234 20 8242 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/23/14363/sdsp_skyl_000011-000012.pdf 551a17f3a0d2c58f1a6d4c540c1af3d8 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Charles A. Lundquist Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/46" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Charles A. Lundquist Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Charles A. Lundquist Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000011-000012 Title A name given to the resource "EARTH TERRAIN VIEWS AS SEEN FROM SKYLAB SPACE STATION." Description An account of the resource This poster depicts the Kyushu Island of Japan, Seattle and the Pacific Northwest, South Island of New Zealand, and Alps Mountains of Europe, as seen from the Skylab Space Station. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Earth Resources Program Type The nature or genre of the resource One-Sheet Posters Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Charles A. Lundquist Collection Box 60, Folder Photograph University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/23/14364/sdsp_skyl_000013-000014.pdf bf2d88b95a5190f4c837c0ab56cc3a39 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Charles A. Lundquist Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/46" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Charles A. Lundquist Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Charles A. Lundquist Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000013-000014 Title A name given to the resource "HOW COMET KOHOUTEK LOOKED TO SKYLAB 4 CREW." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Skylab 4 Kohoutek comet Type The nature or genre of the resource One-Sheet Posters Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Charles A. Lundquist Collection Box 60, Folder Photograph University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/23/14365/sdsp_skyl_000015-000016.pdf 8bfc7378cbcca6f12125f4d5ba850b08 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Charles A. Lundquist Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/46" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Charles A. Lundquist Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Charles A. Lundquist Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000015-000016 Title A name given to the resource "SKYLAB SPACE STATION AS SEEN FROM SKYLAB 4 CSM." Description An account of the resource This poster depicts the Skylab habitat. It presents a clear view of the Apollo Telescope Mount. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Skylab 1 Skylab 4 Space habitats Gibson, Edward G. Carr, Gerald P. Pogue, William R. Type The nature or genre of the resource One-Sheet Posters Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Charles A. Lundquist Collection Box 60, Folder Photograph University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/23/14366/sdsp_skyl_000017-000018.pdf 36310d73f1bec5b0b3110d0cfdef5fe0 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Charles A. Lundquist Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/46" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Charles A. Lundquist Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Charles A. Lundquist Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000017-000018 Title A name given to the resource "LAUNCH OF THIRD MANNED SKYLAB MISSION." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Merritt Island (Fla.) John F. Kennedy Space Center Skylab Program Skylab 4 Gibson, Edward G. Carr, Gerald P. Pogue, William R. Saturn launch vehicles Type The nature or genre of the resource One-Sheet Posters Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Charles A. Lundquist Collection Box 60, Folder Photograph University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/23/14367/sdsp_skyl_000019-000020.pdf 2411f4a5f819d31f020d47ea2e192b45 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Charles A. Lundquist Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/46" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Charles A. Lundquist Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Charles A. Lundquist Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000019-000020 Title A name given to the resource "SKYLAB SILHOUETTED AGAINST EARTH, DARK SKY, AS VIEWED FROM COMMAND/SERVICE MODULE." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Skylab 1 Skylab 2 Space habitats Type The nature or genre of the resource One-Sheet Posters Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Charles A. Lundquist Collection Box 60, Folder Photograph University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/199/14369/sdsp_skyl_000022.jpg 5742e278e6d877ab3ba49a444ead4664 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard Heckman Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000022 Title A name given to the resource Skylab Sticker, American Flag Motif. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Type The nature or genre of the resource Stickers Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Richard Heckman Collection Box 2, Folder 8 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/53/14373/sdsp_skyl_000028-000028.pdf 40ceaae72fe42f66294974f091fde373 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Werner Sieber Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Werner Sieber Collection Description An account of the resource <p>Werner Hans Sieber (March 27, 1912 to April 3, 1995) was a guided missiles expert during WWII (Wade). He received his education from Technical University, Hanover (Lundquist). Sieber was taken to the United States through Operation Paperclip, where he joined von Braun's Rocket Team. By 1960, [Sieber was the] “Head of Measuring Consoles and Instrumentation Division, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Test Division, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center" (Wade). “In the February 1969 MSFC Directory (five months before the first lunar landing) he is listed as Chief of the Test Instrumentation and Control Division of the Test Laboratory” (Lundquist).</p> <p></p> <p>Sources:<br />Lundquist, Charles. "Transplanted Rocket Pioneers," 2015.<br /><br />Wade, Mark. "Sieber, Werner." <em>Encyclopedia Astronautica</em>, <a href="http://www.astronautix.com/s/sieber.html">http://www.astronautix.com/s/sieber.html</a>.</p> Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/150">View the Werner Sieber Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000028-000028 Title A name given to the resource "ASTRONAUT GARRIOTT PERFORMS SKYLAB 3 EVA." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Extravehicular mobility units Garriott, Owen K. Experimentation Apollo Telescope Mount Skylab 1 Skylab 3 Lousma, Jack R. Type The nature or genre of the resource Color Photographs Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Werner Sieber Collection Box 7, Folder 43 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14374/sdsp_skyl_000029-000031.pdf 753c03061d39b3aafbe67eccc35f9cda PDF Text Text ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000029-000031 Title A name given to the resource Skylab Reuse Diagrams. Description An account of the resource These diagrams depict potential options for reuse of the Skylab habitat for the Space Shuttle program. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Skylab Program Space habitats Apollo Telescope Mount Multiple docking adapters Spacelab Type The nature or genre of the resource Diagrams Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 16, Folder 4 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14375/sdsp_skyl_000032-000034.pdf 8f517d913bde939871c45309f649758d PDF Text Text ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000032-000034 Title A name given to the resource NASA Announcement of Plans to Launch First Orbital Workshop. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-07-22 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1965-1970 Subject The topic of the resource George C. Marshall Space Flight Center. Public Affairs Office Skylab Program Apollo applications program Spent Stage Workshop Space habitats John F. Kennedy Space Center Apollo Telescope Mount Type The nature or genre of the resource Memorandums Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 16, Folder 4 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/48/14377/sdsp_skyl_000036_001.pdf 62b867b2cd2bee62d1a3d381462f110a PDF Text Text m 14 £VY\ APOLLD NASA INTERNAL USE ONLY APPLICATION XCSM LEM LAB APOLLO BOILERPLATE APOLLO BOILERPLATE XCSM CSM XCSM LEM LAB LEM SHELTER LEM TAXI VEHICLES NASA in (SA 218-228 AND SA 517-525) mi USE ONLY XCSM XCSM LEM LAB i\ APOLLO BOILERPLATE XCSM APOLLO BOILERPLATE APOLLO BOILERPLATE , XCSM LEM LAB J2) LEM TAXI XCSM - XCSM LEM LAB LEM LAB 1 <v >K1 " 7 9J7 w r " 7HH3 THE 219 Remote Suriace Sensing/Operations 120 -200-N. M. 90° EO 45 Days LEM LAB j) cust 218 LEM TAXI APOLLO BOILERPLATE -I XCSM LEM LAB "LIGHT NUMBER - MISSIONS" ORBIT •iTAYTIME PROGRAM 5 17 Astronomy 19, 350 -N. M. 0° EO 45 Days 220 221 Space Operations/Technology 200-N. M. 28. 5° EO 45 Days 222 518 Space Applications 19, 350-N. M. 0° EO 45 Days 519 520 Lunar Surface Rendezvous Lunar Surface Landing 21 Days 223 224 Space Operations/Technology 200-N. M. 28. 5° E O 90 Days 225 522 Lunar Surface Sensing TBD* * 90° LO 35 Days 523 Astronomy/Applications 1 9 , 350-N. M. 0° EO 45 Days 227 Remote Surface Sensing/Operations 200-N. M. 90° EO 45 Days 228 524 . 525 Lunar Surface Rendezvous Lunar Surface Landing 21 Days " A s defined in MSF p r e l i m i n a r y copy "Apollo Applications P r o g r a m E l l g h t Mission As stgnment s , " dated December 1965 Io be determined. DECEMBER 27, 1965 DRAWING NO. 65-0014 R-P8VE-AV e-i o 1 . e* � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Walter W. Jacobi Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Walter W. Jacobi Collection Description An account of the resource Walter W. Jacobi was born on January 13, 1918 in Saalfeld, Germany. On November 16, 1946, Jacobi arrived in the United States under Operation Paperclip with a group of 118 fellow scientists in Dr. Wernher von Braun’s team. The Paperclips started to work for the War Department of the United States at Fort Bliss, Texas, in White Sands, New Mexico, and finally in Huntsville, Alabama in 1950. The team continued to work on their rocket research, which culminated in the Apollo/Saturn Program and man landing on the moon in 1969. Jacobi spent his entire career with NASA; even in retirement, he followed the events and projects at NASA and the Marshall Space Flight Center. Jacobi passed away on August 19, 2009 in Huntsville, Alabama. Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/113">View the Walter W. Jacobi Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000036 Title A name given to the resource "APOLLO APPLICATION PROGRAM VEHICLES." Description An account of the resource This image depicts various Apollo launch vehicles. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-12-27 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1965-1970 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Apollo applications program Saturn launch vehicles Type The nature or genre of the resource Diagrams Posters Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Walter W. Jacobi Collection Box 6, Folder 9 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/69/14378/sdsp_skyl_000037-000038.pdf 031975ea7f84a34921344656fa45949a PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Robert McBrayer Collection Title A name given to the resource Robert McBrayer Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/112">View the Robert O. McBrayer Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000037-000038 Title A name given to the resource Photograph "Prime Crew of First SKYLAB Mission." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Skylab 2 Conrad, Charles, Jr. Kerwin, Joseph P. Weitz, Paul J. Type The nature or genre of the resource Color Photographs Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert McBrayer Collection Box 7, Folder 7 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/69/14379/sdsp_skyl_000039-000040.pdf 07ab7623612356de13ada9c3b959f9bc PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Robert McBrayer Collection Title A name given to the resource Robert McBrayer Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/112">View the Robert O. McBrayer Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000039-000040 Title A name given to the resource Photograph "SKYLAB 3 View of Southwestern United States." Description An account of the resource This poster depicts numerous southwestern states including Arizona, Utah, and California as seen in one image from space. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Skylab 3 Earth Resources Program Type The nature or genre of the resource One-Sheet Posters Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert McBrayer Collection Box 7, Folder 7 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/69/14380/sdsp_skyl_000041.jpg e915a355abba1760efb3a875be04243a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Robert McBrayer Collection Title A name given to the resource Robert McBrayer Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/112">View the Robert O. McBrayer Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000041 Title A name given to the resource Photograph "Astronaut Joseph P. Kerwin." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Skylab 2 Kerwin, Joseph P. Type The nature or genre of the resource Color Photographs Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert McBrayer Collection Box 7, Folder 7 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/69/14381/sdsp_skyl_000042-000043.pdf f4cd516bb524c224b017224c594491e0 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Robert McBrayer Collection Title A name given to the resource Robert McBrayer Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/112">View the Robert O. McBrayer Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000042-000043 Title A name given to the resource Photograph "Skylab Prime Crews." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Skylab 1 Conrad, Charles, Jr. Gibson, Edward G. Kerwin, Joseph P. Weitz, Paul J. Lousma, Jack R. Bean, Alan L. Garriott, Owen K. Carr, Gerald P. Pogue, William R. Skylab 2 Skylab 3 Skylab 4 Experimentation Space habitats Type The nature or genre of the resource Color Photographs Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert McBrayer Collection Box 7, Folder 7 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/69/14382/sdsp_skyl_000044-000045.pdf 29845c8fdfe5b0e8ddfcd7052e5ef6d0 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Robert McBrayer Collection Title A name given to the resource Robert McBrayer Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/112">View the Robert O. McBrayer Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000044-000045 Title A name given to the resource Photograph "Prime Crew of Second Manned SKYLAB Mission." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Manned Spacecraft Center (U.S.) Skylab Program Skylab 3 Multiple docking adapters Garriott, Owen K. Lousma, Jack R. Bean, Alan L. Type The nature or genre of the resource Color Photographs Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert McBrayer Collection Box 7, Folder 7 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/69/14383/sdsp_skyl_000046-000047.pdf c410894513eb5265c79ecb79fa03dd3e PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Robert McBrayer Collection Title A name given to the resource Robert McBrayer Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/112">View the Robert O. McBrayer Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000046-000047 Title A name given to the resource Photograph "Prime Crew of Third Manned SKYLAB Mission." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Skylab 4 Carr, Gerald P. Gibson, Edward G. Pogue, William R. Apollo Telescope Mount Type The nature or genre of the resource Color Photographs Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert McBrayer Collection Box 7, Folder 7 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/69/14384/sdsp_skyl_000048-000049.pdf 4f4a1feb1a6fcb9c318ef9ce2b83543f PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Robert McBrayer Collection Title A name given to the resource Robert McBrayer Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/112">View the Robert O. McBrayer Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000048-000049 Title A name given to the resource Photograph "Launches of SKYLAB 1 & SKYLAB 2." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Merritt Island (Fla.) John F. Kennedy Space Center Skylab Program Skylab 1 Skylab 2 Saturn launch vehicles Type The nature or genre of the resource Color Photographs Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert McBrayer Collection Box 7, Folder 7 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/69/14385/sdsp_skyl_000050_001.pdf c19a71b265863863e21fecf3301738f7 PDF Text Text •mission 're/art MR-13 NATIONAL B AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION "Man Still Matters"-The Story of The First Skylab Mission "I guess the way I could summarize this project is that it proves that man still matters. . . . You have made us all very proud with the way you handled some difficult problems in this project." —President Richard M. Nixon in a radio telephone conversation with the orbiting Skylab astronauts on June 18, 1973. The first Skylab mission, epitomized above by the President, dramatized the fact that man working in combination with automated instruments can far more fully explore and utilize space for world bene­ fit than either can alone. Skylab 1—which includes the Orbital Workshop (OWS) where men live and conduct experiments, the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) which is a solar observatory, and related docking, airlock, and elec­ tronic components—was launched at 1:31 p.m. EDT, May 14, 1973. About a minute after launch, an 800-pound meteoroid shield was torn from the OWS, ripping away one OWS solar wing and jam­ ming the other so that it could not operate or open properly. Solar wings have arrays of silicon solar cells that convert sunlight to electricity for powering spacecraft and their experiments. Without the OWS wings, Skylab's available power supply was cut in half. The power loss was but one of the major problems confronting Skylab. Equally serious was the loss of the shield. The purpose of the cylindrical shield was two-fold. Without the .025-inch thin aluminum shield, Skylab is directly exposed to microscopic dust particles that could make tiny punctures in its walls. How­ ever, engineers believe Skylab's pressurization sys­ tem can readily compensate for such circumstances. More important, the shield was painted to ward off much of the Sun's heat and keep the OWS cool. Its absence caused temperatures inside the OWS to rise ominously, threatening to spoil the food, medi­ cines, and photographic film stowed on board at launch. Skylab's outside skin temperatures reached nearly 300 degrees Fahrenheit. Short of power and too hot for prolonged habitation, Skylab had all the hallmarks of a failure. It was saved by the dedicated and tireless efforts of the first Skylab crew—Capt. Charles Conrad, Jr.; Commander Joseph P. Kerwin, and Commander Paul J. Weitz—and NASA and in­ dustry ground personnel. The Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and its solar panels had properly extended. With this power, ground controllers were able to operate Skylab. After a number of maneuvers to decrease the crit­ ical internal temperatures, Skylab was stabilized to both illuminate the ATM panels (for power) and to reduce direct sunlight on the OWS. The results: • Internal temperatures were stabilized at 125 de­ grees Fahrenheit, which was still too hot for nor­ mal habitation. • Power levels were about 2800 watts, enough for unmanned operation. • Skylab was oriented with a 45-50 degree pitch-up (nose-up) attitude for which it was not designed. To maintain this orientation put serious strain on Skylab's supply of nitrogen gas maneuvering fuel. • Skylab could not be oriented to point the ATM at the Sun because of temperature increases nor to aim Earth resources instruments at the ground because this would reduce sunlight on the ATM solar panels and drain the batteries. • Beta angles—the angles between the Sun and Skylab's orbit—were moving in a way to drive OWS temperatures up again. NASA and industry personnel pitched in offering a 1 �View of damaged Skylab workshop, showing unshielded area where parasol was later deployed. Jammed solar wing is at lower right. 2 �wide variety of ideas for a makeshift sun shield. These were trimmed to three that were fabricated. The three went along with Conrad, Kerwin, and Weitz when the astronauts were launched on May 25 In an attempt to save their mission and the Skylab program. The astronauts also carried other care­ fully selected tools, including bolt cutters, a bending tool (boat hook), tin snips and food and drugs to replace those believed already spoiled by the heat. Launched at 9 a.m. EDT, the crew rendezvoi/sed with the space station at 4:30 p.m. EDT. They reconnoitered: maneuvering around the station, inspect­ ing the damage, and telecasting these observations to Earth. Then, they soft-docked—partially attached their modified Apollo Command/Service module (CSM) spacecraft, called Skylab 2, to Skylab 1—while they made preparations for standing up in Skylab 2 and attempting to free the jammed soiar panel. Later, they undocked Skylab 2, maneuvered it to the jammed solar panel, and attempted unsuccessfully to free it. Two problems were responsible for their failure: the aluminum strip from the meteoroid shield that had twisted around the wing was held fast by a bolt that had deeply penetrated the wing; and the slope of the solar wing was such that the available tools could not adequately grip it. Ascertaining the prob­ lem, however, proved to be the first step toward its eventual solution. When the astronauts returned to the Skylab 1 docking port, they encountered a balky mechanism which foiled four docking attempts. On their fifth try, using a planned back-up tech­ nique, they achieved a hard dock—full attachment— sealing their CSM to the station. The time was 11:50 p.m. The crew spent the remainder of the night in their docked CSM. (Later, they repaired the docking mechanism.) The next day, they entered and prepared to erect a sun shield over the OWS. They had three ap­ proaches, of which the prime (preferred) one was a parasol erected from inside the station through an airlock originally intended for solar-oriented sci­ entific expermients. The parasol was the least diffi­ cult means to deploy. Using procedures conceived just two days earlier, the crew made a boom com­ posed of five rods screwed end to end at the top of which was a folded shade. They poked this boom through the airlock. When the boom was out far enough, the sunshade was opened. The shade was designed to cover an area 22 x 24 feet, but it had a few wrinkles. Still it covered about 90 percent of the meteoroid shield area and brought inside tem­ peratures gradually down. In about 11 days, the Inside temperature was a comfortable 75 degrees. Skylab 2/Saturn IB takes off with Astronauts Conrad, Kerwin, and Weitz. The other techniques were to be used if debris blocked the scientific airlock through which the parasol was poked. In one, the astronauts would stand in the open hatch of their command module and unroll a trapezoidal awning from the bottom, or far end, of Skylab to the handrail of the ATM. The narrow end of the awning would be toward the ATM. 3 �Close-up of jammed solar wing, showing aluminum strapping that held it. SATURN WORKSHOP LAUNCH CONFIGURATION APOLLO TELESCOPE MOUNT SECOND in* MULTIPLE DOCKING ADAPTER AIRLOCK MODULE OWS Skylab workshop showing principal components. In the other, two astronauts would step from an airlock in the airlock module, affix a special bracket to the outside wall, and attach two long poles to the bracket, pointing them toward the bottom of he Skylab. At the ends of the poles are pulleys with rope threaded through them. A V-shaped sheet of re­ flecting material would be hoisted like an inverted sail toward the bottom of Skylab. Immediately after parasol deployment, the crew activated the OWS and began their planned scien­ tific experiments. They succeeded in making up time lost more or less but were plagued by a worsen­ 4 ORBITAL WORKSHOP (MODIFIED S-IVB STAGE] ing shortage of electric power. Four batteries in the ATM that were overheated in the pitch-up attitude when ground controllers tried to balance OWS tem­ peratures and ATM solar panel illumination (see above) tripped out prematurely (at 50 percent rather than 20 percent of full charge). Another battery dropped off the line completely. Because of the power shortage, the astronauts had to cut back sub­ stantially on such important experiments as Earth survey and solar studies. NASA officials were well aware of the difficulties and dangers (oart'cu'arly where sharp edges might �Repaired Skylab with parasol sunshade and extended solar wing. exist) of a spacewalk (extravehicular activity, or EVA). Moreover, the section of Skylab where the jammed solar panel was located was never designed for spacewalking. It had neither handrails nor foot­ holds to serve as anchors to offset forces imposed by an astronaut's work. But officials were confident that a well planned and carefully executed EVA could be successfully carried out despite these hin­ drances. Ways and tools to loosen the panel were tested In the Neutral Buoyancy Simulator, the underwater replica of Skylab, at the Marshall Space Flight Cen­ ter, Huntsville, Ala. The buoyancy of the water simu­ lates to some extent the weightlessness of space. Later Conrad, Kerwin, ana Weitz practiced the pro­ cedures inside the OWS. Then, on June 7, 1973, Conrad and Kerwin spent nearly four hours in the most difficult and daring of all orbital repair jobs. First, they assembled a 25foot pole with a bolt cutter at one end. A tether, or lanyard, was fashioned to work the blades of the bolt cutter. While Conrad held the po'e out from the side of the airlock module, Kerwin climbed onto the struts of the ATM. He took the pole from Conrad 5 �Conrad takes advantage of zero gravity to facilitate mouth and throat examination by Kerwin, who is an M.D. and fastened one end with a tether to the struts. This job was done while on Earth's night side under Skylab floodlights. At orbital sunrise, Conrad maneuvered the pole to clamp the bolt cutters on the aluminum strip holding the solar panel. Then Conrad moved hand over hand along the pole to the solar wing. Tethers were run along the pole between the ATM struts and the solar wing. While Conrad held the bolt cutters on the alum­ inum strip, Kerwin pulled on the other end of the lanyard to snap the blades shut and sever the strip. They then attached a tether about half-way down on the solar panel, tied the rope to the ATM struts, and stood up under the rope. The tension thus ap­ plied to the solar wing broke loose a s'uck bracket that still held the wing, permitting the wing to swing out and finally lock into place. The panels of the wing were not yet fully deployed because the hydraulic fluid needed to drive them into position was frozen. When Conrad and Kerwin were safely back inside of the space station, Mis­ sion Control in Houston pitched Skylab upward again to direct sunlight on the fluid mechanism. Shortly, the panels fully deployed, adding approxi­ mately 3000 watts of desperately needed electricity to Skylab's power. The surge of power also began to charge eight batteries that had been useless. In addition, the Skylab "We fix anything crew," as they jokingly called themselves, repaired a num­ ber of other malfunctioning instruments. Among them: a jammed gear mechanism for driving an ultra­ violet telescope, a balky tape recorder, a battery not producing power because of a stuck contact in its regulator (Conrad hit it with a hammer), and a nonoperating valves in the cooling system. Thus, human intelligence, and ability to meet un­ anticipated situations enabled the first Skylab mis­ sion to carry out nearly all of its planned scientific 6 and technical experiments. Although NASA has for years studied the Sun with automated Orbiting Solar Observatories, its more than 30,000 solar pictures from the four-week Skylab mission have been described by physicists as ex­ ceeding their wildest expectations. One of the discoveries from these pictures is that the Sun's corona is much more dynamic, or change­ able, than many scientists believed. The corona is the Sun's outer atmosphere which extends millions of kilometers into space. Its dynamic behavior is believed due to interactions of its ionized (electri­ fied) gases with the solar magnetic field. On June 15, automatic instruments on Skylab re­ ported a moderately strong solar flare—a sudden outburst of matter from the Sun. Immediately the astronauts directed the ATM instruments toward and zeroed them in on the flare, making the best sequen­ tial observations yet of this kind of phenomenon. The flare released as much energy as mankind uses in decades. Science still does not understand how energy is accumulated and released in a flare. Skylab's solar studies will contribute to unravelling this mystery and perhaps to the solution of potential energy shortages on Earth. Conrad, Kerwin, and Weitz also brought back more than 7000 scientific pictures of Earth. The pictures are in demand by industry, agriculture, weather services, city planners, ecologists, fishing companies, prospectors, mapmakers, dam-builders, and many others concerned with Earths' resources and environment. They cover 31 states and six other countries. Among the most crucial of Skylab experiments are those about man himself: how he responds and adapts to weightlessness in prolonged space flight. The outcome will not only bear significantly on plan­ ning for future flights but also add to knowledge �Conrad smiles after washing in Skylab shower facility. Before washing, the astronaut pulls the curtain from the floor and attaches it to the ceiling. Water is drawn off by a vacuum cleaner. (If water escaped, it would float around.) Weitz at control and display, panel of ATM. about bodily functions. Such additional knowledge may aid future doctors in fighting human illness. During the first Skylab mission, as well as the earlier Mercury and Gemini manned Earth orbital flights and the Apollo lunar explorations expeditions, many changes in astronaut bodily systems occurred. Among these were losses in muscular tissue, bone calcium, red blood cell mass, and other fluids and weakening of the cardiovascular (heart and circula­ tory) system—generally those bodily elements and systems that on Earth must cope with the pull of gravity. Scientists want to know whether these ef­ fects level off in prolonged space flight or, if not, plan to develop measures to counteract them. They also want more information on how man adapts to work in space. The first Skylab mission indicated man can adjust rapidly to zero gravity, or weightlessness. Conrad, Kerwin, and Weitz became so proficient that ground personnel had to increase their planned workload to keep them fully occupied. None of the three experienced space sickness (as did some astronauts on previous shorter space missions and the crew of Skylab 3 early in its 59-day mission that began July 28, 1973). Even when they were spun at 30 revolutions per minute in a rotating chair on Skylab, they did not get motion sickness. 7 �Part of New England from Skylab. Note Cape Cod peninsula at right; Long Island, lower left. They could tolerate only half that speed on the ground. Another significant finding of Skylab is that ade­ quate well designed body restraints are necessary for men to perform efficiently in space. In another area, the men advised that tomatoes should be small enough to be eaten whole and that salt sprinkled on food bounces off. Because the body does not have to work as hard In the zero gravity of space as on Earth, scientists were concerned about the deconditioning of the astronauts as a result of their long mission. Because of this, they wanted to examine them and their in­ flight specimens of frozen urine, freeze-dried blood, and other materials as soon as possible after re­ covery. They also wished to avoid possible contami­ nation of the specimens by the warm, moist sea air. As a result, plans were made to pick up the retuning spacemen and Skylab 2 together rather than their leaving their spacecraft in the water and climb­ ing aboard a helicopter as in previous space mis­ sions, such as Apollo. Conrad, Kerwin, and Weitz splashed down in the Pacific about 1344 kilometers (840 miles) southwest of San Diego, Calif., at 9:50 a.m. EDT, June 22, 1973, aftre 28 days and 50 minutes of space flight. At 10:34 a.m., they emerged from their spacecraft, which had been hoisted to the deck of the recovery ship, U.S.S. Ticonderoga. All three astronauts stepped unsurely onto the Conrad and Weitz receive cheers after stepping from their Apollo command module onto the recovery vessel, Ticonderoga. Kerwin, in back­ ground, is emerging from module. carrier deck. The effects they experienced are comparable to standing up after a long period in bed. They wore pressure pants to counteract, if neces­ sary, orthostatic hypertension, a precipitous drop in blood pressure that could cause them to faint. As a further precaution, they also lay back on their couches after splashdown. Orthostatic hypertension would result from the inability of the cardiovascular system to fight gravity and push blood up from the lower extremities. Pooling of blood in the legs has been a common reaction in returning spacemen. Kerwin was the only astronaut who felt sufficiently faint to inflate his pressure pants. As most of their predecessors, all three astro­ nauts lost weight during their 4-week flight: Conrad, nearly 4 pounds; Kerwin, 6V2; and Weitz, about 8. In other ways too, the first Skylab crew, like all peoole. showed individual variations in their re­ sponses to the 28-day space flight. The first Skylab mission, in addition to providing a wealth of scientific, medical and technical data, set a new record for the longest manned space flight. Just as and perhaps more important, it made pos­ sible and laid a foundation for the two longer Skylab missions scheduled to follow it. 8 GPO 870-932 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Robert McBrayer Collection Title A name given to the resource Robert McBrayer Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/112">View the Robert O. McBrayer Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000050 Title A name given to the resource NASA "m!ssion report 'Man Still Matters' - The Story of The First Skylab Mission." Description An account of the resource This article describes the scientific importance of the Skylab missions, and specifically focuses on the importance of having the Skylab program be a manned series of missions, as opposed to unmanned. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Skylab 1 Space habitats Apollo Telescope Mount Conrad, Charles, Jr. Kerwin, Joseph P. Weitz, Paul J. Skylab 2 Earth Resources Program Human factors in engineering design Experimentation Type The nature or genre of the resource Articles Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert McBrayer Collection Box 7, Folder 7 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/69/14386/sdsp_skyl_000051_001.pdf f85f23f669508418c4c10264019e9977 PDF Text Text •mission rBport MR-14 NATIONAL m AERONAUTICSAND SPACE ADMINISTRATION The Second Skylab Mission: A Scientific Cornucopia The unprecedented wealth of information gained from man's longest and most productive space voy­ age— the second Skylab mission — has paved the way for major advances in knowledge about the Sun, Earth, and life itself. The second Skylab mis­ sion also demonstrated that man can live and work efficiently for long periods in space. In addition, new world records were achieved for the longest time (59 days, 11 hours, and 9 minutes) and distance (about 341/2 million kilometers, or 211/2-million miles) man has traveled in space. The men circled Earth 852 times, also a new record. Launch from the John F. Kennedy Space Center, Florida, took place at 7:11 a.m. EDT, July 28, 1973. Splashdown in the Pacific about 370 kilometers (230 miles) southwest of San Diego, California, occurred at 6:20 p.m. EDT, September 25, 1973. The crew included Alan L. Bean, Commander; Owen K. Garriott, Science Pilot; and Jack R. Lousma, Pilot. The second Skylab mission again served as a reminder that space missions are never routine and that unexpected hazards can develop. It also reemphasized the importance of man in a space vehicle to make judgments and interpretations, respond to unforeseen events, refine and improvise experiments, and repair or replace faulty equipment. This publication presents highlights of the second Skylab mission. It includes both achievements and preliminary scientific results and mission events. Increased Understanding of Earth The astronauts returned with nearly 16,000 pic­ tures of Earth and about 29 kilometers (18 miles) of magnetic tape recording additional Earth data. The pictures and data will contribute to man's efforts to make good use of his planet and its resources. Astronauts Bean, Garriott, and Lousma made 39 successful Earth passes rather than the 26 planned before the mission. Each required changing the spacecraft's usual Sun-oriented position so that its Skylab 3 roll-out. Saturn IB is the launch vehicle. 1 �View of Mission Control Center, Houston, Tex. Earth-viewing instruments were pointed straight down at the surface from which they were acquiring information. The crew also snapped a large number of Earth photographs with their handheld cameras. The Earth survey pictures cover most of the United States and sections of 33 other countries. They include broad areas of all continents. The pictures and data support studies, both in the United States and abroad, in ecology and envi­ ronmental quality, agriculture, forestry, mapping, geology, water resources, fishing, oceanography, mineral prospecting, and meteorology. Their scope is suggested by the following exam­ ples from the 116 investigations which are using data from the second Skylab mission. • Mapped the saline soils in Weslaco, Texas. • Conducted inventories of rice and related crops in California and Louisiana. • Studied the rangeland ecosystem of SierraLahorton and Colorado Plateau. • Studied infestation of Hemlock Looper in hem­ lock trees in Essex County, Massachusetts. • Defined surface morphologic and geologic features related to mineral deposits in parts of Colorado, Nevada, Utah, California, Arizona and Pennsylvania. • Analyzed the Anadarko Basin oil fields in Oklahoma. • Studied drainage basins in northern Califor­ nia, Arizona, Texas, New England and Lalle Ontario area of New York. • Mapped surface features related to ground water explorations and water resources inven­ tory in the Midwest. • Evaluated the usefulness of microwave data for determining sea state during calm and disturbed conditions. • Examined the growth and termination of hur­ ricanes using information gathered for Ava, Christine, and Delia. • Mapped the four million tons of seaweed in the Sargasso Sea east of Florida as a pos­ sible Earth resource. • Correlated the chlorophyll content, thermal patterns, and water mass variations in the eastern Gulf of Mexico with sportfish catches to assess the effects of water environment on the distribution of game fish. • Analyzed conditions preceding severe storms in Oklahoma. • Demonstrated applications to land use studies in the states of California, Colorado, Texas, Nebraska, Iowa, Indiana, Maryland and New York, and the countries of Mexico and Austra­ lia. • Identified soil moisture distribution para- �Revealed from the Skylab vantage point in space is this apparent impact structure, in the vicinity of Manicouagan Reservoir, Quebec, Canada. Lake Mead area, Colorado River, parts of Nevada and Arizona from Skylab. 3 �meters, soil and plant relationships, and pos­ sible underground water in the parched re­ gions of Africa. • Tested the utility of remote sensing for updat­ ing the 1970 census in thirteen U. S. cities. • Developed photomaps and updated existing maps of the U. S. • Demonstrated the use of space photography for mapping of a remote area such as the "Green Hell" of Paraguay. Revolutionary Advance in Solar Knowledge The astronauts obtained 77,600 telescopic images of the Sun's corona, or outer atmosphere, in the X-ray and ultraviolet and visible-light portions of the spectrum. They spent more than 300 hours on solar astronomy as compared to the 200 planned. The information they obtained may contain the answers to many puzzling questions about the Sun and per­ haps contribute to development of non-polluting, unlimited energy sources. Most solar data were obtained when the Sun was high over the Earth's horizon to avoid their being blocked or obscured by the Earth's atmos­ phere. Some observations were made, however, through the Earth's atmosphere to measure its constituents. Among preliminary observations and discoveries of the second Skylab mission are: • Coronal holes—places in the Sun's corona cooler and more rarified than the rest of the solar atmosphere—extend downward to the chromosphere (the region where solar temperature reaches a minimum). In the coronal holes, solar magnetic fields stretch outward rather than curve back to the Sun's surface. Scientists speculate that the holes may be the source of the solar wind, the hot electrified gas particles rushing outward from the Sun. The particles travel along solar magnetic lines of force. • Solar bright points, discovered by Skylab, occur all over the Sun rather that just in the equa­ torial zone between 40°N and 40°S where most violent activities take place. • Solar flares—massive outbursts of matter Solar image in X-ray wavelengths, taken from Skylab, reveals extremely hot corona. �Arabella at work. from the Sun's surface—sometimes arch back to a different area of the Sun and trigger new flares at these areas. Scientists had suspected but never observed this. • Giant bubbles—often bigger than the Sun— were observed rising into the outer corona. They are believed to be responsible for magnetic storms on Earth. • Coronal transients—eruptions that frequently occur in connection with solar flares—reshape a big volume of the corona, including its magnetic fields. • Prominences—condensed streams of hot gas —erupt more frequently than astronomers expected. • The life histories of many sunspots—relatively cool dark areas on the Sun—were recorded on film. Although the Sun was supposed to be in the relatively quiet part of its 11-year cycle, it burst into extraordinary activity during a good part of the second Skylab mission. As a result, the astronauts not only obtained quiet Sun information but also photographs of an active Sun, including some 100 solar flares. The Earth's magnetic field shielded the astronauts from cosmic and other deadly particle radiation generated by this intense solar activity. Although in orbit, Skylab was not outside of the geomagnetic field which extends to an altitude of at least 64,000 kilometers (40,000 miles). The crew also observed and photographed auroras resulting from this intense solar activity. New Knowledge About Life Processes During all manned space missions, astronauts have experienced many changes in their bodily sys­ tems and elements that on Earth must cope with the pull of gravity. Among these are losses in muscular tissue, bone calcium, red blood cells, total blood volume, and other fluids and weakening of the heart and circulatory system. The samples of blood, urine, feces, and perspira­ tion which the astronauts brought back with them plus the thorough tests and medical examinations of the astronauts after their return add to knowledge about biochemical changes resulting from weight­ lessness and from return to Earth's gravity. The con­ tribution that this knowledge makes to understand­ ing of life processes may lead to new medical advances. The knowledge is also important in plan­ ning for future long duration manned space flight missions. Doctors concerned about the effects of prolonged weightlessness are encouraged by the fact that the astronauts' physical reactions to weightlessness appeared to have stabilized after about the 39th day in space. And, after return to Earth, the astro­ nauts readapted much more quickly than those on the first mission. Doctors attribute the leveling off and improved reconditioning mostly to the astro­ nauts' daily hour of rigorous exercise, chiefly on a stationary bicycle, during their long space mission. Certainly one of the stars of the second Skylab mission was Arabella, a common cross spider. Ara­ bella was part of a spider sister act in space (her co-worker was named Anita) intended to compare webs spun in weightless and Earth environments. After a couple of days of disorientation, Arabella spun webs resembling those made on Earth. Garriott commented: "It seems she learned very rapidly in zero g without the benefit of any previous experience." Anita, given her chance sometime later, began spinning normal webs almost immediately. Scientists note she had time to adapt to zero g. The spider experiment was one of 25 selected for Skylab among those submitted by high school sci­ ence students. It was suggested by Judith S. Miles, Lexington, Mass. Another intriguing life science experiment in­ volved Mummichug minnows. Those brought aboard at first swam tail up in tight loops. Those hatched from eggs that had been carried into space were observed to swim normally (as on Earth) in zero g. Scientists are mystified by this development. Thus, the second Skylab mission showed that living things appear to be able to function effec­ tively in space after a period of adaptation. As in the first Skylab mission, weightlessness proved stimulating to the astronauts. For example, 12-hour workdays were no problem, and the crew became so proficient that they asked for and were given additional assignments. As a result, the crew completed about 11/2 times the work originally planned for them despite a severe bout with motion sickness that hampered them during their first few days in space. To get well, the astronauts took scopolomine/d/amphetamine, a drug that blocks nerve pathways between the inner ear and stomach. Space Manufacturing The astronauts formed crystals and alloys to 5 �determine the practicability of manufacturing new or improved products in space. The metallic spheres and the crystals formed appeared to be more per­ fect and the alloys stronger than those made on Earth. The astronauts also found that they could weld pieces of metal with electron beams. This demon­ strates that large structures can be built in space. Red Alert The workmanlike performance which character­ ized the Skylab astronauts was carried out despite a problem early in the mission which could have developed into a serious emergency. While the crew were maneuvering their modified Apollo ferry craft (Skylab 3) to rendezvous with the orbiting space station (Skylab 1), Astronaut Bean reported seeing "some kind of sparklers." Mission Control, Houston, Tex., noted a pressure drop in one of four thruster assemblies, which are small rockets used for steer­ ing the craft, and concluded that propellant was leaking. To contain the situation, Mission Control ordered the astronauts to shut the leaking assembly down. Six days later, another thruster sprang a leak and had to be shut down. Among other things, the thrusters are needed to orient the Apollo ferry craft so that its main rocket can fire in the right direction for safe reentry and return to Earth. Round-the-clock preparations were immediately begun to activate the Skylab rescue vehicle: an Apollo craft modified to accommodate five rather than three astronauts and a Saturn IB rocket vehicle to launch the rescue ship into orbit. At the same time, ground personnel initiated studies of the fail­ ures on Skylab 3. Lousma flies experimental Buck Rogers' type back­ pack inside of Skylab. The two leaks were found to be unrelated and not, as feared, indicative of a general system break­ down. One was caused by a stuck valve; the other, by loose fittings. The two remaining thruster assem­ blies checked out perfectly. The next steps were to determine whether and how Skylab 3 could be steered with half of its operat­ ing thrusters. Computer studies and ground simula­ tions showed how it could be done. The information was flashed to the astronauts aboard Skylab 1. The astronauts were told that they would stay aloft for 59 days, as planned. Preparation of a res­ cue vehicle was continued, but on a less urgent basis. Before separating Skylab 3 from Skylab 1, the astronauts were to check pressures in all their rocket systems and then fire the two good thrusters for a second to assure that they worked. All went as intended. Astronauts Bean, Garriott, and Lousma were able to complete their mission and return safely to Earth in their own ship. Three (Including One Record) EVA's Three EVA's (extravehicular activities) were car­ ried out to perform operational and repair work. The r �first, on August 6, 1973, totaled 6 hours 31 minutes and set a new world record for spacewalks. Be­ tween 1:32 p.m. and 8:01 p.m. EDT, astronauts Garriott and Lousma loaded film canisters in their telescopic cameras, installed panels to measure micrometeoroid (cosmic dust) impacts, inspected the thrusters of the Skylab 3 ferry craft (they could find no apparent cause for the leakage), and erected a new awning over the parasol that had been set up by the first Skylab astronauts to cool down their overheated space station, whose heat shield had been lost. (See "Man Still Matters — the Story of the First Skylab Mission," MR-13). Solar radiation and micrometeoroids had caused some deteriora­ tion of the parasol. in the second EVA, from 12:24 p.m. EDT to 4:55 p.m. EDT, August 24, Garriott and Lousma plugged in an assembly of six gyroscopes on Skylab 1, the View of Skylab space station (Skylab 1) as the second Skylab crew approached it in their Apollo ferry craft (Skylab 3). 7 �space station. The gyroscopes are needed to keep Skylab 1 from pitching up and down, yawing from side to side, or rolling. With this replacement, Skylab was held steady by three good gyroscopes in each of its three axes. One in each axis could do the job, but redundancy is a form of insurance for this vital function. The astronauts also reloaded film in their solar telescopes and retrieved the micrometeoroid panel they had set up during their first EVA. The third and final EVA was conducted as part of the preparations for completing the mission. Bean and Garriott were outside their craft from 7:18 a.m. EDT to 9:59 a.m. EDT, September 21, to unload film cassettes from their six solar telescopes. In this as in other EVA's, the astronauts viewed with awe the Earth below and the sky above and were reluctant to return to their spacecraft. The film, tape recordings, and samples acquired through the second Skylab mission will keep sci­ entists and planners busy for years to come. Out of these will be derived new knowledge that can contribute to making this a better world for all mankind. "By your scientific endeavor and your physical endurance you have converted a space vehicle into a repository of more scientific knowledge than mankind can immediately consume. In doing so, you have provided the basis for a quantum jump in human knowledge." —From the message of President Richard M. Nixon to the Skylab 3 astronauts, September 25, 1973. Bean is assisted from spacecraft to chair mounted on forkiitt truck which carried the astronauts to the ship's laboratory. These were part of precautions taken at splashdown because of concern over degradation of bodily systems due to length of mission. The men are aboard the U.S.S. New Orleans, a helicopter carrier, which is the main recovery ship. 8 GPO 872-390 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Robert McBrayer Collection Title A name given to the resource Robert McBrayer Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/112">View the Robert O. McBrayer Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000051 Title A name given to the resource NASA "m!ssion report The Second Skylab Mission." Description An account of the resource This article describes the scientific importance of the Skylab missions, and specifically focuses on the earth resources and Apollo Telescope data which the Skylab 3 crew brought back. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program John F. Kennedy Space Center Skylab 1 Skylab 3 Lousma, Jack R. Bean, Alan L. Garriott, Owen K. Earth Resources Program Apollo Telescope Mount Extravehicular mobility units Experimentation Type The nature or genre of the resource Articles Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert McBrayer Collection Box 7, Folder 7 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/69/14387/sdsp_skyl_000052_001.pdf 827ef65ee83ef8f90448cec871c07b30 PDF Text Text JACK R. LOUSMA Pilot Also making his first space flight. Jack R. Lousma was one of 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April, 1966. He served as a member of astronaut support crews for the Apollo IX, X, and XIII missions. A major in the U.S. Marine Corps, he has logged more than 2,600 hours of flight time. LAUNCH ESCAPE SYSTEM (LES) APOLLO COMMAND MODULE (CM) APOLLO SERVICE MODULE (SM) Space Div Rockwell International ALAN BEAN OWEN GARRIOTT JACK LOUSMA 2nd Skylab crewC. SPACECRAFT - LUNAR MODULE ADAPTER (SLA) ALAN L. BEAN Commander •INSTRUMENT UNIT (IU) International Business Machines, Inc. Commander for the second manned Skylab mission, Alan L. Bean is a veteran of the Apollo Program, having served as lunar module pilot for the flight of Apollo XII in November, 1969. During that Apollo mission, he brought the lunar module to a precision landing within 300 feet of the targeted landing point. He helped install the first nuclear power generator on the moon. He has logged a total of 244 hours, 36 minutes of space flight, which includes seven hours and 45 minutes outside the spacecraft on the lunar surface. •S-IVB STAGE McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co. -1 J-2 ENGINE Rocketdyne Div Rockwell International . INTERSTAGE A captain in the U.S. Navy, Bean became a NASA astro­ naut in 1963. He was born in Wheeler, Texas, on March 15, 1932. After graduating from Paschal High School in Fort Worth, Texas, he received a BS degree in aeronauti­ cal engineering from the University of Texas in 1955. •FIRST STAGE BOOSTER Chrysler Corp. Bean holds many awards, including the NASA Distin­ guished Service Medal, Navy Astronaut Wings and the Navy Distinguished Service Medal. During his career, he has flown 27 types of military aircraft, logging more than 4,410 hours flying time. 8 H-1 ENGINES Rocketdyne Div Rockwell International OWEN K. GARRIOTT Science Pilot Each member of the space team has an im­ portant role in achieving the Manned Flight Awareness objective of preventing errors and defects in space flight hardware and operations. The error prevented helps en­ sure a safe and successful mission - and eliminates the cost of correction. Error-free performance truly means more space pro­ gram per dollar. MANNED FLIGHT AWARENESS Marshall Space Flight Center, S81A - DIR Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama 35812 Making his first space flight, Owen K. Garriott was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in June, 1965. He has since completed a course in flight training and has logged more than 1,600 hours flying time. SCIENCE & ENGINEERING IN OR Garriott was born in Enid, Okla., on Nov. 22, 1930. He graduated from Enid High School and then received a BS degree in electrical engineering from the University of Oklahoma in 1953. He also holds a master of science degree and a doctorate in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1957 and 1960, respectively. He has performed research in ionospheric physics since ob­ taining his doctorate, and he has authored and coauthored more than 25 scientific papers and one book. He was awarded a National Science Foundation Fellow­ ship at Cambridge University and at the Radio Research Station at Slough, England, 1960-1961. He was born in Grand Rapids, Mich., on Feb. 29, 1936. He attended Ann Arbor High School and received a BS degree in aeronautical engineering from the University of Michigan in 1959. He holds the degree of aeronautical engineer from the U.S. Naval Post-graduate School in 1965. Lousma has been a Marine Corps officer since 1959. He was awarded the MSC Certificate of Commendation in 1970. BACKUP CREW Vance D. Brand, Commander William B. Lenoir, Science Pilot Don L. Lind, Pilot SL-3 EXPERIMENT ASSIGNMENTS Number M071 M073 M074 M092 M093 Ml 12— Ml 15 M131 M133 M151 M171 M172 T003 M479 T002 T027 M487 T020 SOI 9 S020 S063 S073 SI 49 S183 S228 S230 S052 S054 S055A S056 S082A S082B S190A S190B S191 S192 S193 SI 94 S071/ S072 Title Cluster Location Science Pilot Cmdr. Pilot • • • • 0 • • • • • • 0 Mineral Balance Bioassay of 8ody Fluids Specimen Mass Measurement In-Flight Lower Body Neg Press. Vectorcardiogram Blood Studies OWS OWS OWS OWS OWS OWS Human Vestibular Function Sleep Monitoring Time and Motion Study Metabolic Activity OWS OWS OWS OWS OWS OWS MDA OWS OWS • • 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 OWS • OWS • Body Mass Measurement In-F light Aerosol Analysis Zero Gravity Flammabiliiy Manual Navigation Sightings ATM Contamination Measurement Habitability and Crew Quarters Foot Controlled Maneuvering Unit UV Stellar Astronomy UV/X-Ray Solar Photography UV Airglow Horizon Photo Gegenschein/Zodiacal Light Particle Collection Ultraviolet Panorama Transuranic Cosmic Rays Magnetospheric Particle Collection White Light Coronagraph X Ray Spectrographs Telescope UV Scanning Polychromator/ Spectroheliometer X Ray Telescope XUV Coronal Spectrohehograph UV Spectrometer Multispectral Photo. Facility Earth Terrain Camera Infrared Spectrometer Multispectral Scanner Microwave Rariiometei/ Scatterometcr Radai and Altimeter L Band Radiometei Orcadian Phythm of Pocket Mice Orcadian Rhythm of Vineqai Gnats OWS OWS OWS OWS OWS OWS OWS ATM ATM ATM ATM ATM ATM ATM MDA OWS MDA • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 © 0 0 0 0 0 TBD T8D • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 • • • • 0 0 0 0 0 MDA MDA • • 0 MDA CSM CSM • • • 0 0 �SCHEDULE OF EVENTS DATE TIME/EDT EVENT AND BRIEF DESCRIPTION JULY 7:08 a.m. Liftoff of Second Skylab Crew 7:10a.m. First/Second Stage Separation 7:18 a.m. Spacecraft in Orbit 9:26 a.m. First Spacecraft Maneuver to Accomplish Rendezvous 2:21 p.m. Final Maneuver Toward Rendezvous With Skylab 3:38 p.m. Docking With Workshop Cluster 3:21 p.m. Undocking From Cluster 8:38 p.m. Landing 28 of persons in NASA and industry worked around the clock to conceive, design, produce, and test the methods needed t o save the mission. The effort was successful. A sun shield was deployed over the station's habitable area reducing temperatures to acceptable levels. Later, the astronauts made a space walk that resulted in a suc­ cessful deployment of the jammed solar array wing. PARASOL (Sun Shade) SEPT. 22 NOTE: At printing time of this brochure, the above timeline was tentative and subject to change MISSION PROFILE The second Skylab crew will be launched to a rendezvous with the orbiting cluster atop a Saturn IB and aboard a modified Apollo Command and Service Module. They are first launched into a preliminary orbit. Several sequence maneuvers are required to reach the orbit of the Skylab cluster. After docking, the crew rests before en­ tering the station. Present plans call for the crew, early in the mission, to re­ place a sun shade which was deployed above the cluster by the first Skylab crew. Tests have shown that the sun shade deteriorates in strength due t o exposure t o direct rays of the Sun. The shade will be replaced by the astro­ nauts working outside the orbiting station. They will deploy two long poles. The new sun shade will be sent out along the poles in a manner similar to raising a flag. While the first crew completed a 28-day mission, the second crew plans to remain aloft for 56 days. The mission will be similar t o the first one, but places more emphasis on solar astronomy and earth resources experi­ ments. SKYLAB REPAIRS Two problems developed during the launch of the unmanned Skylab cluster on May 14, 1973. The meteoroid shield, a thin, .025-inch aluminum cover on the out­ side of the station, was torn loose during launch. This caused extreme overheating of the station. The second problem involved the loss of one of two large solar array wings attached t o the sides of the station. The second wing deployed only partially. This caused the loss of more than half the electrical power needed to operate the station. Because of these problems, the launch of the first crew was delayed eleven days. During this interim, thousands TYPICAL WORK DAY IN SPACE The mission will be run on Central Daylight Time and the sleep periods will run fairly constantly from 1 0 p.m. to 6 a.m. After entering the workshop, the first two big jobs will be shutting down the command module and activating the Workshop. During a regular mission day, the crew will spend the morning hours from 6 t o 8 preparing for work. Check­ lists and plans for the day's work will be sent t o Skylab from the ground, and received on a teleprinter aboard Skylab. The major experiments are solar astronomy, using the Apollo Telescope Mount; earth resources, using the camera and sensor package; biomedical, involving the crew and several items of equipment; and another large group called the corollary experiments. SATURN WORKSHOP Each of these major areas, with their various experiments, must be fitted into the crew's work day. Conducting earth resources experiments will depend upon the orbital position of Skylab and the condition of the cloud cover on earth. When the solar astronomy experiments are being conducted, the ATM consoles must be manned dur­ ing every daylight pass. However, solar flares or other sun conditions might call for manning the console at odd hours. Two out of every three days, each crewman will be a sub­ ject in the various medical experiments. At other times he will monitor equipment while another crewman is the subject. Element Command and Service Module Function Crew Ascent & Descent The one period in which the astronauts will attempt to stop work and get together will be the dinner hour. At this time they can take a look at the flight plan and tighten up loose ends. Docking Interface Apollo Telescope Mount Airlock Module/Fixed Airlock Shroud Instrument Unit Orbital Workshop Solar Observation Power Control & Distribution Launch Vehicle Control Primary Living & Working Area Environmental Control ATM/EREP Controls & Displays Experiment Laboratory Utility Center Stowage Data System SKYLAB OBJECTIVES President Nixon: "...the Skylab... will be aimed not at advancing the exploration of deep space, but at gaining in space new knowledge for the improvement of life here on Earth. It will help develop new methods of learning about the Earth's environment and the Earth's resources, and new methods of evaluating programs aimed at pre­ serving and enhancing the resources of all the world. It will seek new knowledge about our star, the Sun, and about its tremendous influence on" our environment." Extravehicular Activity Port Length (ft) 34.3 17.3 13.3 17.6 3.0 48.1 Diameter (ft) 13.0 10.0 - 10.0 21.5 21.6 366 1,140 ~ 613 ~ 9,550 Working Volume (cu ft) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Robert McBrayer Collection Title A name given to the resource Robert McBrayer Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/112">View the Robert O. McBrayer Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000052 Title A name given to the resource "skylab 3 SCIENCE & ENGINEERING IN ORBIT" brochure. Description An account of the resource This brochure describes the duties and responsibilities of the Skylab 3 crew, including experiments and repairs. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Madison County (Ala.) Huntsville (Ala.) United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Manned Flight Awareness George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Skylab Program Skylab 3 Lousma, Jack R. Bean, Alan L. Garriott, Owen K. Saturn launch vehicles Apollo Telescope Mount Experimentation Skylab 1 Space habitats Skylab 1 Space habitats Type The nature or genre of the resource Brochures Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert McBrayer Collection Box 7, Folder 10 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary