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&lt;p&gt;A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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reproductions of copyrighted
materials. You may use the digitized
material for private study,
scholarship, or research. Though
the University of Alabama in
Huntsville Archives and Special
Collections has physical ownership
of the material in its collections, in
some cases we may not own the
copyright to the material. It is the
patron's obligation to determine
and satisfy copyright restrictions
when publishing or otherwise
distributing materials found in our
collections.</text>
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                    <text>��ST/iTSSaST 07 WORK
HAU/MVCBUST ACQJIVrriES - AIM

SCOPE
TMs^rvtccsMit of \Jovk. cjicoBroaasGs the oan/niaeMne effort reoulretl
to optimize tho crew role cod the eysteas deslsn for the Apoilo
Telescope Mouat (AT^!) erpcriaeat*
OBJECrmS
The objectives of the progrsia eret
1.

To Id TiciCy the tcoho re®ilred to actuate, coir;i-ol and ncnitor
the
to rct.rl&lt;Tve data casosttea ty EWl, end to ctov tlia
cassettes aboard the AEl carri&lt;ir.

2.

To define cud cstabUsh apeclfiCGtlcns for the cquipE jiifc requited
to support the crov dJtrlng EKA trcnslatlcai, do^.a retrieval.
haadllDg and etovn^e.

3.

To cpp3y huran casiaeerins criteria thru design outroort of those
systems interfacing the orbital crew mcaibor.
forj3lbimy of lr.tv.m p^rforannco on those tashs
Identified ly caalj'Gia (inciud'jjs sittulatica) a£ crew variables
and ccostralnts, equiprent UitViatloas, and alnsica roquircmsnfcs.

5.
,

To devadop a tradning program, Inclv.dlr-g coursti outlines, ^-quipmont
description, personnel requirfiicnto, end fanllJ.ty utUlEaiion,
to lEjiltBEnt indoctrinatlca of the crew to the ATIl,

ASSUiPnOilS
The follo»7lns esovurotious will be included emong thoca to be used
in the performance of this prosrom.
1*

The Apollo Elcch II suit shall be ;rtili2ed by the sstrcsmts.

2.

Attitude stabilization, pointing and control el"'all be ccadr^rted
by the nstrona'jtCc) within the AEi carrier.

3*

The carrier configuration end flight profile shall be ccnoistcirb
with the curitiatiy dsolgnated /-AP ccafiguratlozxs.

�2
IV

ERa'.RAIl OUTUES
1«

2.

GeDcral
a.

Ka::irniax utlllT:t;tion vill l)is made of reaultn clrtaijiod from
the G&amp;*ainl and Apollo proc^ans.

b.

l^axlrai:! use shall
-S hardware coiEpimeata and syeteans
which oro either availnblo cosomQrciaUy or have teen developed
uudior other rclr.tod prograias.

c.

The Ernsn Fac&lt;:ors Ehciuorr.his Section shall fi-volop
a de­
tailed progmu plan catega.'lsinc th? effort into a logical
sequence cf outicireted tatla. Enoh task will ocntain obJ-.ctlvos, the Kcpected proiuet, allocated maa-hci;ro, relaticn to
crthax' tasks, data rcxjuired from Gv-vamment scwraen; the plan
shall also provida for mihistone event rcvicvs.

d.

CoaveJitlonal equlpiC'^ait, procedures, end tcehniyica \;j.ll be
xrfcilizs.d ^dtenovcr possible-.'

Crew/System Jtitecration
a.

The Eumon Feotcrs Enginccivlng Section shall idorttify critical
system paramstci-s for both the ASIA and its carrie?.'. Such
factors as pointing and
Reciu'aciejj, motating character­
istics, tarcct nocuisition modes, cnvircnmiintal lijaitaticns,
aoaitcring rccruirements, data rotrievol roouiremrnts (removal
and/or rsTJlaceaoat, frequ:&gt;ncy, inasscs), aoceoslbDity and
interfaces will bo evaluntod for ccspatibmty with too htann
opci'atcr.

b.

Those system rcguireincats which constitute a eonstraiat
directly or indirectly on na interfacing system and which affect
odrc-x'soly ths crew pcxrfommco will be identified, l/hcre
possible Eltemato systems or procedures will bs x*econmcnd.cd
which will clloviate the constx'aint or improve system cffcctivoncas«

c.

Identification will bo csdo of the varlcblns and constraints
imposed ly
crew mcaber plxis
caadldiite crew support
(IVA end EVA) equipaient, cixd incorporate this data into the
task analyses and new equipment design specif1cations.

d.

All equlisEont with '.dilch tlxe crew will intorfaco "&gt;&gt;•^7) be
analyzed and the opdratlixg and stowage rc^xlramsnts determined.
This equirnx-at will include.

'

�3
1)
2)
3)
i;)
5)
6)
7)
0)

«

fSTA dioplay and ccatrol egjilpBent
Gu-lflcnce and aaylgatlcn equipmant
AE' data cassottas
Datii hinadllng cq^alp22?nt (tools)
D:j,ta atov.'aso crraj-prir^nt
Li'Zo ciipport equlprant
AlalocJca and nccossorlsa (hctch^a ond Ccmtro:^)
Crav Bto.'billaeticc and traiislr.tion oquipiBunt (IVA artd eva)

e. A dstallcd task aiS'Jyais iacludlng tinellns shall be conducted
baosa on the follovins najor actlvitiea:
1)
2)
3)
h)
5)
6)
T)

TciTcefc aeqtilsltion,
otabiiization and control,
Beta recording,
Data rctrio%'al,
Data Dtowego,
E-q.u.'.pnint assembly,
Crs-7 Qovcment to and frcaa the A2M work area*

The enalyois shall bo updated basod on simulation results.
f« Dwsicn opscifleatians will bs created for spnciol crf;w
eqiJ-prc it and tools rcauirlng dovclopm-uat and vhnro rcoircsory
modifi&amp;itions will be rcec^snondcd for existing cduiui^at.
AppUcablo hiwan englaeariag criteria wlU bo ro^crorced for
boca now design and modifications.
3. Design Si^port
%

The principles of hunian factors cnginoerlng shall be applied to
all related AKI eq^iisncnt to ensure the efficient inte^tioi of
men into the design of the system.
a. The EPS Inpirts shall con^l,y with system ena^sls regvli^ments
as well as other appropriate inputs. Standard ^iS?'C-£TD-267
shall bo the basic jvcfereace doctnnsnt for the human €nginegring design features.
b. Euirnn factors cri.teria end reccmmendatlons shall be fpplli.a to
system and subsystem prelimiliary Ijycuts and related dratrings.
The approval of Isyout drawings by the IF3 group shall verify
that ths configuration end arrangamant of cqaipffo-'nt satisfy
Esn/equipmcat perfomnnce rcguiremcnts, and that the design
ccc^ilies with applicable criteria specified in Standcrd
JBPC-STD-267.

S

�c. OsTrJi fnotora prJ.r^.ir--C3 rud proccdu-vcs cboll "be GxroHcxI,
dVLTlac detail dc alfpa, -fco cquiinisnt di-avrlns3; sucli a;i pan&lt;;l
Inycuts, vorlaipccc I'v'oui^s, eon'trols, crew ciiuipTn-n-t oad
•.•thcT dravinso &lt;;japlofcirvs cqiii-prnDH-fc tiaccaBory for operation
"by tho ABl caiTicr crow.
d.

nFB parsccmel sliall pjarfciclpi:to In dcalca rovicvo to enuvxe
ccnalderatioa oi' crev oporationa and crew/eqjiiipra&amp;nt intjractlons.

SimtlAtioa
a. Upon ccoiplotion of tho pxaHnicary task orolcrsls, e. airulatloa
plzin vlll te vrittea and iiapl€n:ca:tod coverins the follcvdnc
factors:
1)
2)

Critical task? to he siaulcted,
?.2c:ar:-adcd a-.'le zf sl=;latlcn - aicohanical, SC-135, Itrt
task, etc.,
3) Sketches of noakeps required,
k) Facilities required,
5) SiEulatloa schedule,

h.

The E-rrnn Factcrs Fa.-l2-~Sccticn skall write the .ietailed
test prccedureo and suhnlt iioakup deslea xecpiirecents for
the approved tasks to tie ajjprppriate doslGu s^^cups,

c, 1F2 personnel ohrOl monitor the operation of all almlstitai
tenting end participate in the dcelga evtOxvitions conducted
on ccn^ncnt mockups which interface the Jaaaon ope rator,
d.

Prccc3ural changes end time iseasurcnients prodv.ccd oy sjarolrtion
testing flhc.ll he incorporated into the detailed taok cna'^'sis,
RcciBCzumdcd design changca rssidtlng from aiusulatioa rnd/OT
lacckup drsloi evaluation shall be submitted by the Hunim Factors
Eagineering Section to the appropriate design groups.

Training
a. The ATM task roqulrcs^rrts shall he evaluated and chose ckiU
IsvcOa required to fulfill the oihital functions shall he
presented.
h.

Prcm the detailed task analysis, H?3 porscmei sha^ldmtify
those tasks vhsre training is neccssa^ end ^ dc^. of
training xequirad to ensure their desired perfonrance,

c.

The Euman Factors Englnoerins Section shr^
training support personnel b? special-ty, traininc level «nd
certiflcaticQ.

�d. Training eqjilpncat and fanilitica shall be Iclentifici
quantity, configuration, ntate of developEien-fc, location
(if cxiatinc), and need date.
e*
^

A trnlniDG pr Cfac outlintj shall be developed. This will
include:

f:ilGli-t crew.
^ w &lt;)•
rfJla ••cla3s:-u9a ir.";U:ri^il and equipacnt.
3) TraiDc?^s.&gt;
it)
f
p^racnnol and expcrlacnt
c. ntrootcns.
'4
"'
Cvurse cutllnoa, frcquenc;' and duraticn, as vc.iJL as cquipasnt
descriptions, iacludina sJffitchca, will be pro/ided with the
traininc plan.

ESPECTED rCBtJLiTS
The fs-Uc^rlnc docuacntctitn will l&gt;e submitted
Saelneerins Section:

the ffurnnri Factors

1. A listing f the syr^tems and/or prtcedures rolatad to ATi &gt;4iich
ara incoirpatiblo with bunaa p&gt;.arfQraanoe crltej.*ia bti!? ov&amp;r i^ch
the contractor has no direct ccntr.1.
2,

Related mission ccnstx'aints, A3S-I and corxder design constx'alnts,
pers.nal equipment ccnstralats, and crew inrpi,i{ed constraints.

^3*

A detailed task zinalysls and tiffiejlne conrncncing with th?
pitspamtlon for iZA torcet cc&lt;iuisition and cndinc with tha
stLwace of the data cassettes within the AIM carrier ofter the
final m.
Design specificoticns f^r bcTth newly develvped crow sxQ^io-rt
equipment end m. difIcatlon tt. existix^g e^ilxKoent.

5&lt;

The simulnticn plan and detal.Icd simulation results, concluslLns
and recoBEcendatl ns*

6.

Desl{pi cvaluatl n inputs ux related AT:-! subsystems requiring
crew/equipment Interactions.

7*

A training plan including course descripticn, material end
eqpipBient requirements, skill levels and fcciU'ty rcccasnondstions.

8,

A training irplementatlon plan containing a sched'alo of overall
training events propcssd for .M!-!.

9. An outline and content description of an A33i flight crev training
and familiarization manual.

��ATM FnOBI.TO AREAS

1«

The general cost of EVA in ezcpendsblcSi crew
end crew fotigiio. (See attnchceats 1
2).

hours, oafoty,

2*

The iJBpact of EVA whore vehicle configurations Involve crew
traaafers by EVA. (See attachaent »,

3*

Other EVA consideratlono.

h.

The baeic everlond of the crew In reopect to nian hours nvailtible
for expcrlrerts vorcus the can hours required by preaent experi-.;:ent dcfinitiona. On 211/2^ this chows 502 aaa hours
avnilablo veraua 859 cian hours required. (Seo attachoem; 5).

5»

Tho problea of dovolopinj and getting iraplcnentcd into
exporinont dcaigno. basic principles of huaan factor cngineaj*ing
and nlooioD oporation rcqu\rc-cnte. Thio io an cxtrc^caly tineGcnaitivo function. (Sea attGchoent 6 for a TOJV prolir-inary
cot of the types of dntn that cuot get factored into the
exporicent and carrior oquipnent designs).

(See nttocfaj^ent 4).

6. Stabilization and Control requlrecents for ATM are the ooafc
otringont ever attoapted in canned space fli^t. Consldorable
study and cinulntion above that already ur.dertakon is probably
required. (Soe attachncat 7 for eooe of the basic iteoo re­
quiring work in this area).
7«

The I/EH io en extremely poor vehicle for extended habitation.
Much huson factor effort nust be expended to provide reasonablo
comfort to the crow. (See attaehnent 8 for oone considerations
on this item. Also, refer to the section on crew habitabillty
in attauhoent 5)*

8.

See attacbxcent 9 for other AiOl Kan/^nchine Considerations.

�/o

�o

0
EVA CREW TIAU COST

.

vy

CO

32
u CLOSE 12
5
REEVA
«
U2
u
lUTCH
O
fj CH.^RGE S
o
w S
2
and
o
u
BPLSS
REPRES- O
D O CO ^a
and
SURIZE
kJ
STOW
u u
CABIN "a
STA®B'ir;
b. -O
k
3
u
ec«
2s ce
•••; ...'-v8
&amp;
u
u
H
Q
0*
5
§
2
cu
O
b
Q
b.
I','-"'
CO

CO

ASIRCr^AUT

f .

CO

R EST

(2 lir)

CO
&lt; CO

•i.V

CO

3VA.'
As-rn(&gt;"""
HAUr

CO
CO

CO
CO

h:,'
-

9
•i.'i

''

A';--' 0

*'. 'I •
a™A /Ws}»

^

'"•"-l'

'• • " •"

.TiMS.. -(mlnutos)

8

.1.

so

X

60

X

70

X

80

90

K' •l-. Slv
"-y-.
^rr ;.:
£•'1--•'• •- "'-H
• • •'
*•• '•• *
r- .*» •

'&gt;

K

. •A

•

J- r ••"•&gt;'-"*':•
'• .'•f'-

,

CO

SVA

-_yS•.•:-••.

»V ' • -

i.. •-•:- .?:.v'';-.--.I
..•••• „ •. -t-

o

:

bV.'
J.
100

TOTAL aiANHOvHS,® 0* .(3 X Period of Actual EVA)

Attnchm^nt

I

�o

O'
•.» .2J ' ...• • .•

».

:j:

o

,:.;1;;-."V•.'-•»-&gt; --'•

..~ &gt;

'•

-. •

OTHER EVA COSTS t
fr •• • &gt; •

CONSUMABLES per EVA

:r • ••
ft-n

*-» i-

'1-^

^ •&lt;
t—;• f^...
•;»
w:J.'. --jy

lb
Oxygen
Cabin Loss
7.0+
Consumed by
Astronauts (PLSS)
3.0+
Umbilical
6 IbAr
Water

I • • -.• •-.
»=,•
f-.-'. •'

14.66

LiOH (Contaminant
Control Cartridge)
Fuel (Stabll^e and
Station Keeping)

7.2
?

SAFETY FACTORS
Raciiation Exposure
Meteoroid Exposure
Astromut Fatigue
Lo^v Systciii Safety

.-V

-.rv '- • -•"• ••-•

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Wt (lb)
PLSS
Protective
Oarments

64
Thermal
50
Meleorok1 15

Safety Tethers

10

EVA Astronaut
Maneuvering System 10-140
PLSS Replaceables
Battery
Contaminant
Control Cartridge
Rescue Kit (est)
TOTAL

Vr
rVol (ft^) Quantity
3

2

.5
1

2
2

f,

.5

2

f- .

2

f"
&gt;&gt;«-

&lt;1-9

^'
I

»--

t_ -

V-

5

.05

1 per 4
EVA 'S
t

3,6
10

.04
.5

167-297 6.6-15.8

1 per EVA
1

i-r-: . -

S'-.T

��'xHE g/A CO?g.TPTTm PPnarr^f

Pcyhapo tho aoot olsiificeat diffeiwfo
AV
tionc lo a &gt;oquirci=ent for rcEr.lsr comaytinn- toVork
conflfpiraDr. MnoUcr and tho Altorrjtc /;a ccnfi-ajTc-tion S.^r.5^. i
clic-.;a that ••.•hllo EVA caa bo RC'-canlioh"^
ia'iv-H-t' i
i^^iperinent ha.9
l".bcrion3 to the crc-^. Ar.v clo^ig^
f-fficalt £«:cl
nhould bo cnrofullo- aea3y=c;d and tho con;cqSSca
PCrtcdlo EVA
tho cafety foctoro and worlclcada Ir.volvod, every offo^ ^
^
nxniniro tho qi-mtlty of m'o required.,
o^^^ort ebould bo ca(\o to
D..
«to oori in tho l.:li/Ai;.. Ho oo-ola flea no' rtc-ro-rhir^f^^f
=0
tfor.trbsp, cater the AL, ccciiro th-t
j
^ the S-Iva
veuld then AopTczav.^zo the AL and opcts fcha'^A^St°r
Eo
tfceeo aetlvltlcn tho r.otro"-auJ- ^,0 v,,,
Wij.le .10 t-ao doing
thocu-h a oiailnr cot of ooUi-ltioVin
^
prepared, tho firet aotrone.ut would then
a '
ucro
cuter the LEd and hook up ore of tho Dtsr£^va Iv^
^'^5
Ea would then traacfor hlo Icrg urb^i^oal to
K5?oilicalc to hio cuit.
hock it up a-d diaooraoofc the .4ord:"j^fiMaeal
^^^roraut who would
thou travoroe back to tho AL v.hile tho
aatroraAtt would
froa tho open hatch of tho Ii:i. Follcsr'-'^
procrecs
ecouro tho LEj hatch, rcprcc-er'-e S^rVv
S®
as'crouaut would
by the Chart, nfto? ah.a 5o
the bSi:
^oo'sin^^SiSr&amp;
for short tora taslaj. Eowovo- the PLSS
vould bo loncer. It is alco based ou^o dcvfi«n-.'^^^

^^5
althoush tho tisa

icfJiJuS'coSfbe
^tnntit. Of on,,. oon.«i .^rS; =-.t'rnSSt51S'?::o1^°Snnn.
requeued. Due to'^voMclo^coSwrftiS^S^"^'^^'^^ ® sindlar EVA would bo
r. desxrablo and the P15S vouid S S ?
®''^ rnbiUcal would be
fiE •-ration woald be porhaaa 10-35
^
probably ccnoiotius o* haadholde and riii
Addittcnally, r. t^alkt.'sy,
scroGo tho entire lorgth of tho coi^±s^lo^
developed
of E/Ariri-iU
So
P-!&gt;teo
ri:;o Oithor tho Dr. MuoH^or
« EOtivity is, orflcr to
Ito root ohviof.s Kthed of aoins So iT^o j™ ".nfisoraiiono orootloal.
nu tho noceocax^ natch rcouii-c^onto"^,

^^ZlZ

Attachc;cat ^5

�/ .

O

•

DEN OO6232 (11-62)

ZVA

9

FOB SHIFT-CHANGEAUELLER COHFIGCRATION

Hlnixnim
Time Costs

Activity
Don and Check Out Suit
"

•4

filter and Secure
long DnbiUcal

AL, Connect

^2 Costs

20
10

Depressurize AL

3.5 lbs

Open EVA Hatch
Traverse to IM
filter m. Switch to IM Umbilical
Monitor #3 Traverse to AL
Secure IM Hatch

ID

'

5

12 lbs (DmbiUcal
System loss)

ID
2.

Repressurize IM

15

Doff Suit and Stow

15
91 Dlnutea

6.9 lbs

22A lbs

Developfflent Requirements:
.
•
»
.

150 foot DmbiUcal
"Clothesline" Traverse Rig
IM Hatches for Multiple Usage
External Lighting

CHART #1

^

�o

0 ^ t66232,t1I-6Z,)

CREW SCHSMJLE

EXPERIMENTATIOH

1

1 WATCH NAP

EVA

n

SLEEP

SLEEP

0

2

^

SLEEP

EVA

X
6

8 1 0 1 2

X

X

X

1d

WATCH

EXPERIMnfTATION

WATCH

±

L

•4

tVA 1

KAP

SLEEP

X

X

X

1 ' » I 6 I 8 2 O

2 2

2 ^

X
2 6

2 8

3 0

J
3 2

3 4 J 6

Mueller Configuration and Alternative 1 (3'* hour cycle) - l8 Hour Exporinental Shift

tXPERIMQITATION

2

SI.EEP

ATCH

E

SLEEP

^ATCH

EXPERIHENTATIOM

SLEEP

ATCH

L

X

X

X

X

0

2

4

6

8 l 0 1 2

X

X

I

I OPEN

ATCfl

WATCH^^SLEEP

OPE» jEXPER.
X

X

X

WATCH

X

1 i f l 6 l 8 2 0

2 2

2 %

Alternative 2 (24 Hour Cycle) - 6-8 Hour Ibcperiaental Shift

CHART #2

I

�THE EVA COK^UTina PSDBLEH
Pogo Z

Md eiDlInr activitico. In fnjperiod the iiidivldiu 1 vdU ebtiiln
Zh bouro of nlccp altho.n^ It would not be diatributcd 1
^-hour baoio. ^ala cycle rey vcxy veil rot bo practical from a lloT
^
®®'® ccaaideratioa cucfc as this ci;ot
*?
coafigurstiono r-ractical.
The cocond
of Clwrfc ^&lt;2 soroly indlontos that la th® rblrt-oieoro
^ Altcr^to ilZ ccnfiguratioa, it is -pooaible to wori a ;iorBal
o-hour day; 8-hour olcop cyclo.
f^wbaj.
Chart #3 providoa a r^r-aiy of opsrational differonccs botynoa the
throo confasxiraticno for a 7-dry mission^ In ordor to nal-:o tho KncLler
c^isuratiou and the Altorretc #1 corpotitivop tboy aro both barod on an
Ib-hoi^ cxporincav vork cchcdulo as coapai-od to on B-hour work cchedulo
for Altcmsio s^Z. Bf.ocd on tbia prsstce,- there ia no scrioua pa-ralty in
t^e available for or-pcnrscnts between vaiilona config-jratioaa. Howctrer.
thoro io a rajor difforccco ia tho aurbcr of EVA»3 aiid pr« est^isation
cjclco required by the Altercate ij^ and tho othor two coalinuratlono..- If
tho work schedule is changed to a 12-hour oicperli^sat duty cycle the iju-lbcr of
EVA s Involved in the first t-wo configurations changos frca 18 to 28, and tha
aur.oGr of prooourizatioa cyclca chrPees from 10 to 15. At tho onso tino. the
amount of cino availrJjlo for experijcsnts crops to about SG hours. Althou^
tno txne available for AIH crpericoato io not greatly different for
Altaraato ^Z,
I

Another feature choaii on tho eurcaaxy chart Is the feet that tho tins
required for the crcv to rcatcfsblo into the CSH for ccGrgoncy abort is
conoidcrobly loca for tho Alternate ^ corfigyrstioa. llhowieo, tho chart
chouo an.orrdcp of ranking due to tho hazard of ETA. Bccavso of the fTcat
ni^hor of EM'S required for tho first tuo ccnfigurations, there io a conoxdorablo spread b-t--.:r.a the number ono rating of Alternate j^S and the
oocond and third ratings of tho other configurations. Another factor in
this rating io the fact that the EVA at the cad of the work shift id.ll bo
ficccoplich.-d by an. astronaut who nay already be hi^ly faticuod cud aoro
prono to accidents.
Ono pln.co on tho chart ropresento tho relative crow vorklcad for
Mcccbl^g the basic configuration. Tho configunitica i?2 would be acconplicsc-d by a relative norcal Apollo dockljag maneuver. In both the Dr. Mueller
wd Alternate #1 relatively complicated eijace erection techniqueo would bo
involved. Horo again there is a wide spread between tho #1 rating and tho
comparative evaluation of the second and third ratings.
In GuiEmary, from a crow operation point of view, thore ia a caior
bailee ia favor of Alternate ^ coafigurutionc Between tho Dr. tfuoUor
Alternate j^^l there is little choice. It would appear
that the ccmautxug problem is easier for the Dr. Mueller coafisuraticn- but
the probloa of tho original structural build-up would be somewhat co«»'
difficult.

Attachment #3

���OTHBR 17//. CO?:SI03?JVTXOIiS

nVA cyclea and ducatloa
To Reduce crcu workload to realistic level
Insure conpatiblllcy with support equipment, I.e., life support
ayatCD, caneuverins unit, A.L. hatch seal
Reduce o.xygen required
By Opclmltlng E?A procedures
Eliniinatlng tasks not demandlns direct Vii,twiqTi input
Siaq&gt;lifylng required EVA tasks for mlnicaun crew e:;erticn
Insurins cocpatlble hardware design, i.e., cascecce fartoncrs,
iiandJ.es, tethers, controls
Insuring optimum equipment Location for crev aecesstbllity
Determine 5T7A support hardware requirements
Including SLatilisatlon hardware
IhuiGuvering oquipiscnt
IUvrnlnaticn requireircnCs
«
Data cnsoette/crnw tethering harduare
Data cassette protective equipmnnt
Casratte attachment/detanhmcnt Cools
Airlock hatch actuation toolc

Sy Idoncifylng ajohility, dexterity, and visual acuity requirements
for ea&lt;:h task
Simulating critical tasks to develop optlmua procedure and establish
support requirements
Analysing available support hardware far application and coEpatibillty
Identifying AIM interfaces for crew tciherlng
Dctcrtiinlag ATM data cassette envlrorjiintal lltaitations.

�cj-vj-.z/oycCem
By ••

durlog EVA

«

E\-nluatln3 AT^l/carrier attitude stability oodoo
Analyzing crew cquipcoafc failure wodeo
Coternininc eonpliancc of AXH eyptora with applicable hiaaan enalncarinc
critcfAa and avallablo Gcmini/Apollo data
Siiaulatioa of critical casks to insure reaccnablc notabolic loads
EctrbXiehins safety procedures to be undertaken in the event of an
ejr.crgeacy
Datrcnnlning ACS conotrainto on crewoan
Insure crew/nisslon cosapatibility during EVA
By Scheduling EVA for maximum operation during orbital light side
Schcdiilias EVA during orbital perioda poesecsing mininun hazard,
i.e., HKteorold shower activity. South Atlantic anomaly, solar
radiation
Scheduling EVA during periodu of minimum mieaioa operation

��AHAixsis OP csm camusmTnyss
MlSSICai 2U/212

SEP 14 196S

�TABTJS OP CCKTEiTrS

BTTHOljirCSIOn
Mission OETECTIVIS
MISSION FUGEP PROFILE &amp; 0PERAa?I(M3
EXPI21B5ZNP OPERATIOnS
EVA E^UZE-IK® REQUIBESIEnrS
CARRIER RECa-WEimATIOES
CGRCLGSIonS 3s RECaM&gt;-IBil!A!riOK3

�Sunxiry
The anolysij of missico objectives, flicht profiles, spacecraft
operations, cxpci-lmcait considerations end opcratioQS, and, carrier
coapai-iscos for Liisoicn 211/212 is presented with ccnclus'lons and
reca-asendntlons cs related to crcv c^naldoratioas end optratioas.
The C3M/nc:'l/ATM offers crew advcntac«33 not available vrt,tMn the CSM/
LEl/AlIl confic:tu*ation. All ezipcrimeats con bo cccomplislicd with a
reduction in the quantity but not the quality of desired infoxniaticci.
The mission will bo trying and difficult for even the niO£;t MgMy
motivotcd astronauts.
Introduction
The jiurposG of this study is to 03Cf;rtaln, in preliidnary form, the
operational constraints end potential problems associated with crew
participation during the mission. Fnctox-s considered aro mission oV
jectivo, flight profiles, spacecraft opei*atlcns, experimnnta cparatlona
and carrier considoratlcai. Conclusions and rccaumendatians are included
for xiso by technical personnel.
There ore many factors that can have an Influence on crev ciperaticaia
during orbital or lunar missions. Some are very real, and can be evaluated,
Willie many are qvdto nebulous and are a function of an individual crev
member on a specific flight. Many in tliis category can only bs ovoluated
at this time by Intuition and opinion, with little or no firm facts to
substantiate the conclusion. Many of the opinionated iti^ms nust await
actual Apollo flight experience before real answers are available.
Therefore, this study will be revised and upgraded as more and
better information becomes available.
Basic crcv considerations must be evaluated for two categories,
i.e., Intra-Vchiculor Activities including all spacecraft operations,
hcusekceping, personal hygiene, and s:q&gt;cTlniant operations; Extra-Vehicular
activities. Including all preparations for external spacecraft cad experi­
ment operations, crew and cargo transfer, c:cternal maintenance and re­
pairs, and emergency operations including astronaut rescue and retrieval.
The crew represents the most fleoible system contained In the space­
craft. It has a demonstrated capability of rapidly adjusting to the
situation without severely effecting adjacent systems. Dual or triple
redundancy Is incorporated depending upon the number of astronauts
present. Adaptation to limited and restricted operating envircnmcnts
has been rei&gt;eatedly accCTplished with selected personnel in test flights
for years. Eowcver, flights have been a relatively short duration limited
to a few hours, or a fov days, in the cost extreme cases. Since the main
objective of AAP Is the extcmsicn of luanned space flight function, eveiy
effort must be exerted to increase tba ccanfort end working conditioas of
the astronaut.

�MISSION 0EJECT3VES

crct; consideratiors

�4

r
Mtjjton O'o.lcc&amp;lx'a
The objective of Mission 211/212, as specified by HASA. is ns
follows;
'
1. Conduct solnr astranotry observations using
es^erlmezrt sensors.

ircunted

2. Store cnrrler-AT2I in orbit for subsequent rcndc-avdo and
reuse (see tUssion 213 - Lamch CSM into rendezvous orbit,
coplnaor 'rfith carrier ATM from Mission 211/212),
*3. Conduct rendezvous oxparimc-nts totveca CSM and corricy
Vehicle for lunar rendezvous problem analysis early In
flight program.
Observation and zacnoureoent of extended duration space fUrJrt
effects on crew mnmbors,
*5. Conduct synoptic weather and mapping photogi^by cjcperlmeat
using CSM as espsrliuent carrier.

C
» Objectives not supplied by HASA.

��A,

Mission 211/212 - MISSION PROFILB AKALYSIS

o A
doecriptlon for 211/212 as deocribed In C-2-2n/212-2
9 «i&gt;"3t 1906, forna the basis for theao ccmmeats as to obe relAtlve
dcslmbillty of various possible miaslon profiles for Fllclits 211/212.
TABLB I
msslcn DeaerlPtloaa - 212 Firaf. launch
Method I
212-LIi;i (ATM)-Dlr. inj. 200 n.ol. circular
211-03.1-Dlr» inJ. 120 n.mi, phuslnrt orbit
2L1-.CSM dock •.d.th 212 UM
Ccnduot all e.^ei'icont8 In 200 a.mi. circular orbit
Ccamonts; All ej:poi1m^ts vou-lcl be conducted at 200 n.ml. Altitude
LF/
^eter tb^ doslrGd. It may be neccssa.'y to separate
LKi ^ 0^.1 durirs ATM experiment so that more than one exneria-at
can be ccnaucted simultaascaisly. This method is rated #4 for crew
ccnsideratlcn.
Method II
212-LE-I (ATM)-Dlr. InJ. 200 n.ml. circular
2^-CoM (RQck)-Dlr. inj. 120 n.ml. circular phasing orhit
211-Conduct mapping expcrriments
2L1-Transfcr, rendezvous and doci with 212 lEM at 200 n.ml.
Conduct AI2.I experiments
Commits; This launch and orhitnl coquence is rated #2 and pcnnlts
E^lmum utilisation of ths manned vt?hlclc at both the 120 n.mi, end
200 n.mi. orbits. Furthermore, If the LE-l must be separated frcm
the CSM during the ATM cacpariinc.it, separation time fmd distance can
be ^^mum (5 miles or less), This is required in the event the LE-I
tt^t be abandoned or cn oi-bit short is required. It should bo rcalizea
V Ii.
^snnod LE.J, when separated frca the OSM, brs no orbital
rendezvous end crow transfer mist be acccmpUshed by ^,he CM prior to aborting the orbit. Therefore, a ciinned
f
c
i
r
^
d e s i r a b l e c c n f l g u r a t i o n e n d s h o u l d
oc avoided. In the event this eonflguraticn is rcqvirod, the LEI
crew is placed in a very hi^ risk situation.

�I-tethod III
212-LE:I (A'.v:-L)-Dir.inJ. 200 n.ML. ci.rculQr
2L1-CSM (nr.elO-Dir. inj. 100 x 200 a.mi.
211-CuM i;i-2n3no30 rjid. dock to rack
211-COM (Rr.ck)-P,cadozvou3 witk 222 7JSd la 200 n.ml. clrculer orbit
2n-CSM imdcc]: rack
211-CSM deck to 212 LS-l cad troasfor two (2) crewmca
211-CSM vadock 2:2-LS-l
211-CSM dock to rock
211-CSM (Rcck)-Ti*an3fer to 120 n.ni. circulor
CcEduct roappins o:qx»rlEent3
211-CEl (Rr^k)-Tj.'ca3fer ead readozvous with 212 LEM
212-Ln-l crow (IT/A) i*cGovcr rack data
2U-CS-I undcxk rack
211-CSII dock to 212 LEM
Cczmcnts; SMa cequcacc Is nnich too con5)licated cad places oa uaac-cessory risk oa the 2-naa crc-w o? the LEI at 200 aoini. cad the CM
at 120 aoml. This ssquencs is highly laiticceptable for crew ocfety
la the event of a LK-l failure or orbi\&gt;al abort.
^tcthcd IV
212-LE-: (AIM and MarFplns)-Dir.iBj. to 120 a.mi. circular
211-CSM-Dir.iaJ. 120 x 200 n.mi. phising orbit
211-Circularize, rendezvous and dock with 212 LSI At 120 a.mi.
Conduct all experimcats
CSM/ISI transfer to 200 n.mi. for LSI (AE^) storage
«
Corx^nts; This, method required lamcccssajy orbital changes by the
manned vehicle, Sxiggest 211 CSI-I direct inject into 120 a.mi.
phasing orbit with lE-I.
Mochod V
212-LE'I (AS!d)-Dir. InJ. to 200 n.mi, circular
211-CSM (Eack)-Dir. Inj. to 100 x 200 n.mi. phrLq^-ng orbit
211-C^ transpose and dock to rack
211-CS!'! (Kack)-Readezvous with 212 LES'l in 200 n.ml. circular csrbit
Transfer tvro (2) crewmen ty E7A from 211 CSM to 212 LEd
Conduct ATM and mapping eaperimants
211-Cad undock rack dock to LEd
Ccmrasnts; This method requires transfer of the craw by E/A and
undcoking frca the rack by ths CM prior to dockdng with the LEd,
Again, it veold appear that more time than is accessary would be
spent ly the two cre^mien in the LEd with soparatlcm from the CSId,
Not a desirable cocdition.

�Mothcd VI
(ATTO-Dlr. inj. 200 n.ffi. circular
Sll-cni (Rcclcj-Dlr, InJ, 100 x 200 n.iai,
2ll-CG:i-TrQnspo3e and dccic to r:ick
2.U-CS-I rfadcrA-ouj with 212 LE-i zi 200 n.ol.
Trsjiafcr two (2) ercwxa to LE-1 hy EVA
an-CS-i (EccJ;)-Tr3n3fcr to 120 n.ai. circular
Conduct uapiplnc c-^ipavliccnt
"^o.^OO n.El. ond roadezvoua with 212 LEt-l
LTL-I crew recover data (Fv'A) frca rack
211-CSM undcck froa rack
211-CS:-I dock to 212 LEM
reecnreiy of tho two cwowtoii
4
5
I
n.ai., CSM at 120 n.mi. Tb:
method is not accejftable for safety reasons.

Hlssloa PoaerlT^tlons - 211 First
l-Icthod I
^ n.nO., itolns orbit
(A!Ei'I)-Dir. laj, 200 n.mi, circular orbit
n.mi. and rendezvous with 212 LSI
211-CSII-Dock with 212 LEI
Conduct aU ci^crimcnts In 200 n.mi. circular orbit
This sequence is acceptable for crew safety. However,
tac 200 n.mi. mapplns orbit is not desirable when 120 n.nl. Is
preferred. This method is rated #3.
Mothcd II
^ ri.Toi. circular phasing orbit
)^®*)-Ccnduct mapping and weather crocrimeirts
oH**^
n.mi. circular orbit
211-CSIl-Transfor, rendezvous and dock with 212 LBI at 200 n.mi.
Conount AIM esporlments
Co^cnts: Tills seqv.eace is profcrrod from crew consideration and
^lers better utllizatim of e&lt;^imezit than Method n - Table I.
This seijuence Is rated
from crew considemticn.

�J'f.thccl III
(Krj?ls)-Dir, Inj. 100 x SOO n*i!il* pbsslng crbll;
ail-CSM-Tmnflpo?3 oad dock to ztick
212-IiEJ (A'iM)-Dlr, inj. 200 n»ai« circular orbit
CU-CS!I-Uadcck r3ck
211-CS:!-Dcck to 2J5 LTSI and transfer two (2) crovcsa to LHI and
conduct /.Ti'l c:ncriacnt5
m-CSM-Undcck 212 ISI
211-C3t-'-Dock to rack
211-CSM (Rr-clO-Tronsfcr to 120 n.ml. clrcxOor orbit
211-CSM-(Rr.cl:)-Conduct rcairpins experiments
211-CGI-!-(Rack)-Triia3fer and rendezvous 222 LSI
212-LE.I Crcv-Rccovc-r rack data by EVA ,
211-CS-I-Undock rack
211-CSM-Dock to 222 LEM
Cp^f.nto;_ Tills ssthod Is too cccipllcated end prefventa rapid racoveiy
of the u^l crew by the COM, i.e., lEl at 200 n.ml. (SM at 120 n.ml.
Totally unacccptablo for crow safety.
Mathod IV
211-CSI-Dlr, inj. 120 x 200 n.ml. phasing orbit
212-LEI (AEI and Mapplag)-Dir. InJ. to 120 n.ml. circular orbit
21l-C3:l-ClrculGrlr.e, rendezvous and dock with 212 lE-C at 120 n.ml.
Conduct all e^crlments
CSM-Lni transfer to 200 n.ml, circular oiblt for lEJ! storage
Co^T^onts: This scQjionce requires •unnccessaiy orbit changes
the
in order to rendezvous with the LDd, I.e., Cai 120 x 200 n.ml.
LC-I 120 n.ml. This method Is more ccmpllcated than necessaxy.
2'Icthod V
211-CSM {Rack)-Dlr. InJ. to 100 x 200 n.ml. phasing orbit
212-IiIiM (ATM)-Dlr. InJ. 2C0 n.ml. circular orbit
211-CSI-Tran3po3C and dock to i*ack
211-C3M (Rcck)-F.eadGSVou3 with 212 LE-I in 200 n.ml. orbit
Transfer two (2) crewxea by E/A from CSM to LBl
Conduct AIM and mapping, and weather experlicents
211-CSK-ltodcck rack and dock to lEi
CwEnents; Thin method requires jT/A transfer cf the crew from (^I
to LSI, and undocMng from rack prior to docking with LS^. Appears
to be unnccesseiy, conc'lic&amp;'tc'd and time ccaisumlng If abort cf the
L51 Is required. Sot a desirable sequence.

�VI

SU-Cfw'I (R?.cl£)-Diy» InJ* 3.00 x 200
phcolng orbll;
211-cr.l-Tro\ij3po3C» JiTKi do::!: to rack
212-U2I (ATi')-B1j*« IdJ. 200 n.iai, circulcs* orl&gt;lt
211-C52! (Pv';rl:)-Rond02Vc-ao with 21S LEI at 200 n.iai. orbit
(2) crcv.7.:.n to 212 LF^l by EVA and start A214 c::pcriacirto
211«CS!-I (Raok)-Tran3for to 120 a,ml. circular orbit
211-CS:i fRrok)-CcvnaE.ct mipplns csxpo-rlmcnto
2U.-CSM (Racl:)-Traasi'er to 200 a&gt;mi&lt;i cad readezrvouo with 212 LSI
Lri crcv recover data from rack by EVA
23J.-CS'-Unclcck froia rack
211-CS:i-Dock to 212 LSI
Cc-rr-ents; Totally unacceptable due to co.':c)l£Xity and orbital
rci-m-aticai of manned LE-I cad CSM, i.e., LM at 200 n.mi,, CSM at
120 n.mi* Dot a deolrablo candltlcax.

caicLUBicn
Table 1
Method I
Method n
Method III
Jlethod 17
Method 7
Method VI

i?2
Dot aceeptablo
Requires otra
corbital cbt-i^es
Rcquirco EWI and
cornpllcatee
emergency
Dot acceptable

TeCblo II
#3
^1
Dot c.ccaptable
Rcauires extra
orbiial chc'eges
Pequirca EVA nr^d
coaplicatos
emergency
Dcrc acceptable

Table I lists tha 212 launch first folloircd "by 211 (manned). Table
II lists 211 launch first foUowad by 212 (unmatmed). At this tino, uo
cen state tiiat It is preferable to oeccroplish all rendezvous vith immnimsd
vehicles having a passive rathc-r than sn active role. TfcGrefoi*a, the
unmenncd 232 should be placed in orbit prior to launch of the mannad 211
80 tnat all Dnnojvcring is porfonncd end ccntrolled by the crevr vchi-clo
(during its poxfcrcd phase). This is preferable frcm safety and pfcyclological reasons in that the crev is actually initiating and temlnaticg all
povnred maneuvers and can tal:o abort action in tha event of a coHicion.
Furthermore, the pilot has the plysiologlcal advcntaga of asoui'ing thTt
he has ccn^plete control of the powered vehicle and con utilize his Judgment
OS rcq\ilred. Therefore, ^AlsrQ the choice c::i3ts. It is always preferable

�to plsce tho unEaonGd vehicle In or-bit prior to the Inunrh of the n enned
vehicle? or In ths event the arjsiiGd veMclo is la orbit, to pla-- tl s
^ f
.-nd P3rmit the tnsnn^d vgMcIo to
Inltloto o povr3rca phase to accorTOlish the rcndcsvoia. 3aocd ou theea
^yr^.1^3, the first choice frcni sn operational poii;
u
Mctaod II of Table II as described belov:
^
circular phealns orbit
mapplr^ and weather expcriiaerrfcs
200 n.jnl. circular orbit
? I
' rendezvous and dosk with 212 LBl at 200 n.ml.
Conduct Ani ej^ierlaents

B,

OEERATIOHAI, MJIHEUVER RTIQUIRGIEnS (mssion 211/212)

r.f

^ forcGolna elLosIcci profile, tha folloid.33 is an analvsls
nancavera rcov_lred to perform the mLsslL ^iSS
recard to ®^sriiSwat ccaisldezatlonad

FnrOK; 21-1
1.

Assinna velocity tilnmins and ffisncmvcrins
is performed by S-r/B until
separa-.ion. SMa includes orientation for tknspositiS Ld dcS^.

2.

Tra^positlon and dwhins (starl;
+X axis fcn.'oid and opprcximtely
in the trajcotciy plane, +Z axla vp) ~ hO minutes.
^
a.
b«
c.
d.
e#
f.
g.

3«

Add 2 FPS forvrard velocity to CSIi,
Perform I80® pitch maneuver.
Roll - 63°.
Subtract 2 FPS forward velocity#
For final docking, assume 15 mlnimtm pulse cyolaa of
ECS control axes.
Eotate mated I'chlcle 180° (place +X axis forward).
Jottlsoa S-IVB using 3-IVB ECS.

During the rack experiments operational phase of the mission at 120
n.mi., the following manemrcrs are performed m a
basis:
a,

EttJ alignment cnce per day. (X axis unchanged, rotate +Z axis to
+30" above horizon, maintain fine mode stability 20 minutes).

�b. Uavleationcl clchtlnsa tvico poi» day, (X axis tnichoagccl, rotate
+2 axis to local vortical mil por.ntcd toward aarl-h. Maintain
fine node stability for 36 ninutco).
c. Anoaiae the str-i-t up and stoi&gt;plni» of alx barbecue nsncnvoro x&gt;^r
doy. Asauae c 90® yav or pitcli i-oallGav.rnt frcai nonral fll^
oUgnneat to the bai-bocuo at.&amp;lt\\ile which orients the Y-Z plane
tei^ard the sun (+20®), EstnbUsh a roU rate of 1 to 2,5 revo­
lutions per hcur obouc the }: axio. Aseur-.e driiil.iig mode oneo roll
rate is obtained. On stoppjns, i-etum vehicle to original attitude.
In preparing for the orbit chrnge, Uie *Z axis is fonrr.rd end appradLantcly parallel to the local horizcrrijal. Ihe -Z axis la down and
epproxteateiy parrllcl to local vertical. Obtain required ^ V
using SM idln CTiglne,
luring orbit
a.
b.
c.

transfer perform the following;

One
aligon-.c-at (Ssc 3a).
One navlGotlcnal sighting (See 3b).
One midcourse corrtjction: Assuaj correction of 10 fps.

Cli'cularlze orbit using main ffll engine. Adjust X axis about 10® In
pitch.
Brcrp RACX.
Rendezvous with Plight 212. Use Qi-HCS for following maneuvers:
a. Adjust velocity total of 60 ^&gt;8.
,20 fps In fine incremants),
b.

Lateral translation of 3 miles»

c.

Vertical translation of 10 miles,

(tO fps in coarse Incr^nents,

d. Assume 30 mlnlsnna inpulsc Qrcles of each ccotrol axis.
On a daily basis, the following maneuvers are reipjircd.

(Same as item 3).

If the I^/AIii is undecked fcr experiment purposes:
a. Plight 211 will be tho target vehicle for subsequent dockings.
Assume fine mode stability in normal flight attitude for 20
minutes for each docking.

�n
b.

FHchfc 2U vlU ettttlon k.^op oa Flisht 212, i.e.,
a
poaiticn abowi 1/2 rile below aoS vlthin 1 to 3 itiles aft.
(Contiji«.o i*cciiilrer;c'-ts of Item 9 \^iilc 8ta{;ioBl::cplng), Poi»
caeb imdocldas, subtract 2 fps oca then eajust tc achieve
station position.

H.

At cccroleticn of fUcbt, rotate corablnad vehicle so +X axis Is forward
and slow CSM (Plljj-it 211) h fps rjid translate down 1/2 mile to «-chlovo
aeiorotlCBi from ths LH-I (Pll^^t 212).

12.

Dui'ins the 8 hours prior to rc-entiy, cool tho fonara heat sliKld by
rotating the -X axis tovrard tl«: sun.

13»

For C-I/SM oepiration, the +X axis is rotated (50-70® above tho dJ.rEotloa
fllj^t end in the trajectory plane. The +2 axis la oriented to upward
local vertical.

l^^.

Entry starts vd,th the -X axis In the trajectory plans and rotatr'd
epproxifxrtcly 26® carthvoitl frcm local horizontal cad with the +Z
axis polnv-r-d awuy from earth.
Bote; Winlmum RCS propellant at start of ro-rartiy will be
pounds.

Fllrht 212
1,

Assume velocity trlDralng ond manf-urerlns is performocl ty S-rs?B vntU
separation. This includes oricnrtatlcn for transposition end dorldng,

2,

K tho tS'I remains docked there will be no maaeuvarlnj requirements
(the.CSl of PUcht 211 will cOso provide maneuvcrinc for CKG unloading),

3»

If LSI pperatcs undcclied:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Assume one dally H-OJ aligcment (See 3a),
Assume one dally navlgatlcml sighting (See 3b),
There will be no barbecue requirement,
For rcdccldag the LS-I will be the active vehicle,
1) Assume lateral translatica of one mile, vertical of cna mile,
and longitudinal of three miles,
2) For final docklag, assume 15 minimum pulse ^cles of each
control axis.

�c.

coTcifSKus concE-2ii;G Tins op^iy.iL'ioi'jLt. aspects (f Mirsica 2.u/2i2

Thl-s mioslon provides oovoral opblffial miosica proflloa, A rccomicndcd
profile haa' been Given la paa-asraph. A. Bualc mission nnacnvcrs arc all
slnilrj to Apollo reaulrcccato end will cnitall no nriW trainitiG cr cqvijsne-at
revisions. IMs is on cltcimatc AAP missicn and the inlsoion as descirlbad,
will ce-pler.-c-nt the dcvolopmeat of tlie basic Apollo miDGlon. The possible
separation of the LS-I for csctendcd ptjrlod'j of c:^srlmont operations Is
undesirable and will bo discussed lai^sr in this report.

�o

GF^9!\SI0k5

CREi-f cc3sm:niv?TfiTia

C

�t
E^cpj'rjlracat Oporotloni
sade:

c

Prior "to Mloslcm 211/212 analysis, tba Tollovin^ naansiptioas vare
a.

A CSII/Rack (211) in a 320 n«mi. circular orbit for a total of
13

"b.

The l^Jth day sprint vlth the C3M trenoferrinG to a 200
ond rendezvouainfl and docldos vlth the carrier (232).

c.

Tho carrier (212) injected directly into a 200 n.mi. circular
orbit after the launching of 211,

d.

The carrier spends 13 dtya in a 200 a.al. orhit.

e.

The 28th chiy spent in CoM-caxTier separation and CM re-cntrj'
maneuvers.

f.

Six mcnlxours of &lt;-:q)ci'iinental time avallahle on the first day of
the 211/212 mission,

orbit

g« EiGht hours/day/mau are available for (3q)ei*i3neat3 (24 manhoura per
day).
h.

The one astronaut in the CSM durij^ CSM-ccrrier eeparaticn, viU
not be c:^ctcd to perform €:;^er3Jiionts,

Tho preceding asaumptlons indicate thnt thcsre arc 294 coxhocra free
for experiment time during Flight 211 (low orbit) and 208 ircnhcura arailable
for carrier (based on 2 men) exqjcrlmjatatlon. This totals 502 nrnhcu's,
A thorough onolyaio of the candidate cxpcric:.nt3 reveals a icivuireacat
for 659 manhovcrs, including such expcriaeixt-rolatcd tasha as alicamciifej
spocecraf-v attitude holds, un3toirf.ag and setting up cq.uipmi3it, EVA prepara­
tion, etc. It is obvlcvs that all these cxpcrim-ints cannot bo operated for
the desired time because of the deficit of available time (859 desired
cj^ierincnt time mirma 502 available eapcriment time = -357 manhours).
T&gt;i^ 055 cjgjcrimfnt times can bo brolan doun as follous in Tablx: I.

V '

3^

�TcbXo

I

All 3 crcwaen
ncc(io&lt;l

^Zwo erevmm
ncsded

One croua^n
needed

1^50 maniainutee - 13th day

616 maaairnrtca - daily
lot - 13th day
26 inamiiinc^ico - let, 7i;h
&amp; 13th dey
c:onminutcs - dally,
15th - 27t;i day
600 Kfamlnutes - l^th &amp;
l£tb day
232 manmimrtcs - 17th •
25th day

367* - dally, 1st - 13th
day
180' - and - 8th day

720 manminutcs - l6th day
900 maninlnutea - 27th day

170' - 3rd - 13th
903' - dally, 15th - 27th
d;^
10» - 17th - 25th cUy
120« - 15fch, 17th, 19th,
21st, aSrcl day
60' - 28th day

Inr-'jrnueh do -three
are avollahlc for &amp; wpviTmiiT^ ctf 88O moainlaiites
oa eny givtrn dry ( of -fiiGht 211 ), there appears to he no nausucl prohli^a
in performing
"of the oMperlircaifcii retpiirlnc three men. The ;jc?.vy ragjxlremcnto for all three ei-cvnrca on the 13th, l6th and 27th d-iys of the mission
sharply cmtoil odditional c:qjer3.ma.itatlon on those drys- Ihc remainins
tlir^ allocation oa thc^so three doys for the rcmainlns c-Aiv nzoabera io as
follo-.ra, Txra msn available for a rmxlimrfl of 520 Daniuinutos.
Eurins carrier operation vhcre only tvo men are c/arllable for
c:q)srir.cnto, it Is estimated that there vlU be
rrrsainutes available
for two men and 200 nianteo available for one man. K can be seen that
the 139ft manmlaute, doll-/ (l5th - 271;h day) requircmcato for two moa,
cannot be net. Iloroover, the daily refi-iairciasnts of one
for 903' per
day (15th - 27th day) cannot be satisfied.
It should be pointed out that e:q3criiK-nt3 l-Wll, 14022 and KQfjis have
no In-flicht requircnonts. 14005 and MOO7 were combined for purposes of
ecir tine study. ^-012 uas ccmbincd, in part, with MOI7. I-K&gt;19 is also
coribincd with iK)12. The FvA rcqulromcnts of S005 and SOOS were combined.
rVA rcqulrcaBoats for S016, SOI7, S018, SOI9, S020, S052, S053, S05f^, end
S056 were also combined.
A total (rf 16 E7A's, requiring 97«2 uanhours were prescaitly required.
Experiment SOI8 takes 5^
the manhcurs for EVA'a related to micrcmcteoroid
collections. All these EVA hours Includa tbs pre and pcst-Fv'A eetivities
OS well as the actual EVA tine; The longest period of ZJA outside the
spacecraft is three hours.

�(D
rExpcr^nto SOO5
SOO6 vill bo flown on mebfc ru end wlU
rcoulrs a I50 inlnufco EVA
on oatronrcafc apendlcc 30 r'inu;:c3 ouiside
tl^ c&gt;rXt collcctlcs film ccnnlstois frcaa tbo raclc. liuc activity
It ntjccaoniY to ccrry ono F13^3 for the EVA irorloir end 01,0 PISS for the
Gtcndhy in tba cvoat It is nccosaaiy for him to rcscuo tho LVA wor:ser«
There is ccricus donbt if the C/l-l can ctow tvo Pl-SS's, It mDy be aecesofuy vo pi'ovldc tlie stcndty an 'mbllicea., hooked into the C/il ECS
lone cn^h to allow reccuc oporationo. Another desirable cpnrc-'a la
to do the basic EVA by means of en unfblllcoa, Foi* EVA emcursioas
tho
carrier, it is ooomred that two PTSS's vrlU bo ovailable and that the
carrier will have sufficient rcauprOy cranaoditlcs,
Tho f
EVA wherein all the iVE-I cJtperimsnt packecos ore to be
rcti'iovcd (27th inissloa day) should not bo undertaken until the CSi
has docked with the carrier, thus utllialns a full crew of throe aitroC&amp;tluO«
The followin£5 ei^crimcnts inrpose the greatest time diaipoT^/^c m tha
Apollo crewEon:

C

M012
^M020
^005
esSOOo

-

50h
270
180
170

Honnlnv.tca
I'uuminutcs
Kcnminutcs
ilanicinutes

per
por
per
per

toy
cry
day
doy

-

drys
deya
dnys
dcys

2-13
2-13
2-8
2-12

)
)
j
)

Plight

•*3018 - 270 I-iGnainutes per dry - days 15-27 (EVA) )
**3019 - 538 Manmimttes per dry - days 15-27
)
•*3053 - 193 Mauminutco per day - drys 15-27
)
SSA • iyi
!f^
15-27
«S05t&gt; . 5i5 I-ianntnutes per day - days 15-27

)
)

Fllg^rt 212

«

An additional factor which has a serious Impact on tho accctnpllohEsat
of euoporirairts is the night and daytime experiment pperating requircaGnte.
The e:^p^i-3;nt3 above, marked with
can be done in deyllf^ only; •those
marked '
con bo perfoimed only during the nl^rttime,
A glance at the estsbiishad misoion timeline shora 90 manmlnutGS
oU-CTtted of exercise time. Inasmuch as M012 requires e:'"ercising m the
ergcmater, these allocated 90 manminvtes could be u-cillscd for performance
of exportnant M012. Moreover, the set up time required for M012 is 60 '
menralnutes per day. If the ergometor can be left in an asscsiblcd poaition,
this would save en additional hour of tixoc.

1!

�c

Ccn-t'rcJ. Ccnc.Tvnlon3 anfl Rogccxicndatlcma
A typical" dry of lUsaioQ 211 ^ras timalined in texina of e:spei*lmontcl oporaticna and frm thlo tlmvline tho foUoulns conclofliona and
roc cfor,gndntiona ware evolved;
X,

Periods of Watch xost be uf-ilizcd to occonrnlich the c:;porijacat8.
Tho duration of »,'atch poric^ vhoroin tho crcCT.an can he e.wsy
froa bio watch otation nrst ba ercbcndcd fra-a 15 to 20 minutes.#
Otherwise, experiments reqtdrics I7 and 18 mimite continuous
ciperatlano will have to be re-evoluated.

2.

Astronauts miat give up po-tlans of ttelr sleep, nsps, nci-ocaial
lygiciic and lunch hours in order to schedule the ej^jerlments.

3. Dally o::poplmcnt participaclOTi by crowmon will bo as follows;
Pilot
ITavigator
Engineer

- 319 minutes
- 395 minvites
- 36I minutes

h.

Eu^arlmznts requiring 30 continuous minutes of saqjeriment craoj.T'.tlon
can be pcrforiKsd only during an astronaut's standly porlof.." Ihis
means teat c:y crpcrimant i-cqulrine 30 successive minutes can bo
pcrfor.r-^d only once per day per men \-nlcso it is all right to
repeat the some eciperircnt within a men's 3 hour ctendTy period,
Experimarcters should tiy to arr£mge c:&lt;i!crlJn3nfco so that thmr can
be porfonsed in 35-20 minute inororarrts.

5.

Eccauso of the great demand on crowmen's tlma, it will be naccscniy
to set up appoi-atus for cxpcrimairt "X" end do pert of that expcri* mantj while this apparatus is still set up, it will be ncccsoexy
to se-t up apparatus for cuorerlzrent T" and then perform sera of
that csq^oriciim.t., A complete caa3ysis of space problans need to be
undcrtahca in connection with the csperimant timelines. (In other
words, available craw time alone docs not give ics a realletic
picture of \diat can be cpkimaUy nccccrolishcd within the C/li,)
The value of simulation cannot be over-stressed.

6.

Though the mlssion-sssigned experiments can be performod curing
Plight 211 within the allocated tirus, the C/H will be a busy end
crowdad laboratory. The aaditlon of e PCH to cany soas of the
exp^icontal apparcrtus would significantly r3.Ueve this ccngestlon
problem while saving a sizeable amount cxf time. The inclvalco of
a EC2i on Flight 211 vcu3^ allow the crgjcrimcntnl aK?sratuc to he
Initially set up and then left in an assembJad position. If
experimsrrt apparatus for Ho. llOOk, WQ^, K012, MOlB and 1220
could remain assembled, the nstrcmauts would face a more realistic
time schedule.

c

# 15 mimite watch period \33 rcccnnsnclod by I'Tcrtin CoBsajay m "Cre^Qperaticas Eequiremonta" dated 10 Aiypist 1965.

�7*

It l3 Intcrcotins to nots tiuit once tb© typical mission tl^rollne
of events \ms ccnplctcd for FUx^lvb 211, there uerc a Diais!rm of
3^ hours for tbn three crcsnren por dcy on aa iiidlvichtal bnais.
lOnly one icna free) Tliis cucsenta that O3&gt;orim;ntcr3 should
look very closely at the car^Erincnto to detonnino vcys la which
e:-7/orlnents could bo cccdac-bcd by ctio person, rather than on a
pair (subJcct-ezptriiKater) basis.

^ «, Jf«allx-d etperlmc-nt cpei-aticns data for mssion 211/212 con be found
la Table I. The fcUoulns cocxeats ^ply to the Indlviaual espca-lmeate
^dilch present problems:
1.

KOOl^ - This e^erimeat req.i^lre3 17 mlnube time Inorcccnts. HeccaECiia 17 minut-e avcy«fr(x&gt;vorlc ollot.'ancc diurlnc astronaut's &gt;ntch
periods.

2.

M012 - Thouch the annVsts have requested this experiment to be
repeated three times a dry, it is reccmmonded tjrvt it bo done
only tvice a dsy. Tho oajj' moans of scheduling it three times a
Stbla ^0 ^1^
appuxatus scb up permnnontl;' - cn improbabllllgr

3.

M020 - Bequlrcacnts for this 30 miaxite caroerimenfc incividr- its
®:c^tica tvrlcc per day on all astrcaau-ts. It io recoscrnded that
it bo per*Oi-flcd only once per day. Otherwise, it inroosea serious
schcouling proolems.

4.

SOI8 - At tliis tine, this c:^parimsut reqj^ircs one 135' IVA per day
fw the orientation of nicrccetcorlte detector plates for a total
of twlve days. Reccmmand that:
' a.

Tho number of FJA's be halved, or

b.

Means of rcmctcly reorienting the plates be devised, cr

c.

Detector plates be positioned so that visual inspection con
be made from within the LEI, thus possibly cUninatlng the
need for 12 EVA's.

5*

SOI9 - Ccnpletely imreallstic rcquircnont for cons-taat sur/oillsnce
ly on astrcaisut during all dark-sldo orbits. Reccanncnd tbjtthls
tine demand bo reduced by 75^, Or develop an automatic device
capable of meeting &lt;u^&gt;erlnieDt objectives.

6.

SO55 - Requires two cstroaD.trts for a tottil of ^h6 minutes a d^.
Reeenmead ttot this rsojiirciaent bo halved.

1,

SO56 - Ells ei^^orlmcnt requires 320 hours of Plight 212 time,
Incliiding spacecraft orientation. On a 12 day flight, this means
ten hoars a dcy are to bo devoted to this one e:q&gt;cilmsnt. Reccsmsead
that the exporlmaafc be seriously analyzed to determine if it is
worth this Each time. Reduce caqoerimeat time by at least 75^,

�.

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O A 4*
B Q O
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SXPERIHEICT

ln»rilght HionocardlogrsD
Blo-Aeeaye Body Flulda
Calcium Balance Study
In-Flight Sleep Analysis
Human Otolith l^inction
Cytogenie Study
Bcercise Ergometer
nioraclc Blood Flow
Vector Cardiogram
Hetabolic Bate Keasurement
Pulmonary Function
Red Blood Cell Survival
Microbiological Assay
Antl-Q riastic Qarment
In-Flight Nephelometer
Space Suits + Lunar Exp. Hardware
Synoptic Terrain Photography
Synoptic Weather Photography
Trapped Particles Assyatetry
X-Eay Astronocgr
Hicrometeorite Collection
OV Stellar Astronocy
0"/ X-tey Solar Photography
Apollo Telescope Mount
White Light Coronagrapb
High Resnlutlon Photography of
Solar Ataoaphere
X-Ray Teleacope {21V215/216)
Ultraviolet Spectrometer
Intensity of Solar Flares
gpectroheliogrephy in the EDV

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��For o;-:p2rlnu-nt3
S005
Is ncodcd (In C/JI-Fllchfc 211);

MOO6, tho following !27A e&lt;iuipacrrt

lunar SpiaCQ Suit Aaseabl^ (3)
C'A
(2)
LCA
(2)
era
(1*2)
•PISS ( 2 ) and spores
Al-dJ (i) and spares
Aim P^iol Sijpport
20' Tcthor (2)
EVA Visor (2)

)

Boaed on

)

iVDay Mission

"^If only ono PLSS can "be sto"/ad in the C/M, the standby crowaon
will need a twenty foot nmbillcal (hoohed into tho spacocraft
ECS) to perform roooue nisoions if necescesy. It may also bo
possible to substitute 75 foot itabilicolc for the PLSS'o.
For experlcants SOI6 and SOI8, all the following EVA equlpoent vcwld
bo transferred Into tho carrier (Fliglat 212):
TI-IA
(2)
LCA
(2)
*C\'!Q
(11*)
FLS3 ( 2 ) and spares
A^^J (1) and spai*cs
Al'U j\xGl Sunport
20' Tethers (2)
EVA Visors (2)
*31och U Pressure Suits (2)
•Portable Light

)•
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)

Based ^
ll*-Day Missieu

*19 additional C^vG's will be needed to "bo carried into orbit by
the carrier. (2) Block II suits also to be carried by carrier.
It should be noted that a handJiold system must be developed for
crcwrnn stability at tho work locations. Morec/cr, if an AJS3 is not used,
a handhold ^stcm will have to be developed for crewman transfer.

�o

CRsw con3r:rPMV.eio:3

CARRIER Ri:CO:.::-u-ro\TICTiS

�Crev Ccnslflgratlcais - Mlsaica gl?./glS
Tho cdcctlon of Q carric:.' tajod aololy c© crow con$idcra'lilons lo
on cs^ircaaly dlfflcwll; •took. For c.-ftng&gt;la, -fcha aMUly to iBa5.ntaln on
otation for a pariod of two vcate ii tha Gcelnl has bean dcaonotratcd In
a ain^jle flight by highly motivated astronavrts.
this particular ease,
tba accccmliohmant was a chaUcngo of e slncolar feat rathor than a
routine occurrence. Tho tread today is to incrccae the vorKLoad ccd tho
nisslca duration scvei*al fold in a spacecraft that is so/crly restricted
end limited for a I'f-doy mission. Wo mart accept the rojulto of tto
Gcsninl end tho initial threo nnn Apollo mlsslona as islnliim E;trada"da for
crcv/ habltabillty and ccaaforb and attcagJt to iarprove thcsa standards for
tho AAP missions.
Habitability
Environmental paramcrSors are not a consldsration for carrier tradeoff
studios in tbat the cabin atniospherci idH be maintained at 5 + .2 p^i
normal, 3^
cmnrgcney end prior to BVA egi^ss, 100^ orygonV relative
humidity from hO to
cabin toapc;rature 75 + 5*^ aad &lt;5ebln dicoldc not
to excc^ 5 millimeters of morcuzy for nOTngil operation end 7*6 mn. Eg
maximum*
Crew Comfort
The LEi and AIEl rcpri&gt;3cat3 a total iMressurizcd volnr:c of 8o0
with
a vorldng space of 122 ft-^ for two ni'ai* Weiste disposal end storage, food
and sleeping facilities are ninlmiaa end sized for o 2J&lt;-~hcur mission with a
reserve tlmj of 2k hours. Eor-iaii crew operation requires suited astronauts
that may'or may not be prossurisod. Fccal collection with two cuit-id cramcn
in tho LE'i would be very difficult. The ECM on the other bond, vlth
356 ft3 of pressurized volume with sepasrate waste focilisies, offers more
privacy for waste collection. The cppoz'tunity to brcalc the routine ccn
be tc3;en advantage of by utllizins the movements and tasks esscclated
%7lth the food storage end preparation areas. In addition, the necessity
for the astronauts to move around within the U".! is vciy liralting* TIis
actual operation of the vehicle is acccngjlishcd from tho craw statlcais,
Tho RCM could be designed to parciit mora moVGmmit of tho crow which is
certalniy dcsixablG on missions of 2U hours or longer.
The ability to r-aaovc the pressure suit for shirtsleeve cperatlon
oiid for personal lyglene, is highly desirable for all Apollo Applications
flights. Equipment and space for shaving and cleansing chcuid bo provided
for dally use. The IE&gt;I can be modified to provide this capcbillty for
a two-man crow. Pressxxre suit opieratlcao, including EVA, will require
suit storage, and ability for crew to inspect, clean, and diy each suit

53

�prior to storcoo end use. iluy siilt&lt;:d opf^rafcion vill require both oxiw
moT-jbcra to be la prereviro otdta so
tho dressing ond denning of the
salt, rcaovol and drj'ins, will probnbiy ;-ciiuirQ the utlli-Eatioa of all
avallablo free prcssurited apace. I;o other taalts, ecporimcats, or pro­
cedures nofually will ba ecconqjllohcid imivll the suits nr« stored.
Internal arrnngoiLcnto, Includirg proturberancos or £:harp edges, must
be ccOTr.tlblo with tl-jy ncveatsnts oact aotlcoa rcqplrcd for two astroaeirts
to adequately accomplish all cperatioas regplred with th.'&gt; auits,
ModlfIcatlcma ore required for alsoJ.ons that require separation a£
the U::-! from the Ccrmend Modulo for periods in excess of Sh hou.i-s, A
seven day rcnnned Lul separated from the Ccancmd Module wz^.th a t\ro-ir2n
crow, requires fccal collection and ston^go# vxine collection and storage/
dump. It is rcccavrcnded that (sclnting food storcge end juaparatica bo
cnlnrced to include a preparation a:v^. Perocjial hygiene f^ilitics
should be modified to Include provisicms for body and dojital clcannlng
and shr.vlcg. Shirtsleeve should be normal operating modt;. Chnnge of
clothing cvoiy other day, or threo changos for the seven day mlooioa
are minimal roquircncnto.
The LEI has ao^ provision for sleeplTig other than napping on stations
during the normal 2h hcnu' mission, hhca awry from the OoTsend Module
during a basic Apollo mission, tbo nrsw is crrpcctcd to
falrlv
BCtlve for the 2ij. hcji.u' period. no-«T.vor, on a ssven dry nlGcion with
the existing ci-ew station restraints, napping on statlcn-c cannot be ex­
pected to suffice for sleeping faci:'J,tle9. Provlslcas for uninterrupted
sleep for a miainrun of seven hours for each crew member la^at bs provided.
Similarly, this feature mast bn retained in its existing form In the
EC31, or suitable facilities provided.
The Conmnnd Module aoncally provides the
crow caaforfc reqoiremonts including a "gallsy" for food pi'sparation, and separated waste col­
lection and storage facilities. It would appear ot this time that the IttM
cculd have at least the same capabilily as tho CM. In fact, depending upon
the •Ission, the available facilltlGs could be euqpondcd to provide additional
crew comfort.
Craw Safety
The separation of the experiment carrier. I.e., either the lEI and AIM
or the ECIl and ZiE-I from the Command Module, represents an extremely high
risk sitv.atlcsa In that the ability to abort from orbit is delayed until the
crcv is aboard the Ccmmssd Module.

�6)

Ths ability to ecrcso froa the Lr:i tlira;3h tho batchss In tho eiroat two
mm ore conaif.tia^ eiqiorliucats, la (UiTicult end tiying ^indnr noriLtJl coadltlocs. Es-jreoncy cgi-cos of two {Vitroniuto Siid trcnsfc:.' to"
to the
^ preferred to roadozToaoing end docldLng, providing
the Cli is ^-oondicg iry, Sio ECJI eoiUpped VTlth the airloc"':, cpprrers to
offer M crislcr egress than thrcn-ii the tmmol aystoB on the Ul-l, Tm
airlcc.: can ccccr--aodato only one astroaa-rt at a time; ho-^evcr, the opening
dimensions aro considerably Inrger end more accocioodatln'j to the evltod
ootroaaut. Escrgcacy egrcoe should bo quicker and less
to tho
astronaut.
ability to provide assistance to a dlstreasad astronaut
dm-ins
or crcv transfer appeni-a to bo easier and milcker fToa the
RC4 airlock in preference to tho LEi hatches.
Retrieval of tho disabled astrcnaut through the airlock probably can
bo ccc^Uoh^d with less difficulty and capenditure of energy than through
the hatch on tho IS.I derivatives.
"
Conclusions
n».ri I-S
.
conilr:^n.-Qtion for tho noraiaL 2h hour mloslon,
and tho abinty wO incorporate addicloc-al crov hnbitabillty, confoit, and
s^c.y rccalrod ^or a seven dry misolon, a revised LG-I cnn be dcsifncd to
^ccmplish the i^sslon. On the cthrr hand, the fcatur-es alrerdy available
w
Module, nodlficd end cxpsndcd in the ECM, ccabined vith the
3
an ^rlock, certainly pi-ovldes a safer, more hnbltabillty and
coaiforfceblo configuration for a two-man crew on a seven day mission.
«

Carrier Chice - Ist, ECU;

2nd, LEI

�c^cmrasj™ E^&gt;?.fimy?ron3

CRBtf CCE3IPKRATI033

�V
4

Connliislono cind Reenwwi/;^^3^.^^ons
mont ccjnaidoStioaa^ Sa°cSrl2'coS^°^ spscccrcft operations, cxpcri~
Prccnt^ OS relate to
^
LE!/Aa:i configuration.'^
CS^VJ^CM/Aril or with the CSt-1/
cecoii^lisbed i,^tlUn the mlosiok
Pi^oscntly defined ccnaot be
times and rcpoatabiHt^ ^
opezatlng
the niosloa could preuce voluaWo
oxporlmcnts,
me^s,^^Quantlty of o::perlmental-dntf^f- ^.^^-1-

inrtopoildait

f

^riSSS™-

ssi? LT? —-s

ssSi~'/•~
\.

presents a vc^
siSiS^'^rthQ^ caiTlc-r for seven d^ys
event of nn emei^eS^ Invoi^rn^^^i^S^ abL^
^
^•psnmcnt comer roust soai-hw tiansSr
^ crewa=fl,.ln the
Cororond Modulo before ro-entuy Prcccd^Ss^aJ'SliSrS''''^
^
alccpiyat'S^^vS^^'
iJito tho LHM and are asaiKscd part of the ROI.

«incorporated

•££'?^.iSSSS-.s?S~=-^i~
O

s-?

��CRE'.v C:":V.T*Oi^S IJD l'-3b"IE^TS
'KE^lMJNAir

•1 A-VjTJiiT if-6

Approwed
(i. A» fiotUji,'

/

f^r9M Operas .ons, AAP

�CKD/ (iPBoATJO^;? R£.;"^^;7^S^-TS

YAHLE Oi CON" :nTS

Human Factor SoqulrciBcrta
Cperational Scqutreraeffis
Astronaut Training
Crow Equijauent Data

�a.

Miacion AS-2C'jA, fjC-012 Cpacf?raft Oijorauioa Ri es

b»

Aosusip fc '*.oin,3«

c.

Espcriaent Tallot Opp'-a^Aonal Conat.-.ilnt, fi5-3/?!AA;

d.

NASA Jftttort P0H/0]3VL~l3« datfd j5 L -Tairjajry .19£;6»

e.

NAA tntercal latter, 692-80't ^50-66-')17, dated 2 Fob;.'uai7 L^6,

t.

NAA internal Jitter, 692-3cA-050-66-020. dated

g.

Design Reference Kxetnotic LE7)~M0-l2., QAEC, dated 50 C.tober 196'».

h.

Apollo E.;i.a.ncioa Syeteaa - LC-5 Phass- D Fxae.1 Se,,or:-.. Vol. 3V,
dated S
1965«

i.

Apollo S-;t£-ns3on Systems - LSI Hiasfj B Final Remrt. Vol, TTI,
dated 8 Deccrrber 1965«

J.

Desj-gn CritorJa and Reference Data Jfcindbook for Uv&gt;ar- Stpleration
Systeasf Vol- II, NASA, li'ir.tsvllle.

k,

Systea A'^alysis Sxtnmary, Part II, Na\ SID-65-15;1&gt;-.2, dated
29 Dcoeaber 1955,

KOTS:

HAA«

!C101

Febi-Uery 1966.

bliore appropriate, the l«iutf'- de »igcatiwi of tb© souree reference
is placed by the psi'agraph nuBflsev",

�r

X.O

HUMAN FACTOR PS^UIR&gt;^-?}TS
1.1

Scop**

Theco requ-trnraents applj to cqui.pfj»cit and warl: p.i.n^o which dlrcctlj
affect the flight cre&lt; durtn^ Intr?veh1ruJ-ar Ar tivUJos (IVA) and
Extravehicular A:5tlvit5ea (BIX),
1-.2

Purpopo

The primary purpose is to eptabldoo spcclficacionc for the equlpsenv
ouppLiftr and AAP design and tticsios plaanlng g"o"o.t, Tu is an ohjoc
bivB to tnaintai-T. st.nndordizer-i.on with the cr.le .ir.g Apoiio svotem
hardware,
1-3 General Reqti^"roT.anta
1,3Ipplementatlon
iBplcaeu^at-ioA will be ucrorplichod through decdgn roviowcioterfac© docuocrtation, oni -confiyirtttion copvrol.

l,3-»2
f-

_Equ'prerit. Slandqrdtz^At'on
EquipRonl coaf'.guraticn ehojld be sini:ar to certstieg Apollo
flight eqalpmcnt BO thti ere.- will require minlinal special
trainingc

1«3®3

Equtp«&gt;ent. Deslgrstioa
/

'

Bquipe-ent will be named for case of Idnitif-iration by the
.crow rather than no confom with sciectt.o.r custom or
academic precision.

1,3&gt;^ Exceptiop-s to Specific Regvirrpcnta
Exception to specific requlcements will be made by reference
to the general requJrci'.ente,
la3»3 Supplenonte to Sreclflc Beg ji rcmentg
Vhen a des5gn requirement is not spccif.cdc typical Upoan
2hglneeriag practicfs will no followed, Tho following
docunentB are recogrlzed as authoritative in coating good
Euman Eogineering dfoigas

a, KtL-ifn&gt;-13036 Zk April 1962» (rriL-STD identification
Marking of U.n,- FP.'.tn , P.roperly.

G

b. KT]&gt;STD»^3A 1.
c, HII-SIi&gt;-803A-2 (US/if)j 1 Dcrcenhcr .I96'i; Rirt 2.

d. HIL-£1».12B, 18 Kay 1959^ (AhbrcvJal ionc for use oi.
drawings and technical type j.yb Ucnfcion.n).
(£&gt;•?-

�NPC-^CO~lj 18
RTid ^{SC S-ofp" wont i^l, :?ev . B,
26 April 196i», (Ap')Llo Con^Jsun-Jlo" iiir-imi).
MC-999-00'J7. 15 Septcraijer 1952. KAA, (Grrcr.il CpcclfiCQUoHtiaan ahcincering Seelgo nrltexlo fo;* Sfooecraft Syst©a3),.

�'•

•

•*

Ami PtfYSlU/iL PJKTGii HPXfJ^ !.-^?4r:r."".'^
- ''•1 P^ro-il Cr-.'-ti-.a
3jyi» Crr^ir'a
Cj)

Tfie 6£bo cf -be cr^wrar ahalJ. be wdfhii: the tpj'jjc froi
5» to
pc?)i-.'aMon ac ^iven bei.ov.-

y^GTRONAin' STZE Clfr'fI::n'A
Mcnonreracnte*
IIS.TGUT Fn02l FLCOR
Stn,ure
LVo Holghtj Standing
t.cr.-it-ale
Crcrch
Foot Length
Foot Braodth
bpper Anu Langth
Forparo-IIand Icagrh
Hand Lnngih
Cheat Braadth
Wa.'-St Bri adth
Hip Breadth
Wrlot Brcodt-h
Forc-nro to Grip Lcngih
FuQciional Reach
Eibow VJrioc teagth
B"ihev;-Raot Height

66,30—70.9'3
62,1/V.6?.O5
56,'? —6'4.„25
30.31--33.79
lO.C:-11.25
5,70- i?..52
11.85—15-59
17.i?—20.39
7.2:— 7..83
n.3-'—12 80
10.53--12.'?8
12.7':--:'A.33
2,2?-. 2.'I8
13.1 &gt;-1'? .56
29a:-.5J^,.hi?
10.8 j—11,96
7.51—iiooa

69.25
59.19
32,92
10.-56
h.07
•5.57
.'8.'t9
7-'?7
12-33
12.36
13.88
2 &lt;35
-?3-67
31 ;i2
8,99

DEFras
Ccc-ot Depth
Waiet Depth
Bj-^cok Depth

8.3?—•
7.M«— 9,92
8,«»2-^aD,55

8,95
9-2?

SEATTD nEASBREHENTS

^

Sitting Height
£?© Height^ Sitting
Head Height
Kr'ee Height
E2bow«EUbow
K'^ce-K&amp;co
Shoulder Breadth
Rip Breadth
Buttock-Knee Length

35,00—37,67
29,21—33.5'»
83—5.6?
20,r .—22-83
16,97-~20;20
13,31^-15^51
17 51 ••-I9.IK)
15^30
22.03—25.63

?6.il
Jl. 36
5,29
21,8.5
13,90
lV,8S
18-91
;iij-58
23.9-9

�'"A •• ' c?r"r • i-)

Kccijiureae'i le*
HEAP
lOEgth
Bro-vcii-.h
Cli^unforcnce

8.35
5.71— 6.1'f
aa.Ofi—25.70

7.^3
r&gt;.26
22.7A

55.3f»—'!l-53
28,8f.—3i?.''0
36.2(&gt;'~38..'f6
21,0^^—2^
15..2&gt;-18.07
13-.9'' -.16.77
.Qif
l2.0'/.-.i5„27
30.7f^-ll.8l
6,5"-.- 7.52
9.13
12.00-13.5&lt;»
-I'f,5'.'--16„06

J3.5^
5U93

CIKGUMFiSEHCE
Choal:
Wnis"
H^.p
Opppr Th '.gh
ij&gt;wor Thjgh
Calf
Arvkic
Bictpa (Flexed)
Foitaro
Wl-l3t
KatJd
WaisI; Front
Haf.et Back

=,0
vilie
1'&gt;,1j6
.).o8
15,10
IL,39
7,03
8.7/

y,i.S3

isj&lt;5

LlfIiV3
%

Vertex to Seat
*A1X ficasureacnta

&gt;.8a-59,oi

37„7i»

ia Inches
Dloplr»y and Coatrol IcnM'.lon

(J)
Control pot^ets and £i.iop".ays shall be so located An
respect to tho cre*&lt;?can''o restrained oponttiag oto'-Jon
that they are wltWn the noriial reach dint-ance of a 5tt
to 95'^ percentile Pnn, This fucctioral ans rca'-b dietaacp \a defined 5p tho foliowlcs tahle,
PfiOoX Xnyorte should be constrained betveea tiere Units
but noiT'.illy clo.^er to •:iat defined by the 5a percrntile
cret7r:.-&gt;:^. All controls will bo adapteblo to efricicoi.
opora^'ofl Jjj eifjor c)i»r»s of preecr.tro of esilt, PraleiKlnary Ita-tJi-- Cfper^aertol tiata indicntos n tKsxinuro forvard
rea-?fc of a 5&gt;2 pereentiJo cian in a epnce cruit Is lens than
17,0 inrhfis.

(of

�nsiGHT A30VE
SF^T IW
-_jNCHEs_

mmi

0

15

30

'if.

et)

V5

90

105

u&gt;c

17.^!
23.9
2?..6
29-3
23.9
2S.3
25-1
20.3

IC.5
23.5
23.0
30.0
30.0
29.3
2S.9
21, :t

19^2
25.8
28,S
30.8
3U1
30,0
2G,9
22.2

19.2
25.3
29,1
30.7
31.2
29„i
25.7
ZO.k

21.0
26.5
29.5
31a
31.5
30.5
29.0
24,5
16,8

21.0
27.0
ro .0
32.0
32,5
31.5
29.0
25.&gt;5
18,0

22 „0
28,0
53-0
" • T

22.0
27,5
50.5

2if.5
29.6
&gt;a,i

Zk,S

Sib I-'arrr&gt;zt.! !•» (Tr,)

«6
0
6
12
18
24
30
56
42
48

•

.
17,0
19-4
21.3
21,6
20a
17.4
12,7

*

21.5
22.9
23.4
22,0
18,7
13.2

25-5
25.4
24.9
25,7
20.2
13»6

16-0
22.4
24. 9
26.0
26,4
26 &gt;4
22.4
36.0

17.9
25»3
27,0
28a
28.0
27,4
23c9
19a

SOjbPorcflnfclle fin.)

.

%

23,5
25.8
26,0
25.2
25o0
.19,0
iao3

3.7.5
23.0
26,0
27.0
27,5
26,9
24.5
19.5
13.5

•19,0
24.5
27,5
29..0
29,5
28.4
25.5
22,0
15,0

20.0
26-0
28,5
30.1
30.5
29-5
27,0
23&gt;0
16,0

33,0
32.2
30-.0
26.5
19o5

•

r

19,5
22.5
24,0
24.5
25,6
21,0
17.0
11,0

0

^6
0
6
12
18
24
50
56
42
48

32.4
30=0
26.0
19,0

PnrccntlTe (In.)

S

0
6
12
18
24
30
&gt;5
^•2

48

22.7
25.1
26.6
26.3
25.9
24.5
20.8
.35,4

21.6
27.2
28.7
28,7
28-1
25.7
25.5
3i;..3

?.l„2

Z2A

25.5
28,7
29..8
.30.1
29.4
28.1
24,6
18.3

27-3
29.7
31.2
31..L
50,6
28.1
24,5
..8.2

2? 5
2B,6
3\a
32 5
53.0
31-9
29.5
26,5
20.&gt;

34.0.
33.3
31a
27,5
"

30,3
33,.2
5'»&lt;6
35.0
3U,-'i
32.0
29-0
21-9

25.5
30.5
33,5.
35.0
5s,:i
54.6
52.7
29,7
24.^&lt;f.

35.1
25.2
&gt;0.5
33,5
5sa
y,,e
&gt;5,2
55.1
&gt;0,0

�PrcL'r-.ry

i j 1 tv

Th- eq.j*i)0.;nt «. f I !)» il'- j)gnycJ
pr^•8a•i^^ ctfit
The fflt-Ml-i.iy

e-^V.ecvjvliof

jjiy ea-'Apollo

do-a not pi-OJid;? fM'fldof
The raflge of raovonnnt
ar.d fr gure 2-1.,

v.-^ i-ju.a'v. *i;,;, ,b-

pr«s«ntnd
of

-i : Fiiiinri- H-l.

nir,r.k.'l',

pjoTomeji

in «nic!&lt;iar'.scd

a6i.)

In all asco.
In Table

RRiDTREMENTS ^'OR THE mrE^™Y flODT
&gt;.OVmE?iTo IfiTRAVERICUIjlK AW) £.XTRA\ vfllCULAR VDH. AT 3,7 PSIQ

A«

NSIK M0311.TTY
Flex-:on

'forward-! ackwsrd )

'

&lt;^0

Flexlca (loft-r.Vgh-)

^

Rotation (AbdU'-tion)
B,

SHOHLDER 1KBT1.TTT
Adduntlen

^3

Adbuctlon

225

Lateral - Medial

jjO

FlpjdorEKlencion
Dcwn-up
lateral Rotation

55

Medial Ro'-ation

C,

1

ELBOW KC«rLTTT
Fjexion - Ettenoion

D.

J55

FOREARM K0BTLTT7
Supination

(pairs up)

150

Prooation (pains down)
E.

75

WRIST KOBILiry
Flexion (Adduction)
Sxtoaaion
Flexion

(Ai)d'ict:ion)

(Barkward)

Extenoio.n (Forward)

55
• .

35
50

(x&gt;1

�scvf mohilit:

OF J50VEMEHTS
( fN Dro«EES)

HOV&amp;iEJ'TrS

'J?RUKK •• TORSO KOSfiLTTV
Trunk
Torso
Torso
Torso
a»

Rota^'Jon CAdbuci: lon^Ad^luction '
Flexion (Ini-.oral " Modlai)
Flexion (For^'iard'^
Flexion (Bs'^kward)

HIP MCETITTY
Adbuftlon ;leg s^' cai.^l)
Addnction (knea beat)
AbducMon (knos beat)
Rotation ^SitUjig)
lateral
Rotation (Sitting)
Hadial
F.loxioti
Extonoion

H,

'O

30
35
30

30
V3

35

KHEE kOBTLITY
Flexion (striadlng)
Rotov/'on (oedial)
Ro^,?.-..lra (lateral)
Flexion (kneeling)

J.

.

70
50
80
25

120

55
35

160

AFKL'-; riOSTLTTY
Etctenelon
F'jexioD
Abduction
Adduction

kO

50
y)

�•

SPACE SUIT ASSEMBLY MOBJUTV
PRESSUSlzeO. TO , ^ FOlO '

�Any f.rca rrjqulrius any iBinlrul.-.ttion ?rd/or
r&lt;&gt;adou^.
of an InatruTcnt by a crew racbor vrl l.,i bo provided with
poi«l' vrt n-aos of crew restraint that will cctirol both
trojie-(atlonal nnd r;&gt;ratl9nal Biovrmenrla^o2.2

R* t,rr :tr.in&lt;^ Drvji-oo
Rt.r.tminloj; devleeo will be provided at 2WA work areao aod
Jn Qro.vo ro.-juJring -.-row troasDntioBal no/enwii. Acceptab\
dcvie cf 1nr bide•
""

developed EVCT haoclholdbe added)..

(Ujegraa to

b.

Velcro Pads - Conditions to be oidcd.

c«

P/indHolda •• Gritert i to be added.

d.

P;l.j,3n " Pr&lt;»l 1 CI 1 naiy ••?artin data indl-rato that rigid
ral)T ut.lH;'.»d for longitudinal tracslatlooal
should have .i re^rtaiigulvr crossosection 7/8"
wide X l-l/'J * deep and be olovated 3" above
tao .•Jd^accut yvrfare.

e.

Tc-'hors •• Conditioa.i to be added.

S

1«4«3

AeseroibiV ty
fi-ncl

Openings - (P-reU'iinary Ke.r'.in Data)

Ihe else of any op'jnlPg reiuli-lng the mut'»d sntronaut to
rrnoh in wi.th oo^ bnnd ipint be nt le-^rt &gt;&gt;'/-•' «;
v&lt;t&gt;'
ivi handa« at Iflinl BY/^ high x 25" v&gt;Mo, art! if visual
viewing is neces isry, t'li opooing w.sv b t 8" wide x 11" big'
for one am and 23" wldo x tl" high for -mo atns. SJoce the
suited aoti-onsut h.-s li ;;le feel rapsbil'.ty, vis»iBl capobll.ti;,
will gansraHy be required at any accoGO panel- All edgoa f h
projoctlona near the op-riing must be rc-'-ided eo ao not to
puncture the ^a'te cuit l.-4»3»2

Typo of Dcorn or Ponela
A door OP ]«asel optnirg outwnrd should hive a a. ilhcd for
8eeur.ing ir the open po'iltlon. Lnvmrd opecing coors oust
not trap the 3m 03 sfvii ....ocft during rr-at-ival.. Freo v.ypo
panels rauet be provided rfith
a positive 'Jraao of s^-owase
adjacent to the area and located so ec not to intefere wlVii
srboequent work activity.

lclf.3,3

E/A Pntch Sizes
(To be added)*

�Is'j.-'to1 G .•';•• t", 1 1
w
linttc which nun! hf tfio% «t1 rJjcll he 'rrovlded wUh lift poAnxe
In T.ine v/itli thf crntci of rarr,, Tiie wricht of the ujj.lt "
chslL be ffarkfd
on the •'Jiit and tho ccntor of nana shall tr
Ador,;.-;fied if it it. noi coinddent uith tho goffietrlcel
cpn-T. lioto ,-ba7.l bf hnajoned to poinit Ttr,joval and r-- •
ri:-&gt;i; wi'lh one hoi''d ur-df i- .TJmJ.tod vl;jibiUty coodiUons. i
aboli aJJdo into pooifci C'U and be concfcrwotod no that nliyr. •
mem is icpoasib le, Ur ;to chall slide ovt of position to • •
Um tc and rhall be ret rved froffl til'.* sujijoriiafj panel or
b.y .1 ranof- in tho dirt ftioa of reanval at the ritop. Dnl.
fhil., be prca'ided vdth ritanda or rR.-.ls J'or moc »/hrai out opond or aclc. The uui i will have no piojoctioBOc coble/; r
other tr.onrfcprap-ces whj th Ts--3\ b© v.'afivcd whl.l&amp; the unit x-j.
belli
Thr. syeten "ufil; Tot present j:!jorp &lt;«!ss.o or protrud.?
boyord lh&lt;? surface of t ho panel or rack whoa tho unit is ro'.
in xhe operating positi c r .
l.kA^2

U n i f G&lt;iyv&gt;r6
ly •?"""*?" "•
«&gt; 'owe ':hcy «. b,
or
r^oveo Kithout iootrurUon or tool.-, out oSall be p-ovlded
With a method of Btor&amp;yt .

C

f'iont! f 'rrj*ipt&gt;
To p-evont confkcten, f c-nponenta to be removed rhould be
rd.or rcdod or othrruder oLiirly IdatiHfied d.tff&gt;reatly
f en the c«!|icnent:? usee as repliice;.:cnft"..
Sau pmpnt S:-ae /-nd W e ' y h t
Hsximum s.\se for novoable cqu'i'saent is »fci.! t--.jr.i
Bf.sjn
O r b i t a l TVA
Oibiiral EVA
Lutar TVA
I?jnar SVA

Voif^ht

(TO BE ADDS3)

Fasteners
Grnc--ai
Mount .ing faateTfTft ahal ? rrquirr r.o too)o and shall be op^^n-V tb either batid. When a fastener io net see^ircd, th-io Bacu.l.d be obviars on JrspcTEion^ Fasteners to be latchcJ •ualatobod ditrior S!k sb&lt;'.fld not require an opcn.-i.ooo rpac-- v
xorcce De/fl ^yr.cv faolv ccs art uufatiefar.rory siace ihey cquirc rluward and rotaiJcnol Tir®'S/-TTtj srrh'''oh cioo'; b&lt;&gt; r^nct,.? i
ccthcrao
'

O
l-^o5®2

Fr.e-c.nor Pfrriorj
T- 1

�O

1-5

TI.U'filtlATTO'.The estcnwl r-blonr Ught co^di. Ic-ns f &gt;r the AAP ttlaaicA
«vll vorr frota
apnroxi«atoly rcro ro 12.2^0 foot t.vndi ,5, Secauao of the colllmted'notrrof thd Tishtv excfine contxa^n between Urec.f.ty ngl-.tort -traae end iboea 1ciLauov 07&lt;]Rt be exfjcotcdo
1.5 =1
- Cn^lndlns aroaa .jc^aaslble oy EfA la
u&gt;
whuh data recovery. «qulp,w;H c'lmgea, adjiiccrawCc, etc.. are
com cnplatod)
a.

AabionJ lllumtna&gt;.ion 'ox-els .i al.l arsao requlrins ary visual
re.oronce by the aatronaut sHtll be adjucmb?./! wlthta the ran:r&lt;
of 25 to 50 focn -.tQad Leo,

b.

'.•.'here cabin windous are prov ..ted the jnrontRl bt-ightaess ratio
eball be nontrollnble to ra* vos ?paB than lOrl.

c.

Light sources shall be of a 'li.ffuso type.

d.

All inrifcotora and panel are,..e ehnll have nn form nmbieat
1j gbt coveragu.

©..

L'ghc Gonrces ehaU bs e^ran,;-.d so thoc che vieidjig acglo
of the vicaial worlc ar^ja is n-.t equal to the onglo of indidence
f.roa the oouroft»

C
la5"2
&lt;j)

•&gt;

Work StcT-lcn tHuaufTvitlon
Tho general requirements for the mumlnation of wrk stations ai-e;
a.
'

le5»3
(j)

O

No light aoureoB visible to 'he operator ( i v noraal worlting
pooltioas)o

b.

Anti.-gl^re coatod iae'^nnjent &lt;-over8..

c.

Bulb rcplacoiBoni. froo the fr-jit of diisp1.!iy ptjielf no apocJai
tools r.5quired»

dn

Sharply defined irmatllnolD :ed narkings ret'U-ible vhen vlevcd
at any angle up to 60^? froo noraal of the display panel,

Brirhtncse L9re.ls ard Ad1 &lt;str!enf.&lt;i
Bo

For map and obnrt reading: n diffuse scitrce. oontinnouoly
adjustable to produce a hrig'-.tness level of 15 to 50 foot
latrborlSo

bo

For inetrunent. jiantls;
foofc'-levber^.B, whether

Co

Controls: allowance of nd.Ji&gt;*_-;-caat "for saparene ponel light eoM.T-a
to achieve apparent squa.i b.r-.ghtnesc.

do

£VA work areas:

brig . .peso level adji-jtable froi*. 0 to 200
.J.rated from external or iotcmal oo?irce/:

(To bo added)

7^

�!• I'lk'h(r.ep»

?.ii

vcH

f frrr
tc&lt; within:
a.,

5sl

b/'lVA.'n ti,-

h.

7^1 belwcf" the

'• '
• &gt;«&lt; ,n.'«

r, io» Jhould h, control

j ;..ri3o«lat(^ :r..r&gt;-»vr,.-;^hss.

.i/id i - jfliti'sr ini-tr-Jiiola..

c. 20;1 befw?ei5 Ihe '.it-jk jrct stj.. reraotei our:';jceit,
do '»0:1 befwseu a

o-ui-® .i, :! the oui'Viife adjaceat "io Ifc.

�c

1-.6
(J)

C07.0R CODTKCJ
'• .-houlj bo c.oiiip{it5*&gt;;i.c ^llh U^/AdoIIo
The appUcuble Tablon i-l acd 2-2 docuj.iin:-.ed in LlN "
5'iO-OOU of Z/WA, .»s changed c.t 6/3/64. are ohown
in the foUowing tables:
Ml..cd/,rds.

COLOR CODCNO (C0&gt; PONIJWl'S)
Ttf|TC
Tau

30227

Internal Kovoblo Stnicturr
(balch.s, access panela)

Ito Brown

5o:-.'to

Brown

20099

•live Gray

35189

31'Je Gray

351S9

Gray

35189

Restraint Straps
Restraint Structure
Kcstraint Upholstry
PLSS (Pa^lqvock)
Harness Straps PLSS

o

Fed. Std

Wal3a. Coiling^ Internal Stnict'ire

Floor. Steps, Wori S'^rlac*

c

Color

«bi te

37875

*bi te

37875

Cabling, Dixts, Internal

oajse as Background

Controlss Emergency

OpEi!g*~yellov»
&lt;• Black Striped

25553
27058

Docking Ring I^nnel

naite

27673

Glare Shield

'J iack

37058

Hand Grips

Tellow

25793

Hand end Foot LoTcrs, Knobs»
Control H-^jidlea- Son Illiua.
Push But fcono

Lt- Gray

Handles* Assist latch

Jatin Chrome

HCPR

Hardware* Instrunent Penel

-ray

36a31

Inotru'ioct, Indicator Hezole
Old Casct;

Gray

56231

Instrument and Indicator Faces

btitft or Black

37375-57058

�1.-6

"c-'Jrri.'irED

Color
Panola

y^l- S?d, 50^

'J .-ay

^231

tottering;

Wsite

37375

Sw.-.tch, Icvera, Toggle

Hatln Chroao

Koae

TeloB'opc and IMU

It-- Grcea

Z'iklO

COLOS COHiXSNlIfTS (SYSTE3I?)

xtrm

Color

Crow PJCTleions

-t,.. Bll'rt

Fed- Sl.d,

CosiRu n ir a t i ona

1J;«. Gray

26132

EPS (Elocti*lcnl Pousr Syaton)

Orange

ZZZk6

N &amp; 0 (Navigation 8t Guldarce)

Lc„ Gracn

Operat to.'ial TflGtniiDontatio'i

iJlne Green

25195

S &amp; C (£ ch?.lization &amp; Control)

'ellow

23793

Ecpert::c".t Hardware

-?&lt;'

�CptiBua panel ev.rfaco srenn r.houid be
unj displays.,

ur.-H\

for prloiity 3vbtj*s!.ea contrelj

With that enctpt^on, roD-.-N)lR ehculd bo

1)

£aoo of Operation

2)

Gequenee of Opera'ior.

3)

Fr'rqueacy of Operntion

k)

CoatroVOlsplay Rclatirn^'jin.-^

3)

Minimal Hnnd/lJiro Excuri'io-:

AecaLed for:

Autonotie flyatoms
with functlooa critical to crev safety shall have audibl
and vicaal warning sigcals ajid n-mwil o 'lrridea..
Controls shall bo decigued to prevent;
1)

Ircdverfcont Opera'-lon

2)

CrewTnaa Tojuz^

3)

Dofrage to Syaieci

All controls other than r.u..nd&lt;rd

Apollo

tcu.ipmen«

strata freedom from control --eve-ssl er&lt;-sre and

nl'all be tested to d&amp;TO

alia I t neot the system

precisioa requlr.-mer.ts with no more tha i one overahcot error and rwo unde^
shoot errorsg
l'7-l

Gor'-rnl IbOcr. "or Controls

(k)

The direciio" of norextat of the -control will ho corsJstert with tb
aovemcnt of rho conirjlied objec: or moving rortion of di^play^
Controls Bust be easily idc-ntifi.Viie by both^visinl scC 'actile ten
Because vleual cues are pr^inary^ iowovort the control arr.rklngc are*
ni?ot important coding method for ooaf:;^ol id^rtifioahioa..
%

All

eoDi.rGi.s will iiave two types of Inforoation Xaeatod px-oxinate r

the control —• idsntiflcaf-loa of the control funrl ion and raethod
control operat'on, vh-re r-«quirpl&gt;

Crebioed hmd

two controls on concentric shaft i for g'-ocs &gt;.nd flco 'nlj'.i
be naod only when cjiace limMati )&gt;s prohibit
controls and accidental oovcmant
hazardous cor/i.iUon.

of

coTf-^iV,
s'^

the use of ludlvidoal

&gt;r the controls will xot create a

When manual ixrfoxmanco rcqalrem:3ts are ouch t'm.t the rcni!;rollod
object can be adjusted in a lioi ted number of dis-rrete stops, dncea
controls will be uood..

When hlg'i-precirjlon iikTiu'pl ectflngc arc- rc

quired over a wide 'range, assitirc-tationel cor.fc'-ols should he ueade
All controls will be distributed so that no ^n©
burdened.

ll»Bb will be over­

All controls will be ieBigned, ori.cntcd. and located so

that they ore in acoottlsE:? .-iti. lonrol vrork habit patLoruo,
cusiomaiy reactions

and hvnuo reflexes.

It is des-.rable to recog­

nise the goneralised oovrcss of human error in t-he orer-vtioo of
controls in order thi

rh*

.-say prKciurlo then..

for human error exlats in the foJ.lowiag ercamplrs:

The potential

�a

Sim.l larity of control csvlcfiii, cauclng tl.R wi^ong coatrol to bt
octiintrd borauflf. of ro\ftiMiijj; Lt vritli oi&gt;t,}.hor,

b.

locatio*^ of controls t„o eaoc.ly rojsthcr 'r.nsln? ».nad»arteat
operation of adjno^ot '-ontro:.. and iatoxf'x'ii.p; with eaco of
. operation^

c.

Improper aequonrj.i.ij, :n«o ofj.Jiatment, one orerly complicated
adjuatmenta mutiny a',oUtkes .a coatro.1 cperotlon-

d. l«ng oBd involved prorodupes dlffieuit tc oomnit ko oonoiy,

Xa7t2

o.

Operation of cont^^3la in a d;v'cctlon conlp.ix^ to normal novcme
of the operator (}wrt.\cu\apl&gt; tnibject to human error during tJof otresR or enerr;.3icy),

f.

location of coatrolfl .u mich positions that t]ie oporator can
bruch or kcock againol theu, i;au3ing inrirJvcrleat opemtionp

g«

Arrangf r.ient of I ho ln:;t &gt;'ii'3oa* panel 1n is'ch s. v/ay that It is
.Impoosible or very dirficult c reach for one control vihilo
operating another^

Gcnc'a'l S-sfsini.';!'^ rri- .»p^r»

&lt;k)
Bcoanoo of the confjnc^l q- n.-^ ern .tad tho djf Crl v.-l, v of controlled
Bovcmenr by the astronauts, in 2eix&gt; g&gt;'aviJ;y -•a-.'lrcjw»ni., safeguards
iTiot be adhered to in tho d^nign -tf control? ixnd In/out of tho
console bo prc-lude toadvcr net. (..ctuaiion .of coniroiso Recooaee
Will be used for toggle ewitchos ^f it aprraro thau the rontrol
olght bo acTn^aiod ir-advertcntly, Guarde-l'p«oljhnt';oas. toggle ewitrh ...
^or levcT-lock-t.ypa tv,Uoh.-3 are •.•.^:^ulred for'iVncticns that are
^irreversible.. They wl 11 nnv.; re' -&gt;n3 installation depending the po­
tion, or&gt; tho .main disp^uiy coraoXe ,)rovlously etlpulakedl,..7-3
(k)

Toggle r.s-Jtr.hf^a
Toggle or lever^typr j.-it hc.u ma.- be two^ or «-hr{-«-peollicn, tab
handle,, or lei[er-lork "-.anile an 1 isotrentary cr Da;.rt3inirg in thai,
switching action- Total ..hrow d .itaneoc of iogglo .aad J.;ve--lo'ri£
switchc.9 should be
f 8 dcgree.'i. The force r.'cit'red to change
poGitien should be ^jO-IOO ouiiccg
Ad axial pill of 'fO • 30 oJUJces
is rccoamended to release the lev.jr-lork switch f.-om a iorked pos-ltior:.
Tho m.iaicaiin allov/eb.le spscing be^'^een log'jle switches grouped in
hori.noDtai rows sliouid be oc« in i on centers- Vlien xi.vtd in locaticaa
whore the baodle could po-'e n -ta /icd to «:r«v r'crb ^rs or be subje-icfd
to inadvertent actuavicn, tho sw..t;ch should be sc-aireccssod and pro­
vided i.lth barrier guacdl -u rbo 'i in Figur? l-J..
distanctbocyocn barrier guards .?h-'uid ro- be Rorc than or,.. Jjvch. t&gt;ierg:-a:-y
s'/itchea or switches whose iiuidv&lt;srteDt actuation would create a
hazardoua condition rn.ist iiave a '.evor-lcrk handle or be pro»;ectcd by
a guardc

nl

�RECESSED liVERLOCK TOGGLE
Figure 1-5 Toggle SwitchcB
- 112

STD 65-1534-2

�-ogg-/^-sw.Mch 0]ie.-atioii is varS-icol iv
foBltloa jalrB sS=oa&lt;i b. ,„ ac=&lt;
7^

*

-DOrfh _ .
rgi»ARY
BACKUP

gj,

Oif

eit?':.

Ctoi;;

tl.b xc L'bv,ins brtbari ,
TMOK'•A^^s

DJSAcm'm

_ D.-.i'ipy
dwoi.auinr

Brc£s;»3B

/ijjo
JiT'LvrC

Where a thlni position Jr added for OPi;, v;-e-oiild h« in «•»,«
center position orrept. .tore thjr «ouW
perforonnco.. In „h:r,. mrr OFF .tonM be In the litSr!'^Sunn.
l.-7oA

(k)

Rotary Switrhc/
notary swi^ohoe (with not oore \hon
-

12

floior-rohi.

^ * •. •

\

^oJeM'" ''"If "•
"«»« l-*~ *li roia^^LThen
I - ..ctpblc pocLtlonc Pbou.Xd be detnited. Eioh swJ tch ohould

oy a detent cao, to hc»d the .rliva.ins nhaft ia ZToAZ
nd.vldual ^Jtch positicne., A itop will be i&gt;rovXC.TTl "he
^cnee of the actuatir,5 rkaft's cotation exooot. in oases reouirinr
Joa-degree rotation,
,
.
-""juA-riniT .
^csTj switch throw distc-ir.:a bttwaca poait.loaR chould be 30 dee'with a torquo required to change positions of .12 - 100 inch-ouacee
of ^sitiona will be sjch that rleclcwJao ooveoent ie
on , ascecdijig order", "incroaasd perforuiance", etc.
I«7n5
(k)

Rheostots
l^ea the th^gtat 3.^ ncw.d rro^r. U« knob side, the maxi'M resir;.
tnnce should be in the OFP diroc Uoo ^c^t-h d4--r&lt;-a«Jr,. jvr.tw.n-- ™ dire.-t!.oa„ The ront-ol should .royatr, throui:a so a:^„.
of 300 oegrers plus or mj.nun 5 d j^raes, A B:«p..n-}tion OFF positio .
.B recommended to opaf the rhoos:ar. rircuit and should occur j stas the contact passes beyond the i&lt;a5;in!nm ropj.Btanse polntb
Depending on the ^st;allation rejuired. al;. -heoststa should
to the rotary Knob nesign as shc#o in Fxgure V4.

1j7o6 ^nmhwheels .• PotentioKaterH
(k.)

contact nm should rotate throy.-h an arof 300 degrees plus or ai.-us ID degro^rs.
Tf the poteatiora^ter is to be mo-Mtsd riush on th-s control ranel
bf the tl„,nb»bb,l bh,uld

�RANGSS
A
8
C
0
E
F
G
H

MINIMUM -MAXIMUM
2. i2r.
I.W
a687 - a 812
asoo -0.678
0.31? - a 437
a 43? - 0.56?
ao»3 - a 156
a093 - a 156
1.08 - 1.20

ROTARY KNOBS AND RHEOSTATS

ri^ur-i 1-5

Thumbwheel and Rotar/-Knob Switches

- 113 Sir

�c
Tho r'.arTclfjrd r trhb" ..i-:n
0. '/;0
jrch-?« nad
•'onill iijiiaatud,

&lt; •';
J&gt;r i

75 owucfte thnsusToul tl.? dw&gt;r«sejoi5 v-n-.^pf.
i'AS/iMv. toTi Si'-u-hry Sjy hM (i(.-jr:Kji
rti
or iiorl/.onhelly oa
ons-inc'j ccr,tcT.-„
^^c.-js i&gt;-e to bs n'ourvcd fJus^h wj in the
r^-Dcl nnd bavr- a mljtlr-in
sf C, 125 '"nrh. S-;•^-~lte(l p»sh.
b'iilontt Rhould iooorpcrotrr gvard » (P'y.fa j
:.o p-.n-^nt Inadvart'
ijctuatson
. h o rolor of tho ilJuTin-i «cJ pufiiiattro sirf^cc. I'-pc^v.^of; on
opplieatlon. wJLbo ^viaw .a
yolLow. ni, or
jn
nccordar.cs wlh eho-11
;v on H::.C-2505A. Vhen sot OluMira^^ed,
».he
'on facti or ca.-&gt; ::ovf!T
bA o ilcrcp^ruUr white with
n 1:7 r-r gr^a^ ar '-an'-fasl r.nf jo !face to i««gcnd&gt; and ir^e of tint,
'.pon viaua-L 3r3pectloOB

C

1,7.8
(k)

^i';y'jlt Breeker
CJi'^uit breaker dori.gi should coifonn to dst.-.ilc of Fir;aro i~6.
Circuit broekerH! gMieralJ;' iii-s o.f the pop-on: rolco.oa. puah-co^
rc5et-.type. Circuit V.ros ,r-n uiW be nordnf-nUns
ho.-jilng thf? krob in the r -s«t jsoiiMon wjli rot oferi-tdt? (&gt;.&amp;
r rcui ^-^brcak-tng fur-t ion .
The -rri.ppod r.ooditioa of h- p'oi • .jer-t.yp- .--iicu-.? breaker la i.r.d.vc3''•d.
by a white bcrJ whicr. is . nltiLina of f, ••.5/-..inc:h w.'de. The
b.renk'jr body aid head vili b*' h? -Ir, r',-t.d«r.- |r ,^...,,.,-,.1 .,i,r.v
*•
Ii.T.itod to tbf to? .-vJcfaca of »;/ • virru'^t e-- ake,^ s
roqn'r«d to re?i?1 a ph'vg.T- t.Tpe Aircjit bre..ker •rill i«&gt;t exceed
'2 pounds, and the forc-e rcqj-.rr» ic '-rip a c i nniLt brenker Battiei i
u'ii.1 tiofc excefl 3 p-&gt;'.;cdBThe mioiaoiB a7.i'-vatle spare between rirrujt. trealjers g"cjuped tc.
horizontal rows wl.li. bo 0- 8 ?.B!}x on center s.nd hhe dio*'oj&gt;f-p.a
bo'wfon rows a miri-j.; of o;:p

o
31

�o
rr* ;a
^•nG» &lt;
A
XLUV. O'-v

'j:iO

UG/ii :
• 9.tir,

P

ttov • • •

-A. 875
r.Oi;
•K

•*A&lt;T'- .
-KANOr. Ml&gt;l
A
0

" ON'.'*'
A - i'&lt;..\.'iv.,
.'J'0.«7
• 17$
- 0.8A3
r». ••
- 0.156

c
0

E

PUS E'JTTON SWITCH

G

RANOCS
A
B
c
0

MINIMUM • M/
0.W - 1.967
1.975 - 1. OCO
0.943 • 0.4t«
0.3IB - a 711

va•.

-

&gt;-v.

O'

3 ISHBUTTON :OVE! GUARD (TY»:C4

FigjUrs 1-5

1." • - /-?&gt;&gt;•*•» '•

Pu^button Sv'itches

�KANGCS

MINIMUM-MAXIMUM

A
t

a37S
0.«J7
a093
0. 156
0.167
0.250
0.37S
a AS?
a 281.
asAS
a
375
u. ISA
lo® — a J/3
a «s »i - a
0 . 5593
93
« ».A
I «t
a
730 _ I.OOt

c
0
t
ff

O

o
H

o

—

—

RESn CONDITION

-&gt;
—

—

fJ
Nw*

—

TRIPPED CONDITION

r
Figure 1-6 Circuit Breaker
- 116 -

SIC

�In tt? dosign of a n y Uco thr.i ,!..-olv=£ op^mvor.-^ o- K,r
ccn3-6' y r ^ i i o a t i i s th^r a ^ t h c d b y i-H.vch . t - r M n e n i \ u r r &gt; " ^ 5 v i o n w i l l

а.

Display irfomif:i,.a wiU be limited to the desree of accuracy actoall^

-dovstandablo.
Identified eo aa U, ot.-/i«te undue

5

•"•

E.-=.p=d.»,, to

.

б.

lDfomat...on will be prceenttcd in ouih a manner tbot any frilnre or
apparent

7-

All displays will be prorerly illuair^tel-• c-'V- --•&gt;
fureti-^r..
"'

.. .
••

lobol ^Keters
&lt;k)
Tho opooir.tc,viion of aet.ro, InolodJog polutor loMtlon. oovomoot
display scale,, and penersl frrm factor character-,ties, v-iii nrn^-.
to tse fcl.is-/ir.2 'y.-*23 (r-^-rec '.•? a-;! !•£)•
" '

1 8-2
(k)
O

lo

Single boriaontal moytng pol;ttar displayed

2o

Single vertical moving iKJint.jx- displays.

3e

Dual vertical ffioviag

*»«

Fc-u* vertical ajoving pointer diepiays.

5®

Single circular diGplays.

6«

Dual circular dleplayT-

pointer displays.

Meter Scale.
linear ocaTes ara gene.rally prei-r^d., Idien accuracy r^-ouiranentn
exceed there that can be at^alnM usi^tg a Uncnr .cSc SSS!
"f
e-pa=clcd to acquire the -Drdcd accuracv,
rc;pi;'rc(', to b? f&gt;r.'-ri;v,7,j trc.'i -i .-.(ij-j

. -^

,

--•

�i.

EL. n

JL
DUAL VERTICAL
MOVING POINTERS

SINGLE VERTICAL
MOVING POINTER

FOUR VERTICAL
MOVING POINTERS

Figure 1-7

Vertical Meters
- I2r. -

sr:

�%

DUAL CIRCULAR
MOVING POINTER
i

figure 1-8 Circular Meters

- 12" -

€ ( •
'••o

�rRANOrS

MINIMUM - MAXIMUM
.300
. .500
.187
.391
.093

A
»

c

0

..362
.562
.250
.343
.156

-

:C7

DRUM INDICATORS

RANOCS
A

t

C

MINIMUM - MAXIMUM

.718
.425
.093

.
-

.?«'
.856
.156

DISC INDICATOR

Figure

Electromechanical Event Indicators

'O- 1?.7 SID A'&gt;-lS34-2

�1&gt;8 3
(k)

D'np'i/'-- rcrr' 1 J A.Tnf&gt;j?frt.'!n
'
—
&gt;.ncr'.c &lt;.t:aM.3 y rv»sdwto. d.gi'j l or Oa.nlos. nhonlC b« Doni^Uy-ea
to read i n vr of »a* Mi-a !t«ihlo f.Uild t, 'olupw or walgh):
as rer&gt;prJ. V'r.;?'-Q.l eoalc indlcnt.or (Tiaup" for r-'bsyatea condltiou
raeti.l toring ::ho. *&lt;1 bw orrorged
by aycteni fyj Jtloii ihon by
displ-'jyod iv-.rn'i-jterv Chen by alpl.iibftt.Vc or Dusiftflc scc^itisnces 5c
deoccaJJng o-dftr of fT&gt;bgro«i.M. i'.n- typlr-oi ri„td syctctns, chc profcrrccl ord.-^r of dtspl/iy sf rongoutjitf rtadicg froci left to right O'r
ffoo top to boiioo la pi.lol. Hxes Is cs follnvcJ
In

Gyafon fua- lion:
Preo.Ttr 1

fOel., oxjilizor
"a

2a

^

D.6p,.ay;d r^rAmetors:
Plov., toiip'ratovo# prresnre, &gt;ii.'antlty» TQlcot aaperes#

3®

Alphabetic or ounoric rfquenco;
S.Tst.e-3 A •

Syvjten B
or

TcnU 1.
1&lt;&gt;8.4
(k)

T&amp;jik 2

DJcpVv pointsr Location nod NoT/nrnt
Jbo pnlJitcr In vertica I single-'p&lt; tnter diepL-iye fclll bo located to
the right of t.he scale. Jointer 'loveinent- io na up direction indicaVea inrreasfch values®
Tho pointer i a horizontal oinglc- oipter dl.nl'iyf c- &lt;; ?. I
above the ijcale (there isay be .lo/:U.taate exccptloJisJa f^'inter neve
went to the right indl'-at?y itirri't.eed valueu.. lbs {rd..lvidvial
peictcre on dunl-pclater •.ndl'-etors .'ihonld he lor.ifed oi'thoard of
thalr rosp^•cttve scales (Ue., b--:el, po.'nler 1; icftle J., scale 2,
pointer 2, berol). Pointer (aover-ient upward Indicates Iniroased
values..
The individual pointers on four»i)ointer lndicctor.3 will be ao ohow'^
in Flg'jrc 1-7 flrC,, bezel- poin^^er 1, scale I, piintor 2, pointer _•
pointer k, bezel)®
The pointers In dual elrc-jlar io' lcetors shovild pVvot about the
extrsaiitics of the horizoat?. I ex s- The lef- cfvxle cocuicrcea at nl.i
i33=degr«''c point from the -.op cc-n er point end oonclMdee countercloclcvise o t t h e ^5* degree p»iiit
The right scale co-itrcncea a t the
225''dGgroo poln' froa the top cc:\i.ftr point aad ronclude? clockwln
at the 315'dflgree point.. Pointers for both circular arc vori'lcei
dial fares should be close to the dial fr.ue and c^ale to reduce

�parai-Vix to a o»Piou4.
for c.cpro7«d
tieisee, tha
pointer h^^ad wi.ll be triar.|i«Ur m d the a i d s t of the pointer
shaft, where required, vdU ha parallel (n.g'.reo 1-7 actl 1-8),
1.8-.5
(k)

DlnclS"? Mni-kinera .

,
When oporationnlly useful., eolorel renije tear!' in.'is wet be used
on vortical, borlaontal, and circular diopla:,-3 to Indieat.o
operating ranges, "Kiree oporatiog rooge marl-rtngo arc recommendod
to indicate the following oouditionsj
1,

Nora.al

2,

Marginal
1
Prohibited or limit mark

3-

"" I

Rargo Pirkireo ehould be 0. 05-loch mde and extend to the Umite
of tlK; uiuile factor reprcscrted, Range mrkings vail bo imposed
over Lbe scale index tnirklnga to enhance reRdnbllity and visual
cue rcGTion.ce, Idmit ra-ixkaar: should be 0, 07'ln«ii wide end equal
la Icngih to the loag graduation of the scale in qvestioa,
Diraplaj* cover face© will ba coated wj.th an artiroflectlvs trans­
parent materials
l.-8a6
(k)

Alpiinr.'-V'erlc Roadouls
"
A.lphanuncric readouts should be ocmposod of dcctroluMaescent
eoven-line characters that have :&gt;ie following deaign details:
Slant-

- 14-2/2 degrees + 1/2 degree tc the right frw» the vcr.

Height

- 0. 500 Jnoh + 0, t&gt;05 inch

Width

•

- 0. 375 Inch i; 0, &lt;&gt;&gt;5 inch

Stroke Width - 0, 625 inch • 0, «&gt;15 inch
Spacing boiwecn nxwEorala - 0, IXy) inch ^ 0, C05 Inch DimlBsuiB
Iraeasyrcd at the bace of the num-jml
1.8.7
(k)

Elc t'-oirechanical Eo-eat. Trdlcaioca
Blectronschanlcal event indicators are rocomtiandod for use when
highly reliable go^no-go '!or two•oogition) iiTdicaoion^ o.r®
r e q u i r e d a n d when e l e c t r i c a l p o w e r n v a l l j i b i l i t y i s o e v c r l y v e strtcted. These Indicators are recommended for use as go-no-go
(opcrational/nonoperatloa.il! s{e .2s iad:'cator6 oni for vwo-positio'*
positioning Indlcatorn, e.g. , no'^'mal-naxia-.ia and norrr.al-rtfiii.lawa
poGitious,

1.8.8
(k)

Two-Pos'ltion Dmia Xrd.lcators
"
™ "•
Two-position, electroncchanlcal dnia indicators will be need for
status "indicators
1-8), The Mark (gray) poaitien of th?

�drtia vrtll i-jTor
tr« ^•^ane^^Te-J
l e in or oi&gt;Rrt«tJo'ial node or o r o t inhibited i i o n oneratic*?.
rho baohcr poiw
(n'U rmnie b 1 : . . / . n i v.1alr) position o," tio rirvrii iadlcntocs Kill
Infer tint .!;c 'r.. •no-led pyatesc «&gt;aiint lo i.ihibilsdl frto operation
or
'in l:olflrnc05 -03&lt;iLtirr.,
•

A pair of
»•:. ^etr^e-hvclcci.l dru.t iai'.cators t.'ill be
uoed ao por.i &gt;. . •&gt;&gt; i- icdieatore for eomo jsycteit &lt;iericea« Ono will
Indicate th .if:;
ir.d c-3;d.itur. yt-sitjonB of the dt9vlce.
second will i i i -ifi: : he r.omal std eiimtmiBi vasitlon of the dcvicoTbo pair of dr n ii.d -cotorB will t e referenced

to a switoh pooitiori

The dleplay face of th.* two-poottlon event Inilcoloro ohould ba
Pcrtongular vi.-h a dleplay sine 3o Joss-?han D, 187 by Go 2Cl Inob
ard iho lon^ nxla nourted horlzot1,nll,y„

Z'i&lt;-&lt; I-c^icch-nioal f:fatiJo t-d^cntorc tj/rinlly t i l l be localod above
the nfjnooiatcd r o r t r o l cwAtohoa^
Rleetrooechsnlcal position
in.'l.;eatr.rn vfii: be located with r.-'ference to aw.tcb positions1&lt;&amp;«9
(k)

D.-f.r Irvl.''".TO"*.
Eiectrononhana'al dJaf event i a d l ' a t o r s eay be uoed t o diaply cbacges
onalofrora to a speceiu device poni^on, "nieec indicators are used In
ttucoaatic
syct/ns and.are rot dii'ic-tly asaociated vdth a ev;xt.oh
opcrationa Th'y iT'xy t o Ufied for riystcm devlrr operational position
BxatU3'.
ir-d'. ;otor will tlispljiy the poaJ' J a of the i^sterj devic.from ore exlrc-iTie la the other wains a rotatablo biack pointer. Thorc
should be two black indices on a white baclfgrovnd to indicate the
extreraecs (?'ig-jre .1-8)'The display face of the electronfohanlcal di'.c e»cat ir.dl-:afcoro val
be c.lrcular bavin,;.- a dtsp'sy dioircter no lees than O. 625 Inches.
Tha Indices ffiy-ct be f j ted lisving a leegth of 0.. CIO and wldrh of
O- 093 inches. Tho winter Aengvh ahould be 0- M ',m ':,c
0 . 093 inch. 'Tlie pointer opncinc from an index uhould be no sreatf than 0 . 016 inch 'Fisiire .1—S)»

1-8.10

Alarn S y s t n
Any e&gt;:porJ.rcent that has any oper.-jr.ins characteristic which can pro­
duce a ti'se-critical liasardous c&lt;«iditioa requirin.g laasdiate corrective
action will ba desagned with an i.ntcrfaoe Ine-trunantataor output ccapatible vd-th the CH Master Aiazwi Systca.
(Additional crlteriii to be addnd)

1,8.11

VaJldation Tas^irq
Kooslandard or intoerated displays which coobine related Inforaatlcn
in a single display uni t , s h a l l be subjected t o huiraQ cngiv.eezliig
t e s t s to dcterraine the effect of the lategrEcion on pyst era perfojTBaDce.
Units which produce pcrfo:-nani'r equal to or batter thsn
single purpose indicators are flccsptable.

�_FHY.-JIOlonTCAl

i T,T|i^mCW3

i-O'L Cr«&gt;w Ont-Ta' Icn.-il ry.-:; . -.jij |,» Rygu^romcit./i
(See Table
i;

(1)

tor H.i'Vnrj)

Food
Pood quar.lity vill bp based &lt;&gt;a on Hndivjcual calorie intake of
3000K caloi -OB par tnon p«r d-if^ Cnc-ron dayo' food rrqoirca
179 cu. Irpbos nforcd volumo at 3.3 ponacs vfelslit.

2.

(i&gt;

Wnter
Water con)?-.itipc-or. .3 .10 folL-Jwai"
2,.6
ili-iiikf.Qjj aod food proparation
5.0 Ai/c:-.c dry,, ^aolcatioa and hygiene

3»

ConotnTil" '-.'par C'ln^ente
Each crew r.crbcr .-sr^ulrca a jjsw co-irtan'; i.ear garsent, (C^Q)
r.'cry two dnyn., .Nuober of milte &gt;-'iTU&gt;r^d
fnvr^cr of crow)
X ' o | 2 ) where r -n m i z s t o n deration i n days. Wliare p. . 3 an
odd nvcibp" 'ice the ne:ct afBal.ler p«»iri&gt;er,^
•13 cu. ft- and
pounda par auife,

Stored volua® ie

Pc^sopol HvffioPo
(To be added)
*5'

EVA Opcrat-orval ror^nnptiofi
a.
(h)

One PiSS UOH ar.-^dgo )»Qr wofgs; dlisena-lon
* IV*,
weight ^i-&gt;3 ^h}. Store 5 Lntera:illy,
rf3.T,?»ii-r «.•- i«
s t o r e d exte ?*nn l l y .

b»
(h)

The PUiS lie: 3 'K rechnrgerililo battery that nrist be recbarccci for 10 hours per uaago. Allow '1 ysagen per
battery- Dimcnrdon 3^* x VyA" x 6H", weight 3 ibs.,
store Jnternaliy,

c.

A full PISS oxygea c»iarge J.a
pounds.
tion Will average
pounds per hour,

Csyg-'O rtononpu-

d.
(1)

During iWA the standby D'A acfronaut wil?. cperete frcw th-^
sMlt loop of the tCS, requiring operation of the suit loop
fan at '52 watts ?ri* hoc • powar romrjoption!

e.

An additioDfll Constant Wnar Gament. (CV.^) iflll be included
for each €re\-.3-n on ^iVA :»r EVA afsndby duty. (ThJa is in
addition to the callout of pai^agraph 1-,2.5,1 (5^.

�C?.Zv! OL'IvRATTON.H C0tvSiJM.*i3I.E Kf-vUIIiSHENTS

Wir,
C-^wi'ioclv f'j

f

1

ECKMARi)

V&lt;» l'&gt;mo

Pcyer

Ci'.. Xn.

Watts

. . . .
Ar

i

I'er Msn Per Dcy
Is

Food

2a

Water

3o

Oaggen

2

Va

CoQstanl' V/^ar Garrao,;iL

(

2-3

r.'9

7.6

2-a

.

\

1

&gt;

(based on i ovoij? other day*)
4

(" )

Perooruel Iiyj^lene -• chowiji,3

5'

gu.t tooth ijieanera

M

C - )

deodorant t

OtCa
6~

&lt;
•^

Bo

Per Kan Per IT/A

•

1»

PLSS LIOH cartridge

2a

Battery
a,

after Uut ueage

&lt; - )
•

».

0

Constant Wear GnnaQnt
Oxygen "'per hour)

5e

fio

Ecohargfl a.fter Jisaga

bo fioplnce
3o

*

Coolicg Water

1.9"2

1J9
225

0..25
.1.83

Crnw Wor?fcc' Ppcf^nrnioB

1#

i

tJjitrented bloi.ogiral waatij eh.,11 not be allc-wed to bccoaa free
residue in spnco.

.J

�2,
(i)

yao'c Vaslo Production

Vol,
.1,

3

Orino

3^2

Feces

0-3

Water Vnpo.r

5-3

Carbon Dioxide

2.3

There are additioDsl oinor-itcos of hyM-^a -.fci-.l;® that can be
ignored frois a weight staadpoitit att total jn'odeetion for a
i-isan crew for 30 doye is cbovt 1,25 pouod:?- Iheoe ilffluo
i-ic.\ydo flavusr hairv naiJs,. n-j rrocrcani&amp;'Jn, aliiia cells,
a'"id mucins,
1,9-3

Radinti qp LIti;', rntlooo
(To bo added)

r":

�FiTJiT or-:-:\'AT:rGi:AL
2.-01
Thopo requirerannwj cl«?faaa i-);o.';e
«&gt;ud oanotrBlats that
•ffpcl the
m ..ri.oic'i op'^ratloiia of A/a',
2«02

gnrpog-i
T}ie priiicry r .vpoa" -f. i.o d. fice tlnr.^ rrqulr«:r&gt;flata r-ncl rr\t-7rla
6.lth«»r pocuJp.-ii- to A/J" -&gt;1' def?)icd by tho Anollo wlosion cor/ljuratlon tha.t five nc-'.-onary for nlaslon pli=,r.aiQg or l^ffect cquxpneat
doaign,
Tt 13 nn obrif.tivs to e&gt;aint«:«ji the saria functioeai in-flighffilsalon
p'-occiwresv t c-hnlquoa, and planning ti ar. oharactari ae the
atacdsrd Apollo i-i}.6a5c:&gt;

�2 - 1 cr;^rf ArsiGT&gt;7;:-:.vT.: ••

nun stati&lt;m&gt;T7

j

Crew Arr.'i.
It ic findelpo^ .jQ that aXl &lt;• ri^y wt-niboi-a \.lll recelvo a d'^grce of
trA.';nlni;
porro^ ts total later^hangcabi llty of crow dutJos on
en oa&lt;&gt;r;tnry hcoiis, 'fhs onlsr of priori iy of crow ntiliaotiott in:
a*

^kliatonarJCc of flight eafo^y

h*

Condvict of hasio

c.

Exploi-arion of natural phonoaeoa

d«

S;;hedulod pi?c:sureaents oBd eboervatioBe of natural pehnoneaa

e.

Repair. •^ali.braUoo and codifloation of olssJon-epcclflo
cqu-lpcient..

oporations

For the p-.r^cacn of rrov s'e.U^T. salei':tlou„ tvaicing plans, arid
nora?al oloB*.en planning, the following ground rul9.-5 ehall apply:
a»

• "^c eoomnd asiron^ut viil nflrrFo'ti all major spacacraft taar.'iuvars froa the left haad poaiiloa of cither the CM or
LS-lj He will also be the bacioip navigalor on the CM.
responsible for Q}\ naYlgatler. a-^d cperailcTi of
the CH Iccluding docking khea the XifJl io sinarated.
E-n'recr -• Is pr5.raarily re.'iponslhl? for all experloent
act-irltieo pins backnp operation and rarigatioa of the LEH,
Aaoi (Tr"fnt l^'-iorlttes - The follo'dnc tab i o lioi B acslgnaeat
priorities for the rorlo-.in crew meai'ei's. For purpoees of
mission plaanlng no noroul oasLgacfflento will bo oatie where the
crew n^tnher .Is listed as type 'in In t-hr va&lt;" of CK 'v^,. ,»&gt;;•»
pcrlceni-s the ccr-snnder I3 lifted as bdh typo j5 and
- *ypo &gt;
for repel (.••.!ve axpariB cnfcs or 'hoso otnou^ly requiring all
or«u cecibsr.s such as most bio-oed» r.od type ^ for highly speoisl'
typo of experluieata ewh as a 'clescciw prigrara,
,

Crrw
Hersber
CoaaiaTider

lani-'ch 1
CM or OK Dochcd to VO'. or
J
iXri
&amp;
I
Experintn*- Carrier Operatioi'B
J
Orerniic^e
Recovery i^larc 'ivers "^Javi'^Vica' h;^erire^t6»"^'.accu» erb liavT'
t
J i t
1
i 1
1
j
1
•i

Navigator

2

1

2

1

2

Syecen Efegr.

3

1

^

h

1

'
2

c

'

1 2
Q

-

�priisc fi-r'.poti8; bJ li ty

a-ileP

i=&gt;iU tmjjiina and capabiUty

a-

SocoQdery F.ecpoPclblll»-y - fjill tralulns

5&gt;

Operating CepaoiLlty

-• S'jftl.c-venc. vr-aiuta^ to dfCQnabratf;
capability o£ Bor.iial oporation

Boorgency Capobil!.^

- Tj»do'2';riaQVioi&gt; aad Xlaitcd praetice-

Duty StnnlonB
(To ba added)

C

«

r-apabiUty

�6,

AL\ri&gt;f zh bo*.' 'r between hVA'a fo;' &lt;Tur-h crevmaii,

7«

Maxur.,i!a
hours c.

o'Jtslds Hno for owo .^A operation Is thr^e

8-. Provlslosa w 31 be sisde to penult Ev'A d»4ring darkBeHa,,
2.2&lt;.5

t»nd

'a'e^Con.ytrainfcs

Jiard s'j-'.; 3!A oo ."urcr ourfe-ce vl H be 'Limltec to aix contlsuous
hours per daj.,
(This reiju-.r-;r a .^'ISS char^ge)

;.:&gt;r

�n i l

t h r ' f c .'ir-t r.-tri.;i ; •
l i f y r.:

An

y'or

• ;

iVA

?'!-

• i •

r

i

v.-&gt;(111 j : j ;

;-r' v.-th

ti*

.i-f

t h e atar'jb.^-

•••

';,

kjjuo**"

&gt;N'

cosimunitfatiena

.».J

.linllons of

. r virau

iticinr*

j,"3ivT«
rhe

nur &gt;

f;ht L\A

£.11 fliK?:*.

ci« '-rev

tjtlitl :5stl«:«3UL

i y efaal".

..ivifr or « ' c h l c l i » .

iOi bcv

'-a •.in&gt;l,o.or/

;&gt;• r ; . . e . - r , • ;

^' -ndby

T/J: nnd

rrv

• •
. . n - . - n v v o i , ' ? • t . . .i o r i

fi'.u

blinij epotp are
the

&gt;

"

ii't

be oroHab''

^•inH

.11'

i - f l , , mo

lo

be'WttaR

w1 'J. hnvs

TnlroaanJ
entetua
vthiclea

tvo-wey

h-y

v o i r e r o v e - - , •'

'•

.-rc-"

^j-atrcysnr'

jon:

'.n roqutrcd e c

lollowst

3-

AIJ

C i f! b u r n ; ;

bo

Once p,&gt;- oj'h'.'

ni' v.,I

lavr

" ban .J-hou.v inioi ' a'l6&gt;

Deorblfc

T/Mt

voice, radar;

i e required aa

a*

Xaoucii,.

t&gt;«

Major Si'S burr^^
t o •iRci

Cf

Aoy

cn : • • . .rin;j c - ' v a r - t j e

f o l ':••••

i"oLT.ir»wi

oijj3if:tri,nt

n

it-nft ctnl mJK

'

atH'u'orial •
cos.plf'tloit
Jtars'j'jvor'

i»airo two

;»f b j m

(i5X«'ej;».if.a

roOwOi:'- p r i o r
Jg doorb?.t

sijneitwc-r)

�G:--'-: r-i.

ON Er.'snr-jii' Ort:..ArMi&lt;s
}

1,

llvtl-r.- 'n I.! j U.r.itlon of the cr&lt;-"v lor n-dumjancy TPtiootcrlng tiod r?i.il»irp.
stotJo coi-rro'.ion.T/otor-tiono ol «&gt;;perJrt:a*«G viil tc sjp««d»

?.

Gxpcrijn.^n'; (*atn oet-up, pr«- or i*03t«« nJjbrarion asi ooRratlon Mill bp
0'n-bo!*i\i rcjitrollcd sad will &amp;ot roqu-xe ory groind upllnit euoporh
sapabl\j. Ci-spo

3-

Tao
rcrrd , dunp or ."oGufi p reqii
wiV. be h crsM roBponeibili'y
aod will not requiro c.ny ground upliiJ: controls

4c

It ie clsr lr-;blc not to hare
"• PoUviiien oi'rtng major Jliglit
ffipneu 'ero — iaunch- tra'isiLatinn and iloi
, 'sa^oi* Sj^^S burns, deotbit,
lun*r '-.adinij md aooenc^ .md rc--onti:'
If roqu- rc.d., il will not.
utili:;.' moro tlian or&gt;e cx-nw m/t.bcr pef'ornliig Troi^i lis rtf^xhr duty
otat jo.i.

5,

Ibcpor-;:,! &gt;;it .int.lri»lc8 xfil'. be co'rplo--i at Jr-ast togUt hours prior to
dso.'bit ond ao notrd in a'jotion ?..

•

�2,5

riTOfis T-T-'B T.if?2-,5-i

Gefe'-al "»ro-;ad Puiilfrg
Tho question of u prcpe.r worc/re^t dniy r y d e in b
cpinloitat.rd
variable.,
A fjj&gt;aL ocovox- will not maalt x.\ a.L'. probablbty until
after ccvaral .long period Arollo UlgSits have bees r.osipleUd.
In th
oioartlr.fi, a re.-jsonable rye l.e rrast be nelf.-ctad to p.^nnit inUi^ion
analysis of celfvrtcd erperlR^nt granp.ngs- TIds ejr J.r will be used to
anuljzo the bnslr arceptai'"! vt ty .of vrrious ex-jerimer.t groupings with
tho ucderstijiidius tlmt whore i t beoocxja a .litn ! lug factor, a specif --r
aoalysir. of altoraaSo GOlutlo«i3 will be madd- The cyclo eelected
t
based on the foilowing geDcral pre^'soss

4

1«

One rreura.-iii -.iill always be awake rjid in rtiBrge of roiGoion
lai:r/.;rity, i„e.M v.'stch duty.

2«

The woi-iyrest cyc.le will be orUnted to itnlutain a nornal
Uving i-coitine phased to coSn;idc with thu eastern U.S.
t.imc zone,

3»

i:,arh astronaut ul.ll have one sl?ep period of approximatej,y
serec houro augjneated, wlien p;soltlft( by &gt;• rap of not moro than
one hour..

h..

Persem?l Triaha - cr.tirg hygLsne, exei-t-iae v/iil not be rigidly
sch-duL'^dt and fo.r olsc.U'r p.&gt;j-»nl;.'g p»'rpo.«.es ii^e allocatiODS
for 'Ae.fe tasks will be ts^de by duty poriol.

5.

Koutice
micG'oa
and for
will be

1
^

.

6.

ml.':.3ica houflelc^ejiing :?.sks - stot .a checkc, LiOH changcsc
log raa:lr.t.enaj)or,
will ?!ot b€ rigidly rchodulsd,
mis«non plrfoning f'urpor.os lima al'.c&lt;atlonB for these ta. . •
rsiy-c i by duty perJ.id-

For prellBlaaiy AAP misft'on aiulysis i t wall ba asnu'^cd tSxat
elgbl C8) hours p*&gt;r day per
or o tot-.-l of ?i» a-r.bourj» per
day in aeailable for experitpeu actfvity.

2 * 5 S t a n d a r d ".U'rnjeft Cr-uw Duty Cycle -ind Ttnig Avtr-ilaliLe
la

Three^iwn operation with C.S o - GH docked &lt;6 other vehicle.

•20

24

D8

'v/T«--h

Glean
katch
Ocea

1
1 V.'ei r.h

1
Oncn
1 ;,'al:&lt;h

Sleip
i

Si

e

.12

1,6-

1

;

Wa!;ch

1
Or
.Iv'atvh

•All tinea ere Eastern Standard Tines and the s t a r t of f i r s t d e e p period may be
established for any given niseion f?*on i600 t o 20C0.

.

�^' Crev Tlac

for gHtKiriT-ont Cirjoi-attooo

(See sections

and 1»3»5 iof derivation of tioec)

;jiii;;i&gt;cr of Crev
Avpi.loble

jSpcn Tin ?

3

a

UikO « ikskO

2

8

?:X0 - 8:'fO

1

8

2:^-0

f nuiiours Avali&amp;ble
.for Z^poclmfoto

2&gt;.:30 - 2S:00 (hrs.)
2*

Thrc-'ngn Operation • one In (2M« TKO in uraocl-.gd II5H
a&gt;

Pvtj Cycle

8

T^na:
Doy/Niglit

(x) XXX

XXX

XXX

LE« n

XXX

Tx\

:oa

i

U3i HZ

'••/atrh

CM

Ik
rxx

18

16

xxx

xxx

20
XXX

XXX

&gt;

i

1

V/p.tch na?' »&gt;p#vn DUvv

Watc'i end On'-r, l'u«y

This duty cyolc ia based «a the folioving araolsoa:
•

1) Kln-itaizlDj the tiipo aH.! three creii' 'fiC-'jero are asleep,
simiiltaiseously. Ta tJ-.ls crisc- It le only for about
2 boura since ibc lac: ho»r of tbif sloop period la
actually invdlvcc In personnel hy&amp;iene and eating.
2) Kininieirg the niTJibcr of day u&lt;-rlcdc »'jdc un.-ivnlLih)*for opers&gt;::ions dc? to the LB4 rrsy bei-ug asleop. In
this cas" only ore even day psrio'^ is lost.
3) This cycle Is based ai a 2-hour oibib- period for gro;utd
scheduling purposes. Rjc actual cycle should be adjMsved
to the tru-» orbit period tha*. vi.!! be closer to 1,9 hours
for 'lO-tsile and 2.1 hi»urs for S-nile l»nor orbitn. 'PhiH
will result Ir. ;u.-nor variations to the tine allotraeats
available.

2.5.5

Zk

Vatfh end Cofai D'*l v
Cleeo

Sloen

12

3U

Watch Duty Period
2.5.3'1 Three lLm Operation vith 0" or CM JJoc"ifcd^co_0^ior V shlc le
One crowr:aa vlU. be awake and oa vatch duty osslgcment at al':
times. Durin-j these porlcda he v,lll be rsspensibir for the
EMintentince of spacf'Crafo syGccr.S; roxauuicatioue. position
and flight records or logs, and geaci-al operational actli'iti-

—1
f
I

�Ta CHPo of rnei-fjcncy ?•© -illL f fcrt
-wpilrle CowmadariEach cjcw (r'.'ti'.»er wt II v-'or^i two four-hour wa^ch duty aasSgnaicPta per d.ty,
•&gt;• cdt3tpl,y i'oliov.ng tbn sl«ep cycl#
cod tiiQ ,'n':;';d.UteTy n.-ccosin,'^ t?i3 olifop cycla^ During each
four-hoor vfTfi'b the roliotjojj aclirit.'.f.p 'jill ba perforseds
1.

SJxteca (i6) n'cut.oq cut of every hour will he upcd for
vehicle :sor ;.torJ
loi: •V2"*ntoaanc.».
Q.

Stfl-up cbe-^k of ZfG hovvly (6 win.) recharge batter.'
ae required.

b.

Statue ch-^rk of ECS hourly (1 mln.).

e.

Vo«ce oontnct vitt MSfS every 2 houru or once per
orbit (5 atn.).

d.

Pi)r,^e fuel ct lle - al.i.ernate 3^ ard ©2 purgea every
5o5 hor.re

(j.2

nie.),
$

e.

Si^-SCS eteluc check prsfcrftbi/ ulthln T/h range of
HSFh every b houti' (3 mio.).

f. Status check-of SES evsiy ^ haws (2 tnlo.).
g.

nritery check evsiy 7 hcurs (1 Bin.).

h.

S ii'^s check of CK-BCS in unpreseurLzed state every
'2 Isoiu's (I ntn.)

I,

Alternate replacing the CK Id5H filter eloasata ever
12 hoMrs (5 ain,).

J,

Staiun chock of ryro batteri.es every

k*

Data aoBip to 11577 oa eocft
(2 nxii- rj-aw tloci.

Zh

hours (1 oia

na

2.

Twcrty-i'l.t i
.otn' teo fo,i. i-anco of poaiticm
logs and bneir is'sc-icJ. rccrric,
; i-iboh crevoan wii.
be expected to Raintsin cifficlert eppcecrair. pasdtioo
ortenraf.-'on to be able to in\t.l«t! «d&gt;o'-t pj-o-rlures at
aoy tlae.,

3"

Twenty (20) aisiites for eating (gancrally enacka)
during each wstob^ llils is ao arerage valiio that will
be wprki'd on nn "as «*^'ai-Lable" baaio ly the crsu.
Fifteen (15) MJ JI - tec .or exei'clse. This provides oni&gt;half hour of cxerrlce during watch doty wliich will be
added to one-half hour additional duriitg the open d»ity
period. Tills
• I cc- ^-orlced on e.n "ae available" basi-e
by the crew,flo
exert iso will be perfomed oa the da;,
that a crevsan EKhea an £t;tra Vehicalsr operaiioa.

«

�5.

6.

Tv/s»Dtj &lt; 2 0 ) ffllPi:'.-op

J*"&gt;r

a i ' o i a p i ? v n l u e t o frs
t h e ttSt.roiuiuJ
,

in^d c;i nu "hu

^bchty

jKir \ M l c h

^ 8 o i o 1 n a t n.7

»*xp:!rioi''ni.nl
the rptPro?-y

hysrt«nt&gt;.

TbAs i n an

rfquiiod" baale by

: o u v a l l o b l o foT- 3 e r o n d o . r y

'ilicnc fliouifl prsmarlly f a l l into
of nanlfujuf; ii; b&lt;o-iied experiments or

i f l l t - i a t j i i j ; an&lt;J/o)* a e j . &gt;;or:n.'* ' • o c k j . U c o n t r o i l o c l e x p o r t . ciPAte,.

Gcnpp.all;-

it-e :n'j -o t h a n ; 5 m.l.nntec

e o n t l r i i c ^ ' M con-^ r-i r a .

o'-« .'.i

mental du-,..«o should l e
c^a^•c!-•a.
DurJivt
frc.r: the eonKr-odi-r's

f.

or.'.-

ported on oxperl**

A' : c d i t i e d

f o r the vatr^h d u ^

: h e i f a t c h d&gt;i : y e r e w / ; s B w i l l o p e r a t e
'IJa)

' •

7»

Thin

c n v r ; j e'v^r&lt;&gt;D

(

•&gt;.&gt;

tjr'- t o a o n a e p i ^ n e d p e r w i t c h

\rx

i ; geeevolly ) o
o r additional e::jjei-ltioPt
2.50»2

:-or rovljiatAonnl fjjcea

T h r c - l i a e O p « i r a t ^ o •• o n r cian
I4

i a Cll,

iwo DCD

In Lat

'4'alrh Dfof Op3 l/ot in CM
a»

The ciagl? iituj i i
Add'.n: onally,
of

b,

t h e CI-! v i i l p a r f o T i n n l . l t h e f u c c t - i &lt;

in ntti ionc

cal.icd ou'.

2..50-!. CD and 2,5.3.1 (2),

h e w i l l c h e c k i i w i t h t h o I S i o n a niJji: r v ?

ouce per hour ( 1 ci5.n.)»

Tbr ouo-h^l.f

O J ) &gt;ioi:r •• i r i n s i i R t p l y p r i o r t o a n d lencirdi.? "c't

foUovrtr.g tbo olr'-p poi-iod wiJl t o utfliaed to
aco'icrilated

s.
•
d.

ooctionn .?»5.3ol

&lt; .\) and 2.5»3'&gt;l (2)

accoapLiRhod due

'O '?e,.nl«flp period.

that ware not

T h o s e prJ.iT'Erj- vo'Sch f u a c t i o n e w i l l a r e r a g e a b o u t

Th.c

r&lt;'.v&lt;iAain[; c o t . t r i t j o a

eectioii

notel In sactljuo 2-5-3.1

v m I I h-i l i s t e d u n d e r O p o n D u t y

2x3'^*

^ a t c h ^ Pti'-.; 0 3 o f ':Vo n-;n

1/ '.ig^

*•

'-very

C

) n i n u t e o on*

of

hour Hill, be iiard for

vehlolo aonltoriri^ and salntorancei

^

chec): r,f

ppg hourly

(6

sin

),

batteTdco, an roqutrsd, if capcbllity
t.

I. .

^fO

cinutoo per hour.

Ihrc'-ij;!! 2 . 5 "&gt; 1

..."

pe.rfoi-3 t '

and Bainter-fineo functions of

recharge
e*ists,

»

O

2)
5)

S t i t u i c&gt;*eck

'f

0:^5 h o u r l y ( I t a i o . ) ,

V o i c e c o n t a c t w i t l i CK a o i a - l n u a o f c n c c h c u r l ?
O fflin.)
Voice centaol

with

y.STii

per oriTit (5 niji,).

every

two hours o r onct

�5^

i'

j

Og
6)
2-.5.'*

'-f.abl'i - ait.fr-nnlB Hg

.

(12 n^C,),

rep.\fl-'n ..f'M I. 01: niter elflttonto evory
'5 »jn^).

ho'irs

Open t&gt;L;ty Pt rir^r
2 . 5 . 4 T h r e r &gt; ! : » a O r - - i v r ^ j a n W t U i T M r.•• C M Poe'tcd no tm
Durlnr ari.y S'uUoiir perlcS
K V H will bAve O'A© contlruoar
oaf'T duly Il^rlod. D;:;-jrr.* thio period cortjjin houe'?ke3pir,7 r.:'^
nuai te p.;f i\-.r-scd hut the ren-eind^r of t';tl5c" ie tan&gt; lible for
cr.'r-. r.t acti'/ltj «»rd rc-quJrcd
Pav^fjatlon.'il fAxca or .9pTf;aor.v.ft. jaiineivaro. Tho foliowing
act:'.Ham ore iurludti jurieg thi.i psrlod:
1.

"fciko ^.'ip (i hour), rhic ot-a bo eoho-Julyd by tho crew o
"as cvoUabic" baoio
r.nji be eUsipatod oi.crxionally

2.
3»

OOP hot Baol (I 5our;. 'fbio le aohedu.lcd for one }&gt;• v
pli^'W cotae tvae fir rolavation or recreation.
oxorriS'"; fox* I/? hosW' I'.xie vfou.ld riortnftlly bo
broken Into tbra" 'n- C'-O) Hiaout-e parl.cic nnd cr.a be
niuiJp.-xcoi cep jiona lly. J'O exercise in i t-nuirfd on vba
day a ore-.msin piirforu? rn cxtrn rehicular operation#
Perform waste e.llmlrntioa and body oloooins (1 hour)#

5c
'

k

2c5»^t.2

'ITjo rcBiining tlfle i s avaUrsble for other activities
to. o hours) .
a.

Flight optmtloa; - r-oe section.3.0 for required fit;!.'
openitloa f»inctl&gt;33-

b.

Bcfpriaent

Three-Man 0:&gt;&lt;-ratlon - on r In

- to be dete/KinfJ»
two in tBI.

(To be added)#
2»5e5

Sleop Period
2«5-&gt;5«-l

Three-»Man Oppratloa V.i1h TH or CH Docked •*&lt;&gt; L3i
The sleep p«rl-od for escn nen will be eif;ht (8) hours. It
anticipated that about eu^cn (?) bouro of this lice will be
o f f e c t l v c e.'.n";-. Tt • r» -.-fria^ t l c e w i l l b-? ntlV;.'':.! t c p r a pait tin £.l^&gt;p
ca risixj, cl-v-ninr cp clxe
ar.al1on, parf.vrraing pcrsuciicl irrglone, and earing b.ranktasl ,
T5ic iQ'Uviduals eigh.rh hour of deep will bo in the fora of a
nap during the opea «!uty period, (Sao 1,5.5.1.1),

/ O 2,

�J

- One in CH. T^ Q
Th- flc-p IVnr.i fry.' eacfc ooc uiU be 6c-7fn (7) hour3, n •
a n t i c l r . » t ' : d tf., -. M?oct si:- ("S) heuro of t h i s t l a e i f i l l b e
efro-rtiv.?
Tljp roirinijis tiino rfili he uttliiod to pr.-.
paro t h e alu'p otj^tuo aoc. o n riftios, cloanlng up the oloep
BtatioQ. pevic-mJn^ F-eroci-nel K yfj I ousc. nncl sating brcakfosr.
Depe..&lt;jlng oil tl;s iength OJ' chis type vC operatiun a tuip of
ono to two h;. -rs dwratlot ehOKld bo o^;hc€tulod durJac tho opc^
poricd-

\v.

10^

�o^f:i?ATicNAL coNoTRAiNT.;
2&lt;6^1

Kii;src;«

c

Tjiipch O.-'c"n". Io;:« to Liftoff
1, Inunrh cuUoff time io IfjCO hours Iccal t^me b^&lt;-.PUoe of recovery
(a) rcqulrcQcntg..
2« Ho cxpcrjnent activity w^Xt r-s-iuire crcv tariicipatlon itore tfacJi
(b) 90 minutes, or loss than I nluite prior, tc .dftoff.
3» lixpnrlijient uotivit-lea during "fie coi'Dtdowj* are iimitRd to those
(b) that can bo perforned by the ayoteme ensinacr from his counh
pooltlon.

266'.2

Pone Vi'iT'ch and Sa-rth Crbit
1« J'roa Liftoff to confirmation of orbit experlraeat activity is
(b) u-ndruirablo.. It required, it should bo Itinitud to lha capabllliy
of the .vycitoaa on^lnocr from hLs couch poeition.
2B A ctntun check of all systems wil-l bo pei*foni'.ei after insertion,
(g) Aosume ^5 minutea with all
BoiabArs occupied except as oote&lt;'.
above,
3' Eftttcrj-ca will bo recharged after .tj-'oertiru, Hcniml span is
(a) 100 oln-'tes but crew loading :,a 2 nlautcs for jyeteca engineer,
4, There shall be a mloim'jra of o!ij orbit piicr to S--IVB/CSM
(a) tioparatlon.
5, The S-IVB G&amp;C and PCS shall b*? uaed for all aaJieuvers prior to
(c) S^r/B/CSM Eoparation.
I?iU fine alignment vill be required once per day for normal
&lt;c) epaccrraft raquirenents f20 ns.-mte),
7o IJTO alipanent requ'res hiving the '•X axis cj-.; i-•*'i- r?, '.1
(c) local horizontal^ pointed in -Ho direction of flight and aalntnliuvH
within + JO' of the plane of • le orbit. The
axis nict re-ajr. r
least yj'* above the local hor ioo,
8, During near earth orbit cperav.ioas navigational sl^tiago will i&gt;'
(b) token 00 loss than twice per day (3^ urinates per set of three
sightings).
9B Oribral navigational eightlnga require having the •••X axis in thn
(c) dlrectioa of flight anl the +;• axis n-var iocal vertical and pointed
toward earthB

2.6,3

Transluugr Tn.jectloa
1, The S-TV3 provides G?;C and thi^ust for the vraaslurar Icjsction.
(c) The -j-X cxls is for-i.-arc rnJ approxiPiatcly parallel to local horisoatalft The *-3 axis la down aad appro^J-o-etcly pajvillcl to Jocol
vortical.

�&amp;
2
&lt;b)
5.
(g)

battcrjca 20 niratea

Prejvrtmlioii
crev

tlrae

l l o down,

arlor to d « r b i t bum (20 siautoe)

for tranalumir icjcctic®

incbidee eyotsas

IHU c o n r o e a n d f i n e a L i g a a ' . n t

chcc'rr.

— ^2 mljiut-es iOTOiv . -

a l l crew acKboro»
2,oJt

Trpr-.npoc-lllon npd Docjfln^ 1,
(c)
2.
&lt;c)

The

i a tho active vohicle diirinj tmniposition and docking*

Tl}r S—IVB l a l a
The

f.-l'VB o c p n P s M o n

tranrpeoition noaeuver ol«rla with

within + JO" of

tho trajectory

pleucs

the

3*
(g)

r o l l i a order to s-.llgn

+X a x i s f o r w a r d a n d

*2. ^xla

frofT t h e S - J V B t h o CSM p o r f o m j a + 1 8 0 "
a --63°

'

tfaa a t t i t u d e IiaLd n o d e -

-Jp.

After eeparation

p'tch maneuver follovicd by

for docking,

Tioo for tranepoottlon anif decking including preparation,

jettison

o f SIA&lt;. a n d p e r f o n v a n c e o f b a r v l d o c k i n g p r o c e d u r e o i s 4 0 m i n u t e s
Inrolving a l l crcwucn.

4.
(g)
2-6«5

Time f o r S-IVB ceparation

including preparatoiy

procedures i s

5 minutes.

T r n n s l H c y . r Co.-5j^
1(c)
2»
(d)

Tno coast period iacluiofi o mariruQ of nine nrdcourse Rovigaticr .
c i g h t i n g a , f o u r THU a i i g n m o n t n a n d t h r o o d c i t n V c o r r e c t i o n s .
Passjye Hiermnl Control (ITC) io required during cooct
except a s Jnternipted by
i'TC t h e Cf-H
mte of

'

\ axis.

the

j'equircmonts of

y-Z phase l e pointed toward

This

Periods of

nor

ratio

ITC o j u r a t i o n e r e I t i l ^ - - ?
contlnucie

f o r a long a t t l t i - d e hold t i n e , t.hs

PTl*.

the 7 aud
••cf

The "nile-oi'''thUaE."

iratlo of

For ehort attitude hold tlnco (l';6e

roll to hold ic

than 15 minutes), tkf

i s 7 to 1«
Attttndff

Eold

5 oin*

Hequlrcd Roll Tine
55

15 laln.

X'.75 h o u r n

30 min.

2.5

3 hrs (esx.)
3.

i t s initial oi*lontation,

if s,pp:-oviBatoly ^20" about

must bo follovcd by 15 hc-sre of
i s that

the

rollLog cictioa ^-onbines with vehicle residual d r i f t

ra'-fto causing the X a r i a ro pi'^cees about

5 to lo

Duri.-.

tho tnm (•20") end a r o l

I t o 2*5 rovolvi Jons ]v?r hour I s coteMlshcd about

precession creating rocotiooe
Z cscs.

periods

itrfo 1 abo-^e.

hoars

15 hrs.

Tine period for navigBtiocal ei^^tiugs i s 36 Bin.

InyolTss one c m .

(g)

10^

�P®rio^&gt; Tor oid-courc? rcrr^^tion involvt&gt;« oil thx-fy crewmea,
includeo ri^noutfcr C/K to dooirM atUhide^ syatea en-up acd

(g)

checkout, firixij; of aj-uv.'&gt; for tillnpc, SPS firing, rci-ifl'-etiou
of doUa V cl'tnlapd (requ'rce contact vUh Wr-FtO^ poot ilrina
eyoteia checkn, 25 oUa.

j"

5

vg)

2.6 6

TXtno poriod for an TKU ocanfle oUgnriCit. £c:ji)onco is IL nlnutos,
6 min'itcs additiorjil for fine .lUEftmrnt, oad ? wlnutos for a finn
allgninont cneck.

lAxnur Or'olf Tn&gt;;"vtJ on
1.
(c)

2o
(g)

The X axis is

appro^rlnvjtoljr pn-allcl to

with -X forrfnrd.
Y cr Z axes.

th? limar local borizorr

'

Ho reotriction ia placed on the direction of •

TiiBO for lunar orbit inj&amp;cticn Jjiclndcc sy-^teoi chorlca.

lOT eoar,

ollgnaeatp IMU fine alignnant. manouver C/H to decirjA alignfflent^
eet-«p lOI navigation pamneters, ullage firing, SFC firing, poo-:
fire syetea checka - 1 hr. 5 oin.

2. 6^7

I.uner Orh: t

1.
Co)

Orbital aav5gr.~iorj.al. iiighcliign wil.l bo requ.ii^d durJ.og rbo first,
two orbits for orbit coaC: nnatlon..
CSM aititudc will fc?

with the

During thin period the general

cad +Z

-X

cxsa jwlateci below the

local horJronfcal plane and the X ax-ls will .'io wlth.iu 6'J® of tha
orbit p.i-.no;.

C
2,
(c)

A Blnlojum of thros cib'tal car

gotio-al s'.ghtlnge (iitiliaiiig IHO

alignment of 'lO a.-lni-tea) will he x*ca«.tred daily.

See itea

ebove for atl.ttUfic3%

3.

Proper ECS oporatioa in Invar &gt;&gt;rbtt la dejj.rndent upon the orien*

(d)

tioo of a plane which b.is'jcts

(c)

and which p^.rnlloi the X ttxia.

.he

CSK

withjn 25" of th:i swbpoir-r po^it

dxrertloa of

i.-.a-

rr .

Devl.a'-.ior froa thia require-

ortilts every two days.

IKIJ aligaiaoiit ."cccasita«ea pli-.eliig the
(c)

i.h.f.e plr.r.? a-;iet; rtmi-

&lt; the r.str.t at vMc!i t-.c

iise intersects the .lun.ar (rjrj".»&lt;-e).
Bent Is aIloj:;ed a n-uciM'.'ni of

+Z/'"f and -Z/+T quadranta

The edge of

vX ax.ia in the general

and wiiatcinirg it witnln

6o*

of the oihit

planelihe -fX axis susfc ^etEa^n at least 35® BJ»cve the IcK^al
hori-zontal.

5,
(g)

Tlae fox in;-tl-al rotry ici o LfJi-fiq'iaLiac CSM c:\d .lor?: prcpsure.;
roQove and etow CH preaeure aid thonsal fcatchear

puTforvi CM

eyotpm checks? diecoaaar t and blow probe and c-4*o.^e, cheek for
Lffl pressure equal!tat loo. op-ri LBl hatch,
tranafer unbiU.cnl

O

6.

&lt;s)

Time for initial

ro

trsnsfer tc

155'. - It. tiiin.

rh-rkc.it

activate and chocjcout •jo-oiunica-'

tlona, control aed v.-^tning sysven, power ayatca, SXiSj ARS,
fanB.^ transfer of PISS and other eei:..'.i:nca! to LEr!?

suit

transfer serond

oan, d-:^ploy landing g?ar, checkout propuliUon r^ystcae? coarss and
fine allgmjcnt of liEM TIPJ. set wp rarisation ia L£K, close up I~;

-- 2

hro, -17 .?5n.
jOfe

�2n6.8 lii'/nv Trrnnfor and Uindtug
lo Tho 1 hour pr.'.or to I£K e^^pnration frao tlin CM, all three CTv^
(«) cc-j;hor3 will be totally' occupied w.Ub
Ration nnd other
ispaceoraft xreparatory aetivitias,
Z . -Kroa lEM cop^ratron to ton-hdo-n, ao o.rperi.montQ will bo porforC' '
Ch) oithoT on-bcard LEM or CM,

•

3# "^he two LEN trrt'vnflQ will have "•erapi.ritfd a ulcep cycle no store thcc
&lt;b) 6 hours prior to start of litoar trr.anfpr.
2..6,9 Lio.ar Surface
1. After landlns,. prallol.nary LSM cecxirtng and checlrout tiote Is 15 eiu.

(g)

2.. Preparation tim? for initial Ivr-ar egress •• -^x^^llne .r&gt;rface,
(g) photograffti, review exploration plans ia light of actual conditions,
check out ond don suits and PLT-S equ^poent., check out cconunlos*
tions, get ocicntlflc oqulpmenl ready - 1 )jr,. 8 oin&lt;c)

Duoo lEH preosuro - 5 oin,

U, Erf.t Lai, get scientific equipaent and 3ow.»r to gro'ind, oliBb dc.'o
(g) loddcT to lunar surface, chock nobility cum iru"fnce coaditions
12 Din.
5. Conduct external inspection of LEW - 5 dn.
(r)
6. Erect and align lunar surface S-band dish aotonna - 20 Bin.
^b-)
7. Climb ladder, transfer equlpfflcit into LW, enter Lra • 2 sin,
(g) 50 sec,
S
8. Repressuzdso LE31 - l8 nin. 50 &lt;ee. (eirgie oysten)
(g)
1 Bin. 20 £«, (both'eyctcr.6)
9. No biological waste shall be disposed on the lunar sarfsce withou
(g) sterilization,
•

10, The LBi is designed so that it con bo left unoccupied with the
(g) cabin unpreaeurlzed on the lurar aorfnce. Etqic-rlment design
should conform, or posnlble eil'ects be properly defined*

#

11, Figure
shows tkf- c-xim* disteaeo for E/A froa the I£K
as a function of the duration cf the EI ertiwily, TlJo ig based
on the amount of oxyger. available to provida purging of ^he SI
ffJit in case of pressure stiit rcvitalizatlon syeteBi failure.

10-1

�2.6,10

T.i;inr
1

r:-.-?

ZVOU8

f-rc.-^jror:.-'. fo-^ J.^-^ach -

L t r -

I

=

xE.

2.
(b)

Tl-.ore uj.li be r.o exi&gt;9rici.iat activity dvwin? L5J1 iunor return,
doekir-s, ="d period throu..^ trausearth a.iiJftCfc:;.on..

JJ.
(g)

Tft't I.TI vfl be "enof.derni the neiive dni^kJn^ "ncaber on th®
roMiru fcr.irtzroua.

.9

2f6«l.l

Trencrifi'-tb T^jrcttoa
1.
(c)

2-

(c)
(c)

k,

(b)

C

5,
(g)
&gt;2i.6vl2

1-

FolloHiPg TI'U alignTBept the +:i lucla in dJ.r&lt;ictod approx^natoly
pnr.illel to rhe local bor-',zont;al prior to jr-Untiog transearth
in.ief.ticr .
Hocharge b:i&gt;-tQrir-3 20 oiontea prior to dooiblt burn • 20 ain.
Prcperat ion iinte for traeooanJi injectioa
3 hrso pr'or to engine ignltlo.

xrill

take approrltcatoJj

-gnd TH/SM $*n^3rn_t loa

98 Trnr'.oluner Coaut '2,6r5'*l)

2e
&lt;c)

Saoe as Tv;jnaluri.nr Coaat ''2.6.''-2)

5..
(c)

Tn addition to tho .-TC ratiulrc.sants of Iterei 2 aboTe, It ia
necoasary to provide pre- re'er.-;ry coolirg j!or the for,&lt;ard heat
3l!i9ld&gt; Tliio is acccaplifihcd by keeping the -X axis cumM
sun-.T-aT^J i/itn,ln ^o lioitg specified for PTf*.

4.
(a, b 8f c)

*

IflU allgr.r.er'j; io tJie aftnc as Innar orbit (2.6-7),

Trrrn'-trth Co&lt;^n

(b &amp; c)

(a

LSTH Jattlrcn orruro prior to
oll^^ncDt ejkI la acooupllahod
With tbf -X axis in the dircctLon of riJgbl. msd Uie *Z arts
pointed tovmrdo the liiv'nr f.urfvjc.

tt

No e.-nJoriccntnl or .•3peri,n.l ope-.-atlooil activity rcoulring crrw
attenticn e.-mll be echcJulcd during the final
hours of the
Ti'arcear'h Coast period dug to the cr.ltioality of «ct«blJ.shlng
a cafe on'-ry corridor, liiui-pueat etownge
bo rooplotGd
during this period.

5.
c)

For CM/EM e rnr^^-e.tioe tho »X s.tis is rotated 60-70® nbovo the
dlrectloo of flight and ti the trs.Jectory plane. The +Z axis
baa s 'zcii.-.iTs prnjcctlcr. ra
np-wr.rd l?c-^l Tartl'r.l.

6.
(a)

The zy^'"-- s-:-arE':i,:: a-i ;;re-sf:7y s.aiavTer r-j&gt;t ce r: ::a-ci
Its less thxn 5 clautas prior to reaeliiSr; ^O.CCO fee' entry
altitude.

i

ICS.

�7. ferforr iPS statu© clieck prior fo CH/SM c^pcratioo (6 mln.) and
.n) © Bain bus status checlt eftar separation nr.d prior to ro-eatrr
(5 nlQ,).
•
8. Check pyro br.ttcriss prior to C.V5M esparstlon (1 ailoO,
(a)
9« Disconnect fuot colla froo CM bnoses orlor to CH/5H aaparatioa
(o) (Icda.),
•
10. Porforra oTatuo check of ClVSCS tvo houro prior to CM/CM aeaaratlo .
(a) (1 Din.),
'
U, Preheat C^/RCS wigine vaivns 10-15 atnutes, to be corjplcte 10 ola'.tca
(n) prior to ri-I/JSi saparaticn-.

2.6 15

Rg'-ertry nrri Piecoy.^ry
1-

CM landing shall be planc^-d no earlier thsn one hour prior to

(A) Eunriae, or later than three bo'.'ra prior to ouacet*

2. The longitude of entry for both the CH and .Ti ojuat bo such that
(a) the GM doon not endanaer any lend raaaes.,
5* Sitry stares vlth the —X axis In the trajectory p32me aod rotatr-'
(c) appro::lnvite3y 26* earTh&gt;fard from local horizontal and vd-th the
*Z nsia pointed avay from earth.
A,
(fi)

E^orin'-dta or data roturned In the CH. mu^t eorvivo a aaxiBua
of two dayo aftor landing.

%

((A

�2.7

op.•^ATTO^?/.L
2 ^ 7 1 gns
1.
(a)

i n vattcr.,;
•'^.^.-•,?(».- J-.o

;&lt;.on." '. C?yr. - ra l"v«

Tne ndiator inifti; toapL&gt;^i-ntnrc r-ua^; ba i*A*3tr.ia:i r.bov® 75®F fo
prevont frcftriiia and b-jl^v
"F to prevoni bnlHua- 1'h«
- folL- ving .nr® operational ••ni?.^of-thuB'a" ron-itrolata. Where
expor. riai raquiremcata roquir-a rioUition .&gt;r these rules, &amp;
d^tai.V-i vhffirmal balnnoe onaljats ohoald ba ci-.ie.

•*

2.7,2

2®7»3

b(a)

The apa-'.-ecraft attltvde ahould not be .-'cr.Btralned In an
ir-crtlai or earth relftive orientation fc-r longer than
3 h-'-G ..

C,
(a)

Eleetrieal loads of loss tlias l68o»l65K3'vatto require periodic
oxpoctira of the radietor to tho sun to picvent freezing,
Routiaa Ovi-Tn tlon.?! Coaatrglnts

SPG prc.p ;llant O'lsi be rsintniiied clove 'tO®F, Alihongh no fixed
rule if poGjiiblo, attitude bo:d? grc^t-er t-uir 3 hours in curatior
without uoLrc incidence on the £»•! aft end should be avoided,
bhoro cxpcrlrtent cctlvitJes exrresd this tiue, ti theroal aaaljalr
should be conducted to check propellant tc«porr.tari?6,

PCS fSM) routine Opcrattooal roGgt;-g.intq
1,.
(a)

2»7«'f'

Tha radiator ourfoc'j'nliould not be ercporad to ao^ar radlatlc.
Incidenrro angles of
for mora thar 20 clautss por orbit
cn vhe n-emge to p.i-event boiling, Jln-:inuB expocurc of theo&lt;'
rnslao tor any one tine ifj one orbit,

Service Pre'M! J'l i c.:t Syin c-n
1.
(a)

C

a,
(a)

/'ny f pe quad of the ECS (SM) ihall not b® pclnted towards deep
cpace for prrlode exceeding 6* "jO hours.

S—IVB Po^itj.re ^'eratipoul^CquKV-raiuj-g
i,
(a)

'Hie S^TVB propellmt tar.k« oatv be veutod parittdlcally, probably
about evnry 'i boors on aa avenig®.

2(a)

The S-1V3 ofabie pJatfora in tha lb has a ::».dd!.e gimbnl restrlfttion of +45® about the X^dxis vehicle yaw at luunch, roll la.
flight.

2.7.5 Ouidence end Jfevigatioo Syntem RovHoe Opftiational Con^t.'rslnta
1.
(a)

O

The S-lb'S stable platform in ii.e 10 has a slddie glsfiai
rectrlctiVon of ^5® about the X-ex&lt;a vehicle ji-w at lauochs
roll in flight,*'

�2 8

Rr,^UIRg!ir.'iTg
2.8.1
1. SPS propolLs^t chctll b* kiiatainod above lift c^rnbutloa
(a) Inatabl'Llt/ iovoi during any d&lt;orbit ironeu^rr,
(OX

Yoot

Iba.).

2 . Contiuuo':a iii'G abort capability will be ea'At-ntalacd.
(o)
3. Tbo nicaloa rhall be aborted a® eoon aa i&gt;038lblc after
(a)- wnoontroliacl lo^3 of cabin prec^urizaltca.
U- SK-KCS dcorbit capability chnll be provided during ary? portica
(a) of near-earth orbital flight.
5« In-fl.''-ght contingency octious eb&amp;ll b© initiated prircarily by
Cg) oanual Rcr-an utilesn cfflorgsncy corditlon rc-iuirestcata ars cuch
that c!.anual opo ation Is incoaelsteat with crew oafety.

C

-

��r-

ATH Sfcr.MHzr.tior ai&gt;:I Ccjcvn1
T ..— . •» t&gt;i.«»-or-«v ^*^..4—-,—^-^-

ui:;hia Coicr&gt;'nc&lt;&amp;8 of huspa cr.pablllty

By Anolyzina crow cfipability to acquire target within 10 oinutea
\j

Dotcrainios crew inputo for autcaiatic operation of the ATM

^

Evaluating ooquencc for cxperlnent cctamanda (tsaxiraum 100 ccxsands)
Selecting control toodeo coopatible with operator capabilitioa
Analysing available ATM target and status presentetioa har(h7are
Selecting diaplsQ' and control coabinotlon which places least demand
on operator skill and endurance
Insuric^ that AiM
to opGrstcr input

2.

c

end LE2I ASS prc'ide near synchronous respcnse

D-Jtucwitie training requlreL^nts to ensuire ma-y&lt;tmrm crew proflciencv t^ith
selected /AM display ajid ccntrol hardware
By Specifying critical tacke required for perfomeace of A'-AI alsoion
Providing course and briefing outlines for crew fcsdUerizatioa
and training
InawiiiS direct ccrrolction between trainer and opcracionoi equipircnt

•T

h

�ATM
1.

r'Mtabll.'.(:y_rnd "roCj.\e
Evaiuat*
haoiualtiiity
By Analysing ovorall usabla volutn.; Avnllabillty
Insuring ATI! peeullcr and crev fiupport equipasnt ecaplles vltb buisaa
enginacring and fllghc snfcty criCaria
Inruring adequacy of Illumination for A1^! display and cnntrol eystems
Entabliahing vrorb cycle conipecible with overall mission requlrcnonts
and Gcailni/Apollo data

2.

Evaluate carrier profile for coirpatibllity vitb ATM oysteas
By Chacking ATM retrievable (EVA) cassette alze against hatch sizec
Evaluating data ensootte maaseo to eisure crew translation capability
Confirroing compatibility between cascettes and carrier otowago provisions

C

Evaluating ATM DJC for cdB^liance with human engineering work station
criteria
Confirming volume allocation and stot-age configuration for special
EVA gear, i.e., maneuvering system, tools, lights, life support

f

O

�Am u:^7^^Ac^^y::a co??57p};p,^Txo^ls

n.^onj'.vof^jr.tfl Fvow ATd
1V\

Ground chsckout of ATH
OrbJ.tnl checkout of All-I
Sonceeraft poAntlnE end trncking prior and durlns experiment
Crev notion reotri.ctlons during tracking
Ara poiutlag end trucking design and techniques
ATH enperlircnft Goqucnclng and control
Tarseto of opportunity (in-flight noprosrninalng)
ATH ocbltcl reactivation (potential rainfccnancc)
Control/dicpley coinpatibllity with LEH/AXM C£-.D
Orbital/baSC-H cosaounicationn and flig^C planning

C
^
f,

E7A
ti'."/, film data retrieval (esasette management)
r^'A crew equipment fcr frequent Bv'A'b (mod^s)
Cr.--.- locc.-nction and tcthsring (hardware)
Cv£!.* rr:tabolAc load (vork cchedulc)
IllualnaCion duriaag EVA
Crew corpartceut pre- during and post- KVA procedures
Crcv; corrpartiMnt EVA coinpacibillty (b&amp;tchcs, O2 supply)
A'.il rc^tctiration and rafurhishmcnt (fcatterlea, Ci-';G'8, etc.)
Crev force aiui morsant impacts on iVlM Instsllation design
Special tools and test equipment.

�</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html"&gt;here,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html"&gt;here,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;and&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html"&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.&lt;/p&gt;
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>"Human Factor: ATM/Skylab."</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Martin Marietta Corporation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="214089">
                <text>Skylab Program</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="214090">
                <text>Apollo applications program</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="214091">
                <text>Human factors in engineering design</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="214092">
                <text>Apollo Telescope Mount</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="214093">
                <text>Onboard equipment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="214094">
                <text>Extravehicular mobility units</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="214095">
                <text>Life support systems</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
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              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="215978">
                <text>University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html"&gt;here,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html"&gt;here,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;and&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html"&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>"Sat V growth and flexibility."</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="157813">
                <text>This paper summarizes work conducted under a recent NASA study contract and Boeing studies on improved Saturn V vehicles and intermediate payload Saturn vehicles. The contractual study was a part of a continuing effort by NASA to  identify a spectrum of practical launch vehicles to meet potential future payload and mission requirements as they become defined.;  UAHuntsville's Saturn V finding aid has the title as: Saturn V Growth and Flexibility, by J.E. Martin.;  Preferred Citation: [Identification of item] Saturn V Collection, Dept. of Archives/Special Collections, M. Louis Salmon Library, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="157814">
                <text>Martin, John</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="82">
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            <description>Temporal characteristics of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="157815">
                <text>1960-1969</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Dr. Philip M. Mason gave a full decade of dedicated service [as of 1975] during which time the Huntsville Center was brought to the 332-acre campus that was to become The University of Alabama in Huntsville. His administration saw construction of the first permanent building, creation of the Research Institute, expansion of the undergraduate program, the beginning of the graduate level programs, and a student population that topped 2,000. This sketch is taken from the 1975 "UAH Founders' Day Luncheon program," which may be viewed in its entirety &lt;a href="http://libarchstor2.uah.edu/digitalcollections/items/show/1446"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>UAH, then known as the University of Alabama Huntsville Center, circulated this letter in preparation for class registration and the center's integration in June 1963. Mason addresses the impending arrival of the first Black student, Dave Mack McGlathery, though he is not named in the letter. Mason emphasizes "that the academic program will proceed smoothly" and that "all persons and property will be protected," namely through a new student identification card system. Dave Mack McGlathery integrated the Huntsville Center on June 13, 1963, as he walked into Morton Hall to register for classes. His arrival proceeded uneventfully, though National Guardsmen were present to maintain order. Along with Vivian Malone, McGlathery was a plaintiff in the lawsuit to desegregate the University of Alabama.</text>
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                <text>McGlathery, Dave Mack</text>
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                <text>Identification cards</text>
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                <text>School integration</text>
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                <text>University of Alabama</text>
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                <text>University of Alabama in Huntsville</text>
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                <text>Huntsville (Ala.)</text>
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                <text>Madison County (Ala.)</text>
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                <text>Correspondence</text>
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                <text>Handbills</text>
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                <text>Text</text>
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              <description>A related resource</description>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                  <text>Saturn V Collection</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html"&gt;here,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html"&gt;here,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;and&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html"&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>"Saturn S-IV cryogenic weigh system. Part II : weigh operations."</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Two basic methods for mass determination are: (1) direct measurement, (2) volume and density determination. Both methods or variations have been used to determine space vehicle propellant mass with varying degrees of success. Stringent propellant loading accuracy requirements of k0.5 percent for the Saturn S-IV Stage have led to the development of a Cryogenic Calibration Weigh System. The method employs accurate electronic force transducers and measuring systems as the standard and experimental weighings have verified achievement of better than the required accuracy.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Matsumoto, G. A.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="159659">
                <text>Liquid propellant rockets--Fuel tanks--Level indicators</text>
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                <text>Cryogenic rocket propellants</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="159661">
                <text>Saturn S-4 stage</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Text</text>
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                <text>Reports</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="159664">
                <text>Saturn V Collection</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="159665">
                <text>Box 14, Folder 17</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="210346">
                <text>University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>en</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="159668">
                <text>This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections.</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>spc_stnv_000675_000699</text>
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            <name>Is Referenced By</name>
            <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="159670">
                <text>http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/17164</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Col. John C. Nickerson, Jr. Papers</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Telegram to Robert K. Bell from Guthrie May.</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="81436">
                <text>May wires Bell to congratulate him on the success of the Nickerson case and states that he is proud to be Bell's friend.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="81450">
                <text>Col. John C. Nickerson, Jr. Papers</text>
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                <text>Box 1, Series 1, Folder 5</text>
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                <text>University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="81454">
                <text>This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections.</text>
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                  <text>Ernst Stuhlinger was born in 1913 in Niederrimbach, Germany, and died in 2008 in Huntsville, AL, USA. Stuhlinger was a German scientist brought to the United States through Operation Paperclip, and like many of his Paperclip peers, he became a naturalized United States citizen in 1955.&#13;
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Stuhlinger’s accomplishments in both promoting and advancing space travel were many. He worked as a technical consultant with Walt Disney Pictures to create “Man in Space” (1955), “Man and the Moon” (1955), and “Mars and Beyond” (1958). Stuhlinger contributed to the 1958 launch of the Explorer I satellite by inventing a timing device, helped design the solar x-ray telescope used in the Skylab space station, worked on the Apollo Telescope Mount, worked on the initial phases for what would become the Hubble Space Telescope, and authored “Ion Propulsion for Space Flight.”&#13;
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Stuhlinger served as the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville’s director of the Space Sciences Laboratory from 1960 to 1968, and then as the associate director for science from 1968 to 1975; he retired in 1975.&#13;
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/91"&gt;View the Ernst Stuhlinger Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Drawn for the North Ala. Improvement Co., the map details  various natural features of Monte Sano, the James F. O'Shaughnessy estate "Mountain Villa," the Hotel Monte Sano, the community of Viduta, and the Monte Sano Railway.</text>
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                <text>This item was generously lent to UAH Archives and Special Collections by Chris Stuhlinger for the purpose of digitization.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;"My ancestors were all German Jewish immigrants, members of four families who settled in Huntsville, Alabama before and following the Civil War. The Bernstein, Herstein and Schiffman families arrived during the 1850s, and Oscar Goldsmith arrived in 1879. Subsequent generations united these four families in marriage. Members of the extended family have figured in every phase of the history of Huntsville, both economically and socially; from the agrarian years of the nineteenth century through Huntsville’s growth after World War II, to becoming known as Rocket City USA; and socially, from the time of institutionalized slavery before the Civil War to segregation followed by the civil rights era."&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-&lt;a href="https://www.myjewishlearning.com/southern-and-jewish/highlighting-the-history-of-huntsvilles-jewish-community/"&gt;Margaret Anne Goldsmith in an interview with My Jewish Learning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>H. T. Mays requests Ella Davis to send her the information and lowest selling price of the property next to hers owned by Ella in Hot Springs, Arkansas.</text>
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                <text>I. Schiffman and Company</text>
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                <text>University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama</text>
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                <text>This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections.</text>
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                <text>After Robert McBrayer graduated college, he reported to the Johnson Space Center in March of 1963. He was there assigned to a section called "Biodynamics" and in that section, they worked on Human tolerances to impact sustaining acceleration and acoustics. Robert was assigned to the acoustics group, and his first job was to design and develop a machine to produce low-frequency pure tones to test humans. He also designed and developed a test chamber for testing humans, and he participated in doing the actual human test with the machines that he helped build. He helped document the results as well. After his venture in doing basic research, he went into an area called "crew's survival equipment design and development," and he was assigned pieces of equipment that were his to design, update, and help build. In 1966, Robert asked to be transferred from the Johnson Space Center to the Marshall Space Flight Center, and he then moved to Huntsville, AL. Robert was immediately put on the Orbital Workshop where they were writing task analysis, and procedures for crew station reviews. They did two of those, on in 1967 and the other in 1968. From the Orbital Workshop, he was responsible for all the crew interfaces on adapter, etc.</text>
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                <text>This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/121"&gt;View the Frances Cabaniss Roberts Collection finding aid on ArchiveSpace&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Dr. Frances Cabaniss Roberts was born December 19, 1916 in Gainesville, Alabama, a daughter of Richard H. and Mary (Watson) Roberts. She graduated from Livingston State College, earning her B.S. in 1937, and then the University of Alabama, earning her M.A. in 1940, then her PhD in 1956. Her 1940 M.A thesis was "An Experiment in Emancipation of Slaves by an Alabama Planter;" her 1956 PhD dissertation was "Background and Formative Period in the Great Bend and Madison County," 1956.&#13;
&#13;
She began her professional career as a public school teacher first in Sumter County, Alabama and then in Huntsville, Alabama, 1937-1952. In Huntsville, Roberts taught history at Huntsville High School and then at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), where she was a vigorous participant in the formation of that University. (The Extension Center, then at West Huntsville High School, opened in January 1950.) From 1955 to 1956, she was the only full-time faculty member.&#13;
&#13;
Dr. Roberts served in many roles at UAH: instructor 1953-1956; assistant professor, 1956-1959; associate professor, 1959-1961; professor of history beginning in 1961 until her retirement on August 31st, 1980. In 1988, Dr. Roberts was honored with the dedication of Roberts Recital Hall. The University System Trustees issued this statement concerning the special day: "Dr. Roberts was one of the founding faculty of the University of Alabama in Huntsville, established the University History Department, and was its first full-time history professor. She devoted 18 years to the public schools and 29 years of dedicated service to UAH and accepting only the highest scholarly standards and inspiring generations of students to expand their academic horizons."&#13;
&#13;
The collection of Dr. Roberts’ papers reflects her total immersion in the education, social, religious, musical, and literary life of the community as she led by doing. Frances Cabaniss Roberts died November 5, 2000 at the age of 83, leaving a legacy of leadership and dedication to the community.</text>
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                <text>McCall Pattern no. 9308, Ladies' Sack Night Gown.</text>
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                <text>Made for a size 32-inch bust, this nightgown pattern includes five pieces for the front, back, collar, sleeve, and sleeveband. The pattern does not include pieces for the yoke. The front of the pattern envelope lists the material required for each size, and the back describes garment construction. The pattern pieces are unprinted.</text>
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                <text>1905 circa</text>
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                <text>This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections.</text>
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                <text>robf_rescans_2021_08</text>
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                  <text>Series 01, Subseries C: Cabaniss Personal Correspondence</text>
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                  <text>Subseries C, Cabaniss Personal Correspondence (CPC), consists of correspondence from letters from friends, relatives, and their children. Most of the family correspondence involves these children and families of S. D. Cabaniss, and his brothers and sisters who appeared to have been enormous burdens in these difficult years. These papers are sorted "to whom," "from whom," and then chronologically.</text>
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                <text>McCalley, F. S. to Cabaniss, Charles Eugene, 1866</text>
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                <text>This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections.</text>
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                <text>Frances C. Roberts Collection,  Series 1, Subseries C, Box 2, Folder 5, University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama</text>
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