176 20 8239 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/23/4562/spc_lund_0000959_0001062.pdf 59c9266bee1898e478cf1a36040067b7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Charles A. Lundquist Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/46" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Charles A. Lundquist Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Charles A. Lundquist Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_lund_0000959_00001062 Title A name given to the resource Charles A. Lundquist Journal No. 6. Description An account of the resource This is the sixth of Charles A. Lundquist's journals in which he wrote various things during his time as a NASA scientist where he managed research on satellites and rockets at the Army Missile Ballistic Agency. It contains various notes and equations relating to the satellite program, multiple calls and conversations with NASA and military officials, notes on conferences and trips Lundquist took, test results, discussions on problems of missiles, power and weight summaries, various visits Lundquist received, his work load, and notes on the Explorer VII meeting at NASA headquarters. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lundquist, Charles A. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1950-1959 Subject The topic of the resource Lundquist, Charles A. Stuhlinger, Ernst, 1913-2008 Von Braun, Wernher, 1912-1977 Experimental design Satellites--Orbits Huntsville (Ala.) Redstone Arsenal (Ala.) Madison County (Ala.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Notebooks Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Charles A. Lundquist Collection Box 53 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_lund_2021_04 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/127/8697/r05a03-04.pdf 8fe990b242cd6cc33564ad19cdd846bb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Series 05, Subseries A: Roberts Correspondence Title A name given to the resource Series 05, Subseries A: Roberts Correspondence Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context r05a03-04 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Series 5, Subseries A, Box 3, Folder 4 Title A name given to the resource Roberts, Baker L. Bills, Accounts, and Other, 1898 - 1905 Description An account of the resource Contains correspondence, accounts, checks and bills related to Baker L. Roberts. Relation A related resource r05a-211007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lyle, Tom Roberts, Baker, L. McCloskey Bros. Burns, Bill Alabama Great Southern Railroad Co. J. M. Robinson, Norton & Co. S. T. Jones, Banker Frank E. Block Co. J. M. Robinson, Norton & Co. Frank E. Block Co. Atlanta Wooden Ware Co. National Cash Register Co. Benton, S. H. Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1896-10-29 1898 1899 1900 1901-02-06 1901 1902 1904 1905 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1890-1899 1900-1910 Subject The topic of the resource Business Expenses Advertising Paying Bills Type The nature or genre of the resource Correspondence Envelopes Checks Promissory Notes Business cards Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Frances Cabaniss Roberts Collection https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/11143/Forefutumilimiss.pdf de1cb1ab2e678c62300fddc39d6b565b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Forefutumilimiss.pdf Title A name given to the resource "Forecasting future military missions and their technological demands." Description An account of the resource Archive copy is a poor photocopy.; Article is from Defense Industry Bulletin, October 1959, pages 21 to 24. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource MacArthur, Donald M. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-10-01 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn project Periodicals Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Articles Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000300_000324 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/18243"> View this item in ArchivesSpace </a> https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/983/spc_stnv_000036.pdf 6eb3c8813129aea297f81174b1a84f4f PDF Text Text rnANCES IN PIWrnG TErnOLOGY AM) ROCKET EXGI?ii TlTRBOmMP APPLICATIONS C h m l e s A. MacGregor Supervie or Advanced Turbomachinery D~~~ ---------- Doc. No. -------- Rocke tdyne A D i v i s i o n of Korth American A v i a t i o n , Inc. Canoga Park, C a l i f o r n i a Royce Hall, Roam a p a r t o f t h e NASA- on t h e Transformat i o n of Knowledge and I t s U t i l i z a t i o n . �rnT1LYcES m PUMPING TECHNOLOGY AND R O m E N G m TURBOPUMP APPLICATIONS Charles A. MacGregor Superv ie o r Advanced Turbomachinery Bocke tdgne A Division of North American Aviation, Ina. Canoga Park, C a l i f omia INTRODUCTION This r e p o r t i s divided i n t o two general p a r t a . The f i r s t p a r t ir a d e s c r i p t i o n 6f turbopumps f o r l i q u i d r o c k e t enginee m they e x i s t today. For campletenesa and understanding, same background i a f o r m a t i a a is included on why turbopumps have evolved t o t h e i r preeent configarationm. The second p a r t suggest portion8 of t h i s e f f o r t t h a t may have some a p p l i c a b i l i t y t o t h e general ecanomy. TURBOPUMP FOR LIQUID BOCIiET E N G I N S The turbopump hae t h e d i e t i n c t i o n of being one of t h e moat im,partmt Its f u n c t i o n in an engine h t s l l a t i o n i s t o receive propellante from t h e tanka and d e l i v e r them t o tha components in a l i q u i d rocket engine. �t h r u s t chamber a t design pressure l e v e l s and f l o w r a t e s s o t h a t the engine can develop deaign t h r u s t a t the required chamber pressure. . The turbopump i s r o t a t i n g machinery assembly , which cone ia t s of a 'pump ( o r pumps) for i n c r e a s i n g the pressure l e v e l of the propellant(s). The power t o d r i v e 'the p ~ p ( s i)n t h i s assembly is aupplied by a t u r b i n e , which u t i l i z e . working f l u i d s supplied by the engine system gas generator. Tut%opump design configurations can vary depending on t h e engine combustion p r o c e r r , t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n requirements, and the p r o p e l l a n t s being pumped. Detailed d e e c r i p t i o n s of turbopump configurations w i l l be presented in the following text. F l u i d s and F l u i d P r o p e r t i e s The major f a c t o r influencing the t ~ p eof turbopump d e s i g n chosen for any a p p l i c a t i o n is the d e n a i t y of the propellants t o be pumped. Variaticmm i n o x i d i z e r and f u e l d e n s i t y requires the i n d i v i d u a l pumps t o be operated a t speeds capable of obtaining respective pump head and volume flows. A t a b u l a t i o n of p r o p e l l a n t p r o p e r t i e s , which shows t h e v a r i a t i o n in propell a n t d e n s i t i e s , appear. in Table 1 . For turbopumps pumping p r o p e l l a n t combineti o m t h a t have s i m i l a r d e n s i t i e r , both pumps can be run a t the same speed. In cases where a g r e a t v a r i a t i o n i n p r o p e l l a n t d e n s i t y e x i s t s between the oxidizer and f u e l , an i n the l i q u i d oxygen ( ~ O X ) / l i ~ u i hydrogen d (5) cmbination, each pump i a driven at i t s b e s t design speed t o most e f f i c i e n t l y meet i n d i v i d u a l head requirementr . �Data a t NormalTemperature, Liquid *2*1 60 Vapor Pressure, psia 11.1 Density, lb/cu it Viscosity ~107. lb-scc/sq in. 90.88 0.657 60 0.152 63.25 1-49 60 0 255 62.37 1-65 RP- 1 60 0.01 50.45 5-51 EthylAlcohol (95 percent5 percent) 60 0.652 50.44 2.247 UDMH 60 1.89 49.71 0.815 UX* -297.5 14.6 71.39 0.277 llFL -305 16.0 93.77 0 W2 -315 20.70 49.50 NX N2H4 H2° J F Conditions A 338 0 ,0206 -425 4.42* 10.62 I=2 *Density a t 14.7 psi. +wXormal conditions do n o t necessarily imply standard conditionr, i f tank pressures have been applied. A �Operating Rauge Figure 1 i s a p l o t showing t h e range of o p e r a t i o n f o r t y p i c a l p r o p e l l a n t pumps i n terms of pump head and flow. This curve demonstrates how t h e head requirements f o r t h e l e s s dense p r o p e l l a n t , l i q u i d hydrogen, are much ' The p l o t g r e a t e r t h a n t h o s e r e q u i r e d by e i t h e r l i q u i d oxygen o r RP-1. shown in F i g . 2 i s t h e o p e r a t i o n envelope of c u r r e n t turbopump t u r b i n e d e s i g n s based on power and speed requirements. Turbine working f l u i d mass f l o w r a t e depends on the p r o p e r t i e s of t h e s e f l u i d s , t h e power # development r e q u i r e m e n t s , amount of energy from t h e s e f l u i d s made a v a i l a b l e t o t h e t u r b i n e t o c o n v e r t i n t o work, and t h e t u r b i n e d e s i g n and t p e r a t i n g parameters. A l i s t of working f l u i d p r o p e r t i e s f o r canmon p r o p e l l a n t combinations appears i n T a b l e 2. As power requirement8 f o r a s p e c i f i c d e s i g n o p e r a t i n g p o i n t i n c r e a s e , t h e r a t i o of t u r b i n e maar f l o w r a t e t o Cngine flow i n c r e a s e s . I f chamber p r e s s u r e is i n c r e a s e d f o r a f i x e d thrust c o n d i t i o n , t h e t u r b i n e power requirements t o d e v e l o p t h e needed pump heads become g r e a t e r . A p l o t of t u r b i n e t o engine weight flow r a t i o v s chamber p r e s a u r e , f o r a gas g e n e r a t o r i n s t a l l a t i o n , i s shown in F i g . 3. . The curves f o r b o t h LOX/RP-1 and LOX!LH~ c l e a r l y shmr t h a t , as d e s i g n chamber p r e s s u r e i s i n c r e a s e d , t h e t u r b i n e t o engirie weight f l o v r a t i o i n c r e a s i n g l y i n f l u e n c e s engine performance. The e f f e c t of chamber p r e s s u r e on turbopump weight i s a l s o an important d e s i g n c o n s i d e r a t i o n ; t o meet t h e i n c r e a s e d power requirements f o r h i g h e r chamber p r e e s u r e a , t h e turbopump assembly weight becomes h e a v i e r . A p l o t ahowing t h e e f f e c t of chamber p r e s s u r e on t h e turbopump t o e n g i n e weight r a t i o i. s h a m in Fig. 4. ���TABLE 2 PROPERTIES Inlet' Temperature, Fluid IAX/RP- 1 N20 4 / ~ ~ 3 (-1 lox/% L F Y ft lb/lb F Mixture Ratio, o/f 1.097 1.100 43.3 45.1 0.93 0.320 1.106 47.1 0.337 C P' ~ t u / l bF n, 1100 0 635 1150 1200 0.639 0.643 1250 0.646 1.111 58.6 0 354 1300 0.648 50.4 0.372 1350 1400 0.651 1.115 1.119 51.8 0.390 0 653 1.124 53.6 0.408 1450 0 655 1.128 0.425 1500 0 657 1.132 55-4 58.0 1550 1600 0.659 0.660 1.137 59.0 0.460 1.140 60 7 0.478 1650 0.661 1.144 62.4 1700 0.662 1.148 64.0 0,497 0,516 1400 0.380 1.42 0.11 1500 1.42 1600 0.398 0.416 87.5 91.6 1.42 95.7 0.22 1700 0.434 1.42 99.9 0,274 1800 0.452 1.42 104.0 0.328 1900 0.470 1.42 108.2 0.382 1000 2.05 1.374 434 0.785 1200 1.94 1.364 403 0 1400 1.86 1.354 378 1.025; 1600 1.80 1 343 358 1. ir3 1800 1.73 1.69 1 333 1.322 3% 1.273 320 1.410 2000 0.443 0.165 903 . ���TURBOPUMP DESIGN PROCESS 3 The process of designing a turboppp is shown graphically in Fig. 5. The influence of the various quantities that must be considered and determined are shown so that the turboplmp can be specified graphically and analytically. It is through this process and by considering these items that the various turbopump designs have evolved. Turbopump Design Criteria In selecting a turbopump design geometry, it is necessary to have a set of criteria by whihh to establish the desirability of a configuration. The criteria used for this selection are classified as keliabjlity, flexibility, ease of development, weight, and performance. The most important single criterion is that of turbopump reliability; it defines the expected successful performance of the turbopump in meeting the requirements of the design. Experience has shown that good reliability is a function of using design principles and techniques that are simple and provide a sound basis for performing the mechanical function for which at is designed. In addition to simplicity of design, the reliability of a machine depends on utilizing as few detail parts aa necessary t o perform the job intended by the design. A turbopump design must incorporate the characterietic of flexibility toward operating under a wide variety of conditions. This flexibility must include thie ability t o deviate from the design operating point, eaae of the unit to prwide a base from which it can be uprated to prwida a higher level of performance, and also the provision of changing individual pump operating points to facilitate adjustments in engine mixture r a t i o . , �+ I THRUST SlZE PROPELLANTS IMR) CHAMBER PRESSURE I APPLICATION ENGINE DESIGN POINT EQUIVALENT WGT ENGINE CYCLE T/C COOLING METHOO I d T/P DESIGN POINT 1 + POWER TURBINE INLET. O~SCH AND WORKING FLUID CONDITIONS T/P INSTALLATION T/P MOUNTING GIMBALLING DUCT SIZES DUCT LOADS (FLEX JOINTS) J 1 I THROTTLING RANGE W REOUIREMENTS STARTING METHOD RESTARTING REOUIREMENT CALIBRATION AND DESIGN POINT DEVIATIONS L STATE-OF-THE-ART LIMITATIONS 64 L b + I I DESIGN PROBLEMS FLOW STABILITY COMPONENT EFFICIENCY AXIAL AND RADIAL FORCES TEMPERATURE GRADENTS TORQUE TRANSMlSS#HI CRITKAL SPEED FABRICATKN( PROCESSES MATERIAL SELECTION STATK DEFLECTKH(S WORKING STRESS LEVELS H K ~ N PRESSURE FLANGE A OFF-DESIGN REQUIREMENTS RELIABILITY FLEXIBILITY DEVELOPMENT * . CAVITATION BEARINGS TIP SPEEDS SEAL LIMITS STAGE LOADINGS T/P CONFIGdRATlON PUMP TYPE AND SIZE TURBINE TYPE AND SIZE k + T/P DESIGN LAYOUT WEIGHT T/P PERFORMANCE OEVELOPMENT EFFORT h Figure 5. Turbomachinery Design Process �The c r i t e r i a t h a t provide f o r e a s e of a e - ~ r l o p i n e n tf o r a turbopump c o n f i g u r a t i o n a r e of major importance. 2 e s e include t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n t r experience and a b i l i t y t o f a b r i c a t e and s ~ c c e s s f u l l yt e s t a new t u r b o pump d e s i g n , t h e e x i s t e n c e of knowledge r s p e r f o m t h e program, and a b i l i t y t o p r e d i c t t h e magnitude and time of t h e development program. Another important c o n s i d e r a t i o n a f f e c t - e a s e of development is t h e a b i l i t y t o p r e d i c t performance; t h i s c a p e 5 i l i t y p r o v i d e s f o r a p r o t o t y p e d e s i g n t h a t r e q u i r e s a minimum of m o d i f i c e t i o n s and o b t a i m t h e d e e i r e d program o b j e c t i v e s i n a s h o r t e r d e v e l o p n c n t time period. The p r e d i c t i o n of turbopump d r y weight FS.~ performance can be combined I in terms of e q u i v a l e n t weight, i. e . , t h e rurbopump dry w e i g h t i s added t o t h e weight r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e e q u i v a l e n z p r o p e l l a n t weight conaumed b y t h e turbopump, expressed in terms of i n i r i a l m i s s i l e payload w e i g h t . This c r i t e r i a i s t h e l e a s t d i f f i c u l t t o i r e d i c t a n a l y t i c a l l y f o r a new design application. Turbopump D e s i Requirements ~ To s a t i s f a c t o r i l y meet t h e requirements c f a s p e c i f i c e n g i n e a p p l i c a t i o n , t h e turbopumps in many of t h e new engine c',esigns, i n a d d i t i o n t o o p e r a t i n g a t s t e a d y - s t a t e c o n d i t i o n s , must have t h e c a p a b i l i t y of t h r o t t l i n g e n g i n e t h r u s t t o meet s p e c i f i c mission r e q u i r e c e 3 t s . t h e f l e x i b i l i t y t o be used w i t h differer;: The d e s i g n a l s o mst have engine s t a r t i n g methods; t h i r can v a r y from uee of p r o p e l l a n t tank head t o start t h e pumping of p r o p e l l a n t s t o t h e t h r u s t chamber, o r perhaps a t u r b i n e s p i n start from an auxiliary power source. With any start nequence, t h e pumps m e t smoothly develop r e q u i r e d heads and f l w e w i t h o u t c a v i t a t i n g o r transmitting p r e s e u r e p u l s e e through t h e p r o p e l l a n t s z p p l y eyetem. Additional �requirements that may be imposed on a turbopump are those of providing engine restarts in flight, or varying engine mixture ratio in flight operation so that all the propellants in the tanks can be utilized during the flight mission. Design Problems and Solutione Turbopump experience has shown that there are baeic design problem which must be considered and solved before a new configuration will eatisfactorily meet required operating specificatio~. The individual pumps will be required to demonstrate stable performance characteristics for the full operating range of the turbopump without having tendencies of cavitating, transmittiag pressure pulses to the propellant feed aptem, or going into a region of stall. Development tests are conducted with both air and water, using pump detail inducers, impellers, and puxp subassemblies at a pump component test facility to ascertain that the pumps will perform satisfactorily before being used in a turbopump assembly. Comparable tests are conducted with the turbine a b a turbine test facility. \ Attaining the individual efficiencies of components used in the turbopump can. be a trouble source in qualifying a new turbopump design. To emure that the units are operating at required performance levels, all components are fully developed for the full range of operation in component test facilities prior to their use ae turbopump production configurations. Loads arising from axial and radial forces can reach proportions capable of causing internal damage because of rubbing of rotating parts; in . �extreme cases, complete failure of the turbopump by explosion can be experienced if the propellant being pumped has the properties of liquid oxygen. To eliminate auc= problems, the pumps are designed with balance pistons, and with provisioas to evenly distribute pressures within the pumps. The work with be&-ings capable of withstanding larger radial and axial loads is aimed st helping to minimize this type of problelh. Considerable work has bee3 done to eliminate problems caused by temperature grediente within the pump. With a cryogenic turbopump deaign, it is possible to have a pump c2eratin.g at a temperature less than -300 to 400 F mounted adjacent to a tur3ine operating with working fluid temperatures ranging from 1200 to 170C F. This environment and temperature gradient presents problem with differential contraction and expansion, lubrication, and sealing. Cryogeaic turbopump design and development experience has established techniques for cooling and allowing far thermal growth between adjacent components. Problems associated with fabrication processes for new turbopump design configurations are dealt with by two approaches. Primary considerations are given to the design of a component to establish if the complexity of the unit could be simplified and still perf o m in the same manner. If the design is committed t o fabrication, the individual casting, forging, and machining processes a=d techniques are improved or developed so that parts can be produced with consistent quality. In some difficult instances, either the mode of fabrication or material is changed. Casting processes for new pump volutes are often developed so that the volute casting will be of acceptable quality. Experience with selecting materials for fabricating new turbopump hardware has shown that newly developed alloy8 with propertiee suitable far turbopump service often preeent machining problems. In most cases, all much �problems were e l i m i n a t e d as machining experience w i t h t h e new a l l o y was accumulated. h l e n s e l e c t i n g m a t e r i a l s f o r f a b r i c a t i n g a new component, those comon m a t e r i a l a t h a t have been worked w i t h p r e v i o u s l y a r e i n v e s t i g a t e d f i r s t , r a t h e r than u s i n g a new e x o t i c type w i t h p r o p e r t i e 8 t h a t far exceed t h e maximum requirements f o r t h e a p p l i c a t i o n . There have been i n s t a n c e s when problems a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t o r q u e t r a n s m i a s i o n and c r i t i c a l speed have had t o be s o l v e d i n turbopump development programs. On& method of minimizing t h e problems of t r a n s m i t t i n g t o r q u e ( f o r example, frum t h e t u r b i n e t o t h e pumps)has been t o u t i l i z e c u r v i c c o u p l i n g s in t h e designs. They have proved v e r y s a t i s f a c t o r y in s e r v i c e . In c h e c k i n g new turbopump d e s i g n s , t h e c r i t i c a l epeed i n bending i s analyzed f o r the r o t a t i n g assembly. For d e s i g n s t h a t o p e r a t e above t h e f i r e t c r i t i c a l , t h e c a l c u l a t e d f i r e t c r i t i c a l should be no more than 85 p e r c e n t of t h e d e e i p speed. For t h e c a s e of o p e r a t i o n below t o e f i r s t c r i t i c a l , the c a l c u l a t e d f i r s t c r i t i c a l should be no l e s s t h a n 150 p e r c e n t if t h e d e s i g n epeed. Turbopump s t a t e - o f - t h e - a r t l i m i t a t i o n s r e p r e s e n t t h e e x i s t i n g boundaries t o man's knowledge concerning turbopumps. Exceeding any one of t h e s e l i m i t a t i o n s w i l l r e s u l t i n a turbopump t h a t i e e i t h e r u n r e l i a b l e o r inefficient. Rocket engine turbopumps a r e designed a t t h e maximum a l l o w a b l e r o t a t i o n a l epeed because of weight c o n s i d e r a t i o n s . Figure 6 demonstrates t h i r r e l a t i o m h i p between turbopump weight and r o t a t i o n a l apeed. ' ��Each s t a g e cf a r o c k e t engine pump d e i i v e r s a s much work as t h o s t r u c t u r a l a d hydrodynamic l i m i t a t i o n s w i l l a l l o w , because t h e number of r e q u i r e d s t a g e s i s i n v e r s e l y p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e work d e l i v e r e d per stage. This minimizes t h e pump w e i g h t , because pump weight ' i n c r e a s e r w i t % t h e number of r e q u i r e d s t a g e s . The f o l l o w i n g hydrodynamic and s t r u c t u r a l phenomena p l a c e an upper limit on r o t a t i o n a l speed and a lower l i m i t on t h e number of pump s t a g e e . Cavitation . C a v i t a t i o n w i t h i n a pump i s t h e passage of t h e pump flow from t h e l i q u i d phase t o t h e v a p o r phase. This s e v e r e l y r e s t r i c t s t h e weight flow d e l i v e r e d by t h e pump, because of two i n t e r a c t i n g r e a s o n s : (1) t h e volume f l o w r a t e d e l i v e r e d by a pump is c o n s t a n t , and (2) a vapor occupies a much l a r g e r volume t h a n t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l i q u i d . C a v i t a t i o n a l s o w i l l cause s e v e r e e r o s i o n of t h e flow passages i n a pump t h a t o p e r a t e s f o r l o n g p e r i o d s of time, because t h e v a p o r c a v i t y c o l l a p s e s v i o l e n t l y when it p a s s e s i n t o a higher pressure region. This e r o s i o n i s a minor c o n s i d e r a t i o n i n r o c k e t engine pumps, because t h e s e pumps have a v e r y s h o r t o p e r a t i n g d u r a t i o n . These a d v e r s e e f f e c t s of c a v i t a t i o n a r e minimized by a t t a c h i n g an i n d u c e r upstream of t h e main i m p e l l e r i n l e t . This inducer r a i s e s t h e p r e s s u r e of t h e pump f l o w t o a l e v e l a t which t h e f l a w w i l l n o t c a v i t a t e w i t h i n the impeller. I I I �An inducer will operate satisfactorily rrt low pressures because it is designed to avoid low-pressure regions within the flaw passing through it. Figure 7 is a photograph of a typical inducer. It is a small axial stage with a large inlet area and a small number of vexy thin, low-cambered blades. This type of design avoids low-presaure regiom by minimizing the relative velocity of the f l m as it passes over the blader. Bearings The speed limit of rolling contact bearings is expressed by the parameter DN. This parameter is directly proportional to the tangential velocity of the shaft OD, and is the product of the diameter (in millimeters) of the shaft that passes through the bearing, and the shaft rotational speed =pap- Depending on the lubricant, the DN limit for rolling contact bearings im in excess of one million (I'ig. 8 ). Operation at higher DN values will cause contact fatigue in the outer race and excessive heat generation. These modes of failure are caused by high centrifugal forces and nonrolling phenomena, respectively. Rocket engine turbopump bearings are lubricated by the propellant being pumped. This eliminates a separate lubrication system and reduces sealing problem. Explosions can occur if separate lubricants are used, and they mix with the ~ropellants. �ma-11/19/61-1 P i p e 7. Typical Turbopump Inducer ��Seale The f u n c t i o n of a s e a l is t o minimize or p r e v e n t t h e leakage of a c o n t a i n e d f l u i d by p r e s e n t i n g a high r e s i a t e n c e t o flow along any p o t e n t i a l leakage path. This is accomplished i n r o t a t i n g machinery by mechanically f o r c i n g t h e s e a l f a c e a g a i n s t t h e s u r f a c e of t h e r o t a t i n g element. The v e l o c i t y a t which t h e s e a l f a c e rubs a g a i n s t t h e r o t a t i n g element has an upper limit (depending on t h e l i q u i d being s e a l e d ) i n excees of 300 f p s ( ~ i g . 9 ) Operation a t h i g h e r v e l o c i t i e s w i l l g e n e r a t e e x c e e s i v e h e a t , which w i l l reduce t h e c o o l i n g c a p a c i t y of t h e surrounding l i q u i d by v a p o r i z i n g it. The r e s u l t of such o p e r a t i o n i s a r a p i d t e m p e r a t u r e r i s e f o l l o w e d by f a i l u r e . Structural Limitations The c e n t r i f u g a l s t r e s s a t t h e r o o t of t h e t u r b i n e b l a d e s can l i m i t t h e turbopump r o t a t i o n a l speed. This s t r e s s i s p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e pr8duct of t h e m a x i m t u r b i n e annulus a r e a and t h e square of t h e speed. Theref o r e , t h e m a x i m speed allowed by t h i s l i m i t a t i o n i s s e t i f t h e t u r b i n e f l o w r a t e , i n l e t c o n d i t i o n s , and h o r s e p m e r a r e e p e c i f i e d , becauee t h e s e parameters s e t t h e annulus a r e a . The amount of head r i s e p e r ahrouded c e n t r i f u g a l s t a g e i s l i m i t e d by a maximum a l l o w a b l e t i p speed of 2200 f p s i f t h e i m p e l l e r i s made of titanium. Higher t i p epeeds w i l l cause y i e l d i n g in t h e i m p e l l e r , becaure t h e c e n t r i f u g a l s t r e e s e e w i l l be exceeaive. Unshrouded c e n t r i f u g a l i m p e l l e r s c a n o p e r a t e a t h i g h e r t i p speeds, b u t have l m e r e f f i c i e n c i e r and e x c e a e i v e axial f o r c e r . ��Hydrodynamic Limi t a t iona The b l a d e s of an a x i a l pump s t a g e should t u r n t h e flow aa much as p o s s i b l e , because t h i s maximizes t h e amount of work p u t i n t o t h e f l u i d per stage. This minimizes t h e pump l e n g t h by minimizing t h e number of st a g e s . The The t u r n i n g i s l i m i t e d by t h e maximum allowable d i f f u s i o n f a c t o r . r o t o r d i f f u s i o n f a c t o r is d e f i n e d a s f o l l o w s ( r e f e r r i n g t o Fig.10 ): where The s t a t o r d i f f u s i o n f a c t o r should be e i m i l a r , because e f f i c i e n c y c o n s i d e r a t i o n s make 50-percent r e a c t i o n a t a g i n g d e s i r a b l e . B l a d i n g w i t h a d i f f u s i o n f a c t o r of 0.7 w i l l p e r f o m w e l l . demonstrated by experimental t e s t i n g at Rocketdyne. This has been Loading i n excesa of t h i s v a l u e , however, can r e s u l t i n low pump e f f i c i e n c y from flow s e p a r a t i o n w i t h i n t h e b l a d e row. D i f f u s i o n problems w i t h i n c e n t r i f u g a l i m p e l l e r s can be a l l e v i a t e d by u s i n g backward curved vanes. Thin w i l l reduce t h e d i f f u s i o n w i t h i n t h e i m p e l l e r p a s s a g e , because t h e t i p r e l a t i v e v e l o c i t y w i l l have a backward t a n g e n t i a l component a s w e l l as a r a d i a l cmpontnt. ��r n W E N C E OF THE LlMITS The i n f l u e n c e of t h e s e l i m i t s on turbopump r o t a t i o n a l speed is demonstrated i n Fig. 11. The s p e c i f i c speed l i m i t i n d i c a t e s t h e maximum epeed a t which a c e n t r i f u g a l pump can be operated. Axial pumps must be used i f thin l i m i t a t i o n is t o be exceeded, because t h i s l i m i t a t i o n i n d i c a t e s t h a t the t i m p e l l e r i n l e t diameter i a almoet equal t o the impeller t i p diameter. Seal speed and b e a r i n g DN l i m i t s are evaluated f o r s h a f t s that a r e e i e e d by c r i t i c a l speed c o n s i d e r a t i o n s and by t h e t o r a i o n a l s t r e e s l i m i t . TCTRBOPWP CONFIGURATIONS Turbopumps can be designed i n t o a number of d i f f e r e n t c o n f i g u r a t i o n s and arrangements. The f i n a l s e l e c t i o n depends ?n the d e e i r e d speed r a t i o between pumps, t h e arrangement of components, and the energy source of t h e t u r b i n e working f l u i d . There a r e t h r e e b a s i c turbopump d e s i g n t y p e s : 1. Geared turbopump 2. S i n g l e - s h a f t turbopump 3. Dual-ahaft turbopump Geared Turbopump The geared turbopump d e s i g n c o n f i g u r a t i o n u t i l i z e e a gear box w i t h which t o d r i v e t h e f u e l and o x i d i z e r pump a t d i f f e r e n t epeeds w i t h a a i n g l e t u r b i n e d r i v e aesembly. Figure 12 containrr a cutaway photograph of a LOX/RP-~ g e a r turbopump c o n f i g u r a t i o n t h a t i s c u r r e n t l y i n s e r v i c e i n a 150,000pound-thrust b o o e t e r engine. �PUMP FLOW RATE Figure 11. - GPM Maxhmm rotational speeds allowed by varioas limite. �Figure 12. Geared Twbopwp. �Single-Shaft Turbopumg The turbopump photographs shown in Fig. l3and 14 are of single-shaft turbopump configurations. In this type design, both the oxidizer and fuel pumps a r e driven on one shaft by a single turbine. The turbopump shown in Fig.13 is for an engine rated at 70,000 pound8 thrust. The single-shaft turbopump assembly shown in Fig. 14 is being used in LWRP-1, 1,500,000-pound-thrust engine. Dual-Shaft Turbopump The dual-shaft turbopump configuration utilizes separate shafts to drive the oxidizer and fuel pump8 st the best speed to meet the head and flow ia driven requirement of the propellanta that are being pumped. Each p~ by its uwn turbine; pump speeds heads and flows can be adjusted independently with this type pump installation. Dual-shaft configurations are used for pumping propellant combinations that have large differences in density; one such propellant combination is ~0../4. Photos shown in Fig. 15. and b are of dual-shaft, LOX and turbopumps respectively, for a 200,000- 3 pound-thrust engine application. In dual-shaft installation, the turbine8 can be installed either in series or in parallel to one anothar. �Figure 13. S i q l e @aft'Porboprrmp Fop P d Thrast Engine. 70,000 �Figare 14. Tarbopa~~g For 130UK Tbnuf Engine. ��TCRBOPUP DE%'I%OF?.IATSAPPLICABLE TO TIIE GEX3XA.L ECONOMY Items presented in this section have been developed in connection with turbopumps and may have some applicability to the general econoqy. The turbopump, in configuration, is simply constituted. It ie made up of two p m p s and a single turbine variouly mounted on a single shaft or, in the past, a gear box has been used to transmit power from t h e turbine. Both roller and ball bearings which will take radial and a n a l loade impoaed on the rotating assembly have been used. Dynamic seals are ueed at the impeller and on the shaft to control leakage and thruet, and are placed to prevent mixing of the propellants. Positive static seals are need in the stationary assembly to prevent the hazard8 of external leakage, The remaining major components are the paup volute, turbine manifold and the shaft, the former of b%ich must contain either high-preseure or hightemperature fluid within a sound structure, and the latter must transmit torque through spline or curvic couplinge. These components will suffer and withstand deflections, temperature gradients, miaalipenta, etc. Figure 16 ahows a cavitating-type inducer mounted on the shaft with the pump impeller. k d e r cond'ition of low inlet Xet Positive Sbction Head the inducer operates in a cavitating condition but provides a head rise sufficient to suppress cavitation in the main impeller and thua permit8 it to work satisfactorily. High-speed pumps can, therefore, be operated at a much lower inlet head than conventional pumps, and the net gain i r very much lighter and smaller turbomachinery. Figure 17 shows the weight ��Figare 17. Turbopump weight/turbine nhaft horaepowar vereus tarbopnmp rotational apeed. �reduction obtained by increased turbopump rotational speed. Moet of Thir these gains have been made possible by improvements to the inducer. weight saving is critical in flight hardiiare and is also~importantfor commercial machinery because lower weight and smaller size often result8 An important parameter for an inducer is the suction specific speed at which it is able, to operate and develop head. The* improvement in suction performance obtained by utilizing a low flow coin reduced costs. efficient inducer is illustrated in Fig. 18. Conventional pump8 are limited by head loss from cavitation to a suction apecific speed from 5000 to 8000, whereas rocket engine pumps as a result of inteneive develop- ment efforts over the years have been improved to 40,000 in water. r The important design parameters for an inducer giving approximately 35,000 suction specific speed in water are shown in Table 3. It is important to note that cavitation performance is poorest in cold water and other liquids having similar thermodynamic properties. The described inducer will give in excess of 40,000 suction specific speed in liquids (such as liquid oxygen) that are being pumped near their boiling point. In liquid hydrogen, the auction specific speed attainable ie over 70,000. The blades of the inducer at design conditions operate under cavitating conditions with consequent wear to the inducer and surrounding case. Thir is of only minor consideration in short life rocket engine pumps, but i m a aerious limitation in commercial p m p s that require long-operating life. It has limited the application of these inducers,but prewhirl offer. possible means of alleviating this problem. r ���A great deal of this cavitation can be suppressed and possibly eliminated if a technique known as prewhirl is used. Figure19 illustrate6 the application of preb-hirl to the inlet of a cavitating inducer, centrifugal . pump combination. Prebhirl consists of bjpaseing a small quantity ot high-pressure pump discharge flow to the inducer inlet. This secondary flow of high-energy fluid swirls around the inlet pipe outside a ~ u l u s and suppresses inducer backflow and cavitation. Fig. 20 a and b . This is illustrated in This first photograph indicates the inducer cavitat- ing during normal pump operation, The second photo shows the same inducer with prewhirl in operation. Notice the great reduction in backflow and mvitation and the general smoothing of the flow. There is also a large . reduction in pump discharge pressure oscillationsbas illustrated in Fig.21 Prewhirl will also increase the suction specific speed of an inducer. The prewhirl is in the direction of rotation and can thus reduce the N e r head of the pump. This is an aid in broadening the operating range, as the stall range can be extended and efficient operation achieved at low-flow conditions. Depending on requirements, from 2 to 15 percent of the p m p flow is bjpaseed for prewhirl. Bypassing lower head fluid from the inducer discharge rather than from the pump diecharge offere a means of reducing the loss associated with the process because of the improved ejectory efficiency of lover momentum bypass fluid, . ���Figure 21. Iduaer osoillation reduotion. �SEALS A great deal of development work has been done on rocket engine turbopump shaft seals. While particular emphasis has been on cryogenics, the reaults are applicable to seale in other extreme environments. The basic seal tj-pes are shorn in Fig.22 . In the past, comercia1 machinery hae ex- tensively used the packing box seal. This seal alwaya ha8 Borne leakage and historically haa been a very troublesome device. The requirement. of reduced lehkage, higher shaft speeds, and improved reliability have resulted in the development of the mechanical aeal. Normally, an elaetomer such,as a rubber O-ring has been used on the secondary seal that seals along the path of the axial movement of the nosepiece carrier. Severe operating regimes of both very low and high temperatures have led to the development of k liptype secondary seal for rocket engine applications. Dynamic shaft seal developments during the past 2 or 3 years have pointed out the advantages of using metal bellows-type face seals (Fig.23 ) for the severe applications of the aerospace industry. The extreme temperatare requirements, often from as low as -423 F to as high as +lo00 F, have directed most of the face-type seal test effort toward the bellows. The all-metal construction allowa the seal to operate at temperature6 which are only 1imited.b~the capability of the metal inatead of this usual elastomer secondary seal that is used in moat standard applications. A properly deeigned bellows seal ie capable of withstanding ertremely high fluid pressure throughout large temperature ranges for long periods of time without the worry of elaatomer deterioration and cure date expiration. For this reaeon, the bellows-type seal hae many potential applica- tione for industrial usage. At the present time, t h e bellows eeal is more ��Figure 23. Bellm Seal. �expensive than the conventional elastoner t y p e ; however, as the rate of usage increases and the bellows are fabricated in volume, it is reasonable to expect that the costa may be comparable. Actually, &en replacement costs are considered, the bellows seal may be leas expensive in the long run, even at present prices. Mechanical seals operating in a lubricating media auch as oil can have practically no leakage. Such is not the case, however, when sealing a nonlubricant like gaseoue nitrogen. In this caae, the leakage rates can have an acceptably low value of 6 scim of gas sealing against 30 pounds pressure, at 8000 fpm seal surface speed for a 2-inch-diameter seal. HIGH-LOAD , HIGH-SPEED BEARINGS Ekperimental investigations conducted for space development programs have been effective in breaking down barriers and extending previously accepted limitations of speed, loading, and cooling of the rolling contact bearings. Prior to 1955, 1,000,000 DN (bore in millimeters multiplied by speed in rpm) was considered to be extremely fast for ball and roller bearings. Because of the advances in bearing geometry and lubrication techniques required for turbomachinery applications, bearings operating at 1,500,000 DN are fairly commonplace, and have proved to be reliable. It was found, for instance, that highly loaded roller bearings equipped with inner-land riding cages are quite difficult to lubricate properly at altitudes of 100,000 feet and more; similar bearings equipped with outer-land riding cages, providing easy lubricant entry, experienced no difficulty d e r vacuum environmentr. \ �It has been found that the maximum compressive stresa existing between races and rolling elements can be extended almost to the plastic flav range if proper lubrication techniques are employed. It ie paramount to maintain a heat balance in which heat is removed from the bearing at the rate it is generated at a temperature low enough to maintain proper materiala properties. Bearings may be made to accept high loads and speeds with proper lubrication by conventional lubricants such as oils. However, an advantage c a n be obtained by using process fluid as the tearing coolant/lubricant. Fkperimental investigations have shown that with proper material selection, such fluids as RP-1, LH2, N 0 LRFNA, and X2 can cool high-speed 2 4' (1,000,000 DN) ball bearings. In another investigation, it was s h w n that by careful attention to detail design of ball bearings, the operating speeds and loads can be elrtended A ball bearing cooled by 3 has been operated for short periods at speeds to 4,000,000 DN, and for useful duration8 at 3,000,000 DN. using coolants with little or no lubricity. . In summary, it might be stated that experimental programs aimed at development of rocket engine turbomachinery have freed users of rolling contact bearings from some of the limitations in apeed, load, and lubricants formerly accepted by induatry in general. �RECEUT ADVAhCES IN MECMICAL GEARING TRANSMISSIONS Between 1958 and 1964 there has been a slow but steady advancement in the load carrying capacity on aerospace and rocket engine gearing. There have been no major breakthroughs but the combination of empirical metallurgy and better quality control has resulted in gearing with 1-1/2 to 2 times its previous load carrying ability. Quality assurance begins with the'rigid control of the alloy composition and is almost continuous during the pouring, forging, cutting, and heattreating operations. * Most of the material for aerospace gears is produked by the double vacuum melted proceqs using consumable electrodes. Ektreme cleanliness is a must and carbon content of the alloy is controlled in some instances within 0.02 percent. Heat-treatment cycles are specified and then rigiqly controlled. are stress relieved in dual cycles of +3OO to -100 F. Parts The latest carburiz- ing furnaces are of the stainless-steel retort type with infrared analysis and control of the carburizing atmosphere. Sample slugs and sample parts are subjected to the identical heat-treating process as the production parts. The samples must'be acceptable by metallurgical evaluation before the parts are purchaeed. Sample parts are then run at conditions equal or greater than actual operating conditiona. Failure of a mandacturerls parts to pass these quafificetion tests means disqualification of the manufacturer aa a supplier. . �Improvements in the accuracy of measilriug devices have made it possible to tighten tolerances and still maintain the ability to measure with repeatability. Ten years ago, some manufacturers talked in terms of 0.0001 of an inch and were able to measure to 0.0002 to 0.0005 inch. Today, the same people talk in terms of millionths of an inch and measure repeatedly in a range of 0.0001 to 0.00005 inch and as low as 5 microinchea. To accomplish this, the measuring instruments and parts are kept in socalled white rooms where temperature, humidity, and dirt levels are rigidly controlled. Surface finishes are now measured as to finish, lay, and waviness. * It has been found that these factors have a ,reat influence on scoring resietence of the gear surface. Shot peening of gears used in the past, as a corrective measure, is now part of the original design to induce beneficial compressive stresses and relieve discontinuities in gear roots, webs, and rims. Increases of up to 50 percent improvements in fatigue life have been obtained in some instances. The same peening procedures are used on splines and couplings with similar results. Improvements have been made in design theory. Profile modifications used , to be a matter of experience. Today, detailed profile measurements, deflectione, and calculations are made all along the line of action. &tire profile modification8,art calculated before a gear is run, thus decreasing scoring, finding, and compressive failure#. �Root stresses are now calculated with much greater accuracy and loads of 1-112 to 2 times those of a few years ago are being used. Unit loads of 40,000 t9 45,000 and bending stresses of 80,000 psi are common practice An index of the compressive strength of a gear is the K factor. ?reduction gears are running today with K for life cycles up to 10,000,000. values of over 2000, whereas high. I( values of 900 used to be conaidered as Metallurgy and a dimensional accuracy have been the moet important contributing factor.. Ten years ago, a pitch-line relocity of 20,000 ft/min was considered a maximum to prevent scoring failures. Today, the ability to more accurately control gear-face surface conditions and the use of lubricant additives hare relieved the scoring problem to the extent that pitch line velocities of 50,000 ft,/min are obtainable. The greatest area of improvement occurred in lubrication of aerospace gearing. For example, kerosene by itself can carry only 500 lb/in. of face loading. By the addition of 3 percent by volume of extreme pressure additives, load carrying capacity of over 6000 lb/in. of face has been demonstrated. Gears pretested with an extreme pressure film of millionths of an inch thickness can later be operated in kerosene only at loads up to 4000 lb/in. It appears it may be feasible to pretreat gears and bearings with extreme pressure films before putting them in actual service and then nm them in any reasonable coolant. # This theory has been demonstrated under controlled laboratory conditions; howdver, additional research must be done before it can be applied to comerical transmissions. The use of dry-film lubricants is more prevalent and offers a potential future especially for rpliner. �Special nitrited surface gears have been run at extremely high temperatures (600 F) and bearings and couplings have been operated at -300 and -420 F in gases and liquids of pure oxygen and hydrogen. LoaQs have aot.been extremely high on 'gears,but they can carry significant loads (500 to 1000 1b;in.) for short timee. Present gears can carry approximately 40 horeepover for every pound of gear box and with a reliability of as high aa 0.9996.It is felt that the procedures, controls, and experience described could be applied to everyday industrial applications, resulting in lighter, more efficient, more reliable industrial products. a DEVELOEENT OF ALUMINUM ALLOY CASTINGS In the early fifties, design values for ultimate strength and yield strengkh of castable aluminum alloys were approximately 23,000 and 15,000 psi, respectively. As a result of considerable research and development work in the aerospace industries in recent years, one can now confidently use values of over 45,000 psi ultimate and 56,000 yield. One of the most widely used general purpose castable aluminum alloys has been 356-T6. of the Imparities like iron, however, limit the heat treatability 356 alloy. The iron forms needle-shaped crystala that are brittle and it is, therefore, not possible to heat treat the alloy f d l y without serious damage to ductility. �The alloy Tens-50 developed at Rocketdyne overcame this defect in 356 by modifying the shape of the brittle iron crystals to harmless modules through a beryllium addition. A further improvement was also made by increasing the heat treatable hardening constituents (magnesium and silicon) resulting in a higher heat treatable etrength. The composition of 356 and Tens-50 is compared in Table 4. Succeseful reeults in minimizing casting porosity because of gas or shrinkage have been achieved by the combined effect of controlled melting techniques and extensive me af chills in the mold design. Normal melting precautions such as control of purity of furnace charges, proper degassing procedures, and controlled holding and pouring t e m p ,eratures are important in the production of porosity-free aluminum caatinga. 3 Statistical analysis shows, however, that these precautions do not guarantee consistantly sound castings. When good melting add pouring techniques are combined,with the extensive use of Leary chills in the mold design, a real improvement is achieved because of the extremely rapid solidification. AB an example of the properties achieved in an actual caeting, a Tens 50T60 aluminum alloy sand casting of a turbopump volute was metallurgically analyzed. This test is part of the routine metallurgical evaluations that are performed on all Rocketdpe castings. Fifty-two r o d (0,250 inch diameter) teat bars were machined from the casting. Table 5 shows the results. Ultimate strength as high as 49,800 psi, yield etrength am high as 38,100 psi and elongations of a maximum of 8.5 percent were obtained. �TABLE 4 - b EIE?Ell"rS i Tens-50 356 w 5 si 6.5 % 0.25 - 7.5 7.6 -8.6 0.15 - - @.LO 0.ho Be C 0.10 0.55 0.30 - 0.20 Ti 0.20 Fax ~a 0.13 Cn 0.10 Fax 0.10 Max m 0.50 F2x 0.20 Fax Zn 0.05 :?ax 0.20 Max Al Reminder Renainder - 0.30 0.30 Max n �, f.2 ----. -- . z'€ -- 6.5. 0 0 1 ' H CoQ'w2 - OW' lb 006 'st, 002 'Lt7 006'sC S'P S'S 9 C . 2 o w ' 9~ tr 000 '9c ---- 008'SC 0.c cozg9€ 4 'L - C.9 - 001'PC --00%' Sf - ooB'6t7 -.. 00 b'btr 009 ' 6 000'5~ -- . I. -- - -.- PJ!fl I ~ y J- uj O n l I!J3 ~=ra .capu!iAa ( ~ I Y I sI~llnO Iw!4!J3'U0N 'kern a(n10~ p~epuets I*!+!'3 c 2 '31t11"5 - . I ~ a ( t ! l d -s ~ b 3 p6 ~ 1 1 ~ ~ 1 1 SJb(t!ldS )o J b ( u 8 3 z J@!l!ldS . bu!peal I ~ J ! ) ! J ~ I ~a((!lds'-a6pa € c c. a)+ ~ F ~ ~ I -.on A J lm! I!J3'"91 -- I*? l!'3 2 PJWU~S 9 €. 9 s'8 0:L .--- 9 t, ----. -- --__. .---. L'c -.-. QVO'l3 i \Pa!\!'J I=!f!Ja --- . 15d-0131~ --. . zanhol anhuq- -- - a)p3 bu!pes) NOILV307 3 0 ~ ~ 3 - - - - .. �Individual test bare machined from the most significant arear of the caeting were analyzed microscopically and the resulta are shown in Fig.24 . �PHOTOMICROGRAPHIC STUDY AND MECHANICA PROPERTIES OF F-1 FUEL VOLUTE TENS 50-160 ALUMINUM ALLOY SAND CASTING. WEIGHT OF CASTING: 400 POUNDS 3.0% ELONG 39.300 PSI 2.0%ELONO 49.200 PSI 43,700 tL( 36.206 PSI 4.0% ELOW 6.0%ELOW Figure 24. Photomicrographic etudy and mechanical propertier o f P-1 Fnel Volute Tern 5 0 - ~ 6 0Alnminnm Alloy Sand cmting. Weight of casting: 400 pound.. 55 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000036 Title A name given to the resource "Advances in Pumping Technology and Rocket Engine Turbopump Applications." Description An account of the resource Presented by Charles A. MacGregor, Supervisor, Advanced Turbomachinery during Workshop D, Royce Hall, Room 160 at UCLA on 2 June 1964, as a part of the NASA-UCLA Symposium and Workshop on the Transformation of Knowledge and Its Utilization. The introduction notes, "This report is divided into two general parts. The first part is a description of turbopumps for liquid rocket engines as they exist today. For completeness and understanding, some background information is included on why turbopumps have evolved to their present configurations. The second part suggest portions of this effort that may have some applicability to the general economy." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource MacGregor, Charles A. North American Aviation. Rocketdyne Division Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964-06-02 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn Project (U.S.) Liquid propellant rockets Turbine pumps Turbomachinery Type The nature or genre of the resource Reports Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 11, Folder 33 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000027_000050 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/119/7707/r02g07-43.pdf 76a7e6724cc308d189314ab4f973e98a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Series 02, Subseries G: Roberts Correspondence Title A name given to the resource Series 02, Subseries G: Roberts Correspondence Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context r02g07-43 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Frances Cabaniss Roberts Collection Series 2, Subseries G, Box 7, Folder 43 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Title A name given to the resource Letter Concerning Whites/Salt Makers, to Roberts, Frances C., 1971 Relation A related resource r02g-210915 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Madigan, Mary Lou S. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-03-26 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource History–Research Professional correspondence Salt Industry of Clay County, Kentucky Type The nature or genre of the resource Correspondence Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/36/528/loc_hutc_531_536.pdf fba4c39ddc76d69a69148b94fae797ac PDF Text Text ALABAMA'S CONSTITUTION HALL,1819 HUNTSVILLE SITE,ALABAMA'S FIRST CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Here, on July 5, 1819 forty,four deJe, gates from twenty,two Counties In . the Alabama Territory met to frame a State Constitution which was accepted and signed August 2. 1819; Convention leadership was f urnished by two Huntsvllllans, John Williams Walker, president. and Clement Comer Clay, chairman of a committee appoi nted to draft the document. Artist's conception of the framed building at the northwest corner of Gates and Franklin Streets in Huntsville, where the Constitution to organize the State of Alabama was drafted. The building that housed this historic meeting was often used as a theater during the years 1819 and 1820. In 1821, it was removed to make way for the building of a larger theater, which burned before construction was completed. In 1969, the Huntsville Historical Society and the Alabama Historical Association erected on this site the marker shown above . .__,I 1/ _J I. � . � MltOJSON (OUr,/TY Col,JitrHOUS!. I In commemoration of the 150th anniversary of the signing of Alabama's Constitution, the Huntsville Historical Society is sponsoring a movement to preserve this important site and to reconstruct on it the Constitution Hall and other historic buildings which stood in this immediate area in 1819. Courtesy of The American National Bank �Signatures of the Delegates who Drafted Alabama's Original Constitution Signed in Huntsville Augu,st 2nd, 1819 courtesy Madison County Board of Commissioners on the occasion of The 150th Anniversary Celebration, August 2nd, 1969 iJ, � ,,,_.;µ� ,I"- «�'77- £�� f � d,1z:) d-t:-, c/4� zf'�� 7?�7 .�?tcwn�IJI ;.. y_ ..:,_ 1.;l:! "':,fo.,.,."d. ,,.£{ e.. .c.. «--· ✓/4,,., a.,-nc,'}f;,, ff_,_w£#ez::jj �dm4 �4 �l,o0:_h/G l:'� �� 7-�-6'11/.tA/A.., �1819 CONSTITUTION OF 'l'HE STATE OF ALABA.>.ffi Drafted durir;g t:,e C-:>r,stitutional Convention which convened in Huntsville on <July 5, 1819 to 0rga�1ize the State of Alabama. Adopted and signed on August 2, 1819 by the 44 delegates elected t,c, the Convention from the 22 counties in Ala­ bama ':'erritory. The 22 counties iu 1819 as shown on the original Constitution and the r1u111ber of delegates from each county were: rtadisoD - 8, Cotaco (now Morgan) - 2 includiPg the President Clark - 2 of the Convention Cahaba (now Bibb) - 1 Mor,roe - 4 Conecuh - 1 Blomrt - 3 Dallas - 1 Marengo - 1 .Limestone - 3 Marion - 1 Shelby - 2 Montgomery - 2 Lauderdale - 1 Was\,ingt-?n •- 2 St. Clair -- 1 7�skaloo8a - 2 Aotauga - 1 ;j.J.Wre, icP. - 2 Haldw·.i.ll - 1 Fr&nklin - 2 Mobile - 1 On October 25, 1819 the F'irst Ceneral Assembl.:r (Legislat1,;re) of the State of Alabama convened in f·lua!:.�ITille, !.,he t�mporary State Capital. Alabama's first Governor, William Wyatt H:i.t,i), was 'i.x>at,gurated I�ovember 9, 1819 i,1 the Madison County Court­ ho�se. Co:1gres2 declared Al-:1bama the 22nd �;tate on December 14, 1819. In 1861 +,he State Df.' ;\lal)ama ud,;pted a new C.or:.stitution, and at that time this 1819 docu­ ment, bf3came e,bscl<r.,8. 01,tter State Constitutions were adopted in 1865, 1868, 1875 and lQOl. '!he ::;·!:,a-te ,. .t' hJ.. ahama cux-re!•.tly c•pera-tes under the Constitution of 1901. (Doc;,ime:1t c•.·; 1.·,a!, .f'c.·•••: :_.r.,� l'lcp,.1:r.-t.:aP.rt of' l\rc�JiV•J3 and History, Montgomery, Alabama) .''i.'l.c ::t,i:-,,e ·Lr,formati,m is displayed with the Con3titution) fl.labama' :-i ori1�:i.ral (.o,,sti -'.:.11ticn h;.w ·oee�1 on display in the lobby of the Madison Gcunt;v C;;:;rth1 ;1;:;c s1.1,(;e ;-•i.'3.J l, 1$69. Nilo B. Howard, Director of' the State of Ala­ bama jX)parLi11ent, (d.' .l\rcl1i·1(,s ar.d History, personally transported the document to Huntsville in his c«-r J'r-om its place of safe-keeping in Montgomery. "I could have asked for tl1e Sta-Le airplane to hring the or·iginal Alabama Constitution to Hunts­ ville, but 1 r·easor;ed that the document would he safer being transported in a car. If the plane had crashed the irreplaceable document would likely have been destroyed, but if it was in a car, even :i.n the event of an accident in which I might lose my life, it is ver:,y prohahle that the document, protected by a metal container, would have survived,·• sai.d Mr. Howard. T�le c;,;,nsti.'Cuti0n was wri+,ten by hand on sheets of sheepskin parchment which were overlapped� sealed with red sealing wax, then overlaced with blue grosgrain ribbon to form a continoilS document about twenty feet in length. The handwriting is be1ie1Ted to l"Je that C).f ,iolm Camphell, tl1e �,ecretary of the 1819 Constitutional Conven­ tion, with the 44 delegates adding their own signatures at the end of the document. Mrs. Burke S. Fisk and i"lrs. Richard H. Gilliam, Jr. designed the Constitution display case which was made by Mr. John Castleberry, all of Huntsville. The case is made of pine, bathwood, and plywood with ¼ 11 plate glass or. the top and sides, and is lined with dark blue cotton suede cloth. It was purposely designed to be low in front so that school children could easily view the document. The Consti­ tution is displayed in Huntsville under the care of the Madison County Board of Commissioners as part of Alabama's Sesquicentennial Celebration. �DELEGATES TO TnE ALABAMA CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION IN HUNTSVILLE July 5, 1819-August 2, 1819 Names given in order of signatures on the original Constitution MADISON COUNTY J. W. Walker, President of the Convention Clement C. Clay John Leigh Townes Henry.Chambers Lemuel Mead Henry Minor Gabriel Moore John M. Taylor MONROE COUNTY. John Murphy John Watkins James Pickens Tho . Wiggins BLOUNT COUNTY Isaac Browne John Brown Gabriel Hanby LIMESTONE OOUNTY Thomas Bibb Beverley Hughes Nicholas Davin SHELBY COUNTY Geo. Phillips Thomas Amis Rogers MONTGOMERY COUNTY John Dandridge Bibb James W. Armstrong WASHINGTON COUNTY Israel Pickens Henry Hitchcock TUSKALOOSA COUNTY M. Duke Williams Jno. L. Tindall LAWRENCE OOUNTY Arthur F. Hopkins Daniel Wright FRANKLIN COUNTY William Metcalfe Richard Ellis COTACO COUNTY (Now Morgan) Thos. D. Crabb Melkijah Vaughan CLARK COUNTY Reuben Saffold James Magoffin CAHABA COUNTY (Now Bibb) Littlepage Sims CONECUH COUNTY Saml. Cook DALLAS COUNTY William R. King MARENGO COUNTY Washington Thomson MARION COUNTY John D. Terrell LAUDERDALE COUNTY Hugh McVay ST. CLAIR COUNTY David Connor AUTAUGA OOUNTY James Jackson BALDWIN COUNTY Harry Toulmin MOBILE COUNTY S. H. Garrow Secretary of the Convention John Campbell �SALUTE TO THE ALABAMA FLAG: Flag od Alabama, I salute thee. To thee I pledge my allegiance, my service, and my life. STATE SONG: The words of "Alabama," the State song were written by Miss Julia S. Tutwiler, a distinguished educator and humanitarian. It was first sung to an Austrian air but in 1931 through the interest of the Alabama Federation of Music Clubs, a tune written by Mrs. Edna Gockel Gussen, of Birmingham, was adopted by the Legislature as the official State song. The Bill was introduced by the Hon. Tyler Goodwin. of Montgomery, and was approved by Governor B. M. Miller. The inspiration for writing the poem "Alabama" came to Miss Tutwiler after she returned to her native State from Germany where she had been studying new educational methods for girls and women. She found the people of Alabama greatly depressed due to Reconstruction conditions following the War Between the States. She recalled '\,hat in Germany partriotism was kept aflame by spirited songs. She thought that it would be helpful toward restoring the spirits of our own people to give them a new partiotic song; so she wrote a father-land song for us and called it "Alabama." 11 ALABAMA 11 4 1 Alabama, Alabama, We will aye be true to t,hee, From thy Southern shore where groweth, By the sc:a thine orange tree. 'f'o thy Nor"thern vale where floweth Deep and hJ.ue they Tennessee, Aiabam:,., Alabama� We w.i.11 aye be true to t,bee: From the quarries where the marble White as that of Paros gleams Waiting till thy sculptor's chisel, Wake to life thy poet's dreams; For not only wealth of nature, Wealth of mind hast thou to fee, Alabama, Alabama, We will aye be true to thee! Bro:,.d the Stream whose naoie i;hou bearest; Grand thy B:i gbee rol1s along; Fair -l;h_y Coosa-•r allap'>osa Bold th_y Wax-r.ior, dar« and str.ong, Goodlier -;;J1an the land 1,hat ,'4,,ses Climbed lone Nebo' s Mricmt, i,0 see, Alabama, A1.ahama: We will aye be true to thee! J From thy prairies broad and fertile, Where thy snow-white cotton shines, To the hills where coal arid iron Hide in thy exhanstless mines, Strong-armed miners-sturdy farmers: Loyal hearts wbat'er we be, Alabama, Alabama, We will aye be true to the�! Where the perfumed south wind whispers, Thy mag�olia groves among, Softer than a mother's kisses, Sweeter than a mother's song; Where the golden jasmine trailing, Woos the treasure-laden bee, Alabama, Alabama, We will aye be true to thee! 6 Brave and pure thy men and women, Better this than corn and wine, Make us worthy, God in Heaven Of th:Ls goodly land of Thine, Hearts as open as our doorways, Liberal hands and spirits free, Alabama, Alabama, We will aye be true to thee! 2 5 7 Little, little, can I give thee, Alabama: mother mine; Bat that little-hands, brain, spirit, All I have and am are thine, Take, 0 take the gift and giver, Take and serve thy self with me, Alabama, Alabama, I will aye be true to theel by Miss Julia S. Tutwiler. From Alabama State Emblems, Alabama State Department of Archives and History Montgomery, Alabama � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Eleanor Hutchens Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Eleanor Hutchens Collection Description An account of the resource Eleanor Newman Hutchens (October 9, 1919 to November 9, 2016) attended Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Georgia, majoring in English and Greek. After receiving her B.A. in 1940, she attended the University of Pennsylvania, acquiring an M.A. and Ph.D. in English literature (“Eleanor Hutchens - Obituary”). Hutchens first held a part-time teaching position at the University of Alabama in Huntsville in 1955, then joined the faculty with a full-time position in 1957. She taught English, her specialties the English novel, literary criticism, and 18th century literature. Hutchens also chaired the steering committee “for its initial accreditation and the first committee for the selection of majors,” and served as the first elected president of the Faculty Senate. She moved to Agnes Scott College in 1961, remaining there until 1966. She eventually returned to UAH and remained a member of its English department until her retirement in 1979 (“Eleanor Hutchens - Obituary”). Hutchens wrote prolifically over and after her career, publishing Irony in Tom Jones, Writing to Be Read, and “numerous articles in national and international journals” (“Eleanor Hutchens - Obituary”). Hutchens was very active even outside of her academic career, serving as "president of the Huntsville Hotel Company, owner of the Russell [sic] Erskine Hotel, and as a director of the Huntsville Land Company, the West Huntsville Land Company, and the Mountain Heights Development Company.” She was "a founder and charter member of the board of Randolph School," a board member of the Huntsville Public Library and the Huntsville Symphony, and "an active member of the [Episcopalian] Church of Nativity.” Hutchens was also a member of "the Historic Huntsville Foundation, the Huntsville Historical Society, the Botanical Garden, the Burritt Museum of Art, the Huntsville Museum of Art, and the Friends of the Huntsville Public Library” (“Eleanor Hutchens - Obituary”). Sources “Eleanor Hutchens - Obituary.” Legacy.com, 3 Jan. 2019, www.legacy.com/obituaries/name/eleanor-hutchens-obituary?pid=182447617. Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/156">View the Eleanor Hutchens Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context loc_hutc_531_536 Title A name given to the resource Materials related to the 1819 Alabama constitution. Description An account of the resource Produced as part of the Alabama sesquicentennial celebration, the packet includes a flier for Constitution Hall, a copy of the signatures from the 1819 constitution, a brief historical sketch, a list of the delegates to the constitutional convention, and the lyrics to the state song. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Madison County Commission (Ala.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Alabama. Constitution (1819) Alabama --Politics and government Alabama Sesquicentennial Celebration, 1969 Statehood (American politics) Huntsville (Ala.) Madison County (Ala.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Fliers Leaflets Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Eleanor Hutchens Collection Box 5 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource loc_hutc_2019_02 Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. This collection is digital only. The heirs of Eleanor Hutchens retain the originals. https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/11028/Docurepo_100107112915.pdf 12329bd7ee340e61c0da2726514e4182 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Docurepo.pdf spc_stnv_000257 Title A name given to the resource "Documentation Repository." Description An account of the resource This brochure describes, for the benefit of documentation users, the services and materials that are available from the Documentation Repository. The present operations of the Repository are illustrated to provide a comprehensive picture of work flow, time scheduling and product output. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Management Services Office. North American Rockwell Corporation. Space Division Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-11-01 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn project Document storage Information management Documentation Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Brochures Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 15, Folder 11 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000250_000274 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/17342"> View this item in ArchivesSpace</a> https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/10285/Toolandengibran_051410112851.pdf e7cb6867a9943006653cc520ceadae8a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Toolandengibran_051410112851.pdf spc_stnv_000914 Title A name given to the resource "Tool and Engineering Branch publication report." Description An account of the resource Report list detailing the state of manufacturing plans as either "Rough" or "Final" drafts. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory. MSFC. NASA. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-03-01 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn project Machining Project management Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Reports Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 31, Folder 1 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000900_000924 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/18084 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/204/14510/IMG_3107.jpeg 0533b9f97f407fbe3228ec334fc3e269 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HON 399 Research in London Title A name given to the resource HON 399 Research in London Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Flamsteed House, London 2024 Description An account of the resource The Flamsteed House, where the Royal Astronomers stayed with their families. The first astronomer and family to live there was the John Flamsteed with his family. This house was built in 1676, however the picture was taken March 15th, 2024. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marini, Chloe A Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Marini, Chloe A Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024-03-15 Subject The topic of the resource Astronautical instruments Astronomers--Great Britain--Biography Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. “Margaret Flamsteed,” by Chloe A Marini, HON 399 Research in London, Spring 2024 Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/204/14656/IMG_3114.jpeg 5ccb3897dcead32c97a5b642d8cda673 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HON 399 Research in London Title A name given to the resource HON 399 Research in London Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource View of Queen's House and River Thames, March 2024 Description An account of the resource This is the physical imagery captured by the Camera Obscura at the Flamsteed House in March 2024 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marini, Chloe A Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Marini, Chloe A Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 15, 2024 Subject The topic of the resource Camera obscuras Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. “Margaret Flamsteed,” by Chloe A Marini, HON 399 Research in London, Spring 2024 Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/207/14735/The_Montgomery_Advertiser_1995_09_30_51.jpg 744b1fd021baa40b8319d77325d47632 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RCEU Faith Based AIDS Responses in 1980s and 1990s Alabama Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Morgon Newquist Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The_Montgomery_Advertiser_1995_09_30_51 Title A name given to the resource Picture of Malcolm Marler teaching an AIDS seminar in the Montgomery Advertiser Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990-1999 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Montgomery Advertiser, Newspapers.com, Ancestry.com (LLC) Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1995-09-30 Description An account of the resource A picture from a digitization of the Montgomery Advertiser of Malcolm Marler teaching an AIDS seminar for clergy in 1995. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mark Miller Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Montgomery advertiser Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Montgomery (Ala.) Subject The topic of the resource AIDS (Disease) HIV (Viruses) AIDS (Disease) in mass media AIDS (Disease)--Religious aspects AIDS Education AIDS Education and Ministry Project at UAB Marler, Malcolm, 1955- Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspapers Clippings https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/207/14736/limestonecorrectionalfacilityeducationflyers.jpg 406abcfd6f32009916bd00f7d8ac0fb3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RCEU Faith Based AIDS Responses in 1980s and 1990s Alabama Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Morgon Newquist Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context limestonecorrectionalfacilityeducationflyers Title A name given to the resource A Picture of AIDS Education Flyers at Limestone Correctional Facility from a newspaper digitization. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mark Miller Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990-1999 Subject The topic of the resource HIV (Viruses) AIDS (Disease) AIDS (Disease) in mass media Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspapers Clippings https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/207/14665/The_Selma_Times_Journal_1995_11_03_6-2.jpg 4d25b4540eaec8ab8d34e06a0bb5be77 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RCEU Faith Based AIDS Responses in 1980s and 1990s Alabama Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Morgon Newquist Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Newspaper ad clipping from the Selma Times Title A name given to the resource "Urgent! Urgent! A Christian Response to AIDS." Description An account of the resource A clipping of a scan of the November 3, 1995 Selma Times newspaper with an advertisement for a class to teach interested parties how to deal with AIDS in a Christian manner. U Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marler, Malcolm, 1955- Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available NewsBank, inc. Selma times Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1995-11-28 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990-1999 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Selma (Ala.) Dallas County (Ala.) Subject The topic of the resource AIDS (Disease) Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Type The nature or genre of the resource Advertisements Clippings Newspapers Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/207/14740/IMG_6407_uabmalcolmmarler2.jpg 4a0325990bc9a1c74d0a1dc73d8bf709 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RCEU Faith Based AIDS Responses in 1980s and 1990s Alabama Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Morgon Newquist Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context IMG_6407_uabmalcolmmarler2 Title A name given to the resource A Letter from The AIDS Education & Ministry Project at UAB Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Marge Ragona Collection, HIV Ministry. 2174.2.38. Birmingham Public Library Archives, Birmingham, AL. Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Description An account of the resource A letter from the Rev. Malcolm Marler at the 1917 AIDS Clinic to the Rev. Marge Ragona at the Covenant Metropolitan Community Church telling her about an Interfaith AIDS church service at Woodlawn United Methodist Church. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marler, Malcolm, 1955- Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UAB Medicine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994-08-08 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990-1999 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Jefferson County (Ala.) Birmingham (Ala.) Subject The topic of the resource AIDS (Disease) HIV (Viruses) AIDS (Disease)--Religious aspects Type The nature or genre of the resource Correspondence https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/207/14749/IMG_6460_sample.jpg 86d3ca6cfada155f4009301291756cd9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RCEU Faith Based AIDS Responses in 1980s and 1990s Alabama Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Morgon Newquist Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context IMG_6460_sample Title A name given to the resource Sample AIDS Care Team Contact Record Sheet Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marler, Malcolm, 1955- University of Alabama in Birmingham. 1917 AIDS Clinic Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990-1999 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/207/14751/IMG_6427_UABmarlerletter1.jpg e22c823d53e5c91ff92555976ff1dd4d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RCEU Faith Based AIDS Responses in 1980s and 1990s Alabama Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Morgon Newquist Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context IMG_6427_UABmarlerletter1 Title A name given to the resource A Letter to Deby Wright from AIDS Chaplain Malcolm Marler about Friday Morning Grace Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Marge Ragona Collection, HIV Ministry. 2174.2.38. Birmingham Public Library Archives, Birmingham, AL. Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marler, Malcolm, 1955- Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UAB Medicine Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1990-1999 Type The nature or genre of the resource Correspondence Description An account of the resource A letter from the Rev. Malcolm Marler at the 1917 AIDS Clinic to Deby Wright, paster at the Covenant Metropolitan Community Church in Birmingham, Alabama. He is inviting her to the Friday Morning Grace program at the clinic and detailing out the planned schedule for the class. He also explains how she can make reservations to attend. There is a personal note at the bottom from Malcolm offering prayers for the death of a man named Cliff. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994-06-15 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Birmingham (Ala.) Jefferson County (Ala.) University of Alabama in Birmingham University of Alabama in Birmingham. 1917 AIDS Clinic. Subject The topic of the resource AIDS (Disease) HIV (Viruses) HIV infections--Religious aspects AIDS Education and Ministry Project at UAB AIDS Education AIDS (Disease)--Religious aspects AIDS (Disease)--History HIV infections--Religious aspects--Christianity Marler, Malcolm, 1995- Friday Morning Grace https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/123/8226/r04a04-13.pdf fd00fe564aa4cf814a7e526c3f5b8e5a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Series 04, Subseries A: Huntsville History Title A name given to the resource Series 04, Subseries A: Huntsville History Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context r04a04-13 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Frances Cabaniss Roberts Collection Series 4, Subseries A, Box 4, Folder 13 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Title A name given to the resource Otey, Octavia Wyche Relation A related resource r04a-210924 Description An account of the resource Only the cover page is present in the online resource. The rest is restricted. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maroney, Marion Leach Subject The topic of the resource Biography Essays Otey, Octavia Aurelia Wyche, 1831-1890 Type The nature or genre of the resource Essays Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/10485/satv1750lbthrustull_070507134742.pdf 2c70063069580e4dbdaed1ad3b87885e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context satv1750lbthrustull_070507134742.pdf spc_stnv_000767 Title A name given to the resource "Saturn 1750 LB. Thrust ullage rocket engine." Description An account of the resource Report detailing the progress and status of the RDT-12 engines under construction. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marquardt Corporation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964-07-09 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn project Rocket engines--Design and construction Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Status Reports Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 12, Folder 7 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000750_000774 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/17017 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/76/3298/loc_burw_-90_93.pdf 16cdd7fb574c0ec78153fdea8f730602 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Burwell Family Collection Title A name given to the resource Burwell Family Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/145" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Burwell Family Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Description An account of the resource <a href="http://libarchstor2.uah.edu/digitalcollections/items/show/3332" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View Edwin D. Burwell's World War II service timeline, 1943-1944</a> <a href="http://libarchstor2.uah.edu/digitalcollections/items/show/3333" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View Edwin D. Burwell's World War II service timeline, 1944-1945</a> Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Materials donated and digitized by Dudley Burwell Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context loc_burw_000090, loc_burw_000093 Title A name given to the resource List of separation centers for train travel. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marr, Frank W. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-11-15 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1940-1949 Subject The topic of the resource United States. Army Railroad travel Type The nature or genre of the resource Documents Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Burwell Family Collection University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource loc_burw_2021_02 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/128/8740/r06_01-07.pdf 47a36498d8287b4e0e24417b74e869cd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Series 06: Pettus Family Title A name given to the resource Series 06: Pettus Family Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context r06_01-07 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Series 6, Box 1, Folder 7 Title A name given to the resource Pettus Genealogy Miscellaneous Relation A related resource r06-211007 Description An account of the resource Includes photographs of members of the Pettus family (some named, some unnamed) as well as correspondence and newspaper articles related to them as well. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Martin & Allardyce Pettus, Charlotte Pettus, John Payton Spragins, William E. Pitt, Elizabeth Stewart Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1640 1824-02-03 1826-09-18 1843-04-12 1846-11-05 1862 1869-12-23 1905-08 1958-12-01 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1640-1649 1820-1829 1840-1849 1860-1869 1900-1909 1950-1959 Subject The topic of the resource Family Death and burial Funeral service Burglary Diseases Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspapers Clippings Correspondence Envelopes Advertisements Photographs Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Frances Cabaniss Roberts Collection Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections.