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                  <text>Ernst Stuhlinger was born in 1913 in Niederrimbach, Germany, and died in 2008 in Huntsville, AL, USA. Stuhlinger was a German scientist brought to the United States through Operation Paperclip, and like many of his Paperclip peers, he became a naturalized United States citizen in 1955.&#13;
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Stuhlinger’s accomplishments in both promoting and advancing space travel were many. He worked as a technical consultant with Walt Disney Pictures to create “Man in Space” (1955), “Man and the Moon” (1955), and “Mars and Beyond” (1958). Stuhlinger contributed to the 1958 launch of the Explorer I satellite by inventing a timing device, helped design the solar x-ray telescope used in the Skylab space station, worked on the Apollo Telescope Mount, worked on the initial phases for what would become the Hubble Space Telescope, and authored “Ion Propulsion for Space Flight.”&#13;
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Stuhlinger served as the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville’s director of the Space Sciences Laboratory from 1960 to 1968, and then as the associate director for science from 1968 to 1975; he retired in 1975.&#13;
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After retiring, Stuhlinger joined the University of Alabama in Huntsville as an adjunct professor and senior research scientist, and he stayed on for two decades.</text>
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                <text>Ernst Stuhlinger Collection</text>
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                <text>Recognition Collection, Box 2, Folder 3.14</text>
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                <text>University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16979">
                <text>This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections.</text>
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                <text>Crowds and television cameras wait for President John F. Kennedy during his second visit to Huntsville.</text>
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                  <text>Frances Cabaniss Roberts Collection (Rescans)</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/121"&gt;View the Frances Cabaniss Roberts Collection finding aid on ArchiveSpace&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Dr. Frances Cabaniss Roberts was born December 19, 1916 in Gainesville, Alabama, a daughter of Richard H. and Mary (Watson) Roberts. She graduated from Livingston State College, earning her B.S. in 1937, and then the University of Alabama, earning her M.A. in 1940, then her PhD in 1956. Her 1940 M.A thesis was "An Experiment in Emancipation of Slaves by an Alabama Planter;" her 1956 PhD dissertation was "Background and Formative Period in the Great Bend and Madison County," 1956.&#13;
&#13;
She began her professional career as a public school teacher first in Sumter County, Alabama and then in Huntsville, Alabama, 1937-1952. In Huntsville, Roberts taught history at Huntsville High School and then at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), where she was a vigorous participant in the formation of that University. (The Extension Center, then at West Huntsville High School, opened in January 1950.) From 1955 to 1956, she was the only full-time faculty member.&#13;
&#13;
Dr. Roberts served in many roles at UAH: instructor 1953-1956; assistant professor, 1956-1959; associate professor, 1959-1961; professor of history beginning in 1961 until her retirement on August 31st, 1980. In 1988, Dr. Roberts was honored with the dedication of Roberts Recital Hall. The University System Trustees issued this statement concerning the special day: "Dr. Roberts was one of the founding faculty of the University of Alabama in Huntsville, established the University History Department, and was its first full-time history professor. She devoted 18 years to the public schools and 29 years of dedicated service to UAH and accepting only the highest scholarly standards and inspiring generations of students to expand their academic horizons."&#13;
&#13;
The collection of Dr. Roberts’ papers reflects her total immersion in the education, social, religious, musical, and literary life of the community as she led by doing. Frances Cabaniss Roberts died November 5, 2000 at the age of 83, leaving a legacy of leadership and dedication to the community.</text>
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                <text>"Educational Lift-Off: Dedication 1969."</text>
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                <text>The program dedicates three new Huntsville schools, each named for a member of the Apollo crew that died in the pad fire of February 21, 1967. This program was included in one of two scrapbooks that Christel and George McCanless made for UAH history professor Frances Roberts in 1969.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16987">
                <text>Chaffee, Roger B., 1935-1967</text>
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                <text>Grissom, Virgil I.</text>
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                <text>White, Edward Higgins, II, 1930-1967</text>
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                <text>Project Apollo (U.S.)</text>
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                <text>Frances Cabaniss Roberts Collection</text>
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                <text>University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17001">
                <text>This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/71" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;View the Ronald Lancaster Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"Personalities of Deployment Test Program at Huntsville, AL Boeing Test Facility: Quips and Quotes, Development of Lunar Rover 'Golf Cart' Astronauts Drove on the Moon, by R. Lancaster."</text>
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                <text>This album contains a series of photographs from the construction of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) at the Boeing test facility in Huntsville, Alabama. Ron Lancaster, a longtime Boeing engineer, added humorous speech bubbles and notes to the photographs, many of which depict himself and his colleagues. The album includes a group shot of the engineers with a completed LRV.</text>
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                <text>Lancaster, Ronald</text>
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                <text>Lancaster, Ronald</text>
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                <text>Contractors</text>
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                <text>Engineers</text>
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                <text>Lunar roving vehicles</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17013">
                <text>Ronald Lancaster Collection</text>
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                <text>University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama</text>
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                <text>This item was digitized for the Apollo 11 50th anniversary celebration.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html"&gt;here,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html"&gt;here,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;and&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html"&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.&lt;/p&gt;
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Stuhlinger’s accomplishments in both promoting and advancing space travel were many. He worked as a technical consultant with Walt Disney Pictures to create “Man in Space” (1955), “Man and the Moon” (1955), and “Mars and Beyond” (1958). Stuhlinger contributed to the 1958 launch of the Explorer I satellite by inventing a timing device, helped design the solar x-ray telescope used in the Skylab space station, worked on the Apollo Telescope Mount, worked on the initial phases for what would become the Hubble Space Telescope, and authored “Ion Propulsion for Space Flight.”&#13;
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Stuhlinger served as the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville’s director of the Space Sciences Laboratory from 1960 to 1968, and then as the associate director for science from 1968 to 1975; he retired in 1975.&#13;
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After retiring, Stuhlinger joined the University of Alabama in Huntsville as an adjunct professor and senior research scientist, and he stayed on for two decades.</text>
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                <text>Stuhlinger attended the launch of Apollo 11 with her husband Ernst Stuhlinger, then the Associate Director for Science at Marshall Space Flight Center. In the entries, she describes her reaction to the launch and the successful lunar landing and makes note of the celebrations she and her family attended in Huntsville. She also records her daily activities, including socializing with neighbors and shopping with her children. A translation is included.</text>
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                  <text>Christel Ludewig McCanless was born in Germany in 1939. Her father, Hermann Ludewig, was one of the V-2 engineers at Peenemuende. Consequently, she grew up in Peenemuende until an air raid in 1943 destroyed their home. McCanless and her family moved to Trebbin, Germany, which became part of East Germany after World War II.&#13;
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In 1953, Ludewig accepted a job to work with Von Braun in Huntsville, Alabama and decided to flee East Germany with his family. McCanless continued school in the United States and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English from the University of Montevallo and then graduated with a Masters in Library Science from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.&#13;
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She served as the first full-time, professional librarian at UAH. After serving as the Library Director at UAH, she worked in the Huntsville Times newspaper library, the Huntsville Museum of Art’s Art Reference Library, and the Huntsville Museum of Art’s Education Resource Center. In addition, she consulted for the Alabama Library Exchange and created workshops on technology and library science.&#13;
&#13;
McCanless is the author of "Fabergé and His Works: An Annotated Bibliography of the First Century of His Art" and a co-author of "Fabergé Eggs: A Retrospective."</text>
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                  <text>Dr. Frances Cabaniss Roberts was born December 19, 1916 in Gainesville, Alabama, a daughter of Richard H. and Mary (Watson) Roberts. She graduated from Livingston State College, earning her B.S. in 1937, and then the University of Alabama, earning her M.A. in 1940, then her PhD in 1956. Her 1940 M.A thesis was "An Experiment in Emancipation of Slaves by an Alabama Planter;" her 1956 PhD dissertation was "Background and Formative Period in the Great Bend and Madison County," 1956.&#13;
&#13;
She began her professional career as a public school teacher first in Sumter County, Alabama and then in Huntsville, Alabama, 1937-1952. In Huntsville, Roberts taught history at Huntsville High School and then at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), where she was a vigorous participant in the formation of that University. (The Extension Center, then at West Huntsville High School, opened in January 1950.) From 1955 to 1956, she was the only full-time faculty member.&#13;
&#13;
Dr. Roberts served in many roles at UAH: instructor 1953-1956; assistant professor, 1956-1959; associate professor, 1959-1961; professor of history beginning in 1961 until her retirement on August 31st, 1980. In 1988, Dr. Roberts was honored with the dedication of Roberts Recital Hall. The University System Trustees issued this statement concerning the special day: "Dr. Roberts was one of the founding faculty of the University of Alabama in Huntsville, established the University History Department, and was its first full-time history professor. She devoted 18 years to the public schools and 29 years of dedicated service to UAH and accepting only the highest scholarly standards and inspiring generations of students to expand their academic horizons."&#13;
&#13;
The collection of Dr. Roberts’ papers reflects her total immersion in the education, social, religious, musical, and literary life of the community as she led by doing. Frances Cabaniss Roberts died November 5, 2000 at the age of 83, leaving a legacy of leadership and dedication to the community.</text>
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                <text>Frances Roberts Collection</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17197">
                <text>This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections.</text>
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                <text>This broadside was published by conservative Alabamians in opposition to the 1868 Alabama constitution, known as the "Reconstruction Constitution." The constitution was revised by the constitutional convention on November 5, 1867, and ratified in 1868.</text>
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                <text>Constitutions--United States--States</text>
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                    <text>SAI L,;N
University

HlCTCRY DCCUMENT
of Aiih.ma 2e;earch Institute

Vlistory of Science &amp; Technology Group

1 9 6 2

C H R O N O L O G I C A L

H I S T O R Y

"4 Space and I n f o r m a t i o n Systems D i v i s i o n
Downey, C a l i f o r n i a

F
A t t a c h e d a r e c h r o n o l o g i e s f o r J a n u a r y . F e b r u a-r y ,
August, September, O c t o b e r , N o v e m b r azid December,

I

1962.
r'

C h r o n o l o g i e s f o r March, A p r i l , May, J u n e and

J u l y were d i s t r i b u t e d e a r l i e r i n t h e y e a r .

C o p i e s a r e b e i n g d i s t r i b u t e d t o members o f S&amp;ID
Management C o u n c i l .

.

A d d i t i o n a l c o p i e s o f any o f t h e

c h r o n o l o g i e s a r e a v a i l a b l e from t h e u n d e r s i g n e d .

Division Historian

(NOT TO BE DISCLOSED TO
llNAUTHORIZE

INS )

�S &amp; I D

January 3

Jarmary 72

January .I5

-

I.IONTF!LY

C H R O N Q L O G Y

Navy Bureau of Weapons approves use of Seal Beach
Ammunition and Net Depot f o r the Saturn S-I1
Assembly Plant.
S&amp;ID Weekly Report, 1-70-62

-

Apollo engineering personnel reach 225.

-

SRcID Weekly Report, 1-17-62

Apollo, Saturn S-I1 and Hound Dog projects
designated SWD Prograrc Divisions. Each i s headed
by a Division vice presieent.

- S&amp;ID
Organization Announcement,
1-1 1-62
January 15

-

Ken Gay, S%TD Director of I4aterials named Director
of Administration. Contracts, F a c i l i t i e s , Securi tg
Materials, Personnel, Pert and Value Assurance departxents a r e assimed t o Administration.

- SRcID O r ~ a n i z a t i o nAnnouncement,
I -1 I-62

January 16

January 17

-

Two routes between Port Heuneme and Santa Susana which
may be used t o transport the S-I1 Booster fron S e a l
Beach t o the t e s t s i t e were successfully negotiated by
the S-I1 Road Gauge.

-

S8JD Weekly Report, 1-24-62

.

S&amp;fD study of the use of the Hound Dog on the B r i t i s h

Vulcan bomber was completed

- S&amp;ID Weekly Report,
January 22

January 23

-

-

1-1 7-62

F i r s t Apollo engineerins order issued. Informzition
and sketches released f o r fabrication of f i r s t sernihzrd mock-up.

- S&amp;ID Weekiy Report,

1-31-62

Harrison Stoms, SRcID President, elected Fellow of the
I n s t i t u t e of the Aerospace Sciences.

- SR-ID

Skywriter, 1-26-62

�January 25

-

January 26

- Last RZdl Hound Dog m i s s i l e

F i f t h and final fairi.ng for the Saturn shipped t o NASA
a t ~ u n t s a i i l e . These fairing, ncde of Specemeta-1 are
22 f e e t i n Ziameter snci Eire used between the S-1 and .
d m y S-IT stngds of t h e S?.turn C-I launch vehicles.

ltiunched over the LJhite

Sands F 3 s s i l e Range.

- S+m Weekly Report,

1-31-62

�S &amp; I D

M O N T H L Y

C H R O N O L O G Y

February 1962

February 2

February 6

February 6

-

-

-

Engineers of the Quality Assurance R e l i a b i l i t y d e p a r t ~ e n t
reported t h a t the probability of success of deploying
Because the factor should
the Paraglider wing i s .946.
be .956, the r e p o r t sugrrested t h e design of the system
be f u r t h e r analyzed.

- S&amp;ID Weekly Report,

G a r y McCue who recently developed a s a t e l l i t e o r b i t
calculator attended a mace navigation sexinzr a t
the US ?Java1 Observatory. The calculator a t t r a c t e d
vide a t t e r t i o r , a t the recent meetinp of the American
A s t r o n a ~ t i c a lSoctety he12 i n New York.

- S&amp;ID Weekly Report,

-

- S8:ID

Weekly Report, 2-7-62

S&amp;ID announced formation of C?AtfISLB?,I club t o honor
SAC crews who conduct launch fl-iqhts of Sound DOEI
missiles.

- S &amp; p Weekly Report,
February 10

-

February 13

I

-

-

2-7 4-62

Jack %een and partv returned from a 10 day v i s i t t o
Paricutir. and other Xexican volcanoes. The study of
t e r r e s t r i a l volcanoes i s expected t o lead t o xore
knovledge of the ceolo,yy of the moon.

- S&amp;ID Weekly Report,
February 12

2-7-62

A nuclear submaririe was s tucTied by S&amp;TD e n e n e e r s i n
ordep t o define ventilation, heztinq, cooline, sanit a t i o n , f i r s t aid, and personal hygiene systelxs f o r
the Apollo command. module.
1

February 9

2-7-62

2-14-62

S&amp;ID personnel briefed P 8 G person~.elon proposed plans
f o r usin? Downey, Santa Susana, Tulsa, Eglin, and the
H s s i s s i r ; p i Test F z c i l i t y f o r the Saturn 2-11 manufacture
and test provam.

- SGID Weekly Report,

2-21-62

Lockheed Propulsion Co., Redland, Calif., tms named
winner of subcontract t o design and build the solid
pr9pellant launch escape motor f o r the Apollo spacecraft.

- S &amp; D Weekly Report,

i

I

I

2-12-62

-

�February 1 4

-

@

S&amp;D announced t h a t ?UA w i l l open a new f a c i l i t y i n p a r t
Plant 3 a t Tulsa. Option on 390 acres of land 18
of
miles northeast of Tulsa on Verdigris River obtained by
the company.
Announcement t o A l l Supervisors,
2-1 4-62

-

February 16

-

J ~ c k!Jaite w i l l head
with NASA's I h n e d Space-

S&amp;ID t o open o f f i c e s i n Houston.
u n i t t o perform lLhison
c r a f t Center.

- S4.Y.B Weekly R e ~ o r t ,2-16-62

February 16

-

ITASA indiceted t h a t E$ITl's L i t t l e Joe booster would not
be suitable as a test vehicle f o r the Apollo pronrm.
A L i t t l e Joe I1 d e s i m i s cnder consideration.

- S&amp;ID Veekly Report,
February 16

-

S&amp;Ir? 1,611build a four-channel biotransensor as p a r t of
a 92 month contract issued by the Space Systems Division
of the A i r Force.

- 3&amp;IDWeekly Report,
r

February 20

-

P

21

-

2-21-62

President Kennedy's S c i e n t i f i c Advisory Cornittee ~ m s
briefed on the S-I1 provax during a Sc-tu~dagsession
a t the Dob.mey p l a t .

- S&amp;TD Weekly Report,
February 28

2-21-62

S&amp;ID Apollo enzineers study various confi,qurations
of a lunar excursion nission vehicle.

- S&amp;ID Weekly Renort,
February 24

2-21-52

h e r i c a n l s f i r s t ~,mnedspace-flipht K.;ES ade 242a;y
when Jo'm Glenn flew three orbi t s zround the e z r t h i n .
a hlercury capsule. The second and t h l r d o r b i t s were
tracked b:,r 3 &amp; I D s Space Comnunication 'Tracking Lab.

- S&amp;ID k'eekly Report,
- February

2-21-62

2-2862

Duxinq the annual meeting, J. L. Atwood told the stockholders t h a t S%ID s a l e s during 1361 amounted t o
$108 million, $26 million over 1969. He a l s o reported
t h a t SBID1s trork force increased from 6900 t o 8900
during the Sear.

- S+ID Weeklv Report,, 3-2-62

�S&amp;ID

August 1

M O N T H L Y - CI.!RONOLOGY

- fJ,c rThomas
Narkleg was named by SASA as t3e Project Gfficer
the Apollo command and service modules. Ye w i l l be
stationed i n Houston.

-

August 1

!USA Roundup, 9-22-62

- FUSA
has reviebed SP:II?'s plans f o r the transportation of
the Saturn boosters, The f e a s i a b l i t y of using the ship
nPoint Barroww t o transport S&amp;ID1s S-I1 vehicle, Douglas's
S-IV and Lockheed's RIFT vehicles, i s beina studied.

- S&amp;ID Kee:tl-y Report,

August 2

8-1-62

- pThel a t ef i wr sast heat
shield f o r the Apollo coxninand module boilercom~letedf i v e days ahead of the t i g h t schedule
established i n June.
I

August 2

7

S4TD Weekly Report, it8-62

- s a t i Paraqlider
rull-scale emergency parachute
s f a c t o r i l y tested a t E l Centro.
The

system w8,s

- S&amp;ID Idee'xly Report,
Auqust 7

8-8-62

- The f i r s t b o i l e r p l a t e model of

the Apollo coxnand module
It tras accepted
and shipped t o PJA'SA Houston t h e next day.

was tested i n the open sea near Long Beach.

- S&amp;I? Ueeklg Report,
August 8

23-15-62

- Evri.s i t1J.E.e d SRID
Golovin, t e c h ~ i c a la s s i s t a n t t o Dr. Jerome Wiesner
t o review the prowess of the Saturn S-TI
program. Dr. liienser i s s p e c i a l a s s i s t a n t f o r science'and
technolorn t o President Kennedy.

- S&amp;ID Weekly Report,
Aupst 1 5

8-8-62

- rank
The S&amp;ID Paraglider ~ r p a ~ i z a t i otoday
n
elevated t o the
of a pro pa.^ Division, George Zeffs was named Propam
rms

Manager.

- S3ID Weekly Renort,

.
'/--

August 15

- version
NASA requested
t o submit a proposal f o r a
of the Apollo.
SZ:ID

815-62

six-p an

- S4ID $!eekly IEeport,

t3-22-62

�August 18

- fNearly
20,@00 people v i s i t e d S??ID1sPotmey p l a n t durinr?. an open
o r employees and t h e i r families.
- S&amp;ID Keekly Report,

August 18

- The

590th production Hound Dog r i s s i l e was completed and
accepted f o r t h e A i r Force by Brig, General Jack Catton.

- SBID
August 21

Rews Release, 8-18-62

- The
f i r s t f u l l - s c a l e Apollo service module propulsion system
thrust chanber trzs f i r e d by Rerojet.
- S&amp;D l~!eekly Report,

Auqst 23

August 23

August 23

&amp;24-62

- DSpace
. Brainerd h'olmes, P i r e c t o r of
F l i p h t v i s i t e d S?:ID.

9-29-62

3?ASA1s Office of 3hnned

- Funds
a v a i l a b l e f o r t h e Apollo procpm f o r t h e period ending
i n ,Tune-1963 a r e b e i n s reduced by more than $100 million.
- SP-ID I:!eekly Report, 8-29-62
- Ansponsored
i n d u s t r y conference on a manned o r b i t a l space s t a t i o n ,
by ScID ws attended by almost 300 people
representiny more than 100 p o t e n t + a l subcontractors.
Organizations i n t e r e s t e d i n conducting unfunded subsystem
s t u 6 i e s were invited t o subclit proposals by Sept. 2L..

- 3&amp;1n
August 23

?eekly Report, &amp;2?-62

- AHarrison
new group, r e p o r t i n y d i r e c t l y t o Division President
S t o m s h3.s been formed t o i n v e s t i n a t e and develop
various types f o r underwater devices.
i s nm.ed , t h e Marine Ordinawe Grouy
d i r e c t i o n of FOG. IJhite.

August 24

The new o r ~ ; . a n i z a t i o n
i s under t h e

- tTheh e Board,
TZAA Bomd of Directors rimed J.L. Atwood, Chairman of
succeeding J.R. Kindelberqer, ~.?hodied on July
27,

Attmod i s t o continue as President,

- RrAA Gen.

Cffice ?Teus Release,

8-24-42

Au.gust 29

- Ground breaking c e r e m o ~ i e sf o r the new S-TI
-

were held a.t S e a l Beach.

,'-A

- NASA !Jews

assernblg f a c i l i t y

Release, 829-62

house

�Auwst 29

- The first Apollo work ~

z assigned
s
t o the Rzlsa plant. The
work.consists of t h e d e s i p and nanufacture of s number of
ground s u p ~ o r tequipment items.
-.

August 30

S&amp;ID Weekly Report 0-5-62

- Ken
Gay, s i n c e January, Oirector of Administration f o r SkID,
bas named Corporate Director of Yaterial.
- 8-30-62
III'BA General Office News Release,

August 29

- Astronauts Sla.yton, Shepard

August 31

- SR-ID engineers

and Carpenter made a t h r e e day
visit t o S%ID t o review t h e Apollo and Saturn m r k .

studying LAS$XS, modulated a l i q h t beam by
o p t i c a l l y d i v i d i n g it i n t o two parts.

- Sam ldeekly Report,

9-5-62

�S B I D

14OBTHLY

C H R O N O L O G Y

- Ai smajor
e f f o r t - both in-houze and a t subcontractor p l a n t s bein? undertaken t o reduce t h e c o s t s of t h e Apollo

Septenbsr 5

propam.

- S&amp;ID \Jeekly Report,

9-5-42

- Wive
Apollo cock-ups, t h r e e b o i l e r p l a t e a r t i c l e s and a
number of o t h e r i t e m s were deleted f r o c t h e Apollo promam,

September 6

a s p a r t of t h e c u r r e n t c o s t c u t t i n ? e f f o r t ,

- S%ID Weekly Report,

9-12-62

- The
second Apollo Comiiand nodule boilernplate a r t i c l e ,
s e r i a l no, 1, was accepted by NASA. It i s t o be r e t a i n e d

September 7

by Sp-ID f o r l a ~ dand water impact tests,

Sevtenber 10

p

'Sentember 1 7

September 19

bjeekly Report, 9-12-62

- Apollo cominand mocule mock-up,

s e r i a l no, 3, T.ZS shipped
t o NASA Houston, This mock-up d e ~ i c t st h e i n t e r i o r
arrangement of t h e spacecraft,

- Yine new Astronauts raverenmed by YJASA,
- FTASA Press Release,

9-17-62

- eNAAl e cand
t h e Unions reached an aqeement today, A s e c r e t
be he13 t c deterriline crhether t h e p l a n t
tion

:.rill

tdll

be operated a s a closed shop.

- ??Ah F?e\?sRelease,
Seotember 20

9-19-62

- propam
The 160th and f i n a l m i s s i l e of t h e Pound Dov modification
vas ca:npletea,
The prorrrml
beau?, i n J u l y 1961,
~ 2 s

I n addition, 7 1 m i s s i l e s were modified by t h e AF a t t h e
Oklahoma City A i r 14ateriaL Area,

- S R r I D 1l'eel.l~Report,
S e ~ t e m b e r26

- S9ID r e c e n t l y c o n ~ l e t e da s e r i e s of

f i r i n u s of t i n y
p a r t i c l e s a t m e t e o r i t i c vel-ocities of L5,000 f e e t per second,

- 3%n? "eettly

D1

September 28

10-3-62

Rerjort, 9-26-62

- Ijrfiposals ?,rere iaecei.ved forrr: 39 firrns h i c h offered

t o conduct unfunde,: s t ~ ~ d i eons Sfim's space s t a t i o n

promam.

- S p r D K e e ~ l yReport,

lC-;-52

�S % I D

M O N T H L Y

6--)SROTJOLOGY
Cctober --1962
--.-

October 5

-

The J-2 enrrine beinq b u i l t by Rocketdyne f o r t h e SgID
Saturn S-I1 booster w:is ~ i v e na long-dtration f t l l l - t h r u s t
firing.

- s%ID S k p l ter , 11-10-62
October

5

- some
NASA asked S&amp;ID t o i n v e s t i g a t e t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of using
of t h e 18rcury and Gemini GSE on t h e Apollo program,
- Weekly Report, 1O-10-62
- Fp li ar tset randa w rnnterial
f o r Saturn 2-11 received. The m a t e r i a l s h e e t stock-was U. w e k s behind schedule.
- S%ID 1;eekly Repart, 10-10-62
- fJack
Hazard was named ~ e n e r a manzper
l
of the SSID M?R
a c i l i t y , Hazard vas head of t h e d i v i s i o n AX3 operations
SR-ID

October 5

October 9

during t h e RISE propain i n 1957.

- S?ZD Yews Release,

P

October 1 0

13-9-62

- Eobert
L, Peterson of SO.mtopether v i t h
others, were
awarded 'the 1961 SAE ' J r i ~ t h tBrothers medal f o r t h e b e s t paper
tvo

presen+%ed a t ar,y of t h e SAE meetings.

October 12

&gt;Jews Release, 10-10-62

- At h tea sf ki n team
has been nmed t o expedite the c o ~ p l e t i o nof
a l FTound Dog m i s s i l e s e a r l y next year,
,

- SPaID Yeekly Report,
October 15

19-17-62

- tThe
Applied Science f u n c t u ~ a ld i v i s i o n has been split i n t o
h r e e p a r t s - Information Systems, Advance Systems and
Aerospace Sciences,

- Organization

Announcement

ls15-62

October 1 9

- The ILPG-supervise2

F
J
u

e l e c t i o n held t o determine r.~hether

shall be onerated a s a closed s h o ~ .

/

3-

�r

Cctober 22

- President

Kennedy an-o-meed t h s t a quarantine would be
e s t e b l i s h e d t o zto? d e l i v e r y of c e r t ~ i ntypes of F ~ l s s i a n
weapons t o C U ~ F I .

- S:';ID
October 22

Weekly Report, 10-3-62

- S&amp;ID s e l e c t e d e ? @ t companies

t o p a r t i c i p a t e with the
Division i n t h e l m f m d e d swsce s t a t i o n program.

- S ? D Weekly Fepost,
October 23

- Half-scnle
Edwards

predeploj~sdP s r a g l i d e r wing we-s t e s t e d

AFR. A11 f1i;rht o b j e c t i v e s

:tt

w 3 r s net.

- S?-m I-Ieekly Report,
October 23

10-3-62

10-24-62

- SecID engineers

have revie-ed abont 30C ~ i ~ c of
e sGemini
GSE. I t appears t k . , t ribcut 190 items mag be u s ~ b l eon t h e
k p o l l o proqram.

- S:)D

Xeekly Report, 1C-24-62

October 2.5

- RLRB o f f 3 c i a l s announced t h a t t h e un:cn

Cctober 26

- Eagel-Pitcher

Cctober 31

- The Yiik c o s t r:ronossl

shop ~ ; . l z n
was
defeated i n the e l e c t i o n held Cctober 19. A b u t 607 cf
t h e members who voted, voted f o r t h e plen. h"L,rZR r u l e s
r e q 5 r e d a 666 a f f i r m a t i v e vote.

Co. of J o p l i n , Mo., was s e l e c t e d t o build
t h e b a t t e r i e s t h s t ~ r o v i d eelectrical paver t o the k ~ o l l o
spacecr&amp;ft during nnd a f t e r re-entry i n t o the e r r t h ' s
atmosphere.

w;rs subnitted t o P?:;.S?..

f o r tkie - i e f ? n i t i - ~ eApol;.o C o n t r ~ c t

�S &amp; I D

MONT9LY

C H R C N C ' L O G P
November 1962
-

November 1

- Senetors
Kerr and Monroney i s s u e d a j o i n t statement
i n which they s a i d t h a t ~ d d i t i c n a lwork w i l l be
assigned t o N&gt;-4 and Douglas which w i l l assure work
a t T u l s ~f o r 3,000 t o L,C00 people during t h e next
two y e w s .

- Sp,m 7:eekI.y Report,
November 2

- .kpollo Cormnand module b o i l e r p l a t e No.

11-7-62

19 m s completed

and is t o be l e l i v e r e d t o Northror-Ventura f o r pzrachute
recovery t e s t s .

- S&lt;%IDVeekly Report,
November 7

- NASA

announced t h % t t h e c o n t r a c t f o r t h e dpollo Lunsr
Excursion Yodule i s being aw3rded t o t h e Crummz.n 4 . i r c r ~ f t
Lnpineering C o r ~ . Eethpage i"dw York.
-7

November 8

11-14-62

,

- 'zlestern T l c c t r i c 's I e r o s p c e T l e c t r i c a l Division l o c a t e d
st Lima, Ohio wss s e l s c t e d t o build t h e power conversion
static
u n i t f o r the Apollo s p a c e c r ~ f t . The u n i t 8

i n v e r t 2 r w i l l convert power from t h e f u e l c e l l s and t h e
b a t t e r i e s from PC t o 1iC.

- S ID
November 1 3

Mews Release, 11-8-62

- Four k p o l l o modules were s t ~ c k e df o r t h e f l r s t tSqe today
i n preparation f o r t h e i r d i s p l a y a t t h e iimsrican Rocket
S o c i e t y meeting q t the Pan P ~ c i f i cAuditorium i n Los
kngeles. The f o u r c o n s i s t of the s e r v i c e snd com9nd
modules, the l a u ~ c hescape tower z.nd motor.

- SfCD 'deekly Peport,
Novenber 1L

- The remodeled

Apollo Control C?nter W.S opcned t o d a y t o
coincide with t h e v i s i t of Srainerd Holmes.

- Sbm 1Jeekl.y Report,
November 16

11-11'-62

-

11-28-62

An S&amp;ID engineer W: s i n t h e blockhouse t o witness the
countdown an6 lp.mch a c t i v i t i e s of t h e Satwn C - 1 launch
No. SA-3 a t Cape C:anaversl.

�November 17

- hnployment
a t NAA passed the 100,000 mark, This i s an
all-time peak - exceeding the wartime high of 90,926
reached on October 23, 1943.

- NAA General Offices
November 21

- Some
Government furnished j e t engines scheduled f o r
i n s t a l l a t i o n i n the Hound Dog missiles were diverted
t o other uses due t o the Cuban s i t u a t i o n , The same
engine i s used on the GAM-77 missile and the B-52
airplane.

- S&amp;ID Weekly Report,
November 21

11-21-62

- Af ei ar sForce
personnel asked S&amp;ID t o investigate the
i b i l i t y of carrying four Homd Dog missiles on
each B-52 airplane.

- S&amp;ID Weekly Report,
November 21

- S&amp;ID i s making studies on the p o s s i b i l i t i e s of

11-21-62

carrying the

Hound Dog on the B r i t i s h Vulcan bomber.

- S&amp;ID Weekly Report,
r

November 30

- Construction s t a r t e d on the Apollo

-

11-21-62

impact t e s t f a c i l i t y .

S&amp;ID Weekly Report,, 12-12-62

�/

S &amp; I D

M O N T H L Y

C H R O N O L O G Y
December 1962

December 5

- Cost proposal

submitted t o A i r Force f o r a d d i t i o n a l
Hound Dog m i s s i l e s .

- S&amp;ID Weekly Report,
December 5

- A 33-foot

planetarium i s 'being constructed f o r t h e
Apollo L i f e Systems and navigation p r o j e c t s , The
dome i s being made of honeycomb paper acd f i b e r g l a s s
=d i s being formed on t h e S-I1 bulkholds molds.

- S&amp;ID Weekly Report,
December 5

12-5-62

- Lockheed

made t h e f i r s t l i v e t e s t of t h e Apollo launch
escape motor.

- S&amp;ID Weekly Report,
December 7

22-5-62

12-12-62

- Script f o r

an in-house TV o r i e n t a t i o n program e n t i t l e d
"This i s Apollo" has been completed and i s ready f o r
taping,
-S&amp;ID Weekly Report, 12-12-62

December 12

- NASA

asked S&amp;ID t o look i n t o t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of u s i n g
Apollo-type s p a c e c r a f t a s a manned space s t a t i o n .

- S&amp;ID Weekly Report,
December 14

12-12-62

- Three S&amp;ID men nmed Division v i c e p r e s i d e n t s .

All
three
Frank Compton, George J e f f s and W. 3. Laidlaw
continue i n t h e i r p r e s e n t assignments,

-

- Organization
Announcement,
12-14-62,
December

l-4

- A change i n t h e S-I1 c o n t r a c t re-defines

t h e "Battleship"

p r o g r m t o a propu-lsion t e s t program.

- S&amp;ID Weekly Report,
December 17

12-19-62

- Apollo
Command ModuJ-e B o i l e r p l a t e No. 3 was completed
and shipped t o Northrop-Ventura,
It w i l l be instrumented
and subsequently shipped t o E l Centro f o r parachute drop t e s t s .

- S&amp;ID Weekly Report,
December 19

12-19-62

- Fourteen
of America's 16 a s t r o n a u t s v i s i t e d %ID,
two-day i n d o c t r i n a t i o n program.

-

S&amp;ID Skywriter, 12-21-62

for a

�December 26

f-

- T;lz.chinery used

t o m i n u f a c t u ~ eSpacerrietal hes been fioved
from Buildinw i t o t h e T N A 1,mrehouse i n Vernon.

- ,5&amp;Tn :.;,ieeklyReport,
December 26

1-2-63

- l?oualas
A i r c r ~ f thas s u b , i t t e d a proposal t o S3ID
covering t h e n o 6 i f i c a t i o n of t h e C-133 a i r c r a f t f o r use
on t h e Apollo promam. Pouelas i n d i c a t e d the work
coulfl be coxpleted by l % ~ ~1.h

December 26

- The

telephone system operated by Autonetics i n t h e nowney
corr.plex ims taken over by Sen.

- S&amp;ID \:'eekly Report,
December 26

-December 27

1-2-63

- xodule
S i x brazed s t e e l honeycomb panels f o r the Apollo command
received from Aeronca.
- s%:.]mb'eekly

Report, 1-2-63

- pAecr mo ni tttriancgt achange
n o t i c e was received from t h e -4ir Force
c c e ~ t a n c eof Hounc! Dog m i s s i l e s without h e a t

he n . i s s i l e w i l l be s t o r e d z t ;&amp;ID u n t i l
exchangers,
t h e su?plier, United Aircraf't can solve the l e a k a ~ eproblem,

- SoID lz'eekly Report,

1-2-63

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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html"&gt;here,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html"&gt;here,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;and&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html"&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                    <text>�CONTENTS
To Our Shareholders . . . . . .
Space Vehicles . . . . . . . .
Launch Equipment . . . . . .
Instrumentation . . . . . . .
Advanced Studies . . . . . . .
Test . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information Processing . . . . .
Products . . . . . . . . . .
Reed-Mullins . . . . . . . .
Electro-Mechanisms . . . . . .
New Equipment and Facilities . .
Consolidated Financial Statements
Financial Review . . . . . . .
Officers and Directors . . . . .

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. . . . . . . .: . . . . . . 9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-24
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

1964
Net sales for period . . . . . . . . .
Income after state and federal tax . . .
Net income per share (1) . . . . . . .
Cash flow per share (1) . . . . . . . .
Dividends paid . . . . . . . . . . .
Total salaries and wages . . . . . . .
Additions to buildings.
leasehold improvements and equipment
Total stockholders' equity . . . . . . .
Working capital . . . . . . . . . . .
Number of stockholders . . . . . . . .
Number of employees . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .

$41.849. 713
$ 895.028
$
1.26
$
2.61
$ 141.753
$27.900. 663

. . . . . . .

$ 1.642. 629
$ 6.069. 785
$ 2.025. 999
2. 538
3.191

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
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.

.
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.

.
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.

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .

(1) Computed on total shares outstanding at close of year 1964

COVER PICTURE: Nitrogen gas bubbles rising to the surface of water
containing yellow dye create this exotic pattern of colors when
viewed through polarizing plates . The various color bands indicate
lines of constant stress in the fluid . Black dots are dust particles
suspended in the liquid and emphasized by lighting . Brown Engineering Company. Inc., set u p this experiment at the Marshall
Space Flight Center to demonstrate the possible use of this same
technique to study liquid flow conditions occurring in space vehicles .

�are dedicated to supporting

physicists, mathepectors, machinists. They are the

40 percent of employees-hold
ny on the masters and doctorate levels.

write papers and give ta

re daring and ingenious. Thei

Their work cov

tire spectrum of America's sp

1

��T O O U R S H A R E H O L D E R S / Growing
prominence as an American industry and
record attainments in several vital areas
made fiscal 1964 one of the most important periods in the history of Brown Engineering Company.
During the past 12 months, sales and
earnings exceeded those for any previous
year, more equipment and facilities were
in use than ever before, and product lines
were broadened.
Accompanying these new highs were
two significant milestones in Brown's
progress. The company's common stock
was listed on the American Stock Exchange in April, and final negotiations
were begun in December to acquire the
outstanding capital stock of Electro-Mechanisms, Inc., an electronics product manufacturer in Methuen, Massachusetts, and
Nashua, New Hampshire.
Brown Engineering sales in 1964 totaled
$41,849,713, an increase of $8,726,889 over
1963. Earnings rose $86,223 above the year
before to a record $895,028.
America's aerospace programs continued to account for a major portion of
the company's revenues. Besides the income resulting from research, development and manufacturing support services
performed for these programs, Brown enjoyed significant benefits from its ex-

panded testing capabilities and product
lines.
In March, directors voted a three-fortwo stock split. Outstanding stock totaled
709,941 shares at year's end. Stockholders
increased by nearly 500 to 2,538 during
the year.
Kenneth J. Thornhill, Vice President
and Director of the Long Island Company,
Ltd. of New York, was elected to the
Board of Directors in November to fill the
vacancy created by the resignation of
Thomas H. Lenagh. Mr. Lenagh, elected
Treasurer of the Ford Foundation during
the year, resigned as Director of Brown
Engineering in order to devote full attention to his increased responsibilities at
Ford.
In keeping with Brown Engineering's
prime objective to continue to operate on
an economical and efficient basis, the
company re-emphasized its value engineering and cost reduction program during the year. We believe that increased
emphasis in this area will not only help
our company operate more efficiently, but
also result in ideas and suggestions that
will enable us to more competitively fulfill customer requirements.
During 1964 the company spent approximately $1.6 million on new facilities and
equipment. Major additions were a hy-

�draulic / pneumatic / vibration / shock
facility to complement the environmental
test laboratory, and an 8,000 square foot
area for the assembly of high reliability
instrumentation and electronic systems.
Both facilities resulted in increased sales
for the company.
Wages and benefits that compare favorably with those of similar industries enabled Brown to retain and supplement a
corps of highly trained professional and
technical personnel, many of whom hold
graduate degrees in the sciences.
We believe that many of the events of
1964 mean a stronger and greater Brown
Engineering Company for the future. The
company found growing new markets
for its services, products and experience
among Army, Air Force, Navy and Atomic
Energy Commission customers, as well as
many of the major aerospace firms. The
growth of the company's electronic products line and the proposed acquisition
of Electro-Mechanisms, Inc., will place
Brown in an enviable position in the
growing field of micro-circuitry.

Milton K. Cummings, president of Brown Engineering Company,
takes time out from a busy day for a cigaret and cup of coffee.
Besides the active role he plays in affairs of the company he has
headed since 1958, Mr. Cummings participates in community, state
and national affairs which he believes will continue to keep America
strong. During 1964 President Johnson appointed Mr. Cummings to
the National Citizens Committee for Community Relations; the Honorable Sargent Shriver chose him as a business advisor to the
President's War on Poverty, and local governing bodies selected him
to plan the Huntsville Area Economic Opportunity Program.

Loyal, conscientious employees have
placed Brown Engineering in the forefront
as a highly specialized aerospace research, development and manufacturing
support industry. The company's management intends to keep it there.

Milton K. Cummings
President

�SPACE VEHICLES I As a major supporting
contractor to the Marshall Space Flight
Center, Brown Engineering is intimately associated with the development of launch
and space vehicles that will power Americans to the moon in this decade. During
1964 a resident staff of more than 500 engineers and technicians, as well as members
of the company's 2,500 in plant personnel,
provided research, development and manufacturing support services to the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration installation.
The gigantic launch vehicles for America's
future space flights pose many technical
problems, ranging from the storage of their
exotic fuels at extremely low temperatures
to the mating of hundreds of parts made
by different manufacturers. Reliable solutions to these problems must be found before the giant Saturn vehicle leaves earth
for its moonward journey. At MSFC, Brown
Engineering assisted NASA personnel in
studying and solving many of these problems during the past year.
The proper operation of fluid and fuel systems, as well as the behavior of liquids, in
both terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments is important to the space program. In
connection with this, Brown's Space Vehicle
Division performed detailed motion studies
for fluid line systems and evaluated liquid
oxygen and liquid hydrogen systems. To find
an analytical method of predicting pressure
loss in flexible metal hoses on space vehicles, the division is performing tests on a
model its personnel designed for the study.
Brown personnel have analytically determined that gas injected into the propel-

This experiment represents part of Brown Engineering's work as a
mission support contractor to elements of the Marshall Space Flight
Center. Bubble dynamics and surface disturbances are studied in
a simulated Saturn V propellant tank and turbo-pump duct. This
research project is aimed at finding methods of analyzing, and controlling surface disturbances which result when h e l ~ u mgas is injected
to condition propellant during the pre-launch countdown period.

�lant lines will eliminate longitudinal vehicle
vibration caused by interaction between
the vehicle structure and the propulsion
systems.

tem. Another analysis was made of bubble
clusters which collect below the surface of
the propellant during vibration and their
effects in vehicle tanks.

Unlike an automobile motor, parts of advanced rocket engines must be cooled to
extremely low temperatures by liquid oxygen
and liquid hydrogen prior to starting. Brown
Engineering personnel studied some of the
technical problems in this area during the
past 12 months. The Space Vehicle Division
investigated the effects of reducing the propellant suction line chilldown time by internally insulating the propellant lines of an
engine. In another study, division personnel
analyzed an insulation for liquid hydrogen
tanks, predicting heat rates, propellant boiloff and temperature distribution during prelaunch and ascent flight.

The division's personnel also contributed
to studies of future rocket engines having
three to five times the combustion pressure of those in use today. They participated
in investigations of annular nozzles, believed to be superior to the present bellshaped nozzles, and air-augmented clusters
of engines.

The super-insulation for cryogenic fuel
tanks was the subject of two studies made
by Brown Engineering's Research Laboratories. Brown personnel proposed a new concept for manufacturing a super-insulation
material which might have superior qualities. A major problem of super-insulation
concerns heat leaks at tank connections
and supports. Research personnel have also
studied various types of connections to seek
those which will reduce the heat transferred into the tanks.
Space Vehicle Division personnel sought
to find methods of analyzing and controlling
surface disturbances caused when helium
gas is injected to condition the liquid propellant during the pre-launch countdown
period. Liquid surface control is essential
in order to prevent propellant carry-over into
the booster's venting and pressurization sys-

Brown developed design requirements and
specifications for a remote automatic hazardous gas detection system to be installed
on Saturn vehicles for use during pre-launch
operations; performed development, functional and performance tests on the Saturn
V hydraulic system and components, and
made studies to determine temperatures
of various parts of the vehicle during the
launch and orbital flight.
The Space Vehicle Division has also
made studies to reduce the weight of Saturn
stages and to provide internal load distributions for space vehicles. Brown personnel
assisted in developing new bearings and
lubricants for electric motors in space environments and new silicon polymers for
high temperatures.
In another project, Brown's Engineering
Design a n d D e v e l o p m e n t D e p a r t m e n t
worked with NASA in an investigation of
the effects of rocket jet impingement on
water to determine the feasibility of launching large space vehicles from off-shore sites.
The company's Systems Engineering Department has been a major participant in

��the Saturn Launch Vehicles Interface Control Program. This program is designed to
insure that the hundreds of components,
systems and stages fabricated by NASA
centers and their contractors fit together
and function properly when the vehicle is
assembled.

The company also designed hinges weighing more than 11,000 pounds per pair for
connecting the arms t o the launcherumbilical tower, as well as the hydraulicpneumatic control consoles which extend
and retract the arms and maintain the vehicle's pressure system.

LAUNCH EQUIPMENT / Facilities and
equipment that will never leave the earth
have a vital role in America's space program. Brown Engineering made notable cont r i b u t i o n s d u r i n g 1964 t o t h e n a t i o n ' s
ground support and launch equipment and
facilities.

Engineers and technical writers in the
company prepared the acceptance checkout
procedures and information handbook for
the arms and related equipment.
Personnel of the Engineering Design and
Development Department also designed an
automatic connect-and-disconnect device,
known as the "LUT (for launcher-umbilical
tower) speedconnector," which promises to
cut hours off the time required to prepare
a space vehicle for launch. Four "speedconnectors" can simultaneously and automatically connect the 144 plugs carrying
electricity to the tower in less than one
minute. To make these connections manually would take hours.

Giant arms supporting all service lines to
the various stages of the Saturn V and an
access arm to the spacecraft atop the vehicle were designed and developed by
Brown's Engineering Design and Development Department.
The eight service arms extend from the
launcher-umbilical tower to the 36-story-tall
Saturn, supporting the lines which supply
the vehicle's fuel, air conditioning, pneumatic and electrical services. Precision control mechanisms retract the arms before or
at liftoff. The access arm which the astronauts will use to enter the Apollo spacecraft
is equipped with air conditioning and space
suit checkout lines.

The "speedconnector," bearing a sheath
of electrical cables, extends to the umbilical tower on a track. Its pneumatic positioning system enables the connector to
quickly and safely make contact with the
tower, even if the giant crawler-transporter
which will move the tower to the launch site
misses the predesignated location by as
much as 12 inches. The mechanism can also
disconnect the electrical lines as quickly as
it connects them.

As a part of the development program,
Brown fabricated two prototype tips of forward and aft service arms and performed
preliminary tests to verify the design concept of the umbilical withdrawal mechanisms and extension platforms.

Conceivably, this same concept could be
used to connect all services to the umbilical

At the press of a button, the "LUT speedconnector," designed by
Brown Engineering, can connect or disconnect electrical, lines to
the Saturn V launcher umbilical tower in less than one m ~ n u t e .
-

-

�tower, including high-pressure gas, cryogenic and fuel lines. It is also being studied
for use on the service arms to remotely connect umbilical lines to the space vehicle.
Brown's Cape Canaveral personnel prepared design criteria for a launch pad and
supporting structures at the Merritt Island
Launch Area's Complex 39, site of America's
moon shot. In addition, the company performed design work on checkout facilities
for the Gemini and Apollo programs; prepared design criteria for power distribution
lines to serve MILA, and redesigned and
documented the operational television system for Complex 34 in the Cape Kennedy
launch area.

INSTRUMENTATION / Brown Engineering
asserted itself as a leader in the design,
development and manufacture of electronic
and electromechanical systems during 1964,
marking notable technical accomplishments
and attaining a high sales volume.
Telemetry equipment -for transmitting
scientific information from space vehicles,
satellites and high altitude manned flights
to earth - has been the company's most
important product in this area. The investment of corporate capital in expanded instrumentation equipment, facilities and personnel in 1964 places Brown in an enviable
position in the telemetry market. Sales of
telemetry equipment and related items represent 90 percent of the company's total
commercial business during the year and
compare favorably with other leading suppliers in the industry.
Brown's Electronic Systems Division is
supplying a major portion of the telemetry
equipment that will travel aboard Saturn V

and Saturn IB vehicles, including devices
that will accommodate up to 270 channels
of information. In addition, the division
played the role of "problem solver" to the
space program by designing and building
equipment for complex telemetry requirements.
The company introduced multi-layered
printed circuit boards into its telemetry products during the year. Made by Electro-Mechanisms, Inc., which Brown proposes to acquire, the mull%layered boards are a series
of printed circuits placed on top of each
other and bonded together. As many as 20
circuits could be included in this type board,
which is very compact and gives increased
reliability over older methods. Flexible
printed cable, also a product of ElectroMechanisms, is used to link the equipment's
circuits to exterior connections. Printed
cables take the place of many small wires,
just as printed circuits have replaced the
wired chassis. Six printed cables can replace
60 separate wires in one Brown telemetry
product. The innovation results in faster and
more economical assembly, reduces the
weight and size of the instrument, and increases re1iability by decreasing the number
of connections and possibilities for errors
in assembly.
The Electronic Systems Laboratory completed its part of the development and testing of a new space vehicle tracking and guidance system during the year. Known as the
AROD (for airborne range and orbit determination) system, it differs from present tracking devices in that the master station for deciphering all data is located on the vehicle
instead of a ground station. The system
eliminates the need for manned ground sta-

�I

tions in the space program.
The laboratory also received contracts during 1964 for development of a monopulse
tracking receiver that receives microwave
signals from a vehicle re-entering the earth's
atmosphere and a microwave ranging system
for aircraft. The aircraft ranging system incorporates an automatic gating technique
Brown developed during the year to reduce
the probability of receiving erroneous pulses.
The Electronic Systems Division is supporting work on the guidance and control
system for a new directionally controlled
medium assault weapon the Army Missile
Command is developing at Redstone Arsenal.
Division personnel also worked on the
design and development of a special purpose digital machine with one instruction
for all incoming data. The equipment, designed to accept inputs from the Saturn V
operational computer system, is used in the
automatic countdown sequence for Saturn
firings.
Brown also designed and built components for a device which simulates the docking of a spacecraft at an orbital space station
or a moon landing. An astronaut, sitting in
the simulator, can observe televised images
of a space dock or the lunar surface. Brown's
contributions to the project include an electronic device to create motion in the simulated spaceship and a rotational control stick
with which the astronaut can vary the position of the image he sees.

ADVANCED STUDIES / Keeping pace with
tomorrow, Brown Engineering's research
projects during the past year probed far into
the future. In the company's Research LaboA research scientist experiments with applications for the continuous
gas laser in Brown Engineering's Research Laboratories.
This combination of layered circuits and printed cables represents
a highly advanced electronic packaging technique. Developed by
Electro-Mechanisms, Inc., both products are used in telemetry equipment Brown builds for NASA and major aerospace contractors.

��ratories, personnel studied the things man
will do when he reaches the moon and analyzed new propulsion systems that could
send him even farther into space - to Mars
and Venus. Studies were made of new applications of recent scientific advances and
discoveries, including the laser.
The landing of payloads on the moon will
enable man not only to explore the lunar surface, but to also use the moon as a base for
observing the earth and other astronomical
bodies. Brown's Research Laboratories contributed to outlining experiments in both
areas. The geological program was examined
in detail to outline some of the most promising experiments to be conducted during a
limited period of manned exploration. A
highly technical investigation is now underway to outline experiments in radio astronomy which, if performed on the moon, could
lead to new information concerning the environments of the earth and the solar system.
Brown's Systems Engineering Department
is making a study to identify the roles man
should play in lunar exploration and to determine if instruments and other electronically controlled equipment can replace him
in any of these roles. The study tests man
against machines in considering all the required tasks of lunar exploration. Results will
impose design requirements on planning
missions and equipment for the exploration.
This department also is studying two concepts for a mobile space laboratory to determine which design will be best suited to the
lunar surface and obstacles.
For space missions involving long flight
times, such as trips to Mars and Venus, conventional chemical propulsion systems will

be inadequate. A research study has indicated that a type of electric propulsion system using very heavy particles (collodial
ions) would be most efficient. Based on
these findings, Brown's Research Laboratories have begun an experimental project to
develop a collodial ion propulsion system.
Such a system, potentially weighing only a
few pounds, might well be a "standard" engine for future manned space exploration
programs.
Research personnel continued to find new
applications for the laser, a device for producing light by the emission of energy stored
in a molecular system when it is stimulated
by an inpuf signal. Researchers experimented with the use of narrow light beams
from a gaseous laser to determine the speed
of gas flow in wind tunnels. This method may
prove to be vastly superior to those using
conventional meters. The light is reflected
from small particles in the flowing gas and
is slightly changed in its wavelength due to
the motion of the particles. Measurement of
this wavelength change gives an accurate
indication of the speed, and the light beams
give minimum interference to the quantity
being measured. Another study concerned
use of the laser as an instrument for measuring flow rates of liquids in pipes. The highly
uniform laser beam was also investigated as
a distance measuring instrument.
An experimental research study was conducted during the past year to enhance the
knowledge of electronic properties of metals,
with the ultimate objective being a greater
knowledge of the unusual phenomenon,
superconductivity. As the temperature of
certain metals is lowered near the absolute

Brown Engineering instrumentation experts performed the system
integration, as well as part of the design, development and fabrication, of an experimental AROD (airborne range and orbit determination) system, a tracking and guidance system for spacecraft.
The system includes a master station which travels on the spacecraft
and ground-based transponders. As a part of the development phase,
Brown tested the experimental model. For this test the master
station was installed in an airplane and two ground transponders
were established at Redstone Arsenal.

�zero point of minus 460 degrees, they lose
their resistance to electrical currents and
reach a state of superconductivity. I n this
state the metals have no electrical resistance. Brown's study, sponsored by the Office
of Naval Research, involved the bombardment of films of metals only a few millionths
of an inch thick with a stream of electrons.
By observing the electron absorption, certain
basic properties of the metals were deduced.
The company's Electronic Systems Laboratories, in a company-funded research project, are developing equipment for use with
the new ultra-high frequency range telemetry
equipment that will replace most present
day systems by 1970. The laboratories are
working on frequency multipliers and a tunnel diode amplifier for incorporation into
the new systems.

try, during the year. Components, su bassemblies and assemblies tested included those
from space vehicles and ground support
equipment.

TEST 1 The terrestrial evaluation of space
vehicle components in the hostile atmospheres of outer space is a specialized science in which Brown Engineering reinforced
its leadership on two fronts during the past
year.
The addition of new hydraulic, pneumatic,
vibration and shock cells to the company's
environmental testing laboratory in March
gave Brown Engineering one of the finest and
most advanced testing facilities in the country, and brought increased business to the
Systems Evaluation and Test Department.
In addition to its testing services, Brown designed and fabricated sophisticated and
sometimes exotic test equipment for America's space program.
The company performed testing services
for Marshall Space Flight Center and Kennedy Space Center, as well as private indus-

Brown's new test building demonstrates
the company's capability t o design and
equip a complete test facility. The Engineering Design and Development Department designed the building and hydraulic and pneumatic systems, and the company's own technicians installed the equipment.

In subjecting the electrical, hydraulic and
pneumatic components of the Saturn V service arms to environmental examination, the
Systems Evaluation and Test Department
prepared the test criteria, test procedures
and test reports in addition to performing
the actual testing.
Pneumatic equipment was tested in facilities which can generate 15,000 pounds of
pressure per square inch. This is enough
pressure to support a one-inch column of
water extending six miles into the sky, and
it is greater than the pressure at the Pacific
Ocean's deepest point.

Even more specialized test equipment was
designed for aerospace studies. To determine the behavior of ground support service
arms at liftoff, the Engineering Design and
Development Department designed a mechanism simulating the first eight feet of the
Saturn V launch. The department also designed equipment to produce water flow
rates up to 40,000 gallons per minute to calibrate flow meters, and a high vacuum facility to evaluate tank insulations in a simulated
space environment in the lower ionosphere
range.

This drawing depicts two unique capabilities of Brown Engineering's
complete testing services. The !;quid hydrogen storage .tank and gas
bottles are part of a pneurnat~c testing system ?hat IS capable of
exerting 15,000 pounds of pressure per square ~ n c h ,greater than
the pressure at the Pacific Ocean's deepest point. The vibration
exciter subjects objects to 22,000 force pounds. The object being
vibrated is a gyroscope which acts as a "brain" to keep space vehicles
from veering off course.

��The company also had a role in designing
equipment for the gigantic concrete and
steel test stands used at Marshall Space
Flight Center for the static firing of large
boosters and engines. The Engineering Design and Development Department participated in designs for modifying a test stand
and designed a weather enclosure to go
around the work area atop another. The
weather enclosure was also fabricated in
Brown's Manufacturing Department.
The company designed the tooling dock
and personnel platforms for a hydrostatic
test stand and certain propellant and water
systems for two static test towers.

INFORMATION PROCESSING / Brown's
Systems Engineering Department continued
to serve space and defense customers, as
well as a growing number of commercial
clients, in the areas of scientific programming and management systems during the
past year.
Scientific programming personnel participated in a number of aerospace research
projects, including a study to determine
whether hostile re-entry vehicles are carrying warheads; an analysis of a space vehicle's trajectory, and development of a
method to study the stress and strain placed
on buildings, test facilities and rocket engines during test or launch of large boosters.
This department also developed a technique for automatically testing and checking
out a complete space system by computer,
using digital simulation techniques,
The department expanded the performance and scope of an automated information
storage and retrieval system which provides

reliability information on parts and components for space vehicle design organizations throughout the country. Using this system, a designer on the West Coast who desires test, inspection and failure reports on
an item submits his request through a telecommunications network. The request is entered into the processing computer system
via a teletype network and the information
is automatically retrieved. Brown accepts input data to the system, and standardizes and
incorporates it in magnetic tape files which
provide automated responses to inquiries.
Brown's information system specialists are
also exploring the application of optical
scanning techniques to minimize the time
required to search for information in voluminous catalogs and manuals.
Many management concepts being successful ly used in America's space program
can be equally beneficial to the small businessman. During the year the department
made these available to private industry
through a new Management Science Branch.
The new branch makes it possible for businessmen to employ modern management
techniques without the cost of hiring fulltime high-salaried professionals to design
and implement them. Typical of the areas
in which the branch specializes are: accounting, administration, scheduling, costing, inventory control, reporting and industrial engineering applications.
The department continued to provide computer, card punch and electronic accounting
machine services to defense, aerospace and
industrial organizations through the company's IBM 140111410/7040 computer complex, one of the most advanced in the South.

�PRODUCTS / Significant new developments
occurred during the year in Brown Engineering's three commercially marketed products
- BECON printed circuit connectors, closed
circuit television equipment and printed circuit boards.
The Electronic Systems Division developed a micro-circuit connector for use in
a major Air Force instrumentation program.
The connector, which will accommodate up
to seven micro-circuits, is being modified to
make it more versatile, and will be added to
Brown's standard product line in early 1965.
The division designed and developed frequency-shift-keying equipment which makes
it possible for a closed circuit television
camera to be remotely operated hundreds of
miles away by a telephone line. The video
image is transmitted from the camera to a
monitor via a telephone microwave link or
standard communications line.
Brown personnel also designed and developed a fully transistorized reed relay switching device for closed circuit television. This
unit, which can be controlled over common
telephone lines, is capable of switching any
one of 80 television cameras to any one of
80 monitors.
Still another achievement was the introduction of a process for making gold plated
printed circuit boards without plating the
copper soldering pads. Heretofore, it has
been necessary for customers to erase the
gold plating from the soldering pads before
using the boards. The new process enables
the company to more efficiently produce a
superior board and saves customers valuable
time.
Substantial increases in sales coincided
A column of liquid in a plexiglas container is subjected to a range
of vibrational accelerations and frequencies. The behavior of bubbles
which form under these conditions is studied in relation to their
effects on full-scale propellant tanks and feed lines. Brown Engineering employees assisted NASA in this study at the Marshall Space
Flight Center.
This micro-circuit connector was designed and built by Brown Engineering for Sperry Gyroscope Company for use in a major Air
Force instrumentation program.

�with these new technical advancements.
To more effectively market BECON products, the company now has manufacturer's
representatives in 16 offices, serving all
major industrial and defense centers of the
country, and a national distribution point in
St. Louis.

REED-MULLINS / In addition to its contributions to America's extra terrestrial activities, Brown Engineering is helping to
shape the skyline of the Huntsville area
through its architects-engineers division,
Reed-Mullins and Associates.
Reed-Mullins designed another link in
Huntsville's modern educational system,
Northwest Elementary School. Nearing completion, the structure is designed so that air
conditioning and classroom television may
be added.
The commercial products division of International Business Machines' Huntsville
operations recently occupied an ultra-modern structure designed by Reed-Mul lins. Located in the Industrial Research Park, the
building's exterior is uniquely designed to
give viewers a floating illusion.
The Brown division assisted Huntsville in
its continuing street enlargement program
by performing engineering and design work
for four-laning segments of three major
thoroughfares.
Construction was started during the year
on Huntsville's new public library, designed
by Reed-Mullins, and the city's new Chamber of Commerce building, which the division designed in association with three other
architects.
To meet the growing demands for specialized aerospace testing
services, Brown Engineering added this hydraulic/pneumatic/vibrationlshock facility, costing more than three quarters million dollars,
to its Systems Evaluation and Test Department in March 1964.
Reed-Mullins and Associates, Brown Engineering's architects-engineers division, designed this modern structure in the lndustrial
Research Park to house International Business Machines' expanding
Huntsville ooerations.

�The company's architects-engineers division is developing a community fallout shelter utilization plan for the Huntsville area as
part of a nation-wide pilot project. The project will provide a general plan for the emergency sheltering of populations in Huntsville
and parts of three adjoining counties, and
develop techniques to be applied in planning
logical sheltering for other communities.
Huntsville is one of 57 American cities participating in the pilot program, which is under the direction of the national Civil Defense office in Washington and Stanford Research Institute, with the cooperation of
state and local Civil Defense officials, the
Huntsville Planning Commission, the U. S.
Army Corps of Engineers, the U. S. Army
Missile Command and Support Command
and National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

ELECTRO-MECHANISMS I An agreement
in principle under which Brown Engineering
Company will acquire all outstanding capital
stock of Electro-Mechanisms, Inc., of Methuen, Massachusetts, and Nashua, New
Hampshire, was announced during the year
by Brown President Milton K. Cummings
and Electro-Mechanisms President Sidney
K. Tally.

35 to 170, and 1964 sales total $510,000.
Brown uses E-M's flexible printed cables
and multi-layered circuits in the fabrication
of telemetry equipment. Other major users
of the company's products are the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, International Business Machines and Litton
Industries.
Acquisition of the firm will augment
Brown's outstanding electronics product line
and developments in micro-circuitry techniques.
In addition to operating the two plants in
the East, Brown plans to install equipment
to manufacture E-M products in Huntsville
and the Southern California area.
NEW EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES / The
company spent approximately $1.6 million
during the past 12 months for new facilities
and equipment. Biggest additions were a
hydrauliclpneumaticlvibrationlshock facility, to complement Brown's environmental
test laboratory, and clean room facilities for
the assembly of telemetry equipment.

Electro-Mechanisms is a manufacturer of
flexible printed cable, layered circuits and
similar electronic products. These products
have applications in the packaging of modern micro-circuit elements into advanced
electronic systems, as well as uses in present
day components.

The new 5,100 square foot test building
contains four steel-reinforced concrete cells
which are equipped to provide hydraulic
service (120 gpm at 5,000 psi), pneumatic
service (70,000 SCFM at 12,000 psi), and
vibration to 22,000 force pounds. A mobile
10,000 force-pound vibration system and a
fixed 22,000 force-pound vibration system
are located so that a single power and control console operates either unit. Insulated
lines allow vibration at cryogenic temperatures.

The fast-growing company was founded
two years ago. Employment has grown from

The expansions have resulted in appreciable new business in both areas.

�CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
BROWN ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC., AND SUBSIDIARY

December 31, 1964, and

ASSETS
December 31, December 31,
1964
1963
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

392,458

$

210,656

Accounts receivable from United States Government - Note B

3,141,347

3,895,548

Other accounts and notes receivable, less allowance for
doubtful accounts of $5,000 . . . . . . . . .

. . .

1,300,732

321,925

. . . . .

1,119,520

506,922

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,329,797

810,817

Unbilled costs and fees under cost-plus-fixed-fee
contracts - Note B . . . . . . . . . . .
Inventories - Note B

Prepaid expenses - Note C

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .
PROPERTY, PLANT, EQUIPMENT, AND LEASEHOLD
IMPROVEMENTS - at cost - Note C
Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Buildings and site improvements . . . . . . . . . . .
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS

Leasehold improvements . . . . .
Machinery, furniture, and equipment

. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
Construction i n progress- Note D . .
Unamortized miscellaneous equipment

OTHER ASSETS
TOTAL ASSETS

.

. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Brown Engineering asserted itself as a leader in the design, development and manufacture of telemetry equipment for both airborne and
ground applications during 1964. Some of the equipment the
company's Instrumentation Department is building for the Saturn
program includes (from left) a vibration demultiplexer; high level
submultiplexer; airborne calibrator, and low-level submultiplexer.

91,113
$13,288,162

177,960
$11,084,138

-

�id

December 31, 1963

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
December 31, December 31,
1964
1963
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Notes payable t o banks

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 2,925,000

Accounts payable - trade

$

400,000

582,179

1,072,585

. . . . . . . . . .

892,798

1,082,675

. . . . . . . . . . .

495,620

516,920

. . . . . . .
Federal and state taxes o n income-estimatedNote C . . .
Current maturities of senior notes payable- Note E . . . . .

101,863

91,046

279,729

630,746

125,000
--

-

. . . . . . . .

$ 5,402,189

$ 3,856,472

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,816,188

1,939,316

Accrued vacation, salaries, a n d wages
Payroll taxes withheld and accrued

Other accounts payable a n d accrued expenses

TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES

62,500

LONG-TERM DEBT
Senior notes payable-

Note E

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY -Notes

E, F, G, H, I and J

Common Stock, par value $1.00 a share:
Authorized: 1,200,000 shares;
Issued: 1964- 709,941 shares; 1963 -468,993 shares
Capital i n excess of par value of Common Stock . . .
Retained earnings

LEASES - Note

. . .
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

709,941
3,374,745

1,985,099
-$ 6,069,785

$

468,993
3,587,533

1,231,824
$ 5,288,350

K

CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

-Notes

G and H

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

$13,288,162
--

See notes t o consolidated financial statements.

$11,084,138

--

�ERNST &amp;

ERNST

2511 M E M O R I A L P A R K W A Y , S O U T H

HUNTSVILLE, ALA. 3 5 e O I

Board of Directors
Brown Engineering Company, Inc.
Huntsville, Alabama
We have examined the consolidated balance sheet of Brown Engineering Company, Inc.,
a n d subsidiary as of December 31, 1964, and the related statements of consolidated income
and retained earnings and consolidated capital i n excess of par value of Common Stock for the
year then ended. Our examination was made i n accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards, and accordingly included such tests of the accounting records a n d such other auditi n g procedures as we considered necessary i n the circumstances. We made a similar examination of the financial statements for the preceding year.

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheet and statements of consolidated income and retained earnings and consolidated capital i n excess of par value of Common
Stock present fairly the consolidated financial position of Brown Engineering Company, Inc., a n d
subsidiary at December 31, 1964, and the consolidated results of their operations for the year
then ended, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a basis consistent with that of the preceding year.
February 3, 1965
&amp;-hJ-

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATE,MENTS
BROWN ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC., AND
SUBSIDIARY
December 31, 1964
NOTE A-

PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Brown Engineering Company, Inc., and its
wholly-owned subsidiary, Space Resources, Inc., which was
organized i n September, 1961. All significant intercompany
accounts, transactions, and profits have been eliminated.
Profits realized by the subsidiary have been credited t o
the retained earnings account.
NOTE B - INVENTORIES AND RECLASSIFICATIONS OF
AMOUNTS REPORTED I N THE 1963 ANNUAL FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
Inventories of raw materials and supplies of $223,104
are priced at the lower of average cost or market. Work
i n process on fixed price contracts of $1,046,079 and
finished goods of $60,614 are priced a t cost.
Certain items as shown by the Audited Financial Statements for December 31, 1963, have been reclassified for
comparative purposes.
NOTE C-TAXES

ON INCOME

During 1963, the Company agreed t o certain Internal
Revenue Service adjustments which capitalized certain
lease costs and lengthened the amortization period of
leasehold improvements t o June 30, 1965; however, the
Company has not changed its capitalization policies for
financial statement reporting purposes as revenues realized from these facilities have been based on amortization
periods expiring i n 1963 and 1964. These adjustments re-

**

sulted i n additional federal and state taxes on income for
the years 1960, 1961, and 1962 of $214,954.
Of this amount, $16,078 and $120,690 has been realized
as a tax reduction i n 1963 and 1964, respectively, leaving
a balance of $78,186 which has been included i n prepaid
expenses and will reduce the 1965 tax liability.
The provision for taxes on income for 1964 has been
reduced by $39,729 of deferred taxes as a result of changes
i n the income tax laws concerning investment credit.
The Company's federal and state income tax returns
have been reviewed by the taxing authorities for years
through 1961.
NOTE D - CONSTRUCTION I N PROGRESS
At December 31, 1964, the estimated cost t o complete
construction i n progress was $69,430.
NOTE E - SENIOR NOTES PAYABLE
A twelve-year 6% senior note of $1,250,000 will be repaid
i n semi-annual installments of $62,500 each, which began
August 1, 1964. The Company granted the lending institution a warrant, which is exercisable i n whole or i n part
a t any time to February 1, 1974, t o purchase 39,000 shares
of its unissued Common Stock for $10 a share. During 1963,
25,000 shares of Common Stock applicable t o this warrant
were purchased by the lending institution. After giving
effect to the stock split referred to i n Note I, 21,000 shares
remain under this warrant at a price of $6.67 a share.
From the same institution, the Company received $750,000
representing the proceeds of a fourteen-year 6% senior
note with a principal amount of $783,779, which includes
$33,779 deferred interest t o adjust the effective annual
interest rate to 6%% of the proceeds of $750,000. Any
prepayments shall be adjusted t o limit the rate of interest
t o 6%% a year. This loan will be repaid i n semi-annual
installments of $130,630 each, commencing August 1, 1974.

�The notes provide, among other things, that aggregate
cash dividends paid, including any proposed dividend,
purchase, redemption, or retirement of stock may not
exceed an amount equal t o 40% of the Company's consolidated net income after taxes from December 31, 1961,
to and including the date of such dividend and redemptions, plus $60,000. Retained earnings which were not
restricted under this provision at December 31, 1964, were
$631,065. I n addition, the Company may declare and pay
dividends, payable solely i n stock of the Company, and
may purchase, redeem, or retire stock solely i n consideration for the issue of other stock of the Company.
NOTE F - EMPLOYEES' STOCK OPTIONS
At December 31, 1964, 36,768 shares of authorized but
unissued stock were reserved for stock options to key
employees of the Company, pursuant t o the Restricted
Stock Option Plan, approved by the stockholders on
August 6, 1959.
The plan provides that no option may be exercised until
the optionee has remained i n the continuous employ of
the Company for two years from the date of the option,
after which the option may be exercised not later than
five years from the date of granting the option. The stock
may be purchased at not less than 95% of the fair market
value thereof on the date the option is granted, or 110%
i n the case of any employee who owns more than 10% of
the outstanding stock of the Company.
As of December 31, 1964, after giving effect t o the stock
split referred to i n Note I, options which are exercisable
within four years from the date of granting of the options
covering an aggregate of 26,521 shares of Common Stock
were outstanding, including options totaling 4,689 shares
granted to six officers of the Company.
Options outstanding at December 31, 1964, follow:
Fair Value at
Date of Option
Date Options Granted Shares
Per Share
Total

. .
. . . .

December 13, 1961
June 17, 1963
June 17, 1963 . .
August 17, 1964 .

11,961
14,160
300
100

. .
. .

$ 5.33
15.83
18.33
12.95

TOTAL FAIR VALUE

$ 63,752
224,153
5,500
1,295
$294,700

Options for 100 shares were granted and options for
4,530 shares were cancelled during the year. Options for
6,451 shares were exercised during the year.
NOTE G - RENEGOTIATION
Substantially a l l of the Company's business is subject
t o profit limitation as determined by the Renegotiation
Board. The Company has been notified by the Renegotiation Board that no further action is anticipated for years
ending with and prior to December 31, 1963. The Company
believes that no refund will be required for the year ended
December 31, 1964.
NOTE H -DEFERRED
PLANS

COMPENSATION AND PENSION

The Company has an insured, non-contributory pension
plan and a contributory deferred compensation plan for

a l l eligible employees. The Company's contributions t o
these plans for 1964 were $208,898 and $619,252, respectively. As of December 31, 1964, the estimated cost t o fund
the remaining balance of past service liability applicable
to the non-contributory pension plan was $32,400.
NOTE I -STOCK

DISTRIBUTION

On February 21, 1964, the Board of Directors adopted a
resolution that a recapitalization of the Company be made
i n the nature of a split of its outstanding stock on a 3-for-2
basis without changing par value per share; such recapitalization was a split-up effected i n the form of a stock
dividend by issuing one additional share of Common Stock
for each two shares of its outstanding Common Stock. The
recapitalization was effected by the transfer of $1 for
each share of Common Stock thus issued from the capital
i n excess of par value of Common Stock account t o the
Common Stock account.
NOTE J - SUBSEQUENT EVENT
During January, 1965, the Company entered into an agreement with the stockholders of Electro-Mechanisms, Inc.,
Methuen, Massachusetts, to issue and deliver t o the stockholders on March 1, 1965, 25,571 shares of the Company's
Common Stock i n exchange for all of the issued and outstanding stock of Electro-Mechanisms, Inc. I n addition,
on or before May 15, 1969, the Company will deliver additional shares of the Company's Common Stock based
on the average earnings of Electro-Mechanisms, Inc., as
defined by the agreement, for the four years ending December 31, 1968, and the average market price of the
Company's stock during the six month period ended May
15, 1969. Common Stock issued and delivered under this
agreement shall, i n no event, exceed 89,285 shares.
The agreement provides, among other things, that the
Company provide funds necessary for Electro-Mechanisms,
Inc., to maintain a current ratio of approximately two-toone and to provide additional funds, not exceeding $250,000,
to finance the acquisition of facilities, machinery, and
equipment required for existing and projected production
programs. The agreement also provides for a contract of
employment with each of five key employees of ElectroMechanisms, Inc., whereunder each will remain i n the
employ of Electro-Mechanisms, Inc., for a term of five
years.
NOTE K - LEASES
The Company is leasing certain buildings at a monthly
rental of approximately $15,200. These leases expire on
June 30, 1965, with seven one-year renewal options. Approximately 170,000 square feet of the total 247,926 rentable
square feet has been sub-leased t o the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under leases which
expire June 30, 1965. In addition, the Company is leasing
certain other buildings at a monthly rental of approximately $8,000, under leases which expire at various times
until November, 1970.
The Company is also leasing certain equipment on
which the annual rental aggregates $7,500; the majority
of these leases expire during the next two years. The
Company is also leasing electronic computer equipment
on a current basis with a monthly rental of approximately
$60,000.

�STATEMENT OF CONSOLIDATED INCOME
AND RETAINED EARNINGS
BROWN ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC., AND SUBSIDIARY
Years ended December 31, 1964, and December 31, 1963

1964
Net sales . .
Cost of sales.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General and administrative expenses . . . . . . .
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS . . . .
Other expenses - net . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INCOME BEFORE TAXES ON INCOME
Taxes on income - estimated - Note C
Federal income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . .
State income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . .
TOTAL TAXES ON INCOME . . . .
NET INCOME . . . . . . . . . .
Retained earnings at beginning of year . . . . . .
Deduct cash dividends paid-$.20 a share in 1964 and 1963
RETAINED EARNINGS AT END OF YEAR .

. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .

Depreciation and amortization included above:
Year ended December 31, 1964 - $839,707
Year ended December 31, 1963 - $792,209
See notes to consolidated financial statements.

STATEMENT OF CONSOLIDATED CAPITAL IN EXCESS
OF PAR VALUE OF COMMON STOCK
BROWN ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC., AND SUBSIDIARY
Year ended December 31,1964
Balance at January 1, 1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Add excess of proceeds over par value of Common Stock issued
Deduct:
Par value of 235,744 shares of Common Stock issued i n
3-for-2 stock distribution - NOTE 1 . . . . . .
Expense applicable t o issuance of stock . . . . . .
Balance at December 31, 1964 . . . . . . .

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .

$

235,744
6,248

�FINANCIAL REVIEW
SALES AND NET INCOME - For the fourth
consecutive year, sales and net income
reached a new high. 1964 sales were $41,849,713, an increase of $8,726,889 over 1963.
Profits of $895,028 reflected an increase of
$86,223 over 1963. The Company earned
$1.26 per share in 1964, compared with $1.14
per share in 1963, based on 709,941 shares
outstanding at December 31, 1964.
LONG-TERM FINANCING - During the year
1964 a 3 for 2 stock split on March 13, 1964,
and 6,451 shares purchased by employees
through stock options increased outstanding
stock to 709,941. On April 20, 1964, Brown
Engineering Common Stock began trading
on the American Stock Exchange under the
symbol "BCO".
SHORT-TERM FINANCING -The
Company's unsecured line of credit was increased from $5,000,000 to $8,000,000 during
1964. The participating banks are: The First
National Bank, Huntsville; Third National
Bank, Nashville, Tennessee; The Chase Manhattan Bank, New York; and the Citizens and
Southern National Bank, Atlanta, Georgia.
Short-term borrowings averaged $2,889,000
during 1964 and reached a peak of $5,250,000 during the second quarter. Short-term
borrowing is required to handle fluctuations
in work-in-process inventory for fixed price
contracts and in the normal payment cycle
of major government contracts. Borrowing
during 1964 was considered normal, and it
is anticipated that average short-term borrowing will continue and may be greater during 1965.
DIVIDENDS - Quarterly cash dividends of
5C per share amounting to $141,753 were
paid during 1964. The eighteenth consecutive dividend was paid on December 18,
1964. Dividends are paid by The Chase Manhattan Bank, New York, which acts as dividend disbursing agent for Brown Engineeri ng.
FINANCIAL POSITION - Cash flow provided $1,849,830 during 1964, which was
used for the reduction of long-term debt,
payment of dividends, and primarily for the
purchase of capital assets. Working capital,

combined with adequate bank credit, provided a sound financial basis for operations.
During 1965 less dollars should be expended
for capital assets; therefore, increasing working capital.
CONTRACTS - At the end of the year, the
contract backlog of $10,000,000 represented
approximately a 3-month effort for all major
contracts. A change in government contracting methods has resulted in short-term
funding of all cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts.
New contracts will be awarded during the
first quarter of 1965, and longer funding
periods are anticipated.
SPACE RESOURCES, INC. - Brown Engineering's wholly-owned subsidiary owns the
facilities occupied by Brown Engineering
Company, Inc., at 300 Sparkman Drive in
Huntsville and a 10,000 square foot manufacturing building at Cape Kennedy. During
1964, Space Resources exchanged 7 acres
of land at the Sparkman Drive complex for
14 acres at the same location, increasing its
land holdings to 84.7 acres. The test and
telemetry buildings were completed during
the year, adding 12,625 square feet to Brown
Engineering's Huntsville facilities. Brown
Engineering now leases 247,659 square feet
from Space Resources, Inc., at 300 Sparkman Drive.
Stock TradedAmerican Stock Exchange
Transfer AgentThe Chase Manhattan Bank
80 Pine Street
New York 15, N. Y.
Co-Transfer AgentThe Citizens &amp; Southern National Bank
P. 0. Box 4899
Atlanta 2, Georgia
RegistrarUnited States Trust Company of New York
45 Wall Street
New York 5, N. Y.
Co-RegistrarFirst National Bank of Atlanta
P. 0. Box 4148
Atlanta 2, Georgia

�DIRECTORS
Milton K. Cummings, Chairman of the Board, Joseph C.
Moquin, Robert B. Anderson, William A. Giardini, William
L. Vernon, M. H. Lanier Jr., H. E. Monroe, Kenneth J. Thornhill, Elliott Goldstein, Thomas D. Johnson.
OFFICERS
Below, from left, Jack W. Hendrix, Vice President of Engineering; Joseph C. Moquin, Executive Vice President;
Milton K. Cummings, President; William A. Giardini, Vice
President; Robert B. Anderson, Senior Vice President; William L. Vernon, Secretary and Treasurer.

�l GREAT NECK, N. Y.

r SOMERVILLE, N. J.
l PHILADELPHIA, PA.

YASHINGTON, D. C. l
TOWSON, ~ 0 . 0 lABERDEEN, MO.

HAMPTON. VA.

ST. LOUIS, MO. l

lOOWNEY, CALIF.
0 SANTA MONICA. CALIF.
lLOS ANGELES, CALIF.

HUNTSVILLE, ALA. l
DALLAS, TEX. l
MOBILE, ALA. 0
NEW ORLEANS, LA. l
l

lCAPE CANAVERAL, FLA.

HOUSTON, TEX.
SARASOTA, FLA.

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�PRINCIPAL CUSTOMERS
NASAIMarshall Space Flight Center
U. S. Army Missile Command
NASA/ Langley Research Center
NASAIKennedy Space Center
Aberdeen Proving Grounds
Frankford Arsenal
Corpus Christi Naval Air Station
Mobile Air Materiel Area, Brookley AFB
NASAJManned Spacecraft Center
Bureau of Ships
Boeing
Chrysler
Douglas
North American Aviation
Sperry Gyroscope Company
McDonald Aircraft
Litton Industries
Texas Instruments
Electro-Mechanica l Research
Spacecraft
International Business Machines
General Electric
Catalytic Construction Company

Design, copy, art and photographs by Brown Engineering's Technical Publications Branch. Printing by The Stein Printing Company, Atlanta.

�ANNUAL, REPORT/ BROWN ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC./ HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA
I

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&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.&lt;/p&gt;
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                    <text>NASA TECHNICAL
MEMORANDUM
January 13, 1966

1965 P U B L I C A T I O N S
BY
M a t e r i a l s Division

NASA

George C. Mdrshdll
S'dce Flight Center,

�NASA-GEORGE C. MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
January 13, 1966

NASA TM.X-53378

1965 PUBLICATIONS

Materials Division
ABSTRACT
"1965 Publications" is a compilation of abstracts of NASA Technical
Memorandums and MSFC Internal Notes, written by personnel of the Materials
Division and released during 1965.
These reports may be requested from the MSFC Library at the following
address:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
Huntsville, Alabama
35812
Attention: MS-IPL

�NASA-GEORGE C. MARSHALL SPACE F L I G H T CENTER

TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM X-53378

1965 PUBLICATIONS

by
Materials Division

MATERIALS D I V I S I O N
PROPULSION AND VEHICLE ENGINEERING LABORATORY

�TABLE OF CONTENTS

........................:....
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SUMMARY

Page
1
1

NASA TECHNICAL MEMORANDUMS

. ... . . .. . . . . . ... . ..
Spectrographic Solution Analysis of Aluminum Alloys . .
Nonmonotonicity in Sensitivity Test Data . . . . . . . .
Studies in Silazane Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1964 Publications

..
..
..
. .

2
2
2

3

Vacuum Compatibility of Engineering Materials (Liquid and
. .
. .
. . .
. . . .
Semi-Solids)

3

Effect of LiquPd Nitrogen Dilution of LOX Impact Sensitivity

3-

Acoustic Techniques for the Nondestructive Evaluation of
. .
Adhesively Bonded Composite Materials . . . . . .

4

H-1 Engine LOX Dome Failure

4

.

. ..

. ...

. ..

..

.

. .
..... ...... . ... .

Comparison of Two Instruments for Determining Hardness
.
. . . ... .. . . . .
of Elastomers

5

Effects of Nuclear Radiation, Cryogenic Temperature, and
Vacuum on the Electrical Properties of Dielectric Materials

5

Accelerated Compression Set Properties of Fourteen
. . . . . . . .
.
.
Elastomers . .

6

.

....

. .

.

. ...

... ... .....

Preliminary Investigation of Blast Hazards of R P - 1 1 ~ 0 ~
and LH2/LOX Propellant Combinations . . .
. . . .

. . .

..

Further Development and Evaluation of M-31 Insulation for
. .. . ....
Radiant Heating Environments . . . . . .

.

.

...........
Tracuum Compatibility of Engineering Materials (Solids) I1 .
Automatic Extensometer for Elastomers

. .
Size and Duration of Fireballs from Propellant Explosions .
Stress Corrosion Studies of AM-355 Stainless Steel . . . . .

Low Temperature Mechanical Properties of HP 9-4-25 Alloy

6

7
7

7
8
8
8

�Page
Experimental X-ray Stress Analysis for PrecipitatTon Hardened
Alloys . . .
.
. . .. .
.
.
.
.

9

Investigation of the Coefficient of Friction of Various
Greases and Dry Film Lubricants at Ultra High Loads for
the Saturn Hold Down Arms
. . .
. . . . . . .

.. .

9

Low Temperature Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy 2219T87, 0.040-Inch Thick Sheet Through 5.000-Inch Thick Plate . .

9

Distribution of Failure Times in Stress Corrosion Tests

. . .

10

Effects of Various Additives on Physical Properties and
. . . . . . . .
Performance of Monomethylhydrazine

...

10

Simulation Study of the Amount of Sensitivity Test Data
Required to Reject the Hypothesis of Normality When the
Sample Population is Nonnormal . .
. ..
.

.... ....

11

Status Report on Chemical Synthesis of Monomeric SelfSealant Type Esters
. . . .
.
.. . .

11

A Compilation of Radiant and

12

. ...

... ... ... ..

.

...

. .

...

.

.

.

.. ..

. . .....
Convective Heating Test Results .

MSFC INTERNAL NOTES
Flexure Fatigue Properties of Typical S-IV Common Bulkhead
Composite Sandwich structure at Liquid Nitrogen.Temperature

.

12

Low Temperature Mechanical Properties of "Tensilized" Waspaloy
Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

Preliminary Investigation of Explosive Hazards of Solvents
. .
. .. . .. .
in Contact with Liquid Oxygen

..

13

S-13 Thermal.Contro1 Coating for SA-91Pegasus A Spacecraft

..

13

. ..

14

. '. . .

.

Examination of Electropolished Foils of Aluminum Alloys
by Transmission Electron Microscopy
. .. . .. . .

.

.

Absorption Correction Tables for the Philips A M R / ~Electron
..
Probe at Electron Energies of 30 and 20 KV

. . ...

14

Low Temperature Mechanical Properties Evaluation of TD Nickel

14

...

�GEORGE C. MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
----

--

-

TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM X-53378

1965 PUBLICATIONS
by
Materials Division

SUMMARY
This report lists and abstracts NASA Technical Memorandums'and MSFC
Internal Notes written by personnel of the Materials Division, Propulsion
and Vehicle Engineering Laboratory, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center,
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, during 1965.

INTRODUCTION
The mission of the Materials Division is to conduct research and
development in materials science and engineering as related to the programs of the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center. This report lists
and abstracts the technical reports written by personnel of the Materials
Division during 1965.
Requests for copies of these reports should be addressed to:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
Huntsville, Alabama 35812
Attention: MS-IPL

�NASA TECHNICAL MEMORANDUMS
J a n u a r y 30, 1965

1964 PUBLICATIONS

NASA TM X-53191

by M a t e r i a l s D i v i s i o n
U n c l a s s i f i e d , 1 8 pages
"1964 P u b l i c a t i o n s " i s a c o m p i l a t i o n of a b s t r a c t s o f a NASA T e c h n i c a l
Note, NASA T e c h n i c a l Memorandums, and MSFC I n t e r n a l N o t e s , w r i t t e n by
p e r s o n n e l of t h e M a t e r i a l s D i v i s i o n and r e l e a s e d d u r i n g 1964.

J a n u a r y 20, 1965

SPECTROGRAPHIC SOLUTION ANALYSIS
OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS

NASA TM X-53192

by D. Hamilton and S. C o r b i t t
U n c l a s s i f i e d , 1 8 pages, 5 t a b l e s , 6 f i g u r e s , 1 p l a t e
To o b t a i n a c c u r a t e a n a l y s e s of m e t a l s and a l l o y s w i t h t h e most
w i d e l y used t e c h n i q u e of s p e c t r o g r a p h i c a n a l y s i s , i . e . , t h e p o i n t - t o p l a n e s p a r k t e c h n i q u e , t h e s t a n d a r d s and t h e unknown m a t e r i a l must be
q u i t e s i m i l a r i n s i z e , s h a p e , chemical c o m p o s i t i o n , and m e t a l l u r g i c a l
s t a t e . By d i s s o l v i n g t h e sample and u s i n g t h e vacuum cup s p a r k t e c h n i q u e
t o a n a l y z e t h e s o l u t i o n , t h e s e l i m i t a t i o n s c a n be circumvented.
Standards
c a n be s y n t h e s i z e d e a s i l y by mixing a l i q u o t s of m a s t e r r e f e r e n c e s o l u tions.
The s o l u t i o n t e c h n i q u e a l s o o f f e r s t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of a d d i n g a n
i n t e r n a l s t a n d a r d and, t h e r e b y , o b t a i n i n g a w i d e r s e l e c t i o n o f r e f e r e n c e
l i n e s t o use i n the analysis.
The s o l u t i o n s p e c t r o g r a p h i c method h a s been i n v e s t i g a t e d and a p p l i e d
t o a wide v a r i e t y of a n a l y t i c a l problems a t t h i s C e n t e r . A s a n example,
t h e p r o c e d u r e f o r t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n of manganese, z i r c o n i u m , magnesium,
vanadium, t i t a n i u m , and i r o n i n t y p e s 2219 and 2319 aluminum a l l o y i s
presented.
The r e s u l t s a g r e e w i t h t h e r e s u l t s o f c l a s s i c a l wet methods
and a r e p r e c i s e t o f0.005 p e r c e n t i n t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n r a n g e s i n v o l v e d .

J a n u a r y 22, 1965

NONMONOTONICITY I N SENSITIVITY
TEST DATA

NASA TM X-53194

by J . B. GAYLE
U n c l a s s i f i e d , 9 pages, 2 f i g u r e s
I n g e n e r a l , t h e f r e q u e n c y of r e a c t i o n s f o r s e n s i t i v i t y t e s t d a t a
of t h e ''go-no-go" t y p e i n c r e a s e s m o n o t o n i c a l l y w i t h i n c r e a s i n g l e v e l s
of s t i m u l u s . However, o c c a s i o n a l i n s t a n c e s o f nonmonotonic b e h a v i o r
have been n o t e d .

�One such instance has been investigated by carrying out a sufficient
number of replicate tests to permit a statistical analysis of the data.
The results indicated that over a considerable range of stimulus levels
the frequency of response decreased. significantly with increasing
stimulus levels. The significance of this finding to sensitivity testing in general is discussed.
February 1, 1965

STUDIES IN SILAZANE CHEMISTRY

NASA TM X-53197

by James D. Byrd and James E. Curry
Unclassified, 31 pages, 6 tables, 7 figures
The chemistry of a number of silazane compounds has been studied in
an effort to prepare polymers containing Si-N linkages. This effort
has resulted in the discovery or development of some new and interesting
polymeric materials.
Polysilazanes having good thermal stability, elastomeric properties,
and good film-forming properties have been prepared. A method has been
developed for the preparation of an elastomeric silazane from dimethyldichlorosilane and ethylenediamine. This material has good thermal
stability and remains rubbery after extended exposure to elevated temperatures (300-400°C).
Polymers having a number of useful properties were prepared by
the polymerization of equimolar amounts of h e x a p h e n y l c y c l o t r i s i l a z a n e
and a number of different aromatic diols such as p, p'-biphenol.
February 5, 1965

VACUUM COMPATIBILITY OF ENGINEER- NASA TM X-53207
ING MATERIALS (LIQUIDS AND
SEMI-SOLIDS)
by J. G. Austin and J. B. Gayle

Unclassified, 34 pages, 25 figures
The rates of evaporation of 20 liquid and semi-solid materials in
a vacuum environment and the effects of temperature on the rates of
evaporation of 11 of the 20 materials were determined experimentally.
Test conditions were from room temperature to 154'C at pressures of
lom5 torr or less.
February 15, 1965

EFFECT OF LIQUID NITROGEN
DILUTION ON LOX IMPACT SENSITIVITY
by C. F. Key and J. B. Gay,le

NASA TM X-53208

�Unclassified, 26 pages, 18 figures
An experimental investigation was carried out to study the decrease
in reactivity of materials with liquid oxygen (LOX) that is caused by
A wide range of materials
dilution of the LOX with liquid nitrogen (LN2).
was selected for testing, each of which previously had been shown to be
sensitive to impact in LOX. Tests were made with the ABMA LOX Impact
Tester using LOX/LN2 mixtures ranging in concentration from 20 percent
LOX in LN2 to pure LOX. The results showed that relatively large proportions of LN2 were required to effect an appreciable decrease in
reactivity; however, all materials tested were insensitive to impact at
10 kg-m in liquid air.
March 17, 1965
ACOUSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR THE
NASA TM X-53219
NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF ADHESIVELY
BONDED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
by W. N. Clotfelter
Unclassified, 43 pages, 27 figures
The extensive usage of composite materials in the Saturn vehicle
has required considerable effort in the development of nondestructive
inspection methods to evaluate the mechanical integrity of these materials. This report describes through-transmission and single-side acoustic
methods applicable to the quality verification of composite panels. Some
of the techniques discussed are "off the shelf.'' Others are believed to
be unique. All of these inspection methods are discussed and illustrated
to show their applicability to the quality verification of certain types
of composite structure used in the Saturn. An attempt has been made to
relate selected techniques to the acoustic characteristics of the materials
used.
March 18, 1965

H-1 ENGINE LOX DOME FAILURE

NASA TM X-53220

by C. E. Cataldo
Unclassified, 22 pages, 6 tables, 9 figures
A 7079-T6 aluminum forging, which is the forward closure of the H-1
rocket engine combustion chamber, failed after the engine was installed
on the Saturn S-1-7 vehicle. It was concluded that the failure, occurringseveral weeks before launch at the Kennedy Space Center, was caused
by stress corrosion. This report describes the metallurgical analysis of
the failure and discusses previous failures experienced on this same part
and the corrective actions that were taken.

�March 26, 1965

COMPARISON OF TWO INSTRUMENTS
NASA TM X-53226
FOR DETERMINING HARDNESS OF ELASTOMERS
by J. T. Schell and C. D. Hooper

Unclassified, 31 pages, 5 tables, 18 figures
To reach a higher degree of accuracy in control evaluations of
rubber compounds, a comparison was made of two commercially available
instruments for measuring hardness of elastomeric compounds. These
instruments, the Shore durometer and ASTM (Tinius Olsen), were compared
over a wide hardness range on 13 types of rubber formulations.
Studies indicated that, although the ASTM (Tinius Olsen) instrument
requires a more refined test specimen and is somewhat more difficult
to operate, it is a more precise instrument and should be used where
very close tolerances are involved or as a "referee" in case of doubt
with other instruments. The Shore durometer provides a rapid means for
measuring hardness of elastomers; the specimen size is not critical; and
the Shore durometer accuracy is sufficient for control evaluations as
well as for the majority of end items.
With the graphs and tables in this report, it is possible to convert
units of measure from one instrument to the other for a particular compound of interest; however, to prepare a single table (or graph) illustrating a "typical" correlation for all elastomers is not practical because
of the variation in creep with different formulations.
EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR RADIATION,
NASA TM X-53230
CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE, AND VACUUM ON THE
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF DIELECTRIC MATERIALS

March 30, 1965

by R. L. Gause and E. C. McKannan
Unclassified, 29 pages, 6 tables, 11 figures
The dielectric properties of polymeric materials probably are among
the most sensitive to the effects of radiation from the space environment,
from nuclear power sources, or from nuclear rockets. These properties
also are affected in various ways by other parameters of the space environment such as vacuum and temperature. Therefore, a combined environmental
evaluation of four commonly used dielectrics was made. Some preliminary
results indicate that the effect on the dielectric constant and dissipation factor of the polymers was minor for vacuum alone but of major
significance for radiation alone. The cryogenic tempemperatures had

�a minor effect on the dielectric properties of silicone rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene but a direct and signifikant effect on the epoxy
and polyurethane materials. It appeared that the effect.of cryogenic
temperatures may have counteracted the radiation effects in spme cases.
Obtaining dielectric measurements within the combined environmental
simulator posed some special problems and required some novel techniques
which are described.
April 2, 1965

ACCELERATED COMPRESSION SET
PROPERTIES OF FOURTEEN ELASTOMERS

NASA TM X-53232

by C. D. Hooper and J. T. Schell
Unclassified, 44 pages, 35 figures
Fourteen types of synthetic elastomers, from which O-rings and other
gaskets might be fabricated, were investigated for their compression set
properties. Each compound was tested at a minimum of three temperatures
(ranging from 70°C (158OF) to 250°C (482OF)) during various periods of
time up to 32 days.
Results showed that most elastomers have reasonably good compression
set properties at room temperature (25OC) but that many of these might
have critical limitations when subjected to the same compression at an
elevated temperature. These tests, like other accelerated tests, were
not expected to indicate the small differences that might be encountered
in actual service; however, they do provide a practical evaluation of the
properties that are useful where a high degree of precision is not expected.
A summary of the data obtained from this study is presented in graphical form, illustrating the characteristics and limitations of each
compound tested.
April 9, 1965

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF
BLAST HAZARDS OF RP-1/LOX AND
LH~/LOXPROPELLANT COMBINATIONS

NASA TM X-53240

by John B. Gayle, Charles H. Blakewood, James W. Bransford,
William H. Swindell, and Richard W. High
Unclassified, 31 pages, 20 figures
This report discusses the current status of information regarding
the blast hazards of liquid propellants and presents results obtained
from one part of a comprehensive analytical and experimental investigation of this problem. The data generally were consistent with siting

�criteria now used for RP-11LOX. However, explosive yields determined
for LH2/LOX were markedly lower than values reported by previous investigators and suggest that current siting criteria for this propellant
combination may be overly conservative.

May 25, 1965

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION
OF M-31 INSULATION FOR RADIANT
HEATING ENVIRONMENTS

NASA TM X-53267

by Vaughn F. Seitzinger
Unclassified, 25 pages, 4 tables, 6 figures
The results of a program for additional development and evaluation
of M-31 insulation, a composite material developed specificaliy to protect the base of the Saturn launch vehicle, are presented. This insulation is comprised of fibrous potassium titanate ,and asbestos fibers,
bonded with colloidal silica. Processing techniques by the manufacturer
of potassium titanate resulted in an increase in the bulk density, thermal
conductivity, mechanical strength, and drying shrinkage of the insulation.
June 21, 1965

AUTOMATIC EXTENSOMETER FOR ELASTOMERS NASA TM X-53231
by C. D. Hooper

Unclassified, 19 pages, 1 table 11 figures
An extensometer has been designed to measure accurately the elongation
of any elastomer or similar material and to record electronically this
data on the chart of the testing instrument. This instrument, which may
be used by operators with a minimum of experience, results in reproducibility of data from laboratory to labdratory since the extension is
measured by a semi-automatic.process.
Although it was designed for accuracy (from 0 to 1000 percent using
a one-inch original gauge), the instrument is rugged enough to require
no special handling. It is relatively simple to fabricate in a standard
machine shop and can be adapted to almost any tension testing instrument
(conforming to ASTM or Military Specifications for testing elastomers)
at a very low cost when compared to other commercial laboratory equipment.
June 24, 1965

VACUUM COMPATIBILITY OF ENGINEERING NASA TM X-53286
MATERIALS (SOLIDS) I1
by J. G. Austin and J. B. Gayle

�Unclassified, 156 pages, 2 tables, 130 figures
.The rate and extent of weight loss of 62 solid materials in a vacuum
environment were determined experimentally by continuous and intermittent
weighing techniques. Test conditions ranged from 41°C to 200°C at presto 10-5 torr. The results are presented in 2 tables and
sures of
130 figures.
July 23, 1965 LOW TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES NASA TM X-53302
OF HP 9-4-25 ALLOY
by W. R. Morgan
Unclassified, 13 pages, 3 tables, 4 figures
The mechanical properties of HP 9-4-25 alloy sheet (0.062-inch thick)
The
were determined at temperatures from 27OC (80°F) to -253OC (-423OF).
ultimate tensile and yield strengths were considerably greatet at -253OC
(-423OF) than at 27OC (80°F),' and the notched/unnotched tensile ratios
were greater than 0.81 at temperatures from 27OC (80°F) to -196OC
(-320°F).
This alloy is not recommended for critical applications below
-196OC (-320°F) since the elongation and notched/unnotched tensile ratio
decreased raptdly below this temperature.
August 4 , 1965

SIZE AND DURATION OF FIREBALLS
FROM PROPELLANT EXPLOSIONS

NASA TM X-53314

by J. B. Gayle and J. W. Bransford
Unclassified, 19 pages, 7 figures
Data from tests and vehicle incidents have been compiled and analyzed
with respect to fireball diameters and durations. Both variables were
found to be dependent on the cube root of the weight of the combined
propellants and independent of the particular propellant combination.
Fireball diameters also appear to be roughly dependent on the cube root
of the ambient pressures.
August 9, 1965

STRESS CORROSION STUDIES OF AM-355
STAINLESS STEEL

NASA TM X-53317

by J. G. Williamson
Unclassified, 18 pages, 3 tables, 6 figures
The stress corrpsion cracking susceptibility of AM-355 stainless steel
alloy was studied. This alloy is used extensively for sleeves in flared

�tube fittings in the S-I and S-IC stages of the Saturn I and Saturn V
vehicles, respectively. Various heat treated conditions were investigated
and relative stress corrosion cracking susceptibility determined. Of the
generally used heat treatments, the fully hardened SCT 1000 treatment was
found to be superior in stress corrosion resistance.
September 13, 1965

EXPERIMENTAL X-RAY STRESS
ANALYSIS FOR PRECIPITATION
HARDENED ALUMINUM ALLOYS

NASA TM X-53329

by J. H. Wharton and W. L. Prince
Unclassified, 26 pages, 12 figures
X-ray diffraction techniques for dekrmining stress in precipitation
hardened aluminum alloys have been developed and evaluated. The materials
investigated included 2014-T6, 2219-T37, and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys. A
precision corresponding to +5 percent of the alloy yield strengths was
obtained under laboratory conditions. Further studies are needed to
evaluate this method for field measurements of stress in vehicle components.
September 14, 1965
INVESTIGATION OF THE
NASA TM X-53331
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION OF VARIOUS
GREASES AND DRY FILM LUBRICANTS AT ULTRA
HIGH LOADS FOR THE SATURN HOLD DOWN ARMS
by K. E. Demorest and A. F. Whitaker
Unclassified, 29 pages, 2 tables, 12 figures
A series of high load, l6w speed sliding friction tests was made on
8 fluid lubricants and 18 dry lubricants at normal unit loads from 10,000
psi to 150,000 psi. Four different substrate materials having a range of
hardnesses from Rockwell C 18 to Rockwell C 55 were used. The ultimate
load capability of both fluids and dry films is a function of substrate
hardness with the best ultimate load capability being provided by inorganically bonded molybdenum disulfide films with small amounts of graphite
added. The coefficient of friction of the fluid lubricants appears to be
an inverse function of substrate hardness and a direct function of the normal
load. The coefficient of friction of the dry lubricants is an inverse function of the normal load, but it does not appear to be related to the substrate hardness.
September 14, 1965

LOW TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM ALLOY
2219-T87, 0.040-INCH THICK SHEET
THROUGH 5.000-INCH THICK PLATE
by C. R. Denaburg

NASA TM X-53332

�Unclassified, 33 pages, 12 tables, 11 figures
The mechanical properties of aluminum alloy 2219-T87 sheet and plate
of various thicknesses were determined over the temperature range from
ambient through -253OC (-423OF). The ultimate tensile and yield strengths
in the longitudinal and transverse direction increased as the temperature
decreased. The ultimate tensile strength ranged from 66.4 to 69.4 ksi at
ambient temperature and 95.8 to 107.3 ksi at -253°C (-G23OF). The yield
strength at ambient temperature was between 54.1 and 57.1 ksi; however,
at -253OC (-423OF), it ranged between 68.8 and 79.5 ksi.
The elongation, in general, increased as the temperature decreased.
Elongation in the longitudinal and transverse directions for all the
thicknesses investigated averaged 9.0 percent at ambient temperature and
11 percent at -253OC (-423OF).
The tensile strength in the short transverse direction for the twoinch thick plate was 64.0 ksi at ambient temperature and 78.9 ksi at
-253OC (-423OF). The elongation was 4.6 percent at ambient temperature
and decreased to 1.3 percent at -253OC (-423OF).
The tensile strength in the short transverse direction of the fiveinch thick plate was 54.6 ksi at ambient temperature and 65.1 ksi at
-253°C (-423OF). Elongation was 0.6, 0.2, and 1.6 percent in two inches
for ambient temperature, -196OC (-320°F), and -253OC (-423OF), respectively.
Previous evaluations of aluminum alloy 2219 by this division are
referenced.
November 1, 1965

DISTRIBUTION OF FAILURE TIMES IN
STRESS CORROSION TESTS

NASA TM X-53355

by J. B. Gayle
Unclassified, 12 pages, 3 figures
The results of stress corrosion tests on aluminum alloys have been
analyzed with respect to the statistical nature of the distribution of
failure times. The analyses indicated that the data were represented
adequately by a three-parameter Weibull distribution in which the induction
period amounted to 85 percent of the time of the first observed failure
and 55 percent of the time required for failure of half the specimens.
November 3, 1965 EFFECTS OF VARIOUS ADDITIVES ON
NASA TM X-53356
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF
MONOMETHYLHYDRAZINE
by Harold Perkins

�Unclassified, 15 pages, 2 tables, 7 figures
The freezing and boiling points of 0 -40 percent mixtures of various
nitrogen compounds and water in monomethylhydrazine (MMH) were determined
experimentally. The additives for these mixtures were selected on the
basis of chemical similarity to MMH, mixture thermal stability, probability of contamination occurrence, cryoscopic and ebullioscopic effects,
and anticipated effects on propellant performance.
Theoretical specific impulses were calculated as a function of additive concentration using nominal values of the Saturn S-IVB Vehicle
Auxiliary Propulsion System as a basis.
November 4, 1965

SIMULATION STUDY OF THE AMOUNT OF NASA TM X-53357
SENSITIVITY TEST DATA REQUIRED TO REJECT
THE EIYPOTHESIS OF NORMALITY WHBN THE
SAMPLE POPULATION IS NONNORMAL
by J. B. Gayle and C. L. Hopkins

Unclassified,l3 pages, 3 tables, 3 figures
Computer simulation techniques were used to study the number of
sensitivity tests which are required to reject the hypothesis of a
normally distributed sample population when the population actually
was nonnormal. The results indicated that, even under the most favorable
conditions, the number of tests required far exceed the number usually
run in sensitivity type testing. This suggests that any assumption concerning the statistical nature of the distribution ordinarily will not
be verified experimentally.
November,4 , 1965

STATUS REPORT ON CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS NASA TM X-53358
OF MONOMERIC SELF-SEALANT TYPE ESTERS
by Lawrence R. Moffett, Jr.

Unclassified, Zlpages, 8 figures
The purpose of this program was to develop an efficient synthetic
chemical route or the preparation of alkyl esters of a -cyanosorbic
acid (1-cyano-hexadienoic acid) as intermediates in self sealant polymerization studies. The in-house investigation of the direct and indirect
esterification of a-cyanosorbic acid, employing standard and non-conventional techniques, has resulted in the development of a satisfactory
procedure for the preparation of n-butyl-a-cyanosorbate and n-amyl-acyanosorbate in yields approaching 90 percent. Parallel stuzies which
were initiated by the Research and Technology Division of the Air Force
Systems Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, (ASD) under
Government Work Order H-71461, have resulted in the preparation of

�n-butyl-a-cyanosorbate in
-

somewhat lower yields with concomitant longer
reaction periods. The synthetic procedures developed in both investigations
are discussed in detail in this report, and chemical and spectral data are
presented to verify the identities of the esters formed in the various
reactions.

This program established that the direct esterification of a-cyanosorbic acid is quite feasible and is a much preferred route to the indirect esterification through preparation of such intermediates as the
corresponding acid chlorides and sodium salts.
December 15, 1965

A COMPILATION OF RADIANT AND
CONVECTIVE HEATING TEST RESULTS

NASA TM X-53369

by F. Uptagrafft, L. A. Soileau, and T, Barkley
Unclassified, 164 pages, 12 tables, 5 figures
The report is a compilation of data which characterize the response
of approximately 1,500 insulation materials when they are exposed to a
variety of temperature and pressure environments. To establish the capability of these materials to satisfy the many conditions to which they
could be exposed in the Saturn launch vehicles, a multitude of different
heat pulses was included in the material evaluation. The purpose of the
program was to define the characteristics of these materials in peculiar
environments (e.g., radiant heating, heating at reduced pressure, etc.)
which are experienced in the Saturn stages and for which no data were
available. The preponderance of the materials evaluated are available
commercially.
INTERNAL NOTES
January 4, 1965

FLEXURE FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF
IN-P&amp;VE-M-65-1
TYPICAL S-IV COMMON BULKHEAD COMPOSITE SANDWICH STRUCTURE
AT LIQUID NITROGEN TEMPERATURE
by 0. Y. Reece and R. S. Harvey

Unclassified, 12 pages, 1 table, 4 figures
A series of fatigue tests was completed at -196OC (-320°F)
0 to 5 million cycles range for the purpose of establishing an
for a honeycomb structure typical of that used for Saturn S-IV
bulkhead construction. The data and projections show that the
fatigue strength of the panels exceeded the proportional limit

in the

S-N curve
common
average
in the

�range of 0 to 10 million cycles, and the 95 percent confidence limit of
the fatigue strength exceeded the proportional limit in the range of 0
to 400;OOO cycles.
January 28, 1965

LOW TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF f
l
~
~
WASPALOY BOLTS

IN-P&amp;VE-M-65-2
~

~

~

~

~

~

~

by J. W. Montano
Unclassified, 22 pages, 7 tables, 6 figures
This report presents the mechanical properties of "Tensilized"
Waspaloy bolts and reduced shank bolt specimens which were tested at
temperatures from ambient to -423OF (-253OC). The mechanical properties
of the bolt specimens were compared with those of high strength A-286
alloy. It was concluded from the low temperature tests that the "Tensilized"
Waspaloy bolts of 5116-inch diameter, 24 threads per inch should be satisfactory for structural applications in space vehicles at temperatures from
ambient to -423OF (-253OC).

April 9, 1965

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF
EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS OF SOLVENTS IN
CONTACT WITH LIQUID OXYGEN

IN-P&amp;VE-M-65-3

by C. F. Key and J. B. Gayle
Unclassified, 9 pages, 1 table, 1 figure
Small scale tests were carried out to study the explosive hazards
of selected solvents in contact with liquid oxygen. The results indicated
that many solvents react'explosively with liquid oxygen when suitably
initiated. These findings are similar to results of previous studies
using nitrogen tetroxide.
June 22, 1965

S-13 THERMAL CONTROL COATING
FOR SA-9IPEGASUS A SPACECRAFT

IN-P&amp;VE-M-65-4

by L. K. Zoller
Unclassified, 15 pages, 5 tables
Optical property data from various tests of the S-13 thermal control
coating used on the SA-9 launch vehicle are tabulated. Specimens of
the S-13 coating were prepared when the SA-9 vehicle components were
painted. These specimens were located in the Launch Complex 37 Service

~

l

l

�Tower and, thus, were exposed to the same environmental history as the
SA-9 launch vehicle. The specimens were periodically evaluated for ultraviolet radiation stability. The data indicate that the S-13 paint on the
SA-9 vehicle was within design requirements and that the paint should
not deteriorate beyond prescribed limits due to ultraviolet radiation
degradation.
July 22, 1965

EXAMINATION OF ELECTROPOLISHED
FOILS OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

IN-P&amp;VE-M-65-5

by J. H. Wharton, G. R. Marsh, and W. L. Prince
Unclassified, 22 pages. 12 figures
This report describes the techniques which are involved in electropolishing foils of 7075 aluminum alloy for transmission electron microscopy
investigations. The success of these electropolishing techniques is demonstrated by the transmission micrographs that are included. Brief comments
concerning the microstructure observed in 7075 aluminum alloy are given.
July 26, 1965

ABSORPTION CORRECTION TABLES FOR THE
PHILIPS A M R / ~ ELECTRON PROBE AT
ELECTRON ENERGIES OF 30 AND 20 KV

IN-P&amp;VE-M-65-6

by J. H. Wharton, W. L. Prince, and G. R. Marsh
Unclassified, 186 pages, 2 tables
Mass absorption corrections have been tabulated as a function of
mass absorption coefficients and atomic number. The corrections are
based upon Philibert's simplified expression for F(X) and the use of
an emergence angle of 15 degrees. Calculations at two accelerating
voltages, 30 KV (Table I) and 20 KV (Table 11), are included. A typical
application of these data is demonstrated.
December 15, 1965

LOW TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES EVALUATION OF TD-NICKEL

IN-P&amp;VE-M-65-7

by C. R. Denaburg
Unclassified, 10 pages, 2 tables, 3 figures
The mechanical properties of annealed TD-Nickel, 0.030-inch thick
sheet, furnished by E. I. duPont de Nemours and Company, Incorporated,
were determined from ambient temperature through -253OC (-423OF). In

�general, the tensile properties increased with a decrease in temperature,
and the properties in the longitudinal direction increased slightly
more than in the transverse direction at -253OC (-423OF). The notched
tensile strength and notched/unnotched tensile ratio in the transverse
direction were slightly higher than in the longitudinal direction at all
test temperatures.

�January 13, 1966

APPROVAL

NASA TM X-53378

1965 PUBLICATIONS
by Materials Division
The information in this report has been reviewed for securtiy classification. Review of any information concerning Department of Defense or
Atomic Energy Commission programs has been made by the MSFC Security
Classification Officer. This report, in its entirety, has been determined
to be unclassified.
This document has also been reviewed and approved for technical
accuracy.
n

wQ a
d

W. R. Lucas, Chief, Materials Division

F. B. Cline
Director, Propulsion and Vehicle Engineering Laboratory

�DISTRIBUTION
DIR
DEP-T
DEP-T
R-DIR
R-DIR
I-DIR
I-DIR
I-V-MGR
R-A S
R-SA
R-RM
R-AERO-DIR
R-ASTR-DIR
R-COMP-DIR
R-ME-DIR
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R-P&amp;VE-DIR
R-P&amp;VE-A
R-P&amp;VE - P
R-P&amp;VE-R
R-P&amp;VE-RT
R-P&amp;VE- S
R-P&amp;VE -V
R-P&amp;VE-M
R-P&amp;VE-MC
R-P&amp;VE-ME
R-P&amp;VE-MM
R-P&amp;VE-MN
R-QUAL-DIR
R-TEST-DIR

v
MS-H
MS-I
MS- IPL
MS-T
CC-P
R-ME-m

Dr. von Braun
Dr. Rees
Mr. Neubert
Mr. Weidner
Dr. McCall
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'Mr. Wiggins
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Scientific and Technical Information Facility
P. 0. Box 33
Colle,ge Park, Maryland 20740

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                  <text>&lt;a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html"&gt;here,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html"&gt;here,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;and&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html"&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Saturn Project (U.S.)        </text>
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