3 20 63 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14290/spc_skyl_001116_001169.pdf 7b26f814e31c074dec95e29f1a3a9c35 PDF Text Text There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY ASTRONAUT SCHWEICKART AT FAS AREA EXTENDING ROOM TO ATM." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY, ASTRONAUT SCHWEICKART AT SKYLAB FAS WORK STATION." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY, ASTRONAUT SCHWEICKART ATTACHING CAMERA TREE TO STORAGE POSITION AT SKYLAB FAS WORK STATION." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BOUYANCY, ASTRONAUT MUSGRAVE EXITING FROM SKYLAB AIRLOCK, SCHWEICKART IN FOOT RESTRAINTS AT FAS WORK STATION XTXTYEEX" �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BOUYANCY, ASTRONAUT GIBSON, ED APPROACHING EXPERIMENT DO-24 DURING SETURN TRANSIATION FROM ATM, MUSGRAVE AT AIRLOCK WORKSTATION." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BOUYANCY SKYLAB EVA TRAINING, ASTRONAUT CONRAD POSITIONS MOTION PICTURE CAMERA AT FAS WORKSTATION." �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86822" �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86534" �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86456" �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "AIRLOCK NASA TRAINER ON PRODUCTION LINE IN MDAC-E BLDG-101 EXTERIOR VIEW SHOWING D024 EXPERIMENT MODULE, O2 TANKS & EVA AREA. NASA-1434" �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86821" �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "Airlock Zone 6 between 9 & 10 closeup of extendable boom control panel 321 and temporary stowage hook 3/4 view from outside vehicle and forward, MDAC Input for month of June." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "Airlock Zone 6 between 9 & 10 closeup of extendable boom control panel 321 and temporary stowage hook view straight in from outside vehicle. MDAC Input for month of June." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "Airlock Zone 6 between 9 & 10 closeup of extendable boom control panel 321 and temporary stowage hook view straight in from outside vehicle. MDAC Input for month of June." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "Airlock zone 14 & 6 temporary stowage hook. MDAC Input for month of June." �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86770" �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "AIRLOCK-ZONE-3. CLOSEUP OF EVA HATCH OPEN-VIEW STRAIGHT OUT FROM INSIDE LOCK COMPARTMENT, MDAC INPUT FOR JUNE." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "AIRLOCK-ZONE-3. CLOSEUP OF EVA HATCH HANDLE IN "OPEN" POSITION WITH HATCH OPEN. MDAC INPUT FOR JUNE." �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86840" �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86535" �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NASA TRAINER - OPEN EVA HATCH FROM EVA AREA. NASA-2595." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "AIRLOCK - ZONE - 3, CLOSEUP OF EVA HATCH OPEN -VIEW ANGLED FROM AFT SECTIONS OF LOCK COMPARTMENT LOOKING FORWARD. MDAC INPUT FOR JUNE." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "AIRLOCK - ZONE - 3. CLOSEUP OF EVA HATCH OPEN - VIEW ANGLED FROM FORWARD SECTION OF LOCK COMPARTMENT LOOKING AFT. MDAC INPUT FOR JUNE." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "Airlock Zone 6 between zones 8&9 closeup of EVA hatch from outside vehicel with hatch open. MDAC Input for month of June." �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86865" �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86825" �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86786" �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86459" �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "T48" �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86824" �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86834" �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY - SKYLAB-3 BACKUP CREW EVA TRAINING - ATM FILM RETRIEVAL - EV-2 HOOKING USED MAGAZINGE TO EXTENDABLE BOOM AT ATM CENTER WORK STATION." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY - ATM FILM RETRIEVAL - OVERALL VIEW OF EXTENDABLE BOOM EXTENDING FROM FAS TO ATM." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY, ASTRONAUT SCHWEICKART AT FAS WORK STATION EXTENDING BOOM WITH FILM MAGAZINE TO ATM." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY, SKYLAB-3 BACKUP CREW EVA TRAINING - EV-2 RETURNS TO AIRLOCK FROM ATM SUN END." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY, ASTRONAUT MUSGRAVE AT ATM SUN-END RECIEVING FILM MAGAZINE FROM FAS ON EXTENDABLE BOOM." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY ATM FILM RETRIEVAL - DIVER MANUALLY EXTENDING BOOM - VIEW NO. 1." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "CLOTHESLINE PACKET ASSEMBLIES FOR NEURAL BUOYANCY UNIT." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY - SKYLAB -3 PRIME CREW EVA TRAINING - RV-1 DEPLOYING CLOTHESLINE FROM STORRAGE BOX -16MM DAC CAMERA KNOCKED OUT OF LINE BY HIS HEAD" �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY - SKYLAB -3 BACKUP CREW EVA TRAINING 3-082 PACKAGE RETRIEVAL SHOWING 16MM DAC CAMERA KNOCKED OUT OF POSITION BY RV-1'S HEAD AND �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY AIRLOCK HATCH AND CENTER WORKSTATION CLOTHESLINE INTERFERENCE VIEW -5." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY EVALUATION OF CLOTHESLINE CLIPS IN FAS AREA. VIEW -2." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY EVALUATION OF CLOTHESLINE CLIPS IN FAS AREA. VIEW -1." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY CENTER WORKSTATION SHOWING CLOTHESLINE ATTACHING TO DEPLOYMENT ARM AND ATTACHING TO SO-56." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY OVERALL VIEW OF SUN-END CLOTHESLINE DEPLOYED SHOWING SAG IN LINE, VIEW -1." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY, SKYLAB EVA TRAINING ASTRONAUT KERWIN (EV2) TRANSLATING TO ATM SUN-END WORKSTATION FROM SUN-END TRANSFER STATION." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY, SUBJECT ATTACHES CLOTHESLINE TO ATM SUN-END TRANSFER STATION." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY - SKYLAB-3 PRIME GREW EVA TRAINING - EV-2 PLACES S-082 PACKAGE IN RACK AT ATM SUN END." �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "T-49" �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86849" �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "Airlock zones 6&14 clothesline assembly. MDAC Input for June." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "Airlock zones 6&14 clothesline assembly. MDAC A Input for June." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "Airlock zones 6/14 clothesline assembly. MDAC Input for June." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "Airlock zones 6/14 clothesline assembly hook. MDAC Input for June." � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_skyl_001116_001169 Title A name given to the resource Skylab Testing and Equipment. Description An account of the resource The images depict the Skylab neutral buoyancy tests. The images depict the Skylab equipment tests. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Conrad, Charles, Jr. Gibson, Edward G. Kerwin, Joseph P. Musgrave, Story Schweickart, Russell L. McDonnell Douglas Corporation Skylab Program Spacecraft electronic equipment Onboard equipment Experimentation Neutral buoyancy simulation Film Vault Type The nature or genre of the resource Photographs Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Photos Box 3, Folder 3 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_skyl_spc_skyl_000005_001188 Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14291/spc_skyl_001170_001188.pdf 252f047b114274bee7a13c328103d95a PDF Text Text There is a still caption on the back which reads: "Airlock Zone 13 handrails D2 and D7 end EVA lift on lower DA -Y and +Z Quadrant, MDAC Input for month of June." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY - GIBSON TRANSLATES FROM ATM TO AIRLOCK, VIEW NO. 4. SHOWS MUSGRAVE AT FAS." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY - GIBSON TRANSLATING FROM ATM TO AIRLOCK - VIEW NO. 2." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY ASTRONAUT GIBSON ENGAGING IN EXPERIMENT DO-24 VIEW-2." �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86524" �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY ASTRONAUT MUSGRAVE AT ATM CENTER WORK STATION RECIVING H-ALPHA ONE FILM MAGAZINE FROM FAS ON EXTENDABLE BOOM." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY - MUSGRAVE AT ATM CENTER WORK STATION - VIEW NO. 7." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY - SKYLAB - PRIME CREW EVA TRAINING - EV-2 PLACING UNUSED S-056 MAGAZINE INTO PLACE AT ATM CENTER WORK STATION." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY ASTRONAUT MUSGRAVE AT ATM CENTER WORK STATION VIEW NO. 1." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "ATM FLIGHT MODEL QUALITY CHECKOUT, VIEW-2." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "ATM C2F2 - CENTER WORK STATION S-052 DOOR CLOSED" �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "T50" �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "T51" �There is black ink writing on the back which reads: "D4C-86458" �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "ATM C2F2 TEST SEQUENCE." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "FIB HOOK ATTACHED TO S052 CAMERA HANDLE" �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "ATM C2F2 - SUN END CANISTER" �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY - SKYLAB - 3 BACKUP CREW EVA TRAINING - EV-2 PLACES USED S-082 CONTAINER IN TEMPORARY STORAGE BOX AT ATM SUN END." �There is a still caption on the back which reads: "NEUTRAL BUOYANCY SKYLAB EVA TRAINING, ASTRONAUT KERWIN (EV2) WITH FEET SECURED IN FOOT RESTRAINTS AT ATM SUN-END TRANSFER STATION." � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_skyl_001170_001188 Title A name given to the resource Skylab Neutral Buoyancy Testing. Description An account of the resource The images depict the Skylab neutral buoyancy tests. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Gibson, Edward G. Kerwin, Joseph P. Musgrave, Story McDonnell Douglas Corporation Skylab Program Spacecraft electronic equipment Onboard equipment Experimentation Neutral buoyancy simulation Film Vault Type The nature or genre of the resource Photographs Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Photos Box 3, Folder 4 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_skyl_spc_skyl_000005_001188 Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14374/sdsp_skyl_000029-000031.pdf 753c03061d39b3aafbe67eccc35f9cda PDF Text Text ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000029-000031 Title A name given to the resource Skylab Reuse Diagrams. Description An account of the resource These diagrams depict potential options for reuse of the Skylab habitat for the Space Shuttle program. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Skylab Program Space habitats Apollo Telescope Mount Multiple docking adapters Spacelab Type The nature or genre of the resource Diagrams Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 16, Folder 4 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14375/sdsp_skyl_000032-000034.pdf 8f517d913bde939871c45309f649758d PDF Text Text ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000032-000034 Title A name given to the resource NASA Announcement of Plans to Launch First Orbital Workshop. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-07-22 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1965-1970 Subject The topic of the resource George C. Marshall Space Flight Center. Public Affairs Office Skylab Program Apollo applications program Spent Stage Workshop Space habitats John F. Kennedy Space Center Apollo Telescope Mount Type The nature or genre of the resource Memorandums Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 16, Folder 4 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14391/sdsp_skyl_000056_Combined.Jpeg 878fac5314f4be1a548a53da48346982 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000056 Title A name given to the resource Skylab Blueprint "119702." Description An account of the resource This blueprint depicts the working space of the Skylab astronauts. It includes the layout of the workstations, and the locations of both provision containers, and experiment supply containers. It also depicts the location of the local mobility aids such as handrails and foot restraints. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Experimentation Space habitats Provisioning Onboard equipment Film Vault Skylab 1 Human factors in engineering design Type The nature or genre of the resource Reprographic Copies Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 22, Folder 34 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14392/sdsp_skyl_000057_001.pdf b5f1988bf87c8fd644d3172240dac4f3 PDF Text Text K; 51 50 V CD 49 L- REVISIONS O T*- • F IG £—£_2_ TE CO see eo H -J* +1 POSITION 111 130.067 R CREF) OUTSIDE OF OWS I.D. OF HABITATION AREA -O.D. OF FLOOR (REF) 1.125 CREF) WARM UP RADIANT HEATER POSITION IV Y VCS DUCT NO. 3 <3 METEOROID SHIELD (DEPLOYED POSITION) CONTROL CONSOLE MAIN TUNNEL POSITION II +Y LIGHT AS5Y INITIAL ENTRY AND GENERAL USE W* u> r>o r*. rs. CO *—4 •POWER i DISPLAY CONSOLE (0 X m m i•I N o s B I O: LIGHT ASSY, GENERAL USE (ZI PLACES) PROPOSED LIGHT LOCATION M o POSITION I ID - ID SECTION LOOKING FWD SCALE -vrr WASEO TO# NASA MCOOlVJVffli OOUCL49 's] CEILING « •1 ' • 0 S'A J / SC«UE 90i6Ll *o 18355 ^ CO «a IB 77075 l/lO i\*QTfO * � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000057 Title A name given to the resource Skylab Blueprint "119706." Description An account of the resource This blueprint depicts some of the life support systems of skylab, especially as related to temperature control. This blueprint also depicts storage, and food refrigeration, as well as food preparation spaces. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Space habitats Provisioning Onboard equipment Skylab 1 Human factors in engineering design Type The nature or genre of the resource Reprographic Copies Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 22, Folder 34 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14409/001.pdf 57c118af0b27289322b6f8f251bd3c0e PDF Text Text NASA Contractor Report 3942 Human Performance Issues Arising From Manned Space Station Missions William K. Douglas CONTRACT NAS2-11725 OCTOBER 1986 fVJASA ��SK (.58 NASA Contractor Report 3942 Human Performance Issues Arising From Manned Space Station Missions William K. Douglas McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company Huntington Beach, California Prepared for Ames Research Center under Contract NAS2-11723 fUASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Branch 1986 ��CONTENTS SUMMARY INTRODUCTION METHOD MECHANICS SAFEGUARDING CONFIDENTIALITY GENERAL FINDINGS ANSWERS TO PREPARED QUESTIONS SPONTANEOUS COMMENTS APPENDIX A APPENDIX B ��SUMMARY Ten former NASA astronauts were Interviewed t o provide Information f o r use In planning f u t u r e space f l i g h t missions. Although no s t a t i s t i c a l analysis of t h e material was performed, t h e responses do provide Insight Into numerous aspects of space f l i g h t . Including psychological aspects, t r a i n i n g , command s t r u c t u r e , health and comfort, physical aspects, and many o t h e r s . The responses by t h e Astronauts t o t h e questions a r e presented together with coRTients by t h e researcher, himself a physician with long experience with the space program. Additionally, spontaneous matters t h a t came up 1n t h e questioning periods a r e reported upon together with t h e r e s e a r c h e r ' s comments on t h e s e a s w e l l . The r e s u l t s , which maintain the s t r i c t c o n f i d e n t i a l i t y of the Individual respondents, contribute t o t h e basic Information required by those planning f u t u r e missions In space. INTRODUCTION This I s a report of information obtained during t h e course of separate Interviews with ten former NASA astronauts t h a t took place during t h e f i r s t half of 1984. The purpose of t h e Interviews was t o e l i c i t Information t h a t had not been previously reported and t h a t might open leads f o r f r u i t f u l research endeavors applicable t o the United S t a t e s Space Station program. There a r e many reasons why t h i s Information might not have been reported. I t might have been forgotten during the Astronaut's p o s t - f l i g h t debriefing, o r he might not have f e l t t h a t i t was Important a t t h a t time. There may have been personal reasons why he did not care t o mention some Items. Some material may have developed in h i s mind as a r e s u l t of r e f l e c t i o n s since h i s f l i g h t and of h i s observations of f l i g h t a c t i v i t y t h a t have occurred since h i s own mission. Every e f f o r t has been made t o safeguard t h e c o n f i d e n t i a l i t y of t h e inquiry, a s described in t h e section on c o n f i d e n t i a l i t y . 1 �METHOD A 11st of fifty-one questions (Appendix A) was formulated by the Investigator. Published documents, discussions with NASA personnel, and the Investigator's own personal knowledge of space f l i g h t human factors entered Into the formulation of the questions. Some changes were made In the l i s t of questions as Insights were gained during the course of the Interviews. The original thought was that each subject would be asked each question on the l i s t , but I t soon became apparent that t h i s approach would not be the best way t o proceed. Some of the questions clearly referred t o specific programs. Project ApoUo for example, and would be of l i t t l e use in Interviewing a person whose experience was restricted t o an e a r l i e r program. Further, I t was seen that s t r i c t adherence t o the l i s t of questions would result In s t i l t e d , stereotyped replies - the questions became boring rather than stimulating. After the f i r s t two o r three Interviews, I t was decided t o use the questions only t o stimulate discussion. Although some questions were given t o a l l ten contacts, some were only given t o one or two. with each question being presented t o an average of 6.2 contacts. This I s somewhat misleading because In certain Instances questions would stimulate answers t o l a t e r questions, and the responses were combined. (See Question 4) Ames Research Center provided the Investigator with a l e t t e r of Introduction (Appendix B), which described the program and I t s goals, and which reviewed the background of the Investigator. The l e t t e r gave absolute assurance that the Information given would be safeguarded In such a manner that no statement could be attributed e i t h e r t o an Individual o r t o his specific f l i g h t . The contacts were each paid a consultant's fee of $50.00 per hour. I t was originally Intended for Mr. Donald K. Slayton t o be present a t each Interview so as t o take advantage of his background, training, and knowledge of manned space f l i g h t operations. I t proved nearly Impossible t o coordinate the schedules of the Investigator, of Mr. Slayton, and of the contacts. 2 �without delaying the progress of the project to an unacceptable degree; Hr. Slayton, therefore, was present during only two of the interviews. The first interviews were with people known personally to the investigator or to Hr. Slayton (or both). These individuals made suggestions for subsequent interviews. MECHANICS The contacts were first called by telephone and the purpose of the study was explained to them. If they consented to being interviewed (and some declined because of their busy schedules), an appointment was made, and a copy of the letter of introduction was mailed to them in sufficient time to allow them to review it before the interview. Because of the preconceived opinion of the investigator that the presence of a tape recorder would be inhibitory to the free flow of information, the original plan specifically excluded the taping of the interviews. When the first individual was contacted, and when it was explained to him that a tape recorder would not be used, he said he felt the taking of handwritten notes would be distracting to him. interview. He then asked that a recorder be used in his When subsequent contacts were made, each person was given his option of using a tape recorder or not. reluctance to being taped. None expressed even the slightest One even asked for a copy of the tape for his children. In all cases the investigator traveled to the community where the contact lived. The interviews took place in the contact's office on three occasions, in his home on three occasions, and in the investigator's hotel room on four occasions. The environment was very informal. used only to stimulate discussion. question was selected and asked. As stated earlier, the questions were When the conversation lagged, another This usually resulted in a great deal more spontaneous conversation. 3 �SAFEGUARDING CONFIDENTIALITY Each contact was assured at the time of the initial telephone conversation that anything he said would not be traceable to him or to his flight. The letter of Introduction contained these same assurances, and they were repeated in the investigator's letter that forwarded the NASA letter of Introduction. Finally, the subject was given the same assurances orally at the time of the Interview. It was apparent that most of them appreciated the assurances of confidentiality and were probably more open In their discussions as a result of those assurances. After each Interview the tapes (12 In all) were brought back to the Investigator's residence, where they have remained stored In a safe location. They are identified only with a numerical code number. does not appear on the cassette label. material verbatim In most Instances. The contact's name The Investigator transcribed the Paraphrasing was rarely used and then only when It became necessary to clarify syntax that was peculiar to the oral Interview situation. There are a few portions of the tape that have not been transcribed because they referred to the personal social relationships of the contact and the Investigator. The Investigator transcribed a11 the recorded material on an Apple He personal computer In his home, using the Apple Writer II word processing program. No secretarial assistance was used In either transcribing the taped material or In the preparation of this report. tapes of these Interviews. No other person has heard the To facilitate preparation of this report, the transcribed Interviews were printed on 104 single-spaced sheets. than the Investigator has seen these typed pages. No one other When not In use. they are kept In a combination-locked safe In the Investigator's office. Each transcription Is saved on a magnetic disc, and duplicate discs have been made and stored separately. 4 �GENERAL FINDINGS The subjects were, without exception, extremely cooperative. towards the investigator or the project was expressed. No animosity The investigator could detect no evidence of conscious withholding of information. A broad range of experienced people were interviewed, including persons who had flown on all NASA programs, with the exception of the Space Shuttle. Interviews were conducted with crew members from Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and Stcylab. The Apollo contacts included men who had participated in the Earth-orbiting phase of the project, and in the lunar landing phase. One of these latter contacts landed on the moon and another was a Command Module Pilot who remained in lunar orbit alone during a lunar landing mission. No meaningful statistical evaluation can be made for several reasons: 1. The list of questions was not rigidly adhered to. All subjects were not asked all questions. 2. Answers to questions were subjective in nature. 3. Many spontaneous questions generated by the subject's comments evolved on the spot. interviews. Some of these were not really applicable to subsequent On the other hand, some of these spontaneously generated questions were asked at subsequent interviews, but no effort was made to contact earlier subjects to ask them to answer the newly generated questions. 4. Only ten people were interviewed. In this report the questions will be stated, and in cases where the question was presented to several individuals, an evaluation of the replies will be attempted. Spontaneous statements of importance and answers to spontaneously generated questions are included at the end of the answers to the list of fifty-one questions. NOTE: After the answers to each question, there is a section labeled "COMMENTS'. This section contains the investigator's own subjective remarks 5 �and evaluation of the statements made by the contacts. A COMMENTS section w111 be found after each spontaneous comnent as well as after the answers to the prepared questions. ANSWERS TO PREPARED QUESTIONS 1. Opinion of the Crew Health Stabilization Program. Surprisingly, only 2 of 9 who were asked this question were opposed to the program. All stated either spontaneously (5) or upon questioning (2) that they thought It was helpful In keeping the crews Insulated from annoying contacts. •1 thought 1t was kind of fun. It kept the world away from us." •It allows the crews to concentrate on what It Is they have to think about. flight. They are not being pulled In a number of directions just before the It allows them to focus on the task and the training ahead." CoiMents; Inasmuch as the Crew Health Stabilization Program is no longer practiced with as much rigidity as It was In the early Apollo flights, 1t might be wise to develop some policy for providing a similar degree of privacy and seclusion for future missions. 2. Thoughts on Space Station maintenance activities. NOTE: Because of the similarity of responses to this question and Question 4 regarding tools, the responses to both questions have been cond>1ned here. This question was presented to all the contacts. Two had no comments on the subject. One man said that multipurpose tools were Important. Inclusion of files, wrenches, and other common tools. Swiss Army knife was especially valuable. tape with the adhesive on both sides. He urged the He stated that his He also suggested providing sticky This would be useful In restraining small parts to the workbench surface when making repairs. 6 �One man commented that the Apo11o tool kit was very good. Another urged that maintenance should be kept simple - at the 'black box' level. One respondent thought that neutral buoyancy training was good practice for maintenance, but another stated that it was misleading at best. He urged that any procedures developed in a neutral buoyancy tank be checked out in the zero-g aircraft before being adopted for use in space flight. Only one person mentioned the importance of foot restraints. One recommendation was to project maintenance instructions, and even diagrams, on the inside of the helmet visor in the manner of a Head-Up Display (HUD). A quotation from one of the contacts might prove interesting: •You design things for routine maintenance done there by people with tools in order to keep the system simple, and with simplicity you gain reliability. You get the reliability through that route rather than through redundancy and automation." Comments: The most significant response to this question is contained in the' last quotation. The recent remarkable successes in satellite recovery operations add emphasis to the quotation. Future satellites and future Space Station equipment should be developed with the plan in mind that crew members are capable of performing routine bench-level maintenance. 3. Alarm Systems. This question was presented to seven contacts. Two of them mentioned that they noticed a decrease in the loudness of sounds somewhat proportional to the reduction of pressure in the helmet. experience. Another denied that he had had that Other comnents included the reconmendation that the volume of the alarm be proportional to the severity of the situation; that for critical 7 �energencles t h e r e should be simultaneous visual and a u d i b l e alarms; and t h a t audible alarms should be a "warble t o n e ' a s i s used by some European police cars. Two individuals mentioned t h e g r e a t importance of e l i m i n a t i n g f a l s e alarms. One suggested t h a t a study of t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of f a l s e alarms might reveal a "signature" f o r f a l s e alarms. This s i g n a t u r e could be Incorporated i n t o a computer, and alarms could be evaluated a g a i n s t t h e s e signatures before being sounded. Comments: The suggestion t o i n v e s t i g a t e t h e " s i g n a t u r e s ' of f a l s e alarms might be worthy of f u r t h e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n . 4. Tools f o r o n - o r b i t r e p a i r and maintenance. Inasmuch a s t h i s was covered adequately in Question 2 , r e l a t i n g t o maintenance a c t i v i t i e s , t h e answers t o t h i s question have been combined with those obtained i n response t o Question 2 . Comments; 5. None. Food and meals. Of t h e ten persons Interviewed, one had no cormnent; t h r e e suggested t h a t meals be s elected from a menu i n - f l i g h t ; and f i v e advised t h a t a l l individuals e a t t h e same thing a t each meal with no s e l e c t i o n . Hention was made by these individuals t h a t t h e m i l i t a r y chow l i n e had much t o reconmend i t . One of the f i v e suggested t h a t snack Items be provided f o r f r e e s e l e c t i o n from a pantry, but he s t i l l did not recommend t h a t t h e r e be Item s e l e c t i o n f o r t h e main meals. One person said he f e l t a menu determined ahead of time by crew interviews was of l i t t l e value because people lose some of t h e i r a b i l i t y t o t a s t e when in zero-g. He a t t r i b u t e d t h i s t o loss of convection c u r r e n t s carrying aromatics i n t o t h e nose. He s a i d t h i s could be helped by providing strong condiments - pepper i n o i l s o l u t i o n , hot mustard, and s o f o r t h . 6 �One contact suggested the Investigation of foil-packaged foods that are marketed under the brand name of RETORT FOODS. These are not freeze dried, and may be eaten hot or cold. One contact urged that more attention be paid to the nutritional aspects of the diet. He distinguished between those aspects of food preparation that are conventionally performed by a dietician and those performed by a nutritionist. He suggested NASA pay more attention to the latter aspects of menu and diet selection. Comments; Those who advocated the military chow-line approach have probably not seen today's chow line. In present-day military dining halls, there is a remarkably broad selection of items available. One of the contacts suggested that each crew member be asked about his dislikes rather than his likes. disliked foods would not be provided in his menu. The This seems like a reasonable approach. 6. Trash disposal. This question did not stimulate much discussion in the early interviews so was eliminated later on. Two subjects suggested that trash be pyrolized - convert trash to energy. Two others who were asked had no comment. Five were not asked. Comments; 7. None. Clothing design. The overwhelming opinion was for a two-piece garment with lots of pockets (seven out of nine, with two "No Comments"). The advantage of being able to shed the upper garment for comfort in warm areas was comnented on twice. All agreed that many pockets were a necessity, but pocket closure should be with Velcro rather than with buttons, which could catch on things. Two unusual comments included the suggestion that a "dress" uniform be provided for special occasions- this for morale purposes. colors and styles was important for morale. 9 Another was that a variety of One individual stated the need �for strict dress-code enforcenient as an aid to maintaining discipline. One subject stated he had had some experience with polypropylene outdoor clothing and thought it might be worthwhile investigating. He said it was quite comfortable, but brought up the question of its fire resistance. One suggested a different garment for wear during exercise periods. One man suggested that two-piece uniforms have some means of fastening the shirt/jacket to the waist of the trousers to prevent uncomfortable gapping at that point. He suggested Velcro. There was a need expressed for a place to carry an emergency checklist at all times. Free choice of underwear was suggested. One man suggested that slippers be provided for off-duty wear. Coweents: As might be expected, there was a wide range of suggestions regarding clothing. When some of the more extreme suggestions are eliminated one reaches the conclusion that the basic in-flight uniform should be a two-piece garment with many pockets. The suggestion for the provision of a place to keep an emergency checklist available at all times is a good one. B. Personal hygiene equipment. Three contacts had no comments, and three were not asked. The remainder had comments that did not fit any pattern: One wanted to use an electric toothbrush and an electric razor. Another preferred manual toothbrushes and a blade razor. One man said that all on board should use whatever turned out to be 'issue' equipment. He also mentioned that he would insist on daily shaving as he felt it to be good for mental discipline. mental set. 10 He felt it establishes a good �Although not r e a l l y classed a s personal hygiene equipment, one man commented t h a t showers were important but he f e l t a sponge bath might do a s well. Comments; One might question t h e a d v i s a b i l i t y of providing e l e c t r i c razors, what with t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of producing "whisker dust" In t h e v i c i n i t y of t h e face of t h e u s e r . Since e l e c t r i c razors seem t o be more p r a c t i c a l i n the Space S t a t i o n environment, i t might be worthwhile t o conduct s t u d i e s on t h e Shuttle t o determine whether o r not whisker dust r e a l l y i s formed in the v i c i n i t y of t h e external nares in a zero-g environment. One might a l s o perform animal s t u d i e s t o determine whether o r not dust produced from t h a t animal's own guard h a i r s produced any lung pathology when inhaled on a d a i l y basis f o r extended periods of time. 9. Aids t o t r a n s f e r of massive o b j e c t s . The question was asked of only four people, and two of them had no comments. One person s a i d , "Put a loop of rope around i t and snub i t down." Another suggested t h e use of a "Brooklyn c l o t h e s l i n e " . loop of rope strung between two p u l l e y s . l i n e with c l i p s . This i s a continuous Objects could be attached t o the On t h e other hand, another contact mentioned, in response t o a d i f f e r e n t question, t h a t he had t r i e d such a device in t h e Weightless Environment Training F a c i l i t y (WETF) and found i t worked very well, but when he t r i e d i t in t h e zero-g a i r c r a f t i t became tangled t o such an extent as t o prove u s e l e s s . Comments: 10. None. I d e n t i f i c a t i o n of "Up" and "Down". Because of t h e s pecial i n t e r e s t of t h i s question, a g r e a t deal of time was spent on i t . Of t h e t e n subjects questioned, nine were very d e f i n i t e in s t a t i n g t h a t t h e r e was no need t o t a k e any p a r t i c u l a r pains t o i d e n t i f y up and down. Several commented t h a t down was always where t h e i r f e e t were. There appeared t o be no d i f f e r e n c e between t h e answers from individuals who had flown in confined spacecraft and answers from those who had flown in spacious 11 �vehicles. One Individual said he himself was not bothered by the lack of up and down, but stated he f e l t I t would be wise t o ensure t h a t everything In a given volume have the same orientation. One contact related that one of his colleagues had spent "hours and hours' In the simulator, then went Into f l i g h t and became 111 even before he had gotten out of the s eat . The point of t h i s observation I s t h a t t h i s person had excellent up and down references but became 111 anyway. In response t o a direct question, one man said t h a t even seeing his colleagues In an orientation different from his own did not disturb him. Two men conmented that the use of a simulator may drive the configuration of the Space Station, a t least In areas where simulator training 1s extensive. The simulator will have t o be constructed with an up and down orientation because I t I s used In a one-g f i e l d . The Space Station area must match the simulator for training If I t I s t o serve any purpose. The following quotations are presented: (1) 'Before I came Into the space program I tended t o have a great amount of familiarity with mathematical techniques of rotation and translation of axes systems...! tended t o look a t something and j u s t figure t h a t I had a rotated coordinate system. (In space) I ' d look out a t the Earth, and I ' d recognize the Earth had I t s own set of Earth-centered coordinates. The spacecraft had I t s space-centered coordinates. Whenever I saw the two In the same field of view 1 just automatically thought of the spacecraft as being oriented t o the Earth, but more Importantly, I had my own body-centered coordinates, and the Input, If somebody allows them t o , can be of those things. . . . I f you operate 1n egocentric coordinates "down" will be towards your f e e t . I t makes no difference whether you're going over the Earth upside down o r diving under I t , or any of those things, If you really look a t I t as your world Is where you are, and everything else I s oriented around you." (2) One contact said he thought I t fun t o look a t the world upside down. "Trying t o force a one-gravity mode of operation Into zero-gravity I s a mistake. I t defeats a l l of the freedom which you a r e given." 12 �(3) When he would go from one compartment t o another, one person s a i d , •There would be moments of d i s o r i e n t a t i o n and you would kind of f l i p your body around and you'd pick t h e work s t a t i o n you were going t o work a t , and then a s soon as you got your body flipped around t o where you were within about 45 degrees of t h a t work s t a t i o n ' s local v e r t i c a l then everything clicked in and you were comfortable." (4) " I think t h a t maybe i f you s t a r t i d e n t i f y i n g up and down you may be reminding people of t h i n g s they should be f o r g e t t i n g . " " I think we adapt e a s i l y t o most any environment, but I j u s t d o n ' t think there i s a g r e a t deal t o be gained by t r y i n g t o force people t o think as they do here on Earth when they a r e , i n f a c t , in space." Comments: If t h e opinions of t h i s small sample of people a r e f e l t t o be s i g n i f i c a n t one must conclude t h a t special e f f o r t s t o i d e n t i f y "up" and "down" in Space Station will not pay l a r g e dividends. The comment t o maintain a constant local v e r t i c a l i n each module seems worthwhile following, i f i t i s a r c h i t e c t u r a l l y f e a s i b l e and charges no penalty from a design standpoint. On t h e other hand, none of t h e ten subjects interviewed admitted t o having experienced any degree of nausea. If none of t h e ten contacts became i l l , and i f approximately 40X of S h u t t l e crew members become i l l , we a r e drawn t o four possibilities: (1) The sample i s s o small t h a t chance alone resulted in my interviewing only those individuals who did not become i l l . (2) There really i s some difference between those interviewed and Shuttle crew members. (3) flight. The persons interviewed did not admit t h a t they become i l l i n From t h e obvious s i n c e r i t y and d i r e c t n e s s of t h e s e ten contacts, I am convinced t h a t none of them became i l l . This, I must admit, i s a very subjective assessment, but i t i s my conviction t h a t they were a l l t r u t h f u l and f o r t h r i g h t in t h e i r answers t o my questions. This opinion i s substantiated by t h e f a c t t h a t one individual did admit t h a t he would have become i l l had he not paced h i s o n - o r b i t a c t i v i t y f o r t h e f i r s t t h r e e o r four days. This person's conments a r e found in t h e SPONTANEOUS COMHENTS s e c t i o n , which follows. 13 �(4) The flight environment of these ten contacts was different from the Shuttle environment. I suspect that the reason for the observed difference 1n distribution of nausea In this group Is a combination of (1) and (4). 11. Use of vented gases for attitude control. This was only asked of four contacts. One remarked that vented gases had been used as an expediency to control tumbling In Gemini V. Another had no coment regarding the use of gases for attitude control, but he did suggest that they be used to run turbines for power. One said he did not think It such a good Idea - use control moment gyros Instead. Comments: 12. None. Importance of private cwnnunlcatlons. This question was asked of all ten Individuals. Responses varied from, 'Hot all that Important' to 'Absolutelyl' Host of the respondents thought a private line was Important for personal connunlcatlon with families, but of equal Importance was Its use In operational control of the flight. One subject gave an example of a situation In which Instructions had to be paraphrased to keep them from being heard by the press. The paraphrased Instruction was misinterpreted to be a Joke and was not followed. The example cannot be further Identified or described here as it would reveal the source, but suffice It to say that the well-being of a crew member was Jeopardized by this misunderstanding. One contact said, 'The Administrator [NASA] doesn't have a microphone In his office with the world listening Into everything he says. astronauts have the same privilege?' 14 Why can't �Another s a i d , 'They ( t h e press) have no more r i g h t in your bedroom on o r b i t than they have in your bedroom on Earth. They a r e not allowed t o go t o your doctor and find out how you a r e and what you a r e doing (on Earth so they d o n ' t have t h a t r i g h t i n s p a c e ) . Coffinents: I d o n ' t c a r e who's paying t h e b i l l . " The respondents' r e p l i e s t o t h i s question were based more on t h e i r feelings of p r i v i l e g e r a t h e r than on t h e a c t u a l need f o r and u t i l i t y of a private communications l i n k . They admitted t h e importance of the r i g h t t o speak p r i v a t e l y t o t h e i r f a m i l i e s , but they did not seem too concerned with the beneficial e f f e c t such communications would have on mission accomplishment. The comment regarding the u t i l i t y of a p r i v a t e link t o discuss purely operational matters was s i g n i f i c a n t . I would l i k e t o point out t h a t during s t r e s s f u l t r a i n i n g exercises during the Mercury program I had many opportunities t o use t h e private l i n e and found i t t o be of g r e a t b e n e f i t in assessing the s t a t u s of t h e t r a i n e e . The t r a i n e e s more than once made statements a s t o t h e i r physical s t a t u s t o me on t h e p r i v a t e l i n e t h a t they would not make on t h e open loop. As an individual, and not a s t h e i n v e s t i g a t o r i n t h i s study. I would strongly recommend t h a t an absolutely p r i v a t e communications l i n k be provided. The "Earth end" of t h e link would be under t h e control of t h e crew member. That i s , t h e crew member would decide who he would t a l k p r i v a t e l y t o , h i s family, t h e f l i g h t c o n t r o l l e r , t h e physician, o r anyone e l s e . One of t h e contacts in t h i s investigation even mentioned t h a t a person spending many weeks o r months in a Space S t a t i o n might wish t o speak p r i v a t e l y t o h i s broker! 13. Use of portable f a n s . Five contacts were asked t h i s question, and none of t h e f i v e ventured an opinion. Comments: 14. The question was not presented t o t h e o t h e r f i v e . None. Opinions regarding t r a n s l a t i o n a l a i d s , control/switch p r o t e c t i v e devices, o r i e n t a t i o n cues, and p r o t e c t i v e gear f o r personal wear. 15 �Five of t h e ten contacts were not asked any p a r t of t h i s q u e s t i o n . Of the f i v e remaining, only p a r t s were asked, o r only p a r t s were answered. Four subjects expressed s a t i s f a c t i o n with t h e coninon "wicket-type" switch guards. One person s a i d he could not v i s u a l i z e r o l l r a t e s of such a magnitude as t o require personal p r o t e c t i v e equipment such a s headgear. He a l s o said rounded corners and o t h e r methods should be used t o p r o t e c t a person moving about in t h e cabin. be required. Comments; 15. One o t h e r person s a i d he did not b e l i e v e headgear would None. Opinions regarding t h e a i r l o c k on Skylab. This question was presented t o only t h r e e people, and only one of them had an opinion. He s t a t e d , "There should always be a s a f e haven one can g e t t o . The racetrack design I s good. To have a s a f e haven in each module I s too c o s t l y , I t takes up t o o much room." Cocmaents: 16. None. Ideas regarding crew q u a r t e r s . This was addressed by nine out of t h e ten Interviewed. f e e l t h a t p r i v a t e crew q u a r t e r s were necessary. very Spartan conditions. Only two did not One of t h e s e two advocated He commented t h a t we c a n ' t a f f o r d t o build a Space S t a t i o n t o accormodate anybody and everybody. We must s e l e c t crews t h a t can t o l e r a t e Spartan l i v i n g conditions f o r ninety days. they can hang up anywhere." "Olve them a sleeping bag The o t h e r one of t h e s e two s a i d he compared a ninety-day Space S t a t i o n t o u r with an overseas m i l i t a r y t o u r o r a camping trip. He s a i d , " I d o n ' t t h i n k you need t o have a p r i v a t e room and a l l t h a t as long a s you have a place t o s l e e p . " 16 �One of t h e remaining seven who commented s a i d he saw two c o n f l i c t i n g requirements, one was t h e need f o r q u i e t and privacy, and t h e o t h e r was t h e need t o be near t h e work s t a t i o n t o respond t o emergencies. He suggested t h a t NASA explore t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of providing a "sea cabin" f o r one o r more crew members. He a l s o f e l t t h a t any alarms sounded In t h e crew q u a r t e r s should be p r i o r i t i z e d - perhaps only a " B a t t l e S t a t i o n s ! " type of alarm. One contact with Skylab experience said he thought t h e crew quarters should be a t l e a s t twice t h e s i z e of t h e Skylab q u a r t e r s . He a l s o advised t h a t they not be located near t h e exercise area t o diminish t h e noise l e v e l s . One person commented t h a t t h e Apollo s l e e p r e s t r a i n t s were adequate, and one commented t h a t t h e Skylab s l e e p r e s t r a i n t s were good. With t h e exception of t h e two "Spartans", everyone believed p r i v a t e , individual, comfortable q u a r t e r s should be provided. Comments: There seems t o be no question but t h a t p r i v a t e crew quarters should be provided. These should be a s large a s I s practicably possible. It Is evident t h a t t h e e a r l y Space S t a t i o n w i l l not be large enough t o provide commodious q u a r t e r s , but I t seems t h a t , given t h e a l t e r n a t i v e s , privacy I s more t o be desired than volume. 17. Medical t r a i n i n g f o r crew members. This question was presented t o e i g h t of t h e ten c o n t a c t s . The most common response was t h a t e i t h e r a f l i g h t surgeon be on each crew, o r t h a t two of t h e crew members should be t r a i n e d t o t h e level of paramedics. One respondent said he believed a l l crew members should have extensive t r a i n i n g 1n physiology so t h a t they would b e t t e r understand medical o r physiological problems t h a t arose In themselves o r In o t h e r s . He a l s o f e l t t h e r e should be a f l i g h t surgeon on board f o r long-term exposures. Another f e l t t h a t every crew member should have t h e equivalent of paramedic t r a i n i n g , and t h a t a physician was not necessary unless he was dual t r a i n e d - a s a payload s p e c i a l i s t f o r example. One o t h e r contact suggested t h a t i f a physician were assigned he should be 17 �dual t r a i n e d . Another contact reconnended t h a t NASA. 1n t h e i r s e l e c t i o n program f o r mission s p e c i a l i s t s . Include s u f f i c i e n t physicians a s t o provide one f o r each Space S t a t i o n crew. Comments: C l e a r l y , a minimum of two people on each crew must have some competency 1n providing medical c a r e . other can take care of him. If one of t h e s e two becomes 111, the A good compromise would be f o r one of t h e crew members t o be a dual-trained ( a s a payload s p e c i a l i s t ) physician and t h e other a s a dual-trained person with medical t r a i n i n g e q u i v a l e n t t o t h a t of a paramedic. 18. Need f o r group dynamics t r a i n i n g . Group dynamics t r a i n i n g was b r i e f l y described a s a psychological technique which helps people t o work together and t o give each o t h e r mutual support and tolerance. This question was presented t o nine c o n t a c t s . Only two f e l t no t r a i n i n g was required, and one f e l t I t should be given only If a problem a r o s e . stated he had heard t h e Russians had had a problem. One One commented a s follows: *I think t h a t I t ' s going t o be Increasingly important t h a t they have a t l e a s t some amount of t h i s [group dynamics t r a i n i n g ] because you would l i k e t o have a preconditioned a t t i t u d e of how t h e y ' r e supposed t o work t o g e t h e r . You d o n ' t want t o have some highly motivated mission s c i e n t i s t back t h e r e [ I n the space lab o r an analogous p a r t of a Space S t a t i o n ] who d o e s n ' t understand where t h a t p r i o r i t y I n t e r f a c e s with t h e s e o t h e r p r i o r i t i e s . " Another commented t h a t he f e l t f u t u r e crews, who would not have a s much I n t e r a c t i v e t r a i n i n g a s those of today, should be required t o function In some s o r t of environment together before they launch. He suggested t h a t Survival School might be useful f o r t h a t purpose. One contact was e s p e c i a l l y concerned In regard t o t h i s m a t t e r . His coenents took up more than a page of single-spaced t y p e s c r i p t , and Included t h e following statements: 16 �' I think t h a t [ t h e lack of p s y c h i a t r i c o r psychological support] i s one of the shortcomings of NASA over t h e y e a r s , and I d o n ' t know i f they've solved t h a t problem yet today, and t h a t i s t h a t t h e r e i s no a c t i v e program having t o do with t h e behavioral sciences t h a t helps e i t h e r t h e astronauts in dealing with one another o r t h e a s t r o n a u t s and t h e i r families dealing with t h e situation." ' I think i t i s unfortunate t h a t astronauts have never been given any kind of opportunity f o r behavioral science understanding. There has been such a stigma associated with psychologic o r p s y c h i a t r i c therapy t h a t everyone stays away from i t l i k e i t i s some kind of poison." ' I though i t was j u s t r e a l l y too bad t h a t t h e r e was not some s o r t of a program in NASA t o help i n some s o r t of an upbeat way - t o give them access t o these people - give them some t r a i n i n g on techniques of dealing with t h e s e problems. The problems a r e t h e r e ! " Another c o n t a c t ' s comments f i l l e d t h r e e single-spaced t y p e s c r i p t pages, but were mostly personal experiences with h i s f r i e n d s , and cannot be reported here because of t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of revealing t h e source. He l e f t no doubt in t h i s i n t e r v i e w e r ' s mind t h a t he was strongly i n favor of professional psychological support f o r t h e crews and f o r t h e i r f a m i l i e s . Comments: 19. See comments t o Question 1 9 . Should f a m i l i e s have s i m i l a r psychological support? This question was posed t o e i g h t of t h e t e n c o n t a c t s . One had no comment, two said i t need not be provided, and one s a i d i t should be provided only on a voluntary b a s i s If t h e family member f e l t t h e need and asked f o r i t . The r e s t f e l t i t should be provided In some degree o r another. A commonly expressed suggestion was t o keep t h e f a m i l i e s very well informed about a l l a s p e c t s of t h e program, and t o g e t them involved with whatever i s going on. One man s a i d , "The more you involve t h e wives i n t o t h e 19 �operation, t h e more support you g e t from them. Keep them Informed and give them l i n e s of conmunlcatlon t o , f o r example. Mission Control Center." He also s a i d , ' I know when I was t h e r e [assigned t o NASA], t h e wives and t h e families were r e a l l y I s o l a t e d . They were r e a l l y pushed back In a c o r n e r . I s , t h a t kind of treatment was I n f e c t i o u s . The program t r e a t e d t h e wife t h a t way, and p r e t t y soon we s t a r t e d t r e a t i n g our wives t h e same way. really tragic." The problem " I know I t cost a l o t of guys t h e i r m a r r i a g e . " I t was He continued by saying. 'You c a n ' t t r e a t people l i k e numbers, and t h a t ' s what NASA d i d . t h e wives were unhappy, w e l l , t h a t ' s t o o bad! If 'Think of a l l t h i s Important work t h a t your husband I s doing and go home and s h u t u p ! ' I t d i d n ' t work." On the other hand, another contact s t a t e d , "The t h i n g s t h a t d o n ' t k i l l you make you s t r o n g e r . I , f r a n k l y , think t h e experience was a p o s i t i v e experience f o r my w i f e . " He was not one of those In favor of a formal program f o r t h e f a m i l i e s . Comments: Because Question 18 and Question 19 a r e s o c l o s e l y r e l a t e d , comments t o both of them w i l l be presented h e r e . For some reason t h e r e seemed t o be more enthusiasm expressed f o r providing some s o r t of psychological support f o r t h e crew members than f o r providing s i m i l a r support f o r t h e families. I had expected t h e reverse would prove t h e c a s e . I t would seem Important t o ensure t h a t f u t u r e Space S t a t i o n crews have t h e opportunity t o work very c l o s e l y together in s i t u a t i o n s t h a t w i l l r e q u i r e mutual support. Although I t might be d i f f i c u l t t o j u s t i f y giving survival t r a i n i n g t o Space Station crews, t h a t s o r t of s o c i a l I n t e r a c t i o n would probably pay large dividends when t h e crew occupy t h e Space S t a t i o n . I t might a l s o be of benefit f o r NASA t o Introduce a c e r t a i n amount of psychological t r a i n i n g I n t o t h e program. The contacts, f o r the most p a r t , were not concerned about providing psychological support f o r t h e f a m i l i e s . However, t h o s e who were In favor of such support were very p o s i t i v e In t h e i r s t a t e m e n t s . My personal f e e l i n g s in t h i s regard, and many of t h e s e f e e l i n g s have been generated by t h e very strong �and sincere statements expressed by two of t h e c o n t a c t s , a r e t h a t NASA has been remiss In not Including t h e f a m i l i e s a s p a r t of t h e program. I t seems that more d e t a i l e d b r i e f i n g s might be given t h e wives so t h a t they would have a better Idea of of what t h e i r husbands a r e doing. This action might not Improve the effectiveness of t h e husbands, but nevertheless should be provided if only f o r humanitarian reasons. The question of r e l i g i o u s b e l i e f s was never presented a s a formal question, but I t did come up spontaneously In t h e discussions with most of t h e contacts. From t h e i r expressions of belief and f a i t h 1 t I s my conclusion t h a t a resident chaplain a t JSC would be of g r e a t value t o t h e program. 20. Crew I n t e r a c t i v e t r a i n i n g In a one~g simulator. Because of t h e many very strong polarized f e e l i n g s brought out by t h e questions on group dynamics t r a i n i n g (Questions 19 and 20), I t was f e l t t h a t t h i s question should be eliminated. misinterpreted i t . I t was asked of only one contact and he His answer r e l a t e d t o command s t r u c t u r e of a Space Station crew, and will be included with t h e answers t o Question 45. Comments: 21. None. Problem of ambient nois e. Here I s another question t h a t was, f o r a l l I n t e n t s and purposes, eliminated. The contacts a c t u a l l y answered I t when speaking of t h e need f o r quiet In p r i v a t e q u a r t e r s . The question was posed t o t h r e e I n d i v i d u a l s . One Implied In h i s answer t h a t noise was not a big problem - one g e t s used t o I t . On t h e o t h e r hand, unanticipated noises o r motions of t h e s p a c e c r a f t a r e very d i s t r a c t i n g . The third said t h a t on h i s f l i g h t , crew member noise prevented sound sleeping In shifts. Comitents: None. 21 �22. Wardroom, e n t e r t a i n m e n t , e x t e r n a l v i e w i n g , and E a r t h p o s i t i o n . All t e n c o n t a c t s a g r e e d t h a t a wardroom was I m p o r t a n t . There was near-unanimous o p i n i o n t h a t p e r s o n a l l y s e l e c t e d books and music t a p e s were I m p o r t a n t t h i n g s t o t a k e a l o n g . Other suggestions Included the p r o v i s i o n of movies on VCR t a p e s , and one I n d i v i d u a l s u g g e s t e d t h a t books, movies, and o t h e r forms of a u d i o - v i s u a l e n t e r t a i n m e n t c o u l d be p u t on l a s e r video d i s c s . Hany I n d i v i d u a l s commented on t h e f a c t t h a t r e a l - t i m e coimerclal news progratming and e n t e r t a i n m e n t shows c o u l d be u p - l i n k e d w i t h l i t t l e difficulty. Only one person had no s t r o n g o p i n i o n on t h e need f o r windows, b u t even he s a i d t h e y were h i g h l y d e s i r a b l e , b u t n o t o f prime I m p o r t a n c e . One person s a i d , 'Nobody e v e r g e t s enough t i m e l o o k i n g o u t o f w i n d o w s . ' Another s a i d , 'They should make s u r e t h a t t h e r e a r e a s many windows a s p o s s i b l e . ' He suggested one be p u t n e a r t h e e x e r c i s e d e v i c e s o one c o u l d l o o k o u t w h i l e exercising. One man s a i d t h e windows a r e e x t r e m e l y 1nQ)ortant from a recreational as well an Inspirational standpoint. p o r t s and t i m e t o u s e t h e m . ' spacecraft the better. He s a i d , 'You need viewing One of t h e c o n t a c t s s a i d , ' T h e more windows In a One of t h e most e n j o y a b l e t h i n g s you have t o do up t h e r e 1 s t o look o u t t h e window. I n f a c t , even a b u b b l e window might be n i c e . * One of t h e more a r t i c u l a t e c o n t a c t s s a i d : ' I , f o r o n e , am t o t a l l y convinced t h a t t h e magic of s p a c e and t h e v a l u e of being t h e r e I n v o l v e s being a b l e t o s e e w h a t ' s o u t t h e r e . . . I t 1 s from t h e human s t a n d p o i n t t h a t I t h i n k you need l o t s of viewing p o r t s . Important. I d o n ' t c a r e I f 1 t does c o s t more money. I t h i n k t h a t ' s very The r e t u r n I n keeping p e o p l e ' s I n t e r e s t , and t h e m o t i v a t i o n and a l l t h a t s o r t o f t h i n g , t o d o more and more, and t o g o f u r t h e r , 1 s v e r y d r a m a t i c a l l y enhanced by b e i n g a b l e t o see.' Comments: The most c o n s i s t e n t answer t o a n y of t h e f i f t y - o n e q u e s t i o n s was t h e s t r o n g p o s i t i v e e x p r e s s i o n of a need f o r a wardroom w i t h some s o r t of entertainment equipment. Individual preferences. The s u g g e s t i o n s f o r t h i s equipment c l e a r l y followed Of equal unanimity was t h e e x p r e s s e d need f o r many 22 �and large windows. This has such g r e a t importance t h a t i t would appear important t o consider t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of providing bubble windows, a s was suggested by one of t h e c o n t a c t s . 23. Body waste c o l l e c t i o n and d i s p o s a l . Six contacts were asked t h i s question. Two had no ccHwnents, and two said they f e l t t h a t t h e Skylab system was adequate, although they did not l i k e t h e idea of bagging t h e f e c e s . One man said even t h e Apollo system was a l l r i g h t in s p i t e of t h e need t o bag t h e f e c e s . The t h i r d comment related only t o urine collection and t h a t person said he f e l t t h e ordinary a i r c r a f t , r e l i e f tube was adequate. Although he d id not say s o , i t was c l e a r t h a t he meant such a device would have t o be adapted t o t h e zero-g environment. Comments: 24. None. Personal c l e a n l i n e s s . Since t h i s question had a l s o been addressed in Question 8 , Personal Hygiene Equipment, i t was presented t o only f o u r of t h e c o n t a c t s . Two of them had no comment; one recommended t h e use of a spring-driven razor; and another, who uses a blade r a z o r , s a i d he f e l t frequent o r d a i l y shaving was good f o r crew d i s c i p l i n e . Conments: 25. This was t h e second contact t o make t h a t comment. This was considered in t h e comments t o Question 8 . Exercise. This question was asked of nine c o n t a c t s . important. All agreed t h a t exercise was One s a i d he f e l t e x e r c i s e and good food were t h e two most in^ortant things t o provide f o r long-duration space f l i g h t . Two others said they f e l t e x e r c i s e was important from a psychological and morale standpoint a s well as from a physical well-being point of view. Five people recommended t h a t both a bicycle ergometer and a treadmill be provided. One mentioned only a treadmill and one mentioned only a bicycle. a �Two people mentioned that it Is also necessary to exercise the upper torso and arms. One of these recoimiended spring or bungee devices for this purpose. Another thought a Nautilus-type of exercise device should be provided. One person said he thought the Cxergenle was a very useful device, but another stated that he tried to use it on his flight and found that the nylon ropes heated from the friction of use and stretched, making the device useless. Another person said he believed there is a need for something that will provide structural stress to the skeletal system, but he had no ideas on how to do that. Only two people suggested a duration for the exercise period. One suggested ninety minutes and the other sixty minutes. Coniwents; The need for exercise was strongly supported by all. It Is my understanding that investigations into the types of exercise equipment needed are being conducted. I can only urge that these Investigations be continued both on the ground and In flight. 2b. How to manage books and manuals. This question was presented to only four of the ten contacts. One stated he preferred books, but could learn to live with Information presented on CRTs. One contact had no comments, and the other two said that they did not think that everything had to be In data banks. Some material can best be presented in book form, and other material can be stored In data banks for retrieval when needed. The feeling seemed to be that recreational material was best presented In book form, but technical material (with the exception of emergency checklists) could be stored In data banks. Cowaents: None. 24 �27. Han/machine interface. This question was put to five of the ten contacts. One suggested that color be used more in the design of the Space Station, and one said color was not a11 that important. One had no comment. One man suggested that NASA employ what he called "functional artists" to help in designing the interior of the Space Station. He stated that the wardroom should be of a "relaxing* color and the flight deck should be of an "alerting" color. One individual urged caution in accepting the use of digital displays. He said: "Digital offers various advantages in terms of accuracy, precision when you need precision, but the human being is an integrator, he doesn't take snapshots, and there is a lot of information and intelligence lost when you're looking at a digital display." Comments: The science of architecture is advancing at a great pace. NASA would be well advised to use the services of this discipline in establishing interior design criteria for the Space Station. I was impressed by the warning about digital displays. From a purely personal standpoint I find it easier to integrate analog informational displays than I do digital displays, but this may be purely cultural. An interesting area for investigation would be to assess whether people get more or less information from one display than the other. Unquestionably, it is easier and quicker to read, for example, the exact time from a digital display, but does one find it also easier to tell how many minutes have elapsed since a given event or how much time remains before a given action must be taken. I am sure similar analyses could be made of altimeters, and other displays of changing quantifiable information. 25 �2B. Three s h i f t s o r one? This question was asked of s i x people. One had no connient. Only one of t h e remaining f i v e f e l t t h a t a l l crew members should be allowed t o s l e e p a t t h e same time. times. They f e l t t h a t someone should be awake and on watch a t a l l One man s a i d t h a t t h e crews should be a b l e t o work longer than eight-hour s h i f t s . He s a i d , 'You're not t h e r e on a v a c a t i o n , even f o r three months.' One contact s t a t e d t h a t timelines should be f l e x i b l e enough t o accomnodate t h e mission, and t h e crew members should be i n d o c t r i n a t e d in t h e occasional need f o r working on t h e i r off-duty time. For exati^le, an Earth resources task night require t h a t t h e Earth resources s p e c i a l i s t t a k e photos a t a p a r t i c u l a r time on a p a r t i c u l a r o r b i t , and t h a t might occur during h i s o f f - d u t y time. This question a l s o asked t h e contact t o comment on whether e x e r c i s e should be an off-duty endeavor o r a duty-time a c t i v i t y . obtained. Only t h r e e answers were One man said exercise should be done during o f f - d u t y hours. The second said t h e question was i r r e l e v a n t because one i s never ' o f f d u t y ' In space. The t h i r d said he thought half of t h e e x e r c i s e should be done during on-duty time and half of i t when off d u t y . Comments: As was t h e case i n most of t h e s e q u e s t i o n s , t h e r e was no r eal unanimity of opinion unless i t was t h a t someone should be awake a t a l l times. This seems t o be a most reasonable and l o g i c a l p o s i t i o n . 29. Importance of real-time TV. Here i s another example of a question t h a t was covered f a i r l y well i n an e a r l i e r question. See Question 22. which addresses wardroom accommodations. This question (29) was asked of only t h r e e persons. One had no comment: one thought i t was very important; and t h e o t h e r did not b e l i e v e i t t o be of g r e a t importance. Comments: None. �30. Who should s e l e c t t h e crews? All but t h r e e of t h e contacts were asked t h i s question and, a s one might expect, t h e r e was a wide range of opinion i n t h i s regard. person a r e summarized in t h e following paragraphs. (1) A crew s e l e c t i o n committee has v i r t u e . made by one person. The r e p l i e s of each No r e a l p a t t e r n emerged. The s e l e c t i o n should not be Perhaps t h e Captain should be s e l e c t e d f i r s t . He would then s e l e c t a second person; t h e two of them would s e l e c t t h e t h i r d ; and s o on until a l l crew members had been chosen. (2) Overall Management should make t h e s e l e c t i o n . The Commander should not have s o l e s e l e c t i o n a u t h o r i t y , but he should have veto powers. The peer review concept has v i r t u e i n t h a t i t i d e n t i f i e s t h e unpopular individuals. (3) The crew should be s e l e c t e d by Management - they have more information a v a i l a b l e t o them than does anyone e l s e . i s a useful t o o l . The peer review process Management needs an input from t h e crew Commander. This contact believed t h a t a small group of crews should be selected and flown frequently. This saves expensive t r a i n i n g time over t h e o t h e r a l t e r n a t i v e , which i s t o have a l a r g e pool of candidates from which crews a r e selected t o fly less fre q uently. (4) Believes a nucleus of crew members should be s e l e c t e d . These people fly frequently and t r a i n t h e i r own replacements ( t h e r i g h t - s e a t man eventually moves i n t o a l e f t - s e a t assignment). Whatever system i s used, i t should be well understood by a l l t h e candidates. Each should know what the s e l e c t i o n c r i t e r i a a r e , and how t h e process o p e r a t e s . (5) Mentioned t h a t he l i k e d t h e way Slayton handled t h e s e l e c t i o n process, but believes t h e s e l e c t i o n pool i s much too l a r g e . (6) Also mentioned t h a t he liked t h e way Slayton did h i s job i n t h e p a s t . (7) NASA management should s e l e c t t h e operational crew. authority should s e l e c t t h e t e c h n i c a l crew. Some o t h e r The combined group should work together f o r a period of time, and t h e Commander should be a b l e t o e x e r c i s e veto power over members of both groups i f he f e l t an individual would not f i t in. Conments: I am i n c l i n e d t o go along with respondent Number 3 . Number 7 made e s s e n t i a l l y t h e same comments. 27 Respondent My disagreement with Number 3 i s �only i n regard t o t h e concept of peer review. I an s u r e i t does point out the unpopular i n d i v i d u a l s , a s s t a t e d by c o n t a c t Number 2 , but a t what expense? I am s u r e t h e unpopular individual i s already known by Management by t h e time they g e t around t o s e l e c t i n g t h e crews. One i s i n c l i n e d t o ask how important i s popularity anyway? 31. Does EVA require t h e 'buddy system"? Only four people were asked t h i s question. One had no conntent, and the other t h r e e said they believed i t was necessary. One of them s a i d he thought the buddy might be a f u l l y s u i t e d a s t r o n a u t who remained i n s i d e t h e s t a t i o n , but was ready t o go outside a t a moment's n o t i c e . None said they though t h e buddy system was unnecessary. Comments: 32. None. How can t h e EVA s u i t be in^troved? This question was asked of seven people. Again, t h e comments were not c o n s i s t e n t , and r e f l e c t t h e i n d i v i d u a l ' s personal views. There i s a l s o some overlap in t h e answers with t h e answers t o some of t h e o t h e r q u e s t i o n s . (1) For prolonged EVA t h e astronaut should be provided with a 'motorman's f r i e n d * , a d i a p e r , water, but no food. (2) For missions t h a t w i l l require EVA soon a f t e r a t t a i n i n g o r b i t , t h e EVA crewman should be s elected from a pool of i n d i v i d u a l s who, by t h e i r past experience in o r b i t , have shown t o be r e s i s t a n t t o space motion s i c k n e s s . Nevertheless, vomitus containment apparatus should be provided ' j u s t in case.* (3) Consider using honey water a s a source of energy and f l u i d . glove needs improvement s o a s t o provide b e t t e r t a c t i l e s e n s a t i o n . The A wire saw (Gigli saw) should be taken along on every EVA f o r emergency u s e . (4) Mentions b e t t e r gloves with improved t a c t i l e s e n s a t i o n . (5) Suggests t h a t t h e problem of f i n g e r t i p i n j u r y could be solved by c l o s e r trimming of t h e f i n g e r n a i l s . (6) Recommends t h e hard, r i g i d , high-pressure ( 8 p s i ) s u i t . (7) One man had no comments. 28 �Cownents: The suggestion t o use honey water a s a source of nourishment and of fluids c e r t a i n l y deserves i n v e s t i g a t i o n . Methods f o r c o l l e c t i n g urine and feces (a diaper should be adequate f o r emergencies) a r e e s s e n t i a l , and I believe t h a t some s o r t of vomitus containment device i s a l s o e s s e n t i a l . People s t i l l become i l l , even on t h e s u r f a c e of t h e Earth in a one-g f i e l d , ^ and there i s no reason t o suspect t h i n g s w i l l d i f f e r i n space. ^ problem comes up with t h e food s t o r a g e equipment, t h e r e might well be some gastroenteric I l l n e s s e s developing. In f a c t , i f a F i n a l l y , i t seems logical t o develop a suit t h a t provides a t l e a s t 8 - p s i p r e s s u r e , more If f e a s i b l e . The advantages to such a garment a r e t o o well known t o warrant elaboration in t h i s r e p o r t . 33. EVA r e s t r a i n t s , t e t h e r s , hand holds, l i g h t s , e t c . After receiving t h r e e "no comments" i n a row, t h i s question was eliminated. I t was asked of f o u r c o n t a c t s and only one had any comments. His are as follows: "There i s a need f o r a s m a l l , multipurpose t o o l k i t with interchangeable end-effectors. Small l i g h t s on t h e f i n g e r t i p s a s were used in the Mercury program a r e extremely u s e f u l . These can be d i r e c t e d b e t t e r than a helmet-mounted l i g h t . " Comments; effective. 34. The use of f i n g e r t i p l i g h t s on t h e Mercury s u i t was most This might be i n v e s t i g a t e d again f o r t h e Space S t a t i o n s u i t . Suggestions regarding mortuary a f f a i r s . This question was posed t o f o u r of t h e persons interviewed. Two s t a t e d that the sensible t h i n g t o do would be some form of o n - o r b i t d i s p o s a l . said, in some s e r i o u s n e s s , "Shoot me i n t o t h e Sun!" (One He was aware of t h e high-energy c o s t of doing t h i s , s o t h e r e was some l e v i t y i n t h e remark t o o . ) 6ut they a l s o recognize t h a t t h i s would not be acceptable in today' s s o c i e t y . I ^ One of t h e contacts s a i d t h e problem should be addressed and solved before we go t o Space S t a t i o n , but he had no i d e a s . The f o u r t h person agreed with the necessity t o bring t h e body back i n a condition s u i t a b l e f o r an open-casket f u n e r a l , but he had no ideas on how t h i s could be accon4)lished. 29 �Conroents; One approach t o mortuary ser vices might be t o c o n s u l t with various museums of natural h i s t o r y . One of t h e modern methods of taxidermy i s t o place the animal In a l i f e - l i k e pose and f r e e z e I t in t h a t p o s i t i o n . A vacuum i s then drawn on t h e container, and t h e animal i s c o n p l e t e l y d e s i c c a t e d . The desiccated specimen i s then placed in a sealed c a s e . This technique could be adapted t o t h e Space S t a t i o n as a method of preserving t h e body of a deceased crew member u n t i l a r e l i e f vessel makes c o n t a c t . 35. Foot r e s t r a i n t s a t t h e work s t a t i o n . This question was given t o four s u b j e c t s . Three had no comments, and one s t a t e d t h e t r i a n g u l a r shoes used in Skylab worked f i n e . Topics explored in t h i s question were a l s o addressed i n Questions 33 and 36. Comments: 36. None. Locomotion a i d s . Only two s u b j e c t s were asked t h i s question. One had no comments, and the other s a i d , 'Only what i s needed f o r f a c i l i t y and s a f e t y . The best locomotion i s j u s t t o head out and across!* Co—mnts: 37. None. Body r e s t r a i n t s f o r t a s k s requiring extreme s t e a d i n e s s . This question was presented t o only t h r e e s u b j e c t s . Two f e l t i t t o be no problem, and one s t a t e d t h a t perhaps a r i g i d arm could be i n s t a l l e d a t t h e work s t a t i o n . This could be swung out from a stowed p o s i t i o n and used t o clamp t h e a s t r o n a u t i n t o p o s i t i o n . Comments: None. 30 �38. Thoughts on a r t i f i c i a l g r a v i t y . This topic was discussed with nine c o n t a c t s . make. Two had no connients t o One s t a t e d c a t e g o r i c a l l y t h a t he thought t h e r e i s a d i s t i n c t medical need for a r t i f i c i a l g r a v i t y . Three were of t h e opinion t h a t a r t i f i c i a l gravity should not be considered unless an overwhelming physiological need developed. One expressed t h e opinion t h a t when t h e time comes when we can build very-long-term-exposure f a c i l i t i e s , a r t i f i c i a l g r a v i t y should be provided because t h e time expended in e x e r c i s e (he estimated one t o one and a half hours a day.) a r e nonproductive hours which could be put t o b e t t e r use i f a r t i f i c i a l g r a v i t y were provided. No respondent f e l t a r t i f i c i a l g r a v i t y i s required f o r psychological reasons. One was very s t r o n g l y opposed t o i t . Our conversation went a s follows: 'Another thing - I wouldn't worry about a r t i f i c i a l g r a v i t y . i s considering a r t i f i c i a l g r a v i t y any more. I hope nobody I t h i n k t h a t ' s a waste of time. And you destroy many of t h e advantages you gain by being weightless. Particularly f o r those people who may have a g r a v i t a t i o n a l handicap. don't have a g r a v i t a t i o n a l handicap in space. They They ought t o be permitted t o participate a s f u l l - f l e d g e d workers and crew members i n space. 0. There i s some consideration being given t o t h e so-called t e t h e r system, which w i l l provide a r t i f i c i a l g r a v i t y . A. Well, I ' l l t e l l you - I t h i n k t h a t ' s a waste of money, a waste of manpower and i n t e l l e c t s t o even worry about i t . have a good reason t o do i t . F i f t y years from now you may I d o n ' t t h i n k you have a good reason now. Certainly calcium loss i s not a j u s t i f i c a t i o n , i n my o p i n i o n . " One person f e l t t h a t t h e r e was a need f o r an a r t i f i c i a l g r a v i t y area in the Space S t a t i o n , but he had no ideas a s t o how t h i s could be accomplished. He said: 31 �•There are some good benefits from zero-g, but I would hope that in the Space Station there would be some area or some volume of the Space Station that would have artificial gravity. I don't know whether it should be the gravity of Earth or the gravity of the moon, but some light gravity field would prevent the deterioration, the decondltioning, of the cardiovascular system, and also the sickness that comes Initially with exposure to the weightless environment.' Comments: I am in agreement with the contact who stated that the provision of artificial gravity negates one of the more Important reasons for being there. Of course, it Is self-evident that If an overwhelming medical or physiological need arises for artificial gravity. It must be provided, but lacking that, I can see no justification for It. The concept that the provision of artificial gravity would eliminate the need for exercise and thus be an economically justifiable approach warrants study. The economics of this question Is beyond my area of knowledge, so I do not feel competent to coiment one way or another on the suggestion. 39. What about autonomy? This question was presented to eight contacts, and all but one had very definite opinions on the subject. Four contacts stated that they believed the Space Station Commander should be the final authority. ground should perform strategic planning only, Four felt that the other comaents included one that the Control Center should be used only for their more extensive resources. Two others stated that Hisslon Control Center should be used for routine data analysis only, and this because 1t was more economical to do this kind of Information processing on the ground than in the Space Station. Another connent was that the Control Center should be informative, not protective, and finally, one person commented that the Control Center should be absolutely honest with the flight crew; no information should be withheld from the crew using the Justification that they were being protected by this action. This respondent also said that the crew must be open and honest with the ground as well. 32 �Conments; All of t h e contacts were i n c l i n e d towards more autonomy f o r the Space Station, and l e s s r e l i a n c e on t h e ground. logical and a p p r o p r i a t e . This trend seems t o be most I concur with t h e conment t h a t t h e g r e a t e r analytical resources on t h e ground should be used in preference t o i n - f l i g h t analysis. 40. U t i l i t y of a miniature helmet-mounted TV camera. This question was presented t o only two c o n t a c t s . useful, but only f o r c e r t a i n (unspecified) t a s k s . One said i t might be The o t h e r contact had no connents t o make on t h e s u b j e c t . Conntents: 41. None. What about an expendable launch vehicle rescue c a p a b i l i t y . The question was put t o f i v e people, of which one had no comment. Only one person was e n t h u s i a s t i c about t h e concept and he s a i d : "I d o n ' t s e e why n o t . I t would be expensive, but i t would be only a one-time expense. Once you got t h e t h i n g ready t o go, t h e expense of recycling i t would not be t h a t g r e a t . You could even go with a s o l i d . have t o be reserviced a s o f t e n . I t would not Over a period of years t h e r e ' s going t o be some times when i t j u s t might be needed, and i t would c e r t a i n l y pay f o r itself.' One said he would r a t h e r put t h e emphasis on more on-board r e l i a b i l i t y . Another said he would r a t h e r use t h o s e resources t o expand t h e o r b l t e r f l e e t so as t o provide a quick-rescue c a p a b i l i t y . One individual said he would rather have t h e escape c a p a b i l i t y b u i l t i n t o t h e Space S t a t i o n i t s e l f . Comments: 42. None. How can man-on-board reduce redundancy? This question was presented t o only f o u r c o n t a c t s . that they had no comments. 33 Three of them said �One s t a t e d he did not want t o g e t Involved 1n a lengthy discussion of the question, but did want t o venture h i s opinion t h a t we a r e s t i l l designing too much redundancy I n t o experiments because t h e s c i e n t i s t s r e f u s e t o accept t h a t man can make up f o r i t . Cowwents; The comments following Question 2 point out t h e u t i l i t a r i a n value of man on t h e scene. Again, we should design equipment f o r r e p a i r and maintenance on o r b i t r a t h e r than provide layer s of redundancy. A3. Ideas f o r design of a safe haven. This question was put t o seven people. Two of them had no comments. One s t a t e d t h a t he did not think we needed more than two s a f e havens on t h e Space S t a t i o n ; another man said he thought every module should be I s o l a t a b l e ; and a t h i r d suggested designing t h e s a f e haven s o t h a t t h e occupants could continue t o be productive. He f e l t t h i s was e s s e n t i a l t o t h e i r morale. One contact s t a t e d , " I would put my e f f o r t s I n t o Introducing realism t o t h e public." When asked t o explain t h e statement he s a i d t h a t we must prepare the public t o accept the f a c t t h a t we're going t o lose a s p a c e c r a f t sometime. pomnents: The suggestion t o provide means f o r crews t o remain productive as a morale booster In t h e s a f e haven I s one t h a t deserves some thought. 44. Philosophy f o r EVA use. Of t h e f i v e people who were presented with t h i s q u e s t i o n , one had no comment; two f e l t t h a t I t should be used r o u t i n e l y ; one s a i d I t should be used when c o s t e f f e c t i v e ; and one s t a t e d only, " I am s u r e i t would be u s e f u l . " Conmmnts: 45. None. On-board command s t r u c t u r e . This question probably stimulated a s much discussion a s any of t h e 51. was presented t o a l l ten c o n t a c t s . Six of them unequivocally recomaended a strong Commander with a c l e a r and d i s t i n c t chain of conmend. p o s i t i v e voice In t h i s group was one who s a i d : 34 The most It �•The Commander 1s the boss—just like 1n a military vehicle [or] In polar exploration trips. He's the boss. varied opinions on things. He can appoint deputies. He's a real strong individual. 'This is the way it's donel [Strikes table for emphasis.]. He can ask for He's going to say, We're not even going to question it.'" A considerably milder comment was made by another contact who said that a clear chain of command was needed but, "...you don't need a man beating his chest." The nearly opposite view was expressed by a contact who said: "Yog know the stereotype of Marine Drill Instructor - you don't need those kinds of abilities up there - you need people with a broad perspective; people who are interested in enough different things outside their own area of expertise. I think that would be especially apropos of the Commander of the mission." He went on to say, "When you go to autonomy in space and you have your scientists up there [there are going to be conflicts which the Commander will have to solve]. You have to be able to compromise, and accommodate all those kinds of things. The Commander will have to be real diplomat." Another contact recommended a strong authoritative Commander, but he has to be the kind of person who knows how to lead, and "...just to give an order is not the best way to lead." But, he said, there also has to be a strong connand structure. One man who stated there must be a chain of command suggested that there night possibly be a Commander for each shift with interaction between them. He said that the Commander should be not be resistant or blind to suggestion and inputs from the rest of the crew. When asked if he would recommend a military hierarchial system, he replied that he would prefer a NASA hierarchial system, which he said is not as rigid as the military system. Another contact also recommended a dual command system, but constructed around different lines. He suggested a military Commander and a scientific 35 �conmander. The military Conroander would be in ultimate charge, but as long as things are going well, he would delegate command to the chief scientist. He agreed tha,t this might be somewhat analogous to the relationship that exists between the Captain of a carrier and his Air Sroup Commander. The contact stated that the ultimate responsibility must be assigned to one person. said, 'You cannot have a voting situation up there." NOTE: He The term "Hilltary Commander" as used above was not meant by the speaker to imply that he advocated the Space Station be conuianded by a DOD representative. Conments: He used it as a figure of speech. Most of the respondents focused on the role that the Conmander must play, and how he must act in exercising that role. One contact really caught the significant part of the question and stated that even more important than the Commander's actions was the need for a strong comaand structure. It has been my observation that some Military Commanders get the job done by virtue of the fact that their subordinates are afraid of them; others because they are respected:and others because they are idolized. Regardless of the Commander's attitude, the job always gets done unless the conmand structure breaks down. Even the autocratic Commander gets the job done unless he attempts to dissolve the command structure. When he does that, the organization falls apart and the mission is a failure. 46. How Hi-Fi should the Space Station simulator be? This question was given to five people. Only one recownended that the simulator have as much fidelity as possible recognizing the limits imposed by gravity. Two men felt that a complete simulator, a duplicate Space Station, was not needed. Part-task and modular simulation should be adequate. These were thought to be especially valuable devices for problem solving. one man suggested that the Space Station control room should be fairly well simulated, but the other functions of a Space Station need not be 36 �duplicated on the ground. He suggested a minimum ground training period and conpletion of training In the Space Station itself under the supervision of the crew. He presupposed that only part of the crew, perhaps two out of ten, would be replaced at any one time. One man had no comments. Conments: The suggestion that part-task and modular simulations should be adequate seems to be a reasonable approach. The concept of training after arriving on station is an interesting one and might be an area for investigation. 49. Accommodating diverse groups of people. Seven people were asked this question. Two people expressed disapproval of the concept of taking the "man on the street". Both of these contacts felt that, in the foreseeable future, we would be taking selected people. One mentioned that we would select them first for their skills, second for their motivation, and third for their physical and mental health. mentioned construction workers. One contact He thought we would ask for volunteers from the population of construction workers, then we would select the most skilled and the most fit. Three contacts mentioned their opposition to the practice of applying arbitary age limits. They felt that the results of a physical examination should determine a person's fitness to fly, not his age. One mentioned a Dr. Vincent in Houston who has a program that is an excellent predictor of mental acuity. The respondent thought some of the airlines were using Or. Vincent's technique. One stated that we could markedly relax our physical requirements because there are no stresses in space. Another felt that most of the problems will be societal, and the Commander will have to deal with them. 37 �Another suggestion was t h a t planning f o r medical c a r e f a c i l i t i e s must take Into consideration t h a t crew members of t h e f u t u r e may n o t be 1n t h e b e s t of health o r of optimum age. Comments; I was pleased t o hear one of t h e contacts s t a t e t h a t we could markedly relax our physical requirements because t h e r e a r e no s t r e s s e s In space. I do not know. In any g r e a t d e t a i l , what physical l i m i t a t i o n s NASA places on s e l e c t e e s f o r space f l i g h t , but senators and school t e a c h e r s a r e now being considered. From a purely s c i e n t i f i c standpoint 1 t seems reasonable t o f l y a group of "average" people t o see whether they perform any d i f f e r e n t l y than the highly selected and superbly f i t persons we have flown In t h e p a s t . There was r e a l l y no reason f o r s e l e c t i n g t h e cream of t h e crop a f t e r Mercury and Gemini. Both of those e a r l y missions had t h e unknown p o s s i b i l i t y of requiring t h e a b i l i t y t o s u s t a i n hIgh-Q reentry followed by a survival experience l a s t i n g several days a t sea o r on t h e d e s e r t . e x t r a o r d i n a r i l y f i t human specimen was required. Obviously an We might be surprised t o find out t h a t the average person who I s accustomed t o a more sedentary l i f e might even perform I n t e l l e c t u a l t a s k s In space a t l e a s t a s well a s t h e more f i t person does. I have not followed up on t h e suggestion t h a t Or. Vincent In Houston be contacted because of h i s a b i l i t y t o p r e d i c t mental a c u i t y s e p a r a t e from age. 50. Thoughts regarding s a f e t y hazards. This question was presented t o nine c o n t a c t s . nothing t o c o n t r i b u t e . One said t h e only thing he could t h i n k of was a k i t t o s e a l meteorold punctures. redundancy a s p o s s i b l e . Three s t a t e d t h a t they had Another suggested only t h a t we build In a s much One person said t h a t a s i d e from t h e pure vacuum of space, living In t h e Space Station I s no d i f f e r e n t , from a s a f e t y point of view, than l i v i n g on Earth. The hazards a r e t h e same and you p r o t e c t against them with s t r u c t u r a l design. You c a n ' t p r o t e c t a g a i n s t a l l e v e n t u a l i t i e s . f e l t compartmentallzatlon w i l l solve many problems. 38 He �Another person made t h e s e f i v e p o i n t s : 1. Follow e s t a b l i s h e d p r o c e d u r e s . 2. Have two c u e s t o a p r o b l e m , i . e . , a u d i o and v i s u a l warnings i n case one o r t h e o t h e r i s m i s s e d . 3. Eliminate single-point failures. He s a i d NASA has done a v e ry ?oo(l job of doing t h a t . 4. When a f a i l u r e d o e s o c c u r , f a l l back t o a s a f e p o s i t i o n iimediately, and examine t h e f a i l u r e . 5. Use e x t r a o r d i n a r i l y w e l l - t r a i n e d p e o p l e i n p o s i t i o n s of p r i n c i p a l responsibility. One respondent urged t h a t NASA d o c a r e f u l f a i l u r e mode a n a l y s e s , and where they discover h a z a r d s t h a t t h e crew w i l l have t o l i v e w i t h , t h e n make s u r e t h e crew i s well t r a i n e d , o r e v e n o v e r t r a i n e d t o d e a l w i t h t h e m . One of t h e most l e n g t h y and t h o u g h t f u l comments was: 'The hazardous s i t u a t i o n i s a c o m p l i c a t e d one i n which you a r e n o t q u i t e sure what t o d o . The s i m p l e r t h e s i t u a t i o n , t h e l e s s d a n g e r t h e r e i s of screwing i t up. I t h i n k t h e most i m p o r t a n t t h i n g from t h a t s t a n d p o i n t i n Space S t a t i o n i s t o c l e a r l y i d e n t i f y and c o l o r - c o d e a l l t h e v a r i o u s p i e c e s of equipment a t d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s of h a z a r d . The most s e r i o u s b e i n g r e d , t h e n e x t yellow, then maybe y e l l o w - a n d - b l a c k s t r i p e s . now. B a s i c a l l y l i k e t h e m i l i t a r y does Mark 'NO STEP' and 'HAND HOLD', and s o f o r t h . A c o n c e r t e d e f f o r t should be made t o s e e t h a t we d o n ' t g e t s h a r p c o r n e r s and t h a t s o r t of t h i n g . "The dangers a r e g o i n g t o be i n t h e p r e s s u r e s u i t p e o p l e w e a r . With a l o t of people up t h e r e working around t h e r e i s g o i n g t o be a s u i t p u n c t u r e , o r swneone i s n o t g o i n g t o p u t t h e w r i s t s e a l on p r o p e r l y and a g l o v e w i l l pop off. Those a r e t h e k i n d s of problems we a r e g o i n g t o h a v e . We a r e n o t going to have any problems i n s i d e . " Cowitents: Of a l l t h e r e s p o n d e n t s , I c o n c u r most c l o s e l y w i t h t h e i n d i v i d u a l who made t h e f i v e p o i n t s . They s h o u l d be remembered and p r a c t i c e d by a l l who have any r o l e i n s a f e t y d e s i g n o r p r a c t i c e s - and t h a t i n c l u d e s n e a r l y everyone. 39 �51. Suggestions which would help maintain crew h e a l t h . This question was asked of nine c o n t a c t s . t o make. Two s t a t e d they had no comments Proper n u t r i t i o n o r d i e t was mentioned by t h r e e people, a s was proper e x e r c i s e . Recognition t h a t people have t h e same psychological needs In space as on Earth was mentioned frequently. One c o n t a c t urged t h a t t h e time l i n e be structured t o provide time f o r q u i e t r e f l e c t i o n and contemplation. The b e n e f i t In crew member contributions t o t h e mission w i l l outweigh any cost In time. Another said t h a t we must choose s e n s i t i v e . I n t e l l i g e n t people t o serve on Space S t a t i o n . You d o n ' t need t h e "machonnan", and b r u t e - f o r c e kind of people - they should be kept o u t . One man s t a t e d , "Try t o make I t a s much l i k e a normal c i v i l i a n l i f e a s possible, recognizing t h a t we're going t o have a connand s t r u c t u r e , and by t h a t I mean If a guy wants t o have a g l a s s of wine with dinner o r a s h o t of brandy a f t e r , he ought t o be e n t i t l e d t o do s o . I t ' s home!" He's not f l y i n g an a i r l i n e r - One other man had mentioned t h a t he thought moderate consumption of alcohol was probably b e n e f i c i a l . Another man, who I am s u r e would have agreed with the comments above regarding wine with t h e meals and brandy a f t e r , nevertheless warned against what he perceived a s t h e c u r r e n t s o c i a l acceptance of overindulgence by m i l i t a r y p i l o t s . s a f e flying t h e next day. He f e l t t h a t behavior was hazardous t o The mental health aspects of t h e Space S t a t i o n were considered by another contact. He s a i d , "He should allow a routine-enough work c y c l e and approach t o Space S t a t i o n operations so t h a t If someone does g e t s1ck they can go take a day off and r e s t . L e t ' s ease off on t h e work load. L e t ' s l e t the astronomers have some time t o j u s t s i t t h e r e and look through t h e telescopes. Hhat's wrong with t h a t ? g r e a t Ideas anyway." Coweents: T h a t ' s where a l l t h e g r e a t astronomers got a l l t h e i r Here a g a i n , I was pleased t o s e e t h e emphasis on f a c t o r s Influ e n c i n g m e n t a l h e a l t h . If one lesson should have been learned from a l l of 40 �our space f l i g h t p r o j e c t s , i t i s t h a t we must guard a g a i n s t overloading the crew metrtier. I was most impressed by t h e l a s t comment recorded, " L e t ' s ease off on the work load. L e t ' s l e t t h e t h e astronomers have some time t o j u s t sit there and look through t h e t e l e s c o p e s . What's wrong with t h a t ? That's where a l l the g r e a t astronomers g o t a l l t h e i r g r e a t ideas anyway." I can only applaud t h a t a d v i c e . SPONTANEOUS COMMENTS As stated in t h e s e c t i o n e n t i t l e d METHOD, t h e 51 questions were a c t u a l l y used only t o s t i m u l a t e d i s c u s s i o n . Although a g r e a t many comments were received in response t o t h o s e q u e s t i o n s , t h e r e were some additional statements •ade either spontaneously o r a s a r e s u l t of thoughts stimulated by t h e questions. Some of t h e s e spontaneous statements a r e presented in t h i s s e c t i o n . 1. I t had been several y e a r s , and even decades, since some of t h e contacts had flown. One of them opened t h e interview with t h i s statement: " I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g your coming around doing t h i s . I commented t o [ h i s wife] t h i s morning t h a t t h i s i s t h e f i r s t time anybody has asked my opinion about anything s i n c e t h e day I l e f t NASA. And, consequently, i t i s of a l o t less value than i t might have been a year a f t e r I l e f t NASA." Conments: In l i g h t of t h e remark made by one c o n t a c t t h a t h i s remarks might have had more value had he been contacted a year a f t e r leaving t h e program rather than several years l a t e r might suggest t h a t NASA give consideration t o establishing a procedure whereby a l l former a s t r o n a u t s would be interviewed a year or two a f t e r they leave t h e program. 1 f e e l confident t h a t individuals who are no longer competing f o r a f l i g h t p o s i t i o n , o r who a r e no longer hoping for advancement i n , o r rewards from, t h e system might well be a very valuable source of information. Among t h e t e n people I interviewed, 1 f e l t t h a t some of there were so long out of t h e program a s t o be of l i t t l e value t o t h i s project. On t h e o t h e r hand, some who were more r e c e n t menders of NASA had •any good conments which t h e y probably would not have made had they been corepeting f o r f l i g h t assignment. 41 �2. One stated that he feU gymnastics might be a good training procedure, particularly use of the trampoline, in combatting space motion sickness. Cowwents; 3. None. In view of the fact that EVA astronauts do not appear to use their legs very much, one contact was asked his opinion regarding a suit without separate legs. He replied; •Some of the EVA tasks would require that you anchor your feet somehow, because that's the way you apply the torque. If. of course, you have some umbilical 'belly-button' kind of thing with which you attach yourself rigidly through your center of gravity, then you could obviously use your arms pretty well without a foot restraint. I would kind of think that having your legs separate would give you much better torque and muscle control." In response to the same question another contact said•But If you're thinking In terms of a Space Station where you're going to have to do some manual work with your arms, and you look at the situation Where you put In a torque motion. I don't know how you would counteract that without having your feet somehow [stabilized], speaking of construction work 1n space he said. "It Is In that kind of a mode where I would envision that you might want [to use your legs].' Comments: 4. None. When speaking of training, one contact mentioned what he called an advocacy position In training, it Is sitting down ahead of time and asking what^one will do If a certain event takes place. He said: •Within certain limitations you could take the advocacy role ahead of time. It's a 'brain-washing', and I know that's a bad word, but you train to the point where, when you get there, the actual case Is a piece of cake. many times It doesn't have to be a hands-on kind of training. And You can sit In a room and discuss what we're going to do If this happens and why do that one. But you gotta go through that exercise. 42 It's a very Important part of �getting ready t o go." The contact then gave two examples from h i s f l i g h t where f a m i l i a r i t y with the system and procedures saved t h e mission. Cofiments; The remarks regarding "advocacy" t r a i n i n g were i n t e r e s t i n g t o me. The mental exercise of s i t t i n g q u i e t l y alone o r with o n e ' s colleagues and contemplating possible events and how t o cope with them I s probably an excellent way t o t r a i n f o r foreseeable e v e n t u a l i t i e s . Perhaps such t r a i n i n g methods could be encouraged. 5. At the close of h i s interview, one contact offered t h e following independent thought: "One of t h e t h i n g s I d o n ' t think we're doing t o o w e l l . . . i s designing things l i k e t h e Space S t a t i o n , taking advantage of t h e r eal and unique environment. Using t h e d e l t a temperature and t h e d e l t a pressure a s driving forces t o some degree in equipment design. We're s t i l l designing things f o r here t h a t we then make a l l s o r t s of special precautions t o operate up t h e r e instead of designing them t o r e a l l y optimize the environment they have t o be in. I think when t h a t happens we w i l l have problems t e s t i n g i t down here, but i t w i n [work b e t t e r up t h e r e . ] " When asked f o r examples he said t h a t he had none a t t h e moment. Comments: 6. None. Another contact i n explaining why he thought he did not g e t motion sickness i n f l i g h t s a i d : "We would go up and do parabolas in t h e T-38 where we could do between 15 and 23 r o l l s on a given parabola. with each r o l l . We put our head i n d i f f e r e n t o r i e n t a t i o n s I ' d do t h a t maybe twice, and a l l of a sudden t h e sweat would break out—you'd s i t t h e r e with t h e world going around and you'd t r y t o f l y s t r a i g h t and level f o r f i v e minutes u n t i l you could g e t t h e world back together again, then you'd go a t i t a g a i n . [before t h e f l i g h t ] . I did t h a t down a t t h e Cape I got t o where i t r e a l l y took something t o g e t me s i c k . I d o n ' t know whether i t was t h a t conditioning t h a t helped o r whether i t was t h a t I was j u s t more n a t u r a l l y r e s i s t a n t than some. 43 You can do t h e same thing �in a swlnwing pool. nystagmus.* You can get some pretty high rates—until you get severe He continued t o cowaent that performing r o l l s In a zero-g parabola and holding the head in different positions a t the same time was the most efficient way of producing nystagmus that he knows. He got t o the point where he could make the world 'twitch* in any direction depending upon how he held his head during the r o l l . £ommsntsj_ NASA might give some thought t o investigating t h e training routine described by the contact who stated he and his partner executed 15 t o 23 rolls while in a zero-g parabola, with t h e i r heads in a d i f f e r e n t orientation for each parabola. I am astounded a t the piloting s k i l l which t h i s maneuver requires, but if i t can be done I t might be of value i n anti-motion sickness training. I know that aerobatics have been attempted t o t r a i n against motion sickness, largely without benefit, but t h i s i s the f i r s t I have heard of stimulating the semicircular canals while in zero-g. 7. One contact was asked for his ideas regarding the changing crews. He said that i t might be necessary t o bring up one o r two s p e c i a l i s t s for short periods t o perform specific tasks, but he f e l t i t was important t o change the e n t i r e basic crew a t the same time t o maintain a cohesive u n i t . Comments: 8. None. Another Interesting concluding remark was: "There i s one other thing I always make a pitch on. and t h a t i s that they do not realize that people in space f l i g h t o r in zero-gravity condition are no different than down here. You have zero gravity and a b e t t e r view, but other than that you are dealing with the same person and the same working environment and they can do exactly the same thing they can do down here. If a person i s exceptionally good as an observer o r working out something analytically, or if he i s good a t doing any kind of a detailed task (for example, a photo interpreter), you can put him up there where he i s looking a t 44 �the real thing. He can do just as good a Job up there as down here. no reason for not using a person's intellect fully. There is So far, the way space flights have been constructed, they want to dictate everything by checklist and take away your ability to think. Coninents; 9. See comments following Statement 9. Another man expressed the same thoughts in this way: "My big 'soap box' effort is the thing about let's not forget who we are and what our needs are as people, and carry those things with us. Let's not lull ourselves into thinking that this is such a special environment that all the rules change and everything is different, and that people will give up this and give up that In order to be up there. They will do it for a ten-day mission, but they won't do it for ninety days." He went on to say, "One of the problems we ran into on our mission was that we forgot to think about those things, and we got ourselves caught up in a workaday thing where we were working fourteen to sixteen hours a day, and working strictly following a carrot - following a very precise agenda every day. Halfway through the mission we began to get inefficient and made mistakes. Me finally recognized our problem and did something about it, and came out at the end of the mission in good shape. We finished everything we were supposed to do and got it all right." Comments: I commend the two remarks regarding utilization of people for their capabilities and their human abilities to NASA for serious consideration. I agree with both comments. If we are to put people in space we must take advantage of their capabilities and their "humanness", whatever that is. He should recognize the tendency to overschedule and actively correct for that tendency. 10. One contact believes that the absence of low-frequency electromagnetic radiation in space might have some physiological consequences. this radiation is commonly referred to as Schumann resonance. this subject he said: 45 He said that Speaking to �•W1th1n the Ionosphere-Earth surface cavity there is, I think, about an 8-H2 to 32-Hz oscillating field with a series of peaks in that field that is generated by lightning storms on Earth, but the net result of all that electromagnetic activity is that we're exposed from conception to death to this oscillating field, and there is some evidence that if you play with that field here on Earth, particularly by superimposing a 5-Hz, 4-Hz, or 3-Hz field on what is already there (and it is very difficult to isolate the individual from it unless you go underground) and you get some neurological problems. It does affect people, and it is probably related to what happens to you when you get a relatively low-frequency strobe light flashing at you. A lot of people feel very very uncomfortable neurologically when that happens. course, it's absent. In space, of Once you get above the ionosphere that field is absent, and there is some concern among physicists who have a background in neurophysiology that there might be an instantaneous effect contributing to the Space Adaptation Syndrome, but they are more concerned about what the long-term effect may be if the brain actually uses that frquency on occasion or continuously to reset it's own timing signals in it's central processor. So, 1 would FLAG that as an unknown." This contact was also concerned about "intermittent sleep." could cause difficulty from the standpoint of loss of REH sleep. sleep is different from simple insomnia. He felt it Intermittent Intermittent sleep is that situation where a person wakes up and goes back to sleep several times during a sleep period. It should cause no problem over short periods, but if continued for two months or so it might. It has been noticed in sleep labs on the Earth, but the contact was of the opinion that it occurs more frequently in space flight than it does on the Earth. Comments; I cannot connent on the role of low-frequency electromagnetic radiation in space and its physiological consequences and I am unaware of "Schumann Resonance", but I do want to underline this individual's connent as a possible route of inquiry, which NASA might investigate. I also am unable to comment on this same contacts remarks regarding "Intermittent Sleep". 46 �11. One man mentioned t h a t he f e l t h i s mind worked b e t t e r i n space. When asked t o elaborate on t h a t s u b j e c t he s a i d : ' . . . i t might be j u s t t h a t you a r e doing i t f o r r eal r a t h e r than in practice. The f a c t t h a t you're i n 100X oxygen environment - t h a t should allow you t o perform a l i t t l e b e t t e r . I think i n a place of reduced g r a v i t y , t h a t could have a contributing f a c t o r t o o . including mental. Cownent; 12. [There was a ] changed response p a t t e r n , That i s p a r t i c u l a r l y t r u e in the weightless s i t u a t i o n . " None. One contact mentioned t h a t i t took him four t o f i v e days t o g e t adjusted to the zero-g environment. He s a i d t h a t he knew t h a t i f he moved about Quickly he would become s i c k , s o he moved very slowly and very d e l i b e r a t e l y until he became accustomed t o t h e environment. He a l s o mentioned t h a t upon h i s return t o Earth he had " v e r t i g o " . as if t h e bed was i n c l i n e d about 30 degrees head down. for about a week. He f e l t This sensation lasted He mentions t h a t he was unable t o c l e a r h i s e a r s during parachute descent a t t h e end of h i s mission and wonders i f t h a t did not contribute t o h i s f e e l i n g s of " v e r t i g o " . He believes i t would have been interesting t o go through v e s t i b u l a r t e s t i n g during t h a t period, but o t h e r matters seemed t o occupy t h e time of t h e physicians. Comments: The contact who said i t took him four t o f i v e days t o g e t adjusted t o the zero-g environment was t h e only one of t h e group t h a t admitted t o even the l e a s t t r o u b l e . I found i t i n t e r e s t i n g t h a t he experienced a head-down sensation a f t e r return t o Earth. I would have expected him t o experience a head-down sensation in f l i g h t due t o migration of f l u i d t o t h e head and a head-up sensation upon return t o Earth. 13. Several s u b j e c t s mentioned d i f f i c u l t y sleeping i n f l i g h t . The consensus seemed t o be t h a t f r e e - f l o a t i n g s l e e p was not comfortable o r r e s t f u l . One man mentioned t h a t i n o r d e r t o g e t a comfortable n i g h t ' s s l e e p , t h e head and hands have t o be r e s t r a i n e d t o prevent them from moving about i n random fashion. 47 �Coimients; I believe this last remark regarding the unsatisfactory nature of unrestrained or free-floating sleep has been made before, so It requires no further Investigation, but should be kept In mind when sleep restraints In the Space Station crew quarters are being designed. 48 �APPENDIX A 1. Flight Crew Health Stabilization Program; Discuss in context of SS vs Skylab, Apollo, and STS. Worthwhile? Retain? Eliminate? Modify? 2. Do you have any thoughts on facilitating SS maintenance activities of the crew? 3. Discuss alarm systems: False alarms. Lights. Horns. Voice. Tactile. 4. Any thoughts as to tools for on-orbit repair and maintenance? Including "work bench", location, equipment, etc. 5. What about food and meals? A11 eat same foods on same days? Individually selected menu? Suggested changes/improvements. 6. Any suggestions regarding trash disposal? 49 �7. Any thoughts on clothing design? One piece c o v e r a l l s v s . pants and s h i r t ? Pocket l o c a t i o n , design, closure? Off-duty and on-duty. Any d i f f e r e n c e ? Special clothing f o r e x e r c i s e ? What kind of sleepwear would you choose? Any personal Items of c l o t h i n g f o r you? 8. Suggestions a s t o personal hygiene equipment. 9. Aids t o t r a n s f e r of massive o b j e c t s . 1 0 . Skylab crews found t h a t they o r i e n t e d t o t h e f l o o r In small compartments, but t r a n s l a t e d h e a d - f i r s t in large compartments. Does t h i s Influence your thinking In regard t o I d e n t i f i c a t i o n of "up" and "down"? Would visual o r i e n t a t i o n cues a s t o "up" o r "down" be helpful o r harmful? [At l e a s t one Skylab crew member reported t h a t he always o r i e n t e d down towards h i s f e e t . ] n . What about using vented gases f o r a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l , o r what about using opposing vents t o cancel any e f f e c t from venting? 1 2 . What I s the Importance of p r i v a t e coniminlcatlons with o p e r a t i o n s s t a f f , medical s t a f f , f r i e n d s , and r e l a t i v e s ? 1 3 . Some Skylab crew members reported t h a t p o r t a b l e f ans were of l i t t l e use f o r crew comfort, but were useful f o r equipment c o o l i n g . Others reported that they a r e u s e f u l , e s p e c i a l l y t o cool a person during and a f t e r e x e r c i s e . I s your opinion? 1 4 . Oo you have any Ideas concerning: Translation a i d s ? Control/switch p r o t e c t i v e devices? Orientation cues? Protective devices f o r personal wear (helmets, g l o v e s , e t c . ) 50 What �15. Skylab crew's coimients about the airlock Included such remarks as: It was too small for two crewmen. Insufficient stowage volume. "Like a rat's nest during EVA.' Lack of foot restraints. Poor location; -Between Multiple Docking Adapter and Orbital Workshop. -In mainstream of traffic. -Failure of any one of three hatches would be cause for mission abort or even catastrophic situation (EVA crewman being trapped outside). OUESTIOMS: Here any of these problems present on STS? What suggestions have you for Space Station? 16. Any Ideas about the Individual crew quarters? Location. General arrangement: (1) Size (Skylab nominal was 28 In. x 38 In. x 78 In.). (2) Restraints. (3) Stowage. Noise. Lighting. Temperature. Ventilation. What kind of sleep restraint? Should washing and toilet facilities be Included? -Cofflode? -Urinal? -Both? What about shift occupancy? Communications? Warning signals? 51 �17. How much medical training should crew members have? Equivalent to CNT? More? Less? 18. Oo you believe crew members should engage in 'group dynamics* training before being assigned to SS? Should one CH be trained in this discipline? 19. Should families be given similar psychological training and support? 20. What about crew interaction training in a one-g simulator? 21. How much of a problem is ambient noise? 22. Wardroom: What suggestions for entertainment? Will external viewing be of great importance from a recreational standpoint? Is It Important that the Earth appear "down"? 23. Discuss body waste collection and disposal. 24. Personal cleanliness. Shaving. Haircuts. Showers. 25. Exercise. What kind? 26. How best to manage books and manuals. Should everything be in data banks with CRT display? 27. Han/machine interfaces. Brightness. Shape, color, texture. 52 �28. Three shifts or one (or two)? All sleep at the same time? How long a work day? Eight hours? Hore? Less? Should work time Include one to two hours of exercise, or should all exercise be performed In off-duty time? 29. How Important would be real-time TV, Including network news? 30. l>/ho should select the crew? What Input should crew members have In regard to crew composition? 31. Does EVA require "buddy system" or can one person do It alone with monitoring from the Inside? 32. How can the EVA suit be Improved? Urine collection. Fecal collection. Provision for food and water. Vomiting. 33. EVA Restraints and tethers. Hand and foot holds. Lighting. Helmet mounted? Tools. 34. With a twenty-one-day rescue time at worst, do you have any suggestions regarding mortuary services? 35. What about foot restraints at the work station? Locking grid and shoe. Stirrups. Clangs. Velcro. Other. 53 �36. Loconotlon aids. Lines, slldewlres. Distributed handles. Other. 37. What about body restraints for tasks requiring extreme steadiness? 3B. Any thoughts on artificial gravity? Need. Methods. Rotating SS. Tether. Continuous or Intermittent? 39. What about autonomy? Is "control" by NCC a pain, or Is It reassuring? 40. Would a miniature helmet-mounted TV to record EVA activities be useful? 41. What about an ELV rescue capability? capsules. For example, a Titan with reentry 42. How can man-on-board reduce redundancy? 43. Any Ideas for design of a safe haven for two to three weeks' occupancy? 44. What about EVA? Use only for contingency? Use for contingency and major tasks only? Design for and use routinely? 45. On-board command structure: Strong, authoritative Comnander with clear chain of command? Participative management? Coenlttee decision making? 54 �46. How H1-F1 should the SS simulator be? 47. Is the orbiter overdesigned for safety? Can safety requirements be relaxed for SS? Any examples? 48. Any suggestions as to docking techniques or aids? Proximity operations. Approach corridors. Plume impingement considerations. Others. 49. In the future many diverse groups of people will have to participate in Space Station activities. For many of these people—scientists, construction workers, and so forth—there will be no arbitrary age limit. Can you think of any investigations that should be performed now, either to select those persons or to accommodate them in flight? 50. Do you have any thoughts as regards safety hazards? 51. Do you have any suggestions as to measures that would help maintain crew health? 55 ��National Aeronautics and Space Administration APPENDIX B Ames Research Center Moffett Field. California 94035 rUASA aeiirioAdnai: LMA:239-2 Dear Space Missioa Participant: The purpose of this letter is to introduce Dr« William K« Douglas and a project that he is conducting under the sponsorship of NASA's Anes Research Center. The Ames Man-Vehicle Systems Research Division under its Space Human Fac­ tors Office is in the process of planning research that will help to as­ sure high levels of crew effectiveness on future space missions, including NASA's proposed space station. Several expected differences between the space station and previous missions suggest that such research is warrant­ ed. Such differences include more heterogeneity of crew members in back­ ground and experience, broader variety of work requirements (including more EVA), larger crews, and longer durations. To accommodate some of these changes, plans and designs are being developed for configurations of the total station, individual modules, and work stations, as well as for habitability Issues and operational pro­ cedures. In many cases the appropriate design or plan for promoting and maintaining effective crew performance under the changing conditions is unknown. Numerous cases involving new designs for work stations and habi­ tats have been documented, in which serious performance problems have ar­ isen because of either the lack of human factors information or the failure to incorporate available information. The Division has been active for several years in research to support the aviation community in developing methods for avoiding such errors in design, and operations. One of the more valuable sources of Information that has directed our research activities has been the Aviation Safety Re­ porting System (ASRS), which we direct (through a contract, under the sponsorship of the FAA). The system solicits voluntary comments and recommendations from pilots and air traffic controllers that concern any procedural problems encountered in the aviation system, and how these might be corrected. The reports are completely deidentified to insure anonymity of the reporter. Publication of the obtained information is generally in the form of a report that synthesises Individual comments and recommendations related to some particular Issue. Information such as that generated by the ASRS has proven of value, not only by indicating problems that require research for their solution, but by Indicating when research is unnecessary, either because Information is available to effect a solution, research is already in progress, or the 57 �problem Is not amenable to research. When research has been prescribed, the value of Its product has been enhanced significantly by the direction received from such information. The project being conducted by Dr. Douglas Is consistent with the intent and spirit of the ASRS. We are convinced that the experience of partici­ pants in previous space missions can form the basis for cogent recommenda­ tions for design, operations, and appropriate research relevant to future space missions, similarly to our experience in aviation. Therefore, we have asked Dr. Douglas to solicit thoughts regarding apace station design and operational requirements. The information obtained will be used to help us (and others) supply guidelines to designers, and to discover inadequacies in available knowledge that Indicate a need for further research. Dr. Douglas has contacted you as part of that process. Dr. Douglas was the first flight surgeon for the Mercury astronauts. We sought his assis­ tance in this project because of his reputation for sensitivity, objec­ tivity, general knowledge of and appreciation for the human in space mis­ sions, and his acquaintance with many members of the astronaut corps. We are requesting your participation because of our sincere interest in helping to assure a high level of effectiveness for future manned space missions. Dr. Douglas' approach will be informal. He will ask you a series of questions designed to focus your consideration of design and operational Issues, which we judge are important to the success of future missions. In your answers to the questions we are asking you to project from your experience to the expected conditions on a space station. We are not interested in documenting or reporting problems, either person­ al or general, from past missions. Rather, we are asking for your judg­ ment of where impediments to task performance, motivation, morale, etc. could arise; what changes in design and operations would you recommend, based on your experience and expected mission differences. Dr. Douglas will be assisted on the project by Mr. Donald K. (Deke) Slayton, whom you may know personally. Mr. Slayton's experience and knowledge should be of great assistance to Dr. Douglas in interpreting and syn­ thesizing the information, and producing a useful report. Please be assured, should you elect to participate, that the information obtained by Dr. Douglas will be completely deidentified from you as the source. Not only will your individual anonymity be assured with respect to specific information that you volunteer, but the identity of those per­ sons interviewed will not be revealed by Dr. Douglas or Mr. Slayton. 58 ��1 fttcori No. NASA CR-3942 4. Titlf and SuMiM 2. Geynwuwi HICHDH NO. Human Performance Issues Arising From Manned Space Station Missions J Autttorlll 3. Reopant't Cralog No. & Report Dite October 1986 e. Performing Orgeniotlon Code 8. Perfornung Or^izabon Report No. William K. Douglas 9. ^lormina Orfonitation Nama and Addras McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company 3301 Bolsa Avenue Huntington Beach, CA 92647 17 Soomortnf A^ncy Nama and Addra« National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC 20546 MDC H1363 10. Work Unit No. 11. Contract or Grant No. NAS2-11723 13. Type of Report and Period Ceiwad 14. Sporaoring Agency Coda FLS IS Supplamantary Nolat The author was the flight surgeon for the original Mercury Seven Astronauts. Point of Contact: Trleve A. Tanner, MS239-2 (415)694-5185 Ames Research Center. Moffett Field. CA 94035 FTS464-5185 IS Aeanoei Ten former NASA astonauts were Interviewed using a set of 51 questions developed to encourage the contacts to discuss any thoughts, opinions, con­ clusions, or suggestions which might have evolved since they left the astronaut program. Strict confidentiality was maintained. The reader will not be able to attribute any recorded remark to an individual person or to a particular mis­ sion. At least one astronaut from each of the NASA manned space flight programs, excluding the Space Transportation System (Shuttle), was Interviewed. The report records the answers to the questions asked, spontaneous comments, and the Investigator's oim personal evaluations of the material obtained. No statistical analysis of the material was attempted. The professional opinions of these ten experienced astronauts will be of value to persons concerned with the design and operation of mannoH space craft and manned space stations. 17 Key Warm ISunxtad by AutbarNIl l& OtiMutMn StPMiweW Crew health, maintenance, alarms, food, Unclassified - Unlimited clothing, personal hygiene, "up and down" identification, private communi­ Subject Category 54 cations, psychological support, crew selection, group dynamics, crew quartet s 19 Secieity OmuI.|o(itM'•pert) 20. Sacurilv Otmri.lef tN* page) 21. No. of Pagn 22 Unclassified Unclassified 62 'Forseleby the Nst>onii T*hriieel Infemriitttn Semee.Spnflgfield, Virgmi* 22161 . A04 ^ NASA'LANGLEY, 1986 ��National Aeronautics and Space Administration Code NIT-4 BULK RATE POSTAGE & FEES PAID NASA Permit No. G-27 Washington, D.C. 20546-0001 0*hcrat Business Penalty toi Pftfjie Use. S300 rwvsA M-sCT^ AcxrB • njS>lMA^IkK. If Undelfvcrablc (SBCCiun 156 MtnuBl) Do Not Return � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000074 Title A name given to the resource "Human Performance Issues Arising From Manned Space Station Missions." Description An account of the resource This is a series of interviews with various anonymous astronauts from various programs including Skylab, focused on the future of manned spaceflight. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Douglas, William K. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-10-01 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1980-1990 Subject The topic of the resource McDonnell Douglas Corporation United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Skylab Program Human factors in engineering design Neutral buoyancy simulation Provisioning Airlock modules Extravehicular mobility units Experimentation Type The nature or genre of the resource Interviews Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 16, Folder 2 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14410/sdsp_skyl_000075_Combined.jpg 81268b29427400f96e13138a211af7a0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000075 Title A name given to the resource Skylab Blueprint "119700." Description An account of the resource This blueprint depicts a working space for the Skylab habitat, and includes work stations, and storage systems. This blueprint also depicts the water storage system for the Skylab habitat. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource Skylab Program Human factors in engineering design Provisioning Experimentation Film Vault Life support systems Airlock modules Type The nature or genre of the resource Reprographic Copies Still Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 22, Folder 34 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14411/sdsp_skyl_000076_001.pdf 9e342fbc4bbc5654e9c49bef4997154e PDF Text Text Sc.-/ • I SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 CST 12:47 GET 17:00 MC10/1 PAO Mark. Standing by now for confirmation of ATM deployment. We're 17 minutes 35 seconds. The deployment motors of the Apollo telescope mount now running. This deploy­ ment sequence in toto takes about 4 minutes. Deployment being activated by two Apollo telescope mount motors which are presently running. We're 18 minutes 20 seconds now ground elapsed time. The booster now being maneuvered to a solar inertial attitude. We're at 19 minutes 10 seconds ground elapsed time. Mark 20 minutes ground elapsed time. We should be less than a minute away now from deployment. Mark 20 minutes 12 seconds ground elapsed time. Our data displays, Mission Control, now show the ATM has deployed and locked. The Apollo telescope mount has been deployed and securely latched. The 24,500 pound ATM reaching out now at a 90»sdegree angle from the orbital workshop. We're at 20 minutes 35 seconds. We've had confirmation. We have data here in Mission Control that the ATM has deployed and latched. Mark 20 minutes 50 seconds. The next event to occur will be the deployment of the four wings of the telescope mount solar array system. We're standing by now for that deployment. Mark, we're at 21 minutes 40 seconds ground elapsed time. Prelim­ inary tracking data shows an orbit for the orbital workshop of 237 nautical miles by 236.3 nautical miles near circular. We repeat 237 nautical miles by 236.3 nautical miles. We're at 24 minutes 30 seconds now ground elapsed time. Continuing with the solar inertial maneuver, reports booster. Twentyfive minutes ground elapsed time. We've got 1 minute until loss of signal with Madrid. Mark, we're 25 minutes 45 seconds. The deployment motors have been turned on. The solar array system wings on the Apollo telescope mount are now extended. Standing by, continuing to monitor. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 CST 12:57 GET 27:00 MC11/1 Mark we're at 26 minutes 30 seconds under acquisition now by an ARIA aircraft following loss of signal with Madrid. Okay, all four Apollo telescope mount solar array wings *re out and securely locked. Mark we're 27 min­ utes 20 seconds now ground elapsed time. The Apollo telescope mount has been deployed and securely latched. The solar array system for the telescope mount, the four wings, has been deployed and securely locked. The next thing we should be seeing in Mission Control - We'll be receiving telemetry data from the tele­ scope mount and this should occur within the next several minutes. We are presently receiving data through an ARIA aircraft beyond Madrid tracking station. Mark 28 minutes 10 seconds. We now show an orbit of 237.1 nautical miles by 236.6 nautical miles for the orbital workshop. Mark 29 minutes 20 seconds. We've had some dropout in data from the ARIA aircraft, presently showing static displays in Mission Control. The procedures officer here working to get locked up on the data at this time. We're at 29 minutes 40 seconds ground elapsed time. We repeat that the Apollo telescope mount has been deployed. The solar array system from the telescope mount also deployed at this time. The next deployto °ocur will be the solar array system for the workshop. ?S ground elapsed time. We presently show an K „ ^ * nautical miles by 236.8 nautical miles for the orbital workshop now in its first revolution. Mark 34 minutes 20 seconds ground elapsed time. Flight Director Don Puddy speaking to his flight control team in mission control saying everything looks good up to this point. We're standing by now for definite indication through ARIA aircraft WP'JiCniS ^ telemetry data from the Apollo telescope mount. We re now at 34 minutes 40 seconds ground elapsed time. Continuing to monitor. This is Skylab Control, Houston. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 CST 13;07 GET 36:00 MC-12/1 PAO This is Skylab Control, Houston, at 36 minutes ground elapsed time, still standing by for a definite indication of receipt of telemetry from the Apollo telescope mount. Following this we will see the deployment of the meteoroid shields and the deployment of the solar array system wings aboard the workshop. Thus far, we've seen the successful activation of the Apollo telescope mount as well as the solar array system for that mount. We're at 36 minutes 35 seconds, continuing to monitor. This is Skylab Control, Houston. PAO This is Skylab Control, Houston; 41 minutes ground elapsed time. We presently show an orbit of 236.2 nautical miles by 237 nautical miles. We are some 12 minutes 26 seconds away now from acquisition Carnarvon at which time we should be able to verify telemetry being received from the Apollo telescope mount. This is Skylab Control, Houston, at 41 minutes 35 seconds ground elapsed time. END OF TAPE SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 CST 13:24 GET 53:00 MC13/1 PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 53 minutes ground elapsed time. We're less than a minute away now from acquisition by Carnarvon tracking. We'll keep the line open. Stand by, continue to monitor. A quick status check in Mission Control by a Flight Director, Don Puddy, led him to say every­ thing looks "super good" so far. We presently show an orbit based on increased tracking data of 236.5 nautical miles by 236.2 nautical miles. Standing by continuing to monitor. This is Skylab Control, Houston. We are now acquiring data through Carnarvon. Booster reports the vehicle is now in solar inertial attitude. We are now receiving telemetry data from the Apollo telescope mount. The Environmental Officer reports the data receiving looks good. The habitation area vent valves have been closed as scheduled. We're now at 55 minutes ground elapsed time. This is Skylab Control, Houston. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 CST 13:29 GET 58:00 MC14/1 PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 59 minutes ground elapsed time. We have no confirmation yet on the deployment of the airlock solar array system. We'll stand by and con­ tinue to monitor at 59 minutes ground elapsed time. This is Skylab Control, Houston. Skylab Control, Houston, at 1 hour 4 minutes ground elapsed time. We're less than a minute away now from acquisition by Honeysuckle. This ke j* very short acquisition time, some 1 minute 11 seconds. Follow­ ing Honeysuckle, the next station to receive data will be Texas, and that would be 30 minutes 30 seconds from this time. We're now at 1 hour 4 minutes ground elapsed time. Continuing to monitor, this is Skylab Control, Houston. We have acqui­ sition through Honeysuckle at this time. We're 1 hour 5 min­ utes ground elapsed time. Skylab Control, Houston, at 1 hour 7 minutes ground elapsed time we've passed out of station contact with Honeysuckle at this time. The next sta­ tion to acquire will be Texas at 27 minutes 42 seconds from this time. We've still received, through data, no definite indication on the airlock solar array system deployment; however, this pass, as well as Carnarvon, was through dark­ ness and the Sun will be the first definite way of giving an indication as to whether or not the airlock module solar array system has been deployed. We would expect to take a good hard look at this through our first stateside pass. We're now at 1 hour 7 minutes ground elapsed time. This is Skylab Control, Houston. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 14:05 CST 1:34 GET MC15/1 PAO This is Skylab Control, Houston, at 1 hour 34 minutes ground elapsed time. Less than a minute away now from acquisition by Texas, We show an orbit of 237,1 nautical miles by 236.2 nautical miles. To quickly recount what we've seen during this first revolution of the workshop orbit. The payload shroud jettisoned on schedule. The ATM Apollo telescope mount has deployed. The solar array system for the ATM has also deployed. We have no indication yet on the deploy­ ment of the two solar array wings attached to the workshop. We will look at this - at display data for about 10 minutes under sunlight on this stateside pass to endeavor to confirm or not confirm that deployment. Given a nonconfirmation, of course, backup commanding could be necessary from the Control Center. We're at 1 hour 35 minutes ground elapsed time. This is Skylab Control, Houston. PAO Skylab Control, Houston, 1 hour 38 minutes ground elapsed time. Flight Director, Don Puddy, talking to the Booster System Engineer here in Mission Control. We have no indication of deployment of the workshop solar array system wings. No indication of deployment of those wings. The Booster now going through some backup command procedures. We've also had an indication of partial deployment of the meteoroid shield. We're at 1 hour 39 minutes ground elapsed time, continuing to monitor. This is Skylab Control, Houston. PAO Skylab Control, Houston. Now 1 hour 40 minutes ground elapsed time. The orbital workshop now on it's first stateside pass since launch and insertion into orbit. We are presently looking at the orbital workshop solar array system. No indication at this time of deployment. The Booster Systems Engineer here in Mission Control going through backup procedures to issue a command for deployment. Standing by, continuing to monitor. This is Skylab Control, Houston. PAO Skylab Control, Houston, now 1 hour 46 minutes ground elapsed time. Continuing to monitor on this first stateside pass, the orbital workshop. Again, we repeat the orbital workshop solar array system wings have not deployed. Command procedures are being followed presently on the ground by the Booster Systems Engineer. Standing by, continuing to monitor. This is Skylab Control, Houston. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 C5T 14:20 GET 1:48 MC16/1 PAO Skylab Control, Houston, now 1 hour 53 minutes ground elapsed time. Receiving good data now through New­ foundland. Booster at this time issuing commands to the workshop. To repeat what we said earlier, the orbital workshop solar array system wings have not yet deployed. Standing by, continuing to monitor. This is Skylab Control, Houston. Skylab Control, Houston, 1 hour 57 minutes ground elapsed time. We now have acquisition with Madrid. Standing by, continuing to monitor. This is Skylab Control, Houston. END OF TAPE SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 CST 14:35 GET 2:03 MC17/1 PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 2 hours 7 minutes ground elapsed time. We've passed out of acquisition with Madrid tracking. The commanding by the booster systems engineer was verified. The commands did get in; however, we still have no indication of deployment of the orbital workshop solar array system wings. It is known, of course, that the commands did get in. At the present time, however, with the Apollo telescope mount solar array system deployed successfully, we do have a power system to support the vehicle. We're now at 2 hours 8 minutes ground elapsed time and this is Skylab Control, Houston. END OF TAPE SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 CST 15:12 GET 2:41 MC18/1 This is Skylab Control. Two hours 41 minutes ground elapsed time in the mission of Skylab 1. Skylab space station now in orbit, coming up on the Honeysuckle, Australia, tracking station. Still some doubt in the minds of Flight Controllers here in Mission Control as to whether the main solar panels on the workshop have indeed deployed. They have had no confirmation on the ground from telemetry that this is the case; the solar panels on the telescope mount have deployed normally. Also, the micrometeoroid shield around the workshop has partially deployed. The large wings of three sections of solar panels on each wing, one on each side of the workshop, generate anywhere from 51 to 125 volts depending on the Sun angle at the time. This power goes through chargers which in turn keeps storage batteries in the workshop built up to supply power throughout the mission, half of each orbit approximately is in darkness when no power can be generated by the solar panels. The two solar panel wings are deployed out to the side of the workshop, and each panel on the wings operates similar to a scissors action. It's spring loaded to extend the panels. We should be getting data now through Honeysuckle. We'll stand by for comments to the Flight Director from the Flight Controllers who are concerned with the workshop electrical power system, and relay this information as it - No change reported in the solar panel wing status. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 15:27 CST 2:56 GET MC19/1 PAO This is Skylab Control. Three minutes 2 hour - Three hours 2 minutes ground elapsed time, and the mission of Skylab 1. Skylab space station now being tracked by the Hawaii tracking station. Waiting for the systems engineers to report the space station status back to the Flight Director as the data comes in. PAO It appears that a plan will be formulated later on in the day and this evening by which the existing available power coming into the Skyiab workshop will be conserved to the greatest extent, on the assumption that we may not be able to get the main solar panels deployed, we'll continue to standby the remainder of the Hawaii pass, which is a fairly low elevation angle. Coming up in a few moments to Goldstone, in approximately 5-1/2 minutes for a fairly lengthy stateside pass over the tracking stations in the contintental United States. At 3 hours 5 minutes ground elapsed time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 15:41 CST 03:10 GET MC20/1 This is Skylab Control, 3 hours 10 minutes, ground elapsed time. Acquisition of signal over Goldstone Tracking Station for the second stateside pass after launch. We'll stand by here as the data comes in for any further developments in the situation in which the main solar panels on the workshop apparently have not deployed. PA0 END OF TAPE SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 4/14/73 15:56 CST 3:24 GET MC-21/1 PAO This is Skylab Control. Three hours 31 min­ utes, ground elapsed time. Skylab space station presently crossing over the combined coverage of Canary Island track­ ing station and Madrid, Spain, tracking station. Flight Controllers, here, continuing to assess the possible effects on the mission on the apparent nondeployment of the large solar panels on the workshop. As the afternoon and evening wears on, there likely will be some considerable amount of sorting out as to what course should be taken to get the most out of the mission. As these facts develop, as the plans are worked out, they will be relayed on over the circuit at 3 hours 32 minutes, ground elapsed time, with some 5 minutes and a half remaining over Madrid. And, standing by; this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 15:00 CST 16:10 GET 3:39 MC22/1 PAO This is Skylab Control, 3 hours 42 minutes, ground elapsed time. Skylab space station now over the hill from the Canary Island tracking station. Thirty-four minutes away from being acquired again by the Honeysuckle, Australia, tracking station. No further resolution at this time on the solar pnel deployment problem, which likely will affect the course of the mission. As the planning develops, on how to best manage the mission for the maximum return, we'll bring these details to you on this circuit. And, at 3 hours 40 minutes, ground elapsed time, on the mission of Skylab 1, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 16:42 CST 4:11 GET MC-23/1 PA0 This is Skylab Control. Four hours 14 min­ utes ground elapsed time - the Skylab space station mission. Here in the Control Center, the problems associated with the failure of the Saturn workshop solar panels to deploy are being discussed, at some length, by management and flight controllers. Preliminary telemetry indications are that there could have been a malfunction with one solar array beam fairing and the meteroid shield, which could have led to such anomalies. These malfunctions are indicated to have occurred 1 minute and 3 seconds after lift-off, based on postlaunch examination of telemetry. The Planned 28-day mission is not possible with«„4. ^PA? out deployment of the workshop main solar panels. Project ° lcl^ls arf considering an alternate mission using the command service module power system to augment the limited power supply provided by the Apollo telescope mount solar panels aboard the workshop, through a system of managing the two power sources for the optimum usage. An announce­ ment will be made as soon as these decisions have been reached. The decision on such an alternate mission is expected to be had by about 9:00 p.m. eastern daylight time, at which time a news conference will be held at the Cape, exPected that Skylab Program Director, Bill cu chnieder, will take part. We're starting to get data, now, through the Honeysuckle, Australia tracking station. This is a rather low elevation angle pass of little over 4 degrees, or approximately - I stand corrected, 86 degrees, the max elevation on this particular pass, almost directly overhead, at Honeysuckle. Almost 9 minutes remaining in this pass across Honeysuckle station. We'll stand by on Skylab Control circuit for the Honeysuckle, followed by Hawaii, and the next stateside pass. At 4 hours 18 minutes ground elapsed time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 15:00 CST 16:57 GET 4:26 MC24/1 PAO This is Skylab Control at 4 hours 28 minutes ground elapsed time, as the Skylab workshop heads across the south-central Pacific toward the Hawaii tracking station coming up in about 8 minutes over that station. To reiterate what was stated before about the current situation in the Skylab-1 mission, preliminary telemetry playback indications are there could have been a malfunction with one solar array beam fairing. That is the cover that is - that houses the solar array beam before it swings outward from the workshop itself. And the meteroid shield, which could have led to the subsequent anomalies that have been witnessed this afternoon. And, namely, the failure of the large solar panels to properly deploy. The malfunction was measured to have taken place 1 minute and 3 seconds after lift-off, based on examination of the telemetry records and tapes played back post-launch. Now, the current posture in the mission is as follows: the planned 28-day mission is not possible without full deployment of the solar panels on the workshop. At the same time, all the other work­ shop systems and deployment sequences are fully nominal. Pro­ ject officials are considering an alternate mission, using the power supply aboard the command service module to augment, or supply additional power to the workshop, through managing of the various electrical buses aboard. The ATM solar panels are deployed, and are generating power. This power supply, tied with that brought up by the command module when it docks with the workshop, would supply power for a reduced mission. However, an announcement will be made as soon as a decision on how the mission will be managed. This decision on alternate mission is expected by about 9 o'clock Eastern Daylight Time. Our news conference at Kennedy Space Center newsroom, with Skylab Program Director, Bill Schneider, will take place at this time. Five minutes out from Hawaii, and at 4 hours 32 minutes, ground elapsed time. This is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 17:12 CST 04:41 GET MC25/1 PAO This is Skylab Control, 4 Hours 48 minutes, ground elapsed time. Skylab space station now being tracked by the Goldstone tracking station in the Mohave Desert, California. No apparent change in the mission status at this time. The large solar panels on the workshop still undeployed. And among the considerations to be looked at later in the evening by the Mission Director and other members of management on the Skylab team, will be whether or not to launch Skylab 2 on schedule tommorow, or to delay the manned mission until some later time, after a new flight plan for a shortened mission can be formulated and designed. At 4 hours 49 minutes, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 17:45 CST 05:14 GET MC26/1 PAO This is Skylab Control, 5 hours 14 minutes, ground elapsed time, in the mission of the Skylab space station, presently over the Canary Island tracking station. Some 3 minutes remaining until loss of signal, crossing over into Ascension Island tracking station coverage. At 5 hours and 9 minutes, ground elapsed time, it was reported that the Skylab workshop has settled down into solar inertial attitude, that is, that the Apollo telescope mount portion points at the Sun continuosly. To recap again the current posture in this mission, it appears that a malfuntion in one of the fairings covering the solar arrays on Saturn workshop may have malfunctioned at about a minute and 3 seconds after lift-off. Playback of the telemetry data has shown that there was an apparent malfunction of this fairing, also, the meteoroid shield malfunctioned at the same time. As it stands now, the planned 28-day mission for Skylab 2, still scheduled for launch tomorrow, at this time, would not be possible for the full 28 days without deploy­ ment of the workshop solar panels. Skylab program officials are looking at all of the alternate missions that would be feasible and possible to conduct. The main guiding factor would be the amount of electrical power available from the fully deployed, and presently generating Apollo telescope mount solar panels, put together with the power available from the command service module, when it docks with the cluster. The decision on whether to continue with a some­ what abbreviated mission tomorrow on schedule, or whether a delay is necessary to regroup, will be made later in the evening. Decisions on alternate missions, on an abbreviated mission, is expected around 9:00 eastern daylight time. A news conference with Skylab Program Manager, Bill Schneider, is expected to take place at 9:00 o'clock eastern time at the Kennedy Space Center newsroom. That is currently the status in the mission of Skylab 1, the Skylab space station. And at 5 hours 18 minutes, ground elapsed time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000076 Title A name given to the resource "Skylab Mission Commentary 5/14/73 1:10 CST 18:04 GET 5:32 MC27/1" - "Skylab Mission Commentary 5/15/73 1:20 CST MC38/1." Description An account of the resource This mission commentary depicts the initial discovery of Skylab 1's Orbital Workshop Solar arrays not deploying as intended. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-05-14 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource John F. Kennedy Space Center Skylab Program Skylab 1 Apollo Telescope Mount Type The nature or genre of the resource Transcripts Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 17, Folder 1 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14412/sdsp_skyl_000077_001.pdf 2d5a9acc6123c5f762d4a089ebb60f0e PDF Text Text <=5*- I SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 1:10 CST 18:04 GET 5:32 MC27/1 PAO This is Skylab Control at 5 hours 32 minutes, ground elapsed time, in the mission of Skylab 1, currently over the southern tip of the African continent. There's been a change in the expected time of the press conference with Skylab Program Director, Bill Schneider, Cape Kennedy newsroom. It will now be no earlier than 10 p.m. eastern daylight time, instead of the earlier predicted 9 p.m. That is a 1 hour delay in the press conference with Skylab Program Director, Bill Schneider, at Kennedy Space Center newsroom. At 5:33, ground elapsed time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 18:45 CST 6:15 GET MC28/1 PAO This is Skylab Control, 6 hours 15 min­ utes into the mission of Skylab 1. A little over a minute, now, until acquisition at the Hawaii tracking station. A matter of interest on this pass on Hawaii will be some attitude ex­ cursions that were noticed just as we left Honeysuckle station, where the vehicle apparently drifted off inertial solar inertial attitude. As we come across Hawaii, the gyros aboard the spacecraft and the spacecraft attitude will be examined closely by telemetry to see if the vehicle has returned to the desired attitude, or whether it's still drifting. To repeat again an earlier announcement, the press conference with Skylab Program Director, Bill Schneider at Kennedy Space Center newsroom has been delayed to no earlier than 10:00 p.m. eastern daylight time. That would be 9:00 p.m. central. We'll stand by here as the Skylab workshop attitude problem is sorted out during this Hawaii pass and the subsequent stateside pass. At 6:16 ground elapsed time, this is Skylab Control. PAO This is Skylab Control. The guidance con­ troller here in the control room has confirmed that the vehicle has returned to solar inertial attitude. However, there are some apparent problems in some of the gyros which control the spacecraft attitude. Flight controllers are continuing to sort out these problems at this time. Some 2 minutes remaining until we have loss of signal at Hawaii, 9 minutes out of Goldstone for a stateside pass on this fourth revolution of the Skylab space station. At 6:19 and standing by, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 20:15 CST 7:45 GET MC29/1 PAO This is Skylab Control, 7 hours, 44 minutes ground elapsed time. Skylab orbital workshop presently over the Guam tracking station, with some 5 minutes remaining during this pass over the Western Pacific. Skylab Program Director Bill Schneider has issued the following statement. "The launch of Skylab 2, the manned launch, has been recycled for 5 days to Sunday, May 20, because of the incidents which occurred during the Skylab 1 deployment. The recycling will permit further evaluation of alternative flight plans to maximize scientific returns from the Skylab mission." Program Director Bill Schneider will hold a press conference at 9 p.m. central daylight time at Kennedy Space Center newsroom. At the Houston end, the Flight Director, who has been on the flight director console during most of the day, Don Puddy, will take part in the small briefing room in the building 1 news center at Johnson Space Center. To repeat the statement issued by Skylab Program Director Bill Schneider: "The launch of Skylab 2 has been recycled for 5 days, to Sunday, May 20, because of the incidents which occurred during Skylab 1 deployment. This will permit further evaluation of alternative flight plans to maximize scientific returns from the Skylab mission." Some 45 minutes away from the press conference, 9 p.m. central, 10 p.m. eastern daylight time, with participants at Houston and Kennedy Space Center. We understand that the prime crew of Skylab 2, will return to Houston tomorrow. At 7 hours 47 minutes, ground elapsed time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 20:47 CST 08:15 GET MC30/1 PAO This is Skylab Control, 8 hours 15 minutes, ground elapsed time, in the Skylab 1 mission. Skylab orbital workshop presently over the Texas tracking station, nearing the end of the fifth Earth orbit. Re­ minder to newsmen, both at Kennedy Space Center and Houston, some 15 minutes away from a press conference, which will have participants at both ends, Houston-Cape line. Skylab Program Director Bill Schneider will be at Kennedy Space Center; Flight Director Don Puddy and Gene Kranz, who's chief of the Johnson Space Center Flight Control division will take part in Houston. The oncoming Flight Director, Milt Windier, went around the room, talking to the flight controllers and asking them to examine ways to get the most out of a reduced power situation for the modified mission, which will be resumed on the delayed launch of Skylab 2. To repeat the earlier statement by Skylab Program Director Bill Schneider, "The launch of Skylab 2 has been recycled for 5 days to Sunday, May 20, because of the incidents which occurred during Skylab 1 deployment. This will permit further evaluation of alternative flight plans to maximize scientific return from the Skylab mission." The prime crew for Skylab 2 will return to Houston, Tuesday morning. Thirteen minutes until the press conference starts and at 8 hours 18 minutes, ground elapsed time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 23:00 CST MC31/1 PAO This is Skylab Control. Ten hours 30 minutes ground elapsed time. The mission of Skylab 1 presently off the southern tip of the African continent and the island of Madagascar. At the beginning of the seventh earth orbit or revolution, which ever term you prefer. The cabin pressurization sequence, which had been underway, has been terminated for the time being to allow some thermal responses to balance out. We have no estimate yet as to when the pressurization will be resumed. But at the time the sequence was stopped over the Vanguard tracking ship which is hove to off the southeast coast of South America, the pressure was at 1.9 pounds in the habitable area of the Skylab space station. We're some 51 minutes out now from the next station which will be Goldstone. The next two REVs, there will be only Hawaii and Vanguard which will track the space­ craft. Flight director Milt Windier is having numerous conversations with the individual flight controllers and sorting out how best to manage the resources available. Still tracking the gyro problems in the ATM guidance system. And at 10 hours 32 minutes ground elapsed time this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/14/73 2350CST MC32/1 PAO This is Skylab Control at 11 hours 20 min­ utes. During the last few minutes here in Mission Control, Flight Director Milton Windier has accepted a recommendation from the Marshall Space Flight Center to make an attitude change in the Skylab workshop. This change will, in effect, change the attitude or the angle at which the Sun is shining on the side of the workshop. Now what we're finding is that as a result of the loss of the micrometeorite shield or panels, the thermal characteristics of the workshop now are different than had been planned. Normally, with those micrometeorite shields in place, they are coated with a coating that reflects sunlight. The workshop itself is not coated with the same reflective materials. Consequently, the amount of solar energy absorbed is higher and we're watching an increase in the temperature. There is no concern in that temperature increase at the present time, but in order to keep it from going beyond acceptable limits, the workshop will be placed in an attitude that directs the Sun more toward the end of the vehicle, the end at which the command module would be docked once the rendezvous and docking is accomplished. At the present time, the workshop is in an attitude with the Sun shining directly on the solar panels of the ATM, the Apollo telescope mount, this also places the Sun shining directly on the side of the workshop. The plan is to pitch up about 90 degrees, again placing the Sun more toward the end of the multiple docking adapter, to stay in this attitude for one revolution and then to pitch back 45 degrees in a compromise attitude which con­ tinues to reduce the amount of solar energy absorbed by the workshop, but also places the solar panels in more of an opportune position to provide the electrical current necessary for operating the vehicle and reducing any unnecessary drain on the batteries. This maneuver is going to be performed over Goldstone. We're about 15 seconds now from regaining radio contact with the workshop over the Goldstone tracking station. It will take about 13 minutes maneuvering with the attitude control system to place the vehicle in the desired attitude. We're standing by for confirmation that the attitude change has begun. We expect that to begin momentarily. This is Skylab Control, we have a relatively low elevation pass over Goldstone; we're waiting for a good solid telemetry lockup before the command is initiated to begin that attitude change. We're getting solid data now and we're getting a recommendation to go ahead and attempt to command the attitude change. We have about 1-1/2 minute of acquisition remaining at Goldstone. Once this command is initiated, the 13 minute maneuver is an automatic maneuver. This is Skylab Control, we've had loss of signal through Goldstone without getting the command initiated to make that attitude change. We did not get the solid data from the ATM that we thought we needed to initiate that maneuver, and we'll take a look at the situation over Vanguard, how­ ever, scheduled to acquire there in about 17 minutes. And we'll attempt to get the necessary data lockon and get the command initiated at that point. This is Skylab Control at 11 hours 31 minutes. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB I MISSION COMMENTARY 5/15/73 CST 00:15 GET 135:05:15 MC-33/1 PAO This is Skylab Control at 11 hours 45 minutes. Now, we have reacquired the workshop over the tracking station at Vanguard. And, we're standing by to confirm we've got good data. Valid data will allow flight controllers here in Mission Control to send the proper command to initiate an attitude change maneuver. This maneuver again will be - it's about a 13 minute maneuver using the thruster attitude control system on the workshop. Pitching up 90 degrees, this will change the angle at which the Sun is striking the side of the workshop, an attempt to control the temperatures in the vehicle. We do now have confirmation that we've got attitude data, and that the attitude looks good on the orbital workshop. PAO We've got a confirmation now of good solid lockup on the data. PAO This is Skylab Control. We again have intermittent data and Flight Director Milton Windier has elected to hold the maneuver until we've got solid data. We have about 6 minutes remaining in this pass over the tracking ship Vanguard. PAO This is Skylab Control. We have a little less than 1 minute of acquisition time remaining over Vanguard. And, we have not at this point resumed solid enough data lock to go ahead with the commanded maneuver change for the workshop. And we will be reacquiring in about an hour at Hawaii. During this pass over Vanguard, the instrumentation communications engineer has been going through a number of troubleshooting procedures to determine the nature of the data problem, to tie it down to either an onboard or a ground station problem, and to determine the proper workaround, as they say. And we now show that we've had loss of signal at Vanguard, we're predicting acquisition at Hawaii in 58 minutes 26 seconds. This is Skylab Control at 11 hours 55 minutes. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/15/73 01:26 CST 12:56 GET MC34/1 PAO This is Skylab Control at 12 hours 56 minutes. We have now acquired the orbital workshop on its eighth revolution over the Hawaii tracking station. We have good solid data and we've commanded the start of the maneuver which will change the spacecraft attitude the workshop attitude for improved thermal control. And that maneuver is scheduled to require about 13 minutes. We have a report that it is progressing smoothly at this time. And we have about 4 minutes 45 seconds of acquisition remaining at Hawaii. We will be reacquiring at Vanguard about 21 minutes after we lose contact in Hawaii. The attitude control change, the attitude change that is being made at this time, is to place the Sun more end - on to the spacecraft. The normal attitude has the ATM, the Apollo telescope mount, solar panels pointed directly at the Sun. This also has the Sun shining directly on the side of the orbital workshop. Without the micrometeoroid panels, which have a thermal coating on them to reflect solar heat - solar energy, we're finding some increases in temperature within the workshop. As a means of getting an assessment of this temperature increase and controlling it, the attitude change is being made. The plan is to leave the spacecraft in the pitched up attitude, pitching up 90 degrees from the present attitude, leaving it in this position for 1 revolution; then pitching back to an atti­ tude midway between the initial attitude and the pitched up attitude and holding it there for one revolution, and then returning to the normal attitude with the ATM solar panels again pointed directly at the Sun. This maneuver is being accomplished with the thruster attitude control system, controlled by the ATM. pAO This is Skylab Control. We've lost radio contact now with the spacecraft as it passes over the horizon from the Hawaiian tracking station. And we'll be reacquiring in about 20 minutes over the tracking ship Vanguard in the south Atlantic off the coast of South America. Over Hawaii we had good solid data. We commanded the orbital workshop to begin an automatic attitude change. That maneuver was progressing smoothly as we lost radio contact. It will go to completion. The total maneuver is scheduled to take about 13 minutes, and we'll be able to confirm the new attitude over Vanguard. At the present time, our plan is to discontinue commentary operations following the Vanguard pass. The Houston News Center is scheduled to reopen at 6 a.m., at which time commentary operations will be resumed. This is Skylab Control at 13 hours 4 minutes. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB I MISSION COMMENTARY 5/15/73 CST 02:20 GET 13:32 MC-35/1 PAO This is Skylab Control. The orbital workshop now is starting its 9th revolution of the Earth. And, we've just completed a 9 minute pass over the tracking ship Vanguard. During that pass we received solid telemetry data from the spacecraft, and verified that the vehicle had maneuvered to the desired attitude, pitching up 90 degrees from the normal attitude at which the ATM solar panels are pointed directly at the Sun. The new attitude has the multiple docking adapter end of the vehicle pointing at the Sun. The ATM solar panels are parallel to the Sun's rays and receiving little or no solar energy. During this period of time, the vehicle is being powered from stored battery power. We plan to stay in this attitude for 1 revolution, allowing the temperatures to drop on the orbital workshop. These temperatures running higher that normal, due to the apparent loss of the meteoroid panels, which in addition to protecting against meteoroid impacts, also have an effect on the way in which the vehicle absorbs and radiates thermal energy from the Sun. And we're seeing, consequently, an increase in temperatures. Engineers here in the Control Center and in the Marshall Space Flight Center are interested in watching the temperature curve as the temperatures come back down to determine the total amount of thermal energy absorbed by the workshop. During this period of time, the pressurization of the orbital workshop has been terminated; we're holding at 2 pounds internal pressure. And once we've gotten a better indication of what the total thermal energy absorbed by the workshop is, we'll continue that pressurization up to the desired 5 pounds per square inch. The plan again, is to hold at the current attitude for 1 revolution and then to pitch up to an intermediate atti­ tude where we're about 45 degrees pitched up instead of the current 90 degrees. At a 45 degree angle, it'll be a compro­ mise attitude with some solar energy being supplied striking the solar panels, and a portion of the energy, still supply electrical energy still supplied by the batteries, staying in this attitude for 1 revolution before returning to the normal attitude with the ATM solar panels pointing directly at the Sun. At this time we will terminate commentary operations. The Houston News Center will also be closing at this time. We will be reopening at 6 AM. This is Skylab Control at 13 hours 36 minutes. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB I MISSION COMMENTARY 5/15/73 CST 06:53 GET 18:23 MC-36/1 PAO This is Skylab Control. Eighteen hours, 23 minutes since Skylab 1 lift-off. Skylab attitude control has just been shifted to the control moment gyros. Skylab now over the Vanguard tracking ship on the 12th revolution of the Earth. Prior to this time, attitude control has been provided by the thruster attitude control system, the RACS. The control moment gyros are fully spun up now, and just a few minutes ago, additive control was transferred to the gyros. Temperatures on structural members in the orbital workshop continue to run near or slightly in excess of 100 degrees. The orbital cluster was taken out of the solar inertial attitude for two revolutions during the night to allow readings from several temperature sensors which had gone off the scale. This temperature data is being used by the Marshall Space Flight Center in a thermal model in an attempt to determine how serious the problem is and to develop a plan to manage the thermal profile. Skylab, now, is back in a solar inertial attitude. The ATM telescope is unpowered at the present time, and the cluster pressure is holding at 1.9 pounds per square inch - decision having been made that there is no reason at this time to go to the full 5-PSI pressure. At 18 hours 25 minutes, ground elapsed time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/15/73 7:35 CST 19:05 GET MC37/1 PAO This is Skylab Control at 19 hours 4 minutes since Skylab 1 lift-off. Flight director Neil Hutchinson, who has been leading the overnight shift of flight controllers monitoring the Skylab workshop, will hold a status briefing in the small briefing room at the Johnson Space Center News Center at 8:15 a.m. central daylight time; 8:15 a.m. central daylight time, briefing by Neil Hutchinson, flight director on the overnight shift. We've been informed that the Skylab 2 crew plans to leave the Kennedy Space Center at 9 a.m. central daylight time for their return to Houston. This is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SKYLAB MISSION COMMENTARY 5/15/73 1:20 CST MC38/1 PAO This is the Skylab News Center at KSC. The engineering investigation of the inflight anomaly for Skylab and the effect on subsequent mission activities continues at the Marshall Spaceflight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. No new information has been uncovered which reveals the cause of the failure of the micrometeoroid shield during launch and the apparent subsequent fouling of the workshop solar array. The data continues to be analyzed by the engineering team. The data is somewhat incomplete in real time, since some of the events occurred between station passes and the tape telemetry data must be dumped at a ground station, processed and then analyzed. The analysis of the thermal and electrical systems effects continues on an intensive basis. The ATM solar arrays continue to work properly and there is no significant change in the status of the workshop solar panels. They are still in a partially extended position with no new estimate of the extent of their deployment. The thermal condition of the spacecraft is more troublesome than had been anticipated last evening. The meteoroid shield, in addition to providing a protection against small punctures, was painted in such a manner to provide a temperature balance in the spacecraft on the external skin. The two effects have been found to have contradictory mission requirements; that is to maximize the electrical power available, it's desired to point the solar arrays at the Sun constantly; however, this is the cause, this causes the skin of the now unprotected OWS to heat up excessively. Engineering evaluation and computer analysis is currently under way to find an optimum combina­ tion of solar oriented and nonsolar oriented orbit. The flight support team at JSC and MFSC, that's Johnson Space Center and the Marshall Space Flight Center, are continuing in their tasks of trying to develop an optimum flight plan for Skylab 2. Obviously the experiment activity which will be possible depends upon the resolution of the electrical and thermal questions. These resolutions are expected prior to the launch of Skylab 2 now scheduled for Sunday, May 20, 1973, at approximately 11 a.m. eastern daylight time. Preparations at the Kennedy Space Center are proceeding accordingly. By Saturday afternoon a full understanding of the technical situation will be available and an assess­ ment of the mission impact will be made. The decision to launch or not to launch will be made at that time. Skylab Program Director, William Schneider, will be available at the Kennedy Space Center auditorium for a brief news con­ ference at 3 p.m. eastern daylight time today, that's a little over a half an hour from now. The Skylab Program Director, William Schneider will be available for a brief news conference at the News Center at KSC today. END OF TAPE � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000077 Title A name given to the resource "Skylab Mission Commentary 5/14/73 1:10 CST 18:04 GET 5:32 MC27/1" - "Skylab Mission Commentary 5/15/73 1:20 CST MC38/1." Description An account of the resource This mission commentary depicts NASA's attempts to alleviate some of the temperature issues caused by the broken micrometeoroid shield on Skylab 1. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-05-14 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource John F. Kennedy Space Center Skylab Program Skylab 1 Apollo Telescope Mount Multiple docking adapters Manned Spacecraft Center (U.S.) George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Type The nature or genre of the resource Transcripts Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 17, Folder 1 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14413/sdsp_skyl_000078_001.pdf 761f456bfafd9abffa9d0b4f8a0e7c0f PDF Text Text SL II MC 1/1 Time: 6:32 a.m. CDT, T-01:25:00 GET 5/25/73 L PAO This is Skylab Launch Control T minus 1 hour 25 minutes and counting. Just completed at the T minus 1 hour and 30 minute mark were a simulated first motion signal test. During this test the simulated signal indicating first motion is sent to the Eastern Test Range and also to the Mission Control Center in Houston. During the actual lift-off this first motion signal starts the countdown clock in the plus time at those two areas. Recently completed were checks of the emergency detection system. This is a system that is designed to sense and react to any emergency situation resulting from a launch vehicle malfunction during the early portion of the powered flight. During most of the first stage flight the EDS, as it's called, provides the capability for automatically aborting the mission. The auto abort system is turned on at lift-off and disabled by the crew about 2 minutes into the flight. The system senses such things as loss of thrust in first stage engines or excessive rates in pitch or yaw. The test takes about 30 minutes, it's conducted with the spacecraft commander, Pete Conrad, and the launch vehicle people here in the firing room. During the test, simulated emergency conditions are sent to the vehicle and lights in the spacecraft light indicating what the nature of the emergency is. We have one more hold planned in the countdown, that's at the T minus 15 minute mark. Nominally that will be for 2 minutes duration. AT that time the clock will be updated to correspond with the orbiting Skylab overhead. The close out crew at the white room area is securing now for their cabin purge and leak checks. Every­ thing continues to move along smoothly there. Now for a status report from the Mission Control we go to Houston. PAO This is Skylab Control at Houston at minus 1 hour 24 minutes and continuing with the count. In the Mission Control Center two teams of flight controllers now on station at their consoles proceeding toward the launch of Skylab 2. The crimson team of flight controllers headed by Flight Director Don Puddy managing the orbital workshop systems, and the purple team headed by Flight Director Phil Shaffer, which will be in control for the manned launch and rendezvous phase of the flight. The Saturn workshop is presently in an orbit of 239 nautical miles by 234 nautical miles. An average workshop cabin temperature now reading 120 degrees. At the time of ignition, the workshop will have passed directly overhead and should be approximately 780 nautical miles downrange at the time of ignition. Flights Dynamics advises that Skylab 2 will be launched with an azimuth of 47.58 degrees. CAECQM^for our launch will be Astronaut Dick Truly.... We're at 1 hour 23 minutes, continuing with the count at Mission Control Houston, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC2/1 Time: 07:02 a.m. CDT, T-00:55:00 GET 5/25/73 PAO This is Skylab Launch Control we're at T minus 55 minutes and counting. T minus 55 and counting in the first manned mission in the Skylab program. The closeout crew at the pad is now clearing the pad area. Before leavinq, the pad leader confirmed that the white room area had been com­ pletely secured, all loose equipment removed and stowed and the tool and supply cabinet secured. There is an environ­ mental control hood which attaches between the white room area and the spacecraft. That's also now been secured. He reported back that the white room now ready for swing arm retract. This will happen at the T minus 45 minute mark in the countdown and actually the swing arm will come back to what is called the 12 degree position. This is the standby or park position. And it will remain there until the final minutes in the launch. At T minus 5 minutes it will swing back to the fully retracted position. Also underway at this time the superintendent of range operations calling in to Bill Schick the Test Supervisor indicating that the launch danger area has been declared clear for a launch. In the spacecraft itself pilot of the mission, Paul Weitz been working with ground controllers on spacecraft communications fre­ quency and power readouts. Weitz selected as an astronaut in 1966 was a member of the astronaut support crew for Apollo 12. That Apollo 12 mission also commanded by Pete Conrad. Weitz ^ \,degree tn aeronautical engineering. He's a Commander in the Navy with approximately 4000 hours of flying time. Our weather at this time is generally cloudy in the launch area, however, some of that cloud is expected to dissipate during the next hour. For launch time the weather men are predicting broken clouds. These will be in several layers. 5 5uPSv.° upper layers expected to be about 15,000 feet and the base of the lower layer is about 6,000 feet. Winds at launch time are expected to be approximately 10 knots from the southwest and the temperature about 78 degrees Fahrenheit. Closeout crew now cleared the area. T minus 53 minutes 40 seconds and counting this is Kennedy Launch Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC3/1 Time: 07:13 a.m. CDT, T-00:45:00 GET 5/25/73 PAO This is Skylab Launch Control; we're at T minus 45 minutes and counting. We'll expect the swing arm to be retracted shortly. Mark there comes the swing arm, moving back to the park position; this is a 12 degree park position, approximately 10 to 15 feet from the vehicle. It will remain there now until approximately 5 minutes in the countdown, and at that time it will be moved back to the full retract position. Also underway at this time are interroga­ tions of the C-band beacons. These are two beacons aboard the instrument unit of the vehicle. During this test these are simply checked, the beacons are checked to insure that they are being tracked and will be tracked during the powered phase of flight. During powered flight the beacons give position data as well as speed and acceleration. Now that the swing arm has come back, the launch escape system atop the command module will be armed. Stoney, Astronaut Bob Crippen, will position the mobile launcher elevators at the 320-foot level in what is called the egress mode. The - Bob Crippen is the Astronaut communicator name that is called, he is called Stoney, will be in the Launch Control Center. Crippen was also a member of the crew which entered the altitude chamber for the Medical Experiments Altitude Test, 56-day test run in Houston last July. A short time from now we expect the science pilot, Joseph Kerwin. We'll begin arming the service module reaction control system. To do this, he actually opens valves and allows the hypergolic fuels to flow down through the lines down to the engines. The countdown has proceeded very smoothly this morning. Now at T minus 43 minutes 4 sec­ onds and counting, this is Kennedy Launch Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC4/1 Time: 07:30 a.m. CDT, T-00:27:00 GET 5/25/73 PAO This is Skylab Launch Control. T-27 minutes 59 seconds and counting. Preflight command system tests for the mission control center in Houston have just been completed. Also just completed at this time was a final level adjustment of RPl, the fuel used in the first stage. RP1 is actually loaded prior to the countdown demonstration test and replenished last night before cryogenic loading. This level adjustment made here during the final hour of the count is necessary to take into account temperature and humidity and to assure us a full flight load. Cryogenic loading of course, also completed earlier this morning and topping continues. The astronaut crew completing their preflight check list in the command module at this time. Now we'll switch to Houston for a status from the Mission Control Center. PAO This is Skylab Control Houston at -27 minutes and counting. Flight director Don Puddy of the workshop team is going around the Horn with his team in the mission control center for a GO/NO GO for Skylab launch based on orbital workshop data. Given a GO at this time for the launch of Skylab II. The workshop is now passed out of range of the Honeysuckle tracking station. The next station to acquire will be Texas on this the 156 revolution. Meanwhile the Shaffer team of flight controllers has been given a GO for the start of the terminal count which is now in progress. The displays of mission control center in Houston now selected for the launch of Skylab II. At -26 minutes and continuing with the count, this is Skylab Control Houston. SL II MC 5/1 Time: 7:36 a.m. CDT, T-00:21:59 GET 5/25/73 pAO This is Skylab Launch Control passing the T minus 22 minute mark in the countdown for the first manned mission in Skylab. Science Pilot Joseph Kerwin at this time reading out temperatures, pressures, and quantities in the service module reaction control system quadrant. Cryo­ genic fuels aboard the launch vehicle continue to be topped. We have one more hold as we aim toward our 9:00 a.m. lift-off. That's a nominally 2 minute hold and we're coming to the T minus 15 minute mark. Our countdown continuing to go smoothly at this time, T minus 21 minutes 30 seconds and counting, this is Kennedy Launch Control. END OF TAPE �SL-H MC6/1 Time: 07:42 a.m. CDT, T-15 min GET 5/25/73 PAO This is Skylab Launch Control we're now at the 15 minute mark in the count, T minus 15 minutes and holding this is a planned hold period nominally for 2 minutes. It's a final clock adjustment to assure lift-off at the proper time in conjunction with the orbiting Skylab overhead. Interrogation of radar beacon number 1 has just been com­ pleted. When we come out of this hold at the T minus 15 min­ ute mark the spacecraft will go to full internal power. Actually the fuel cells have been supporting the spacecraft at this time but they have also had a backup of ground support power. In the command module the crew completing their checks They actually on their display panels have some 24 instru­ ments, 566 switches, 40 event indicators and over 70 lights. Inside the command module they have approximately 70 cubic feet per man. This is a little larger. A little more room than one would have in a compact car. Once they get into Skylab, however, that will change considerably. They will actually have about 59 times the volume in Skylab that they have to work in in the command module. At this time Stony, the astronaut communicator Bob Crippen here in the Launch Control Center, the Launch Operations Manager, Paul Donnelly and the Spacecraft Test Conductor, Bob Reed have switched to the astro launch circuit for communications checks. This is the circuit which will be used by the astronaut crew and these members at launch time. When he came aboard this morning Astronaut Pete Conrad commented that he hoped the launch team planned to blow the clouds away by 9 a.m. The clouds, in fact are breaking up somewhat at this time. Bob Reed, the Space­ craft Test Conductor, indicated that if the clouds weren't all blown away he was sure that they would do it as they lifted off. We're preparing to pick up the countdown now. Mark T minus 15 minutes and counting. This is Kennedy Launch Control. SL-II MC7/1 Time: 7:47 a.m. CDT, T-00:10 GET 5/25/73 crew now making some quick voice Cryogenic topping continues. Swing arm number 9 in the standby position. It will be moved back to the full retract at T-5 minutes. Now T-10 minutes 42 seconds and counting. This is Kennedy Launch Control. PA0 qw?niVn The their END OF TAPE aj ;troccT circuit- �SL-II MC8/1 Time: 7:49 a.m. CDT, T-9 min GET 5/25/73 PA0 This is Skylab Launch Control crew finish­ ing up now in their checks on communications. Launch Oper­ ations Manager Paul Donnelly wishing the crew good luck, God's speed and good sailing. Now T minus 9 minutes 47 seconds and counting this is Kennedy Launch Control. SL-II MC9/1 Time: 7:54 a.m. CDT, T-7 min GET 5/25/73 PAO This is Skylab Launch Control we're passing the 6 minute mark in the countdown now. Various personnel now reporting in to the spacecraft test supervisor Bill Schick that they are ready and GO for launch. Bob Reed the spacecraft test conductor has indicated that the spacecraft is GO. Launch operations manager Paul Donnelly reports GO and the director of launch operations Walter Kapryan also has reported GO for a launch. Final computer programs are now being run to place the launch vehicle in a launch mode. In the space­ craft the final action to be taken there will be at the T minus 4 minute mark. Paul Weitz will turn on the spacecraft batteries and at T minus 45 seconds, the last action to be taken by the crew will be taken by Pete Conrad when he makes a final guidance alinement. We're coming up now to the 5 minute mark. At that time the swing arm, swing arm number 9 will come back to the full retrack position. Actually for the Saturn-IB there are only 5 swing arms. The number 9 designation comes from the earlier launches using this same mobile launcher, using the Saturn-V. Swing arm now coming back to the full retrack position. It will remain in that full retrack position now for the rest of the countdown. At T minus 3 minutes and 7 seconds the count will go on the automatic sequencer and will be carried out automatically from that time on. Now at T minus 4 minus 39 seconds and counting this is Kennedy Launch Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-10/1 Time; 7;57 a.m. CDT, T-3 min GET 5/25/73 PAO This is Skylab Launch Control. The launch sequence has started. We're now on the automatic sequencer, and the countdown will be run now by that automatic sequencer. The number of functions are carried out by the sequencer, and they must be carried out in the proper order, or they would be automatically shut down. Also, at the same time, the launch crew here in the firing room will continue to monitor their various readout temperatures, checking the gages for pressures and rates. They could override the sequencer if necessary. At the T-3 minute and 6 second mark, the automatic sequencer terminated the liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen replenishing. These cryogenic fuels have been being replenished since fueling was actually completed early this morning. After this termination the fuel tanks will be pressurized. Actually pressurization has now started. The second stage liquid oxygen tank has now been pressurized, and the first stage fuel tank also has been pressurized. Now passing the 2 minute mark in the countdown. The vents closing and the pressurization is taking place on the 2 stages of the Saturn IV. At the T-l minute 15 second mark, Paul Weitz will trip two switches in the command module, placing the spacecraft batteries on line. These batteries will give added support to the fuel cells and also act as a backup to the fuel cells. Fuel cells also on line at this time. T-l minute 30 seconds and counting. Our count­ down continues to go smoothly. Also during the automatic sequence we'll switch to internal power. We've been carrying the power from a ground source up to this point to save on the flight batteries. At T-50 seconds in the count, we'll switch to internal power and stay on internal power for the remainder of the count. We are approaching the 1 minute mark in our countdown. MARK T— END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-11/1 Time 08:01 a.m. CDT, T-l min GET 5/25/73 PAO Countdown MARK; T-l min., 1 minute and counting in the launch of the first manned mission in Skylab. T-50 seconds, T minus 50 seconds, and cb76g. And we are now going to internal power, all stages switching to internal power, stages now and fuel tanks pressurized. Approaching the 30-second mark in countdown. At 30 seconds water will begin spraying on the deck of the mobile launcher. T minus 30 seconds, and the countdown continuing to go smoothly. The Skylab, itself, orbiting some 780 nautical miles northeast of KSC, at this time. T-17 seconds and counting, T-15. At T-3.1 second we'll expect the engine sequence to start on the vehicle. T-7, 6, 5, 4, 3, engine sequence start, 2, 1, 0. We have launch commit and we have lift-off. The clock is running and Skylab has cleared the tower. SC Tower and Houston, Skylab II, we fix anything, we've got a pitch and a roll program. PAO Houston is now controlling. cc The thrust is going all engines. SC Boy, is that a smooth ride. PAo Twenty five seconds pitch and roll program started. Skylab now maneuvering to its proper flight path attitude. MARK 35 seconds, 1 nautical mile in altitude. Given a green by-range safety. MARK 45 seconds, cabin pres­ sure relieving, adjusting now from sea level to a space environment. MARK 50 seconds, 2 nautical miles in altitude. SC And roll is complete, Houston. CC Roger. Standby for mode-1 BRAVO. MARK, 1 BRAFG SC Roger. Propellant ... as RCS ... CC Roger. PAO MARK, 1 minute 8 seconds roll program completed CC Skylab, Houston, you're feet wet. SC Roger, feet wet. PAO That call out from Capcom Dick Truly, says Skylab, now, capable of water landing. One minute, 20 seconds, passing through the period of maximum aerodynamic pressure on the vehicle. One minute 25 seconds, 8 nautical miles in altitude. MARK, 1 minute 35 seconds pass through MAX Q, Skylab still flying steady on all 8 engines. SC JEDS (garble) engine, launch vehicle rates are all off. ... CC Roger, stand by for mode 1 Charlie. MARK, your 1 mode, Charlie. SC 1 Charlie. �SL-II MC-11/2 Time: 08:01 a.m. CDT, T-l min GET 5/25/73 PAO The status check in mission control by Flight Director Phil Shaffer, a GO no GO for staging. Given a GO, for staging. CC You're GO for staging, you're looking good. PAO MARK, 2 minutes, 6 seconds, 21 nautical miles in altitude, 20 nautical miles downrange, velocity now reading, 5947 feet per second. Coming up now on staging and shutdown. PAO Center engine shutdown. Seven outboards out. SC All right, I've got an S-IVB light Houston, and a nice staging. CC Roger, that. PAO MARK, 2 minutes, 35 seconds, staging on schedule. Conrad, Weitz, Kerwin, now riding on a good second stage engine. Coming up now a luanch escape tower jettisons. SC 4-B. SC Tower jet on time. CC Roger, tower jettison, you're mode 2. PAO MARK, 3 minutes, 2 seconds, 47 nautical miles in altitude. The launch escape tower now ejected, reports Conrad, his crew safety roll no longer required. Three minutes 12 seconds, 50 nautical miles in altitude, 84 naut­ ical miles downrange. Velocity now reading 8200 feet per second. PAO 3 minutes, 25 seconds, the first stage in launch escape tower both falling away now, headed for their own splash downs. Meanwhile, Conrad, Weitz, Kerwin, now at 58 nautical miles. The Skylab continuing to climb, moving out well beyond the Earth's armosphere. SC Okay. Houston, the computer looks good here. CC Roger, we concur, CMC's go. PAO 3 minutes 58 seconds, 66 nautical miles in altitude, 140 nautical miles downrange. CC Houston, looking good, GO at 4 minutes. SC And we're GO, here, Houston. PAO MARK, 4 minutes, 15 seconds, now at 71 nautical miles in altitude, 167 nautical miles downrange, Skylab's onboard performance continues smooth. Onboard reading show, Conrad, Weitz, Kerwin with their computer in program 11, the earth orbit insertion program, ticking off their own altitude velocity. Velocity now reading, 9852 feet per second. MARK, 4 minutes 40 seconds, 77 nautical miles in altitude, at 199 nautical miles downrange. Flight Director Phil Shaffer pulsing his flight team, looking good. �SL-II MC-11/3 Time: 08:01 a.m. CDT, T-l minute GET 5/25/73 CC Skylab, Houston. You're GO in five minutes, set your trajectories right on the nominal. SC And, we're go here, Houston, looks good in here. CC Roger. PAO MARK, 5 minutes, 10 seconds, 82 nautical miles in altitude, 244 nautical miles downrange. A trajectory data in mission control looking good. Skylab now threading the eye of the desired flight path orbit. We're at 5 minutes, 22 seconds, 11,326 feet per second, now traveling Skylab. PAO MARK, 5 minutes 35 seconds. Skylab now 85 nautical miles in altitude. Skylab*s climb for altitude now essentially complete, moving out now for downrange dis­ tance. Conrad, Weitz, Kerwin, now flying almost parallel to the Atlantic below in a heads down position. We show a downrange distance of 312 nautical miles. CC Skylab, Houston, you can GO at 6 minutes. SC Roger, we're GO up here. CC Roger. PAO MARK, 6 minutes, 10 seconds, that GO given by Capcom Dick Truly. Responding spacecraft commander Pete Conrad. We now show Skylab at 88 nautical miles in altitude, 362 nautical miles downrange. SC (Garble), Houston. Standby to GIMBAL motors at 7. CC Roger. PAO MARK, 6 minutes 45 seconds, Skylab velocity building up now, now reading 14,538 feet per second. Conrad, Weitz, Kerwin, traveling almost parallel to the east coast of the United States, the most northerly powered flight in the space for astronauts, thus far. CC Skylab, Houston. We're go at 7 minutes. SC Okay, Houston, 4 good Gimbal motors, then we're GO at 7. CC Roger, copy. PAO MARK, 7 minutes 25 seconds, 89 nautical miles in altitude, 522 nautical miles downrange now for Skylab, velocity now reading 16,709 feet per second. SC Hey, do we just have - We just have PU shift, Houston? CC Roger, we concur and you're GO at 8 minutes. SC Okay. PAO MARK, 8 minutes 10 seconds, a good propellant and utilization shift, says Booster Engineer, giving a change in fuel oxidizer ratio of - for more efficient engine performance in space. We show 87 nautical miles in altitude, 665 nautical miles downrange. Velocity now reads 19,605 feet per second. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000078 Title A name given to the resource "SL II MC 1/1 Time: 6:32 a.m. CDT, T-01:25:00 GET 5/25/73" - "SL-II MC-11/3 Time: 08:01 A.M. CDT, T-1 minute Get 5/25/73." Description An account of the resource This mission commentary depicts the Skylab 1 launch. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-05-25 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource John F. Kennedy Space Center Skylab Program Skylab 2 Saturn launch vehicles Type The nature or genre of the resource Transcripts Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 17, Folder 2 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14414/sdsp_skyl_000079_001.pdf d2e4497cdda1fdaa3068a974c91eeff8 PDF Text Text SL-II MC-60/1 Time: 22:50 CDT 14:50 GET 5/25/73 This is Skylab Control at 14 hours PA0 50 minutes ground elapsed time. About a minute 50 seconds until acquisition at the Vanguard tracking ship, which is stationed off the southeast <~oast of South America. And hopefully we will have a positive statement from the crew that they have been successful in docking after the |-as^ procedure that they went through. Failing that, it looks like they go through a standoff maneuver for the evening, and regroup tomorrow for further docking attempts. We 11 wait and see what happens here over Vanguard. The Vanguard pass will last almost 8 minutes and the next station after Vanguard will be Vanguard again, an hour and 38 minutes from now. We'll stand by for the first call from sPac®~ craft communicator to the crew of Skylab II. We ve had AOS. Skylab Houston through the Vanguard. cc How do you read? CDR We got a hard dock out of it. CC Way to go. pA0 Considerable applause here on the re­ port of hard docking. ... we got a tunnel integrity CDR check in the work right now. CC Hey, way to go. Good show. CDR You can tell sim sup that we really would sure like to get some ... out of this thing after a while. CC You can bet your life I will Pete. CDR We're starting our quiescent switch configuration with the notes that you gave me some where back day before yesterday it seems like. CC Stand by for one on the quiescent check please, Pete. CC CDR Houston. We've got 6 minutes left in this pass. We do have about an hour and a half a whole rev before we get Vanguard back again. I do have just a few short notes that might help you go through the check­ list for the post docking this evening. Over. CDR Fire away. CC Okay, the first of course is get through the post docking work. And I'm not sure what of this you've done on the SEVA checklist on page L/Delta. Then go through the helmets gloves and PGA docking and stowage and that is on pages L/l-13, L/l-14 and 15 in the SEVA section. CDR Okay. �SL-II MC-60/2 Time: 22:50 CDT 14:50 GET 5/25/73 CC Okay, following that Pete, go through the presleep activity on SEVA section page L/Foxtrot. And we want to add one additional step in the presleep activity. We need to replace system Alfa LIOH canister, it's in Alfa 4 and stow the used canister back in Alfa 4. Over. CDR Okay. System A is the top system, right? CC That's affirmative Pete. CDR Okay, look we've had our problems and you've had your problems so we'll probably press on to get this thing completely configured according to the checklist that you gave us. We have eaten dinner, so whenever we get this thing done, we'll get to bed and press on first thing in the morning. I would, because of the docking like to go ahead, if we've got a good tunnel and verify all latches. It sounded to me like we got at least 10. But I would like to verify them and then we'll put the hatch back in and go to bed. Do you concur with it? CC Stand by one. CC Okay, you tell them you got anything else other than that you want to do tonight? Well he does that as far as the list. CC CDR Houston. On your question, we do concur that if you have a good hatch integrity check to verify the docking latches. Also one thing we want to be sure to catch is a fuel cell reactants valves to unlatch in a normal. And be advised that we will be going back to CMG control on the SWS. We expect you may get a little bit of movement out of it but we want to get out of TACS only. CDR Okay sir it is all yours. CC Roger that. CC Skylab Houston. CDR Go ahead Houston. CC Okay, Pete. One thing in the checklist that we were going to read you and just never had time and got in a hassle. During the quiescent panel check on panel 201, we do not want to inhibit items 9 Alfa Charlie and Delta. Over. CDR Do not inhibit 9 Alfa Charlie and Delta. 9^ That's right Pete. And where we're looking at our time line, we expect bed time will be some where around 18 hours or a little bit sooner and we think that ought to give us plenty of time to call you on this next Vanguard pass next time around, which is about an hour and a half from now, and if you don't have any objec— �SL-II MC-60/3 Time: 22:50 CDT 14:50 GET 5/25/73 tions we're going to call you at that pass and that will probably be the last AOS today. C°R Yes sir, we'll see how much we can get done in the next hour and a half. CC Okay real fine. We're about 30 sec­ onds from LOS now and we'll see you at Vanguard next time around. CDR Okay, sure glad we practiced those procedures on that probe. CC Yes sir, looking good. pAO This is Skylab Control at 15 hours ground elapsed time. We've had loss of signal out of the Vanguard tracking station. It's unlikely we will continue to pick up communications through the ARIA aircraft out east of Vanguard. The attempt at docking, hard docking was indeed successful. The crew believes that 10 of the 12 main latches did fire. They're proceeding with the tunnel pressure integrity check and going through their presleep checklist. There will be one more call in an hour and 30 minutes from now over Vanguard again. Then the crew will go to bed, and proceed with the days work tomorrow. Or going into the workshop and deploying the parasol thermal shield. At 15 hours 2 minutes ground elapsed time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE SL-II MC-61/1 Time: 23:27 CDT 5/25/73 15:26 GET PAO This is Skylab Control 15 hours 26 minutes ground elapse time in the Skylab 2 mission. The Skylab space station, with a successfully docked Command Service Module is presently over the Arabian Peninsula, and an hour and 3 minutes out of Vanguard for the final com­ munications of the evening, which will consist primarily of a status report on the presleep checklist and the final goodnight of the evening. In 10 <->r 15 minutes, a press conference will be held in the Johnson Space Center news room, small briefino room. Participants being, Mr. Bill Schneider, Skylab Program Director, NASA headquarters. The two Manned Space Flight Center Skylab Program Manaaers, Kenny Kleinknecht from Johnson Space Center, and Leland Belew from Marshall Space Flight Center. They should be arriving within the next 10 minutes, and at 15:27 ground elapsed time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-62/1 Time: 00:27 a.m. CDT, 16:27 GET 5/26/73 PAO This is Skylab Control at 5 hours 27 minutes 54 seconds Greenwich mean time. We can hear the horn buzzing in Mission Control to announce acquisition of signal coming up in a little under 2 minutes. We'll have acquisition of signal at Vanguard. This period of pass is approximately 10 minutes and 17 seconds, and after that there will be another opportunity at Ascension at approximately 3 minutes later. At this time it appears that we'll not use that opportunity, that they'll allow the crew to go to sleep immediately after the Vanguard pass. That's still open however, at this time. Among the instructions we passed up - in this coming pass by the CAP COM are instructions to reset the clock that they're using now - the G.E.T. or ground elapsed time clock which will be reading 17:00 hours on the next even hour. They will reset that clock to read 06:00 Greenwich mean time and from now on the mission will be conducted on Greenwich mean time. They also will give instructions to the crew to go to sleep within the next hour before 17:00 GET or 6 o'clock Greenwich mean time and their wake-up will be left open. They can wake up when­ ever they like. At any case they expect to wake up no earlier than 9 a.m. central daylight time. There will not be a wakeup call given from the ground if present plans are continued. There are two reset maneuvers being scheduled during the night and the crew will be informed about this. The first reset maneuver may take place right immediately after the Vanguard pass at Ascension. That still is - has not been computed completely and they're going to try and compute that in time and let the crew know what - the exact details that reset maneuver will be. We're going to have acquisition of signal very shortly and you can listen in for the - - This is Skylab Control. CC Skylab, Houston. We're AOS over Van­ guard for the next 11 minutes. PAO We have AOS. CC 10 minutes for the next 10 minutes. CC Skylab, Houston. We're AOS over Van­ guard for the next 9 minutes. How do you read? PAO We're trying to acquire the CSM on voice. CC Skylab, Houston. We're AOS over Van­ guard for the next 8 minutes. Over. CC Skylab, Houston over Vanguard for the next 7 minutes. How do you read? Over. CDR CC Roger, Pete. You were a little bit garbled there. For your information I've got a few messages for you I'd like to give if you can copy. PLT Okay, Houston. CC Roger. Fine job today, Pete. Number 1 �SL-1I MC-62/2 Time: 00:27 a.m. CDT. 16:27 GET 5/26/73 I guess - PLT Okay, this is Paul, ready to copy. CC Number one, I guess we'd like to get over for G.m.t. so your checklist tomorrow will give you some good AOS times. We'd like you to set 17:00 GET, or BET rather, to set time at 06:00 G.m.t. CC Did you copy, Paul? CC Skylab, Houston. How do you read? CC Skylab, Houston. How do you read? PLT Loud and clear now. CC Okey doke, we lost you there for awhile. Did you get the time set at 17:00 BET time will be 06:00 G.m.t.? PLT No, we didn't get any of your messages at all. Bob. As soon as you said you had messages for us, you quit. CC Okay. Let's try it again. We would like to give you - set your timer so you can go back to G.m.t. and at 17:00 elapsed time the time will be 06:00 G.m.t. PLT Okay. CC Okey dokey. And we would also like if you got time meal status for day 1. CC Okay. We would also like to insure that VHF A and B are OFF before going to sleep. PLT Okay, we had them OFF and then I noticed that I had a barber pole in a power amplifier. And I'm still not sure what games that those guys can play with it down there so we left B DUPLEX UP just to make sure he wouldn't be able to get ahold of it. That's why it's ON now. CC Okay. Okay, we're taking care of that. You can turn VHF A and B OFF. CDR Okay, Bob, and for your information the CDR ate everything. CC All right. Okey doke, Roger. PLT The PLT dipped the first spoonful of his asparagus was half wood, so I only ate about one-third of it, mostly the non-woody part. CC Rog. PLT The SPT said he ate everything. I'm going to have eaten everything else. Bob. CC Okay, very good. Thank you, Paul. CDR Okay. We have the LiOH canister changed out. We've done the quiescent switch checklist. We got a couple of questions for you. What mode would you like to leave the computer in - you want to leave it in POO and ACCEPT? And while you're answering that one - let me - we had one on whether we're supposed to use this max power down. Do you want that or not? �• I. SL-II MC-62/3 Time: 00:27 a.m. CDT, 16:27 GET 5/26/73 V CC Stand by 1. We do want the computer left in POO and ACCEPT. CDR Okay, the computer's in POO and ACCEPT and on the max power down we've stopped most of that, but there are a couple of things that we have not done. Like, do you want the E/P spectrometer off? CC Okay, Pete. They really didn't want you to do the max power down, but ...*5 PLT RCS q uad Bravo temperature indicates off=scale high, associated CAUTION. At first we didn't know if it was real or not. We ... 2 - turned those heaters off on Bravo and I assume that it's safe to turn them back on again. CC Rog. I didn't get the which C&W you had there, Paul. PLT RCS quad Bravo. CC Rog. PLT And the reason we got - the reason we got it was for temperature - that it was high at the time and now it's off=scale high. CC Rog. Copy. CC We would like to - PLT Go ahead. CC Okay. We had not planned to give you a call over the ground station, however there's several mes­ sages here that we probably ought to talk about. So we are about a minute and one half to LOS and we'll have you again at Ascension and at 16:43. I'll go ahead and hit you with a couple of things here. They would like you to back out of that MAX POWER DOWN if you could and just have the quiescent POWER DOWN. PLT Okay. I think we can sort that out. CC Okay dokey. PLT Yeah, also, I got a popped circuit breaker I want to talk about next time on panel 5. It's last one in the second row, UTILITY. We're R/L station MAIN A. CC Rog. I understand that one's popped. CDR Well, we reset it but that's the one that feeds the backup way that we got docked and we think it probably popped when we docked. CC Okay, but it did reset okay. Is that correct? PLT Yeah. CC Can you tell us whether you used A or B system for docking? CDR Bravo. CC Rog. Copy, Bravo. CDR The bottom one in the panel I believe. �<7 ( SL-II MC-62/4 Time: 00:27 a.m. CDT, 16:27 GET 5/26/73 CC Rog. Okay, we're just about to go LOS here. By the way wake-up tomorrow is going to be open-ended. You give us a call. MS Yea. CDR Okay, that's good because look we got about another hour at least in here. Man, this place looks like somebody blew through here with a tornado. CC I think you guys earned a good night's sleep. CDR We'll be around for at least another hour and a half I think. CC Rog. We were going to end up doing a CMG reset at the next station pass and that's going to move the vehicle around a little bit. CDR Well we notice ... up here a little bit. CC Okay, you have got a slight maneuver going on now, but that's not a reset. We're trying to get back PAO We have LOS. We've have our next axquisition of signal in about 2 minutes and 17 seconds and the crew will be again given further information about maneuvers We'll be on for about 2 minutes. END OF TAPE �c .. t SL-II MC-63/1 Time: 00:43 CDT 16:43 GET 5/25/73 we have acquisition of telemetry data and we expect acquisition any moment now. we are AOS over Acsension for the iu cc minutes for the next 10 minutes. Okay, we are backing out of this low PLT cc POWV Rog, understand. And I guess you got your flight plan there with you and it did have exceptions listed on the quiescent time line. That s in your 9 checklist. _ _ tQO but he also had the max power down and I wasn't sure which one you wanted, so I went into that and we'll be out in a minute. CC Roger, understand. Rog, the exceptions are listed in SEVA cQ L-E. CDR Right. CC And we are going to be starting the CMG reset routine very soon, and it's going to cause the vehicle to move around, oh a good little bit. This one is going to be kind of small, it can't be large. For your in­ formation, we are probably going to have to do an^her one of these tonight before you wake up. We ve been having to do them about every 4 to 8 hours. CDR Okay. cc And Skylab, we would like you to select secondary package heaters on quad Bravo. CDR Okay, everything works. PLT Well we've got the package heater and we've got the quad heater. Do you want them both to go to 2 and secondary as appropriate? cc Pete, that was a little bit garbled on did you understand it on quad Bravo. We wanted the pack­ age heaters to secondary. CDR Okay, the package heaters to secondary. CC Rog• „ PLT Okay except thats what's confusing. Crip. We got two sets of heaters. One for the package and one for the quad. cc Rog. It is the package. PLT Well the backup one for the package is two and the backup one for the quad is second. So you want the package heater to 2 and the quad heater left in primary. Is that right? CC That is affirmative. CDR Okay, and by going to the caution warning, it was a package indication that was tripping it. CC Rog, understand. �SL-II MC-63/2 Times 00:43 CDT 16:43 RET 5/25/73 CDR Say, Crip, we did have to dump urine once today, which I believe we reported. The time that we did it all three crew members other wise we have collected all the rest of it onboard. CC Roger, copy. CC Skylab Houston. We still have about 6 minutes left in this pass. The next pass is going to be over Guam at 17:27 elapsed time and that will 06:27. I guess our intent now is not to give you a call there. CDR Okay. CC Skylab Houston. I guess tomorrow morning, what you can do is on your activation checklist pick out a site to give us a call when you're awake and want to go to work. CDR Okay. CC Skylab Houston. We're 1 minute to LOS over Ascension and we'll see you manana. That pass over Guam, in case you need us is at 06:27 GMT. CDR 06:27, Okay, thank you. PAO This is Skylab Control. We have loss of signal now at Ascension. The spacecraft is now passing to the northeast over Africa on rev 167. Our next chance for signal will be, as the Capcom indicated, in about 33 min­ utes and 40 seconds from now at Guam. And we expect to have no communications from the spacecraft at that time unless the crew has something they would like to say to the ground. They did indicate at Vanguard that they did not expect to be asleep by 1:00 a.m. central daylight time as they were to been instructed to go to sleep. They may be up a little later, you may hear from them at Guam. We're not quite certain about that. They are expecting to go to bed as soon as possible and will get up probably get up no earlier than 9:00 a.m. central daylight time tomorrow. They will not be awakened from the ground. They will give a call to the ground from their headsets whenever they are ready to get up and go to work. This is about an hour and a half, the 9:00 a.m. mininum sleep time will make it about an hour and a half later than the flight plan that was set up premission. That's to give them time to get plenty of rest after a very hard day. This is Skylab Control at 5 hours 54 minutes and 50 seconds Greenwich mean time. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC 64/1 Times 01:25 CDT 17:25 GET 5/25/73 PAO This is Skylab Control. We again have the horn sounding in Mission Control, 2 minutes coming up for opportunity for acquisition of signal at Guam. The space station at this time is on its 167th revolution on a decending node, passing over Japan. And we're about 1-1/2 minutes from acquisition of signal. This acquisition of signal may not actually indicate any sort of discussion between the crew and ground. We don't know one way or the other whether the crew will still be awake. We will, how­ ever, be getting telemetry data. And we may hear something from the crew, since they indicated they may not yet be asleep. We have 1 minute and 20 seconds to acquisition of signal. PAO Skylab Control. We have 55 seconds to acquisition of signal. The crew is now operating on Greenwich mean time. They have reset their clocks at 1700 hours ground elapsed time to the Greenwich mean time 600 hours. They are now going to be getting all times in Greenwich mean time. At 06:26:49 Greenwich mean time, we have 38 seconds to acquisition of signal. PAO We have telemetry acquisition of signal. And we should have voice acquisition of signal shortly. PAO AOS. MCC Guam tech. Comm Tech, Houston, take net one for a voice check. MCC Guam, Comm Tech MCC Roger. PAO We have indications that the crew is attempting MCC Guam station, do you read. Over. CDR Affirmative Guam, loud and clear. MCC We have a communications problem between the tracking station and the network, and we'll be back with you as soon as we reestablish. CC Skylab, Houston. How do you read. CDR Loud and Clear. CC Okay. Read you loud and clear. CDR Hey, we finished clorinating the water. P.J. Weitz is sliding into his sleeping bag, along with Pete Conrad and Joe Kerwin. We're just about to bed out. CC Very good. Anything else we can do for you tonight? CDR No. We did have a question. We have turned the potable water tank on not for any other reason than it was down to 25 percent. We figure we might as well fill it up. CC Rog. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000079 Title A name given to the resource "SL-II MC-60/1 Time: 22:50 CDT 14:50 GET 5/25/73" - "SL-II MC 64/1 Time: 01:25 CDT 17:25 GET 5/25/73." Description An account of the resource This mission commentary depicts Skylab 2 docking with Skylab 1. This mission commentary also depicts the Skylab 2 crew beginning work on resolving the solar panel and micrometeoroid shield problems. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-05-25 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource John F. Kennedy Space Center Skylab Program Skylab 1 Skylab 2 Multiple docking adapters Conrad, Charles, Jr. Weitz, Paul J. Kerwin, Joseph P. Manned Spacecraft Center (U.S.) George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Belew, Leland F. Type The nature or genre of the resource Transcripts Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 17, Folder 2 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14415/sdsp_skyl_000080_001.pdf a79cfc62836231bf52638ee59853db4f PDF Text Text SL-U MC-64/2 'Ufa Time: 01:25 CDT717:25 GET 5/26/73 . CC For your information, we got about 6 minutes left on this pass. CDR in to that day 2 activation tomorrow, as soon as we get up and eat. CC Okay, no need to rush. cc While I got you here, we talked about that reset routine. I don't know whether that bugged you all. The motion, it could get up into as much as 3/10 of a degree per second if we - on some of them, we have seen those kind of things. CDR Yeah. Is it maneuvering right now? ^ i don't beleive so. CDR Okay, well, we got the window shades up, so we don t know what you guys are doing. , CC Very good. And Pete, that potable tank and that valve is okay like you got it. CDR Okay. CC Skylab, Houston. If you need us for any reason tonight, if you'd give us a VERB 99, we'll have AOS. CDR Okay. CC Skylab, Houston. We're 1 minute til LOS and we 11 see you manana. Nighty-Nite. CDR Nighty-Nite honey. CDR Hey Crip, you still with us. CC Affirm. C R Hey, I just wanted to impress on every­ body how - how black or burnt looking that gold foil was getting on the sunny side of the vehicle. I suspect that's the reason your temperature is going up. That mylar's S**just deteriorating or whatever that gold stuff is. CC . Roger. I think they got that impression today during the fire up. CDR Okay. CC Let's hope the parasol takes care of it. C R Yeah. Now that we're docked, I'm not sure how we get undocked. CC We'll work on that. PA? ,„ . We have lost the signal at Guam and the crew should be going to sleep very shortly now. They will wake up at their will in the morning. Probably sometime after 9:00 a.m. central daylight time. During the evening a reset maneuver will be preformed to reset the control moment gyros, beside that it should be a rather quite/w-T^ evening. Systems are being monitered. Temperatures kee^ to be at very acceptable levels. The suit coolant loop, which has given some concern earlier in the last few days P P �SL-II MC-64/3 Time: 01:25 CDT 17:25 GET 5/25/73 has now risen to 36.8 degrees. Very mild temperature. Very well above freezing, and very well above the safe range that had been indicated earlier, and the temperatures seem to be about the same level that they were earlier in the workshop habitation area. So, we don't expect to hear anything more from the crew tonight. We will have a Skylab reports on the hour from now on, and in the event of any sort of status change, we will come on. This is Skylab Control at 6 hours 39 minutes Greenwich mean time. END OF TAPE SL-II MC-65/1 Time: 03:00 CDT 19:00 GET 5/25/73 PAO This is Skylab Control at 8 hours and 2 seconds Greenwich mean time. At the present time, the Skylab space station is in its 168th revolution. The command module is completing its 12th revolution. They are properly docked. The period of revolution is 1 Ijour 33 minutes 13.5 seconds. The low point in the orbit 235.2 nautical miles. The high point 239.7 nautical miles. That's a variation from approximately 270 statute miles to 275 statute miles. Speed at this time 25,087.8 feet per sec­ ond, approximately 17,100 miles per hour. Biomedical officer informs us that we will have no information on the time the crew went to sleep tonight because none of the crew members are wearing the^operational biomedical system, the OBS which records heart rate and related data. It allows us to deter­ mine whether or not they have gone to sleep. At the present time the command module is a very comfortable 70.6 degrees. And it's pressurized to 4.9 pounds per square inch. This is Skylab Control at 8 hours 1 minute and 17 seconds Green­ wich mean time. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-66/1 Time: 04iOO_ a.m. 5/26/73 CDT» 20:00 GET This is Skylab Control at 9 hours Green­ PA0 wich mean time. At the present time the Flight Controller, Milt Windier, and his team of flight controllers are f a slight attitude adjustment to take place Greenwich mean time, that's a little less thanan 1 now at Honeysuckle tracking station. That will be iater i rev 170. We are at this point - I take that back - that on rev 169 . We are at this point early in rev 169, .just be ginning our pass over the Equator and we're headedto the north east - headed for the Canary Island tracking statioi„!!?«» o have acquisition of signal there in a little over 4 There have been no new problems arising in the mission a everything looks successful. We expect the crew tobeawakening y at approximately 9 o'clock, but they will not be al**ted. will wake up on their own - at their own time and their awakening to us and we'll be waiting for ^sometime after 9:00 a.m. central daylight time. This is Skylab at 1 minute and 8 seconds after the hour. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-67/1 Time: 05:00 CDT 21:00 GET 5/26/73 This is Skylab Control at 10 hours L Greenwich mean time. At the present time repressurization of the orbital workshop area is preceeding on schedule towards a completion about 12:49 Greenwich mean time. 2 hours and 50 minutes from now. Making the station ready for habitation before the crew wakes up sometime after 1400 Greenwich mean time. At this time the pressure indicator in that area are reading about 3.9 pounds per square inch. There are expected - The crew's expected to enter the workshop about 1600 Greenwich mean time, depending on crew wakeup. That's assuming they wake up after about 8 hours of sleep. Power usage during the final depressurization e orbibal workshop has been relatively high and SYFlight Director Milton Windier has reduced the pitch of the space station to bring more direct sunlight on the ATM solar panels, thus increasing the charge levels of the seventeen batteries still operating aboard Skylab. ^Charger ttery_regu1ator module number 15, which ceased operations earlier in the mission continues to show no amperage and is a stuck relay that cannot be repaired by the ' . hl? inactive CBRM will cost an estimated 150 to 200 watts in power generation. Battery charge is relatively low, as electronic equipment is being operated to provide heat needed to warm oxygen as it is released into the rhl°p J? prevent coolant temperatures from dropping. of P^tchup to 45 degrees, which began about 5 minn^pB M«h i i charge batteries, which should be at b<Tfor® the crew begins activation later today. •iwLilll ^ W3Jer coolant lo°P tbat connects the suit 8ys!:em iavf been rising Steadily after a very angle of about 25 degress up was used during the temner^in9 nighJ:* ^fc,the Present time the SUS coolant inlet f! reads 1 degrees Fahrenheit, far above the J lhat caused concern for several days this past weex. Estimated temperature in the food storage area is 12J de9rees and may be expected to rise 1 to 2 e"ters* As a result of the lower p pitch angle now being used to charge the ATM batteries. At the present time there have been no additional problems arising at the Skylab Mission Control Center. A^d we expect Mnfnn9w-°5iShlft 3t 7:00 this mornin9 as Flight Director o i!r gOGS °ff and Fli3ht Director Neil Hutchinson Mission Control Houston at 10 hours 2 min, J18 X%S!5« hours 2 minutes and 40 seconds, Greenwich mean time. PA0 END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-68/1 Time: 06:00 a.m. CDT, 22:00 GET 5/26/73 PAO This is Skylab Control at 11 hours Greenwich mean time. At the present time all systems are still operating properly on the Skylab workshop and in the command module. The temperature right now in the cabin of the command module is 69.3 degrees and the pressure level in there is 4.95. We have continued to pressurize the orbital workshop. It is now past the 4 pound per square inch level, and will rise to 5 pounds per square inch in plenty of time for a crew wakeup and they're having no problems with any of those systems so far. The TACS consumable status right now is that we have 54.5 percent of the total amount of TACS gas originally carried still in the tank. Considerable amount of TACS gas was used last night but there still remains approx­ imately 30 percent more than is required for all experiments and maneuvers throughout an eight month period. This is about 8 percent at this time - about 8 percent more than was expected in the flight plan so that there's a - there's fortunately a very large pad in this area so that we have plenty of TACS gas remaining. But there was quite a lot used last night during the maneuver. This is Skylab Control at 11 hours 1 minute and 16 seconds Greenwich mean time. SL-II MC-69/1 Time: 07»00 a.m. CDT, 00:23:00 GET 5/26/73 PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 1200 hours Greenwich mean time. The Skylab orbital assembly now traveling in an orbit of 239 nautical miles by 235 nautical miles, presently passing over the southeast portion of the Pacific Ocean. The next tracking station to acquire will be Texas, some 7 minutes from this time. The Skylab crew aboard the command module are still in their rest period. Wake-up time is presently somewhat open-handed; however, it should be around 9 o'clock central daylight time, or 1400 hours G.m.t. Also, the assign­ ment of the Mission Control Center is being handled in much the same way. Flight Director Milt Windier's team is still on duty. However, it is expected that they will be replaced by the Neil Hutchinson team shortly. At 1200 hours G.m.t., this is Skylab Control, Houston. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC70/1 Time: 08:00 a.m. CDT, 1:00:00:00 GET 5/26/73 PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 1300 hours Greenwich mean time. The Skylab orbital assembly presently in an orbit of 239 nautical miles by 235 nautical miles. Pres­ ently passing over the Indian Ocean on the 171st revolution for the Saturn workshop. Meanwhile, in Mission Control, the Neil Hutchinson team is beginning to arrive on the scene. Their team color is silver. Presently, discussions are cen­ tering on the activation checklist,»*?hich represents the pro­ cedures that the crew aboard Skylab will follow for entry into the workshop today. We're at 1300 hours 1 minute Green­ wich mean time. This is Skylab Control, Houston. SL-II MC-71/1 Time: 09:00 a.m. CDT, 1:00:60 GET 5/26/73 PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 1400 hours GMT. Skylab is presently in an orbit of 239 nautical miles by 235 nautical miles and under acquisition, at this time, by Newfoundland Tracking. The next station to acquire will be Madrid, in approximately 3 minutes. Meanwhile, in the Mission Control Center, Flight Director Neil Hutchinson continuing to go around the room consulting with his flight control team on the very detailed activation checklist, which the Skylab Crew will follow when they enter the work­ shop for parasol deployment later on today. Presently, no plans are laid on for a detailed analysis of the probe by the crew after it's removed for entry into the multiple docking adapter. And also, at this time, there is still no definite indication as to when Conrad, Weitz, and Kerwin will wake up to start their work day. We're at 14 hours 1 minute GMT; this is Skylab Control, Houston. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-72/1 Time: 09:05 a.m. CDT, 01:01:04 GET 5/26/73 cc SC cc g°°dS C Skylab, Houston. Good morning. Hi there. How is it going this morning? You guys rest Yeah, we slept pretty good. We're just " we really just got up just a few seconds ago, and we 11 try and put (cut out) and get with it. CC Okay. ,, , what friendly words did you all think sc about over the night? , Spacecraft Commander, Pete Conrad, PA0 talking with CAP COM, Henry Hartsfield, here in the)Mission Control Center. Per an agreement, which was reached last night when the VERB 99 flashed up in the DSKY, the crew was saying they were ready to talk. We see VERB 99 now on the command module computer display. , „ .. . ,ro a-rsmniSkylab Control, Houston. We have approxi­ PA0 mately 5 minutes remaining on this Madrid pass; the next station to acquire will be Honeysuckle, and that's about 42 minutes from this time. sc Hey, Henry, where are we? You're over Madrid now. CC SC We thank you. That was Paul Weitz chiming in to the PA0 conversation, asking for location - cc Four more minutes on this pass, sc You got any big changes for us, or are we qoing to crap off on day 2 the way we got it figured? Yeah, Pete, we're working on it now. cc What we want to do is get together a package for you; try to have it either at Honeysuckle or stateside before we get going here. And we got a few changes for the activation checklist, and we're also going to have some questions for you on probe removal. We'd like to check a few things, before we puH that thing out, to help us in the troubleshooting. And the main is, we want to just kind of relax here a bit and get organized start off on the right foot. . sc Okay, very good. I was thinking about that probe, too. You know we did lose a little nut, but if you got another one of those around anywhere in the spacecrart, we could always rob it. CC Roger; copy. About a minute away now from loss ot PA0 Cc About 1 minute to LOS; we'll be picking you up at Honeysuckle at 00:50:00. SC Right. Honeysuckle at 00:50:00. Skylab Control, Houston; 14 hours 12 min­ PA0 utes G.m.t. We've had loss of signal with Madrid. Next sta­ tion to acquire is Honeysuckle in approximately 37 minutes. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-73/1 Time: 09:48 a.m. CDT, 1:01:48 GET 5/26/73 PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 14 hours 48 minutes Greenwich mean time. About a minute away now,from acquisition with Honeysuckle. This will be a very short pass, approximately 1 minute and 55 seconds in duration. We may or may not start passing to the crew the checklist change items for the activation. It will be a crew option. We'll stand by and monitor. CC Skylab, Houston. ... Honeysuckle for a minute and a half. SC We can't tell us much then, can you? CC No, Pete, but I'll tell you what we've got here. We've got all the checklist changes put together in a little package. There's about 11 of them that should bring the activation checklist up to date. Rusty's working on the questions on the probe. And if you like, we'll hold that off to stateside. We're also planning a private conference before Madrid, which will be coming up at 00:40:00. SC Okay. Whose the private with? CC Okay. It'll be with the surgeon. SC All righty. SC If you could go ahead, maybe - Yeah, let me get an activation checklist of my dumps while I have just finished breakfast, and I'll copy some of this. CC Okay. And the computer's yours, too. SC Okay. How about battery A, has that got a good enough charge on it, yet? CC Okay. We want to let it continue to charge. And ah - We've only got about 15 seconds left here (static) at Goldstone, which is coming up at 00:18:00. CC I'll repeat. Goldstone at 00:18:00. SC Okay. Roger. PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 14 hours 52 minutes GMT. We've just had loss of signal with Honeysuckle. The next station to acquire over the States will be Goldstone, aDDroximatelv 26 minutes from this time. SL-II MC74/1 Time: 10:02 a.m. CDT, 1:02:02 GET 5/26/73 PAO Skylab Control Houston, at 15 hours 2 minutes Greenwich mean time. The private conversation referred to by CAP COM Henry Hartsfield during the up coming Madrid pass is the routinely scheduled surgeon crew conversation set up on a daily basis. A medical bulletin will be released later. We're at 15 hours 3 minutes Gmt. This is Skylab Control, Houston. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC75/1 Time: 10:17 a.m. CDT, 1:02:17 GET 5/26/73 PAO Skylab Control, Houston at 15 hours 17 minutes Greenwich mean time, approximately one minute away now from acquisition through Goldstone. The Skylab workshop presently in a orbit of 238.9 nautical miles by 235.1. Dur­ ing the stateside pass we expect checklist changes. PAO Standing by now for Henry Hartsfield's call up to the crew. CC Skylab Houston stateside for about 11 1/2 minutes. SC Okay we're ready to copy. We've got the activation checklist open. Be advised that we've pressurized the tunnel and we had very little leakage on it last night, maybe a tenth of a psi. So we got a good tunnel and we're standing by for your word. CC Roger. Copy. The first item is on page A-3, that's a little time line we put in the front of the checklist. SC Up there that's mission day 2. Go ahead. CC Okay there is just a typo there on the M168 relocation. It gives you page 2-12; that really should be page 2-121. SC Okay, whose column is that in? CC SPT column. SC Yeah, and it should be 2 dash what? CC 2-121. SC Okay. We got it. CC Okay the next one is on page A-5. SC Go ahead. CC And the CDR column all the way at the bottom of the page the quiescent configuration - we just want to write a little note there Pete to the effect that do not configure panel 275 until all battery charging is complete. SC Understand. CC Okay. The next one is on page A-10. SC Go ahead. CC Okay step 6. The TV input station 320 should be 133. The same thing applies to step 7 that should be panel 133. Okay after step 10 we want to add a step 10-A that says VTR power switch on. SC Okay. CC And step 12, second line, that panel 320 should be 133. And in addition after VTR standby we want to add VTR power switch OFF. SC We've got it. CC Okay next one is on A-13. SC Go ahead. CC Okay. The first two lines up there should be changed to read connect CWG electrical harness to CCA. �SL-II MC75/2 Time: 10:17 a.m. CDT, 1:02:17 GET 5/26/73 SC Okay. CC Okay. A-15. On the stowage location for 16 millimeter cassette takeup it should be VOX 524 instead of 527. SC Okay. Got that one. CC Okay now if you'll jump over in activa­ tion checklist to page 2-18 SC All right go ahead, E MEMORY DUMP? CC Roger. After the E MEMORY DUMP there we want a note to the effect that after guidance has given a GO on the E MEMORY DUMP, perform P06, program 06, CMC POWER DOWN and that's on page 2-78. SC Okay. CC Okay the next one is on page 2-29. SC Go ahead. CC Okay we want to delete the last line of step 2 which reads panel 311 pressure equalization valve OPEN, we want to leave it CLOSED. SC Okay. CC Okay. The next one is on page 2-42; these are the changes to your ATM panel configuration, com­ mand changes, SC Okay, go ahead. CC Okay about halfway down the lefthand side where it says mode talkback solar inertial it should be CMG. SC Roger. CC Okay, righthand side status word 2, counter 1 indicator should be 0353. SC Okay. CC Status word 4, counter 2 should read 1000. SC You cut out Hank. What was the (garble) switch. CC Okay, 1000. Did you copy? SC No. Say the checks both once again. Hank. CC One thousand, 1000. Okay. SC Okay on the rate gyro monitor Y should be CC 3/1. SC Okay. CC Okay the next one is on page 2-43, right under the last item that we've got pinned in there about the hold for 25 seconds, we want to add EVA AUTO DOOR SWITCH to STORAGE. SC Okay. CC Okay the next one is on page 2-50. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000080 Title A name given to the resource "SL-II MC-64/2 Time: 01:25 CDT 17:25 GET 5/25/73" - "SL-II MC 75/2 Time: 10:17 a.m. CDT 1:02:17 GET 5/26/73." Description An account of the resource This mission commentary depicts the improving temperature conditions on Skylab 1 following the Skylab 2 crew's efforts to resolve the temperature problems. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-05-25 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource John F. Kennedy Space Center Skylab Program Skylab 1 Skylab 2 Multiple docking adapters Conrad, Charles, Jr. Weitz, Paul J. Kerwin, Joseph P. Manned Spacecraft Center (U.S.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Transcripts Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 17, Folder 2 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14416/sdsp_skyl_000081_001.pdf 90b884b987ee485819987850895398eb PDF Text Text SL-II MC75/3 "~79/3 Time: 10:17 a.m. CDT, 1:02:17 GET 5/26/73 o>i -k SC Break, break. What have you got for us on the probe. I'm scared we're going to get all this stuff in and not get the probe stuff where we can get in there. CC Okay we've only got a couple items, Pete, and then Rusty has got some words for you on the probes. SC Okay. CC Okay on page 2-50 we don't want you to close the hatch channel. We'd like for that to read Don CHARCOAL MASS and then just place the hatch over the opening. SC Okay. CC And the last one is on page 2-60. On the circuit breaker configuration, panel 614, on the righthand side on duct 3 fans we want to keep all those open - the four duct 3 fan circuit breakers, we'll only use 8 fans. SC That's affirm. CC Okay and Rusty has got some words for you on the probe. CC Okay Skylab we've got 3-1/2 minutes here left in the pass for your information and let me tell you what we want on the probe. There is a general caution note - I don't know who is going to do it - but when you collapse the probe for removal be aware of the fact that it may come com­ pletely free of the drogue right at that time. SC Okay we are guessing that it will. CC Right. That's what we're guessing also. Okay when you get up in there Pete what we're interested in finding out is what is the clocking of the center shaft latch on the aft end of the probe relative to the CSM axes. If you what we're recognizing is pressing on with a normal probe removal checklist but before you do anything look at the flats on the center shaft and give us your orientation. And a good reference, by the way, is systems checklist page 2-10, gives you a look at the back end of that whole probe and you can reference the flats to that. SC Okay. Now you don't want us to put the pyro cover back on with all the handles, huh? CC Pete, we don't want it to go back on permanently at this time but if that helps to determine the orientation go ahead and do it, then take it off and then go through the rest of the probe collapsing and removal. Okay. SC Okay now CC Rusty, the picture I'm looking at has the SC cover on and I'm not sure I know what flats you're talking about? Okay, Paul, the shaft - it's a circular CC shaft with a flat on each side and what we're recommending �SL-II MC75/4 Timei 10:17 a.m. CDT, 1:02:17 GET 5/26/73 in a way is if you can draw a perpendicular through those flats and then give us the clocking of that line with respect to the command module or that diagram on 2-10, either one. SC All right. CC Okay. Now the only other things we want, when you vent the probe, is when you press the button to bleed the nitrogen out keep watching that shaft and let us know if it rotates. There is a possibility that it may rotate 30 to 40 degrees. We don't think it will but we would like to know if it does. SC Unfortunately we vented it last night. CC You vented the probe itself or the tunnel? SC No we checked the docking latched, by the way it made all 12 of them and in the process of doing that we went ahead and bled the probe. And I have the feeling that you're right. Joe said the probe was quite free in there after he bled it and I have the feeling that the whole probe is just loose in there and we do not have any capture latches. CC Roger. If you did then all we can get from you is the clocking of the shaft before you - Okay we're going to have LOS in about 15 seconds. We'll pick it up GARBLE in about 1 minute. CC Skylab Houston how do you read? END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-76/1 Times 10:30 a.m. CDT, 1:02:30 GET 5/26/73 CC Skylab, Houston. SC Go ahead. CC Okay, we got about 5-1/2 more minutes now through Bermuda, and for your info, the med conference over Madrid has been scrubbed. SC Okay, we're all healthy. And let's hear from Rusty some more on that probe. We didn't catch your last remark. CC Okay. CC All right. It sounds as though, since you've already vented the probe, that the thing we're looking for is the clocking on the center shaft, and other than that - and the caution about the probe being free, you're to press on with a normal probe removal as per the activation checklist. SC All right. And what's your opinion on if we had to undock? How we'd go about doing it? Do you think we could get the capture latches to cock? CC Okay, we're thinking about that, Pete, and we have a considerably longer procedure on verification of the probe capability, that will come later in the mission that'll answer that question specifically. One further comment on the probe removal, and that is: In your judgment you'll have to look at the back end of the probe, and if you feel that it's going to be safer removing it with the pyro cover back on, that is avoiding sharp edges, feel free to do so and let us know. SC Okay. Stand by for the clocking. Pete's looking at it. CC Roger. SC Houston, Skylab. CC Go ahead. SC Okay, the line perpendicular to the flatch on that rod is rotated 15 degrees counterclockwise from the plus-Z axis as we view it. Or from the Z-axis, I should say. CC Okay, understand. If you stand by just 15 degrees counterclockwise from the Z-axis, and that's counterclockwise looking up at the probe from down in the command module? SC That is correct. SC (garble) talking about the removal (garble) CC Roger. It has systems 2-10. Let me just verify. In other words, you're saying that the - that that line is essentially over the ratchet handle. By the extension of the line you just talked about, it's over the ratchet handle. SC That's right (garble). �SL-II MC-76/2 Time: 10:30 a.m. CDT, 1:02:30 GET 5/26/73 CC Okay, fine. Thank you. We have it, and go ahead and proceed with the removal then. SC Okay, but that now. Rusty, is the line perpendicular to the flat. CC Roger; we understand. That's the line perpendicular to the flat. Thank you. PAO Skylab Control, Houston. We've been listening to Backup Commander Rusty Schweickart chat with the crew about the probe. Presently sitting at the CAP COM' console - CC Skylab, Houston. We're about 40 seconds from LOS. We'll pick you up over Madrid at 40. SC Return at 40. SC Did you read comm check on that one? CC Roger. We heard Houston's comm check; we read you loud and clear, thank you. CC Copy. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-77/1 Time: 10:39 a.m. CDT, 1:02:39 GET 5/26/73 CC Skylab, Houston, through Madrid for 7 minutes. SC Okay. We've got the probe out and the capture latches were not engaged. CC Roger. Understand. PAO That's CAP COM Henry Hartsfield speaking to the crew aboard Skylab on this Madrid acquisition, Paul Weitz responding to that call. SC Okay, Houston. Here's a data plate for you, 2 capture latches are out and one capture latch is stuck in. CC Roger. Copy. SC Hey, Houston. CC Go ahead. SC Another data plate on that probe. It turned out that that one was squashed and the little ear, when I kicked it, it came up. It looks, to me, like 2 of them had captured and this one, for what ever re- you can tell better on the ground than I can. It would not come up and allow the little lever to trip and lock it. It looked like something was out of sequence with the trigger on that latch. CC Roger. Copy. SC Now. We've got all three capture latches latched and if I push on the end of the probe, it will re­ lease all three capture latches, they'll all fold and then pull them all down. Now let's push that up. Now let it go, they should all lock. SC All down? Yeah. Two of them are up and the third one is stuck down and I can't answer for you, why, and so is the little center button stuck down. CC Pete, let me make sure I understand you. You went through your little sequence there, at one point you had all three capture latches out and you then tripped it again, and they went in and one of them stayed in and the button is - on the end of the probe is also staying depressed. SC With me Rusty? CC Pete, do you read? SC Yeah, go ahead. CC Yes. Did you read my summary there? Did it agree with what had happened? SC No, I didn't read your summary, let me give it to you again. When we took the probe out, 2 latches were out and they were out, but appar - (loss of comm) Push the plunger in the end of the probe - SC Capture latch released. �SL-II MC-77/2 Time: 10:39 a.m. CDT, 1:02:39 GET 5/26/73 SC Capture catch released, but left side button, it sticks in now; and the one latch, capture latch stays flush and the other two pop up. cc Okay, Pete. At one point you mentioned also, that the one that was flush, popped out when you kicked the trigger on it, is that correct? SC Well, that's what I thought, but that s what's not doing it now. SC Yes it is, too. SC I take that back, it is. Paul just did it and it came up. CC Okay. I'll tell you what, we're going to digest all that, Pete, and the boys in the backroom will be working and we'll probably come back to you at some later point. I suggest just going ahead with the time line. CC And one further question. What's the status of the pyro cover? Did you put it on, or do you still have it off? SC It's off. CC Okay, fine. We'll assume it'll stay off, then and you're going to let us know where you stow it temporarily? SC Yeah. We'll put the pyro cover in with the probe in the bag. CC Okay, thanks. CC Skylab, Houston. We're about 40 seconds from LOS. We'll pick you up again at Honeysuckle at 2.5. SC Okay. PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 15 hours 52 minutes Greenwich mean time, our next station to acquire will be Honeysuckle. We're out of range, now with Madrid and that will be approximately 34 minutes from this time. This is Skylab Control, Houston. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-78/1 Times 11;04 a.m. CDT, 01:03:04 GET 5/26/73 PAO Skylab Control, Houston; 16 hours 4 minutes Greenwich mean time. During our Madrid pass, we had a momentary communications dropout. However, we have recovered the tape, and we'll play that tape for you now. cc Yes. Did you read my summary there; did it agree with what had happened? SC No, I didn't read your summary. Let me give it to you again. When we took the probe out, two latches were out. Add they were out, but apparently not locked. One was flush. Okay. Now, if we push the plunger in the end of the probe - SC Capture latch release - SC - - capture latch release left side, but it sticks in now, and the one latch, capture latch, stays flush, and the other two pop up. PAO Skylab Control, Houston. That completes our tape playback. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-79/1 Timei 11:24 a.m. CDT, 01:03:24 GET 5/26/73 PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 16 hours 25 min­ utes Greenwich mean time, less than a minute away now from acquisition with Honeysuckle. The Skylab presently in an orbit of 239 nautical miles by 235 nautical miles. We will stand by to pick up conversation at that time when CAP COM, Henry Hartsfield, calls up the crew of Skylab. CC Skylab, Houston, to Honeysuckle for about 9 minutes. CC Skylab, Houston, to Honeysuckle for 9 minutes. SC Roger, Houston. And be advised we had a MAIN A undexvolt, which sucked the voltage down to about 25 volts, and it turns out to be a heater cycle, as best we can determine it. We must have had all the heaters on at one time. If you ^ can look at your low bed rate, if you'd add that on, maybe you can come up with a better scheme for configuring these heaters for us. We just spent 10 minutes sorting that one out. CC Roger. SC And we've got about 5 minutes to go on the TDI sampling. We've gotten out sample and we're waiting the 15 minutes. CC Roger; copy. And we got a couple of things for you too. It looks like we missed a couple of checklist changes here that we should have gotten. SC Okay, hold it, and let me bring you up. We've got the secondary glycol evap dried out and the primary evap is on its way. Would you like E-memory dumped? CC Stand by. CC While we get set down here, we're - just for your information, we're going to do a CMG reset at 16:33 at about 6 minutes from now. Maximum excursion, we expect, is about 35 degrees in roll and 5 degrees each in pitch and yaw. SC Okay. Go ahead with your checklist changes. CC Okay, on page A-9, we had a comment earlier about whether you want to close the latch handle, the hatch handle, and that same comment applies there. On panel 312, we just want that to read to close the hatch. SC Okay, just close the hatch; don't lock it, is what you're saying. CC We don't - well, we had you closing in the hatch handle then laying the hatch over on the dogs. We didn't want to do that, we just want to strick that out so it just says close the hatch. SC Oh, okay. CC But don't lock the hatch. And we're ready for the E-memory dump any time. CC And the only other checklist change we got for you is on page 2-51. �SL-II MC-79/2 Time: 11:24 a.m. CDT, 01:03:24 GET 5/26/73 •t SC Who's it for? CC That's for the PLT. SC Ready. , CC Okay, there on panel 390 in the aft lock activation, we want to turn heat exchanger pans 1 ON. And the reason we're doing that, Paul, is we want to stir up the air there prior to getting a sniff sample there. SC The E-MOD's coming at you. CC Roger. SC Okay, JOB, you want the number 1 fan, or do you want them all on? CC Just the number 1. SC Okay. And we chose - like you to look at how we got that great big load on MAIN A because, as we remember at it, it just sort of kinda of took care of itself there. We were turning heaters on and off. But whatever heater cycle^ it was on, or maybe you'll see something on the data, but I 11 tell you, we had one big load on that bus for a minute. CC Roger. We'll take a look at it. CC And, for info, our attitude plan is, after we do the CMG reset here at Honeysuckle - at Hawaii, we're going to command a small pitch maneuver to get a little more power in preparation for activation. CC Roger. SC And, Pete, we got one more probe question for you here in trying to psyche this one out^ SC Go ahead. CC Okay. If the probe is not bagged yet, if you'll look, minus X along the probe and using the strut with the yellow end on it as a 12 o'clock reference, I wonder if you could give us the clocking of the capture latch which is sticking in. SC Hey, Rusty, on page 2-11 is the one you can't see on that picture. CC Okay, I've got it. And let me ask you another question. Jlave you rotated the head of the probe? Or do you think it's the same as it was for docking attempts? SC We haven't touched that, and I'm sure it's the same. It's just the way we took it out of there. Okay. Fine. So that's - looking in the CC I was saying that's something like 7 or 8 o'clock. direction, I don't know. It's in the bag now. SC Okay, fine. We've got it. Thank you. CC (Garble), Houston. SC Go ahead. CC Okay, we passed the TDI monitor check SC It's pure white. Nothing that we could with flying colors, see at all. �SL-II MC-79/3 Time: 11:24 a.m. CDT, 01:03:24 GET 5/26/73 CC Roger; copy. That's good news. SC And we're on our way to the MDA. I wish I had a poloroid picture to send down to you guys from the inside of this command module with three suits, all that gear, a drogue, a probe, and a hatch, Joe, Paul, and Pete. CC Roger. I'd like to see that myself. SC It's unbelievable. CC Okay, the CMG maneuver is coming up and we got the E-memory dump; you're cleared to do the power down now. SC Okay, going to P06. SL-II MC-80/1 Time: 11:35 a.m. CDT, 1:03:35 GET 5/26/73 Cc And, Pete, if you have the docking index angles available, we'd like to get those. SC It's minus 1.5. CC Roger; copy. Minus 1.5. cc Skylab, Houston. We're about 15 seconds from LOS. Looking good going over the hill. We'll see you at Hawaii at 45. ., , gC Okay, we've done the E—Mode. The (garble) is deactive and (garble) proceed the MDA hatch opened. CC Roger; copy. , t 5C Paul just went in, and he said it s very cold in there with the (garble). CC 50 in there, I think. SC Yeah, boy, and it looks great. He just turned on the lights. Skylab Control, Houston, at 16 hours PA0 35 minutes ground elapsed time. We've just had loss of sig­ nal with Honeysuckle. Hawaii will be the next station to acquire. We heard the rather lengthy discussion over Honey­ suckle with the crew aboard Skylab, Pete Conrad reporting the TDI sample tube completely white. At that point they proceeded to open the hatch to the multiple docking adapter. You heard the remarks that it was quite cold in there, in the order of 50 degrees. The lights in the multiple docking adapter apparently working. The main A undervolt, referred to as in the command service module, Conrad speculating that possibly a configuration of all the heaters on at once could have caused this. This data will be looked at on the ground. Meanwhile, as we approach Hawaii, a maneuver is planned to pitch the vehicle down 11 degrees to an attitude of 36 degrees, and this providing for a better electrical power system, which will be utilized in the course of the activation today. This pitch-down maneuver has been computed by the EGIL flight controller in the Mission Control Center, and the command will be given by the ASCO console. We're at 16 hours 37 minutes Greenwich mean time, and this is Skylab Control, Houston. END OF TAPE � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000081 Title A name given to the resource "SL-II MC75/3 Time: 10:17 a.m. CDT, 1:02:17 GET 5/26/73" - "SL-II MC-79/3 Time: 11:24 a.m. CDT 1:03:24 GET 5/26/73." Description An account of the resource This mission commentary depicts the Skylab 2 crew working to secure the fastening between the Skylab 2 command module and the Skylab 1 habitat. This mission commentary also depicts the Skylab II crew working on the life support systems. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-05-25 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource John F. Kennedy Space Center Skylab Program Skylab 1 Skylab 2 Conrad, Charles, Jr. Weitz, Paul J. Kerwin, Joseph P. Multiple docking adapters Type The nature or genre of the resource Transcripts Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 17, Folder 2 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14417/sdsp_skyl_000082_001.pdf 78339f6efea95b8bb290079da53b97b9 PDF Text Text SL-II MC-81/1 Times 11:44 a.m. CDT, 1:03:44 GET 5/26/73 PAO Skylab Control Houston, at 16 hours 45 minutes Greenwich mean time apporaching acquisition now with Hawaii. As we last saw the Skylab vehicle over Honey­ suckle the multiple docking adapter hatch was just being opened and the pilot Paul Weitz was proceeding inside as the activation of the orbital workshop was at it's very beginning. Standing by now for acquisition. CC Skylab, Houston to Hawaii for 9-1/2 minutes. SC Okay Houston, we're in the MDA and we're pretty busy. I'm working on (garble) and we're jumping around a little bit to try and clean up the command module because we got so much stuff in it. So we're moving the probe and drogue at this place. Be advised that nobody has had any trouble so far in the MDA. And be advised to tell the doctors that we did not in fact try our motion sickness pills this morning because none of us felt like we needed them. CC Roger, copy. SC Also we've got a window shade dump. And the command module is really beginning to pick up water on the inside of it I noticed. Our side hatch has got quite a bit of moisture on it and so do our windows. Just generally picking up moisture all over. But now that we've got this MDA dry air I think maybe that will help a little bit. CC Roger, copy. CC Skylab, Houston. The pitch maneuver's in work, should be about 11 degrees. SC Okay, we're going to (garble) this up up here so you guys can maneuver away to your hearts content. SC So far we've collected one screw, one nut, and one piece of red thread floating around in the MDA otherwise it's clean as a whistle. It's very nice. CC Roger, copy. PAO That's commander Pete Conrad reporting on the status of the multiple docking adapter inside. PAO Sky lab Control Houston, the Skyled) crew now inside the multiple docking adapter as the activation process has started. CC Skylab, Houston, whenever it's con­ venient we'd like to get a reading on the CL seunple. SC Okay, Houston, it was about 5 parts per million. CC Roger, copy. PAO Very little conversation with the crew at this time. Apparently preoccupied and busy as - as they start through their checklist. CC Skylab, Houston, we're about 15 seconds from LOS. We'll be picking you up at Goldstone at 57. �SL-II MC-81/2 Time: 11:44 a.m. CDT, 1:03:44 GET 5.26.73 SC Okay Houston, the MDA Doc is in the command module and the suit circuit is deactivated. CC Copy. PAO Skylab Control Houston, we've had loss of signal with Hawaii. We should be picking up Goldstone in approximately 2 minutes. SL-II MC-82/1 Time: 11:55 a.m. CDT, 1:03:55 GET 5/26/73 CC Skylab, Houston. Stateside for 5 minutes. PAO Skylab Control, Houston, standing by now for acquisition there with Goldstone. The five parts per million CO referred to in that test is well within acceptable limits. SC Roger, Houston, and we may be off the air here. We're going through umbilical connect crap and so forth. CC Roger. PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 17 hours 2 minutes Greenwich mean time. A very little conversation with the crew as they're continuing through the checklist as the activation inside the multiple docking adapter continues. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-83/1 Time: 12:06 p.m. CDT, 1:04:06 GET 5/26/73 PAO Skylab Control, Houston. We've just had loss of signal. Our next station to acquire will be Newfoundland. PAO As the activation of multiple docking adapter proceeds. Commander Pete Conrad presumably is spending much of his time inside the command and service module, squaring things away at that point, while Kerwin and Weitz, we would expect, are mainly preoccupied with the MTA activities. We're at 17 hours 7 minutes ground Greenwich mean time. This is Skylab Control, Houston. CC Skylab, Houston through Bermuda for 7-% minutes. SC Okay, Houston. We're hooking up umbilical for SPS PT configuration check's been made; those guys are pressing on. CC Roger, Copy. PAO That was Commander Pete Conrad responding from the command module, stating that Kerwin and Weitz are pressing on. PAO Henry Hartsfield, our CAP COM, here in Mission Control. PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 17 hours 13 minutes Greenwich mean time. About 2 minutes 45 seconds remaining on this pass over Bermuda. The activation of multiple docking adapter continuing with Kerwin and Weitz working inside, and meanwhile. Commander Pete Conrad remain­ ing in the command and service module. We'll stand by and continue to monitor the conversation that takes place during this pass. CC Skylab, Houston, we're about 1 minute to LOS. Be seeing you at Canaries at 17. SC Roger, Houston. CC Okay, no need to acknowledge. And for your info, we're playing back the data, now on the main A undervolt. We don't think it's a big problem at this point, but we are working on a plan. We'll have them for you later this morning and we may want to change some switches and bus setups in the command module. SC Yeah, that's what we finally concluded that it wasn't just sure we got too many heaters or some - PAO Skylab Control, Houston. We've had loss of signal with Bermuda. The next station to acquire is Canary in less than one minute. We'll stand by and continue to monitor. Meanwhile, the crew aboard Skylab continuing to press on through the activation, Weitz and Kerwin, presently in the multiple docking adapter; Pete Conrad communicating with the ground through the command and service module. It appears at this point, the Skylab Crew very much on their time line for the activation. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC84/1 Time: 12:17 p.m. CDT, 1:04:17 GET 5/26/73 PAO It appears at this point the Skylab crew very much on their time line for activation. CC Skylab Houston through Canaries for about 15 minutes. SC Okay, Houston. PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 17 hours 23 minutes Greenwich mean time. Almost no conversation with the crew during this pass. The crew most preoccupied at this point as they go through their checklist for activation. PAO Skylab Control, Houston. The EGIL flight controller reports, looking at his data that the caution warn­ ing system is working in good shape aboard the MDA. Very little conversation over the flight director's loop at this point, controllers monitoring their consoles, watching data as it appears. SC Hello. CC Hello. CC Skylab, Houston, you called? PAO We heard the callup from Pete Conrad to conjecture here. He was CC Did you call? PAO The conjecture here that he was trying to reach Weitz and Kerwin via the comm loop in the workshop. SC Say Houston, Paul wanted me to tell you he's got a primary coolant temp low. Is that to be expected? CC Standby 1. Roger that's expected. Temps are running real low down there in the MDA. SC Okay the other thing is I've gone all the way through the complete hookup and includes panel 230 CSMs with (garble). It actually got in a barber pole and none of our SIA's need to talk to one another down there. CC Roger, we copy. During one of those checkouts we heard someone say hello, hello there on the trans­ mitter, I guess. SC That was me, Jim, sitting on VOX 98. That doesn't count. CC Okay. CC Houston. SC Go ahead. CC Those SIAs aren't going to work until you get down to the page 233 there for the PLT where he puts the 8 audiocircuits in; closes those. SC Okay. PAO The SIA is the intercom system aboard the workshop. SC We figured it was some place here. �SL-II MC84/2 Time: 12:17 p.m. CDT, 1:04:17 GET 5/26/73 SC Hey, Brad, SPT is about to start ATM panel Y activation. CC Roger, and I assume that all the items previous to that have been accomplished. SC That's affirmative. PAO That report from Skylab that the Science Pilot, Joe Kerwin getting ready to start the Apollo telescope mount activation, moving well along now into the time line. We presently show a Greenwich mean time of 17 hours 32 min­ utes. And 1 minute 45 seconds until loss of signal with Ascension. CC Skylab Houston we're about a minute and a half from LOS. Next contact is Carnarvon at 01 and at Carnarvon we plan to uplink a test message to the teleprinter and when you get that you can take a look at it and tell us if it looks all right and then we'll be all set to send the pads and the rest of the uplinks. SC Okay. SL-II MC-85/1 Time: 12:33 p.m. CDT, 1:04:33 GET 5/26/73 SC How do you read from the MDA, Houston? CC Okay, we're reading you, Paul. There's a little squeal in the background. Looks like you're getting some feedback from SIAs there. SC Yeah. That was one of them. Okay. CC Hey, you sounded real good then. SC Roger. We're getting there. SC PLT's on page 2-35. CC Roger, copy. SC The CDR's finishing up primary GLY ADAPT DRYOUT, and I'll (garble) where the glycol circ reads (garble), CC Roger. Copy. PAO We just heard from Pilot Paul Weitz, speaking through the intercom aboard the workshop. SC Houston, Skylab. CC Go ahead. SC Never mind, we'll catch you later. CC Okay. Well, I've got a few seconds to LOS. PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 17 hours 34 minutes Greenwich mean time. We've just had loss of signal on this Ascension pass. The next station to acquire will be Carnarvon, and at that time, from the Mission Control Center, we will do an initial checkout of the teleprinter system aboard Skylab. This is Skylab Control, Houston. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC86/1 Time: 12:59 p.m. CDT, 1:04:59 GET 5/26/73 PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 1800 hours Greenwich mean time. We're standing by now for acquisition of signal over Carnarvon. We presently show the workshop in an orbit of 240.5 nautical miles by 234.2 nautical miles. During this Carnarvon pass we should have the initial check­ out of the teleprinter aboard the workshop. We'll standby now and continue to monitor any conversations as they develop. CC Skylab Houston through Carnarvon and Honeysuckle for about 10 minutes. SC Roger, Houston. How do you read? CC Roger, read you loud and clear. SC GARBLE okay the CDR has completed the command module configuration through CM02 systems config and I just completed the caution and warning checkout on the GARBLE except for 392. And we're waiting right now to go into the lock and the OWS; we're configuring for that. CC Roger and we do have things we'd like for you to set up in the command module. Are you up there now? SC Yeah, but what do you want set up in the command module? CC Okay we've looked at this heater prob­ lem; we think you've already powered down enough things that you're probably not going to get that undervolt again. However, we would like to go ahead and reconfigure the heaters. We were going to do it tonight anyhow but we'll go ahead and do it and then we'll be doubly sure that we probably won't get another undervolt, if you want to do that now. SC Okay, if you'll wait 2 seconds I'll take you down into the command module and you can tell me what to do. CC And Skylab for information we're going to command the fill valves closed according to flight plan. SC Okay and I'm down in the command module now. Could you tell me what you want done? CC Okay, panel 226; circuit breaker 02 fiftywatt heaters Main A, tow; MAIN A OPEN. SC Was that two breakers? CC That is tank 2, MAIN A. SC Are you with us Houston? CC Okay, we're in a hole right now between Carnarvon and Honeysuckle. How do you read? SC You're right it was 251 OPEN, right, MAIN A? CC Positive, tank 2 MAIN A OPEN. On 50 watt. SC That's done. �SL-II MC86/2 Time: 12:59 p.m. CDT, 1:04:59 GET 5/26/73 CC Okay on panel 2. SC Yeah. CC Okay our H2 heaters, one, OFF. 02 heaters. one, OFF. And H2 fans, one, OFF and H2 fans, two, OFF. CC Skylab how do you read me? SC (static) are you going to (GARBLE) us 1? Hello, hello. CC Skylab Houston we're in a key hole now. If you'll hang on a second or two. SC GARBLE. CC Okay, I think we're pretty good now, how about you? CC Okay. On panel 2 that was H2 heaters, one; 02 heaters, one OFF. That was two switches. SC Okay, H2 heater, one, and 02 heater, one. are OFF. CC Okay and H2 fans 1 and 2, OFF. CC CDR did you copy that last on the H2 fans? SC Where'd you disappear to that time? CC I don't know. Did you get the H2 fans OFF? SC I got the H2 fans OFF, yeah. CC Okay. That's it. SC Houston, SPT. CC Go ahead. SC Okay on the panel activation I suppose you know, but I want to be reassured that we have a power system alert light, a bat charger alert light, the battery and charger lights on CBRN 15 are ON and the - our charger the bat charge bat volts"-and reg volts talkbacks are all barberpoled. Does that jive with the power problems that you've got? cc That's affirmative. That all jives, Joe. We've lost that CBRM. sc Okay and I did not connect the CBRM an­ tenna because my assumption is we aren't going to use the I don't mean CBRN or FNRBM, the noise burst monitor. Now I'm ready to do the DAS test if you are. cc Okay standby the DAS test. We agree with the other things you said. sc Glad you can understand them. CC SPT, Houston. CC SPT, Houston. sc (Static) (Garble). cc SPT, Houston. I'm reading you broken. We would like for you to go ahead and configure for the GARBLE. We are not going to use it. We'll correct that but we would like to get it connected up. �SL-II MC86/3 Time: 12:59 p.m. CDT, 1:04:59 GET 5/26/73 SC Oh. Houston are you there? CC Roger. How do you read? SC Okay. Do you want the EP spec on or off on the panel 16? CC Roger. We want it on - ON. CC SPT, Houston. SC Houston. CC Joe we'd like to make one last attempt on that CBRN number 15. We'd like you to hit the ALL/ON switch. SC You bet. Okay we did it Hank and the lights are out at the moment. CC Hey, looks like me may have it back. SC Whoopee. CC We'll know when we get some sunlight. SC That'll be soon, right? CC We've got about 3 minutes to go. And we're about 10 seconds from LOS. We'll be seeing you at Hawaii at 23 and we plan to dump the data recorder there. SC Okay. CC And your teleprinter message should be up there now. SC We'll take a look. PAO Skylab Control Houston at 18 hours 12 minutes Greenwich mean time. The next station we'll acquire will be Hawaii in approximately 11-1/2 minutes. The later portion of that pass over Honeysuckle that was Joe Kerwin the Science Pilot who was speaking with Hank Hartsfield while he was at the Apollo telescope mount control and display panel, going through the activation process there. Eighteen hours, 13 minutes Greenwich mean time this is Skylab Control Houston. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-87/1 Time: 1:22 p.m. CDT, 1:05:22 GET 5/26/73 CC Houston through Hawaii for 9 minutes. SC Roger, Houston. Paul's down turning on the fans in the OWS at this time. Joe is monitoring him (garble) further word for you on that in just a minute. I can see Paul is on his way back up now. CC Roger; copy. PAO Hank Hartsfield talking to Skylab through Hawaii. SC Your teleprinter message came through. It's kind of faded at the end. I hope they come through better than that. CC Do you mean that all the message wasn't there, or it just printed rather weakly at the end? SC It printed rather weakly at the end. SC Okay, Paul is out. He's closing the (garble) lock hatch at this time. CC Copy. PAO Skylab Control, Houston. That's Paul Weitz who's taken off the airlock module aft hatch. Entered the orbital workshop and appears to have activated the fans. CC Skylab, Houston. For information we're going to have to do another CMG reset here. Be coming up in a couple of minutes. SC Okay, Houston. What's the problem? We've had two ACS^malfs here in the last couple of minutes. CC ~ Well, the CMGs are saturated now (garble). SC Okay, all right. Are you ready for the DAS test yet? CC Roger. SC Okay, here comes a (garble). CC Skylab, Houston. We just want him to TACS on the control mode. SC Did you do that? CC Negative, I think it went out 20 degrees in attitude to cause it, and we'd like for you to stay off the DAS while we command the system. SC Roger. CC Skylab, Houston. We're about 1 minute from LOS. Goldstone coming up at 35. SC Roger. Do you still want us to stay off the DAS? CC Okay, you can clear the caution on your ACS malf, and we'll be standing by for Goldstone for the DAS checks. SC Okay. PAO Skylab Control, Houston. We're about a minute and a half away now from acquisition by Goldstone. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-88/1 |Time: 1:34 p.m. CDT, 01:05:34 GET w5/26/73 CC Skylab, Houston through Goldstone for 6 minutes SC Hello. SC Hello, Houston, we hear you. CC Okay. Read you loud and clear. SC Hey, Houston; PLT. CC PLT, go ahead. SC Okay, on our very quick inspection, the OWS appears to be in good shape. It feels a little bit warm, as you might expect. From the 3 or to 5 minutes I spent in there, I would say, subjectively, it's about - it's a dry heat, I guess. It feels like 90 to a 100 degrees in the desert. Hank, I could feel heat radiating from all around me, but in the short time I was in there, I never felt un­ comfortable. I had the soft shoes and the gloves on, and nothing I touched even felt hot to me. CC Roger; copy. PA0 It's Paul Weitz giving his first - cc SPT, are you ready for those DAS tests? SC That's affirmative. sc Okay, I'm going to give you 10,000. Please acknowledge. cc SPT, you got a GO on the first one. SC Okay, here comes 20,000. cc And, Paul, did you notice the duct flows when you turned the fans on downstairs? SC If you want numbers, I didn't notice numbers. They came up to what I expected to be normal. cc Okay; copy. And you have a GO on the second one, Joe. sc Okay, and did I get this fuse thing going? Turned on eight fans down there. SC You did want only eight fans turned on for this, right? cc And, SPT, you got a GO on the third one. We wanted all twelve fans, but that's okay. SC All right. PA0 We heard Paul Weitz's first assessment of the workshop. CC SPT, you got a GO on number 1. CC SPT, GO on number 2. PA0 Meanwhile, Science Pilot, Joe Kerwin, making an initial checkout of the ATM digital computer. CC j, A GO on number 3. cc JwpjV And you have a GO on number 4. All look good. SC >• 1 Okay, thank you. And, Hank, it looks as if CPRs 15 came off the line again. Is that right? CC Roger; we concur. I think we still got :roubles with it. SC Okay. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000082 Title A name given to the resource "SL-II MC-81/1 Time: 11:44 a.m. CDT, 1:03:44 GET 5/26/73" - "SL-II MC-88/1 Time: 1:34 p.m. CDT 1:05:34 GET 5/26/73." Description An account of the resource This mission commentary depicts the Skylab 2 crew trying to resolve a low temperature problem in the scientific airlock. The commentary also depicts the Astronaut assessment of the Orbital Workshop high temperature problems. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-05-26 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource John F. Kennedy Space Center Skylab Program Skylab 1 Skylab 2 Conrad, Charles, Jr. Weitz, Paul J. Kerwin, Joseph P. Multiple docking adapters Apollo Telescope Mount Life support systems Space habitats Type The nature or genre of the resource Transcripts Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 17, Folder 2 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14418/sdsp_skyl_000083_001.pdf 12a36424c49c562a45c2a669ddf70905 PDF Text Text SL-II MC-88/2 Time: 1:34 p.m. CDT, 01:05:34 GET 5/26/73 SC And by the way, Houston, this is SPT. I take it you didn't have any changes for me on page 2-38 for addition. CC That's affirmative; no changes there. And if you want to clear that BATT VOLTS light, I guess you can turn the charger and reg off - SC Okay. CC - - and number 15 there. SC Okay, (garble). CC And, Joe, while you're there, do you have any other talkbacks on the fire system that look like they might be out of kilter? SC CDR says the fire detection system checked out 40. CC Roger; copy. CC Skylab, Houston. We're about 10 seconds from LOS; we'll pick you up again over Bermuda at 45. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-89/1 Time: 13:45 p.m. CDT, 1:05:45 GET 5/26/73 CC Skylab, Houston, through Mila for 10-1/2 minutes. sc Gosh Houston, we're just (garble) your checklist here. Cc I didn't copy that last. Would you say again? , , SC By gosh, we're just logging along on the checklist here and we're gonna (garble) TDI sampling in the OWS area after awhile. CC Roger, copy and for - Joe if you are still at the ATM console, we would like for you to stay off the DAS. We're gonna - we think the reason that our momentum is building up is we're a little bit out of plane so we're gonna command a Z rotation. SC Okay, you got it. PAO This would be a pitch down of some 6 degrees; this maneuver coming up. ASCO will be the flight controller putting in the command. PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 18 hours and 48 minutes Greenwich mean time. We heard from commander Pete Conrad reporting that they're moving well along on the time line. Paul Weitz has been inside the workshop. He gave a very good description of the temperature inside. CC Skylab to the CDR. SC Houston, SPT. CC Go SPT. Spt Roger, I'm not sure if it's okay for me to go ahead with pages 2-42 and 2-43 or not with what you guys are doing. CC Stand by. CC Okay Joe, the DAS is yours and also we got a little message for the CDR. SC Go ahead and I'll relay. CC Okay, we goofed up a while ago and didn't beat the quiscent checklist against our power down on the panel 226, so next time Pete goes up there we d like for him to go to 226 and turn 02 heater number 2, 100 watt, close the main B circuit breaker. SC Okay. PAO That last comment refers to the heater configuration aboard the command and service module. sc Okay, Houston that was 100 watt 02 heater 2 MAIN B. Right? CC That is affirmative. SC It's on. CC Thank you sir. Skylab, Houston, we're about 1 minute cc from LOS. We'll be picking up Ascension at 02. �SL-II MC-89/2 Time: 13:45 p.m. CDT, 1:05:45 GET 5/26/73 Skylab Control Houston, we've had loss of signal with Bermuda. Ascension will be acquired by Skylab in approximately 6 minutes. We're now at 18 hours 56 minutes Greenwich mean time, this is Skylab Control Houston. SL-II MC90/1 Time: 1:58 p.m. CDT, 1:05:58 GET 5/26/73 PA0 . PA0 Skylab Control, Houston, at 19 hours and I minute Greenwich mean time, less than a minute away now from acquisition through Ascension. This should be a long pass over the Ascension station, somewhere in excess of 10 minutes. cc Skylab, Houston through Ascension for II minutes. sc Roger, Houston; SPT. Over. cc Roger. Go ahead. sc Okay. In rolling the canister to unlock the GSE nitrogen purge fitting, the initial roll postion was minus 1440 instead of 1350 per the checklist. I thought about it and went ahead and did the procedure? and it appeared to work very well. I then deployed the scan spec mirror to the unlock position per the red line checklist. And looked at the DAS counter 2 scan spec mirror position; it read 6901, | f which is garbage. I just thought I'd pass that along for evaluation and reassurance. cc Roger. Copy. sc I think it's because I don't have the experiment powered up yet. cc That is affirmative. That's the reason, Joe. sc Okay, and I'm about to sample TDI through y the aft hatch. cc Roger. Copy. PA0 Joe Kerwin reporting he's getting ready to sample the TDI through the aft airlock module hatch. .cc Skylab, Houston. Ww're going to be starting a pitch maneuver here shortly to get you 6 degrees more into the Sun for power, and we'd like you to stay clear of the DAS. cc Skylab, Houston. Did you copy, reference the DAS? sc No. Say again. cc Roger. We're going to be commanding a maneuver in pitch, and we'd like to keep the DAS free. sc Okay, it is. Joe is in sampling the workshop air right now. cc Roger. Copy. sc CDR is taking out the launch pins for • the film vault, and the PLT is in the midst of his - getting ready for water separator (garble) wetting. CC Roger. Copy. CC Skylab, Houston. The DAS is yours. SC GARBLE. PA0 Skylab Control, Houston; 19 hours 7 minutes Greenwich mean time. Science Pilot Joe Kerwin has been into �fcL-II MC90/2 Rme: 1:58 p.m. CDT, 1:05:58 GET 5/26/73 the workshop taking samples. The crew moving well along in compliance with their time lines at this point. END OF TAPE SL-II MC-91/1 Time: 2:00 p.m. CDT, 01:06:10 GET 5/26/73 CC Skylab, Houston. CC Skylab, Houston. CC Skylab, Houston. (static) and set it at 19:21. It's just past 19:21 and it looks like you're GO for (static). CC Skylab, Houston. PAO Skylab Control, Houston. We've just gone out of acquisition range with Ascension. The next station to acquire will be Carnarvon, some 22 minutes from this time. The last message passed by Henry Hartsfield, which may or may not have been heard by the crew, was a request to command reset for a roll maneuver. Since we have been experiencing some drift in attitudes, and to do this via the control moment gyros versus the attitude thrusters would be highly desirable from the mission point-of-view. We're at 19 hours 14 minutes Greenwich mean time, this is Skylab Control, Houston. END OF TAPE SL-II MC-92/1 Time: 2:26 p.m. CDT, 01:06:26 GET 5/26/73 PAO Skylab Control, Houston, at 19 hours 26 min­ utes Greenwich mean time, and 2:25 p.m. central daylight time. One point of clarification, when Paul Weitz first entered the orbital workshop, he was wearing a mask and was observed by Science Pilot, Joe Kerwin, during this time, through the hatch while he, too, was wearing a mask. The TDI CO sampling, which was done following this, took place through the aft airlock module hatch with no crewmember inside the orbital workshop. This is Skylab Control, Houston. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-93/1 Time: 2:34 p.m. CDT, 01:06:34 GET 5/26/73 PAO This is Skylab Control at 19:34 Greenwich mean time, 30 seconds out from the Carnarvon, Australia, Track­ ing Station. A pass that will last about 10 minutes and 40 seconds. A short hop across West Irian and to the Guam tracking coverage. We should have acquisition at this time; we'll stand by for CAP COM's call. SC Skylab, Houston through Carnarvon for 10 minutes. CC Skylab, Houston. Do you have anything to report on the TDI sniff? SC It's cooking. It's time (garble), Houston, and so far it doesn't look like anything, but we'll let it run its full (garble). CC Roger; copy. And for the SPT, we just dug out some info and learned that the canister was launched with a roll of 14 30. So the reading he got was right on the money. SC Okay. He's nodding his head, and if you're looking at the data, you may have just seen a note to (garble) the command module. We activated the water system again so that we could get some chow. CC Roger; copy. And to help our pyro situation, I guess we'd like to get the OWS entry lights turned off there in the aft lock here while we're eating lunch - after you com­ plete the sniff. SC Okay, we'll get that as soon as we're done testing for TDI. I though I turned them off when I came out. Hank. CC Okay, you may have. Yeah, he did. SC If you think I'm not power conscious here, I thought I'd thought about it, and you guys caught me. And I have something else for you on the corner space tank dump system. (Garble) heaters when you're ready to listen. CC Okay, go ahead. SC Turn to procedure on page - wait until I find the page. CC And we'd like for you to keep clear of the DAS for the next few minutes. SC I'm within 3 feet of it. That won't hurt it, will it? CC That'll be safe enough. SC On page 119, Henry, he's preping for this You ready to listen to me? You were talking about some­ thing else to somebody else. CC Go ahead. SC Okay. Anyway, apparently, on our corner space tank, it appears that the secondary vent heater did not work. I turned it on, and the light came on, and I came back �• SL-II MC-93/2 Time: 2:34 p.m. CDT, 01:06:34 GET 5/26/73 and checked it about 20 minutes later. The temperature was reading zero. I cycled the circuit breaker. The light went out and came back on. I went to primary, and afterwhile its temperature came right on up. So I went ahead and did that dump, using the primary system. You might think about it and see what other readings you have on the ground, if any, and 1 let us know. CC Roger; we copy. Su . • Also, I don't know, but I turned that heater off about 10 minutes ago, after having dumped through it, and the temperature is still pegged high, in excess of 150. cc Roger; we copy. Sky lab, the DAS is yours. ^. Skylab, Houston. For info, we're going to be sending up via teleprint, hopefully prior to the stateside pass, some mod's to the parasol deployment checklist; so you'll have time to browse them over before you have to do it. sc Okay. CC Skylab, Houston. One minute to LOS; Guam at 49. sc Okay. Stand by for the TDI results. CC Okay. S(- , TD1 level's okay. There's no discernable change in color. cc Roger; copy. That's good news. ,fc Smells kind of funny in there, though. Smells like hot metal for some reason. cc Roger. sc Or it's from this vent on. ^ Smell anything like butterscotch pudding? . PA0 , This is Skylab Control. We've had loss of signal through the Carnarvon, Australia, Tracking Station. About 2-1/2 minutes to Guam. We'll leave this circuit up for that small jump across to the Guam station. At 19:46 Zulu and standing by, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC94/1 Time: 2:47 p.m. CDT, 1:06:47 GET 5/26/73 CC Skylab, Houston through Guam for 9 minutes. SC Roger, Houston. SC Roger. We'll have some (garble) results for you in a couple or 3 minutes. CC Okay. Standing by. SC Hello, Houston. CC Roger. Go ahead. SC Okay. No detectable CO, according to our tester in the workshop. CC Roger. Copy. SC We're going to close the hatch again and eagerly awaiting your GO for entry. CC Roger. SC You want me to turn on those other three spare, other four fans, Hank, or just let her run on eight. CC Stand by 1. 9C Okay, Paul. We'd like to just leave it like it is now, and you can turn out the lights and go on about your business. sc Okay. That's complete; the lights are out, and Joe's securing the airlock aft hatch, right now. SC And we're going to leave the airlock forward hatch open. (Consider the airlock is - the walk compartment of the airlock is usable and livable. CC Roger. We concur. sc Hey, Henry. I've got one more question for the ECS guys. CC Okay. Go ahead. SC Okay. I don't want to waste going through one of these water separator plate wetting deals. The dewpoint right now is 36 degrees. Is it going to do me any good to wet the plates now and put them in? CC Stand by 1. SC Okay. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-95/1 Time: 2:55 p.m. CDT, 1:06:55 GET 5/26/73 CC Standby one. SC Okay. CC Skylab, Houston. For Paul - well we'll go ahead and delay doing that right now. Looks like it's going to be quite awhile before we need the things. If it turns out that we do need them, it looks like the SPT may have some free time later to say it. sc Yeah, okay. That's just a rather lengthy procedure and I didn't want to waste time doing it twice, that's all Hank. CC Okay, and we got about 1 minute to LOS so we'll be coming up at Goldstone at 14. SC Roger. sc (garble) around here. Hey, something else for them to think about is since we got a late start we got about 2 hours and 45 minutes left to go in the bake out of bed 1. You ought to ask Vick what they want to do about bake out of bed 2. CC Roger, copy. SC .. Well, why don't we do it tonight or put it off until tomorrow morning on that one? PA0 This is Skylab Control. 19:59 Greenwich mean time. Loss of signal out of the Guam station. 14 minutes and a half until acquisition at Goldstone station in the Mojave Desert in California and a fairly lengthy stateside pass through most of the stations. During this just completed pass over Guam, Paul Weitz reported that there has been no change in the TDI level in the workshop. The sensor still came out white. He did comment that it smells like hot metal. OWS pressure holding now at 5.1 pounds. Weitz also reported that there's no detectable carbon monoxide in the workshop. And as they prepare for their lunch meal the crew will close off the workshop but consider the airlock module as a habitable area for the time being until activation of the workshop itself is complete. Currently the Skylab cluster is in an orbit measuring 235.1 nautical miles at Perigee, and 239.2 nautical miles at Apogee. Orbital period 1 hour 33 minutes and 22 seconds. At 20:01 Greenwich mean time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-96/1 Times 15:13 p.m. CDT, 1:07:13 GET 5/26/73 PA0 This is Skylab Control; 20:13 Greenwich mean time, which translates out to 3:13 central daylight time; 44 seconds now from a good solid state-side pass. We've got a LOS, now. cc That's affirmative. It looks like you ought to be coming right up, or near, Seattle. sc Okay. Mr. Weitz just recognized the world? sc Oh yeah. And we'd like you to pass along to the Principal Investigator of ah - sc Pardon me, (chuckle) to Don Lind, that his experiment is in super shape. CC Roger; copy. sc We can see it out the window. cc Skylab, Houston (garble) you notice any lights changing down on your CBRMs. We're managing 5 and 6. Because of the attitude, we're having trouble getting the batteries charged. So, we're just kinda switching them around. So, that would explain any lights that you see on those 2. SC Roger, Houston. sc Say, Houston, you with us? CC That's affirmative. sc _ We're getting ready to eat lunch. Waiting for your GO to go on into the workshop and it's my - contamination goes on any one of these 4 STS windows. They are just as clean as a whistle. They're as clean windows as I've ever seen in a spacecraft. CC Roger; copy. cc CDR, Houston. You're GO for entering OWS and the modifications of procedure should be coming up SC Okay. We're going to go eat. It's kinda hard to get away from the windows, especially for the new boys. CC Roger. SC The Pacific Northwest is really some­ thing. Right now, we're over what appears to be a fairly major weather system with pretty good overcast clouds in the Montana, Dakotas region. CC Roger; copy. CC And for info, we're also going to be doing another CMG reset at 2:08, a nominal (garble). SC Roger. We'll wait for all the clang, bang and the bells to ring. SC Also, Hank, not having spent any great time at 237 nautical miles, why we passed some familiar landmarks like NAS Whimpy and a couple of other airfields. And we can see those runways pretty good. So, hopefully we'll do pretty � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000083 Title A name given to the resource "SL-II MC-88/2 Time: 1:34 p.m. CDT, 1:05:34 GET 5/26/73" - "SL-II MC-96/1 Time: 15:13 p.m. CDT 1:07:13 GET 5/26/73." Description An account of the resource This mission commentary primarily depicts the Skylab 2 crew carrying out maintenance on the life support systems. This mission commentary also depicts the Skylab 2 crew operating the Apollo Telescope Mount. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-05-26 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource John F. Kennedy Space Center Skylab Program Skylab 1 Skylab 2 Conrad, Charles, Jr. Weitz, Paul J. Kerwin, Joseph P. Provisioning Airlock modules Life support systems Space habitats Type The nature or genre of the resource Transcripts Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 17, Folder 2 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14419/sdsp_skyl_000084_001.pdf 799b8f661fc73f3bf0aa9a78a578260b PDF Text Text SL-II MC-97/1 —10? Time: 3:23 p.m. CDT, 1:07:23 GET 5/26/73 sc Pete, tell them about the one operation; it wasn't any easier. Sc Yes, the doctor wanted me to remind you, though, that the one operation that has not changed in the history of manned space flight was just performed by a CDR, and, as usual, its backup (garble) it takes approxi­ mately 1 (garble). CC (Laughter) Roger; copy. SC (garble) and we just passed Florida, as I'm sure you know. And that we were able to make out - the (garble) Cape and from there we could all (garble) could not actually see the buildings. Do you see the cleared area around the VAB? Do you see the (garble) way out to the pads, both pads, and also make out quite distinctly the (garble). CC Wow, must be pretty down there today. SC It looks like they get some super big boomers in Miami, and that's just right to the Cape, too. CC Roger. In fact, one of them must have got us, because we are having a little trouble with our command lines. That teleprinter message on the procedure change may be a little late getting up to you. However, there are no changes, at least up to step 5. SC Okay, good enough. Gosh, something's coming in now. CC Okay, the step 5 was in the parasol deployment. SC That looks like black magic - that stuff coming out of that teleprinter. CC Skylab, Houston. For info, we'll be dumping the data recorded over Bermuda, which is just a couple of minutes from now. SC Okay, and as I remember, the cue cards for the (garble) deployment are in the back of the rendezvous book. Is that right? CC Stand by. CC That's a correct location. Back of the rendezvous book. SC Okay, thank you. SC Hey, Hank, you with us? CC Roger. SC Okay, I rewound the video tape recorder. It took about 3 minutes and 20 seconds for it to rewind. That s all configured for you. CC Roger, thank you. CC Skylab, Houston. Teleprinter load should be up to you now, and you look those over. If you got any comments, you can give them back to us. We got about 1 minute left on this pass. �V SL-II MC-97/2 Time: 3:23 p.m. CDT, 1:07:23 GET 5/26/73 SC Okay, Houston, I've got them in hand, and the teleprinter does a very nice job, except it's awfully faint. . . . SC We don't know whether it s this particular paper or whether that's the way it's going to be the rest of the time. (garble) difficult to read. CC You can read it all, can't you, Pete? SC I think so. Hank. SC Okay, we're just short of LOS. And our next contact is going to be Carnarvon at 13, which is a long time from now, and we'll be dumping the recorder there again. . SC Okay, hopefully we'll have had lunch by then, and we'll work these changes while we're doing lunch. CC Okay. PAO This is Skylab Control. We've had loss of signal apparently. The station is in the eastern test range. Next station Carnarvon in 39 minutes. During the just completed stateside pass, the commander reported that he could see runways on airfields across the northern United States. And commented that, hopefully, we'll do pretty well with EREP, referring to the earth resources experiment package, which does multispectral scanning and photography of Earth features. He also commented that the mobility in zero-g, going back and forth along the multiple docking adapter and airlock to the CSM and performing their activation chores, he commented that the mobility is super. Coming across Florida they reported seeing features at Kennedy Space Center, the cleared area around the vehicle assembly building. Conrad also brought up the fact that the Skylab windows were as clean as any he'd ever seen in any spacecraft. And looking up toward the telescope mount truss, he mentioned that the that Don Lend's experiment was in super shape. This refers to ,,-nr-un Astronaut Don Lend, who is also a co-investigator on experiment t y I number S23Q. magnetospheric particle composition experiment. jtf'yirf.His co-investigator is Dr. Johannes Guiss of the University of /perne in Switzerland. The detector is mounted on the ATM strut, with cuff over it. And the detectors will be brought in during 'the EVA in which the ATM film canisters are retrieved. QT Crew presently is having a lunch meal, and they should be well into preparations for deploying the parasol during the next M stateside pass, which is still another hour and 15 minutes away, when we come across Goldstone. Next station to acquire will be Carnarvon in 36 minutes, followed by Guam, with a slight gap between the two stations. At 20:36 Greenwich mean time, 3:36 central time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-97/2 Time: 3:23 p.m. CDT, 1:07:23 GET 5/26/73 SC Okay, Houston, I've got them in hand, and the teleprinter does a very nice job, except it's awfully faint. SC We don't know whether it's this particular paper or whether that's the way it's going to be the rest of the time. (garble) difficult to read. CC You can read it all, can't you, Pete? SC I think so, Hank. SC Okay, we're just short of LOS. And our next contact is going to be Carnarvon at 13, which is a long time from now, and we'll be dumping the recorder there again. SC Okay, hopefully we'll have had lunch by then, and we'll work these changes while we're doing lunch. CC Okay. PAO This is Skylab Control. We've had loss of signal apparently. The station is in the eastern test range. Next station Carnarvon in 39 minutes. During the just completed stateside pass, the commander reported that he could see runways on airfields across the northern United States. And commented that, hopefully, we'll do pretty well with EREP, referring to the earth resources experiment package, which does multispectral scanning and photography of Earth features. He also commented that the mobility in zero-g, going back and forth along the multiple docking adapter and airlock to the CSM and performing their activation chores, he commented that the mobility is super. Coming across Florida they reported seeing features at Kennedy Space Center, the cleared area around the vehicle assembly building. Conrad also brought up the fact that the Skylab windows were as clean as any he'd ever seen in any spacecraft. And looking up toward the telescope mount truss, he mentioned that the that Don Lend's experiment was in super shape. This refers to Astronaut Don Lend, who is also a co-investigator on experiment number S230, magnetospheric particle composition experiment. His co-investigator is Dr. Johannes Guiss of the University of Berne in Switzerland. The detector is mounted on the ATM strut, with a cuff over it. And the detectors will be brought in during the EVA in which the ATM film canisters are retrieved. Crew presently is having a lunch meal, and they should be well into preparations for deploying the parasol during the next stateside pass, which is still another hour and 15 minutes away, when we come across Goldstone. Next station to acquire will be Carnarvon in 36 minutes, followed by Guam, with a slight gap between the two stations. At 20:36 Greenwich mean time, 3:36 central time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC98/1 Time: 16:12 p.m. CDT, 1:08:12 GET 5/26/73 PAO This is Skylab Control; 21 hours 12 min­ utes Greenwich mean time. We have acquisition at Carnarvon. This Carnarvon pass lasts almost 10 minutes. Flight Direc­ tor Neil Hutchinson has been going over the procedures for deploying the parasol device to understand in his mind, how the thing works, how the rods are attached one at a time and pushed out with retainer knobs attached. CC Carnarvon for 7 minutes and we'll be dump­ ing the recorder. SC Roger. Okay. The CDR's headed into the workshop right now with duals ahead trying to (garble). CC Roger; copy. And the next guy through the airlock there we'd like to get him to turn OWS heat exchange fans number one off. We don't need that anymore and we'll conserve a little power. CC Skylab, Houston. Did you have any ques­ tions on the mods we sent up by teleprinter? SC I just finished incorporating them in the cue card, Hank. We haven't really had the time to go over and review them. We'll do that later. CC Okay. And ah - For the SPT there, he's to set up the TV. We'd like to give you some words on order of priority. The number 1 priority is, that he be able to observe the deployment. If the TV camera's going to inter­ fere with his observation, then eyeballs come first. SC Roger. This morning is the first time I had an inkling you guys wanted to see this and I just haven't thought about it, yet. CC Okay. It's called out there on our page A-4 in the time line. SC Yeah, which I saw this morning for the first time. SC Say, Hank. There's one whale of a lot of stuff in that command module. And we'll see if we can get it out. CC Okay. SC Because in order to neaten it up to leave room for three guys, among other things, we had to dismantle the TV and restow it. In order to get it out, we are going to have to move a whole lot of other stuff. SC We'll try to do it, but we're not promising anything, is what I'm saying, I guess. CC Okay. That's good, but before you try it, take a look out the window and see if you think you're still going to be able to see if the TV camera is installed. SC Ahhh yeah, well, oh I see your side yeah. CC Well, the number 1 priority is being able to see it with your eyballs, and if the camera interferes we don't want the camera. �SL-II MC98/2 Time: 16:12 p.m. CDT, 1:08:12 GET 5/26/73 you cannot see out that window with the TV camera in there. , i tried that yesterday and I coudn t see sc and I didn't get any TV by trying to do both. CC Okay; copy. ,a ,.. i guess, if it's feasible, what we^d like cc to do is have you eyeball the deployment and after it's de­ ployed give us a TV picture of it. SC Understand you. Skylab, Houston. We're about 30 seconds cc from LOS. We'll be coming up on Guam at 27. SC Roger, Houston. . This is Skylab Control; 21:22 Greenwich PA0 mean time, in a gap now between Ca:rnarvon 'Track*"9 and the Guam Island Tracking Station in the western Pacific. Some discussion over Carnarvon on deployment of the parasol through the solar scientific airlock. It was mentioned that TV would be desirable through the command module window as the parasol is extended up above the workshop wall. However, the eyeball observation was prime. TV would be nice, but not to let it interfere with Kerwin's visual observation of the parasol. However, it was mentioned that after it was successfully deployed, it would be highly desirable to have a television picture. The parasol that is being carried was the brain-child of Jack Kinzler, who is Chief*°VidwIre fo? Services Division at Johnson Space Center. The hardware for the parasol, all of the telescoping tubing up, and all or the deployment mechanism adapted to the TO-27 canister we all built in the Tex Services Machine Shop. The parasol canopy was also constructed here at Johnson Space During all of the testing and modification period, the test teams worked around the clock. Most of the testing was .. headed up by Don Arabian. The poles wort, rather Uke oollapa able tent poles, in that they-re aiuminuopolesortubinq o descending diameters to telescope inside each other with sc —ZSiHlrMIS & Hrur- Environment Test Division, building 32. ^"^"^.^rigqers all the care of a parachutte. In fact, parachutte riggers did most of the actual packing_and folding down to a packag iiAnnnnh fro fit into the 8 by 8 inch square canister, which is^some 53 inches long inside. teflon sleeves, then sheets of Teflon on the 4 sides of the canister END OF TAPE �SL-II MC99/1 Time: 4:25 p.m. CDT, 1:08:25 GET 5/26/73 _ which is some 53 inches long inside. PA0 Teflon sleeves, thin sheets of Teflon on the four sf^es the canister, will aid in allowing the canopy to slide outward. The Teflon will act as a lubricant. We're less than a minute away now from Guam station. We'll leave the circuit up for the Guam pass. And we're 25 minutes out of Goldstone. This is Skylab Control standing by. Skylab, Houston through Guam for 8 ramcc Sc Roger, Houston. This is the SPT. (garble) The other two guys are in the workshop getting ready for parasol deployment. cc Roger; copy. And, for your information, we'll be switching the mission timer from B to A according to the Flight Plan. CC Skylab for the SPT. SC Go ahead. cc Okay. Are you up in the STS or ATM panel now? SC I'm moving now, but I can get there (GARBLE.) , ^ ^ . Cc You're picking up a lot of feeabacK through the SIAs, Joe. I'm having trouble reading you l0UdScqUGal* I know. I had my hands full of (garble). iftfl had to use the wrong VOX. Go ahead. . v oh, okay. Sometime when you get a break cc there, we'd like for you to take a look at the Calfax fasteners on the teleprinter print cartridge and see if they are tied. J don't know whether that's - I can't imagine tnem not being tiea, but it's one thing we couldn't check. sc Standby. They're all tied. Hank. CC Okay, thank you. CC Skylab, Houston. For info, we're initializing a shutdown. SC Roger. CC Skylab, Houston. The DAS is yours. CC Skylab, Houston. For information, we're commanding a (garble). SC Roger. CC Skylab, Houston. We're about 15 seconds from LOS. Goldstone at 51. PAO This is Skylab Control, 21:35 Greenwich mean time. And we have gone out of range over the hill from the Guam Island tracking station; 15 minutes now until Goldstone in California. Crew at this time making preparations for attaching the canister containing the Skylab parasol to �SL-II MC99/2 Time: 4:25 p.m. CDT, 1:08:25 GET 5/26/73 the solar airlock (scientific airlock), a rather tedious job of extending the parasol, attaching one section of rod at a time to the central core rod, the main shaft of the parasol. This main shaft is actually part of the hardware for the T027 experiment, and the parasol four diagonal ribs and central hub were simply attached to the existing experiment hardware. The outer ends of the telescoping ribs are attached by screws to the inner plate, end plate, of the canister, and as the canopy is fully extended by successive attachments of rods, much like going down in a hole with drill stem in an oil well, the four screws will be released at the end plate, allowing the ends of the rods to pass on out through the canister past the wall of the workshop and rotate 90 degrees into the four corners, taking the folded parasol canopy with it. At 21:37, up again at Goldstone in 13 minutes, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �• L-II MC-100/1 ime: 16:48 p.m. CDT, 1:08:48 GET 5/26/73 PAO This is Skylab Control. 21:48 Greenwich mean time, 4:48 Central daylight time. Acquisition at Goldstone in 2 minutes 25 seconds. Crew still at this time making preparations for deploying the Skylab parasol. They first have to move a water tank from the floor of the workshop up to it's permanent resting place lashed down up in the - near the dome. During this stateside pass the final discussion of the changes in the deployment procedure for the parasol will be carried out. Just one more stateside pass after this one. And then we are pretty much on the back side of the orbit which takes us through the Hawaii station and Vanguard for several REVs before we start coming back on the main part of the network. Less than a minute now to Goldstone. We'll standby for the initial call from the spacecraft communicator Hank Hartsfield. Standing by at 21:50 Greenwich time, this is Skylab Control. CC Skylab, Houston to Goldstone and stateside for 15 minutes. SC Roger Houston. We have had what we consider to be 3 false alarms from BUS 1 fire detector in the center sleep compartment. And in all(garble) instances, ^fcthey were transient, lasting less than two seconds. However, ^Rhe first time it does give you a start. And for right now we got Bus 1 powered off on that detector. CC Okay. Would you say again the location? SC The detector in the center sleep compartment. Sleep compartment number 2. SC Roger, copy. SC Work is progressing. We've relocated the (garble) holding tank, and that went like a piece of cake, just like two thousand and in one. We've done the tripod move. We got the foil off the SAL. It is in good condition we're in a process of moving the T027 down now, while Joe hunts for the (garble) bags. CC Roger, copy. CC Skylab, Houston. Paul, we're having to manage this momentum and do maneuvers here pretty often as you know and we feel that we can't afford to have a maneuver while you're pushing this thing out. Now you can work all the way up to step 22A, but we'd kind of like to a feel for, later on in the pass here. We got about 12 more minutes. About when are you going to get to that so we can manage the momentum? SC Okay, Hank. Paul heard that and tells me that they don't have a field yet for what they are going to be at that - We'll let you know. �SL-II MC-100/2 Time: 16:48 p.m. CDT, 1:08:48 GET 5/26/73 okay, I just wanted to make you cc aware. I knew you wouldn't know at this point. But as you start working along maybe you can get an idea about when it will be. You bet. SC . ., Skylab, Houston. We'd like to verify cc that - that you have read the procedure and don't have any questions about it because we're starting to come up on the time of day when we don't have many station contacts. In fact, after we dJrop out stateside here, we'll pick you up at Vanguard in about 20 minutes and that's the last pass before Goldstone. Okay, I'll pass that word to the sc workshop Hank. How many minutes left on this pass? Okay, we got 10 minutes here. cc SC Okay. END OF TAPE �• -II MC-101/1 me: 4:56 p.m. CDT, 01:08:56 GET 5/26/73 CC Skylab, Houston. For information, we'll be commanding the spectrometer on the CSM; no action required. SC How do you read, Houston? CC Roger; I'm reading you loud and clear, Pete. SC Okay, I got you on the speaker box (garble). 1 got one of my hot gloves back on again. The speaker box is about 130. We're taking the tape off the box and we're taking our time right now, and if we have any questions on the pro­ cedures, we will wait to ask you. CC Roger; copy. SC It occurs to me, the question I had was why did you want to reverse the sleeves on the SAL tripod? CC Say again, please? SC On the SAL tripod, why did you reverse the speed on it? You know, I just couldn't figure out why (garble). CC That's the screws that - the way the thing is mounted there for launch, Pete, you know, you turn those around, as part of activation. CC SPT, Houston. SC He's down in the workshop. CC Okay. SPT, just give us a call when you're ee for a minute. • SC Can I relay you. Hank? CC Negative. I just got a little pass we want him to perform here sometime when he's free, and I need to read it to him whenever he's got a chance to listen. SC Okay. CC Skylab, Houston. For information, no action required, we're going to do another nominal H-cage in about 2 minutes. SC Okay. CC Skylab, Houston. Is one of the guys near the ATM console? SC No, we're all in the OWS. CC Okay. We're just trying to verify here. We saw a change of status on the CBRM's. We're managing 5 and 6, Now, we're about a minute from LOS now. We'll be picking you up at Vanguard at 17. SC Okay. CC And the reset are the nominal H-cage should be starting now. SC How many minutes until sunset? CC Okay, sunset's coming up in 13 minutes. SC Sure gets hot down here on the stateside pass, and the other thing is when that TACS goes off, it sounds _like somebody's beating on the bottom of the lab with a hammer. CC Roger. PAO This is Skylab Control at 22:06 Greenwich mean time, 5:06 central daylight. Ten minutes to Vanguard Tracking Station. Apparently we have had loss of signal through Mila, a tracking station near Kennedy Space Center �• L-II MC—101/2 ime: 4:56 p.m. CDT, 01:08:56 GET 5/26/73 in Florida. Pete Conrad commented that during this last pass, that moving the water tank from the floor of the workshop up onto the wall, was a "piece of cake". And just a few moments ago, he said that any time the TACS system, or thruster attitude control system fired, it sounds like someone pounding on the workshop with a hammer. We'll bring the line up again at Vanguard in about 9 minutes. At 22:07 Greenwich mean time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000084 Title A name given to the resource "SL-II MC-97/1 Time: 3:23 p.m. CDT, 1:07:23 GET 5/26/73" - "SL-II MC-101/2 Time: 4:56 p.m. CDT 1:08:56 GET 5/26/73." Description An account of the resource This mission commentary primarily depicts the Skylab 2 crew discussing the deployment of the parasol for the alleviation of temperature pressures. The Skylab 2 crew is also depicted making the preparations for the deployment of the solar parasol. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-05-26 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource John F. Kennedy Space Center Skylab Program Skylab 1 Skylab 2 Conrad, Charles, Jr. Weitz, Paul J. Kerwin, Joseph P. Earth Resources Program Apollo Telescope Mount Airlock modules Space habitats Type The nature or genre of the resource Transcripts Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 17, Folder 2 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14420/sdsp_skyl_000085_001.pdf 196f4182d8491230da02868e42c5d280 PDF Text Text / ime: 17:15 p.m. CDT, 1:09:15 GET L-II MC102/1 /26/73 PAO This is Skylab Control, 22:15 Greenwich mean time. Little over a minute out from the Vanguard Tracking Ship for the first pass over that tracking vessel this evening. Three successive - four successive passes, 177 178, 179. After Vanguard, it's long dry spell until we hit the States again now; almost a complete revolution. We should have a status report from the crew during the Vanguard pass on how the work in preparing the Skylab parasol is proceeding. We'll stand by for spacecraft communicator Hank Hartsfield's first call. 22:16 Greenwich mean time, standing by, this is Skylab Control. CDR Houston, you read? CC Roger, read you loud and clear. We're through Vanguard for about 8 minutes. CDR Okay, Houston. Damn it. Between steps 6 and 7 you didn't verify bottom. Teflon flaps is innermost and top is out. And unfortunately, the forward flaps run vertically. Now, do you mean the flaps that are inside, the two vertical running flaps? There are 4 flaps there. If you hadn't sent us the change, we'd understood it. CC Okay. The way that's suppose to be, is he bottom flaps should be folded upwards, then the two side laps folded across, and then the last flap on top should • be folded down. CDR Okay. That means we have to refold it. Do you understand that? CC Right. The purpose of that, Pete, is to keep the SAL door, when it pushes in and down from pulling that flap down. CDR Okay. I'm not arguing with you, I'm telling you we have to change it. Is that what you expected us to have to do, change it? CC Negative, we did not expect that. CDR Because it's not packed that way. You want us to hold while you verify or do you want us to change it? I understand what you're talking about. CC We want it changed, Pete. We want it so that the SAL door will not drag the flap down. So, that top flap has to be on the outside folded down. CDR Top flap folded down. You will have. CC That's the thing we uncovered last night, Pete, when we were working in the trainer. The - When they packed it, we didn't know about that problem with the SAL door. CDR Yeah, I understand that, I just wanted you to understand that we were going to have to rearrange those �^^,-11 MCI02/2 ^R.me: 17:15 p.m. CDT, 1:09:15 GET 5/26/73 flaps because it was not packed the way you described it to start with. CC Okay. We did that in the trainer. That's easy to do. CDR Okay. CC Skylab, Houston. For your info on the maneuver, we're doing a pitch maneuver now to pick up the power situation. We shouldn't have to do that again while we're deploying. Our next nominal H-cage is going to have to be done at 23:39 over Texas, which is on the next contact after Vanguard. So, the only constraint we have on you is that we cannot be maneuvering while you're doing steps 33 to 35 and that is when you actually deploy the parasol. So, if you reach that point in the checklist and it looks like it's getting close to the time we're going to have to do that reset, we're going to have to hold up until we get it completed. CDR We understand that. But we need your steps at the time, so we can write it down. It was 34 and 35 and when are we over Texas? CC Okay. Over Texas at 23:39, that's when we have to do a re - nominal H-cage. And the steps were , 34, and 35. That's when you do the last little push to 5loy the parasol. • CDR Okay. CC Skylab, Houston. We're about 20 seconds to LOS. We'll be picking you up at Goldstone at 28. And ah we show you coming up close to termination of bed-1 bake-out, we want to delay bed 2. CDR Say again about bed-1 bake-out. Hank. CC Roger. According to our time, it's just about through and we want to delay number 2. CDR Okay. PAO This is Skylab Control. We've had loss of signal from tracking ship Vanguard. The Skylab cluster now over the South Atlantic an hour and 2 minutes out of Goldstone; almost a complete rev before the next station pass. We're proceeding quite well on preparing the Skylab parasol for deployment. The Teflon flaps, which are the ends, actually, of long sheets of Teflon on the four sides of the canister, are being repacked so that the upper flap is downward to avoid any binding with the opening of the airlock - scientific airlock door; a fairly minor operation. It was checked out in a trainer last night and found to be the best way to avoid any possible difficulties. At 22:26 Greenwich mean time, up again in 1 hour and 1 minute, this is Skylab Control. OF TAPE \ �SL-II MC-103/1 Time: 18:18 p.m. CDT, 1:10:18 GET 5/26/73 PAO This is Skylab Control, 23:18 Greenwich mean time. Slightly over 9 minutes to acquisition on the final stateside pass of the day. Pickup at Goldstone and just sliced through the western edge of the Texas circle. Flight controll­ ers here in the control room are taking advantage of this long LOS period to drag out brown-bags and go down to the snack bar and other places in the building and in general, stretch their legs. After Goldstone and Texas we have about 3 or 4 successive passes at the lower end of the descending node, passing through the Vanguard tracking ship acquisition range. Orbit continuing to precess westward during this time of the day off the range coming back on to it in the early morning. During the upcoming stateside pass we should get a fairly good estimate or evaluation by the crew on how they stand with the deployment of the Skylab parasol. At least verbal descriptions and if they've found the time to take the effort to unstow the television camera, hopefully a picture. Up again in 7-1/2 minutes with Goldstone acquisition. At 23:20 Greenwich mean this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-104/1 Time: 18:26 CDT 1:10:26 GET 5/26/73 This is Skylab Control 23 hours 26 min­ utes Greenwich mean time, slightly over a minute until acquisition through Goldstone and a small slice of the Texas station. Flight Director Neil Hutchinson went on the flight director loop and asked everyone to settle down after this long LOS period,;sit down and settle down. Everyone anticipating and hoping for a successful Skylab parasol deployment, either completed or near completion. They will leave the air-to-ground line up to catch the first call as we have acquisition of signal. At 23:27 stand­ ing by, this is Skylab Control. CC Skylab, Houston through Goldstone for 12-1/2 minutes. CDR Hello, Houston. CC Hello there. CDR (garble) Be advised we have invented we have - - We are getting a little coolant break. It's pretty warm down there. So we are progressing slow but sure and everything so far is working. cc Okay Pete. We had a little dropout there, some noise. Could you tell us what step you're on? CDR We're about to put rod Delta on. CC Roger, copy. CRR Okay, we had no trouble venting it down. It vented in about 4 minutes and it held zero for 10 minutes without any outgassing. Going at it very smoothly and, so far, the rod extension has gone very easily. And as I say, we're just taking a little heat break. CC Hey, that's a good lick. CDR And Paul has terminated mol sieve IB bake-out. Now we noticed that the dewpoint has gotten up to 44 and we want to know whether you want us to go ahead a little later in the day or (garble) CDR Hello, Houston. Are you there? CC Roger. CDR You're breaking up. Hank. Did you copy my last about the mol sieve? cc Roger, understand you are terminating the bed-1 bake-out. CDR That's right. Also, did you get in on the onboard dewpoint? cc Roger, we copy 44. Is that correct? CDR That's affirmative. If you want us to do it later on, just let us know and we'll do it. Now I have something else on a PP C02. We've got three active sensors and they are all reading differently. Just for your infor­ mation - PAO END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-105/1 Times 18:32 CDT 01:10:32 GET 5/26/73 PLT this is how we'll do it. CDR Now, I got something else on the PCC 02. We've got three active sensors, and they are all reading differently, just for your information. Sieve B IN is read­ ing 2 millimeters, Seive A is reading 3, and surprisingly well,not so surprisingly because , since it's been doing it but Seive A-OUT is reading about 4-1/2. CC Roger, we copy, and we have telemetry on those. CDR Okay. Also, How about, just for onboard information, confirming or correcting our report indication that showed that our Panel 225 the 120 psi 02 regulator is regulating to 140, also, let me look a minute, the N2 is regulating to about 165. CC Okay. Those figures agree with what we got down here, Paul, and they're acceptable. PLT Okay. So everythings working right that way but those are the right numbers. PLT Okay, Henry, Now, let me verify about this parasol extension stuff. CC Okay. Go ahead. PLT We can do everything except Step-33,34, and 35 while you're maneuvering the vehicle. Is that right? CC Stand by 1 minute. CC Skylab, Houston, we're coming up at in about 5 minutes, with the nominal H- case, and we would like for you not to do any more extensions until after maneuver is complete. Once that maneuver is complete, you're clear to press on through the deployment. The thing we don't we don't want to do is be deploying while - when the maneuver is going on and thrust is firing. CDR Okay, I thought that might be the case, which wasn't clear before. When's that maneuver going to be over. You know? CC Stand by. I'll get an answer on that. CDR Okay. Either a time, or another AOS. Just so we know when we can pick up. CC Okay. We are about 6 more minutes on this pass, and then we'll be picking up Vanguard at 54. CDR You cut out, Henry. All I got was 4. Say again. CC Okay. We have about 6 more minutes on this pass, and then we'll pick you up at Vanguard at 54. CDR Okay. When can we continue the mission. You want to wait until we pick up at Vanguard? You give us the GO then? CC s tand by. �SL-II MC-105/2 Time: 18:32 CDT 01:10:32 GET 5/26/73 cc Skylab Houston. You're clear to proceed with the deployment at 23:45. CDR 23:45, Okay. t QQ we're getting a good picture down ^"cDR Okay. That's TV specialist Dr. Kerwin. Paul he - would you look at the picture of the right window, in the foreground you see the see the MDA, that white painted, (garble) behind that is ATM the strutwork, and mostly the@rest of it is dirt. I don't think is this picture you can see the - the thing deployed yet. If you like I 11 take it to the left hand window now, and give you a hand held shot of it. And tell me, what are your - what are TV opportunities? Do you have any over Vanguard? CC That's negative. And we got about 4 minutes left, and if you could give us that other window, we'd appreciate it. CDR (Garbled) CDR Okay, Henry - Let me - You did say we could resume deployment at 23:45? CC That is affirmative. CDR Okay. CC And Joe, before we lose you, we would like to get the TV on tne BTR, in any event. SPT Okay, I'll turn it on, and you guys can start it anytime you want. How's that? CC We're going to have to have you start it, because we probably won't be in a station contact when they get it deployed. SPT Oh. Okay. You wanted - You wanted to get it on the BTR, the deployment itself. CC That is affirmative. SPT Oh. All right. PAO Kerwin has moved the camera over to the left Command Module rendezvous window looking up through the telescope mount truss, back toward the area where the parasol should be poking up through the scientific airlock. You can see the bottom of the — see the bottom of the telescope mount. SPT Okay Henry, you're looking at a hand held view out of the left window, with the monitor between my knee and unfortunately, I don't think you can see the orange sail material, which is right in the center line of that ATM strut - (garble), because I have to move my head to the very right hand side of the window to see it, and I can't get the TV camera in over there. There isn't room. CC I guess we're having trouble seeing it. �s^-ll MC-105/3 Time: 18:32 CDT 01:10,32 GET GET 5/26/73 SPT If I try to move it to the right, the body of the camera's too long, and I can't hack it. CC Skylab, we're about 45 seconds from LOS. Vanguard at 54. PAO This is Skylab Control. We've had loss of signal as the cluster passed out the southern edge of the Texas acquisition circle. Slightly over 12 minutes until acquisition at tracking ship Vanguard, which will be almost straight over head at a 86 degree elevation angle. 90 Degrees being straight up, obviously. Total pass time of 7 minutes and 20 seconds. The crew had attached sev­ eral of the extension rods and had it partially deployed through the airlock scientific, scientific airlock, and on the television picture from the lefthand window, the still folded canapy could be seen at the apex of the truss frame of the telescope mount. Any subsequent television will be loaded on the on-board vidio tape recorder, in as much as there are no more stations with live capability until tomorrow. We'll return with this circuit in 11 minutes with the Vanguard pass. After Vanguard, it will be about an hour and 8 minute gap again until Hawaii. At 23:43 Greenwich mean time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-106/1 Timei 18:52 p.m. CDT, 1:10:52 GET 5/26/73 This is Skylab Control, 23 hours 52 minutes Greenwich mean time. A minute and a half out of track­ ing ship Vanguard at the start of revolution number 177 for the orbital workshop. We should continue to hear a proqress report on deployment of the Skylab parasol. After Vanguard there will be another long break of an excess of an hour be­ fore we come up on Hawaii, stand by now for the resumption of communications from the crew of Skylab and the ground. _ , .;rc . Skylab, Houston through Vanguard for 7-1/2 minutes. ™ ^ , Roger, Houston. The parasol is I think completely deployed. I m just going down to check on it. cc Roger. PLT It's not completely extended, it's not deployed. cc Roger. „. Correction, we're about to extend rod Echo, rod Echo. cc Okay. Roger, copy rod Echo. PLT Hey, Henry? cc Go ahead. PL"L Okay. According the the procedures e e et E a£d'nu5h *iT «-S! °Ut' ifc reads like we put F and G together I juat want you'to^garble)1"** 'h""'5 * h™1"5" <9arble> °n L" CDR we used to lork «-w 01i*y'*X "4"* OUr <9arble> " the one ised we used to lock the 4 rods. (Garble) And to release the springs PLT Houston, we're not reading you. We're g » 9 move up to the ^ a"d talk to you. 0kay' we've been having a little trouble withCLn„,rH u ® We got good conun now? How do you read? .. Lond and clear. What's the storv with the stripe on F? The procedures don't say anything about it. Okay, step 27 tells you about rod F. rr Af put F on and 26 yon "ove it out- to fn the markU and wer you J out then clamp it. PA0 pf^E Okay, 1 got you. I read that over. the two marks on E are only about ^ow w an inch and one half apart. That's right, huh? *• *. . That's affirmative, and when you get Sd^SdJ "irTlSekiJS ShSUlK bG thG P°int Where the telescope 8econd P°int you Sould be il i iKfi?? k WhenJ°u reach should be in a vicinity where all of them should be locked. pLT Okay. if you have any doubts we want to push it further until you have no doubts that all the �SL-II MC-106/2 Time: 18:52 p.m. CDT, 1:10:52 GET 5/26/73 telescope and rods are locked. PLT Okay. (Garble) PLT How important is TV Hank? It's dark outside now, you want to wait for light? CC Negative. We want to get it out. CC Skylab, Houston. We would like for you to get a visual verification on the deployment. Whether we get TV or not is not important. We want you to have a visual on it though. PLT No chance of a visual, Paul, until we go into sunrise. PLT When did that start. Hank? We're at the first mark on E now. How far can we progress before deal­ ing? CC Okay, you can progress all the way up to step 32. That's when you start the final deployment. PLT Okay. CC Thirty-two is releasing the brake. Go up to 32. We have about 26 minutes to sunrise. CC And we're one minute from LOS. Our next contact is Hawaii at 03. PAO This is Skylab Control. Apparently we have had loss of signal through Vanguard with the Skylab cluster. Not too much farther to go now in the extension rod attachment to bring the Skylab parasol out to the full exten­ sion point where the 4 ribs will fly upward and outward to 90 degrees to the center pole. However, they express a desire to wait until spacecraft sunrise before doing this. And sun­ rise for them will be in 23 minutes. However, the Skylab will not be over any ground station for another hour. Hawaii in 59 minutes at 00:03 Greenwich mean time. This is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE SL-II MC-107 Time: 19:32 CDT 1:11:32 GET 5/26/73 PAO This is Skylab Control 0032 Greenwich mean time. Skylab space station just crossing the island of Ceylon on over into the Bay of Bengal on revolution number 178. Fifty-two minutes remaining until the space­ craft sunset. And it is hoped that the Skylab parasol de­ ployment will be accomplished during this day side pass. We're still a half hour out of Hawaii. It's fairly quiet in the Control Room here. People are taking a , again taking this long LOS break as an opportunity for meals, getting a cup of coffee. We'll bring up the circuit again at acquisition Hawaii in 28 minutes. And at 0033 Greenwich mean time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-108/1 Times 19:53 p.m. CDT, 1:11:53 GET 5/26/73 PAo This is Skylab Control, 00:53 Greenwich mean time. Skylab space station and command service module, known as the Skylab cluster, now nearing the three-quarter-way point of revolution 178, crossing just south of the Aleutian Island chain, some 8 minutes and 50 seconds out of acquisition at Hawaii. A group of about 30 people just came into the viewing room here in the control center. This group is made up of people from the Johnson Space Center Technical Services Division, Crew System Division, and other elements of the NASA center, plus people from the support contractor organiza­ tions who were involved in design, fabrication, and testing of the Skylab parasol. They've come in to see the final hear the final report of deployment, hopefully, which will be over Hawaii and most probably over Vanguard a few moments later. We'll be up again in 7 minutes at 00:55 Greenwich mean time. This is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000085 Title A name given to the resource "Time: 17:15 p.m. CDT, 1:09:15 GET SL-II MC102/1 5/26/73" - "SL-II MC-108/1 Time: 19:53 p.m. CDT 1:11:53 GET 5/26/73." Description An account of the resource This mission commentary primarily depicts the Skylab 2 crew unpacking and assembling the solar parasol. The Skylab 2 crew is also depicted deploying the solar parasol. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-05-26 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource John F. Kennedy Space Center Skylab Program Skylab 1 Skylab 2 Conrad, Charles, Jr. Weitz, Paul J. Kerwin, Joseph P. Life support systems Experimentation Apollo Telescope Mount Multiple docking adapters Manned Spacecraft Center (U.S.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Transcripts Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 17, Folder 2 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14421/sdsp_skyl_000086_001.pdf 9a6cd0a710be5508951eed7f38f44bd6 PDF Text Text SL-II MC-109/1 Time: 20:02 CDT 1:12:02 GET 5/26/73 This is Skylab Control 1 hour and 1 min­ ute ground elap - I mean Greenwich mean time. We have had data acquisition through Hawaii tracking station. We 11 stand by for resumption of air-to-grwnd MUHiwtion^ This pass is only 5-1/2 minutes long. This is Skylab Con pA0 tr0lCCtandin9 by* Skylab, Houston to Hawaii for 5 minutes. PLt Roger, Houston. Stand by one, we're trying to get the PB on the VTR and Pete will have a chat Wlth c°U* C Skylab, Houston. We've got about 4 min­ utes left on this pass. Can you give us a report? CDR Be right with you, Houston. Okay, Houston. We had a clean deploy­ CDR ment as far as rods clearing and e^ryhthing, but it s not laid out the way it's supposed to be. And we ve gotpic tures of it on the VTR for you. Now right at the moment, we've operated voided the rod in and out a couple of inches short stroke-wise rapidly, which has improved the deploy­ ment. But the problem seems to be that the folds in material have taken too much of a set. And it is more fully deployed in the front across the upper skirts. But, there are two folds emanating from the set, 3 folds emanating from the center deployment plate; one to each side an one towards the base skirt. So, in effeet,we 1have a trap­ ezoid which is the smallest dimension toward the base of the vehicle. Now, that's as far as we We gone. We:re open for suggestions. I have the feeling that if we pulled it all the way in close to the vehicle that it would touch in the back and along the sides. It might possibly "SlP the folds out of the material and if we did push her back out again and gently oscillate it in and out, as we have in the past, which seems to improve it. But, I think we ve gotten about as much out of it as we're going to get. My guess is we've only got about 12 to 14 feet at the back end with perhaps 18 to 20 at the front end. And don't even know the dimensions of the sail. cc Okay the dimensions are supposed to be 22 by 24, Pete. CDR Well, it's possible that we ve got it completely backwards and we could turn it 180 degrees. That would - which way do you want - which dimension do you want the 24? cc Twenty-four is the length of it, l i feet should be the width. CDR Okay. Then it is in fact a square. I mean a rectangle. CC Yes. �SL-II MC-109/2 Time: 20:02 CDT 1:12:02 RET 5/26/73 CDR Is that right, Houston, it's a rectangle? CC Roger, it's rectangular and the center, of it - the hub is off center on the rectangle. There's to be the poles that are pointed back toward the ATM should be the ones that have a length without fabric on them. CDR That's the way it is. CC That's the way it should be. CDR If you are able to dump our TV we, I think, give you a pretty good TV of it. It just does look to me like the end aft toward the aft skirt has got three wrin­ kles. One coming between the aft skirt line and one on each side running along you know running outboard to the side. And that it's pinched the fabric, you know. It's taken a permanent set. And the front end, which has the strings on it, that's pretty well deployed. CC Okay, we're about 15 seconds from LOS. We'll think about it and we'll talk to you at Vanguard. We hope to have a plan then. Vanguard is coming up at 30. CDR Three zero, Roger. CC Skylab, Houston. If you can still read, we'd like to terminate that Bat A charge and get Bat B to charging. And also, if anybody is free, we'd like to start them on the water flight servicing. CDR Okay, we were just going to ask you that. PAO This is Skylab Control. We've had loss of signal through the Hawaii tracking station. Coming up on Vanguard in 21 minutes. There was considerable applause in the viewing room from the people who are involved in designing, fabricating, testing the parasol when it was re­ ported that it had deployed with a few wrinkles in the after end of it - end pointing - facing toward the telescope mount. Meanwhile, here on the ground, discussion is underway on how would be the best way to try to shake the wrinkles out. And, hopefully, over Vanguard, some word will be passed up to the crew on how would be the best way to correct the problems and get the full 22 by 24 foot dimensions out of the parasol for the optimum solar shading. We'll come back up at Vanguard in 20 minutes. At 01:10 Greenwich mean time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-110/1 Time: 20:21 CDT 01:02:21 5/26/73 This is Skvlab Control 01 hours 21 BBSWT orouos scattered around the room, on how the beat wayto shake loosethe folds in the canopy. The main consensus seems t^be to pull it down fairly close » the workshop^ sHSS&Sss HrSsr •.Kn fshrfr And we'll be coming up on the reset in ure 6-1/^nute. for the^ Vanguard pass at 01:23 Greenwich mean time. This is y Control. END OF TAPE ln �SL-II MC-111/1 Times 20:28 p.m. CDT, 1:12:28 GET 5/26/73 This is Skylab Control 01 hours 28 PA0 minutes Greenwich mean time. About a minute and 56 seconds out from Vanguard tracking ship nearing the end of revolution 178 for the workshop. After Vanguard, we again have a long gap of about an hour before Hawaii. Hawaii pass will be almost due overhead, 81 degrees elevation, maximum elevation. And we expect another status report from the crew on the retraction operation of withdrawing the center support rod, taking off the rods as they bring it in. Forty-five seconds to acquisition. However, occasionally we get acquisition ahead of the clock time. So, at this time we'll bring up the circuit for the Vanguard pass, which has a duration of 10 minutes and 2 seconds. Skylab Control standing by. CC Skylab, Houston through Vanguard for 9 minutes. CDR Go ahead. CC Roger. First off, we'd like to get Joe to tell us what he saw out the window. We would like to know if the rods are approximately in the same plane. SPT Well, we don't think so, Houston. We can see the ends of all the rods. It's completely free of anything and there's nothing hanging it up. SPT And if you want to know what it looked when it deployed I can see the thing stickin up, bunched in the middle, billowed a little bit at the top and at the bottom, and when they deployed it, all four legs came up. The front legs, that is, the forward ones closest to the command module, came up smartly. It looks as if they actually went over center a little bit, then bounced back. The back ones did not come up, it looked like, all the way - didn't come to 90 degrees. They went slowly and they just kind of drifted to a stop. CC Okay. What kind of an angle do you think they made with the plane of the first two rods? SPT It's your guess, but I guess 30 degrees, something like that. CC Okay, we would like for the CDR and the PLT to go back in the workshop and pull her in and we'd like for you to pull as many rods in at one whack. Undo the rod break and bring in about three at a time and them remove them and we want you to complete the procedures down to step 43 so you've done a full retraction and got the rod A configuration proper. And we're going to be doing a nominal H-cage at the end of this pass and we want to get it in close. SPT It worked. CC Skylab, Houston. We'll give the time for that reset so that you can be sure and have the rod brake on when we start it. �SL-II MC-111/2 Time: 20:28 p.m. CDT, 1:12:28 GET 5/26/73 r£T Skylab, Houston the time for the reset is 01:36. That will be the time for the nominal H-cage. 01:3 and we'll warn you again at - close to that time. CDR Understand 01:36. That's two minutes from now, but we'll hustle. i re_ CC Roger, and once we get theparasolre We.re tracted, we do not plan to do anything mojr® with . We re going to take a look at it, and we think we've got almost a full deployment and pulling in will do the rest for us. cdt I understand. And for the CDR, we're not too concerned cc about getting it all the way down before the reset. The main thing we want is that you do have the rod brake on when reset starts or the nominal H-cage starts. Skylab, Houston we're going to give you cc a little more time here. We're going to delay that reset to 40. CDR Okay. 40. _ SPT Okay, we're pulling it in Houston. Be advised the rods we're pulling in are quite cool and feel very nice to the touch. CC Roger, copy. SPT, Houston. Did the CDR, PLT take CC a rest between the Hawaii and Vanguard? CC SPT, Houston. SPT Go ahead. cc Roger, we'd like to know if the CDR, PLT took a rest between Hawaii and Vanguard? 5PT They took a break, Houston. CC Roger, copy. SPT Okay, Houston, we got it in. cc Okay. I understand you got a full re­ traction and you've followed - completed the checklist through at least 42. spt I didn't say that. We're presently double checking that. We got it all the way into the mark on rod Alpha and «£ rod brake clamp thing tightened down. cc Roger, sounds good. We re going to start the reset - the nominal H-cage immediately. Now, for the rest of the evening, we'd like for you guys to go back and if you haven't eaten already, eat, and we're going to try to get on with the nominal flight plan. spt Okay, good enough. ^Also rod B is gathering frost as it lays here in the fiery workshop cc And we'd like to insure that you do �SL-II MC-lll/3 Time: 20:28 p.m. CDT, 1:12:28 GET 5/26/73 complete step 41 there, Paul. We'd like to make sure we get the push rod knob A on there and the set screw in. PLT That didn't work. Hank. It's a little tough getting these two sections separated. We'll get on that as soon as we can. CC Okay. CC Okay, we're almost LOS now, we'll be picking you up over at Hawaii at 37. PLT Okay. PAO This is Skylab Control. We've had loss of signal through the Vanguard tracking ship. With a successful retraction and clamping of the center pole of the Skylab parasol. The brake set prior to the time the commands were sent to reset the control moment gyros using the thrusters on the orbital workshop. Still 18 minutes remaining of nightside pass. It will likely take a couple of dayside passes before a trend is observed of reduced temperatures - temperatures coming down. Acquisition directly over the Hawaii station in 55 minutes. At 01 hours 41 minutes Greenwich mean time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-112/1 Times 20:58 CDT, 1:12:58 GET 5/26/73 PAO This is Skylab Control. 01 hours 58 min­ utes Greenwich mean time, 38 minutes away from Hawaii. Skylab cluster crossing the east African coast in the straights between the Island of Madagascar and the continent of Africa. Here in the Mission Control Center there's a great deal of confidence that the recently deployed Skylab parasol will have a good effect on the internal temperatures of the Skylab workshop. Johnson Space Center Technical Services Division Chief Jack Kindsler just spoke to the group of people in his division and other elements of the center and support contrac­ tors in the viewing room, and expressed the belief that as the parasol gets warmed up by the Sun during the next couple of dayside passes, the wrinkles in the after end of the canopy which apparently were set by the cold soak during the early part of the deployment will indeed flatten out. And that the parasol will provide the designed effect of lowering the temperatures, and acting as a parasol in name and indeed for the Skylab workshop. 37 minutes to Hawaii. At 02:00 hours Greenwich mean time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE SL-II MC-113/1 Time: 21:19 CDT 1:13:19 GET 5/26/73 PAO This is Skylab Control 2 hours 19 min­ utes Greenwich mean time. Skylab cluster now over north central China, midway through the 179th workshop revolution. Seventeen minutes out of Hawaii. Thirty-eight minutes re­ maining in the current dayside pass. And flight controllers will be observing the workshop temperatures during the next couple dayside passes to see if there is a trend of temperature reduction in the workshop structure and in the atmosphere. It will probably take at least 2 revolu­ tions for the temperatures to begin a downward trend. And hopefully through the night, the workshop will be in a comfortable temperature, by the start of tomorrow's crew workday. People here in the Control Center are well sat­ isfied with the deployment of the Skylab parasol. And as the inventor of the parasol mentioned in his pep talk to the people in the viewing room who had built and tested the device, he felt that the wrinkles seen in the after end were a result of cold soak and that as the Sun warmed up the canopy, the wrinkles would flatten out.> We're looking now at a handover from Flight Director Neil Hutch­ inson to Milt Windier at about 10:15 central time. And anticipating a press conference shortly there after, per­ haps 10:30 p.m. central. Participants will be William C. Schneider, Director of Skylab Program NASA Headquarters, Flight Director Neil Hutchinson, and Jack Kinsler who is Chief of the Technical Service Division Johnson Space Cen­ ter, the man who's brainchild the parasol was. Fifteen min­ utes out of Hawaii, at 02:22 Greenwich mean time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-114/1 Time: 21:36 CDT 01:13:36 GET 5/26/73 PAO This is Skylab Control 2 hours 36 minutes Greenwich mean time. We have acquisition now, even though the clock says we're some 15 seconds away, through the Hawaii station. Almost directly over the Hawaii station. 81 degrees elevation angle maximum. We'll see how the solar sunshade or Skylab parasol is working as we read temperatures on this pass. See if they're coming down. SC See you over Hawaii for 10 minutes. CC Okay, we got a lot of things we want to talk about on this pass. I guess I'll get on with it. First off we're planning a medical conference at Vanguard, which is about 03:04. That will be the next station contact after this one. The next item is that we have a requirement that one of you wear the OBS tonight, since we don't have any (garble) in the Command Module, and depending upon the CSM fan, we're recommending the SPT. CDR Okay. CC And for the SPT, we'd like to get his opinion on - we can only - we can't dump all of the VTR tape to get that pictures back of the parasol, and we'd like to know whether it would be better to lop off the first part or the last part. In other words, about where in there was the pictures of the deployed parasol? SPT Hank, if you might get the pictures of the actual deployment at the beginning, and the pictures most actually representative of the configuration in which we ditched it down are at the end, and you can take your choice. CC Okay, thank you. SPT Hey, Hank. CC Go ahead. SPT I got to apologize profusely, but I inadvertently opened the circuit breakers to the amp hour integrator number 8, and it's reset to zero onboard. CC Roger. Copy. CC And our maneuver plan is here, we're going to take a look at the temperatures, and we think they're coming down. We're prepared to command a solar inertial here over Hawaii. Just let you know, and we're also prepared to back that up at Vanguard as a last choice. SPT You say you think they're coming down or if they're coming down. CC Well we're looking at them now to see what they look like. SPT We just finished weighing all the mol sieve heat exchanges. What do you do with them? Just stand by until tomorrow. �SL II MC-114/2 Time: 21:36 CDT 01:13:36 5/26/73 CC Okay, while we're getting an answer on that, we'd like to know how far you got in the - your checks, have you done the quiescent panel yet? CDR Yeah. I rated panel 351, which we're leaving UP so that we can have water. I was gonna do 352, 382, and 378, 79, 76, 399, 377, 600, 602, 601,603, 604 and side hatch tunnel hatch, and that's it. The rest of it's done. BAT B is being charged. I just did an 02 purge. CC Okay, what we're getting at, Pete, we we're wondering how you feel about trying to get the VCS dump in tonight, and get some circulation going. CDR Boy, you bet, we can do that. CDR Hey, if you think those temps are coming down, and that will help any, that's no strain. We're in good shape up here. CC Okay, then, in that case, we'd like fot you to do Step 1 & 2 on Page 2-62, and following that, on Panel 390, I'd like to get all four OWS heat exchanger fans on. Just place all four of them to'on'. And tomorrows flight plan, of course, we'll delete that part of it ahd do Steps 3 & 4. CDR You say you wanted the OWS heat exchanger fans on or off? CC On. O N. After you install the duc|f according to Steps 1 & 2 on Page 2-62, Panel 390 in the lock there, we want to get all four heat exchanger fans on. CDR Will do. How did the temps look? CC Okay, it looks like to us the temps are coming down, so we're going to put the solar inertial in WORK. CDR Very good. Very good. CC Okay, and another thing, Pete, we're looking at two flight plans tomorrow. We - We're just taking a tentative look at a flight plan that doesn't consider anything in the workshop. And we have the other alternative is going as planned with a what we launched with. Now, we'll try to get - We'd like to get your opinion on this, how you feel about working in the workshop tomorrow. CDR Well Buck, if you bring those temperatures down any at all, I'm guessing, but, we spent the better part of 2 or 3 hours down there, and everytime we'd get hot, we'd come up and take a rest. Now, if the temperatures are coming down, and they've come down at - I don't know Maybe Paul's got a different idea, but/I'd say it was at least 120 in there today, but you carrwork in thfere. It's dry*j We didn't get any problems with heat, whenever we just got too hot, we'd come up and cool off for awhile and �SL-n MC-114/3 Time: 21:36 CDT 01:13:36 GET 5/26/73 cool off and go back to work, so .th®y riband*' I would like to stick with our original flight plan, \ go start activating it down there. we'll CC Okay, our best estimate, Pete, is we 11 be below 100 degrees in there by tomorrow morning• CDR Well, what do you think it was in there today? Skar^elH think we're pretty well calibrated. You bring it down 20. We ^£9 ^o ® ri any bicycles or anything, but we can get down there and^at least start configuring things, and we U ] p as best we can. If we cannot, we can come out. As far the temps are coming down. I think that s gre . like to press for the normal flight pi®". V ... CC Okay, I guess we will concur with that then. We uplinked you a contingency on dock procedure regard to the probe! By Poking them together you^robably aot now That is just a get me home thing. Tomorrow we hope to have a better analysis of the probe for you. PLT Okay', HenJy! when we put on the yCs ducts and we turn on the OWS heat exchangers, what do we do S2 vent fan. r>o you want to unplug the vent and go ahead and fire up that fan, or leave it like it rr Stand by just 1. ^ _ That's the A - that's the A-N duct fan. pLT Roger. I understand. Let me get an CC answer on that right quick. Roger. We'd like to proceed with un­ capping that duct, -day!ettingotthteifanigoing.sEvA Do we have time ^^over ^with^now? right now in this pass. I guess we'd like to delay those. PLT HowYabout if I record them on Channel A for now and you can listen to them, and if we get a chance. I'll give them to you, and otherwise, they on tape, and you can listen and see if you got any further questions. up to you with that. jUst getting ready tocome That's real good. Press on with that. x was CcT Skylab, Houston. solar inertial now. You're on your way to � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000086 Title A name given to the resource "SL-II MC-109/1 Time: 20:02 CDT 1:12:02 GET 5/26/73"-"SL-II MC-114/3 Time: 21:36 CDT 01:13:36 GET 5/26/73." Description An account of the resource This mission commentary primarily depicts the Skylab 2 crew finishing their work on the solar parasol. This mission commentary also depicts the discussion between the Skylab 2 crew and ground control about the permanent move to habitation in the Orbital Workshop. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-05-26 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource John F. Kennedy Space Center Skylab Program Skylab 1 Skylab 2 Conrad, Charles, Jr. Weitz, Paul J. Kerwin, Joseph P. Onboard equipment Experimentation Life support systems Type The nature or genre of the resource Transcripts Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 17, Folder 3 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/21/14422/sdsp_skyl_000087_001.pdf 611b21d728614d95b14ea588aac88ba1 PDF Text Text SL-II MC-114/4 Time: 21:36 CDT 01:13:36 GET 5/26/73 We^re about 30 seconds from LOS, Skylab. We'll be coming up on Vanguard, as I said, at -it'll be about 09 now, and we'd like to say, you guys did a tre­ mendous job down there. We've got everybody smiling here, now th.t we've got ££P.r.sol out. ^^those that I'm awful sorry about that breaker. Ithnrtjd it (garbled) in that heat exchanger break, but I 311st flipped it up with my toe. ... CC And if you still read us, we d like to get that (garble) system activated. Roger, you got a page number for that. Hank? CDR SC Okay, that's page 2-137. This is Skylab Control. The Skylab pA0 cluster has gone over the hill from Hawaii tracking station. It is now just north of the equator in the Central Pacific. Twenty minutes to Vanguard. The trend in temperatures as shown on the numerous different measurement points through out the workshop is definitely downward. And as mentioned by spacecraft communicator Jack Hartsfield, it s likely that the workshop atmospheric temperatures will be below 100 degrees Fahrenheit by tomorrow morning. They re now around 120 to 125. We're still estimating around 10:30 for the change of shift press conference in the Johnson Space Center news room. Participants again. Skylab Program Director, William C. Schneider. Flight Director Neil Hutchinson, and Jack Kinzler, Chief of the Johnson Space Center Technical Services Division, who will discuss his invention. Eighteen minutes to Vanguard where th®re will be a medical consultation on a private loop. And at 2 hours 50 minutes Greenwich mean time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-115/1 Time: 22:07 CDT 1:14:07 GET 5/26/73 nan This is Skylab Control 3 hours 6 min­ J® utes Greenwich mean time, a minute crossing from the tracking ship V7":/ky?n ^ across over the western coast of SouthJ*® „d in the next the horizon from the tracking sh p .^ed to the spaceP few moments. The command will n solar inertial atticraft through the Vanguard to g still in darkness, tude even though we are, at this time, still 24 minutes away from the SP®C®C" . before the next trackVanguard, it will be more than an hour before tn en ing station, Hawaii. About an hour and 2^inut Hank LOS, Vanguard and AOS, Hawaii. We will stana ay Hartsfield-s first «Uto thejrew.^ ^you another 4-1/2 »>in"tes.y> for well just had another one^ "^J^havl^single talkback in the ,?We're; no;solar inertia!^ ATO SW " is going on. ^we,ye dQne ig the hec* ma„euver K-r-k tn an attitude that should be approximately solar r-n*i We're in ATT HOLD, we're not in the solar aboutpthe status ""J";it^^Qf they^ave been SPT rate |yr° drift? c eUVe^TJOe* failure that . Okay, I'm going to INHIBIT it then, 0kay, that saturation is due to man- Well okay. It wasn't that ^d earlier in the maneuver but I still believe you. And what is your ground figure for TACS percent (garble)? ~.™nt CC The last figure I saw was 51 percent. In fact, we're showing 51.6 percent now, Joe. 0**Y'. got a couple of other items for you. We "c^esdthat you leave all the hatches open tonight. No need to ciose them up. And we'd also like to inform you that there will �SL-II MC-115/2 Times 22:07 CDT 1:14:07 GET 5/26/73 not be a trim burn tomorrow. We only have 5 foot per sec­ ond capability and we're going to try to use it at th optimum tim . okay, no trim burn. We will leave the hatches open tonight. One to 5 feet per second above. QQ That's above the SMRCS red line. SPT Okay. CC SPT Houston. We'd like you to select 1 and 3 in the Y AXIS. And you may get another failure alert there until we can get the drift correction in. gpT Okay, you don't want me to do any DAS work, iust select it on the panel, right? we'd like you to select it through the cc DAS. SPT Oh, Okay. Skylab, Houston. As soon as you grt tne^ cc gyros configured, we'd like you to do a nominal H-cage. We re about 20 seconds from LOS. We hope you guys get a good night's rest, and we'll see you in the morning. SPT Gyros and then a nominal H—cage, Okay. Cc And Skylab, if you get a chance, we'd like you to put the evening status report on channel A. PAO This is Skylab Control. We have ap­ parently had loss of signal through the Vanguard tracking station. One hour and 37 seconds until Hawaii acquisition. A very low elevation angle pass, only 2 and a quarter min­ utes long. And then Vanguard an hour and 28 minutes from now. By then the crew will likely be in the sleep period. Some difficulties experienced with the Y-axis rate gyro, which the flight controllers here in the Control Center feel confident they will be able to sort out and go into solar inertial rev later than intended. They had planned to command solar inertial attitude during this Vanguard pass, but it's been delayed 1 rev until the rate gyro problem is sorted out. At 3 hours 19 minutes Greenwich mean time, this is Skylab Control. END OF TAPE �SL-II MC-116/1 Times 23:32 CDT 1:15:32 GET 5/26/73 PAO This is Skylab Control at 4 hours 32 minutes Greenwich mean time. We're going to play for you now the record-recording of the air-to-ground during the Hawaii pass. As it turns out, the flight director indicated that he needed some additional conversation with the crew at Hawaii. And the crew is still in the process of wrapping up before going to bed and they will be again contacted now at Vanguard and possibly even as late as Ascension. So we are now going to play the Hawaii track and we'll have another acquisition or signal coming up in a little under 15 minutes. This is Skylab Control and here is the air-toground. CC Skylab, Houston. We're AOS over Hawaii for the next 2 minutes. How do you read? CC Skylab, Houston. We're AOS over Hawaii for about the next 3 minutes. How do you read? CDR Read you loud and clear. How me? CC Okay, same here. Sorry to bother you but we've got a short pass, a couple of important items I'd like to get up to you. We're going to be turning on your airlock module primary coolant loop. And that's going to give you a pri cool flow caution or warning loop. CDR Okay. We're in the process of dumping the condensate plate as soon as we brought the thing on condensate tank filled to the top with water. e're working that problem right now. CC Roger, understand it filled with water. Okay, we would like on panel 203 for you to take the mol sieve B fan power to secondary. PLT It's in secondary, Houston. CC Roger, thank you. We know you have been having some problems still with the APCS and we're going to be trying to work those out for you a little bit later. So, just don't worry about them right now. We're trying to get back to solar inertial and didn't. We'll be trying - CC Rog. We said that we should be close to solar inertial attitude. We're not solar inertial mode, we'll be working that ourselves. PLT Well, you're not even very close. You don't have (garble) Do you know where to go? CC Probably not. CDR Well I'm looking out the window and it looks as if you need plus rotation about Y and a plus about X. And I'm not sure of the magnitude, but about 10 degrees or more CC I'm sorry, I couldn't copy there. Did you say we were about 10 degrees off? PLT We are more than 10 degrees off. It's hard to estimate, but it's a plus Y and a plus X rotation. �SL-II MC-116/2 Time: 23:32 CDT 1:15:32 GET 5/26/73 We are not going to touch it this time. We're going to let you guys fool with it. We'd like to get in solar inertial once so we'd know what it looked like and if we get off we can get our­ selves back on. CC Okay, we'll try to work that. CC Okay, we've got a pass probably in about oh. Vanguard coming up. We'll be trying to work that then at around 4:46. SPT Okay, what is the temperatures doing in the workshop there? CC I'll try to get a report for you on that. Meanwhile, we'd like to find out if you did put the SEVA report on channel A or B. We're dumping A right now. We didn't see it there last dump. SPT We haven't gotten to the evening reports. It is still about the middle of the afternoon for us. Pete and Paul are working pretty hard on the condensate system They're dleaning up the command module and stuff like that. CC Okay understand. We just want to make sure you did know that we were recording channel A. And you will be putting the medical status report on channel A for us later. Is that correct? SPT Yes, and we're going to have a couple of large (garble) I think because we have enough other problems coming up. We're going to stick with it. We are in good shape andwe've had our private medical talk. And we don't have any­ thing to report. CC Roger. I think all we are interested in there is the food and, you know, whether you took any drugs or not and that kind of stuff. SPT We are eating like hogs and drinking lots of water. CC Very good. SPT - this evening status report and we'll get as much of this to you as we can. CC Roger Joe, understand. If you could also put down, we would like sort of a relative amount of time spent between the airlock module MDA and the workshop today. I guess they're kind of interested in what kind of tempera­ tures you were experiencing. You can put that on channel A. SPT My off the cuff answer (garble) they can apparently get thatby looking at my biomed tonight. CC Okay, they were kind of interested in that for the other guys too though Joe. Okay, the skin tents have dropped about 70 degrees. We're going to have LOS here in about 1 minute. We're going to be over Vanguard at 4:46. We were kind of hoping that you guys were going to bed. Do you want us to give a call there or not? �SL-II MC-116/3 Time: 23:32 CDT 1:15:32 GET 5/26/73 SPT yes cc You'want us to give you a call at Vanguard understand. CCT AndSI*guess I must have got somebody there. We would like to verify that you did get the phant trunk installed between the OWS and the III ?"s™fs£yiab Control. We have a note now from Dr. Willard Hawkins on the medical jjreifing earlier. This is a private conversationbetween «edical officers to assess the status of * H re is the to prescribe drugs or anything of that so . information given to us by Dr. Haw!JJ'i the first 2 days remained in good physical condition during the first 2 aay as zras- »«- 4 hours 38 minutes and 8 seconds. END OF TAPE cintrol �SL-II MC-117/1 Time: 23:47 CDT, 1:15:47 GET 5/27/73 CC Skylab, Houston. How do you read? CDR Loud and clear (garble). CC Okay. We're a little bit garbled. I'd like to talk about maneuvering here a little bit if I could, to Joe. SC (Garble) CC Roger. We are prepared to put a maneuver to try to reacquire solar inertial and there's some confusion on our part about whether we should go plus or minus Y. We understood you to say plus Y awhile ago. We think it's minus. Will you confirm that? SPT Okay, let's talk about it. Maybe I'm getting it wrong. It would appear to take - to require a pitch above the Y axis. I was going to say toward the CSM, if that makes any sense to you. As I stand facing the CSM and look up the Z-axis, the Sun is forward of the zenith. It's in other words, it's between the plus-Z axis and the plus-X axis. CC Okay, that's a plus-Y. That - we got up there on the top of the MDA - we got the plus-Y axis indicated and that still sounds like a plus-Y rotation to us. SPT Well, I thought it was. What have you got for X? CC Okay, about plus 15 degrees. SPT That sounds right. CC Let's go back and review that again. You say the Sun is between the CSM and the ATM? SPT Yes. That's right. CC That's a negative-Y rotation. CC You're right, you're right. Okay, it is a plus-Y rotation. SPT Nyaaa nyaaa. CC Okay. Okay, what we're going to do is put in a plus-Y rotation of 40 degrees and a plus-X rotation of 15 degrees. We got a maneuver time on it of 15 minutes. If we don't hack it this time we'll probably suggest turning it over to you. And before you would ever try to do it, you would need to - before you ever select solar inertial mode, you need to make sure that you put in a command to initialize your strapdowns because they're way off right now. SPT Understand. CC And for Pete or Paul, I guess maybe we'd like to ask a question. Is there any reason that duct 1 flow would be down now. We've got a substantial drop in it. SPT (Garble) MDA. Oh, duct 1. No, not that I know of. I can go check it if you want. SPT Talking about duct 1 in the workshop, right? �SL-II MC-117/2 Time: 23:47 CDT, 1:15:47 GET 5/27/73 CC That's affirm. SPT We didn't do anything. I'll go check it. SPT If you're ready, let me give you a status of our ECS, all right? CC Okeydoke, go ahead. SPT Okay, we presently are running both condensing heat exchangers A, and mol sieve A and B. We just finished a condensate dump into the waste tank. We have two ducts. Ducts 1 and 2 were running in the workshop. We got the airlock module duct fan on HIGH with all the mol sieve air going to the workshop through that diverter valve. We've got the MDA fans on low, the CSM fans on low, and the three AM circ fans we just turned on about 5 minutes ago on LOW. CC Okay, we copy. We got all four fans running in ducts 1 and 2. Is that affirm? SPT Hell I turned them on. I'll go check. CC Okay. SPT You still want to leave just ducts 1 and 2, leave 3 off, right? CC That's affirm. SPT Okay. You say duct 2 is the low one? CC Negative. Duct 1. SPT Okay. CC Joe. We have initiated a new one now. And it might be - if you got time, it might be wise to take a look out and see. Looks like we're going the right direction. SPT Roger. cc And CDR, Houston. If you got a chance, I guess maybe we'd like to get an idea about how much longer you guys are planning on working. CDR I'm trying to make dinner. I don't think we're going to work very much longer. I would like to go to bed, but everytime we do, something comes up. Duct 1 for 600 plus; CSM. cc Roger, understand. Duct 1 600 plus; CSM. CDR Duct 2 (garble) 550 and duct 3 (garble) 75; CSM. CC Roger, copy. CDR And, Crip, as soon as we get into sun­ shine, I'll give you a hack on the maneuver. I guess it'll be gone by then. CC Roger. Also be advised that we're starting to get a lot of feedback out of those SIAs. If you might could do a little adjustment. I don't know whether it's ringing there or not. CDR Yeah, it is. CDR Hey, Crip, how much temperature skid drop are you getting. Does it really look like that the shield's working? �SL-II MC-117/3 Times 23:47 CDT, 1:15:47 GET 5/27/73 CC That's affirm. It looks like it's really coming down. Did you hear my last call back when we were - at Guam I gave you a call that we'd dropped 70 degrees. CC That's skin temp. I'll probably get a hack for you - what the workshop temperature inside - what we think it is. Okay, the next pass is going to be coming up at Ascension at 05:00. And would you like us just to forget that call? CDR No, we're eating. We're trying to get to bed. I think that everybody shouldn't worry too much if we slipped a day, around here a little bit. Let us sleep in in the morning. (Garble) We're hanging in there. We've had a lot of (garble) come up today. You know - kind of held us back. CC Rog, Pete. I'm getting an awful lot of feedback there still. We're going to have LOS in about 1 minute. We will give you a call at Ascension and I understand that your recommendation is you'd like to sleep in tomorrow. CC And we concur. CC And we would like to make sure that we have the VTR MAIN POWER switch left on because we want to dump it and take a look at that dump - parasol deployment parasol, rather. CDR Okay, Crip, and how's that on the squeal now? That should be a little bit better. We've com­ pleted everything today, but with all the rest of the little master alarms and the few things that came up, we're running a little behind. We'll sleep in. We'll press on with the day 4 just like it is in the book and hopefully we can catch up. You know, somewhere along in there and then we'll screw our day back around to the right time. CC Rog, Pete. You're doing a fantastic job. (garble) sleep in. CDR and besides that (garble) completed (garble). PAO This is Skylab Control. We have loss of signal at Vanguard. The spacecraft is now traveling over the ocean on rev 181. We'll have acquisition of signal again at Ascension in about 3 minutes. During the conversation, one of the important points that was brought up is the pitch maneuver that has now been commanded at Vanguard. There was some question in the minds of flight controllers as to whether the crew had indicated that the craft was pitched up in their opinion or pitched down. And there was a question here whether they should do a 40 degree maneuver in one direction or the other. They did clarify that. The indication is that the crew - from the crew that there was a pitch up and we are pitched up 40 degrees, so we are now in the process of pitching down and we're also doing a roll of 15 degrees. And hope that we can get the spacecraft properly in solar inertial mode. They are not absolutely certain that 15 degrees is the right number, but �SL-II MC-117/4 Time: 23:47 CDT, 1:15:47 GET 5/27/73 it gives them a fairly wide range of latitude. They know that it's something a little over 10 and 15 should get them well within range and they have a range of about 9 degrees. They also indicated that there are figures here on - from telemetry data was that we had a 75 cubic feet per minute air flow through duct 1 in the orbital workshop. However, visual inspection there indicated that that indicator was not reading properly. And we have a 600 cubic feet per minute reading which is a proper reading for that duct with four fans operating. Some of the noise you may have noticed earlier was feedback from a speaker intercomm and they did clarify that. They reduced the sound levels there and we got good clear voice after that. No figures yet on what the temperatures are inside the orbital workshop. It's about 70 degrees reduction in temperature on the outside of the workshop, but the inside of the workshop still has it's temperatures now leveling out, all at off-scale high. As you know before we had a lot of temperatures that were below 120 degrees because of their location, but once you have air flowing that 120 degree level is now pretty well spread throughout the workshop with the exception of a couple of temperature scales. Crew is presently eating and trying to get ready for bed. They have now been given an okay to sleep in in the morning. There will be no wakeup call given, and they may be asleep promptly after this Ascension pass which is now 50 seconds away. This again puts them a little bit behind the Flight Plan, but they hope to catch up in the next couple of days. This won't be a problem now that they have the major task fulfilled. This is Skylab Control. We'll be staying live now. In 36 seconds you should hear acquisition of signal at Ascension. The Ascension pass is about a 9-minute and 48-second pass. And that's now just 27 seconds away. They should be finalizing because after that we have a period of over 40 minutes before we have acquisition of signal again at Guam. And during that period we would expect them to have gone to sleep. This is Skylab Control. CC Skylab, Houston. We're AOS over Ascen­ sion for the next 10 minutes. CDR Rog. Have you all found the Sun yet? CC We're waiting for you to tell us. CDR Did you get my (garble) on the first Skylab record? CC Negative. You faded out there. Which of the - CDR CDR is faded from a dredge airlock completing a complete 360 going through the OWS dome hatch without touching anything and not contacting till in the middle of the airlock. That's as far as we've made it so far. In our world breaking record attempt to go for the dredge airlock through locker AA the command � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Skylab Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-1979 Relation A related resource https://libguides.uah.edu/ld.php?content_id=10578214<br /><br /><a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/80">View the Skylab Collection finding aid on ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Skylab Collection Description An account of the resource Skylab was the first space station operated by NASA; it was launched without a crew on May 14, 1973. Skylab had three manned missions: Skylab 2, launched May 25, 1973, lasting 28 days, Skylab 3, launched July 28, 1973, lasting 60 days, and Skylab 4, launched November 16, 1973, lasting 84 days. Crews on Skylab conducted a variety of experiments during their missions, including experiments in human physiology, circadian rhythms, solar physics and astronomy, and material sciences. Important earth resources studies were conducting including studies on geology, hurricanes, and land and vegetation patterns. Two of the more important components for conducting research on Skylab were the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) and the Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). The ATM was a multi-spectral solar observatory, and NASA’s first full-scale manned astronomical observatory in space. The ATM yielded a significant number of images and provided useful data for understanding our sun. The EREP provided thousands of images of the Earth’s surface in visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Skylab remained in orbit, unoccupied after the Skylab 4 mission, until July 11, 1973, when the space station reentered Earth’s atmosphere. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab#Manned_missions https://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/ch4.htm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sdsp_skyl_000087 Title A name given to the resource "SL-II MC-114/4 Time: 21:36 CDT 01:13:36 GET 5/26/73" - "SL-II MC-117/4 Time: 23:47 CDT, 1:15:47 GET 5/27/73." Description An account of the resource This mission commentary primarily depicts the Skylab 2 crew transitioning to permanent habitation in the Skylab 1 Orbital Workshop from the Skylab 2 Command module. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-05-26 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1970-1979 Subject The topic of the resource John F. Kennedy Space Center Skylab Program Skylab 1 Skylab 2 Conrad, Charles, Jr. Weitz, Paul J. Kerwin, Joseph P. Life support systems Onboard equipment Airlock modules Type The nature or genre of the resource Transcripts Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Skylab Collection Box 17, Folder 3 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource Skylab Document Scanning Project Metadata Skylab 50th Anniversary