3 20 970 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1148/spc_stnv_000064.pdf ad809db4108abf8a07cf50bfc0872e0d PDF Text Text With the 1970 lunar touchdown already in its sights, NASA's Office of Manned Space Flight seeks to make the United States pre-eminent in space. A Nation Goes to /r&(/iS ".Note/ is the kime to take longer strides-time for a p e a t new American enterprise-tirrle,fir this nation to take a clearly leading role in space achieuernent a~hichin many zoaj)s may hold the key to our,future on earth. I belieup thal this nation should comrnit itself to achieving the goal, befire lhis decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to earth. . . . It will not be one man going to the moon . . . it will be an entire nation." -President John F. Kennedy ive years ago the United States took its first tiny steps toward the moon when Commander Alan Shepard became the first American to be rocketed into space. And the entire nation-indeed the whole world-witnessed his flight, sharing in the tension and the triumph. Today, at the halfway point in the tenyear program to land a man on the moon and return him to earth safely, the United States manned space program has both lengthened and quickened its stride. And the distance from the earth to the moon doesn't seem quite that far anymore. In developing the elements and capabilities for this decade's manned lunar landing, NASA has marshalled F I I the men and machines that will make it possible to undertake a wide range of space missions beyond the initial moon touchdown. Indeed, as Dr. George Mueller comments, "manned lunar flight serves as the focal-point of a program whose principal goal is to give the United States world leadership in all elements of space activity. The Gemini and Apollo-Saturn programs are equipping this nation with the ability to carry men and instruments into hitherto inaccessible regions of space for hitherto unachievable periods of time." Dr. George E. Mueller Associate Administrator Office of Manned Space Flight ��Dr. Mueller, Associate Administrator for NASA's Office of Manned Space Flight, bases his appraisal on the remarkable progress that has been made in the tri-lateral manned flight program-Projects Mercury, Gemini and Apollo. Together the three constitute the greatest single engineering enterprise in this nation's history. The manned space flight program is carried out by some 300,000 men and women. They work in NASA'sWashington, D.C. office, at three field centers-the John F. Kennedy Space Center in Florida; the Manned Spacecraft Center near Houston, Texas, and the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center at Huntsville, Alabama-and a t some 20,000 industrial plants in every part of the country. Dr. Mueller directs this competent crew by means of a geographically dispersed program office structure which penetrates directly through the functional organizations of the field centers and the prime contractors, to the subcontractors and the vendors. It has been said that Dr. Mueller's techniques of managing so vast a research and development program may, in the long run, prove to be one of the most valuable assets derived from the program. The first phase of the tri-lateral manned space flight program, Project Mercury, set the stage for the sophisticated space maneuvers of today and tomorrow. Using experimental oneman vehicles, Project Mercury put the first Americans into space and laid a solid foundation for the technology of future manned space flights. It demonstrated the effects of space on man, and proved that men could increase the reliability of spacecraft controls. NASA logged its first manned space flight success on May 5,1961, the day Astronaut Shepard rode his Freedom 7 space capsule on a 19-minute suborbital mission, 116 miles high into space. Another Mercury milestone was achieved the following February. Astronaut John Glenn became the first American in orbit, completing three global circuits. The following spring Gordon Cooper completed a 22-orbit mission of 34 and one-half hours, triumphantly ringing down the �curtain on Project Mercury. Dr. Mueller was a witness to, rather than a participant in, NASA's manned flight program at the time of the Mercury space spectaculars, although he was deeply involved in other aspects of aerospace technology. During the five years before he joined NASA in 1963, he was associated with Space Technology Laboratories, Inc., serving successively as director of the electronics labs, program director of the "Able" space program, vice president of space systems management, and finally vice president for research and development. I n this last position, he had overall responsibility for the technical operations of the company. While at STL, Dr. Mueller headed the design, development and testing efforts of the systems and components for Atlas, Titan, Minuteman and Thor ballistic missiles. He also played a major role in the development of Pioneer I, the United States' first successful space probe, and had overall responsibility for several other space projects, including Explorer VI and Pioneer v, and for the establishment of the Air Force satellite track- Gemini Twin Ed White maneuvers 120 miles above the Pacific Ocean, connected to Gemini 4 spacecraft by an umbilical cord. Extravehicular activity, operational term for walking ing network. in space, is a basic technique required for manned space flight capability. Mercury's Dividends Dr. Mueller adds thisfootnote to the story on the path to the moon, and forged Mercury which had j u t con- ahead with the second phase, Project cluded when he became Associate Adminis- Gemini. Named for the twin-star constellatratorfor the Ofice of Manned Space Flight: "Originally, NASA assigned only two broad tion of Castor and Pollux, Project Gemini called for a two-man spacemission objectives to Project Mercury-jrst, to investigate man's ability to survive and craft system to conduct orbital flights perform in the space environment; and sec- around the earth for up to two weeks' ond, to develop the basic space technology duration. Twelve flights were schedand hardware for manned space JEight pro- uled for the Gemini series-ten of prime grams to come. But the dividends Mercuy them manned. One of NASA's paid went beyond those basic goals. Thty objectives was to determine man's include the development of a NASA manage- performance and behavior during ment system to carryforward more advanced prolonged orbital flights, including manned spacejight ventures; exploration of his ability to pilot and control his the fundamentals of spacecra) re-enty; spacecraft. Other mission objectives raising a family of launch vehiclesfrom ex- were orbital rendezvous; docking or isting rockets that led to new booster designs; joining two spacecraft, and maneuverexpansion of the aerospace industry through ing the joined spacecraft as one unit; astronaut activity outside an orbiting NASA contracts; setting up an earthgirdling tracking system, and training a spaceship, and a series of scientific excadre of astronauts for future space explora- periments. Dr. Mueller and his capable tion programs." Small wonder, then, that NASA was manned space flight crew are justifiencouraged by this successful first step ably proud of the stand-out achieve- of Project ments of the Gemini program and the early successes of Apollo-Saturnachievements which can only be described as spectacular in light of the stepped-up pace of the United States manned space flight schedule. In the spring of 1964 the first unmanned test flight of the Gemini-Titan 11 space vehicle was flown. By spring of this year Gemini astronauts had logged more than 1,300 man-hours in space, and traveled some 11 million milesthat's almost fifty times the distance from the earth to the moon. Other mission objectives have been fulfilled. Last year, during the third revolution of an extended earth orbital flight, Gemini 4 Astronauts James McDivitt and Ed White carried out the first extravehicular activity in the manned space flight program. White left the spacecraft to walk in space, becoming a human satellite orbiting the earth at an altitude of 120 miles. Command pilot McDivitt remained �Mueller, is that in every case, the men returned in excellent physical and mental health. From the medical point of view the jights show that well-trained men can live and work in space for extended periods of time, and the condition of weightlessness does not appear to cause any serious afterefects. 7 h e astronauts' state of health is measured continuously, bbefoejight, during j i g h t and after their return. The overall appraisal of NASA'smedical team is that jights lasting a month or more are feasible. I Talented Management Another noteworthy aspect of the Gemini program is the talented management Dr. Mueller gives it. A little more than a year ago, the program was behind sdhedule, and there was.. ... "rave concern about the possibility of cost overruns. "We instituted a new kind of contract administration," Dr. Mueller remarked, "one in which the profit of the Gemini program contractors is ,tied to their total perform- Astronaut David Scott's camera captures orbiting Agena target docking vehicle as Gemini 8 spacecraft hovers about 190 feet away. Michael Collins and John Young maneuvered near this same rocket during the Gemini 10 mission in July. a t the controls with the difficult task of keeping the spacecraft in a stable attitude so that White would have a constant and dependable point of reference to gauge his movements outside the capsule. Orbital rendezvous was another mission objective. Dr. Mueller recalled the events which led to its achievement: "Within hours after Tom Love11 and Ed Borman took off on their twoweek Gemini 7 flight, preparations began for launching their rendezvous ship. Gemini 6 lifted off eleven days later, with Wally Schirra and Tom Stafford aboard. For five hours Schirra a n d Stafford carried out a complicated series of maneuvers. Then, 185 miles above the Pacific, they rendezvoused with Gemini 7. Despite their speeds of 17,000 mile a n hour, Schirra was able to guide his spacecraft to within one foot of the other. I might add that he was aided by some very fine guidance and con- trol equipment." Docking in space was added to the plus side of the mission objective ledger in March of this year after Astronauts Neil Armstrong and David Scott docked their Gemini 8 spacecraft with an unmanned Agena target vehicle. Among the most remarkable Gemini space successes was the Gemini 10 flight in late July. During that record-setting three days, astronauts Michael Collins and John Young chased and linked up with a fuel supply Agena rocket and spent nearly 39 hours linked with the other statellite; fired the rocket engine of the captured Agena for the first manned launching at orbital altitudes; soared to an orbit of nearly 475 miles-deeper into space than man has ever gone; opened the hatch of their capsule to the space environment three times; maneuvered near the orbiting Agena 8 rocket and retrieved a package from it, and accomplished a 25-minute space walk. trol. I think the operation of these contracts has constituted one of the finest examples of the proper working of the free enterprise system." The manned space flight program has a valuable asset in the person of George Mueller (pronounced Miller). The "Show Me" state native received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Missouri School of Mines, then moved to Indiana to earn a master's in the same discipline at Purdue University. H e came east to the Bell Telephone Laboratories where he conducted television and microwave and measuring experiments, and pioneered in the measurement of radio energy from the sun, in microwave propogation, and in the design - of low field electrons. After a stint of graduate study a t Princeton University, George Mueller joined the faculty of Ohio State University as assistant professor of electrical engineering; later he bacame a full professor. At Ohio State, he conducted research on the study and design of broadcast and dielectric antennas, cathode emission, low field magne- �trons and traveling wave tubes, and was awarded a P H . D in physics. The next stop was Redondo Beach, California and the Space Technology Laboratories where Dr. Mueller spent the next five years before he assumed direction of NASA'smanned space flight program. Dr. Mueller was one of the originaLurs of the concept and design of the Telebit digital telemetry system. He holds seven patents in electrical engineering, and is the author of more than 20 technical papers. With E. R. Spangler, he is co-author of a book, "Communication Satellites." Dr. Mueller is a n active participant in national and international conferences on space communications and space technology. Successful Stepping Stones Uprated Saturn I on Cape Kennedy launch pad just before it successfully boosted unmanned Apollo spacecraft into a 300-mile high suborbital flight. The February 26, 1966 flight marked the first test in space of the Apollo command and service module, the CKIH which will house America's moon explorers. 30 The Mercury and Gemznz space successes are the steppzng stones to the Apollo moon landzng mzssions and to other space operatzons of the future. The Ofice of Manned Space Flzght zs movzng ahead wzth Gemznz and expects to accomplzsh all the remaznzng program obyctzves zn the addztzonalJzghts scheduled over the remaznzng months of thzs year. Szmultaneously, remarkable progress zs also bezng made zn the Apollo program, the largest research and development program the Unzted States has ever undertaken. Project Apollo calls for NASA to develop two major launch vehicles and a three-man spacecraft; to assemble a nation-wide government-industry team; to construct a complex of advanced launch facilities, and to carry on a comprehensive testing program . . . all on a coordinated schedule. Under George Mueller's direction, they're doing just that. America's moon men will make the half-million-mile round trip in the three-man Apollo spacecraft now under development at NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) near Houston, Texas, where a cattle range was converted to a modern installation in less than three years. Dr. Robert Rowe Gilruth directs MSC,an organization responsible for the design, development and testing of manned spacecraft and associated systems, for the selection and training of astronauts, �for support.of manned flight operations and for managing the work of the industrial team which shares the work load. The MSC Giant Probably the biggest thing at MSG these days is the Apollo spacecraft. Weighing in at 45 tons and standing 84 feet tall, the spacecraft is divided into three sections-a command module, a service module and a lunar module. T h e command module, something like the crew compartment of a commercial jet airliner, is designed so that the astronauts can eat, sleep and work and relax in a shirt sleeve environment. It is furnished with life support equipment and is chock full of controls and instruments to enable the astronauts to maneuver their craft. Since the command module will return to earth, it is constructed to withstand the tremendous deceleration forces and intense heating caused by re-entry. It's a room with a view. The double-walled pressurized chamber has three windows in front of the astronauts' couch, and two more windows on the side. A tower-like launch escape system perches atop the command module for use in an emergency launch situation. It is jettisoned after the second stage of the launch vehicle ignites. Beneath the command compartment is the service module, a 128foot diameter cylinder weighing about 50,000 pounds. Inside are supplies, fuel and an engine which the astronauts use to maneuver their craft into and out of lunar orbit or alter their course and speed in space. Once the Apollo spacecraft is orbiting around the moon, two of the astronauts crawl through a hatch into the bug-like third section, the lunar module. "The bug" detaches from the combined command-service module and descends to the moon's surface. The lunar module has its own complete guidance, propulsion, computer, communications and environmental control systems. The vehicle has two stages. The bottom stage contains the rocket engine and spidery legs which extend for lunar landing. This unit is detachable and forms the "launch platform" for the upper stage which houses the astronauts. Attached to the upper stage is the rocket engine which America's lunar explorers will ignite when they are ready to rejoin the hovering command-service module. After the astronauts crawl back into the command module, the lunar module is jettisoned and the trio heads back to earth. Just before re-entry, the service module is also detached. Parachutes are deployed to slow down the re-entry forces just before splashdown. The Manned Spacecraft Center is an outstanding example of the advanced facilities, unique in both size and capability, which NASA has constructed to meet Apollo program objectives. MSC is the home of the Mission Control Center-an office/ laboratory combination where engineers, scientists and technicians team up with computers to direct operations of manned space flights. Support functions at the Center include recovery control, recovery communications, meteorology and trajectory data, network support and monitoring devices for life support and vehicle systems. MSC is also the site of the country's largest "man-rated" space environment chamber. Altitudes of about 80 miles can be simulated in this chamber and spacecraft can be subjected to temperatures and solar radiation conditions that will be experienced on a flight to the moon. Muscle for Apollo The muscle for the Apollo program is provided by the Saturn family of heavy launch vehicles. Development of these mammoth boosters is the responsibility of Dr. Werner von Braun, director of NASA'sGeorge C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) at Huntsville, Alabama. Some 7,000 MSFC employees are engaged in the research and development of the Saturn workhorses-from conception through design, development, fabrication and assembly of the hardware, and testing. Baby of the Saturn family is the 120-foot tall, 2 1.5-foot diameter Saturn I. It has been flight tested with a perfect record of ten successes in ten launches, a record without parallel in the development and operation of large launch vehicles. In unmanned test flights Saturn I has placed test versions of the command and service modules of the Apollo spacecraft into orbit. With its cluster of eight rocket engines burning refined kerosene and liquid oxygen, Saturn I develops 1.5 million pounds of thrust in its first stage. Its second stage has six engines which burn liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, producing 90,000 pounds total thrust. Also under development at MSFC is the uprated Saturn I with an improved first stage version of the Saturn I, and a new and more powerful second stage. With 1.6 million pounds booster thrust, and 200,000 pounds second stage thrust, the uprated Saturn I will boost Astronauts Virgil Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee into earth orbit for a long duration mission of up to two weeks. Saturn V Moon Rocket Big Daddy in the Texas-size booster corral is the Saturn v, a vehicle of gigantic size and power. The Saturn v moon rocket tops the 250-foot high Statue of Liberty by 31 feet. Assembled on the launch pad with the three modules of the Apollo spacecraft on top, the moon rocket stands 364 feet tall and weighs about six million pounds. Its first stage has a diameter of 33 feet, and is powered by a cluster of five engines packing a wallop of 7.5 million pounds of thrust. Another million pounds of thrust will be furnished by a cluster of five engines in the second stage. On top of the first two is the third stage which is identical to the uprated Saturn r second stage. The Saturn's first stages are built by NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans, Louisiana, and later are floated by barge into Mississippi for rumbling static tests at NASA's Mississippi Test Facility. The second and third stages of Saturn v are built in California. At Mississippi the gigantic stages are lifted directly from the barges onto the test stands, held captive and run through full strength, full duration "hot" firings. After testing, the rocket stages are replaced on the barges and floated via a complex �canal system to Cape Kennedy. Other flight equipment, manufactured and tested at NASA's nation-wide facilities, are also shipped to the John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC)in Florida, where an integrated governmenthndustry team takes over assembly, checkout and launch of the moon-bound space ships under the direction of Dr. Kurt Debus. KSC, the major launch organization for manned and unmanned space missions, is the focal point for the development of launch philosophy, procedures, technology and facilities. So huge and so complicated are the Apollo-Saturn launch vehicles that NASA had to devise new approaches to assembling them. Thus a new generation of space facilities was born. Towering over the Kennedy Space Center terrain is the VAB (vehicle assembly building), a 524-foot high plant where four Saturn rockets can be assembled simultaneously and checked out stage by stage. Scheduled for completion this year, the VAB provides for assembly and checkout of the moon rockets in a con- trolled environment which eliminates the hazards weather could wreak on rockets and time schedules. After assembly, the Saturn v rocket, its mobile launch tower and mobile platform leave the VAB through a doorway 456 feet high. A monstrous tractor trundles the works to the launch pad. The Kennedy moonport will have two Saturn v launch pads, with the capability of launching about six vehicles a year after 1968. The pieces in this massive jigsaw puzzle called manned space flight are falling into place. Excellent progress is being made on the development of the Saturn launch vehicle; hardware is being assembled for a 1967 test flight of the Apollo lunar module, astronauts are being trained. At the pivotal halfway point in the program this spring, Dr. George Mueller, the man who manages this engineering enterprise had this to say: "The government/industry team required to carry out the manned flight program is in place and working. The program is on schedule, a schedule set when the program began. And, if progress continues, we will accomplish the manned lunar landing and safe return of America's astronauts in this decade." But Dr. Mueller doesn't want to stop there. He has emphasized many times that the lunar mission is just one of the many possible misszons which can use the capabilities of the Apollo-Saturn program. "The j r s t successful manned lunar landing will just scratch the surface. Its greatest achievement will be a demonstration ofthe ability to travel a quarter of a million miles from earth, land on that heavenly body and return safe& here. Other journeys must follow. W e must use the Saturn rockets, the Apollo spaceship and the launch facilities . . . over and over again to gain the fullest return on our investment. "We can make many jlights in orbit about the earth, about the moon or to the moon's surface. By using our capabilities efectively and imaginatively, we will be able to carry out a wide variety of missions of great scientiJic value and of direct bent$ to mankind." In Mission Operations Control Room at the Manned Spacecraft Center near Houston, Texas, personnel monitor Gemini space flight. Mission Control Center is the focal point of a global network of tracking and communications stations which provide centralized control for orbital flights. 32 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000064 Title A name given to the resource "A Nation Goes to the Moon." Description An account of the resource Written by NASA Office of Manned Space Flight Associate Administrator George E. Mueller, this is an article from <i>G. E. Challenge</i>, Fall 1966, page 26 to 32. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mueller, G. E. (George Edwin), 1918-2015 General Electric Corporation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-09-01 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn Project (U.S.) Mueller, G. E. (George Edwin), 1918 Project Apollo (U.S.) United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration--History Manned space flight Type The nature or genre of the resource Clippings Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 19, Folder 6 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000051_000074 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1149/spc_stnv_000065.pdf 0e943f2a5578c17598b035b9c91fd353 PDF Text Text SATURN HISTORY DOCUMENT University of RIabema Research Institute Nbtory of Sdensa E Technology Group > r 7 u.- Date -*----.L - - Doc. No. --, ,, , , �SPACO 5 Year Comparison Charts. Presibt's k c r . ......... .................... 1965 Picture Review d Capabilities. Balance Sheet. ........ ......................, Statement of Income and Rerained edamin~,= , . ,.-: .., .,,.. , ., ., Accountant's Opislio~ ....................... Some of Our Products................ W A C 0 Facility Locations ............. Manufacturing �DIRECTORS OFFICERS I 1 I President JOHN E. HATCH, JR WILLIAM A. BEACH ... ANNA RUTH GAMBRELL Executive Vice President . . . Corporate Secretary I II JOHN E . HATCH, JR. WILLIAM A. BEACH . .. . . . .. . . . . ... I I Executive Vice President ANNA RUTH GAMBRELL ... .. ...... GEORGE F . E P P S . . . GEORGE S. HARRIS . . DON MORRING ROGERS C. McCAULEY President Corporate Secretary . . . . . Treasurer . .Vice President . Vice President . . . . . . . Vice President �I -SPACO SALES* FIVE YEAR COMPARISON CHART< NET EARNINGS AFTER TAXES*" LOSSES PRIOR T O 1960 REDUCED INCOME TAXES PAID FOR YEARS 1960, 1961, AND 1962. < PERSONNEL * I N MILLIONS O F DOLLARS ** IN THOUSANDS O F DOLLARS �A!wk 1REPORT TO SHAREHOLDERS C The year 1965 was an eventful one for SPACO, INC. As pointed out elsewhere in this report, our s a l e s and earnings reached another all-time high. Total s a l e s of $9,198,981.91 and net earnings of $135,701.03 for 1965 a s compared to s a l e s of $6,416,712.65 and earnings of $102,625.23 for 1964 are indicative of our growth during the past year. ' The single most significant event which occurred in 1965 was the award to SPACO of the prime contract for support services to the Quality and Reliability Assurance Laboratory of the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center. The $7,000,000.00 contract was largely responsible for our increase in personnel to approximately 900 a t the close of our fiscal year. In July SPACO opened a division in Slidell, Louisiana to provide technical publication services to the Mississippi T e s t Facility and other contractors in the area. Also during the year SPACO established an electronic assembly capability a t Titusville, Florida to provide support to government agencies and contractors in the Cape Kennedy area. Our growth in personnel and our expanded facilities have created many challenges and problems which we are meeting and solving. It is gratifying to me that our employees have produced a reasonable profit even though SPACO was going through a very difficult transition period. In the months ahead we intend to build a highly technical engineering department and a more sophisticated manufacturing capability in order that we will be in a better competitive position and be of greater service to our many government and industry customers. I would like to express my appreciation to our employees who made 1965 a success for you, our stockholders. We are looking forward t o serving you in the years ahead. January 21, 1966 Huntsville, Alabama Respectfully President �If. CI,EAN ROOM ASSBA1BL.Y A i 1 �The year 1965 was a year of significant expansion for SPACO. Total employment increased from 634 to 884 persons, expanding the company's organizational structure from two Divisions to the following four Divisions: Operations Division B Quality and Reliability Assurance Division Florida Division .Mississippi-Louisiana Division. The Operations Division, consisting of four Departments, provides complete engineering, manufacturing, field support, and quality control services. The Engineering Department, employing over 150 persons by the end of 1965, is staffed with highly versatile engineers, designers, draftsmen, technicians, and technical publications personnel who are familiar with government and industrial research, design, development, test, and evaluation programs. This staff furnishes complimentary services to provide SPACO's customers total source engineering and manufacturing services which can handle any task from i t s conception through training and field engineering. The Manufacturing Department has made an excellent contribution to SPACO's growth. This Department provides the most effective and economically feasible methods for manufacturing a variety of products. A few of the highly specialized services performed by this department are the custom manufacture of printed circuit boards, the fabrication of electronic systems and equipments, and a complete, modern machine shop and metal fabrication capability. T o meet the customer's demands for greater accent on quality and reliability, the Operations Division formed a Quality and Reliability Assurance Department. This new Department is responsible for quality and reliability engineering a s well a s assuring the quality and reliability of every product produced by the Company. SPACO made further manifestation of its quality consciousness by implementing a company wide Zero Defects program. The cooperation of a l l employees was individually pledged to ensure that SPACO would continue to be a leader in providing quality engineering and manufacturing services. ��-uo!lanpo~da~pue 'd q d e ~ -%oloqd ' % u ~ ~ e a s n'9uy!pa ~l! 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Cash Receivables, trade: United States Government: B i l l e d (Note 2) Unbilled Other........................................... Inventories, at the lower of specific cost or market: Raw materials Work i n process and finished goods ..................................... ....................... ...................... .............................. ........................... ............... ..... Leasehold improvements ..... Less allowance for amortization . Prepaid expenses and deferred charges T o t a l current ossets Notes receivable from officers Fixed assets, a t cast (Note 2): Equipment, furniture and fixtures Less allowance for depreciation Deposits and other assets .. LIABILITIES Notes payable (Note 2): Banks Trade .............. ............ Accounts payable: Trade Other .......................................... .......................................... Accrued expenses: Salaries and wages Other ............ ......................... Federal and state taxes on income Total current liabilities Long-term portion of notes payable, current portion above (Note 2): Banks Trade ........ ............... ........................................ ........................................ STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY ..................... .......................... Treasury stock, 90 shares at cost. .................... Capital stock, no par value; authorized, issued and outstanding, -. 217,500 shares Retained earnings, as annexed Less: 230i392.36 651,817.36 1,080.00 650,737.36 - �C O M P A R A T I V E STATEMENT O F I N C O M E A N D RETAINED E A R N I N G S SEPTJ BER 30, 1965 1 1965 . L ...... ... . . . . . . . . $9,198,981.91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,752,090.06 ........................... 1,446,89 1.85 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,150,526.92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296,364.93 Wet sales Post of sales. Gross profit Selling, general and administrative expenses Operating prof it Other deductions: Interest expense Miscellaneous, net .. 11 1964 (Note 1) ... .......... ... ....... m a . . . .......................... ............ ................................ .......... .. ......... Cash dividend paid, 10 cents per share . . Income before taxes Provision for federal and state taxes on income Net income Retained earnings, beginning of year 39,345.58 (2,28 1.68) 37,063.90 259,301.03 123,600.00 135,701.03 116,432.33 252,133.36 21,741.00 Retained earnings, end of year NOTES to FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. On July 28, 1964, the wholly-owned subsidiary, Genco Tool Company of Alabama, was merged with the Company. The statement of income for the year ended September 30, 1964 includes the operations of the subsidiary which resulted in a net l o s s of $9,949.45 for the period October 1, 1963 through July 28, 1964. The provision for taxes on income h a s been reduced by approximately $34,000 due to the tax l o s s on liquidation. 2. Fixed a s s e t s costing approximately $137,000 and $172,000 and United States Government receivables in the approximate amounts of $505,000 and $539,000 for the years 1965 and 1964, respectively, have been pledged a s collateral for notes payable to banks and trade creditors, The long-term portion of notes payable a t various interest rates is due a t various dates through April 1968. 3. Depreciation and amortization are included in the statement of income in the amount of $81,470 for 1965 and $89,287 for 1964. 4. The Company is committed on leases for buildings and equipment which expire a t varying dates in 1966 through 1969. The amount of annual rental for the year ending September 30, 1966 approximates $354,000 and varying amounts thereafter through 1969. The main l e a s e s for buildings and equipment contain options t o extend the terms for five additional years. 5. The Company is a party to a Government contract which provides that the Company may earn a potential award fee and an estimated amount has been included in the financial statements. The amount of the fee for the s i x months ended September 30, 1965 has not been finally determined by the Performance Evaluation Board. ��ENGINEERING ��SPACO continued to advance i t s proud reputation in the field of engineering and technical services. SPACO's ability to provide a total service from concept through training and field engineering was a major factor in the success of the engineering organizations. A significant display of confidence was made to SPACO's engineering capabilities when the company was awarded the single support contract for the Quality and Reliability Assurance Laboratory, NASA. Design of complex automatic space vehicle checkout equipment, installation of the equipment, and actual performance of checkout of Saturn space vehicles was competently undertaken by the engineering organizations. At the SPACO Huntsville facility, research and development was carried out on a variety of programs for both governmental and industrial agencies. One such program is the development of a completely automated moment of inertia measurement system for calibration of space flight hardware. Another undertaking is the simulation of space environment up to 100 miles altitude by means of large vacuum chamber for testing space flight components. The research and development of computer controlled automatic checkout systems is s t i l l mother such program currently in progress. Technical services provided by SPACO range from calibration and repair of electronic equipment to the preparation of technical publications and the training of personnel in both professional and technical skills. A field service and a quality and reliability assurance capability have been added to further advance the total engineering capability offered by SPACO. To meet the demands of the top flight engineering capabilities offered by SPACO, approximately 200 engineers and technicians were added to the personnel force. Engineering services have been extended to the missile and aerospace industries of Florida and Louisiana. Both of the new Divisions serving these two areas show promise of rapid, stable growth. Throughout SPACO's engineering organizations, the quest for engineering excellence and increased competence in technical services is continuously pursued. Such a quest is in full harmony with the company's Zero Defects Program implemented in the l a s t quarter of 1965. Both the shareholders and customers of SPACO, INC. are ensured of the company's continued success a s a leader in the field of engineering and technical services. �1MANUFACTURING 1 �~ ~ A L U 'manu~acturing S 1 service nas experienced a substantial growth rate in the past two years. The manufacturing service is performed in a modern, airconditioned building and presently offers complete machine shop services, including welding and sheet metal fabrication, and the latest in electrical fabri- 1 cation services. The manufacturing organizations are staffed with experienced machinists, welders, sheet metal workers, and electrical fabrication specialists. SPACO takes pride in providing the high level of manufacturing talent necessary to satisfy the special skills required and stringent specifications imposed by the aerospace industry. The investments made throughout the year for equipment and facilities for manufacturing have been well repaid. SPACO still boasts of having one of the most complete and modem manufacturing organizations in the southeast. The increased business and organizational expansion enjoyed in 1965 attest to SPACO's ability to successfully compete in the highly competitive field of manufacturing. SPACO's leadership in the mmufacturing field is receiving widespread recognition. Now, with ~ i v i s i o n s in Florida and Louisiana, further expansion of the nanufacturing facilities is anticipated. �SOME OF OUR PRODUCT! �FACILITY L O C A T I O N S HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA TITUSVILLE, FLORIDA A SLIDELL, LOUISIANA �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000065 Title A name given to the resource Spaco, Inc. Annual Report, 1965. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Spaco, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-01-21 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn Project (U.S.) Aerospace industries--United States Spaco, Inc. Type The nature or genre of the resource Annual reports Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 16, Folder 6 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000051_000074 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1150/spc_stnv_000066.pdf dc89991be249aab5abf4e1bf6256528d PDF Text Text THE COMP)IIYY/SPCE DIYISION,~AUNCH SYSTEMS BRANCH �ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT J U N E 30, 1967 THROUGH J U N E 27, 1 9 6 8 CONTRACT N A S 8 - 5 6 0 8 , SCHEDULES 1 A N D 1A J U L Y 27, 1 9 6 8 LAUNCH SYSTEMS B R A N C H SPACE D I V I S I O N T H E BOEllUO C O M P A N Y PREPARED BY SUPERVISED BY D.6. Valentine M a n a w m R w m g and Analysis APPROVED BY APPROVED BY Illlichawl Pmgram Warning and Reporting Manager APPROVED BY �DISTRIBUTION M, L. Alberstadf., Jrr 1 L, D, Alford J* F, Allan W. R. Allen We C, Applegate N. Bender S. Bergeman L, E. Buchart * L, G, Chchraa F. L, Csenen E. IG Cooper D. H. Creim R. T. Crowley W. W. Davis C. H. Donald Re C. Dunigan J. J. Eckle C, E. E n a f t A, A. Geiger H. D. Gunning D. 0. Haas C, W. Harris K i S. ingram J. Irico I, A. Johnson S. P. Johnson H. Kudish S. D. KruU T. R. Marley A. D. Martin C. L. M c h t i r e E. J. Merkel T. M. Mladfneo * J. D. Monroe R. H. Nelson J. L. O1Neil B, L. Osborne J. E. Parazynsld W, H. Quarles H. C. Runkel I%, C, Sanders J. V. Smith T. J. Smith H. L. Smotherman T. P. Snow C. J. Solar J, C. Sormsw D5-12601-6 I 1-1855 5-9000 5-1830 5-3100 5-1800 5-1100 5-1660 5-1910 5-1500 6-8000 5-1900 5-1200 5-7300 5-7900 5-1705 5-1070 5-7400 5-7150 5-8010 5-1070 5-1854 5-3000 5-1910 5-1300 5-1211 5-7200 5-1600 5-5000 5-3200 5-1700 5-1230 5-1230 5-1800 5-1400 5-1000 5-3600 5-1100 5-1430 5- 1940 5-7000 5-1010 5-1020 5-1260 5-9100 LA-42 JA-51 LN-70 LA-35 LA-02 LT-90 LR-69 LD-42 LR-60 FA44 LD-42 LA-19 LS-72 LS-55 LC-23 LA-42 LS-76 LS-23 FA-14 LA-42 LN-54 LA-10 LD-33 LT-43 LT-91 LP-36 LR-65 TA-01 LA-03 LA-23 LD-03 LT-92 LA-02 LN-98 LA-42 LA-18 JB-75 LN-87 JD-2 1 LS-40 LA-42 LA-31 LT-96 JD-5 1 2-5907 Sahara Park 5-1100 LT-90 5-7100 L9-28 R. L, Stallings G, H, Stoner (2) C, D. & C O U ~ R. F. T e ~ r y D, G. Valentiue (10) J. G. Weber C. W. Weteel C, A. WlIWnson L, A. Wood L, Yanolf Michoud Contracts Files Facilities Central Files Program Presentations Library (2) J. Keller 5-5240 5-1000 5-1300 5-1220 5-1220 5-1020 5-1100 5-2000 2-1000 5-1020 TA-03 84-22 LT-43 LA-2 1 LD-59 JB-33 LT-90 RS-O 1 1448 JB-33 5-1100 LT-90 5-1492 LN-95 5-1220 LP-02 1200 Cornmonwedth Bldg, 1625 K. Street, N. W, Washington, D. C. 20006 R. W, Brown M. E. Buchholz A. V. Clark H. S. Garrett J. E. Glazner H, W. Hallisey (2) C. W. Holmes F. W. Johnson T. S. Johnston L. L. Jones J. R. King H. T. Mimey J. W. Moody D. H. Newby W, R. Reynolds M. H. Riley C, L. Thionnet J. B, Taylor R-QUAL-J I-CO-LH R-P&VE-XG MS-D R-QUAL-AE I-V-S-IC R-OM-V I-V-T I-V-P MS-H R-ASTR-BV I-CO-LB I-V-Q DE P-A R-QUAL-QP R-QUAL-PC R-AERO-P I-K-V NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA B. H. W. M. G. N, W, B. I-MICH-C I-MICW-F I-MICH-MGR I-MICH-QES I-MICH-OB I-MICH-DU 11-MICH-QR NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA NASA Aldridge Bailey Constm Herrhgbn R, J, Nuber S, Smith W, L, WiW.ms iii �Summary Michoud Assembly Facility Mississippi Teet Facility; Page No, iii iv DBTRXBUTION CONTENTS ILLUSTXUTIOSS FOREWORD S-IC PfiOCRAM SUMMARY c 1 ,., 0 ' Summary Documentation Support Spares Support Personnel Support Spares for Government Furnished Equipment 1 3 4 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 15 18 19 5 6 - 23 25 30 54 57 63 66 66 81 LAUNCH OPERATIONS Launch Operations S-IC-3 Quality Verification 7 79 81 81 81 STAGE SYSTEMS STUDIES 89 89 ADVANCED STUDIES APPENDIXES Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D - Contract Modifications - Proposals Submitted - Negotiations Completed - Deliverable Data Submitted Appendix E - Engineering Change CONTRACT END ITEMS AND SERVICES Summary Deliverable Hardware Design and Engineering Manufacturing Development Quality Assurance Product Performance Assurance New Technology Deliverable Data Q LOGISTICS 4 vf vii PROJECT MANAGEMENT Summary Contracting Activity Program Plans, Schedules and Reports Equipment Management Configuration Management Technical Program Analysis and Review Cost Effectiveness Program Cost Improvement Motivation Industrial Management Computer Sciences Business Information Services Michoud Organization Realignmen& 2 v 69 71 73 Appendix G Appendix F GLOSSARY Documentation Completed During FY 1968 Engineering Changes Initiated During FY 1968 MTF Systems Test Documentation Status 97 97 97 97 98 105 118 120 �ILLUSTRATIONS Page No. Figure 1-1 Figure 1-2 Figure 1-3 Figure 1-4 Figure 2-1 Figure 2-2 Figure 2-3 Figure 2-4 Figure 2-5 Figure 2-6 Figure 2-7 Figure 2-8 Figure 2-9 Figure 2-10 Figure 2-11 Figure 2-12 Figure 2-13 Figure 2-14 Figure 2-15 Figure 2-16 Figure 2-17 Figure 2-18 Figure 2-19 Figure 2-20 Figure 2-21 Figure 2-22 Figure 2-23 Figure 2-24 Figure2-25 Figure2-26 Figure 2-27 Figure 2-28 Figure 3-1 Figure3-2 Figure 3-3 Figure 3-4 Figure 3-5 Figure 3-6 Figure 3-7 D5-128016 Michoud Program Control Center R e p o m d Xnjuriaa in FY 1968 FY 1968 Injuries P e r Million Manhours MTF Document Activity During FY 1968 AS-501 Moving From KSC VAB AS-501 Launch S-fC -F LUX Duct Removal LOX Duct Installed in POGO Test F i x b e S-PC Stage Being Moved From Factory S-IC-7 Stored in Factory Building S-IC-8 in Vertical Assembly S-IC-8 Being Removed From VAB F-1 Engine Installation in S-IC 6-IC Propellant Tank Being Moved From Factory Percentage Complete Major Structures June 27, 1968 S-IC-3 Versus -2 Dry Weight Status Breakdown of S-IC Stage Weights S-IC Power Distribution System LOX Fill and Drain Valve Redesign S-IC Propellant Dispersion System Center Engine Redundant LOX Cutoff Sensor S-IC TV System S-IC Film Camera Capsule Assembly S-IC ODOP System S-IC Qualification Test Summary Growth of Assessed Reliability S-IC Stage S-IC Repair Weld Frequency Quality Audits S-ICRiskAppraisalCycle S-ICQualityMaintenanceProgram Organizational Safety Relationship ~htegratedSafety Program Controlling Documentation Cincinatti Automatic Tooling Center S-IC-5inTestStand S-IC-5 Static Firing S-IC-5 Being Removed From T e s t Stand Couapsed S-IC-6 Fuel Emergency Drain Duct Instalfation d 8-IC-D in T e s t Stand Plexighs Ducts Installed on S-I[C-33 - - - - 6 11 13 20 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 28 29 29 30 32 33 34 35 36 40 41 42 48 54 55 60 64 65 65 65 71 73 73 73 74 75 75 v ��F Y 1968 several major Saturn&-IC program milestones, whichwere of utmost importthe ApoUo program's mission of placing men on the moon, were achieved. The most icant milestones reached were the successful launchings of the first and second Apollol V vehicles, AS 4 0 1 and -502, from the Kennedy Space Flight Center, The AS-501 wate ed from K e m d y Space Flight Center at ?:QQ!O1 a, m. , EST, on Navember 9, 1888. -1C-1 and its Boeing Schedule I supplied ground support equipment performed exceedwell during launch and flight. AS-502 lift-off occurred at Kennedy Space Flight Center t 7:00:01, on April 4 , 1968. Performance of all systems on the S-IC-2 and its Boeing Schedule f supplied ground support equipment was satisfactory during launch and flight. However, longitudinaf oscillations (POCO)were experienced during flight. Boeing is expending every effort to alaviate thfe phenomenon in all future S-IC fights. Subsequent to the launch of AS-501 and -502, the decision to make AS-503 the first manned aturn V mission was reached. The first stage for this mission, the S-IC-3, is the Michoud assembled S-IC flight stage. This vehicle was accepted by NASA during F Y and then placed in storage at Michoud. It was later removed from storage, retested, shipped to Kennedy Space Flight Center, arriving there on December 27, 1967. At the s e of the reporting period, the S-IC-3 was at Kennedy Space Flight Center where it is ergoing extensive modification in preparation for the first manned launch. Other significant S-IC program incentive milestones achieved during 1968 include delivery of he 5-IC-4 to the Customer, on-dock Michoud, on August 28, 1967; successful static firing of the S-IC-5 at the M ississfppi Test Facility on August 25, 1967; and successful completion of the S-IC-6 and -7 post-manufacturing static firing readiness tests on July 24 and N o v e d e r 12, 1967, respectively. oeing/'Michoud testing programs were conducted throughout the year with the purpose of resolving design data problems, discrepancies, and anomalies identified during manufacturng , static firing, and AS-5 01 and -502 launch support operatiom. Major testing programs hat were conducted on a continuing basis included the reliability, qualification, development, and failure analysis test programs. Project management techniques, designed to assure efficient and effective management of the S-IC program, were under constant surveillance throughout FY 1968. An S-IC Integrated Safety Program, which is responsive to both Boeing Corporate policies and NASA requirements ,-was established during October of 1967. This program combines and integrates the previously separate industrial and systems safety plans into one overall safety program, and is overseen by the S-IC Safety Board that meets on a regular basis to provide program direction. This arrangement provides for a single safety focal point for increased Management control and improved visibility of safety performance versus assigned tasks, thereby assuring safety excellence in all phases of the S-IC program. t Throughout FY 1968 management reviews, concerning all aspects of the S-IC program, were conducted. Among these reviews were the three contractually required S-IC Technical Progress and Program Reviews that were conducted to inform NASA personnel of Boeing's progress and performance on Contract NAS8-5608. Internal Boeing Management reviews during the year included periodic meetings of the Saturn Performance and Saturn Launch Readiness Boards. These Boards are made up of Boeing executives from affected Boeing/Saturn programs and have as their mission assurance of proper performance of all Saturn contractual obligations. Personnel reassignments and organizational restructuring continued throughout the year with the purpose of assuring effective management of the S-EC program. Of major significance was the relocation -of the Baeing S-IC Systems Test eanagerts office from Michoud to the Mississippi Test Fwility. This relocation was made to enhance the coordination between Boeing Manageme* ar$ W NASA Missiesippi Test Facility Management. DS-12601-5 vii ��b SUMMARY Project Management activities during the year were directed toward managing the S-IC program to assure optimum utilization of resources and the attainment of sfa;nliic& Bllllestones including ail contractudly roquLPed obUgstiolup. During BY 1968 long-lead procurement for stages S1C-16 aod -17 was initiated under Contract NASB19644. This contract was executed on July 25, 1967, Urnfaate$ 3 the convrraienca, of *.he g o v e m e n t an Octotrer 18, 1967, and rs-at@ld an Mmoh 8, 1968. Because S-IC stages were being produced at a greater rate than they could be effectively utilized, revised program schedules and guidelines were received during the year, Boeing agreed to these revisions subject to an equitable adjustment to the Contract, and on November 13, 1967 Supplement Agreement 1MICH662 formally placed the Apollo Program 4.H schedule on contract. Negotiation of MICH-662 began on June 17, 1968 arid was continuing at the end of the reporthg mria, aft,J w 14, ti368 S ~ p g t b ~~ sg !n~v ~UId Apallo Pram= 43 meat. 977, wkfch c Schedule, was received from NASA. Negotiation of this new schedule wLU begin "immediately following" completion of MLCH-662 negotiations, The Michoud Cost Effectiveness Program was established during the reporting period. Activities under this program are directed toward identifying, evaluating, i~ndimplementing ckangea that reduce t;he total cost of the S 4 C stage and derivatives. The Michoud Cost Improvement program also continued to operate effectively throughout the year with a reported validated cost savings of $14,200,788 as compared to a goal of $9,585,740. The Boefngmfofisud work; foroca u d e m e n t adljusrtments during this fiscal year to compensate for the reduction in activity resulting from schedule slides. The work force reporting to the Boeing/Rlichoud manager was reduced by 833 which resulted in a total workforce of 4254 at the end of the fiscal year. Various Boeing/Michoud personnel were also placed on loan to alleviate manpower problems at other Boeing Saturn locations, Efforts were made to assure that Plans for Progress and Equal Employment Opportunityprograms continued during the repnrtiw prlod. Ao a part d %& g ~ e parrn an Equal Employment Opportunity Adminiskation function and aa Equal Employment Opportunity Committee were established to promote equal wPOm@* * D5412601-5 1 �CONTRACTING ACTIVITY CONTRACT DELIVERY SCHEDULE During 1967, it became increasingly apparent that S-IC stages were being produced at a rate greater than the ApoUo Program could effectively utillse. On SeptemSer 1, the NASA Contracting Officer gave official recognition to this fact by a letter requesting immediate implementation of certain "revised program gutdeliine8." On September 12, Boeing agreed to proceed with a revised plan subject to an equitable odjatment of the contract. an November 13, Supplemental Agreement FA) MICH-662 formally placed the new 4H Schedule on contract. the Saturn S-IC program. The requirements for such equipment are established by program needs and submitted to the government in the form of a fiscal year plan. The forecast is negotiated and the necessary level of funding is placed on contract. During FY 1968, funding of the facilities contract was increased in the amount of $930,000. CONTRACT MASS-5608 (SCHEDULES I & AND IA) During this reporting period, the following schedule and performance incentive milestones were accompll~bedunder Srihedule I of the constract: July 24, 1967 Successful completion of the S-IC -6 stage post-manufacturing static firing readiness test for full (299.6) incentive points O n June 17, 1968, negotiation of the 4H Schedule (SA MICH-662) was initiated based on cost proposals submitted in February and March 1968. Both parties have agreed to negotiate the further impact of SA 777 "immediately following' the conclusion of the SA MICH-662 negotiation. August 25, 1967 Successful static firing of the S-IC-5 stage for maximum (260) incentive points August 28, 1967 Acceptance by the Government of the S-IC-4 stage for 3494.6 out of a possible 3498.6 incentive points NASA PROCUREMENT REORGANIZATION For the above milestones, a total of 4,054.2 of a possible 4,058.2 incentive points were earned. In early 1968, informal conversations with NASA/ Michoud contracting personnel indicated that the procurement function for S-IC stages would be moved to MSFC in Huntsville, Alabama. This was done on April 1, 1968. A s a result, Boeinghlichoud Contracts has established and staffed the "Huntsville Representative" office to maintain li*$son with the NASA procurement function. The transition has been made without major perturbations, and it is believed that, other than the increased travel by Boeinghlichoud Contracts personnel, no impact will result. November 13,1967 Successful completion of the S-IC -7 stage post-manufacturing static firing readiness test for maximum incentive points. The incentive points earned on this milestone a r e being held in abeyance pending revision of contract schedules and incentive arrangements in accordance with SA MICH-662. A further schedule slide identified as 41 was contractually implemented by SA 777 on June 14, 1968. CONTRACT NAS8-5608 (SCHEDULE 8 ) CONTRACT NlANAGEMENT CONTRACT NAS8-2577 I n a letter dated February 1, 1968, NASA formally acknowledged accompii8hment of the performance requirements and administrative actions necessary to close out this contract. F M payment was received on F e b r u a y 5, 1968. CONTRACT NAS8-5606(F). This contract covers special facilities equipment for 05-1260 1-5 On February 15, 1968, Schedule IB to Contract NAS85608 was established for the purpose of providing documentation, modification kits, and parts to support the S-IC-T stage and the Systems Development Facility Mechanical Automation Breadboard (MAB. The new schedule was fully funded in the amount of $170,000. CONTRACT NAS8-17218 The technical work statement has been completed. To effect contract closeout, letters of cerfification and dher eoidence of contract completion are be- �ing provided to the Contracting Officer. CONTRACT NAS8-19528 The technical work statement has been completed. In order to effect contract closeout, letters of certification and other evidence of contract completion a r e being provided to the Contracting Officer. CONTRACT fU&8-19544 " TNs contmct for the procurement of long-lead items for owgee $-IC-16 ssd -17 was e x e c ~ t e don July 21, 1967. Nottce af TerminaUon fsr the conv@ntanc@ sf the Government was received from NASA on October 16, 1967. A 11 organizations, including Seattle and Wichita , reported work stopped within the required five-day period. On February 21, 1968, Boeing was informed that NASA Headquarters had approved reactivation of Contract NAS8-19544, SA No. 2 , received (fully executed) on March 8,1968, officially reinstated the contract. This SA provided for: a) Cancellation of the Notice of Termination; b) Reinstatement of the long-lead effort previously authorized by the contract; c) Adjustment of the contemplated delivery dates for stages S-IC-16 and -17 to July 1, 1971, and January 1, 1972, respectively; and d) Extension of long-lead effort through July 31,1968, with provisions for negotiation of a monthly extension toMarch 31, 1969. CONTRACT ACTIVITY fY 1968~ A summary of contract modifications, proposal^ submitt&, negotiations completed, and deliverable data submitted a r e s e t forth in Appendices A , B C and PROGRAM PLANS, SCHEDULES AND REPORTS PROGRAM SCHEDULES Document D5-11040-5, "Launch Systems Branch S-IC Project Contractual Schedules," superseded D5-110404 and was published during the previous reporting period (June 13, 1967). This document outlines the LSB S-EC project eontract schedule for stages 8-IC-3 through -15 a s set forth in CPIF Contract NAS&*5&08 (Schedule I and IA), and S-IC Stage Development and Delivery Plan, MA -2 Schedule, Plan VQIA , which is published by the NASA/MSFC S-IC Project Office. This schedule data establishes the contractual parameters for development of LSB S-IC Plan VIIIA Internal Working Schedules. During FY 1968, one revision was made to D5-11040-5. This revision adjusted contract schedule milestones on S-IC-3, S-IC-5, S-IC-6, and S-IC-7 as directed by the customer and added the period of performance for procurement of long-lead items authorized by CPIF Contract NAS8-19544 for S-IC-16 and -17. Document DS-12695, "8-IC P ~ o g r m Reporting Milestones ," identifies and provides schedule dates for the S-IC program milestones used by Boeing in reporting the progress of Contract NAS8-5608, Schedules I and IA , to MSFC. The milestones s e t forth in this document were established through mutual agreement between Boeing and MSFC to establish a common reporting baseline by which program progress could be measured. Revision "L" to D5-12535, released October 31, 1967, (1)incorporated a revised format, (2) added reference milestones for MSFC produced stages (S-IC -T , S-IC -1, and S -1C -2) and the dynamic test stage (S-IC-D) , (3) added reporting milestones for stages S-IC-11 through -15, and (4) deleted reliability and logistics program reporting milestones. In accordance with revised reporting frequency from "as required" to "once every two months ," three additional revisions, "M ," "Nl1 & "0, It were prepared and released on December 2 1, 1967, February 28, 1968, and April 22, 1968, respectively. Revision "M" and "0" incorporated minor schedule revisions and added actual completion dates for closed out milestones. Revision "N" implemented a completely revised interim schedule, in lieu of a negotiated contract schedule, based on required on-dock Michoud delivery dates contained in Supplemental Agreement MICH-662. Revision "P" is presently being prepared and is scheduled for release during July 1968. This revision will update the interim schedule to be compatible with the internal working schedule released ~ u n e17, 1968. ,. ~5-1.3595, .S-IC ,urn- round Equipment Schedules serves a s an instrument of agreement between MSFC and Boeing on the requirements for and utilization of turn-around equipment a t the Michoud Assembly Facility, Mississippi Test Facility, Marshall Space Flight Center, and Kennedy Space Center. Turn-around equipment,is defined a s those major items of equipment, regardless of complexity, that a r e reused in the assembly, handling, testing, and tramporting of S=-IC stages, Revisions "C" and "I)" to this document were released July 31, 1967 and Maroh 6 , 1968, re- �sptlctively. Both were complete revisions realigning turn-around equipment utilization requiremenis k, be compatible with revised stage internal working schedules, LSD S-IC Internnl Wqrking Schedules, released by Program Letter through tho 8-1;C Program Executivets office, are fssued to establfsh real-time schedule milestones and organizational work interfaces to ensure stage production and test continuity. Three revised working sehedules (schedule No. 's 103, 104, and an interim schedule pending negotiation of a posrlbtr! eehocluic No, 106) ware! reIeased during this raporting pe~lod, Working f3ekedtile Na. 109 was relensed, July 3, 1967, to reflect revised end-item delivery requirements for S-IC-5 and -6 and adjusted schedule dates for completion of PMC for S-IC-7 in accordance with negotiated schedule changes. Working Schedule No, 104 was issued January 5, 1968 to reflect internal schedule realignment necessary to eupport the revised delivery requirements for stages S-IC-3 through -14, which were contained in Supplemental Agreement MICH-662. Arm interim working schedule was published May 28, 1968 to provide transitory schedule direction pending negotiation of a revised delivery schedule. MICH-662 delivery requiren e n t s were invalidated by customer issuance of stop work orders on S-IC-5 and -6. PROJECT PLkN Document D5-11960, Revision D , 'IS-IC Stage Project Management Plan," published in June 1967, presents a sununary view of the organization, planning, and methods used by the Boeing Launch Systems Branch t o provide the most effective means of completing the S-IC project within the schedule and cost g o d s established by Contract NAS8-5608, Schedules I and IA, The contractual requirements for a semi-annual updating of D5-11960, during this reporting period, were changed to an "as-required" basis by Supplement Agreement MICH-310. ings which are held bi-weekly. PERT computer printouts are also forwarded to designated representatives in each affected organization. k number of new innovations have been adopted that reduced the manpower required to support the current level of reporting effort. The major changes included. a) The substitution of Saturn Apollo Reporting Procedure (SARP) charts with a form cover letter for formal bi-weekly reports to the customer; b A $et ~f trend ohart@and a s b z t fel~llf~1e of major prsbleme, that are displayed in the Status Display Center (see Management Control Centers , page 6) were adopted instead of a formal bi-weekly report to Boeing management; and A computer program was developed to automatically construct logic networla from the biweekly master PERT tape. These networks, produced for approximately $. 05 each, provide a graphic image of the computer tape. This greatly reduces the human e r r o r and time required to maintain a history of program accomplishments. MANAGEMENT CONTROL CENTERS The Boeing Program Controlcenter (PCC) (Figure 1-1) provides management with current status of S-IC program schedules, events, and items of concern. The items displayed assist management by depicting the status in a concise manner for rapid comprehension. Among the many changes to the PCC which resulted in increased effectiveness was the installation of ultraviolet lighting during FY 1968. Fluorescent materials are used along with the lighting for vivid portrayal of schedules, event sequences, and other items displayed to aid management. During FY 1968, an area ofthe PCC was devoted toResources Status. Items displayed included manpower, long-lead procurement and budget status. This coverage of resource items will continue to aid in planfuture program activities. ning PROGRAM ASSESSMENT AND PERT SYSTEM The Saturn V/S-IC Launch Systems Branch PERT System report presents milestone status measured against the currently apprwed plan. This report is produced bi-weekly. Items that a r e behind schedule are identi- . fied by t&e PERT system and are called to the attention of management thrwgh PERT assessment meet- The Boeing Status Display Center (SDC) was utilized in FY 1968 to provide real-time tracking for management visibility of stage and GSE open items prior to the launch of S-IC-1 and -2. The viewgrkphs displayed in the SM: were also used to provide the latest S-IC status during the Stage Managerrs Pre-Flight Reviews, the Program Manages's Pxe-Flight Readiness Reviews, MSFC Pre-Flight Reviews, Launch �Readiness Reviews, the Apollo FIight Readiness Reviews, Launch Readiness Board meetings, and other reviews held a t MSFC and BATC The information on the viewgraphs was also transmitted to BATC to inform them of the latest status of hardware for retrofit changes. The status of the S-IC-3, -4, and -5 and associated GSE , MTF , Mechanical Automation Breadboard (MAB) and PERT delinquency status i s currently displayed in the SDC. . The Miehoud Morning Report is published daily to augment the S-IC program information that i s displayed in We P C P and SDC and to inform management of the significant events occurring a t Michoud. . The Management Information Center was established in August 1966 upon completion of the "In-Depth Analysis" of the Michoud organization. This study was initiated to provide an assessment of individual skills and organizational structuring against tasks to be performed. This data is maintained on a current basis and displayed in the Management Information Center= Another important use for this center is the availability of comprehensive personnel data and special display material applicable to equal employ- . ment opportunities. These displays have been reviewed by visiting personnel from the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission and have proven fruitful in assuring the commission of Boeing respo'nsiveness to equal opportunities for all employees. 6 . MANAGEMENT' REVIEWS TECHNICAL PROGRESS AND PROGRAM REVIEWS Customer requirements for S-IC Quarterly Reviews were reducedfromfour tothreeberyear inFY 1967. This requirement remained constant for FY 1968. The 18th, 19th, and 20thS-IC program reviews were conducted inFY 1968. The 18th Technical Progress and Program Review was held at Michoud on July 26, 1967 and reviewed the status of S-IC stages and related activities, particularly S-IC-1 flight readiness. Technical problem r e views covered the need for test data on the characteristics of the Slow Release Mechanism and its effect on AS-501 l&unch, environmental control system incompatibility, and potential stage and GSE changes. The 19th Technical Progress and Program Review conducted at Michoud on December 14, 1967 concentrated on AS -501 (S-IC -1/GSE) prelaunch and flight performance. Anomalies that occurred during prelaunch and flight were discussed and recommendations were made for a number of S-IC instrumentation modifications necessary to obtain technical performance data On subsequent flights. Other problem areas reviewed included configuration differences between S-IC-1 and -2, qualification tests and certifications remaining and the reliability test program. The review ended with a discussion on how configuration management might be improved between Boeing and MSFC . The 20th Technical Progress and Program Review was held at Michoud on June 6, 1568. Major items D5- 121101-5 �covered in the meeting were S-IC-2 Pre-Launch and Flight Performance, and significant preflight and flight anomalies, with emphasis on the LOX vent and relief valve position switch and POGO. Other imporkant items reviewed were S l C - 3 manned eonfiguration c h a m status, S-IC stage distributor rework plan aad schedule, &st and retest quality verification program, and a discussion on the pragrammed reduction of critical skills in Engineering and Operations. SATUW PERFORMANCE AND LAUNCH READINESS BOARD MEETINGS As a part of the Boeing p r o p = tn assure pvoper performance of all Saturn contractual obligations, the Saturn Performance and Saturn Launch Readiness Boanle met periodically throughout F Y 1968. These boards, the membership of which consists of Boeingexecutives from affected Boeing/Saturn programs, hsve as their purpose and scope: a) sult of these conclusions, the following action items were assigned to Boeing Schedule I, and these items have been accomplished to the extent possible at Ohis time: 1) Identify failure modes resulting in vehicle loss and provide the rationale for the acceptability of these risks. 2) Establish the plan and schedule for the elimination of these critical failure modes in support of the first manned ve-bhle. 3) Identify the failure modes that result inlamch scrub o r delay and provide for the elimination of these or the rationale for their acceptance as risks. , 4) - Saturn Performance Board examine the activities of The Bueing Company that provide assurance that the Saturn V launch vehicle will perform in accordance the contract performance requirements and the expectations of the customer, The Board i~iresponsible for initiating corrective action as necessary to assure performance adequacy. b) Saturn Launch Readiness Board - examine the activities of The Boeing Company leading to the preparation of a successful launch of each Saturn V mission. This Board initiates corrective action, where necessary, to assure the maximum effeeUveness of Boeing's overall participation in the Saturn V launch program. The Saturn Performance Board met six times during b) A pre-launch review of Boeing AS-501 and 502 launch critical problems, assessment of the impact of these problems, and assignment of necessary corrective actions. c) Identification and assessment of the adequacy of those activities that represent the unique requirements to qualify Boeing contracted hardware and test operation for man-rating a specific Saturn mission, including: 1) Identfffcation of essential requirements that must be met to provide confidence in manned mission success; 2) Determination if these requirements can be assured by documented analysis and test; and 3) Determination if the evidence of accomplishment can be accommodated in the Design Certification Review written and oral reports. FU 1968. Some of the topics discussed at these meetings were: a) The Board reviewed the design, modification, and test programs associated with S I C pneumatic equipment. As a rerult of this seview, the Board concluded that although this equipment had successY fully (without significant delay) supported 20 static firings of the S-IC, it would be required to operate unattended at KSC for long periods of time (4 to 14 hours) and therefore provided the risk of potential launch delay as a result of component failure. The Board further concluded that there were several failure modes for this equipment that could result in the loss of a stage at MTF o r a vehicle at KSC, and that there were many faflure modes that could result in delaiy a t l m c h scrub at KSC, As a re- Mentify the action necessary to make MTF safe, i. e, , so it is not possible to lose the stage through a failure of this equipment. During FY 1968 the SaturnLaunchBeadiness Board met eight times. Discussions at these meetings included: a) The POGO effect experienced during AS-502 launch and POGO history, possible suppression systems and solutions in work. b) Mscuseion and disposition of AS-501 and -502 prelaunch open-work itemsc c) A r e a of unsatisfactory or marginal performance �EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT during the AS-501 flight wcre reviewed with the purpose of preventing recurrences during launch of the AS-502. OTHER MANAGEMENT REVIEWS hrrfng F Y 1968 Boeing/Michoud orientation and activity reviews were given to many visiting dignitaria. A synopsis of same of these reviews follows: B a) On October 10, 1967 a briefing was conducted for the Sub-Committee f o r NASA Over-Sight, U. S. ftourss of Reproeenativee (liesiqucr Committee). At this revicw, the sub-committee was briefed on trill Boeing/Sahrn V Apollo activities, including Contract NAS8-5608 schedules I, IA, I1 and Ill, the Apollo Technical Integration and Evaluation contract (NASW-1650f, and New Technology disclosures, Schedule I and LA participation in this briefing consisted of a review of CY 1966 and 1967 schedules, costs, and problems and a preview of anticipated CY 1968 activities. These reviews brought out the fact that Boeing Schedules I and LA a r e underrunning estimated costs, and that the S-IC production program i s well ahead of the contract delivery schedules and Saturn V launch schedules, thus resulting in the necessity to place completed o r partially completed stages in storage. Boeingls transition to this reduced activity and the resultant decreased manpower needs were also reviewed for the committee. A review of the complete Boeing presentation to the sub-committee ie available in the study prepared f o r the Subcommittee on NASA Oversight, entitled "Apollo and Apollo Applications, I f dated February 26, 1968, e b) A short S-IC program briefing was given April 22, 1968 to Dr. Thomas 0. Paine, the then newly appointed Deputy Administrator for NASA. He was accompanied by Dr. Wernher von Braun, General OIConnor, and other NASA representatives. They were also given a tour of MTF and Michoud (NASA, Chrysler, and Boeing). c) On June 6, 1968 a review of the S-IC program was given by Dr. H. E Newell, Associate Administrator for NASA. The presentation explained Boeing's requirements and major rolls in the Saturn V/ApoUo Program, Boeing Space Division organization, a general S-IC stage assembly orientation, and cost performance for Schedules I and LA. The S-IC stage delivery schedule and factory utilization were also dis- cussed. Fallowing the presentation, Dr. Newell was given a plant tour. . a , During FY 1968, the Equipment Management Organization systematically re-evaluated all of its organizationaf functions and responsibilities to determine if certain organizational tasks were still required and if required tasks a r e being accomplished in the most efficbnt manner. Equippent management activities for the year included: a) The "Associated Contractor Liaison Plansffcontract document IN-I-V -S-IC -66-3, equipment management supplied the Marshall Space Flight Center with five data deliveries, including weekly inputs on S-IC equipment acceptance testing. This material will be used in the subject plan; b) "Rocketdyne Requests For Boeing S u p p ~ r t con,~~ tract document IN-I-V-S-IC -65 -9-Rocketdyne requests for Boeing support increased during the reporting period. Ten Rocketdyne requests were received and all were processed; a) Control of operating agreements-Action was taken by equipment management to convert all Boeing Schedule I/Schedule II operating agreements to standard command media. Schedule I / Schedule IlI operating agreement activity continued during FY 1968. This activity increased prior to and after the launch of AS-501 and -502. Schedule I/Schedule ILI operating agreements were reviewed and updated to correct discrepancies and to cover additional needs that became apparent during launch support. Four new operating agreements were established; d) "Master Equipment List," Document D5-12888Equipment management reviewed requirements for ground support equipment, manufacturing support equipment, and all additional equipment. * The master equipment list and all associated documents were revised and updated. The purpose of this review was to determine new equipment requirements and to ensure that all deliv.ered equipment was listed in the document. The result of this study was to provide an accurate and up-to-date listing of Launch Systems Branch S-IC equipment Pequiretnents. A n ad- �ditiond study was made to reduce document frequency md distribution. A s a result, the master equipment list and associated document publications were reduced by 532 per year; B) "Covermont Fumshed Property," (GFP) Document D5-11044-1-TO eliminate duplication that existed due to the publication of two C FP documents; D5-11044-1 (Boeing, and IN-I-V-S-IC-66-1 (contractual], the Equipment Control Board elected to cancel the Boeing CFP document and rely on IN-I-V-S-IC-66-1 as the all-inclusive GFP document. This single document now contains all firm, preliminary, and loaned NAS8-5608 government equipment. During FY 1968, 30 new requests for GFP were reviewed and coordtmted by the Esuivment Con- trol Board, These requists were coordinated with NASA and all equipment has been received by the requesting Boeing organizatiosls. The control board also processed 24 GFP reallocations during the reporting period; and Equipment Control Board-All procedures that define the operation and authority of the Equipment Control Board were reviewed and modernized. One of the objectives of this review was to assure more effective control and reaction time on reallocated equipment. A fast reaction task force was established to accomplish this objective. Controls were also initiated to follow up on reallocated equipment, CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT Implementation of Program Directives 44 and 44A, to certify stages S-IC-1 and -2 and their associated GSE prior to launch, was accomplished during the year. Certification of the S-IC and its GSE , as directed by Program Directive 44.4, was underway at the end of the fiscal year for a more thorough description of activities required by Program Directives 44 and 4 M , see page 66. Implementation of the requirements of Change Order MICR-633 (Master Installation Notice Card Implementation Program) has been accomplished. This requisement was a prerequisite to proper implementation of that portion of MSFC/KSC Program Directive 448 that pertdm to our certification of the W F C "Saturn V Configuration Index and Modification Status Report" prior to launch of any stage. MICH-770, which has the same intent as MICH-633, has superseded MICH-633, Implementation of MICH-770 had been completed. During FY 1968, limited Product Revision Records (PRRts) were implemented to correct minor engineering deficiencies on delivered but uninstalled retrofit kits. Strict control over the release of these PAR'S is maintained by the configuration accounting office. TECHNICAL PROGRAM ANALYSIS AND REVIEW In February 1968 the new office of Technical Program Analysis and Review was established under the S-IC Program Executive. The purpose of this office is to analyze current management and operational control systems and interfaces with the goal of significantly increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of their performance in supporting program management decision processes. During F Y 1968, two task force efforts were conducted by this new office with the aim of improving the effectiveness and efficiency of stage transfer and delivery, and paperwork circulation at Michoud. The following results were achieved with an estimated net cost reduction of more than $10,000 per stage: a) TO level office labor peaks that occur at stage transfer and delivery, three steps were taken: 1) Changes were initiated against the mechanized as-built data system to minimize effort required to resolve configuration exceptions; 2) A team composed of representatives from the Boeing/Michoud Quality and Reliability Assurance, Operations, and Systems Test organizations was established for Ule purpose of resolving canfiguration exceptions via a procedure that eliminates duplicate effort and shortens flow time; and 3) A factory area was s e t up to perform intermediate staging of "J" (flight) eonfig- �MiCHOUD CENTRAL SAFETY BOC\RO and severity rates of disabling injuries per million manhours worked are represented in Figure 1-2. During FY 1968 the NASA Emergency Evacuation Plan, M-1-29, was published and the Michoud Cen-. tral Safeby Board Chairman, directed each Michoud ccmtr8ctor1s Heath and Safety office to eurvey their wsasr far compliance with this plan, As rr, result of the Boeing survey, thirteen specific recommendations were made, primarily in the Building 102 south mezzanine area, to improve the location and condition of exit signs in the factory . A comprehensive survey was taken of those areas u#- Uziw Pyr-A-Larm fire and smoke dctttsctbrs which contain small amounts of radioactive material. All such detectors were identified and registered with the Louisiana Board of Nuclear Energy, -- MICHOUD LlNE CONTROL SAFETY COUNCIL The Line Control Safety Council continued its activities in safety awareness and accident prevention programs. During the reporting period, recognition for outstanding safety participation was given each month to an individual employee who was chosen by the Council. Additionally, a letter of commendation was written each month to the organization m q e r of the Safety Director who was most effective in promotion accident prevention. LlNE CONTROL SAFETY PROGRAM SUPPORT . The Michoud Safety Training Program gained impetus by the addition of a Safety Indoctrination Course series. This six course series covers safety command media, accident causes and prevention, and specific job hazards. All maintenance and manufacturing employees have attended each course in the series. The Line Control Safety supervisor and the Line Control Safety monitor training courses were updated during the fiscal year and presented monthly, Michoud new hire safety orientation includes instructfon on industrial hazards, Company policy, and command media. Participation in the Line Control program is continually monitored. The "Line Control Program Supervisor's/ Safety Guidewhas been revised and distributed to all supervisors in the Line Control Program. - SAFETY ADMINISTRATION There were 1262 reported injuries in FY 1968 compared to 1625 reported injuries in FY 1967. Health and Safety processed 97 Workmen's Compensation claims in F Y 1968, 8 of which were disabling injuries, This compares ta f27 claims fn FY 1967, 10 of which were disabling injmies, The monthly frequency D5-12601-5 Figure 1-2 Reported Injuries in FY 1968 The statistical injury indices for FY 1968 are compartable: ed to FY 1967 rates in the foUFY 1968 FY 1967 Reported total injury frequency average rate 0'83 Disabling injury frequency rate 0.98 Disabling injury severity rate 20.24 180 1.11 18.2 Workmen's Compensation claim rate 11.9 14.0 *All ratee are per million manhours worked, 11 �A program for inrlrroving the evaluation of crnployees for high risk, high v:liue jobs has been proposed, This program involved revising tho existing certification p r o g r m and providing additfond supervisor training and b?.tfdn$We. I n adtiition, a new combined certificntion and ltcalth csmination progr'm will be administered to provide s standard health examination to all employees engaged in critical tasks. NOUSTRNL HYGIENE AND RADIATION SAFETY Znriustrial hygiene activities d u r i FY 1968 consisted primmay of cvnluntign nrrd control of: emfromental health hazards resulting from fndust~ialoperations. Specific accotnplishments during the past year include the following: TECHNOLOGY AND AUOIT A Health and Safety technology audit function has been formed. This function includes industrial hygiene, radiation safety, safety audits, artd speciai projects. The safety audit program schedule was accelerated to achieve the goal of performing an audit of each shop area every six months, Audit emphasis has shifted from detailed area safety inspections to evaluation of the Line Control Safety Program, and the effectiveness of each organization's hazard identification and conk o l meoaures. PARTICIPATION IN LOCAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND SAFETY EFFOR?S a) Improved exhaust ventilation was obtained to reduce the exposure to toxic and irritating vapors in the silk screen room and the potting and molding facility; b) A central dust collection system was ob- t a e d for the tool grinding shop, and all equipment in the shop was provided with local exhaust ventilation; During the reporting period, several lectures were presented to classes at Delgado College and Tulane University, and a class of graduate students in environmental health fromTulane were given a lecture and a tour of the Michoud Assembly Facility. c) All changes to process specifications were reviewed to determine that adequate instructions were included conoerning safety handling of hazardous materials; and The New Orleans office of Civil Defense presented a ten-hour Civil Defense Radiological Monitoring Course to selected Michoud personnel. Seventeen Boeing employees completed the course. d) Noise surveys were performed in several areas of the Michoud Assembly Facility, including the carbon arc gouging operation in the manufacturing development laboratory. SAFETY ENGINEERING * A summary of FY 1968 radiation exposure levels for several groups of radiation workers is given below: Number of radiation workers on program 34 Average exposure to all radiation worke r s (millirem) 25 Active support of industrial hygiene activities in New Orleans colleges, universities, and professional societies has continued. Emphasis on hazard analysis and safety design review has been maintained in the areas of manufacturing process changes, test systems, tooling acquisitions, and facility modifications. Functions requiring special attention in the planning of safeguards were the oxygen flow tests, titanium machining, fuel tank hydrostatic test cycling, ablative coating, helium bottle changeout, "POGO" test program, hardware or stage transportation, and steel handling ring installation. SAFETY SURVEILLANCE , Average exposure to a l l quality radiographers (millirem) 33 Average of health and safety monitors (rnillirefn) 53 The maximum allowable dose of radiation, as stated in Louisiana Radiation Regulations, is 5000 millirem per year. The employees on the radiation control program are engaged id welds-x-raying, laboratory work, radiation monitoring, and instrument, calibration. Engineering surveillance and inspection activities have been expanded to provide direct technicd support to the shop safety organizations. Professional safety personnel have been assigned to each shop area to assist in the identification of shop production groblems. This method has proven to be effective. MISSISS1PPI TEST FACILITY HEALTH AND SAFRY ~oeing/MississippiTest facflity completed FY 1968 ' �without a disabling injury, A total of 884,399 manhours were recorded during this period. Boeing/MTF has worked 2,061,972 manhours and recorded only one such injury. That injury occurred in May, 1966. S h e that date 1,89B,6 17 manhours have been worked without a dissblfng injury, The monthly rate of fnjurfea per a9il;lion mmboure worked at MTF ars presented in Figure 173. TOTAL INJURIES January and May 1968. Each of these inspections indicated that our security procedures and Industrial Security Manual compliance are satisfactory. Representatives of Factory Mutual Insurance and Factory Xnsurance Association conducted recurring larss preventton inspections on a quarterly bmis during 1968. These inspections revealed that Boeing fire prevention procedures were satisfactory. A security eduoation program was given to L80 memk bars at mwgrmsnt Iry the Paew Qollrpora%Bimatm of Security on March 25, 1968. Security clearances were granted to 459 employees during FY 1968. tX, J 0 I =r" gm -I d Evacuation control plans were developed for Boeing areas in the S-IC test complex, S-IC booster storage building, and Engineering and Administration Buildings at MTF Evacuation routes were posted in all work areas of these facilities, and detailed instructions were distributed to all personnel. Fire and evacuation drills have been conducted and assessed by management in each facility. Fire brigades were formed and trained for each facility consisting of four teams in the S-IC static test stand and one team in each of the other facilities. -- occupied a 3 . B W .D 9 I : s Figure 1-3 FY 1968 Injuries Per Million Monhours MTF - Several studies have been made to improve fire protection capability on the S-IC Test Stand. These studies have resulted in a proposal that, when implemented , will provide auxiliary fire protection capabiIity when the high-pressure industrial water system is out of service. In August 1967 the Michoud Safety Contest was expanded to include Boeing activities at MTF. Out of a possible 100 points, the MTFts point standing rose from 63.1 to 98.7 by the end of CY 1967. At the end of the fiscal year, Boeing/MTFfs point standing is third with a cumulative standing of 600.5. An MTF quarterly Safety Award Program was established in April 1968, This award is presented to the employee who has demonstrated outstanding safe-work attitudes, influenced the safe-work attitude of fellow employees, taken Mtiative to locate, identify, and report safety hazards, and measurably contributed to the Safety Program. sECURw Proper security of all classified data, matsrial, and hardware was maintained during FY 1968, Security inspections of the Boeing pcrrtiw of the Michoud Aasembly Facility were conduoaed in SepWmber 1967 aad DP-1260 1-5 The Hurricane Preparation Committee conducted a comprehensive review of our existing "Hurricane and Tropical Storm Plan," and although the content of the plan required no changes, there were sufficient organization, location, and title changes necessary to require ib reprinting. The "Boeing/Michoud Plant Disaster Plan," which is a comprehensive disaster control plan, has been updated and released. I t contains detailed planning for the protection of personnel and plant during natural disasters, major accidents, and civil disturbances, also a civil defense and evacuation plan. PERSONNEL MANPOWER Michoud and the Mississippi Test Facility employment declined by 833 employees during FY 1968. This planned reduction was made possible by incrieaafng efficiency, schedule changes, and tke continuing transition from a developmentalto a production type program. The following comparison indicates the reduction in each payrok 13 �T O W Michoud,and MTF 6-29-67 6-27-68 Hourly 1,607 Ccnernt O i f i c ~ 2,023 Proksslonalfloohnfcn1 850 Supervisory 508 Office Exempt 99 1125 1767 769 490 103 , P,ayroll ' - - - Total Net Change -482 -256 81 18 + 4 -- -833 Of the Miahoud and MTF tutrrt of 4284 sa of June 27, 1968, 3394 employees were new hires anel 860 were transfers from other Boeing locations. TRAINING Paid-time training increased during F Y 1968 with 14,677 employees completing 1474 classes. In FY 1967, 8182 completed paid-time training classes. Of the 14,677 employees who received paid-time training during FY 1968, 1641 completed 296 certification classes ; 1808 completed 5 12 re-certification classes; and 11,228 completed 666 systems, skills and management courses. MTF training requirements have been supported on a continuing basis. Major emphasis has been placed on certification, re-certification, reliability, and safety training programs in support of critical operations for S-IC stage testing. A steadily declining work force caused a r ~ d u c t i o nin the number of employees particiwatim i n off-hour training programs. During FY 1968, 640 employees cornpleted 55 courses. Durihg FY 1967, 883 employees completed 82 courses. Attendance at seminars, technical sessions, and symposiums ipcreased during FY 1968 with 610 employees i n attendance. During FY 1967 , 341 attended similar sessions. MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAhn The Management Development Program has been significantly expanded and strengthened during FY 1968. A separate management development function has been established a s a p a r t of the Industrial Relations organization. This function is responsible for the administration of activities leading to early identification, selection, and development of the management talent needed to meet current and future needs. Michoud is represented on the Boeing Launch Systems Branch M magement Development Committee which fe responsible for the formulation of objectives and plans that will ensure effective management development actions. It also identifies improvements, reviews progress, and provides recommendations pertaining to Launch Systems Branch management development activities. Three off-hour management courses were attended by Boeing employees; and 12 paid-time management courses were conducted f o r 680 employees. GRADUATE STUDY PROGRAM As s r e e 9 t of the Boeiarg Graduab Study Broglem, I f amploytsss will receive their Masters degree at the end of the ItSurnmer term in 1968. Additionally, 75 empfoyees took 361 credit hours during the Fall semest e r 1967, and 55 enrolled for 271 credit hours for the Spring semester of 1968. UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM As a result of the Boeing Undergraduate Study Program that was implemented in FY 1967, four employees will receive their Bachelors degree at the end of the Summer term in 1968. Additionally, 54 employees took 299 credit hours during the Fall semester, 1967 and 37 enrolled for 182 credit hours for the Spring semester of 1968. COOPERATWE WORK-STUDY PROGRAM The Michoud Cooperative Work-Study Program has increased from 28 students in FY 1967 to 50 students in F Y 1968. This represents the largest number of Co-op students of any location o r Division in the Company. Forty-four a r e Engineering students, five a r e Math and Computer Science students, and one is a Management student. PLANS FOR PROGRESS AND EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNW PROGRAMS A special team of investigators from the Contracts Compliance Office of the Department of Defense conducted a formal investigation of the Michoud Assembly Facility in August, 1967. Fourteen recommendations concerning certain personnel practices and procedures resulted from this audit. Subsequent Boeing action taken on each of these recommendations has been acceptable to the Contracts Compliance Office. An Equal Employment Opportunity Administration function was established in October, 1967. This function includes the development, maintenance, and monitoring of affirmative action policies and procedures for all aspects of the Boeing/Michoud Equal Employment Opportunity Program, A Boelng/Michoud Equal Employment Opportunity �Committee was established in January, 1968. I t concerns itself -with all activities related to Equal Employment Opportunity within the Boeingl'Michoud cornplex and assists in the promotion of equal employment opportunity regardless of race, religion, color, sex, age or natio~alorigin. During the reporting period, a member of Boeing Management ww elected Vice-President of the New Orleans Voluntary Equal Employment Opportunity Council. Boeing Hanqement was also represented on bhe boards of the following organizations: (I) New Qrtecule amid Wolfme P l m w C o m a the plmaing a r m of the Unlted Fund: (2) The f2ommuntty Relations Council a biracial group affiliated with State and Nation4 Community Relations Council Organizations; (3) The City Department of Public Welfare; (4) The Citizens Advisory Committee to the Southwest Educational Development Laboratory a committee organized to resolve problems on intercultural education related to Negro and Southern American minorities; 45) The Urban League of New Orleans; (6) New Orleans Area Manpower Advisory Committee a committee that has approval authority for the funding of all training in a seven parish sector falling within the provisions of the Manpower Development Training Act of 1962;and (7) Personnel Advisory Committee of Total Community Action the committee devoted their efforts toward ensuring the success of the Concentrated Employment Program (CEP) - - - - - . All non-supervisory Boeing employees were briefed on the Company's Equal Employment Opportunity policy. Supervisors and prospective candidates for supervision who attended the Introduction to Management course received comprehensive EEO briefings. The Fall and spri$g College Relations Program resulkd in recntiang kamw visiting 21 colleges, seven of which were predominantly Negro. Industrial Relations hosted 30 Job Development Specialists and Center Directors from the 15 Systematic Training and Redevelopment (STAR) Incorporated Basic Education Centers located in Mississippi. A briefing and tour of thenfacilities were included in the visit. Two Negro students from Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, participated in the 1967 Co-op Program. A former Negro Co-op student of the University of Detroit accepted an offer of permanent employ ment. Seven Negro employees (five supervisors and two nonsupervisors) completed the recently developed Introduction to Management course for supervisors aad prospective candidates for supervision. One of the non-supervisors was later promoted ta supervisory status, D5-12601-5 During this reportirig period, three Negro employees were promoted to supervisory status raising the number of Negro supervisors to six. COMPUTER SCIENCES During FY 1968 the Business Information and Support Services, and Command Media Organizations were transferred from the Information Management Organization to the Program Planning and Reporting Organization. The remaining Information Management Organization was then rede~ignatedComputer Sciences AppUostions (CBA) This wganfz&tion was d@smed necessary to permit CSA to effectively support the conversion to third generation computer systems. During the organizational realignment, a Computer Systems Requirements Organization was created within CSA to act as liaison between using organizations and systems design groups. This organization exercises surveillance over all mechanized data systems from request to implementation, and assures maximum system efficiency and integration. . MECHANIZED DATA SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT NEW SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTED As-Built Configuration System-The Michoud A s-Built Configuration Management System was successfully implemented with the delivery of the S-IC-4 in March 1968. Many of the reports previously prepared manually for the Acceptance Data Package are now obtained automatically from the mechanized system. The mechanized system examines a specified Engineering design baseline and then expresses the asbuilt configuration of a given S-IC stage as equal to the design baseline, plus or minus some known level of exceptions, Thie provides Boeing Quality and Reliability Assurance with overall configuration management in support of deliveries, as well as data for launch readiness reviews. The as-built system uses the exception principal for recording configuration data. This allows the system to rapidly recognize and/or resolve differences in configuration due to engineering design changes, The system also tracks instrumentation components, traceable parts, time-cycle and age We sensitive parts, retrofit installations, and con£i@ration exceptions. The as-built system: a) Eliminates the need for manual comparisons between two engineering design baselines; b) Provides a concise listing of configuration ex15 �ccptlons in an indcnhred sequence, thereby providing a display of the systems which are in a "no-go" condition due to a configuration deficiency; C) Produces summary- listings and reports on a blnlely basls for Management vfaibility; and g Allows for rapid accountability of as-built conEigwation differences between any two S-IC vehicles. exp'mdcd to serve the needs of MTF and the Boeing Atlantic Test Center (BATC), This will provide a colnmon configuration accountability system for each S-IC from manufacturing through flight. hlTF Recap System-The MTF Recap System, a set of computer programs designed to track Saturn record system papmvark by maintaining a visual listing of open items against stage processing and GSE configuration changes at MTF, has been implemented. This system is directed toward obtaining zero defects testing by providing the necessary visibility for organizing scheclulcd work, tracking open work, and documenting completed work, Operations Change Status Reporting-The Operations Change SL~tusReporting System was implemented during FY 1968. This system's objective i s to schedule and monitor a committed change to the basic contract from the time the change i s committed by the change board to the date of delivery. Reports from this system provide operations management with current detailed status visibility on committed change; a detailed change scheduling tool; and a means to measure performance on committed changes. Some of the other mechanized data systems deveioped during the past year, and a brief description of each, are: Cost Review System-Major modifications were made to the Launch Systems Branch Cost Review System which collects and updates actual labor cost data by task and NASA 533 report line number. These changes increased the capabilities of the system to produce automated graphical displays and management and customer reports of actual and budget data at the task, contract-schedule , organization, and manager levels. CONVERSIOM TO THfRD GENERATION EQUIPMENT We are continuing the conversion of Honeywell computer equipment programs to run on the Univac 1108 computer. The following systems are now being processed on the Univac 1108: Part Requirements, Material Inventory Control, Facilities Equipment A cquisition, Plant Services Maintenance, Southeast Personnel Accounting and Records, Suggestion Records, Filling of Hourly Openings, Stage Cost Control, AsBuilt Configuration, Engineering Release, Traffic Routing, and Facilities Stores Inventory. As part of the conversion redesign, significant compression of programs is being accomplished, leading to reduction in computer run-time and operational set-up time. COMPATIBLE CONVERSION SYSTEM af Equipment and Final Assembly P a r t Shortage System - provides management with better visibility on parts shortages existing in equiprnent and final assembly parts crib areas; b) Packaging Preservation Requirements System a reference file of packing and cratmaintng specifications for all parts shipped from Michoud; and c) Facilities Stores Inventory System maintains inventory control of spare parts and cansumable 16 SfGNlFICANT SYSTEMS MOOlFlCATlONS PERT-VZsuaJ Task Analysis (VISTA), a computer program designed to rtutomatically plot PERT networker on the SC-4020 Digital Plotter, has been implemented. The automation of plotting networks will replace the manual drafting efforts required to update PERTed networks while permitting a one-to-one accuracy correlation of network graphics to PERT tabular reports, The scope of the As-Built System is currently being - supplies stocked for use in the Factory Equipment Maintenance Program, - The requirement that Boeing convert its programming to operate on a Univac 1108 computer with direct access mass storage has led to the concept of a centralized file management system as the most economical and efficient approach to conversicm. The file management system must perform record address lockup, data retrieval, data restructuring, file backup, and access control. Additionally, the system must support operationp under both Univac 1108 Executive Systerns--EXEC 11 and EXEC VEIf. The Compatible Conversion System satisfiee these requirements. A b o , operating as a set of library subroutines available to both Fortran and Cobol worker programs, it supports the following features: D5-12601-5 �utomatic index constructioi~and maintenance for user-specified data files; ata storage, retrieval, and updding commands r direct record access; Automatic record blocking a d deblocklng to increase serial processing speed; d) Standard file backup and recovery procedures; and e) LolSfcd file structuring facilities. The Compatible Conversion System will operate under either Univac EXEC 11 o r EXEC MIZ, allowing conversion of \vorker programs to a stable mass storage interface, The system has been designed and coded and is currently being checked out against both Executives . A l l deliverable data items for S-IC-2 were delivered on or before schedule even though some input data items were received late. The outputs of the system required to support Boeing's presentations to the FLight Evatuation Working Group were available when needed. MECHANIZED DATA PROCESStNG CONVERSION TO UNIWAC 1005 The Univac 1004 Card Processor was upgraded to a Univac 1005 Card Processor, This equipment modification allows usage of internally stored program instructions to execute production processes. Before the equipment was modified, machine instructions had to be wired into a logic panel. This is a timeconsuming process. The programming effort required to put a job into production has been significantly reduced by the equipment modification. OPTICAL SCANNER UTILIZATION NUMERICAL CONTROL A year ago, the use of Numerical Control (NC) machinery at Boeing/Michoud was just beginning. Only the Cincinnati ATC-430 machine was in production. No software was available for this machine; hence, all part programming was manual, difficult, and tedious. Since that time the N/C computing group has modified, implemented, and checked out software (postprocessors) for six N/C machine tools. They a r e the Cincinnati ATC430, Sunstrand N/C-3 Milling Machine, Gorton 2-30 Tape Master, Sunstrand OM-3 Machining Center, Kearney and Trecker Skin Milling Machine, and Cincinnati Veroi-Power N/C Bed Mill. The first three machines are in production status. The other three are scheduled to go in production by the summer of 1968. A l l software packages have been checked out and a r e awaiting machine activation. FLIGHT DATA EVALUATION A system of computer programs developed during 1967 and 1968 to support S-IC flight evaluation was rtsed to process data from S-IC-1 and -2 flights. Some of the outputs of this system, e. g. , tapes confaining re-formatted, calibrated data, are contractually required deliverable data, with a very rigid schedule. Half of the data items for S-IC-1 were delivered on schedule and half were behind schedule for various reasons, includiug late receipt of input da@, unexpected data anomalies, aad processing problems, Usage of the Control Data Corporation 915 Optical Scanner has been significantly increased during FY 1968. Current output volume of cards is approximately 25,000 per month. Applications under development are expected to boost this figure to 100,000 records per month by mid-year. MECHANIZED DATA SYSTEMS STANDARDS Technical standards to direct and control the development and implementation of automated systems have been written and released. Documentation standards for defining automated system requirements, system' design, and maintaining computer program system configuration control are now in force. Documentation standards governing the acceptance test, the user's guide, and the program maintenance guide will be released in the near future. In addition, approximately 120 technical standards have been issued to CSA programming personnel describing the equipment available for use in automated systems ( both second generation and third generation), characteristics of the software on these systems, and guides to efficient use of this computer hardware/software. During the next year it is expected that the initial development of technical standards will be completed. These standards will cover all areas of technical information needed to interface with the Slidell Computer Operations Office contractor, guides to good programWag practice, docwnenWon standards, design stan- �dnrds, nnd progrnn~minglanguage and equipment s b n cf:wds. These standards a r c e.upccterf to contribute to in~provoiidesign of computer programs and to their usc~iiifnessto others by virtue of program generality nrtd comprehensive program documentation. BUSINESS INFORMATION SERVICES During FY 1968 the n u m b r of listings in the Michmd telephone directory and the number of volumes ~ u b lishcd were reduced. On March 20th, the alphabetical section for Boeing was reduced from 5300 name listings to 1735, The number of pages for the Boeing section was reduced from 67 pages to a t o t d of 22 pages. The total number of directories received from the Support Contractor was reduced from 5000 books p e r quarter to 3000 copies. This resulted i n an estimated cost savings of $16,840 per year. On March 14, 1968, NASA restored indicia mail privilegcs to Bocing official mail destined for Washington, D.C ,, Huntsville, Alabama, and Cape Kennedy, Florida. This privilege will result in estimated postage savings to the government of approximately $24,000 per year. During FY 1968 a Michoud directive was revised and published to establish telephone standards patterned after the Boeing Aerospace Group Administrative Services Business Manual. As a result, since October 31, 1967, Michoud telephone equipment costs have been reduced by $2563 p e r month, This reduction represents $30,756 per year savings to the Government. RECORDS MANAGEMENT During FY 1968, approximately 2500 cubic feet of records were received from Michoud organizations and stored in the records storage center. Based on Boeing Aerospace Group records and release cost standards, a savings of $2.65 per cubic foot of records is realized when records a r e placed in inactive status in storage a r e a s as opposed to office areas. I n FY 1968, using this standard, a net savings i n the amount of $6651.50 was realized. A mechanized system, which provides a listing of organization working files, ha^ been developed, TMs system provides a master listing of records, with common Michoud categories and subcategories, including specific types of records, file location, and responsible supervisors. The purpose of the system is to provide rapid identification, location, and retrieval of records associated with cost, schedule, and product technical performance. a The Classified Control Station has comr~letedanother full year of service to the various Michoud organizations without a single security violation. COMMAND MEDIA The Boeing Launch Systems ~oeing/MichoudCommand Media System formally establishes and documents management policies and controls, authority delegations, and practices. During FY 1968, the command media documentation of systems and product control was revised to ensure meeting NASA and Boeing goals. The record system for the S-IC stage was more clearly established with the issue of eighteen new and revised procedures. A new system has been devised to ensure timely response, traceability, and economy for contractual data delivery requiremen& and i s proposed for implementation through appropriate command media. The documentation of the Saturn V interschedule working relationships between Schedules 1, 11, and IZT to command media is now in progress. Management Directives and Operating Procedures a r e forwarded to NASA, on a quarterly basis, as contractual data delivery requirements. * I DOCUMENT CONTROL The Boeing Launch Systems Branch Document Control System, since its implementation, has proven to be one of the most cost effective operations at Michoud. During this reporting period, additional significant reportable savings have been generated and validated through the cost improvement system. Identified savings, associated with the cancellation of documents during preparation (that were considered valid by both Boeing and NASA/MSFC) , were undetermined by NASA Headquarters at the close of FY 1967. ~ k ; e validity of these savings was established during FY 1968 when $480,590 in savings for these activities were approved for the Launch Systems Branch. The total validated contribution of the Document Control System t o the Cost Improvement program through CY 1967 exceeded $13 million, which was 13.57 percent of Michoud and 9.64 percent of the total Boeing Launch Systsrns Branch savings. C - �Document Control participated in NASA/Boeing tiations for the revision of contract deliverable requirements directed toward consolidating Con NAS8-5608, Schedules I and LA, Data Requireme Lists (DRLJ, developed a data management statement sf work, and clearly Identified, through line itsme In the DRL , total data delivery requirement for both contract schedules. Text proposed by Document Control to improve contract h a t a ~ & j g e ment was successfully negotiated into the statement of work. The consolidated DRL and statemen%of work were implemented try Contract DOCUmsnt TNdeS-IC-67-10, S-IC P r a g r a n Deliverable Data, in January 1968. T o fulfill h need to improve contract data delivery management, Document Control participated with Michoud Contracts in developing a new system for the production release, accountability, and delivery of data. The new system eliminates multiple channels for delivering data to NASA and replaces them with a more orderly and cost-effective flow through existing centralized release services. I t also establishes a data serial numbering system, consistent with contract requirements, which permits management accountability and traceability of deliverable data. In March 1968, Document Control issued instructions that changed the focal point for issuing Boeing document serial numbers and implemented a new format f o r requesting document development authorization. These changes simplified the maintenance of the "LSB Document Control Report" by eliminating previously required monthly organizational data inputs. Consolidation of the document number issuance with the preparation of data inputs into one functional area under Document Control has reduced workloads of all organizations. It has also ensured the timeliness and accuracy of document indices. A review of document activity during the reporting period (see Figure 1-41 indicates an increase in the number of active documents during the last year, A substantial portion of this increase is the result of incorporating into the system, documentation that was not formerly included, and for which accountability OX distribution control did not exist. FORMS MANAGEMENT During FY 1968, the LSB Business Forms Management System has continued to be a cost effective aperation. Under this system there has been no out-of- D5-1260 1-5 tock situation in Forms Store during the past year. so, by careful inventory, issue and reorder control, production requirements imposed on the support services contractor for business forms has been decreased by 40 percent while the number of controlled form items has increased 35 percent over the pre- GOVERNMENT FURNISHED SUPPORT SERVICES A t the request of NASA, Boeing conducted a study of its support services requirements to seduce the overall support effort by 25 percent, The FY 1968 neaotiated budget for government furnished support s e k i c e s (less Computer Services) for Boeing/Michoud was $6,973,000 compared to $8,350,000 for FY 1967. The reduction in projected support services was about 16 percent. Actual expenditures, if extended through June 1968 at the present rate, will amount t o $6,458, 600, an additional support services reduction of about 7.3 percent. Therefore, the government furnished support services required during FY 1968 were decreased by 23 percent, or $1,891,000 from the FY 1967 level. As a result of improved communications and coordination between Boeing Reproduction and the support services contractor's reproduction representatives, more Boeing reproduction requirements a r e being accomplished in a timely manner by the support services contractor. This has enabled us to reduce headcount in the Boeing reproduction shop by approximately 30 percent. MICHOUD ORGANIZATIONS REALIGNMENTS During FY 1968, several significant changes were made in the Boeing/Michoud organization structure. T o provide a consolidation of related functions and posture during the first quarter, the Information Management organization concentrated its resources on the task of implementing the new computing equipment a t the Slidell Computer Center. Business information and support services and the command media functions were transferred from Information Management to the Program Planning and Reporting organization. In the second quarter, the Michoud Information hlaaagemer;lt organization was redesignated Michoud Computer Sciences Applicatic~ns, which 19 �ACTIVE DOCUMENTS - CANCELLED DOCUMENTS (RELEASED) III I ChNCELLED WCUMENTS (UNRELEASED) rflflfl/#m t Figure 1-4 Document Activity During W 1968 properly denotes the functional description of the organization. * At the beginning of the third quarter, the S-IC Program test function emphasis shifted from static firing to flight, thus the test evaluation function was transferred from the Systems T e s t organization to the Engineering organization. This change enables the test evaluation involvement in flight evaluation tasks t o be accomplished more efficiently. - I he S -IC Operations organization was realigned in the third quarter of the reporting period. This realignment involved combining all Industrial Engineering organization t o more effectively utilize skills while maintainlag proper support to the manufachtring organization; and consolidating all manu- facturing activities and manufacturing support activities to effectively reduce operating costs without impacting performance schedules. The S-IC Systems Test Manager's office was relocated from Michoud to MTF in the third quarter of the fiscal year to enable Boeing to establish a closer working relationship with the NASA Manager at MTF . The Management Development Coordinator position was established during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year, reporting to the Michoud Industrial Relations Manager, because of increased emphasis on management development and because of recommendations s e t forth in the Launch Systems Branch Management Development Plan. �CONTRACT END ITEMS & SERVICES �SUMMARY Launch of the AS-501 and -502 took place at the Kennedy Space Flight Center (KSC) during F Y 1968. These vehicles were thrust into flight by the S-IC-1 and -2, Both stages, and their Boeing supplied ground support equipment, functioned satisfactorily and no anomalies o r objective discrepancies occurred which adversely affected their flight. The flxrst ~wina;Michoudmadachrred flight stage, the 8 4 C - 3 , ww rhfpped to x l C on December 23, 196'1. This stage is now a t KSC where it is being modified in preparation for the first Manned Apollo Saturn Launch. Several significant incentive milestones were achieved during F Y 1968. The S-IC-4 was delivered to NASA, on-dock Michoud, on August 28, 1967. This stage has remained at Michoud since formal delivery, and la presently undergoing modifications which were originally scheduled for completion at KSC. Also during FY 1968 the S-IC-5 was auccessNly static fired, and S-IC-6 and -7 completed post-manufacturing checkout. At the end of the reporting period the S-IC-8 and -9 had been completely assembled and were in storage a w a i w start of post-mmufaoturing checkout. Also, the SIC-10 was in horizontal assembly, and S-IC-11 through -15 major struckues assembly was proceeding as achecialed. Throughout the fiscal year S 4 C stage and W E d e s m activities were directed toward increasing the quality of the product and resolving problems and anomalies identified. These efforts were supported by various testing programs including reliability, qudification, development, and failure analysis. During FY 1968 Engineering laboratories completed 331 tests. A s a result of the POGO phenomenon experienced during the AS-502 flight Boeing has formed a task force to cope specifically with this problem to assure its slbviation prior to the next 8-IC flight. Quality and product assurance activities were conducted on a continuing basis during FY 1968. The objective of these activities is assurance of the quality of the end item and its components, and assurance that activities critical to missions or programs are ... identified, planned, and accomplished. During the reporting period 55 quality audits were conducted as a part of the quality program. These audits resulted in the definition of 467 discrepancies which have been resolved or are being resolved at this time. The Quality Maintenance Programwas initiated by Boeing during FY 1967 and expanded by Change Orders MICH-544 and MICH-723 during FY 1968. The purpose of this program is to assure the quality of vendor hardware, with primary emphasis on that hardware where failure could cause loss of stage or crew. his program includes Boeing Management visits to vendors, audits of engineering documentation, quality analysis of vendor hardware, and other testing and moffvational techniques designed to improve the quality of vendor hardware. -t DS-12601-5 23 �DELIVERABLE HARDWARE STAGES * NASA/MSFC ASSE t of FY 1968, both the S-IC-1 and -2 e r e they were undergoing prepamtion These vehicles were lwnched, a s part 68, respectively. (Figure 2-1 crh ng mwed from the KSC VAB , Fi S-501 launch. Subsequent to the AS-501 and -502 launches, all available S-IC-1 and -2 performance data, including engiring sequential film and S-IC/S-11 stage separation from the 8-11 stage was evaluated by the Boeing ormance Analysis team. he SdC-1 and Boeing supplied GSE performed ati isaetorfly during AS-501 countdown and flight and, in 1 S-IC-1 mission objectives were met. e of all systems was satisfactory, and ies o r objective descrepancies which urred did not adversely affect overall stage systems performance. mance of all S-IC-2 systems was satisfactory countdown and launch of the iiS-502. Performance of the Boeing supplied S-IC GSE was also satisfactory, and no f d u r e s of components o r systems occurred during launch countdown. No failures o r deviations which occurred in S-IC systems during the AS-502 launch adversely affected overall stage systems performance. The occurrence of the POGO phenomenon (see page 371 caused no problems on the S-IC-2. Specific problems encountered during the AS-501 and -502 launches, and the corrective actions taken to rectify these problems, are discussed throughout Section Kt of this report. Detailed information on S-IC-1 and -2 performance during these flights can be obtained from Documents T5-7000-1, S-IC-1 Flight Report, released January 11, 1968 and T5-7000-2, S-IC-2 Flight Report, released June 28, 1968. S-IC STAGES - BOEiNG ASSEMBLED The S-IC-D was stored in the S-IC booster storage building at MTF at the start of the fiscal year. On November 10, 1967, it was erected in the S-IC static stand a t MTF for a s e r i e s of fuel tank drain tests, h commenced on December 18, 1967, and were leted on January 17, 1968. (See anti-vortex tests, 75.) On February 1the stage was removed the test stand and on February 6 was again placed rage in the booster storage building at MTF. 1968, the S-IC -D was placed aboard ansferred to Michoud. It was then n April 23, 1968, where MSFC plans lay a t &e Space Orientation Cen- 1968, the 5-1C-F , in storage at 25 �Michoud, ivils hcing used for crew training in preparation for the S-IC-3 helium bottle changeouts authorized by ECP 0215. The atage rcrnaincd in storage until March 8 , 1968, when it was ~novedto the Michoud Vertical rlssembly Building (VAB) where it was erected on hf~trc-h12, 1968. t2'hiie in the VAB, the duminum forward hnncff i&ring was removed , nnd n steel handling ring was installed in its place. The stage wits returned to storage on hIwch 18, 1968, where i t remained until hlay 20, 1968, when it was moved to the factory for rcmavai of a LOX suction duct required to support the Michoud LOX Suction Duct Flow test fixture whicl~ has been constructed at Michoud to test dynamic chnracteristics of suction lines for the proposed POGO suppression system (see POG0,page 37). Figure 2-3 shows thc LOX duct being removed, Figure 2-4 shows i t installed in the test fixture. At the end of the report period, the S-EC-F was still in the Michoud factory building. where it was erected in the VAB on December 30,1967. Following launch of the AS-502, it was decided that the AS-503 would be a manned launch, For this reason the vehicle was de-erected, and the S-IT stage was shipped back to MTF for a second static firing. A t present, the S-KC-S ia undergoing extensive modification at KSC , with a tentative lamch date in November 1968. Figure 2-4 The S-iC-3 was accepted by NASA (Michoud on-dock incentive milestone) on March 15, 1967. The stage was then placed in storage a t Michoud where it was located at the s t a r t of the reporting period. During the first half of FY 1968, eighty-one modifications were incorporated into the S-IC-3 at Michoud. Formal retesting of the S-IC-3 prior to shipment to KSC began on November 13, 1967. Retesting was completed on December 5,and the S-IC-3 was accepted by NASA on December 11, 1967. The stage was then placed on a barge on December 21, departed Michoud on December 23, and arrived at KSC on December 27 26 LOX Duct installed in POGO Test Fixture The S-IC-4 was undergoing refurbishment and poststatic checkout at the start of the reporting period. Post-static checkout was completed with customer acceptance of the simulated flight test on August 16, 1967. The stage was then placed in storage on August 22, 1967. It was accepted by NASA, on-dock Michoud on August 28, 1967 (3494.6 out of a possible 3498.6 incentive points were earned) and it remained in storage until December 27, 1967, when i t was moved t o the stage test facility for modification and retest. Retest was accepted by NASA on March 22, 1968, however shipment of the stage to KSC was deferred by NASA direction. On April 1, 1968, incorporation of all changes that could be "rolled bacK' from KSC began at Mich- D5- 12601~5 �wid. &%adification is continuing, with shipment of the stage to KSC presently scheduled for August 23, 1968. S-IC-5 The s b g e had just been loaded into the static test stand a t MTF at the hsegfnning of FY 1068. Pre-static firing checkout sf the stage was completed, and on August 25, it was successfuly static fired for 125 seconds. Incentive points of 260.0 out of a possible 260.0 were earnod for this firing. (For a detailed descripUon of S-IC-5 static firing activities s e e page 73.) The stage was removed from the static test stand on September 11, shipped back to Michoud on September 12, and moved (Figure 2-5 shows an S-IC stage being moved from the Michoud factory building) into the stage test facility f o r refurbishment and modification on November 15, 1967, Refurbishment and modification were discontinued for a period of time but were renewed on January 30, 1968. On April 1, 1968, the stage began preparation for post-static checkout, scheduled a t that h e to commence on April 22, 1968, Post-static checkout was deferred at NASA's request and, at the clwe of the reporting period, is scheduled tcJ commence on July 8, 1968. !f------ -- . . Systems 'tA" instrumentation (hardwire instrumentation for static firing purposes only), and incorporation of committed modifications, It was shipped to MTF on March 1, 1968 and erected in the test stand on M,wch 4, 1968. Stage power-on wns accomplished on April 4, but on April 23, a t the direction of the Program Executive, S-IC-6 acceptance tests were suspended s o that proposed POCO suppression modifications, resulting from AS-502 flight analysis, could be studied for possible incorporation and testing on the S-IC-6 prior to the decision to incorporate them on the S-XC-8, A raview of changes affecting the stage was then conducted to decide which changes would be practicable for accomplishment prior to a later static firing schedule. At the end of the reporting period, S-IC-6 static firing was scheduled for eary August 1968. S-IC-7 Post-manufacturing checkout of the S-IC-7 began on August 14, 1967 This activity was completed on November 13. Maximum incentive points were earned for achievement of this milestone, but they a r e being held in abeyance pending negotiation of SA MICH -662 (see page 3). The stage was placed in storage on November 22, 1967. " _*-""f Figure 2-6 shows the S-IC-7 in storage in the Michoud factory building. On March 13, 1968, the S-IC-7 began installation of Systems "A" instrumentation (hardwire instrumentation for static firing purposes only) and incorporation of committed modifications. At the close of FY 1968, the stage was scheduled to be delivered toMTF (to begin preparation for static firing) onSeptember 13, 1968. . S-IC-6 The S-IC-6 was undergoing post-manufacturing checkout at the end of FY 1967, Post-manufacturing checkout was completed on July 24, 1967, with customer acceptance of the simulated static firing test. (Maximum incentive points of 299.6 were earned for attainment of this milestone. ) The stage remained ak. Michoud through February 1968 for storage, inst&&%ionof Figure 2-6 S-IC-7 Stored in Factory Building �S-IC-8 Vcrtlcnl nssembly of the S-rC-8 was completed Septcmbcr $1, 1967 imnc? hoz.izontni assembly begon the following clay. (Figure 2-7 shows the S-IC-8 invertical assembly and F i w c 2-8 shows ft being removed from the vcll.tict11 position in the RIichoud V A B , ) Due to modifications to thc ~vorkingschedule, the vehicle remained in a fitctory work position for horizontal assembly and morlificaliw incorporntion until May 110, 1968, when it was tmnsfcrred to a factory storage position where i t will remain for an indE.finite period. Several proposals have been made during the past year to initiate a factory verification test with the S-IC-8 vehicle. This test would consist primarily of a proof pressure test Eo check for leakage in the LOX and fuel tank systems, At one time, in mid-March 1968, dl preparations were completed and readiness reviews were held with the Mickoud Operations Manager, but performance of the test in the factory was suspended a t the last moment by NASA directive. S-iC-9 All major structure@for the vehicle were completed furing FY 1968. Vertical assembly was completed February 22, 1968, and horizontal assembly began the following day. Horizontal assembly was completed June 17, 1968, and the vehicle began a period of modification incorporation. Figure 2-9 shows F-1 engine installation in an S-IC stage during horizontal assembly, Delivery to the Michoud Systems Test organization for post-manufacturing checkout is presently scheduled for November 14, 1968, Figure 2-7 S-It-8 i n Vertical Assembly Figure 2-9 Figore 2-8 28 S-IC-8 Being Removed From VAB F-1 Engine installation in S-IC A l l major structures for the S-IC-10 were completed during the past year. Figure 2-10 shows completed S-IC propellant tank being moved from the Michoud factory building. Vertical assembly of the stage was completed June 18, 1968, and horizontal assembly began the following day. Delivery to Systems Test for post-manufacturing checkout is presently scheduled f o r Junuary 22, 1969. D5-1260 1-5 �?, * -".***--- -)r*$, m--~-7*.-.e.*Cw-"w-*;P"Q.~*1 - ' r* --' rr*.llla"W? t I I included one refurbishment unit for RP&VE and two KSC generd units. ? 9 i 1. f 1 .* . --- Figure 2-16 ---__-- -. --- '$ \ 11Y--- S-iC Propellant Tank Being Moved From Foctory During the past year, CCP 9289 (launch support hardware at KSC) , which established Michoud as the focal point for umbilical refurbishment, was initiated. Under this concept, all five of the S-XC umbilical carriers installed on a LWT will be removed from that LUT after a launch and returned to Michoud for refurbishment and updating. The present contract provides that a s e t of umbilicals be supplied for launches through the S-IC-15 with replacement of the units on each LUT after the last presently scheduled launch. Assembly i s now in progress on sets for the S-IC-4 and -6 and production support. *.I - .Jd S-JC-IITHROUGH -15 Assembly was started on the 3-XC-11 through S-IC-14 vehicles during the past year. Several of the major structures for the S-IC-11 have been completed. Assembly is proceeding as scheduled on the S-IC-11 through -15. Figure 2-11 gives the percentages of completion on S-IC-11 through -15 major structures a t the end of the report period. The remaining three units of Modification 122/174 pneumatic equipment were deivered to KSC during the past fiscal year. The helium and nitrogen sections of the LUT #3 pneumatic console were returned to Michoud Operations by Engineering Laboratories in mid-August 1967 following completion of a life-cycle test, Refurbishment and updating of the two units was accomplished on an accelerated basis, and the last of the two units was delivered to KSC on January 5, 1968. The third unit, the LUT Number 3 pneumatic checkout rack Number 2, was delivered to KSC on January 17, 1968. S-IC STAGE SUPPORT EQUIPMENT Figure 2-1 1 Percentage Complete June 27, 1968 - S-IC stage transportators Due to the revisions to the vehicle delivery schedule during the past year, S-IC stage transporters have become the pacing item in the completion of vertical assembly at Michoud. This is due primarily to the length of time the transporters a r e required to stay at KSC , and the number of vehicles in process at MAF in the horizontal position. At present, plans axe being made to work around the transporter shortage problem by placing vehicles in horizontal assembly on storage stands. T o provide a more definite resolution to this problem, action will also be taken in the near future to attempt to have transporters released from KSC as soon a s a vehicle is erected. b) S-IC forward handling rings The provisioning of handling rings to support the lift and join of the forward skirt has become an a r e a of concern during the past year. Because the S-IC-3 handling ring could not be released in time to support the S-TC -10, it became necessary to erect the S-IC-F vehicle in the VAB and change - Major Structures GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT KSC EQUIPMENT Thirteen end items required by MICH 112, CCP 9001, were delivered during the past fiscal year. Fifteen end items remain to be delivered. T h e last three units of Modification 123/185 umbilicals were delivered in the past fiscal year. These units D5-12601-5 - a) - 29 �out i t s aluminum handling ring for anPIISFC supplied steel handling ring. Yet even with this measure, it was necessary to waiver postproof-load test impectionin order to lift the forward s k i r t on schedule, The 5-16-3 h,wdlng ring i s now programmed for turnar*aund utfllzntian on tho S-IC-11 vehicIpt, and again does not support the MAF demand date, El oivever , efforts a r c now being made to accelcr:dc releaso of this handling ring from KSC , and with the use af premium time effort during rccyclo teat, the problem may be resolved. DESIGN AND ENGINEERING S-IC ENGINEERING DOCUMENTATION other committed changes. There were 3679 documentation packages released, of which 1961 were retrofits. Documentation releases associated with change action consisted of the completion of documentation for 117 chmgus ars listed in Appendix A, Changes initiated included 185 ECPs, 25 PRRs and 8 CCPs for a total of 218 changes a s listed in Appendix 3. During F Y 1968, Boeing Engineering worked ~ l o s e l y with the Computer &fences Applications organbatian ta assure that the Automtitic Rdeass &atem conversion from Honeywell to Univac computing equipment was successful. As a result, a high level of confidence can now be placed in the Automatic Release System, and the quality and timeliness of the required reports are excellent. S-IC STAGE WEIGHT STATUS Engineering dncumentatfon releases for F Y 1968were of a sustaining nrtture and consisted of retrofit and The final S-IC-1 stage dry weight a s determined by �the weight and balance log was 307,550 pounds pounds over the Contract End Item (CEI) speci tion weight of 305,284 pounds. The final S-ICdry weight a s determined by the weight and bal log was 306,159 pounds. This final weight is 137 pounds under the CEI specification weight of 306,2 pamde, T h s calculated dry w i g h t of the S-IC-3 stage for which Boeing has responsibility has increased 353 pounds during this reporting period. The F-1 engine weight did not change. At this ti Bocing is 669 pounds under the specification wei for 5-16-3. Variations in S-IC-3 versus S-f weight are plo-d Q Figure 2-12, Those do not include R&D fnstswnentauon, which with each vehicle (S-IC-2 through S-IC-5). Figure 2-13 represents the CEI spectfication wei CEI specification weight (less engines), 330 rent weight (R&D less engines), current dry (less R&D), and dry stage weight {R&D) for S-IC-2 through -15, A comparison of current we versus CEI specification weight for the S-IC-3 is included. - - S-IC STAGE DESIGN SERVOACTUATORS - Hydraulic Research servoactuator spring failure During pre-static firing checkout of the S-IC-5 a t NTF, the locks-off null position test revealed that the Hydraulic Research (HR) servoactuators on engine number four were not within specified limits, thereby causing erratic response. The cause of this out-ofnull positioning was traced to broken torsional springs that a r e designed to. preload the rotational mechanical feedback mechanism in one direction to remove backlash in this portion of the actuator control loop. Investigation revealed that the spring failure was due to contamination during heat treatment, As a result, HR servoactuators on the S-IC-1 were replaced with Moog servoactuators, and we were directed by NASA to replace the material used in Ihe failed spring (17-7PH steel) with a material not susceptible to s t r e s s corrosion. The actuators removed from S-IG-1 were used on the S-IC-2 after incorporation of improved process 17-7 PH steel springs, and Inconel 718 was selected a s the new material for the S-IC-3 and subsequent stages. Servoactuator s t r e s s corrosion- Failure of a Moog 50M (MSFC prmured) servoactuator occurred during bench test* at MSFC in February 1968, Severd other failures were subeequeatly dfseovered on D5-12601-5 tor bodies at both Moog and MSFC, MetalluranaIysis of the f i r s t f a i l u ~ eindicated that s t r e s s osion cracking occurred at the parting plane of e forged body, which m e constructed of 7075-T6 uminum. ~ e c a u s ethe S-1C-2 had four actuators this model installed, a change was initiated to reme them with BOB (Boeing procured) servoactuars. Boeing procured servoactuators were acceptable because additional processing controls, to minimize residual tension stresses on the surfaces f the actuator bodies, had been imposed during abrication, As a result of the above events, both Moog axl Hydraulic Researoh (Wlt) servollnkratDrs a r e being redesigned, and a test program for comparing s t r e s s corrosion resistance of 60B and 50M actuators has been initiated. 7075-T73 aluminum will be used a s body material for both the Moog and HR servoactuators, The Moog cylinder will remain 4340 steel while the HR cylinder will be changed to 7075-T13 aluminum. Miscellaneous other components win require processing modification to preclude s t r e s s corrosion. Test evaluation procedures for comparing 60B and 50M servoactuators will include accelerated s t r e s s corrosion testing bv alternate immersion in 3.5 percent salt water and X-ray diffraction measurements to determine residual s t r e s s levels on actuator body surfaces. Completion of the actuator redesign program is scheduled to provide production parts for use on the S-IC-6. The 6 0 3 (Boeing procured) 50M (MSFC procured) comparison study is scheduled for completion in September 1968. - Servoactuator redesign to eliminate s t r e s s corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement - Change Order MICH 738 directed Boeing to redesign servoactuators to eliminate all s t r e s s corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement susceptible materials, A review of all materials used in servoactuators has been conducted and material changes will be accomplished. Servoactuator electrical filter design-During S-IC-1 static firing, unexplained electrical noise in the Moog servoactuators input signal, accompanied by random movement of the actuator, was experienced, fnvestigation revealed that the observed noise resulted from vibration of the servoactuator torque motor that occurred in sufficient magnitude to saturate the flight amplsier and cause loss of actuator control. A change was initiated to reduce the noise level of Moog servoactuators on S-IC-3 through -10 by the use of a filter assembly that has been successfully tested in actual firings on the single-engine stand a t MSFC during &ne 1967, On August 31, 1967, S-IC-5, the f i r s t stage equipped with the flight configuration 31 �i- CEI SPEC. WEIGHT S- l C-2 - BOElNG CURRENT WEIGHT (R&D) (LESS ENGINES) (LESS ENGINES) ~ E SPEC. I WT. 306,296 " AS REPORTED BY THE F l N A l WEtGHT AND BALANCE LOG. . S-I C-3 WEIGHT STATUS 12-30-67 6-27-68 CHANGE 305,435 211,976 305,788 212,329 4.353 +353 7,931 7,931 0 304,681 305,498 +817 212,181 7,847 212,998 7,847 t817 0 I, CURRENT WEIGHT A. DRY STAGE (INC. R&D) B, DRY STAGE (INC. R&D) (LESS ROCKETDYNE) C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ilR&D) II.CEI SPECIFICATION WEIGHT A. CEI SPEC. WElGHT (INC. R&D) B. BOEINC PORTION, CEI SPEC. WEIGHT f INC. R&D1 C. R&D, CEI SPEC. WEIGHT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTRUMENTATION (R&DI (CURRENT) S- 1 C-2 S- IC-3 S- IC-4 S-1C-5 7,950 7,931 5,407 5,177 POUNDS POUNDS POUNDS POUNDS C Figure 2-13 32 Breakdown of S4C Stag6 Weights D5-12601-5 �filter msembly, was static fircd at MTF, and malysis of thrust vector control data showed that actuator8 equipped with the filter asr;embly performed within end item test plan requirements, ELEMRICAL 01STRIBUTORS During FY 1968 the Electrical Distributor Qualification Test Report was revised to incorporate certain exaggerated environmental test results and minor changes requested by MSFC , including changes to determine the effect of foam fn electrical distributors. Testa were conducted on cr distributor without foam, and results indicated that foam did not affect component o r structural dynamic responses. To eliminate concern with foam expansion, deletion of BMS 8-38 Sta-foam from electrical distributors wm proposed, However, this modification was disapproved by NASA. Inspection of printed circuit boards in electrical distributors revealed that some solder joints were cracked. Analysis indicated that the cracked solder joints were caused by differential rates of thermal expansion between component leads and board material, Environmental tests, thermal shock, and vibration verified the functional integrity of printed circuit boards with cracked solder joints. To eliminate cracked solder joints, manufacturing processes were revised to reduce stress in solder joints, and redesign of printed circuit board was initiated to provide strain relief for susceptible solder joints. An electrical distributor redesign study was initiated dufing the reporting period. This study will define distributor design criteria and investigate application of advanced packaging, interconnection, and termination techniques to electrical distributors. The study goal is to determine methods of improving distributor maintainability. During rework of S-IC-3 spare distributors to S-IC-1 stage configuration, misaligned and protruding contact members were noted in methode printed circuit card connectors. Subsequent discrepancy inspections revealed that these conditions were prevalent in a large percentage of installed connectors and in new connectors in stores. Cracked contacts were also noted in a number of connectors during these inspections Investigation revealed that the conditions were not design discrepancies, but resulted from inadequate control of materials and dimensions, which is inherent with parts procwred to vendor part n m bers with no control by the procuring activity, To provide tighter c&ols atld to assure producti~nof eatiafa&ry parts, a cormecEor specification was . 335-12801-5 originated, and a change was initiated to replace the FD744-%-SF connectors with MBC455 connectors on S-IC-3 and subsequent stages. Since no failures of the FD744-%-SF connectors had occurred during qualification, reliability, development, subsystem or stage level tests, or during numerous static firings, they were retafned on S-Ie -1 and -2, Figure 2-14 illustrates the S-LC power distribution system, Figure 2-14 S-IC Power Distribution System LOX FllL AND DRAIN VALVES During countdown demonstration testing of the AS501, LOX fill and drain valves were found to be leaking. Analysis of the valve failure revealed a eircumferential crack in the main seal, which is believed to be caused by severe thermal stresses induced in the teflon seal when it contracts, at cryogenic temperatures , at a rate faster than the surrounding metal. These stresses could also be enlarged by tolerance buildups, high flow rates, or valve cycling. This failure could not be duplicated during follow-up testing by the vendor, Parker Aircraft Comp+ny. Boeing assumed the risk of flying the S-IC-1 and -2 without changes to these valves. These decisions were based on the following: a) The valve has been installed in 18 locations per stage on the 8-1 and S-I3 stages with no eimilar failures experienced; b) Only two other failures (one seal cracked and 33 �onc showing cvidcncc of a crack starting) of this type had bccn experienced on the S-IC stage; c) A review of quality records was unable to attributc the failure to any specific lot of seals. Visual examination of approximately eight other, scals , inclucting one from the e.me lot as the S-IC stage valves, revealed no additional cracked seals; ,and d) Analysis indicates a high probability that any leakage would be GQX rather than LOX in the in installed valves. In event of a cracked ~t?d addition, the SA-501 mission revealed only gaseow leakage in the valve area. ORtGlNAL DESIGN S-IC PROPELLANT DISPERSION SYSTEM - Installation interference As a result of the problems encountered during installation of the Flexible Linear Shaped Charge (FLSC) on both the S-IC-1 and -2, the ordnance cowling installation has been redesigned, The redesigned cowling consista of m openfaced box with cover plate, and allows lateral insertion of the ordnance. Rework operations on the S-IC-3 ordnance included cleaning of the existing propellant tank cowling and replacement of the cowling on the forward skirt and intertank with the openface and cover-plate configuration mentioned above, The propellant tank cowling was reworked rather than removed because this cowling is bonded to the REDESIGN 1 :iguse 2-15 LOX Fill and Drain Valve Redesign The vendor has redesigaed the main seal area by splitting the existing one-piece seal into an internal dynamic seal arsd an external static seal (see Figure 2-15), An additional row of circumferential springs on a metal seal back-up contains the internal dynamic seal and provides the sealing surface. The new design has been subjected to limited qualification tests to assure that all design requirements can be met, and the redesigned valves will be incorporated into S-IC-3 and subsequent stages. However, qualification testing revealed that existing test procedures could allow a valve to qualify and yet experience leakage in stage use after repeated dry cycling during stage test and checkout. This condition has been evaluated by Engineering with the conclusion that the condition is an acceptable risk for the S-IC-3 Mght. However, efforts to resolve the problem are continuing and Engineering will initiate changes proposing the development and procurement of an improved design. 34 tanks and rebonding requires environmental control that is not available at KSC On S-IC -4 and on, the existing bonded cowling is being replaced with the new, open-face cowling. . - Support bracket failure During a routine inspection of the S-IC-1 fuel dispersion system installation, it was discovered that 31 support brackets had become unbonded. Investigation concluded that this failure resulted from sustained load application to the support brackets. This situation has been avoided on . subsequent vehicles by assuring a clearance between the cowling and the support strap. The failures on the S-IC-1 were dispositioned by removing the failed brackets and support straps. On the S-IC-2, failed brackets were removed, all support straps inspected, and shims were installed to provide desired clearance, An inspection of the support bracket installation on S-E-3 and -4 reveded only one failed bracket on the D5-12601-5 �EtECTRlCAL INPUT OMMAND DESTRUCT I Figure 2-16 J S-IC Propellant Dispersion System S-IC-3 and none on the S-IC-4. All support strap installations were inspected and reworked as required on all subsequent stages. Figure 2-16 is a schematic of the S-IC' propellant dispersion system. PROCEDURES FOR CHANGE-OUT OF TIMEICYCLE SENSITIVE ELEMENTS LOX ENGINE CUTOFF SENSORS - Solar Cell Redesign The LOX engine cutoff sensor solar cell has been replaced with a solar cell that is reliable at cryogenic temperatures. This action was taken because the previous solar cell had a history of failures. - During FY 1968 a change was initiated to resolve difficulties encountered in controlling time, cycle, or age sensitive S-IC parts, and to implement a new 50 percent life requirement at stage delivery. Life limit requirements, which were originally listed in Document D5-12713, will be released as new Class I documentation. The new Class I documentation will define the life limits and life apportionment by test phase of all S-IC time, cycle or age sensitive.parts. This documentation will also define the disposition of parts a t the end of life limits and, if parts can be reworked, the work necessary to restore the time, cycle, or age life to zero. Center Engine Redundant LOX Cutoff Sensor A new optical LOX engine cutoff sensor was developed, for installation in the center engine LOX duct, to provide a redundant method for initiating center engine shutdown upon LOX depletion (see Figure 2-17). This change is effective on S-IC-2 and S-IC-4 and subsequent stages. This change is not necessary on the S-IC-3 because the center engine on this stage is shut down by a timed signal from the instrument unit. LOX VENT AND RELIEF VALVES A redesign of the position switches on the LOX vent �and relief valves was initiated to resolve the following problems: a) Oil contamination could result in switch failure causing countdown delay due to the LOX vent valve position interlocks; and b) The actuator post-to-spring spotwelded joint failed during the S-IC-2 CDDT , resulting in an electrical short and loss of "open" position indication, which caused CDDT delay. PARKER VALVES STRESS CORROSION To eliminate the possibility of s t r e s s corrosion in the Parker Normally Closed IN.C ) Fill and Drain Valves (LOX and fuel), N. C LOX Interconnect Valves, and Normally Open (N. 0. ) LOX Interconnect Valves, the actuator housings of these valves were reheat treated to a 7075-T7351 condition. This change was initiated on stages S-IC-2 and on because failure of the actuator housings could result in loss of actuator pressure that would cause closing of the N C , valves and opening of the N .O vaIves If this occurred during fuel and/or LOX fill operations, the fuel and/or LOX fill and drain lines could rupture because the GSE would not be able t o shut off the fuel/ LOX supply in time to prevent excessive surge pressures. . . . . . LOX INTERCONNECT VALVE During the reporting period three Whittaker LUX interconnect valve shafts failed, and a fourth was f d to have circumferential cracks, that were 36 identical to those found on the three failed shafts, indicating a potential failure. Of the three valves that failed, two failed during functional testing, and the third failed during reliability test cycling. Seven other valves were disassembled and their shafts were magnetically inspected. Of these seven, one was found to have circumferential cracks on the shaft. To prevent such failures, which would render the valve inoperative, the shaft material was changed (S-IC-2 and on) from 440C to Inconel 718, heat treated to 180,000-200,000 psi. F-1 ENGINE LOX SEAL PURGE REGULATOR The LOX Seal Purge Regulator is a flight critical component that has been subjected to prolonged operating time during prelaunch test activities at KSC Because this additional operating time was not anticipated during initial design and testing, a reliability test program was initiated to simulate five complete life cycles. There were no critical failures on three test regulators each of which waa subjected to a total of 840 hours of operation to satisfy the reliability test that simulated static firing, prelaunch, flight environments, and service times, A burst test will be conducted using one of the reliability test regulators to determine any detrimental effects the reliability Iff@~ y ~ f might b g have h%dBI t h rfa@atorr This @&tier erck@&ledto kgin in Augwt 1988, . RETROROCKETS - During FY 1968 there have been several major D5-1260 1-5 �problems concerning S-IC retrorockets. These problems and their resolution are: - Propellant cracks, voids, and separation Problems of this type have occurred on S-IC retrorockets. ' I o solve such problems as they arise, Z'hiokol Chemical Corporation (the vendor) details propellant problams on Material Review Board (MRB) forms, submits the MRB forms t b Boeing Engineering for approval, and then proceeds to take the approved corrective actio~. Localized thin aroas in rocket cases - During a drwwintJ operation that ww used in ttra rnfu~uf~oftrre of rocket cases, longitudid thin strips, called creases, were generated in the case walls. To resolve the problem, a stress analysis was made on each case-to determine the maximum pressure each would withstand. The three cases with lowest wall thickness in the creases were then hydroburst. These operations indicated that the remaining creased cases were acceptable insofar as design strength requirements are concerned. Overdrilled holes in rocket cases and out-of-round rocket cases These problems were resolved by stress analysis and the test firing of one rocket. The test rocket had an unacceptable out-of-round condition, and the 1/4 28UNF holes in the head end were overdrilled, Thiokol created a "worst possible'' condition in the roeket by extending the already overdrilled holes through the case and into the propellant. The bolts were installed and the rocket was fired resulting in nominal performance parameters and no evidence of case deterioration due to either discrepancy. - seconds to T+135 seconds, a significant longitudinal oscillation of 5 cps built UP and then died out after reaching maximum at T+126 seconds. Acceleration, thrust, and propellant pressures were all in phase, indicating a closed loop instability, called POGO, that limit cycled, Accelerations reached 0.8 gts peak-to-peak at the Command Module interface and 0.4 g's peak-to-peak on the S 4 C stage. These oscillations can affect payload structure and impair the effectiveness of the astronauts, The Crolution t;o this problem involves a change to the LOX delivery system to effect a change in propellmt line freqwncier , t;heeeby dsloclupli~the orsefllatfm and estaXslishing stability. A full-scale analysis is underway to determine and incorporate the solution to this problem prior to the S-IC-3 launch. Several POGO solutions have been considered, and the two prime corrective systems currently being considered are a helium injection sysbm (ECP 0442) and prevalve accumulators with helium injection fECP 0446). A brief description of these systems follows. a) This system involves injection of gaseous helium into the upper portion of the LOX suction ducts through existing bosses of the four outboard engines during the time that POGO could occur. The helium supply will be tapped off the high pressure side of the stage helium manifold, then routed through shutoff valves, regulators, and orifices to manifolds located in the intertank area, and then through check valves into the suction ducts. - S-IC-1 and S-IC-2 flight retrorocket performance exceeded prediction Both the S-IC-1 and S-IC-2 flights have revealed retrorocket motor performance in excess of that predicted. Pressure transducers are used in flight to measure the performance of each of the eight retrorockets. Investigation revealed that Tkiokol uses tubing filled with grease to measure performance while the Boeing instrumentation is coupled directly to the pressure chamber and exposed to direct pressure and temperature transients. Because flight performance was predicted on Thiokol measurements, it was necessary to run comparative instrumentation tests, The results of this testing indicate that flight instrumentation read high in an indication of excessive performance. Final reso* Iution of tNta problem i s not complete for W8 report;fng period, - POGO During the S-IC-2 flight, in the period from T+110 D5-1260 1-5 Helium Injection System (ECP 0442) b) Helium P revalve Accumulator System (ECP 0446) This system involves injection of helium gas into the LOX prevalve cavities, thus enabling the prevalves to serve as accumulators. Onboard helium will be provided by tapping off the high pressure side of the helium manifold. As a result of the POGO resolution effort an extensive testing program has been undertaken by Boeing Schedule I, Numerous component tests, development, reliability, and qu&f1cation, have been initiated to help raaolve thia problem. A LOX suction duct flow test fixture, which is being used to test dynamic characteristics of suction lines as a result of proposed POGO suppression s y s t e m , has also been constmcted at Michoud, 37 �AIR SCOOP BIMINATNIN hfSFC hnx ngrccd to delete the base air scoops for st,ngc,s S-IC-3 and on, This i s being done because nnnlysis intficatcs that the base air scoops used on the S-IC a r e not rrqulrcd to maintain temperatures in tho base rugtan within ncceptztblc levels. The 5IC-1 flight verified this m d y s f s when the data was cx,unined and thc actual base environment was found to be much less scvcre than the design environment. This data indicnted that air scoops were not necessac far coaling, Scoop elimination was also desirnblc Imm thc et.mdpoint of weight (a~>proximably ,500 Ibs,), cost, and possible interference with LUT hardware during llft-off; and a chmgc to provide a rain cover ovcr t h scoops ~ to prevent deflection of rain water on thc fnsulatcd base area surfaces will also be avoided by scoop elimination. Data from the S-IC-2 flight confirmed that the scoops are not required. The base environment on the S-IC-2 was more severe than S-16-1, as expected, but still less than design levels. HEAT SHIELD - Heat shield material The basic ingredient of the &I-3 1 ccramic hsulation originally used on the heat shield was Tipersul. Therefore, upon notice from the I)upont Company that production of Tipersul would be discontinued, Boeing stockpiled a supply to support estimated S-IC requirements. However, due to an unexpected high usage rate in production and refurbishment operations, the stockpile proved insufficient. As a replacement for M;3 I, the MSFC M&P Laboratory developed a new insulation, FTA 442A. The Rohr Corporation performed development tests and fabricated production panels with the new insulation f o r qualification. Tests were run subjecting the panels to the predicted flight environmenb. As a reliability test, panels were subjected to an additional 140 seconds of acoustic test with minor damage, In a separate test, engine shutdown followed by a flight cycle was simulated with favorable results. Based on preliminary data and reports, the new mateda.1 appears more than adequate for flight use, and will be used, rather than Tipersul, for the heat shields on S-IC-I0 through -15. " - Heat shield delamination During the S-IC-1 flight, two thermocouples located on the heat shield a t holddown M i t i o n III indicated a sharp temperature rise a t approximately T+110 seconds. During the S-1C -2 flight, two thermocouples located on the heat shield 38 at holddown Position Il indicated a sharp temperature rise at T+96 seconds. These anomalies were attributed to cracking and/or delamination of the M-31 ceramic insulation. TV camera film at Position I on the S-IC-2 flight showed a triangular area of delamination approximately 10 inches on each side, bat no thermacouples axe installed in this area to record the effects of the delamination. This problem appears to be localized because average coldside and brazeline temperatures were 72OC and 185OC, respectively, These low average temperatures indicate that, even though local damage may have occurred, the heat shield remained effective. Additional vibration and acoustic measurements will be included on the S-IC-3 heat shield to determine the cause of the delamination. FORWARD SKIRT TEMPERATURE Insulation was applied to the S-IC-1 forward skirt to prevent high temperatures. Data received from the S-IC-1 flight indicated that temperatures were lower than anticipated. However, because the insulation thickness was not strictly controlled, this data is not completely reliable. Therefore, controlled thickness insulation will be placed on the S-IC-3 at thermocouples, and temperature data will be gathered during its flight. If this S-IC-3 flight data indicates that insulation is not required, it will be eliminated from S-IC-4 and subsequent stages. STAGE RAINWATER DAMAGE While the S-IC-1 was on the pad at KSC, rainwater entered the thrust structure area through the electrical cabling access opening underneath the electrical tunnel and caused water damage to certain electrical components. To prevent rainwater from entering the stage, a type of adhesive tape was applied to the electrical and pressurization tunnels and other affected areas on S-IC-1 through -3. Because this tape application is a temporary measure, rubber and metal seals will be installed on the S-IC-4 and following stages. FORWARD UMBILICAL DOOR Film taken of the launches of the S-IC -1 and -2 disclosed that the forward umbilical door interfered with the umbilical disconnect cable at liftoff and remained open during flight. Although no apparent stage and only slight umbilical damage resulted, the forward umbilical door was redesigned to prevent interference with the disconnect cable and to ensure proper closure of the door during Right. The change was made for S-IC-3 and on, but the change could not be made to the S-fC-2 due to schedule impact. D5-1260 115 �measurements. Of the 880 active measurements, 865 provided valid data. OESICCANT FILTER UMlTS The desiccant filter unit is comprised of a particulate filter, which is 100 percent efficient in removing particles 50 microns or larger, and a silica jell desiccator which ha$ the capability to reduce the relattve hum?tdiw of Znnawiw air frum 98 percent to 65 percent. NASA has reviewed the application of desiccant filter units to be used on the S-IC propellant tanks and approved their usage during all MAF operations, This change constitutes a major cost reductien because the prc%viowlym a d positive greseurization ayrtrttn required c m a t monitorif af the equipment. The desiccant filter systam requires monitoring only to the extent of changing out the desiccant portion approximately unce each seven to ten days. . The mags of the desiccant alter system on propellant tanks of the S-IC stage in storage was applied earlier, and its usefulness and convenience has been establshed. Recently, relative humidity samplings of the tank interiors were found to be well below a new customer requirement of 40 percent maximum. SLOW RELEASE MECHANISM Boeing Schedule I and II were concerned about the number (12) of slow release mechanisms (SRIVI) and the possibility of inadequate lubrication of the SEW with the KSC procedure of greasing after SRM assembly of the pin in the die. , Three spares S-IC-2 slow release mechanism, lubricated to a new KSC procedure, were pulled in the MAF laboratory. The peak extrusion loads of 66, 63, and 69 kips were in the low portion of the range of peak loads obtained during the developmental test program, Loads analyses, with 12 SRMs having these latest test data characteristics, indicated that although the vehicle responses have increased, in all cases these vehicle responses remained within design limits. Also, the time required for SRM extrusion had dropped indicating less probability of AS-502/LUT interference than would have existed with a 16 SRNl configuration having peak force values of the original specification. Therefore, a properly instrumented 12 SRM configuration using thc4 new KSC SRM lubrication procedure was used on S-IC-2 and will be wed on S-IC-3. 1NSTRUMENTATFON - Flight measurements On the S-IC-1 flight there were 854 active and 18 waived measuremeats. Of the 854 active m e ~ u r e m e n t,s 831 provided valid data. The S-IC-2 flight had 880 active and 13 waived . - Thermocouple bond failure Thermocouples bonded to the LOX and fuel tank surfaces became detached during flight and gave erroneous data. Improved bonding methods have been developed aad all taak surface measurements on S-IC-3 through -5 will be rebonded. - - Engine area vibration data Sptwious high amplitude, low frequency ~ u t p u bhave invdidaO;(admuch of the vfb~aionand acwstlc date o b t a e d during static firings and the S-IC -1 and S-I@-2 Rights. This problem is concentrated in the engine area, and is caused by the emitter followers and AC amplifiers being overdriven by excessive piezoelectric transducer outputs. The high transducer outputs are caused by high amplitude, high frequency shocks that are generated by uneven engine combustion. To resolve the problem on S-IC-2 though -5, a change was initiated which removed seventeen engine area vibration transducers that had se~aratelvpackaged emitter followere and interconnecting coaxial cables, and substituted seventeen transducers that have integral emitter followers with a higher output capability. S-IC-2 flight data indicated that this change considerably reduced, but did not eliminate, the problem. Another change has been initiated to add a capacitor to the AC amplifier input to block low frequency noise signals. This change is effective for all engine measurements on S-IC -3through -5, and should reduce the high amplitude, low frequency outputs to a level that will not interfere with accurate measurements. - LOX pump inlet pressure measurements The 60B72091-1 transducer used on the LOX pump inlet high frequency pressure measurements has consistently failed during static tests and flight. These failures are apparently caused by physical shock while the transducer is at LOX temperature. These measurements are important for the detection and evaluation of POGO. To determine the best corrective action for this problem, several new measuremente will be made on the S-IC-6 and tested during that stage's static firing. These new measurements include relocation of the subject transducer to a less severe environment, replacement wlth a prototype of a more rugged design, and determination of the feasibility of using existing measurements for detection of POGO-indbed pressure oscillations by increasing the sampling rate. Fuel filter manifold differential pressure transducers -- f mes€igation afthe fuel filter manifolddifferenUalppessure trsn8ducgrbiaashift problem revealed that - D5-1260 1-5 39 �LEGEND 1. YAGI ANTENNA 2. TRANSMITTER 3. -28 VDC 4. VIDEO REGtSTER 5. TO SYSTEM 2 6. CAMERACONTROL 7. TV CABLE ASSEMBLY 8-CAMERA 9. COUPLING LENS 10. IMAGE ENHANCER 11. DC TO AC INVERTER 12. FIBER OPTICS BUNDLE 13. JUNCTION BOX 14. OBJECTIVE LENS 15. PROTECTIVE WINDOW 16. INSULKTION BLANKET shifts can be induced in the transducer by prolonged temperature soak at 130°C. However, after 1200 hours af soaking, test transducers showed no decrease in shift rate with time. Extensive studies by the vendor produced design modifications that were thought to eliminate stress in f i e seneor unft aesem- 40 bly, and thus eliminate the shift problem. Prototypes of the new design, however, showed no improvement. A new design consisting of a single diaphragm with a depasited thin-film strain gage bridge is being investigated. This design m d d eliminate the need for a reference bellows and silicone ofl fill, Also, the new D5-12601-5 �tfansducer would be of an all-welded construction which would minimize diaphragm stresses. Two prototypee of the new design are being built for evaluation. - LOX and fuel loading system During 6-IC-1 checkout, tbe loading system "out-of-lock" monitor that is used ae an interlock in the propellant tankkg computer system (PTCS) operated intermfttently. This waa caused by the loading electronics being susceptible to stage noise under certain conditions. The pr6blem w m corrected by a new design. transfer tests. This problem was corrected by providing untnterrupted power ta the loading syetem. During this reporting period, a change was released to disconnect the checkout (RACS) cables from the loading electronics for S-IC-1 and -2. This prevented instrumentation test,, usfng the RACS system, from upsetting discretes in the PTCS. A change waa also released to provide control of the calibration commands to the loading system from the measuring and R F console in the LCC for S-IC-3 and on, S.IC fv SYSTEM During LOX lotxding at MTF where LUX wm load& Q near 100 percent on the loading probe, the LOX overfill sensor intermittently indicated a wet condition. This was attributed to LOX being splashed onto the overfill sensor due to LOX boiling. This problem wae corrected by moving the overfill sensor approximately four inches forward. The S-IC-2 was the first S-IC flight stage with the TV system lastaIled. The system, which is detailed in Figure 2-18, operated satisfactorily during pre-launch operations and launch. During the SIC-1 CDDT, power to the loading system was lost durfng the power transfer test, upsetting the propellant tanldng c o m p t e r system dfscretes. This was caused by the loading eystem being powered from GSE bueees that a r e turned off during the power The S-fC-2 was the first S-IC flight stage with the film camera system insta31ed. The Position X separatfon camera capsule waa the only capsule recovered, but its fflm was washed out during the first five seconds after separation. It is concluded ehat this FILM CAMERA SYSTEM �was caused by a combination of sun glare and S-II ullage rocket deposits on the quartz protective window, The action necessary to correct this problem will be accomplished on the S-IC-3 and subsequent stages. The W e e camera capsules, that were not recovered, apparently were not ejected, Excesaive temperature and pressure environments immediately following separation -me suspected to have caused faflure of the camera ejection pressurization syrstem. The exact cause of this failure is still being investigated, and changes being incorporated to prevent ita recurrence on S-IC-3 are: from a) Change pneumatic to stainless isteel; b) Add orifices to prevent pneumatic line ruptures from bleeding down the ejection bottles; c) Add thermal insulation to exposed protective cover cables; d) Modify the GSE regulator system such that the ejection bottle can be pressurized to a higher pressure ; e) Add orifices to prevent pneumatic line ruptures from bleeding down the ejection bottles; f) Add thermal insulation to exposed protective cover cablea; and g) Modify the GSE Regulator System such that the ejection bottle can be pressurized tu a higher pressure. Figure 2-19 illustrates the Camera Capsule Assembly. �TELEMETRY SYSTEMS - DC-DC converter and DC power isolator DC-DC converter (60B76 123) and DC power is01a h r (60B76503)failures, due to incompatible production procedures, caused a redesign of the assemblies to provide more reliable componante, Also, NASA disapproved the qualiQcation of the assemblies because of the under voltage rated capacitors used in the vendor design. - ' Remote digital sub-multiplexer (RDSM) -ring a sitnulaW flight test on ehe S-IC-2 at KSC, a 108s of synchronization occurred on the pulse code modulation (PCM) telemetry link. The cause was traced to a remote digital sub-multiplexer (RDSM) output word containing nine logic llzeros" and one logic "one, " while the preceding word contained ten logic "ones. " Under these conditions, the RDSM output caused the digital gate card in the PCM/DDAS assembly to trigger erroneously and inject an incorrect bit into the 30 bit PCM synchronization pattern. Duplication of the problem in the Boeing electronics laboratory indicated that the problem was due to cable capacitance between the RDSM and PCM/DDAS assemblies. A new digital gate card, with input capacitors that masked the effect of the cable capacitance, was incop porated on 5-IC-2 and subsequent stages. This change was not required on S-IC-1 because of the RDSM measurement profile. - Offset Doppler (ODOP)Transponder Boeing has been unable to verify qualification of the Offset Doppler (ODOP) Transponder to the Contract End Item Specification for the S-IC. However, sufficient data was provided on the range safety decoder, and Boeing concurs that the decoder is qualified for the S-IC stage, Figure 2-20 illustrates the ODOP system, GSE/MSE DESIGN S-E PNEUMATIC EQUIPMENT - - S-IC pneumatic console MTF The LOX dome purge maximum lock-up requirement has been increased to 1200 psig and the lock-up pressure recorded from the S-IC-5 static firing was within this limit, A change was also processed to put the low purge on an orificed by-pass circuit to reduce the service time on the regulator. Analysis of S-IC-T static firing data indicated a potential pressure overshoot problem on low h e 1 prepressurization when the fuel tank is at minimum ullage. This pressure overshoot could cause the D5-1260 1-5 stage fuel tank relief valves to cycle. Therefore, a change has been processed to assure that . the stage relief valve will not be actuated under normal conditions. The high failure rate of the helium bottle fill regulator ham been corrected. Andyeie of S-IC-4 and -6 static firing data indicated a potential pressure overshoot problem on LOX prepressurization. Also, calculations based on the static firing and launch data indicated a potential pressure undershoot problem tm fuel prepressurization during engine startup. A change wae processed to corrsot thaae problems prior to S-ZC-3 launch. This change will be verified during the S-IC-6 static firing. - - S-IC pneumatic console KSC All systems met launch mission rules requirements for S-IC-1 and S-IC -2 launches. Subsequent to each launch, one piece of equipment (forward umbilical service) was found slightly damaged due to severe launch environments. Problem areas which became evident during the processing of S-IC-I, and S-IC-2 are: a) A rupture of the GHe Primary Regulator diaphragm would'result in loss of LOX bubbling capability and therefore jeopardize the stage. A change was processed to add redundant capability and was incorporated prior to launch. b) Position of hand ball valves needed more positive control to preclude position change during vibration and allow easy monitoring of valve position. A change that provides position indication and locking was processed to rectify this problem. c) A considerable number of failures occurred in Pneumatic Console solenoid valves. An extensive failure analysis program was conducted in cooperation with the vendor and it was determined that serious seat deformation was occurring when valves were energized for extended periods of time under high pressure conditions. A development program was then initiated to determine the best possible material to resist the seat deformation and meet sealing requixements. Necessary changes have been made and the valves have passed a rigid qualification test. d) Numerous problems were experienced with the primary module Ladewig pilot operated relief valves during qualification testing for 5-IC-1 certification, Redesign of the valves was underW e n and accomplished prior to S-IC-1 launch. Life cycle testing at ~ o e i n g / ~ i c h o uwas d suc43 �cessful. The ncw valve c o a ~ r a t i o nuses a pilot valve: separated from the main valve body by flcsfble hoscs to correct a vibration sensitivit~;problem with the original integral pilot mounting. the subsystems of the S-IC stage handling equipment, At that time, design, maintenance, proof load, and inspection requirement responsibilities were divided between Engineering, Operations, and Facilities for various segments of the total handling equipment. e) Two regulator failures occurred in the LOX dome purge module during CDDT activities for S-IC-2. The failure effects were identical, but the failure causes were not. The f i r s t remla* apparently failed due to operating the module with the inlet manual isolation valve instead of the LCC control. The mpsccrnd rdgtuIator had the same law outlet pressure but had misaligned poppet guide bores that resulted in abnormal wear. A change that provides for incorporation of redundancy, and deletes the failed regulator has been processed. Boeing Engineering was directed, on may 27, 1967 to accept responsibility for the forward lifting linkage assembly and the rotational brace assembly for the Michoud VAB. A production revision record was then established which, (1) provided a new forward hfting linkage assembly, (2) modified the forward handlfw ring b e t f ~ r too proof teet the new forward lifting linkage assembly, (3) modified the existing rotational brace assembly, and (4) modified the existing adjustment linkage assembly. This equipment was used for the first time during lowering operations of the S-IC-10 in the Michoud VAB. Mathematical models were constructed to simulate components, specifically valves and re@lators, in the pneumatic console, thereby facilitating prediction of in-flight operation of these components. Results compared favorably with test data. In addition, studies were made on the necessity of adjusting pipe sizes at the inlet to the pneumatic console to retard the introduction of facility contamination. Research has continued on filtered flow restrictors designed to reduce contamination while still regulating fluid flow. S-IC storage racks The storage racks that were secured to the LUT during the launch of AS-501 were damaged and their contents, including the bulkhead protection equipment, were partially destroyed. It was apparent from inspection of the launch damage that the racks had been subjected to a more severe environment than the environment furnished a s design criteria. f) - - S-IC pneumatic checkout racks KSC Tests conducted using the mechanical automation breadboard (MAB) indicated that the pneumatic checkout racks (PCR) a s presently designed a r e not capable of meeting the customer accuracy requirements for checkout of the S-IC stage LOX, fuel, and thrust OK calips switches. This problem is twofold; first, the ramp rates for pressurization/depressurization of calips systems a r e too high, resulting in excessive pressure change; and, second, the pressuretransducers cannot be calibrated to the required accuracy of 5 -05 percent full scale due t o operation of the transducers a t 16S0F. An engineering change will be processed to eliminate the problems outlined above. GSUMSE TRANSPORTATFON AND HANDLING EWPMENT - - 6-IC stage handling equipment Xichoud VAB H u e r o w rejections against the forward handling ring and the forward Ufthg linkage aseambly brought out the fact that major inconsistencies exfsGed within 44 - An interim change was established to reinforce the rack structural integrity and to provide additional holes for venting the inside of the racks to outside pressures. However, incorporation of this change could not be made to support the AS-502 launch and the launch caused even more damage to the storage racks than AS-501. Damage to the bulkhead protection equipment was eliminated for S-IC-2 since the equipment was relocated from the storage racks to a room in the base of the LUT prior to launch. Subsequent to S-IC-2 launch, the interim change was revised to provide additional vent holes and structural reinforcement on several of the LUT level 60 racks. These modifications constitute an interim fix based primarily on launch damage experienced during the first two launches. The fix is planned for installation prior to S-IC-3 launch. The major problem in redesigning the storage racks * has been in defining the actual launch environment. Adequate data to define the environment has not been gathered because requests that the GSE equipment a r d o r the adjacent LUT structure be suitably instrumented to collect data to define the actual launch environment have been rejected, F i n d redesign of actual launch environthe storage racks to susmen& ia being held pending definition of the launch environment. D5-1260 1-5 ' �SWMSE Intertank umbilical reconnect assembly (a) The intertank umbilical reconnect assembly con- , taias a switch that provides a signal indicating that carrier retraction has been completed. The signal is used to initiate retraction of the swing arm, and its failure can cause mission abort. MSFC requested that a change be submitted to incorporate a redundant "Carrier Retracted" signal source. This was done, the design qualfffed by tercrt, and the chan~qewse fncorparat* ed on the LUT 1intertank umbilical reconnect assembly prior to the S-IC-1 launch. This design change will also be incorporated prior to the launch of all subsequent stages. [b) A failure analysis of the intertank umbilical reconnect locking mechanism, which had failed at KSC during swing-arm tests, disclosed a design deficiency in that an adverse accumulation of manufacturing tolerances could cause breakage of internal parts. Breakage results in the malfunction of the locking mechanism, and prevents a reconnection of the carrier to the S-IC stage. Design corrective action for the locking mechanism to support the S-IC-1 launch resulted in an interim fix, which could be incorporated by rework of existing components. Rework was necessary to support the launch without impacting the schedule. The corrective action taken for stages S-IC-2 and on resulted in a design to prevent recurrence of the failure. (0) The Boeing Company initiated a change for the redesign of the intertank umbilical to include backup capability for the retract system. Th& change resulted from a failure mode and effect analysis and revealed that single - -point failures cwld prevent umbilical retraction. Also, a request for change action has been initiated by S-IC liaison at BATC requesting that the single point failure be eliminated from the retract system. This change has been approved with additional directions to eliminate single point failure modes in the retract and reconnect systems. dl During the extension of swing arm number 1 at KSC, following the S-IC-2 overall swing arm test, the intertank umbilical inadvertently became unlatched from the retracted position. The event went unnoticed durfng the remainder of arm extension a d as the gwlng arm approached full extension, the umbilfcal struek the stage. Minor damage, requiring no repair, was experienced by the stage, but the umbilical LOX lines were damaged to the extent that partial replacement was required. Subsequent investigation revealed that the ability of the latch to hold the umbilicd in the retracted position under shock conditions wae marginal, Therefore a change was initiated which provided a redesigned latch to prevent a recurrence of the problem. Forward umbilical carrier problem at KSC on S-IC2- Two valve-type umbilical ooupZings on the S-IC forward urnbiliaal ground oarrier did not mate prom perly with the flight-half couplings. This resulted in partial*closureof the valves within the couplings and restricted flow. Indications were that hardware nonconformance (currently undefined) prevented the ground carrier from fully contacting the vehicle plate. The problem with the couplings was corrected by a change that installed a spacer behind the ground-half couplings thereby assuring that the internal valves are fully open. With MSFC and KSC concurrence, S-IC liaison generated a change, that called for replacement of the poppet valve couplings with straightthrough couplings on S-IC-3. The straight-through couplings should eliminate any problem of flow and lock-up pressure associated with the forward umbilical service unit. However, with the bowed condition of the forward umbilical flight plate, shimming of the straight-through couplings may be required to prevent leakage at the coupling seal. The closure problem of the coupling valves will not occur on S-IC-4 and subsequent stages because couplings used on the forward umbilical for these stages are not susceptible to this problem, However, the basic cause of the problem, improper umbilical carrier mating, is still under investigation. MISSISSIPPI TEST FACILITY S-IC-5 static firing - While preparing for the S-IC-5 static firing the stage fuel emergency drain duct collapsed during the fuel loading portion of the propellant load test. Investigation revealed that a negative pressure of as much as 12 psig was being developed in the facility RP-1 fill and drain system by a recirculating procedure that was being used for cleaning purposes. Although the same procedure had been used on previous stages (S-IC-T and S-IC-4) the condition was not detected because these stages were equipped with heavy-walled I.060'3 drain ducts. The wall thickness of the 5-IC-5 duct was only 03Zrt. After additional investigaffon and experbentation, the ta*g Procedure was revised to eliminate the recirculation mode, a nitrogen preesurization system was installed in the . �facility RP-1 lines, md the lines were instrumented to give a continuous r e d o u t of system pressures, - During the second propellcant load test of the S-IC-5 the LOX tank ullage pressure was observed tu go negaifve about 0.3 psig for a few seconds after two-line LOX bubl~lingwas initiated. This negative pressure was produced when the ullage volume was suddenly chilled by LOX geysering into the tank from one o r more of the partially filled suction ducts. The tanking procedure w3s changed to close the vents and pressurize the LOX tank to 3 to 4 psig before start of bubbling, This procedure was used eutcessfully on firing day. However, the auxiliary vent had to be cycled 38 times in maintaining the ullage pressure between 3 add 4 psig. Experimentation is under way at MSFC (S-IC-T at R-TEST) to devise a procedure that will suppress geysering without the necessity for cycling the vents. Valve position indications from the pneumatic console were lost momentarily four times during the S-IC-5 static firing. A post-firing examination disolosed no broken wiree or loose connections in the power circults, and a change was initiated to provide a redundant path for indicating power to the pneumatic consoles at MTF and KSC, Oiict a) b) 46 Support KSC An engineer from Michoud has been on site atKSC to provide direct coordination between Boeing Schedule I (Test Requirements) and Schedule Il? (Test Procedures),. This work involves assisting in the review of approximately 150 test procedures per stage, the resolution of commenta from Michoud and KSC on approximately 50 test procedures per stage, and the preparation of the detailed audit of test procedure compliance with test requirements. This support will beprovided to KSC as long as it effectively contributes to the S-IC stage program. Technical support was also provided during the prelaunch tests and during the actual launch countdown of AS-501 and -502. This support was provided through participation in a team stationed in the central instrumentation facility at KSC and through a team stationed in the Huntsville operations support center at MSFC. For the CDDT and launch of the AS-50 1 and -502, continuous support during the final 24 hours of countdown was provided for KSC from Michud, - Preoperational safety review An S-IC preoperational safety review for the S-IC-1 was conducted at KSC during the period July 5 through August 11,1967. The review team consisted of members from Boeing, General Electric, International Business Machfnes, and Rocketdyne. Test procedures affecting the S-IC stage were reviewed against safety criteria that were developed to determine whether or not unsafe conditions could occur as a result of executing the procedures. A total of 159 test procedures were reviewed, resulting in 119 safety problems reports. All 119 have been closed out. - KSC test requirements coordination Revision E to "Specifications and Criteria for S-IC Stage Prelaunch Checkout and Launch Operation at KSC" (D5-13618) was released during FY 1968. This revision incorporated committed changes and MSFC comments. The majority of these comments concern level of detail and the addition of primary requirements for tests being conducted in excess of the existing requirements. These comments were discussed with MSFC on December 19, 1967, and The Boeing Company agreed to make many of the changes to encourage a more uniform MSFC acceptance of document D5-13618 as KSC test requirements. - AS-501 and -502 GSE launch damage As a result of the launch environment, some GSE items on the mobile launcher were damaged. The following table is a brief asseslsment of this damage: S-IC-1 S-IC-2 a) S-IC pneumatic console Valve manifold assembly damaged No damage b) Pneumatic checkout racks No damage No damage c) Prevalve accumulators No damage No damage d) Aft umbilicals Major damage No damage e) Intertank umbilical Minor damage Control box panel missing Miaar damage No damage Forward umbilical ' D5-1260 1-5 �I' Intertank " 3) Thrust Minor damage Minor damage Minor damage Minor damage No drtm structure h) Heat shfeld storage No damage No damage i) Thrust structure No damage vertical internal access equipmetlt storage r a c h No damage j) Forward skirt Moderate Moderate &ten%mcear dam ~ W W equipment storage racks k) Fuel tankupper bulkhead protection equipment storage racks 1) LOX tank upper bulkhead protection equipment storage r a c h Racks heavily damaged Totally destroyed Racks heavily damaged Racks heavily damaged damaged Totally destroyed A damage assessment for tbe S-IC umbilical equipment that supported the S-XC-1 launch was aecomplished* The three AFT umbilical carriers sustained major damage resulting from the f a u r e of the tail service mast protective doors. The intertank reconnect assembly and the forward umbilical carrier euetafned only minor damage, A change w a initiated ~ a s a result of thie assessment. This change provided additional fasteners for the intertank reconnect aseembly control box covers to prevent the covere from beearning detached as Ls reeult of vibratfon. A preliminafy assessment of the damage euetaiaed by D5-12601-5 A detailed analysL of this damage L contaiaed in dacument B5-%584& "MobBa Launcher No. 1 Q8E Damage - Assessment and Corrective Action Recommendations," for the AS-501 launch and the follow-on document, D5-13842-1, for the AS-502 S-IC-2 launch, ENGINEERING TEST PROGRAMS During F Y 1968 test activities were directed toward the completion of the reliability program, qualification program, and resolution of design data problema and discrepancies identified during manufacturing, ~t;;Lt;lD Xi&%, a 4 6-IC-I, BXXd 8=XC43 I w ~ suggsst ~h sper&aaaa, rn) Intertank vertical Heavily internal access equipment storage racks the 8-IC umbilical equipment during the AS-502 launch was conducted. The three Aft umbilical carriers sustained no visual damage and appeared to be d e quately protected by the redesigned blast shields that were added to the t a i l service masts following the AS-501 launch. The intertank umbilical reconnect arssembly sustained moderate damage resulting from heat and vibration, but there was no major structural damage. The forward umbilical carrier eustained no apparent damage. At the beginning of the reporting period, Engineering Laboratories had 59 tests on hand. During the year, 355 tests were received, and 331 were completed. Testing is divided into categories of reliability, qualification, and development testing, and f aflure analysis. The High Pressure Test Facility, which experienced approximately five months of down time due to a high pressure line failure, resumed operations in August, 1967. To minimize the impact of the loss of the facility, six tests were conducted at the adjacent Michoud/Chrysler laboratory facilities. RELIABILITY TEST PROGRAM The reliability test program began the report period with six testa scheduled for a December 6, 1967, completion date. During that period, four teats were received, one was cancelled, one was reopened, and nine were completed. Reliability tests completed during F Y 1968 include: R401- Pressure relief switch R415 Redesigned outboard engine GOX line assemblies R427 Engine purge system regulator R22Z Thrust OK distributor -- 47 �R409 R465 R402 R4 11 R413 -- Redesigned Valve-to-tunnel duct aseembly feeder duct - Upper hot helium supply duct GOX GOX -- lnboard GOX line assembly Uppcr outboard GUX duct assembly OUALIFICATION TEST PROGRAM During the reporting period, qudiflcation testing for 220 compotients was successfully completed, increasing the number of certified components by 208 from 1103 to 15I I, sixty components r e m h to be certified (see Figure 2-21), All S-IC-1 and S-IC-2 stage and stage-peculiar GSE hardware was qualified prior to launch, and all S-IC3 stage and stage-peculiar GSE will be qualified prior to launch. At the beginning of this reporting period, the engineerirrg laboratories had eIeven qualification tests on hand scheduled for completion during December, 1967, During the period, sixteen additional tests were received, one was cancelled, and nineteen were completed, leaving seven tests to be oompleted, Also, the piece parts qualifioation test, P24 (quality assurance inspection of MBR37496-9 and MBR3749610 relays), is an open end item with lots tested on a periodic basis as they are delivered. DEVELOPMENT TEST PROGRAM During F Y 1968, 208 Development Tests were initiated, and 213 were completed. Engineering Laboratories supported the AS-50 1 mtowlmmr~ S-IC CONTRACTOR QUA1TEST SUMMARY OnmlOltOU1WEl' ALL CATEGORIES +--. Figure 2-21 48 -- S-fC Qualificatian Test Summary Dti- 1260 1-5 �lnunch by conducting three development tests. Five development tests were conducted in support of the AS-502 lnunch. Subsequent to the S-IC-2 launch, Engineering Labora- torirs also participated in the search for cause mtl solutions of problems encountered during the flight of AS-502. Durlng FY 1968 twenty-eight development testa that lcd to desibq changes were conducted. Eight development tests that deal with current problems were in progresa at the end of the reporting period. FAILURE ANALYSIS TEST PROGRAM During the fiscal year 90 faflure analysis testa were completed. INVESTIGATION OF DEEP-FLAW EFFECT IN S-IC TANKAGE Problems on the S-II stage focused attention on all S-IC stage pressure vessels that a r e proof-tested at room temperatures and a r e used at cryogenic temperatures. The problem involves the fracture toughness of tank material in the presence of a deep surface flaw. A fracture toughness test program has been initiated in Seattle to investigate the deep-flaw effect in 22 19 aluminum with a scheduled completion date of July 1968. Previously, an evaluation of all S-IC pressure vessels had been conducted by the structural development unit in Seattle. Based on existing data, the S-IC propellant proof tests were found to be adequate. Results of the current test program a r e expected to verify this evaluation. S-IC SYSTEMS A N D STUDIES STAGE SAFETY STUDY The stage safety study was conducted for S-IC-2 through S-IC-15 stages, a t MSFC1s request, to determine whether the stages would be safe at KSC for a seven-day period during which RP- 1 fuel is onboard, stage electrical power off, and GSE electrical power on o r off. "Safe" was considered to be a condition that would assure no physical o r functional damage to stage systems o r subsystems. Damage was considered to have occurred if the design limits, tolerances, o r specifications of a stage, system, o r subsystem were exceeded. The study indicates that the S-IC Stages a r e "safet1 when certain conditions exist as' defined in the study. S-IC ENGINEERING SYSTEM SAFETY PLAN Safety Engineering i s preparing an, "S-IC Engineering Safety PlanrTwhich will develop and implement a system that identifies relevant goals, requirements, controls, procedures, responsibilities, methods of accomplishment, and schedules for systems safety engineering. A preliminary copy of this plan was reviewed and commented on by affected organizations, and the estimated final release date is July 1, 1968. SPECIFICATION COMPLIANCE STUDY All S-IC requirements necessary to assure astronaut safety, stage integrity, and achieve end conditions of flight have been designated a s "Man-Rating Requirements", and will be verified as completed through an S-IC-3 specification compliance study. The S-IC contract end item specifications and Saturn interface control documents have been reviewed and a l l applicable man-rating requirements identified. Documented verification of compliance is being established by reviewing engineering and test documentation to assure that the identified requirements have been met. This study will be published as document D5-13874, "Specification Compliance Study for S-IC-3," which is scheduled for release on June 28, 1968. S-IC STAGE DAMAGE PREVENTION STUDY Document D5- 13704, ITS-IC Stage Damage Prevention Study," was completed on April 12, 1968, and is currently being released. This document presents the results of a study that was performed to establish and recommend dispositions of ground support equipment failures that could cause S-IC stage damage at MTF, The original findings were based on the S-IC4 configuration. A formal "Fault Tree Analysisf1wae used to identify areas of concern. One hundred twenty-one potential hazard areas have been identified of which 93 have been satisfactorily resolved with the remaining 28 still under study. A follow-on study to update the findings for the S-IC-6 configuration is in progress and will be documented prior to static firing. S-IC STAGE STORAGE S-IC stage storage requirements have been prepared and forwarded to MSFC for approval. MSFC standards 492 and 500, giving S-IC stage storage specifications, were received as information from MSFC, and have been reviewed. In several areas, these standards a r e more stringent than the Boeing prepared requirements. Major differences a r e in the �basic processing program modifications were incorporated, and PERT charts were released in about one half the time required for the S-IC1 flight. Data handling team interface review meetings were held to strengthen the overall communication network between the various flight evaluation organiz;ationa. area of ambient humidity, maintenance of contaminant levels and restriction of partfeulate material, and, in general, cover long storage periods* The fin& agpmvod requirements for storage will become part of the CEI Specification Part XI, FllGHf NAUIATION PROGRAM Test data requirements for analysis of the AS- S-1C.l Flight a) 502 CDDT, countdown, and launch were compiled and coordinated with the MSFC Mission Operations Office and MSFC Com~utationLaboratory. Inputs were made for fnclu'ion in the NASA Program support requirements document and the MSFC processed data requirements document, Attempts were made to obtain installation of additional instrumentation at KSC for measurements of the launch environment and its effect on the GSE. This was not successful for the ASS02 launch, but efforts are continuing for the S-IC-3 launch. Flight Ev aluat ion Preparations In prcpriration for tho S-101 flight, a complete practice run was necornplfshed using the S-IC-3 static firing telemetry data as the data bank, The practice*run provided a successful verification of our capability to reduce, process, and analyze the S-IC-l flight data. Also, a complete set of flight predictions were calculated and documented. These predictions were used to provide a rapid assessment of the S-IC-1 flight performance by identifying mearsurements that were significantly different from those anticipat&, b) Flight Evaluation The S-IC- 1launch occurred at 7:00:0 1 a. m. , EST, on November 9, 1967. The Boeing flight evaluation team participated in three presentatfon meethgs which reviewed the flight d a t a The required twenty-one day report was submitted to MSFC a s scheduled, on December 5, 1967. Generally, the AS-50 1 flight met all mission objectives except a s specified in the BoeingSixty Day Report, document T5-7000-1, which was released as scheduled on January 11, 1968. The report evaluated the performance of the first flight of the S-IC stage. The flight prediction document, was released on March 11, 1968. This document listed the predictions for S-IC-2 flight measurements. b) Flight Evaluation S-IC-2 post-flight activities, including the reduction and processing of the raw telemetry data, followed the PERT plan as closely as possible. The BERT completion times of some items were not met due to late delivery of data tapes from MSFC, and special analysis of the POGO problem, which impacted the entire processing effort. Data from the TEL 4 ground receiving station was used as the primary source for the PAM and FM data until the POGO problem became evident, A 2 cps "wow and flutter" error was found in this data, and the Central Instrumentation Facility ground receiving station data was used. S-IC-2 Flight a} Flight Evaluation Preparations Preparation for the S-IC-2 flight included such activities as certification of the basic data processing program using S-IC-2 flight readiness test data as input and verification of the stage telemetry configuration. Standard basic processing analysis program work was completed on schedule, As a result of prubIems encomtersd on the S-TC-1 Bight, several 50 Processing charts were released daily aa a tracldng method for the flight processing. These charts were released through L+14 days as required. A11 b e i n g contractual data deliveries were completed on or before the required delivery dates. The S-IC-2 data quality and delivery schedule was generally better than that for the S-IC-I. launch, As a result of pereonnel training after the S-IC-1 D5-1260 1-5 �ght and improved activity schedttlbg, the numbcr of aperture cards made for the S-IC-2 flight reduced by 33 per cent from the $-IC-1 t. a result of a problem encountered Sn the PCM a from the S-IC-2, a new formatting &ahue for PCM data was designed. The L+1, L+8, and L+14 day presentation material for the SIC-2 night were delivered on schedule to the MSFC flight svduatem working gmup FEW^ ohtlimas, The boejlng be21 dw input to the FEWG AS-602 report waer submitted aa scheduled on May 9, 1968, The L+60 day report T5-7000-2 was released, as scheduled, on June 28, 1968, V.7 PH. STAiNLESS STEEL USAGE SURVEY A Boeing survey is being conducted to determine all 17-7 PH steel parts used on the 5-IC stage that are reliability critical per document D5-11910. Fiftyfour parte made from this alloy were f~und, These are urrd In c~mpntaa@Xirat& h tat& dssmctat~ A matsix sf the pmoesssrr tur$ proceesing wed h fabrication of these parts is in preparation, to launch, that are dispositioned "use-as-is. " The procedure requires both NASA and Boeing technical and contract signatures to validate the waiver. All waivers are then documented in the appropriate Part I CEI Specification subsequent to vehicle launch. Ten 5-6-2 waivers were processed, approved, and incorporated hta the Part I CEX Specg$cation using this procedure. INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENTATION (ICD) AND INTERFACE REVISION N O T E E (IRN) STATUS OF BASIC ICD'S As of May 16, 1968, there were forty-five basic ICDta applicable to the S-IC stage, of which thirty-three are applicable to the stage hardware, eleven are applicable to the GSE, and one is common to both stage and GSE. All ICD1s a r e identified fn the May 1, 1968, issue of MA-004-002-2H, "Saturn V/S-IC Interface Control Documentation Contractual Index and Stabs Report. l t pa* CONTRACT END ITEM (CEI) SPEClFlCATiONS The Part II S-IC CEI Specification, S-IC-3 through S-IC-10, has been prepared and is currently being reviewed by NASA. This specification will be incorp r a t e d into CPIF Contract NAS8-5608, Schedule I, subsequent to negotiation and NASA approval, and when it is approved, will serve as the basis for configuration definition and a c c e p h c e testing of Stages S-IC-3 through S-XC-10. Ttre S-IC-4 was delivered to the Customer at Michoud with one government and two contractor CEI nonconformaaces for which no corrective action was required. Of these nnnconformances, eleven MSFC and twenty-four contractor qualified electrical comportents failed to fully achieve electromagnetic interference test requirements under MIL-I-618D. Also, voltage fluctuations (transient@ in excess of the end item test plan limit8 (t 14 volts) appeared at one of the monitored electrical circuit mints during power application add removal sequences. During the fiscal year, a wafver procedure was establlshed to cover wncodo~mancee,evidenced prbr D5-1260 1-5 Of the forty-five basic ICD1s applicable to the S I C stage and associated GSE, forty-one were officially accepted by Boeing, three have not been received, and one is not acceptable at this time. The three ICD1s not received are flight sequence programs for AS-508, -509, and -510, The ICD not acceptable to Boeing is the interface between the LUT and the S-IC access and bulkhead protection equipment storage racks. An administrative change propos d, which defines the changes required for compatibility with S-IC stage documentation, has been submitted to NASA. On August 8, 1967, Boeing initiated the use of record ECP's for the purpose of contractually accepting IcD/ ntN1s if they are compatible with S-IC Stage and CSE hardme and documentation. ~~~~d E C P I ~~ - 0 0 0 1 through R-0073 have been submitted to MSFC through May 16, 1968. RELIABILITY ENGINEERING RELIABILITY ANALYSIS - Documents'D5-12572-1, Its-IC System Design Analysis Propulsion/Alechaaical,'~and D5-12572-2, llS-XCSystem Design Analysis Electrical/Electronfcs ,'I were each updated Mce during this reporting period. These updates reflecEed failure mode and effect analysis, both - 51 �1 propulsion/mcehanical and electricallelectronics , for S-IC-3 and -4. Other imporbtnt S-IC reliability documents that were relemed during the reporting period, and the purpose for the release, are: 4 Document D5-11910, ,"Saturn S-IC Reliability Status Report,ll -Two updates were made, one to add additional status on reliabiliQ program elements, and one to add S-IC-4 stage release. b Dacumefit D5-31964-1, "Saturn S-IC Stage Reliability Analysis Record. "-Updated twice during F Y 1968 to report predicted and assessed reliaWlity for S-IC-3 and -4. 6) Document D5-13693, "Hydrogen Explosion Hazard Survey." -Updated twice to report that no ignition source is present in the interstage area that is sufficient to detonate an assumed hydrogen atmosphere. d) Document D5-11954, llSaturnS-IC StageReliability ~' Assessment and Prediction P r ~ g r a m . -Revised once during the year. This document contains the methodology used to apportion reliability goals and describes in detail, the Saturn S-IC reliability information system, 8) weekly I1FailureStatus SummaryM(unresolved failures) for program corrective action, the Michoud Reliability Data Center has initiated a "Top Priority" report for each scheduled launch. This report includes only those failures that could impact launch. If program corrective action cannot be implemented prior to the launch, the problem is submitted to the BoeinghIichoud UER/ CER Assessment Board for launch impact assessment. This "board" is chaired by the S-IC Chief Engineer with representatives from Boeing Quality and Reliability Assurance (Q&RA), and Product Assurance. Equipment Ouality Analvsi8 The equipment quality analysis effort was expanded during F Y 1968. This was the result of increased emphasis on product quality initiated in 1967. Emphasis has been placed on the analysis of reliability critical components. Additionally, this area has been expanded to provide the quality maintenance testing required by contract change order MICH-723. This combination of equipment quality analysis and quality maintenance testing constitutes an ambitious schedule of in-depth testing and analysis of "criticals1hardware. During the fiscal year, 111 Equipment Quality Analyses sad six Quality Maintenance Testa were performed. A summary of this activity follows: a) Document D5-12789, "Design Analysis for S-IC Malfunction Detection System. "-Updated once to reflect release of S-IC-4. This document cmtafns the necessary analyses and data from which the S-IC design requirements for a malfunction detection system may b t determined. ' In addition to monitoring receiving and subassembly discrepancies, major emphasis has continued on monitoring and evaluating in-service faiIures that occur on stage and GSE hardware during post-manufacturing checkout, static firing, and post-static checkout and after delivery to KSC . In addition ta tracking each in-service failure in the 52 ........................111 Number of EQA's performed andclosed..........................,... 92 ................. 51 Design C hasge ................. 5 Process Change.. .............. 5 Quality Control Improvement.. .. 31 1) With no anomalies.. 2) With anomalies resulting in : Failure Analysis Continuow emphasis has been placed on the S-1C Failure Analysis program. A total of eighty-two failure analysis test were completed during the reporting period. Operating procedures were revised during FY 1968 t o improve processing and analysis of failed hardware. Number of EQA's performed, during F Y 1968.. NOTE: Some EQA's resulted in more than one type of change. c) Number of EQAts performed remaining open ......................... d) A11 QMTts performed are open. e) Number of hardware problem analyses performed F'Y 1968 f) Number of discrepancy checks idsued FY 1968...*.r..rrea.*.e.-o..*..e=~...*. 19 ............. 138 39 D5-12601-5 �Oata Gallect~on artd Analysis During F Y 1968, 525 special computer printouts concernirrg faifure data were supplied to requesting organfzafioas by the Launch Systems Branch Reliability Data Center. These special printouts were reqaired to @upportsuch varied actfvitfae m product mcsaurmca, hurnaa engineering, and logistics. L A totrh of 789 Boeing Investigation and Corrective Action Requests (BICAR") were initiated by the Launch Systems Branch or assigned to Bming by NASA during F Y f 968, 8even hundred Urirty-five of these werecloered, and 54 r e m a n open and are programmed for completion aMf closeout during the first quarter of FP 1969. Continuous effort is being expended to isolate repetitive failure trends. Some of these collective analyses have resulted in further laboratory analysis and/or design corrective action, The requests for design corrective action are included in the BICAR statistics above. A total of 84 NASA "ALERTS" (problems experienced by other NASA centers and contractors) were received and evaluated for 6-IC impact during FY 1968. Seventyfive were closed; nine remain open, Refiability Audits The results of the FY 1968 reliability audits of compliance with the reliability requirements as defined by D5-11013, "Reliability Program Plan," and related documentation have been published for the first three quarters of FY 1968. These three quarterly "Reliability Program Status" reports were D5-13747-3, D5-13747-4, and 05-13757-1. The "Reliability Pro=am Status" report for the fourth quarter FY 1968 will be published after the end of the fourth quarter and will be designated D5-13757-2. The review included analysis of specifications, qudification, receiving inspection, functional test, vendor surveillance, and failure history. As a result of the review, recommendations were made for strengthenina; product quality of piece parts and standards. These recommendations resulted in tighter receiving inspection, increased vendor surveillrmae, and inoremced equipment quality analysis activity. Also, an engjneering review board recommended action on 34 critical piece parts for either new specifications, revised specifications, or higher level of qualification, Those recommendations were approved by the S-IC Chief Engineer and are in process of being implennenbd. Reliability Analysis Model Work continued during this report period in support of the reliability analysis model. This model delineates ground rules for providing S-IC stage reliability data I Reliability to MSFC as an input into the MSFC Level X Analysis Model (RAM). Failure effect analysis loadsheets, non-critical cables lists , criticality determination loadsheets , symbolic block diagrams, and engineering critical components lists for S-IC-3 and S-IC-4 have been completed and transmitted to MSFC. Faiture Management by UCR Task Force and Assessment Board During FY 1967, a task force was established to assure that all Unplanned Event Records (UER) and Unsatisfactory condition Reports (UCR) were properly dispositioned , failure analyses completed, program corrective actions taken, and flight readiness actions specified prior to the AS-501 flight. Major functions performed were: a) Classification of all S-IC program failures by their criticality as assessed in relation to S-IC-1 launch effect; b Establishment and implementation of a workable failure and failed hardware activity tracking system; and c) Support to the UERNCR Assessment Board, which was established based on the task force finding that program corrective actions could not be ,completed on all failures in time to meet the launch date. Product Quality Survey Work continued on the "Product Quality Survey" during this report period. This survey, which was initiated during FY 1967, reviews and updates existing GSE failure mode and effect analyses. This updating covers hardware and time intervals not previously analyzed, identifies single failures that could cause abort, and identifies single failures that could cause loss of stage vehicle o r crew. As a part of the product quality survey, an in-depth review was made of all $-IC stage piece parts and standards, This review was conducted by Engineering, Quality and RellaE>ifityAssurance , and 0perat;fom. f35-52601-5 Assessment Board members were the S-IC Chief Engimer ,Q&RA representative, Product Assurance manager and the UCR task force manager, , 53 �I The itshiesamcnt Board reviewed all w e s o l v e d failures and evvluatccl the risk each might have on the AS-501 launch and flight to assess Boelng's 8-IC flight readincss position. R e l i a b L ~Program Ptesentations The monthly S-IC reliability program status was presented to NSFC on February 19, March 18, aad April 16, 1968. The general outline of these presenWions is as follows: Activities of relihility and ssordinaaon sf b) c) dl e) 0 g) h) committcre; Summarize ECP's initiated, c h w-e d , o r s t o ~ v e d because of reliability activities; -- Summary of ECP1s reviewed by reliability organizations ; Failure reporting and correction action; Human factors; F M ~ E A ' S ,reliability predictions and assessReliability test; P a r t s program activity; j) Materials and processes activity; Boeing selected areas from 65-18 history approach, philosophy; and k) Significant changes in program o r organization. I) Since July 1967, the reliability coordination committee has held bi-monthly meetings to implement corrective actions required to eliminate S-IC reliability deficiencies , all of these actions were completed by December 29, 1967, Two NASA/Boeing meetings concerning reliability program deficiencies and planned corrective actions were held August 91, 1967 and September 5, 1967. These meetings presented The Boeing Company's positiotl and planning to implement an effective S-IC reliability program, Another meeting was held on December 7, 1967 to report the status of the 6-IC reliability program and discuss associabd prablems. Growth of Assessed Reliability for S-IC Figure 2-22 depicts the growth of assessed reliability for the S-IC stage. MANUFACTURING DEVELOPMENT The Manufacturing Development organization, a part of the Boeing/Michoud Operations organization, supports manufacturing in all areas necessary for the production of S-IC stages. This organization works closely with Engineering Design and other technological groups, and maintains constant surveillance on new trends in materials, design, and techniques that a r e applicAle to the Boeing/Michoud S-IC program. WELD DEVELOPMENT TANK SKtN TEE STIFFENER CRACKS At Michoud Engineering's request, a weld repair program war, devised to repair tee stiffener web cracks. Since minimum heating in skin membrane was desired, the following heat sink methods were employed on simulated repair weld panels: copper chill blocks were placed adjacent to the manual 'i'ungstenInert G a s (TIG) repair on ofie side of the skin membrane, and dry ice was held in place on the opposite side of the skin membrane. As a result, heat-affected membrane areas of the simu-. lated repair weld did not exceed 300°F, and this repair procedure was adopted in lieu of riveted doublers for future tee stiffener crack repairs. 6UX DUCT LINE MODIFICATION Figure 2-22 54 Growth of Assessed Reliability1-S-IC Stage Manufacturing Development was requested by Michoud Engineeriag to assist in high priority prototype weld fabrication of an S-IC GOX line duct. This work bvolved manual ETA (Gas TungsWben Arc) D5-12601-5 �1 I welding of A-286 alloy with Hasteltoy W filler wire DIAPHRAGM TEST HARDWARE ' and was initiated after reliability tests [static pressure plus induced vibratory stress) resdted in fillet weld failures. Engineering redesigned the COX duct line by deleting four fillet welded gussets qnd replacing them with an attachment flange with 400 p r c e n t penetration single ves weld joints, yabrlcatfon of needed weld tooling and establishment of welding sequence was then undertaken by Manufacturing Development. Upon completion of this redesign, reliability testing established acceptability of the redesigned assembly, As a part of Boeingls company-sponsored activities at Michoud, two flat bulkhead tank assemblies were completed this year in support of Boeing/Nmtsville Engineering. Fabrication of these tanks was part of a program initiated by Huntsville to determine. the feasibility of replacing forward S-IC bulkheads with flat diaphragm bulkheads. MACHINING AND FORMING SATURN S-rC REPAIR WELD HISTORY ELECTROMAONETIC C Q ~ LREPOTTING AND MANUFACTURING FACILITY ESTABLISHMENT STUDY Repair welding a t Miehoud is monitored by the Manufacturing Development organization. Records of repair weld frequency include the S-IC-15 stage. Figure 2-23 is a data plot, which includes 1968 repair weld frequency. Accumulative percentage of required repair welde through March 1968 was 0.605 percent, This compares favorably with the March 1967 average of 0.614 percent, During the reporting period, a repotting procedure, including tooling, was established for repairing o r buklding new 4-1/2-inch diameter electromagnetic coils that a r e used with the high-energy capacitor discharge unit to correct contour distortions on the S-KC. Damage occurs to these coils when part of the polyurethane potting compound separates from the coil or when a dielectric breakdown of the pot- I AlRS/100" OF WELD) Figure 2-23 D5-12601-5 S-IC Repait Weld Frequency 55 �1. ting occurs. f n thc past, dnmaged forming coils wcrc sent lo itnother fscility to be repairad. This usuaily took rtbaitt three months. I t is now possible to repair a rlamnged coii at X-lichoud in five days. It is also possible to produce new coils to alleviate tkc pmscnt shortnge and to evaluate coil efficiency for various dcslgns, close tolerance requirements, an orbital fIaring concept developed by NASAfMSFC was evaluated. This concept, which utilized a cone and die cartridge assembly may alleviate the misalignment problem encountered with the conventional Leonard 3CP machines. Its use will possibly enable certification of only one machine oapable of ueing varying tube sizes. STRESS RELIEF WITH VlBRELlEF MACHINE CHEMtCAL PROCESSES An evaluation was made of sonic vibration for s t r e s s relieving metal parts warped by machining, welding, o r hcnt treating, This was done to find a method for expediting the flattening of base heat-shield panels warped during test firing of the S-IC-4 stage s o that these panels could be used on the S-IC-8. T e s t s conducted using a Vibrelief machine manufnctured by Lodding Engineering Corporation were unsuccessful; therefore, sonic vibration for s t r e s s rclicving metal parts of the S J C vehicle i s not considered practical a t this time. Further research on this method i s necessary to expand its potential for future production use. IFFU US ION BONDING CAPABILITIES AT BOElNGlMlCHOUD The growing importance of diffusion bonded assemblies in aerospace applications prompted a study of limitations and capabilities within the Boeing/ Michoud facility. One of the objectives of this study is the development of a sub-scale facility in which various concepts relative to the production of a true diffusion bonded assembly may be evaluated. Successful solid-state diffusion bonding of Ti-6A1-4V (titanium alloy) to itself has been achieved with little difficulty. Solid-state bonding of 6061 aluminum to itself has also been achieved with the use of a copper interleaf. Efforts a r e continuing to diffusion bond aluminum to itself without the use of an interleaf. As a part of this effort, an evaluation is being made of a process by which component specimens a r e protected from atmospheric contamination by being totally immersed i n a cleaning solution a t each stage of the cleaning process. While still immersed in the final cleaning solution, the components a r e transferred to a vacuum chamber within the furnace. This chamber, containing the same solution, is then sealed, pumped out, and back-filled with argon. Diffusion bonding then takes place in this argon atmosphere. AIR POlLUTlON CONTROL Many Boeing suppliers are located in Los Angeles County, California, where a i r pollution control regulations have been put into effect. Since there is a trend toward increased legislation regulating permissible contamination, Manufacturing Development is conducting a survey of current control regulations and legislation. Boeing/Seattle has already found it necessary to modify one process specification to meet Los Angeles County requirements. Possible replacement processes for Boeing specifieations that do not meet Los Angeles County air pollution standards a r e being investigated. HIGH TEMPERATURE RESIN FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC FORMING COIL ENCAPSULATION Several materials have been examined for electromagnetic forming coil encapsulation. Criteria for evaluation included high-impact strength, hightemperature stability, and a hardness comparable to cured polyurethane resin, the material that is used to pot coils for ambient use. Representative formulations of the following three different types of material have been selected for further development: a temperature-resistant epoxy resin, a high-. : strength silicone rubber, and a high-temperatureresistant polyaromatic. ' EVALUATION OF ZlNC PAINT COATINGS FOR STEEL TABLES IN VAB A zinc paint coating was applied to one section of a steel turntable in the VAB and was found to resist the corrosion that normally occurs. Plans have been made to apply this coating to the three turntables in the VAB. This will result in a labor Cost savings. . �reinforced with advanced filaments, such as oron, in lieu of normal glass fibers. The result is a high-strength, high-stiffness , low-weight material with major structural applicstiom Fabrication data and experience on a laboratory basis is being gained for possible use e stages bepond the S-XC-5. Tensile and flexural test p-la of boron filaments in an epoxy matrix have been fabricated and tested, and continued evaluation is planned for combined boron filament/gtass cornpoaites where advantage can be taken of the high strength of boron filaments and the low c w t of QbaOnen, . ELECTRICAVELECTRONICS SHEET M PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS During this reporting period a product analysis function was established in the source control group. As a result, undesirable trends, potential problem areas, and deficiencies, can now be detected by review and evaluation of Equipment Quality Analysis ( E W )reports, Unplanned Event Records (UER1s), fdlus%/defecl data, receiving fmpe~Woa~ ( I ~ o F E B I , laboratory reports, and other pertinent data, and action as necessary will be initiated to correct the same. E MOLDS FOR ELECTRICAL CABLES During the reporting period, a technique was devefoped for polyethylene molds to be produced for use in electrical cable production. A .O4-inch thick polyethylene molding materid i s used since it is semi-transparent, semi-ridged , i s eaaily trimmed, and requires no mold release. The molds axe made on a commercial RAY-VAC vacuum-form machine, which has a 24 by 24-inch capacity. The sheet polyethylene, while hot, is formed over a die by pulling a vacuum under the mandrel. Significant savings can be realized by using sheet plastic molds since they can be reproduced at the rate of one per minute on the RAY -VAC machine. IMPROVED MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES During FY 1968, Boeing/Michoud worked with tool eupaliesa ts d w e I ~ pa z q y inapx~vedmmubacW= imVB be@n komqusB * T h s ~ ewahalmB@ "*d in Boeing Operations experience retention documents dealing with the following subjects: a) b) c) d) QUALITY ASSURANCE "Portable and Perishable Tools;" "Cryogenic Hardware Processing;" "Machine Shop Modernization;" and "Weld Fabrication of Large 22 19 Aluminum S-IC Booster Components. " In relation to the above mentioned improved mamifacturing techniques, Boeing/Michoud developed a presentation that points out how American industxy as a whole has benefited from the improved techniques developed. This presentation was made to the Subcommittee on NASA Oversight, Committee on Science and Astronautics, U, S, House of Representatives, and t o key personnel a%MSFC, A mechanized priority system was implemented in the mechanized procurement system during FY 1968. The receiving inspection daily status report now displays status and estimated completion dates for each priority item. A new "Work Plan" format for source surveillance and inspection has been completed. A source coordinator visited all field locations for the purpose of conducting an indoctrination course of the new plan. NASA representatives in the receiving inspection area audited the receival of gases during the month of Aunust 1961. Recommended actions were made to re&e that each receipt be chemically tested for all attributes of the procurement specification or have the vendor supply certified test data. Purchase orders were changed to require that certified test data be furnished with each receipt. A revbed system far planning inspections of government haisbed equipment has been put intoeffect. A detailed inspection record repIaced the previous "blanket" planning. A receiving inspection/source control work plan has been developed that provides for unified and coordinated inspection effort from release of purchase order until delivery of hardware to the production store. A review of the piece part inspection plans and failure rejection history was conducted during the fiscal year. The aim of this review was to reduce inspection when possible to do so without compromising the quality of the end product. The end result of this review was that inspection wa8 reduced �on certain parts, tncrcascd on some, and remained the s m e on others. d) Eddy current inspection for detecting surface cracks in steel spherical bearings and housings; The computerized Q&RA configuration accountability system was implemented during the redelivery of 5-IC-3 and was proven to be fully operatiannf d u r l a the rodellvery of tb 8-IC-4, This system i s a s e r i e s of interrelated comptiter programs that mechanize the configuration evaluation and accounting systems. I t will be implemented a t KSC for 5-16 -4 and on. e) Eddy current technique for detecting surface cracks in nonmetallic ablative coating; ft A system to provide visual and audible alarm at a remote location of the presence of a fuel leak; gj A system with an automatic tube feed that inspects lengths of aluminum tubing for rejectable surface defects with a visual and audible MT;P Q&TZA wnca reorgarixzed during FY 1988 to form a Qualitaf Engineering support section in addition to the existing test inspection and configuration accountability s e c t i o h , This reorganization provides overall quality program coverage for the MTF portion of the S-IC program. MTF Q&RA initiated the development of a computerized t'ab run system which provides an automatic recap system for all tests, a daily status report, and a work scheduling report. The tab run is a daily updated listing of all open, planned and unplanned, paper listed by location, milestone, and test event prerequisites. This system has resulted in an estimated savings of $84,000 annually at MTF darm; h) A new method of preparing mounts of titanium fasteners has been developed and implemented. The new method provides for mounting the fasteners in full section and then surface grinding, instead of splitting, on the cutoff machine. This provides a much superior specimen, with no cutting burns, which was very difficult to obtain previously; and i) A new test fixture was developed in the physical test laboratory to do torque and tensile tests on nut plates and other self-locking fasteners. The fixture reduces setup time and improves testing capabilities. . A facilities inspection plan was established by MTF Q&RA for inspection of preventive maintenance accomplished on all critical systems where &&RA is required to control functional configuration o r cleanliness level. Planning for 4 1 facilities work is being reviewed by Q&RA for quality requirements. The MTF &&RA organization also initiated a program of periodic inspection and preventive maintenance of government furnished property not formerly included in the preventive maintenance program. The development of nondestructive testing techniques is continuing. At the present time, the following techniques a r e under investigation and development: a) Crack detection in drilled holes - objective is to develop an ultrasonic technique and portable instrument to rapidly detect cracks in the sides of drilled holes with ultrasonic surface waves; b) Comparison of nondestructive test methods for weld inspection objective to compare the capabilities of visual, X-ray, eddy current, and ultrasonics to detect defects in welds using actual defects a s determined by destructive inspection as the standard; c) Soldering capability of printed circuit (PC) board objective is to develop an eddy current technique and instrument to determine the capabiuty of PC boards to produce an accept- TECWMMUES The development and documentation of nondestructive testing techniques continued during the reporting period. Techniques developed that further enhance our ability to verify the integrity of S-IC components are: a) Eddy current thickness measurement of nonmetallic coating; b) Ultrasonle mtrmuretment of metal Chicknesa from one side ; 6) 58 Eddy current techniques for identifying 3-nuts of different tempers; - - able @olderosmction; d) - Surface roughness measurements objective to develop an eddy current technique and portable instrument to rapidly measure surface roughness of machined surfaces; D5-1260 1-5 �- propagation dekction objective to p an ultrasonic technique (acoustic emission) to detect the propagation of cracks metals. Particularly directed toward longm stress corrosion crack generation in red structures; I - f) Weld penetratiqn monitoring objective to develop an infrared technique that measured the depth of weld penetration during welding process; g) Pene-trmt capabilities objecttve to compare the capabilities of selected penetrants to detect surface cracks in metal; and h) Ultrasonic hand scanner objective to evaluate the performance and capabilities of an ultrasonic system utilizing a portable hand scanner for spot weld inspection and other selected applications. - c) LABORATORY INSPECTION PROCEOURES The basic technical document for Factory Operatiomfiest Inspection, D5-11982, "Special Inspection Procedures" is continually being updated and expanded as necessary to reflect changes in hardware. The basic technique document for Factory Operations/'Test Inspection, D5-11997, "Quality Technical Instruction'', is also being updated and expanded as necessary to reflect the adoption of new techniques as they are developed. "Sampling Procedures for Fluids and Gases", Document D5-13666, is being rewritten to establish guidelines for all gas and fluid systems at MTF. This rewrite develops the criteria for systems sampling rather than components sampling and provides a single source for fluid cleanliness control. The end result will be the development of a composite Document D5-12855, "Cleaning, Testing and Handling of Oxygen, Fuel and Pneumatic Components", which will include the requirements and control methods to be applied to stage and support facility s y s t e m . Set up criteria for accepted certified vendor test data in lieu of in-house functional testing; b) Assure compliance to all safety standards during LOX compatibiZity testing of materials; and D5-126060-5 An additional portable magnetic particle tester ww reaeived and cer#fied for reaeivfnyr inspeation nondestructive testing; 6) Two new particle identification kits were received by the quality evaluation laboratories. These kits contain slides of identified contaminants that will aid in the identification of unknown contaminants found in clean environments or on cleaned parts; c) Two 23 by 70 inch "Mylar Flol' laminar flow benches were received and installed for contamination control and receiving inspection, These benches greatly increase the capabilities of both areas by providing a clean environment for inspecting larger clean parts and a second area for performing particulate contamination analysis; d) Receiving inspection acquired five additional 10-power lighted inspection glasses to aid in inspection of electrical circuits and other small electrical parts; e) The metallurgical laboratory received a set of eight electrical conductivity standards ranging from 1.0 percent to 101.2 percent, International Association of Copper Standards (IACS) to be used for the verification of heat treatment of alloy by eddy current method; f) Receiving inspection has received a Model PT-1033-8 Product-0-Ron for precision measurement of roundness and geometrical relationship. This instrument records measurements on recording discs to an accuracy of -+ 0.0000025"; and g) A portable vacuum tweezer system unit was received by the quality evaluation laboratories, This unit will enable personnel to collect and separate particles greater than .05" and, when wed with the Swinny Hypodermic Adapter, to Procedures have also been developed during the fiscal year tb: a) - TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT Following is a partial listing of tools and equipment that have been obtained and put into use during the reporting period: a) - Provide a method of obtaining and m a i n t a i n t ~ a record of corrective actions taken by suppliers on discrepant hardware. 59 �$ - collect particles lcss than ,OB" on 13mm dinnteter filters for conLmination and spectron acopic ,malysfs;i. a U A t l f V ASSURANCE ACTIVITIES QUALITY ENGlNEERlNG RNIWS - During the fiscnl year, quality engineering reviewed 75 engineering drawings, 330 engineering orders, 52 supplier acceptance test procedures, 330 supplier cleaninz tiocuments, and 110 company specifications for compli,ancc with the requirements of EN-I-V-S-IC68-13. Thcy nlso participated in six critical design INPLANT AUDITS SPECIAL AUDITS SUPPLIER AUDITS Figure 2-24 reviewe for supplier furnished bardware. QUACITY AUDITS Figure 2-24 denotes the quality program audits performed during F Y 1968. A total of 55 audits were made, sixteen of these were inplant, 13 were in special categories, and the remaining 26 were audits of Boeing suppliers. Audits performed resulted in a total of 467 discrepancies. The 26 audits of Boeing suppliers resulted in the identification of 54 system and hardware discrepancies. The not& ddlscrepanciee have been resolved, o r a r e in work at this time, �i SOURCE EVALUATION AND SURVEILLANCE The Michoud source control chart room has been expanded into an effective supplier performance and hardware problem analysis function. Supplier performance review charts are maintained that reflect both satisfactory and unsatisf acbry supplier performances, This technique provides source control management with the aides necessary to assess manpower requirements and placement, arrd permits a decrease in source control surveillance of suppliers with coqtinuoue satisfactory performance and a concmtration of carrective effort on those suppliers with current hardware or system deficiencies, Nonconformance data is analyzed, categorized, and displayed in the source control chart room in such a manner that impact problems and discrepancy trends a r e reedily recognized. This visibility provides a means of initiating timely corrective action of noted deficiencies, meaningful assessment of representative's performance, and effective product improvement. Product nonconformances are classified into one of four categories; critical hardware failures, noncritical hardware failures, critical hardware defects, and noncritical hardware defects, The number of nonconformances allowed to accumulate against a supplier before initiating positive remedial acffon depends upon the classification of the deficiemy as follows: Category f - Category II I Category ItI - Category IV - Critical Hardware Failure One Unit - Noncritical Hardware Failure Two Units Critical Hardware Defects Two Units - - Noncritical Hardware Defects Three Units - When supplier performance review charts indicate that a supplier is deficient in one o r more of the above categories, a product analysis report is generated. This report, which describes the deficiency in detail, is then forwarded to the cognizant source representative and a date by which the representative must ensure that the supplier has taken appro~ r i a t ecorrective and nonrecurrence actions is established. When analysis of a hardware deficiency indicates that previously delivered hardware and/or hardware currently in production c d d be affected by the same anomaly, the cugnfzmt representative fe - immediately notified by telephone. The problem is discussed and a decision made relative to withholding acceptance of hardware at the supplier's facility until the problem is resolved. When deficiencies in a product are considered to be of sufficient magnitude to withhold shipment, all affected inhouse materiel and quality control personnel are notified. This notification includes a description of the deficiency and the justification for withholding acceptance, Upon resolution of the reported deficiency, the representative is required to return the product analysis report, containing a complete description of the correotive action taken, to the Source Control offkre, The stated corrective actton is reviewed for adequacy and, if acceptable, retained by the supplier performance review group for future reference. Thh continual evaluation of supplier performance assures the delivery of high-quality products and provides the necessary management tools for maximum source control effectiveness. The practice of periodically performing in-depth hardware analyses and quality and process control systems reviews at selected supplier facilities has been formalized under Change Order MTCH-728, "Quality Maintenance Program. The purpose of the Quality Maintenance Program is to provide additional confidence that existing hardware will perform as intended and/or qualified, emphasizing critical hardware and hardware with no apparent problems. (A more complete description of the Quality Maintenance Program can be found on page 63 of this document.) A document has been released defining Quality Maintenance Program requirements, selected suppliers, and the tentative schedule for review. As now constituted, source control is responsible for constructing all review plans, scheduling and coordinating review team activities, providing team captains, and assuring that suppliers correct all noted deficiencies. Suppliers selected for review under the Quality Maintenance Program will be reviewed annually throughout the life of their contracts. The process control function has been realigned, Work plan surveillance is now being maintained at processors in the Southeastern area, The surveillance schedule provides for a minimum of two visits annually to each processor. All process survey and surveiIlance activity is now being handled through the Michoud source control office. RECEIVING INSPECTKIN The Xichoud receiving inspection group inspected and processed 32,539 lots during FY 1968, , I �QUALiN NALUATION LABORATORIES During 1988 mnjor investigations were conducted by the quality evaluation I,&oratories, Some of these investigations were: a) b) c) 62 An Pnvosttgntion of the possibility of corrosion of thc Saturn V fuel tank by microbial cont.unination found in RP-l fuel in February 1967 has k e n completed, No visual evidence of pitting o r any form of corrosion were noted on iridito test $-tripsof 2219 and 7075 dumfnurn aoys, Failure analysis of a cracked nut submitted to the quality cvduation laboratory by KSC d e t e r mined the failure to be due to s t r e s s corrosion crnektng. Thc basic material of the nut is 303 stainless steel. Intergranular corrosion was evident. Susccptibility to such a t h c k is attributed to excessive c ~ r b i d eprecipitate at the grnin boundaries. Carbon combines with chromium in the steel and may precipitate out a s chromium carbide at the grain boundaries during This and in s o doing i t depleted the chromium in the areas the and hence made the susceptible to intergranular attack, as chromium i s the main element for resistance to corrosion. A 300 s e r i e s alloy, such a s 304L o r 316L, with much lower carbon content that 308 has been discovered to be much l e s s susceptible to a t t s k , Periodic cracking when flaring 1/4 by .035 inch wall 606 1-T6 aluminum tubing has been a manufacturing problem for Some time. Nearly all such tubing has been procured from Alcoa to MIL-T7081 specification. Laboratory testing of this tubing has found it to meet the mechanical property and chemical requirements of the procurement specification. Flaring is done to MS33584 drawing, From considerable testing and examining done, regarding this problem, it is apparent that optimum conditions must exist in the tubing (including ideal chemical composition) before it can be consistently flared in the T6 condition. Very sIight discontinuities readily become crack initiators, Flaring tests on a sample of recently received similar tubing manufactured by Reynolds found it to flare acceptable. Comparison tests with Alcoa smples showed some difference in chemical composition, though both manufacturers were within specification requirements. Magnesium, f o r example, was 1.2 pex%f'cent irt the Reynolds tubing and 0.86 percent in Alcoa. Mechanical properties were determined to be essentially the same. General surface condition, though different (mottled on Reynolds and smooth on Alcoa) is not believed to be directly accountable for success or failure in flaring. Further testing is being done but at the present time it appears that chemical composition is a key factor in the resolution of the problem. PRODUCTION INSPECTION Ikicrementd in-process inspection co-hcidont d t h the build-up of the S-IC stage is continuing. The Quality and Reliability organization is providing support to Engineering for qualification t e s t i q , reliability testing and development testing. DUALITY ASSURANCE ACTIVITIES (MTF) Duality Engineering Review During F Y 1968, quality engineering reviewed 160 facility maintenance instructions, 39 acceptance test procedures, document D5-11789-100 test procedures, Bnd all inshplctionso The used were conformance to the end item test plan and IN-IY-S-1C-65- 13 requirements, and the incorporation of prerequisites, correct sequence, and safety requirements, Configuration Accountability The MTF GSE/MSE configuration definition was established by comparing the engineering "asdesigned" and the "as-built" configuration, This configuration assessment establishes the baseline necessary to support the development of modification programs. The "as-built1' configuration was used extensively in the review and development of the planned modifications to incorporate the engineering change proposals required to update the S-IC pneumatic console. S-IC-4 and -5 analysis data showed that Systems A Dynisco Pressure Transducers in use had a high failure rate. Investigation showed that, when the transducers were first received, they were discovered to have an unstable zero. The 150 transducers were returned to the vendor, where some of the potting was removed to allow the compensating network to be rebalanced. fnspection of the failed transducer also showed that the unsupported bridge compensating coil had failed due to metat fatigue. A substitate type of p r e s w r e traasducer was obtained and put in use, . D5-12601-5 �- --. [JRANCE A WIwa. WAC& AANCE The objcctive of the Product Performance Assurance function a t Michoud is to provide incrcwcd confidcnoe and assurance to both Boeing Management and NASA that activities critical to the mission o r program a r e ntified , planned, and accomplished. The organizarts directly to the Boeing Michoud Manager and im in discharG-ing his obligations for $uccessstags nigh*, ft is raspomible for monitoring. and assessing the adequacy of technical disciplines throughout design, production and test, and the integratfon of these disciplines to ensure total product integrity and st'age flight readiness, with supporting data. During FY 1968, Product Performance Assurance activlties were characterized by a continuation of a riskassessment approach and the promotion of techniques to strengthen disciplines to minimize o r eliminate identified risks. Particular emphasis was placed on greater focal-point administration of the three closely related disciplines of system safety, reliability, and quality assurance to provide for increased task selectivity within and among these three disciplines and the implcmenhtion of selected tasks in order of assurance effectiveness. STAGE FLIGHT READINESS ASSESSMENTS The final AS-501 formal flight readiness assessment of the S-IC-1 stage was conducted during the Apollo Program ~ i r e c t o r ' ; Flight Readiness Review on October 19, 1967. The MSFC Saturn V Program Manager's Pre-Flight Review (PMPFR) for the S-IC-2 stage portion of the AS-502 vehicle was held on January 16, 1968. This review was preceded by a similar review at the IHSFC Stage Manager's level on January 9, 1968. The PMPFR presentation consisted of an overall stage contractor and stage manager's assessment, plus a ~ystem-by-system review of the stage and its peculiar GSE. The final flight readiness assessment of the S-IC-2 stage was conducted during the Apollo Program Director's Flight Readiness Review on March 11, 1968. On April 4, 1968, the S-IC-2 stage was flown successfully. However, the second and third stages experienced some engine difficulties during the flight necessitating certain changes to the AS-502 mission profile. D5-12601-5 Both the AS-501 and AS-502 were unmanned flights. In the last quarter of FY 1968, NASA designated the AS-503 (s-IC-3 stage) as the first manned flight, Assessments of S-IC stage flight readiness ( a Product Assurance activity) a r e supported and validated through reviews by the Boeing Performance Board and Launch Readiness Board (see page 71, which consists of top management representatives from all Boeing/Saturn Programs. The Manager of Product Performance Assurance serves a s Secretary of the Performance Board. RISK APPRAISAL CYCLE Work continued during the reporting period on assuring the technical and performance integrity of the S-IC stage by strengthening the means fox timely identification of problem sources and dispositions, known a s the risk appraisal cycle, Figure 2-25 illustrates the sources of problems and screening processes used to arrive at whether there is any r i s k to the solution and if s o , is the r i s k acceptable for the next launch o r does further action have to be taken before the next launch. This activity is the cornerstone for arriving at stage flight readiness assessments a s discussed above. QUALITY MAINTENANCE ASSURANCE In February 1.967, ~oeing/Michoudinitiated a program to further assure the quality of vendor hardware, with primary emphasis on that hardware where failure could cause loss of crew or stage (reliability critical hardware) . During FY 1968, this activity was expanded under Change Order MICH-544 issued in July 1967 and Change Order MICH-723 issued in March 1968. The major areas constituting this program are: a) Michoud management team motivation visits to vendors to re-emphasize the significance of their hardware in successful Saturn V launches; b) In-depth audit of documentation associated with the engineering and procurement cycle for reliability critical hardware; c) Physical identification of hardware (and associated documentation) as reliability critical to highlight its unique stature in the function of the stage o r GSE ; 63 �SOURCES AND D l SPOSTION OF PROBLEMS RISK APPRAISAL CYCE 1 O P E N WORK L R B - ACTION BEFORE NEXT LAUNCH ACTION - - Z . POTCNTIAL TECHNICAL CONCLRN 1 + "TOP TEN" I ASSURANCE A R E A S O F CONCERN I I EVIEW A N D ASSESSMENT POlNfS AFTER P E R F O R M A N C E BOARD LRB Figure 2-25 S-tC Risk Appraisal Cycle d) Hardware review at vendors for such disciplines a s receiving inspection, processing methods, and quality control standards; e) Quality hardware analysis of vendor hardware consisting of both destructive and non-destructive testing; and f) Design confidence tests consisting of selected testing modes to augment and reinforce the qudification test program. Considerable progress was made during this fiscal year in accomplishing these objectives which are time phased for completion by the end of 1970. Results to date are contributing to increased confidence in total product integrity. Figure 2-26 is illustrative of the visibility given to this effort in the ~oefn&tXIZichoud Program Control Center. I #FAILURE A N D CORRECTIVE ACTION PROGRAM Continued emphasis was given to the area of hardware failures to further improve the disciplines involved in identifying, evaluating, tracking, and closing out such failures on a timely basis. A closed-loop system was established between Michoud and Boeing Atlantic Test C enter to provide for "real-time" visibility on failures. Also, a Failure Review and Assessment Board was created to review, assess, and dispose of W s e failures impacting the next launch. This board is composed of representatives from Engineering and Product Performance Assurance. SYSTEM OPERATION A N D S A F E N ASSURANCE An 5-IC Integrated Safety Program was established in October of 1967 under the administration of Product I �Figure 2-27 Figure 2-26 5-IC Organizational Safety Relationship Quality Maintenance Program PesEormfmaa Aaeurace, TMhfr pragrrun 18 respamiw to Boeing Corporate Policies and NASA requirements, The nwel aspect of t h i s program is that it combines and integrates the heretofore separate industrial and system safety into one safety plan and calls for organizational ancillary plans responsive to this master plan. Product Performance Assurance controls and maintains the master plan, approves the ancillary plans to ensure total safety integration and compatibility, chair the S-IC Safety Board consisting of organizational representatives and provides program direction as recorn mended by the Board. This arrangement provides for a single safety focal point for increased management control and improved visibility of safety performance versus assigned tasks. Figure 2-27 illustrates the organizational safety relationships including the composition of the S-fC Safety Board while Figure 2-28 depicts the controlling safety documentation for this integrated safety program. The S-IC Safety Board is chartered as a management working group to provide the means by which the combined attention of all organizations can be directed toward assuring safety excellence in the S-IC program. The Board meets on a regular basis and provides sui effective tool for the integration of organizational acb tivities relating to hazard tdentification m d control, Visibility on these activities is m-d in the Boeing/Michoud Program Control Center, Figure 2-28 Integrated Safety Program Controlling Documentation The line control safety effort is recognized as a continuing vital element in the master safety plan as is the Line Control Safety Council of line safety directors. This Council, as an adjunct to the S-IC Safety Board, continues to specifically assist line supervision assigned to production, test, and laboratory operations in carrying out their line control responsibilities. PRE-OPERATIONAL SAFETY REVIEW During F Y 1968, a pre-operational system safety review of the S-K-1 and -2 was held at KSC to provide for increersed safety assurance. This was carried �out aa part of a total system safety review of the AS561 aad 4 0 2 under Program Directives 44 and 44%. The purpose of these directives, as they relate to BoeIng Schedule I, is: a) - b, 44 - Provide correlation of the S-IC-1 configuration baseline and m a w e #at the 84G-1 launch vehicle, design, hardware, test specifications and criteria, software, and test procedures were consistent and compatible. '* - ments within Schedule I design'yetern 'lea and/or glosurance respansibiljtty are technfc* accurate, adequate, consistent, and cornn patible for AS-502 and -503, GSE, and KSC facilities. MSFC SYSTEM SAFETY NETWORK NEW T E CHN ()LOGY During 1968, a total of 54 New Technology disclosures were reported from Schedule I. One such item, which should have broad appeal, is a technique for makiw view graphs very quickly from expendable printsd matter, such a s magazines. The resulting transparancies mW be either in Or and white* , DELIVERABLE DATA Data submitted during PY 2868, in oompliance with the requirements of Contrwt NAS8-5608 (Schedules I & IA), are included in Append& D. Delivery of these items was in accordance with requirements wt forth in Document IN-I-VS-IC-67-10, "5-IC Progpaaa Deliverable Data. l1 TECHNICAL SUPPORT DATA . ��SUMMARY Facilities improvement activities at Michoitd during the fiscal year were concerned with fmprovcment of Boeiw/Alichoud production and fnbricntion capabilities. A s R pnpt of this program, flve numerically controlled machines nwre iwtalled and checked-out. Rearrnngoment and removal of outmoded machinery is also being accomplished. certain stores areas in the factory building, Boeing's activation tasks at the Miesissippi Test Facility were completed during F Y 1867. The formal letter acknowledging completion of the required tasks by The Boeing Company, was received from NASA on April 18, 1,968. �tion of certain areas nnci a reduction of space required for other functions. The installation of a new GOO0 psi CN2 gas header line In the high pressure test facility was completed during tho third quarter of FY 1968. Also, a request for additibnnl paving at the high pressure test facility was submitted and approved a s a NASA in-house responsibi1it-y. Thn l ~ c wpaving should be completed early in F Y 1969. SUPPORT AND GENERAL P U N T ROCKETDYNE FACILITIES MODIFICATIONS Modifications to the Rocketdyne area of the manufacturing builcting ware accomplished during March 1968. These modifications, which were requested by NASA, consisted of providing an office area and additional clean room capability, upgrading the helium supply, and completing other modifications which provided Rocketdyne with a complete working operation. Also in March 1968, at request, all thermal iwulation b f a n w s were transferred to RockeMyne for fication prior to shipment to KSC, Rocketdyne was also assigned 23,000 square feet of storage space on the south mezzanine to provide the space necessary to store and modify the insulation blankets. for additional equipment and the increasing need for better utilization of ow: existing equipment. It is estimated that there will be over 10,000 general-purpose type items that will be controlled and issued through the centralized store. During the pnst year, a rebuild shop, which allows BoeingJMichoud to rehabilitate machines that would otherwise require outside support, was established. OFFICE Significant progress toward reducing coets on the Saturn program was made during the fourth quarter of FY 1968 by consolidating office space. Plans are to deactivate, in early FY 1969, the entire southeast wing, first floor, of the Office and Engineering Building (No. 350). This will result in a considerable reduction in operations and maintenance costs over the ensuing years. TRAFFIC The Facilities organization, in conj~nctionwith the NASA-Michoud Traffic Safety Board, alleviated a large number of internal safety and traffic problems b.Y installing caution signs at dangerous intersections, adding additional speed limit signs and roadway markings, rerouting traffic and rearranging parking spaces in the parking lots. UTlLlZATlON FACILITIES FOR EQUIPMENT A utifization system for equipment was completed in November 1967 and it will be implemented a s soon as the switchover to third-generation computers is complete. This is an electronic system that monitors utilization of equipment items, such as machine tools and related production suppart equipment. Utilization is defined in terms of equipment run time, time under load, downtime and maintenance time, and is measured and recorded in actual hours on a real-time basis. The system is completely automatic from point of origin to actual recording, and can monitor up to 1000 pieces of equipment. All monitored equipment is connected to a central recording console via hardwire, and utilization of each equipment item is recorded on a machine processible format for computer input. MICHOUD FABRlCATlON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES " - GENERAL R A N T - The Facilities organization has implemented a centralized store concept that incorporates all general-purpose type test and production equipment. This plan was hplemented in view of the decreasing avairabilie of funds 72 STAGE STORAGE Early inFY 1968, it was recognized that there was not sufficient storage area for S-IC stages atMichoud. This inadequacy became a reality when revisions occurred in the transfer and transportation schedules of stages from Michoud to KSC At this time, Facilities planning prepared several proposals and a recommendation to solve this problem. The stage storage plan was presented, accepted, and approved byNASA. To implement the plan, it was necessary to relocate the specimen preparation area and major painting facility, and to double-deck certain stores areas within the plant. . Supplemental Agreement MICE-596 was received in August approving the storage plan. As a result , 14,000 square feet of double-decking was confitructed for storage space (8000 square feet in the factory building and 6000 square feet in the vehicle ' component supply building). Positions 1 and 3 were completed on schedule and supported the revised delivery schedule. Position 2 became available inApril 1968, Alf effort connected withthis project was completed in June 1968, when the floor and ramp repairs were completed. D5-12601-5 �AUGMENTATION, MODERNIZATION, REHAEffLITATIOM A N D REBUILD PROGRAM Approved F Y f 967 funds (Contract NAS8-5606(F)) for modification, replacement, and rehabifitation amounted to $1,895,195, Thesc funds have either been oomc rnitted o r a r e in the processof beingcommitted. During F Y 1968 5930,000 worth of funds were approved f o r Contract NASB-5606(F). b, ' i ' MISSISSIPPI TEST FACILITY P a s t annual progress reports have concentrated on the facilitfes activation &%sirsat MTF During FY 1967, The Boeing Company's facilities activation tasks a t MTF were completed. The letter certifying cornpletion of activation at MTF was submitted to the NAW/MTF Contracts representative for concurpence on January 24, 1968. The letter of completion, recognizing concurrence on the part of The Boeing Company, was reccived by Boeing on April 18, 1968. . S-1C-5 STATIC FlRtNG ACTIVITY The S-IC-5 was installed in the S-IC test stand at MTF on June 29, 1967 (Figure 3-2). Stage electrical connections were completed on July 12, and on July 13, 1967, power was applied. Propellant load tests were eompleted by August 9, 1967, and the stage was successfully static fired for 125.096 seconds a t 6: 14 p.m. , August 25, 1967 (Figure 3-31, The S-IC-5 stage was removed from the static test stand on September If, 1967 (Figure 3-41, and returned to Michoud at approximately noon the following day. Figure 3-4 S-IC-5 Being PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND RESOLVED DURING S' S-IC-5 STATIC FIRING ACTIVITY Figure. 3-2 D5-12601-6 S-IC-5 in Test Stand Thrust Vector Control (TVC) system checkout began July 21, 1967. During checkout, two Hydraulic Research servoactuators were found to be defective. They were returned to the vendor for failure analysis and replaced with serviceable items. TVC system oheelrout was completed August 4, 1967. 73 �XPP-1 tanMag commenced J d y 25, 1567, After tanlciw ha& reached ?O wrcent fill level a shtdrlown ww called due ttz Chc collapse of a fucI emergency drain duct (Ffntra 3-51. An hZTF investigutinb. committee was In~media'delyfosmezl to determine the cause of thLq ini~fcfonk. Spocblad test rbcju$remon~WOFQ orntlhed ts dewmine the recirculation flow m d pressuse charactcristics of the facility fueling system, These tests WCP'C co~niJuctedan J u l y ZF, 1967, and sufficient negative preusttrss were encountered within tire system to have a a u ~ s dthe duet t o coifapse (a ctoscriptiou of the cmses ol Chis oollgf,'se w e @apage 45), dHI a l g a lp~owlXsmt t e s b were 8usprenete-d pending a review and evaluation by the Branch investigation t e r n wNeh was held July 27, XOG7, The facility fael emergency drain duct sysQ S ~ ~ k &$ubst"que~tly q modified a d rehrued to operatSoaal eodi~w;llsatiotl, F i n d Branch investigation t e r n recommenrfations for revising LOX loadp r ~ c d u f e swere complied with prior lo pyaload bstts, which were completed on 4rernreb a re=- ,high pressurr?a, therefore , on August 5 , 1967, i t was removed and replaced. During preparation for the S-IC-5 static firing engine servoactuators were changed out f.4 times because of le&ge, axereme limit cycling, out of specification ia the lock-off-null position, anci piston rod seat leaks out of tolercmce, ". Duriw static firing of thc S-1C-5, a Z-inch piece of tha tarbinn? h i s t tomperatuse maasr~iwtthsrm~colngle crgehd md brake, off, Eta~XreMyaefowd the pigcs in one of the turbine manifold nozzles of engine position 102. The piece trm removed and the exl@ne returned to o p e r a t i o d corrf~wration,a pressure leak check retest was aaQsfactorily performed oa September 8 , 1967, PLtST-STATIC FIRING ACTiWifY Qn A~tgust31, 1967, a stand-up presentsttion ~vmgiven by B w u g to stuumarize the static firing five-day "Qdck Lmk Repot%," This presenbtiaa revealed that '94 perceat of the System "Ar7measurements recorded during static firing of the S-XC-5 \%re good. A lf Certificates of A ccamplishen~tfor completion of the S-XC-5 acceptance test procedures were rebased by September 26, 1967, 8-iC-B STATIC FIRtsNB PREPARATBOM The S-IC-6 stage was shipped from Mic2loud and mrived at MTF on March 1, 1968. The stage w s then placed in the tata at if test ~ h ondN w e h 4, 1968. Y A req~xisement11y fada&% to rerun s h hfSE a~domatic checkoat procedmes , psiur ~ t a g epower-on, delayed power-on from M u c h 25, 1968 to April 4, 1968. Three of the six MSE ~utomaticcheckout procedwes that NASA reqEEir@dto be rerml cont.talaed errors and were returned to Michoud for correction, Initid power-oa was sxaeeessfully accomplished on April 4 , 1968, a d heat shield installation was ssu@@essfally completed 0x1April 5. i Figure 3-5 Calfapsed S-1C-5 FweO Emergency Drain Duct During the imtallation of a heavy manudl efig2oe aeluator on J d y 35, 1967, tkte No. 1 fuel && pressme duct on e e e 1Q4 m go~ged. Af er the gauge was polished, in accordance with a RockeMyn~disposition, Uzo NoU 1 &el high pressure riuct waas, b e &in to suppor-f; 74 On Agrfl23, 31968, %-IC-Ci s t d i e firingactivity was . suspended n$th the exception of 8utborized modifications, This w m cFo~.loso tllczlt several m d f i c a t i o ~ ~ resulting s from AS-502 Bight iuadysis could b incoa.psrated rtnd teslhd on the 6-IC-6 prior to the decisim to ixlelude them on the 6-EC-3; the prhcipipali changes to be tested a r e V 0 6 8 s@pressioa systems (set? pwe 37). A review of cbmges affecting t h 8-16-6 ~ was conducted with tXne purpose sf "raUing back? dl chmp;es practicable for aecompl1Isbment prior to 8 Inter s&Bo f i r i w sched- ule, 135-12601~-5 i i . , �fncorporatlon of tflc required POGO suppression sys- , tern on tile S-IC-G began on June 14, 196s. Stage power-on was trccon~plishedon June 26, axid static firing of the S-IC-li is scheduled for Auwst 6, 1968, S-IC-D FUEL TANK DRAIN TESTS (ANTI-VORTEX) - dl ;-crrit?xi~gcund'ition was observed during Ij8tl-j segment fuel tank drain tests at Michoud. A vortex formation in the fuel Lank during flight could cause gas ingestfon at tile engine fuel punlp inlets, and could result in engine explosion. Because of a need for Eurther testing, the S-IC-D was installed in the MTF static test stand (Figwe 3-6) and modiffed s o that water drain tests could be conducted to determine i f a vortexing condition existed in the stage fuel tank. Modifications included removal of tlie S-iC-D engine simulators, and Figure 3-7 Plexigiass ~ u c t sInstalled on S-IC-D ing, it was decided to terminate drain tests, and replace S-XC fuel tank anti-vortex assemblies with a~qsembXiesof the same design as those used on S-XC-1 and -2. S-IC PNEUMATiC CONSOLE Figure 3-6 instaliation of S-IC-D in Test Stand installation of necessary monitoring equipment including ten plexigl,ws ducts which were installed on the fuel ducts to allow high-speed photography of bubble ingestion patterns f see Figure 3-7), ~ea;in(: began on December 18, 1967 and was completed on Jaztliazy 27, 1968. During that period of time, a total of 20 tests were cortducted on four different antivortex bdtlea. The basic test consisted of filling the fuel tnnk ~4thwater to the 40 percent level and then cameras located inside record bubble fctrmatio Test data reduction was comple Work continued throughotd FY 1968 to revise the pneumatic console vent and relief circuitry. The original vent and relief circuitry was not designed for a "wide open" reedator failure. If this type of failure was to occux, it would came an over-pressure condition to exist i n the do\riastream piping and could abort a launch. For various reasons, but principally because of the unavailability of parts, the work of modifying the console was sporadic, workarounds were implemented so console modifications would not affect S-IC -6 power-on. GROUND EQUIPMENT TEST SET Because the manual Ground Equipment Test Set (GETS) was designed as a continuity tester with no automatic stage simulation capability, stage sequence tests could not be verified without an S-IC stage. To eliminate the use of an S-XC strage as a test fixture for verifying ground support equipment. operation and for developing t programs, the manual GETS to a super or automatic GETS ion. This modification was begun on Octomd completed November 17, 1967. ckout was completed Novembor 27,1967. 75 �in static firing, was incorporated. The pipe assembly, necessary for the rework activity, was built at Michoud and delivered to M T F on April 26, 1968. The change was functionally complete on May 13, 1968, GSUMSE t ? i t 1 I1 i i I I /: Early in J~inuary1968, General Electric QuLzlity znd HeUabiliW Assurance Engineering reported that comblning Stngefok and Cyrolok tube fittings could cause "a potential hazard to safety, tutd a detriment t;o operatlon," General Electric hnd been issuing the tube fittfngs on tho assumption that the two varieties were interchmgeable in all combinations, A Boeing committee 'K'W appointed to investigate the possibility of any anomalies in the Ground Support Ecluipmenthfanufacturt?rsQuppo~tEquipment (GSE/NISE) installations. An bvcsltgaU.an wa9 conducted as a result of Uloir findings m1d it was determined that no intermiuing of S~tageloMGyroloktube fitting components existed on the S-IC static test stand, cw stated in the oommitteelrr rcport of M u c h 1968. Work was started iti l a b February of 1968 to provide a capability for remote pressurization and venting of the GOX ductsystems, The test fLuture, used to marmally vent the COX ducting system during confidence and leak tenting, presented a s d e t y hazard during confidcnce testting and therefore did not meot personnel safety requirements j f I . The tost fixture was sent to Michoud for re~vurkon February 26, 1968, and a workaround version, borrowed from Michoud, was modified for use a t M T F during the time tile reworked test fixture was at Michoud. a i\iaGficatioxt of the hydraulic terminal equipment to eliminate l e m e and/or functional failure of the pneumrrticdy operated ball valves and ~ s o c f a t e dp n e u m t u ic and electrical controls, which would cause a dolay Work to add rQmoh vQntfW$CWabfliW to gmeow nitrogen (GN2) control pressme s p s b m s was started on March 18, 1968. This ~ v a sdone to eliminate a potellaal Wrsonnel safety hazard by providing remote venting. of trapped high pressure GN2, and to retain sufficient GN2 pressure to allow prevalve closure during flight to ensure mission cornplotion. The change was originally committed to be i n s t d e d at Michoud prior to stage shipment to M T F but, because of the late delivery 6f hardware, the change was made at M T F . , The change to add the above mentioned remote venting to the ON2 control pressure system made it necessary to remove the stage mounted prevalve accumulator bottles from stages S-IC-6 and on. Certain tests, performed to v e r i b operation without the accumulators, were sdisfactorilly completed and the change was begun at M T F on Mwch 18, 1968. The tubing required to add remote venting and to remove the accumulator bottles was sent to Michoud for fabrication, testing, and cleaning. Installation and functional checkout wm conrploted on March 26, 1968, MTF DQCUMEWTAP1ON Boef.q/WI.Tf" document statup, for FY 1968 is indicated Jn Appendix G, r * Q 76 D5-12601-5 ���DOCUMENTATION $UPPORT "S-IC LOGISTICS LAUNCH SUPPORT PLAN," DS-13705 This document describes the actions necessary to ass u r e complete and timely Schedule 1 logistics support for the S-IC launch, and has been updated to incorporntc changes resulting from the S-IC-1 launch. However, there knvc been no signlficttnt changes in the manner o r scope of logistics support. SPARE PARTS STATUS SUMMARY The Stock Status and Consumption Report, DRD MFhas been deleted by con506B of IE-I-VS-IC-65-10, tract change and replaced by a Spare Parts Status Summary, DRD LS-078 of EN-I-VS-IC-67-10, for each stage. Reporting for the summary of each stage is to begin thirty days prior to the on-dock KSC date, and will reflect logistics1 support position for that stage, TECHNICAL SUPPORT DATA Publication of S-IC stage and GSE technical manuals continued on o r ahead of schedule throughout FY 1968. During this period a complete revision on the S-IC-2 Stage Maintenance and Stage Flight Measurement Manuals was published. Also, a total of fifteen GSE technical manuals were revised. "LOGISTICS INFORMATION REPORTING SYSTEM," 05-13759 The implementation of third-generation computing equipment necessitated reprogramking the logistics reporting system. A study was conducted to devise a system which would utilize the potentials of advaiced computing equipment and better satisy Iogistics' needs. The resulting system has been documented in D5-13759, "Logistics Information Reporting system, I' and is scheduled to be implemented during October 1968, CENTRALIZED INVENTORY CONTROL SYSTEM q Implementation of a centralized inventory control system was postponed because of a delay in the avail- ability of video displays Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) units. When available, these units will allow direct communication with the file in a third-generation online computer, and will function a s an integral part of the logistics program. SPARES SUPPORT Three "sparesv hardware stores were supported during FY 1968. The Michoud store was used as a central store for test site provisioning and a s a site support store for post-manufacturing checkout and poststatic test checkout operations at Michsud. Stock at the MTF store was built up and maintained in support of S-IC-5 and -6 static tests. A limited number of parts from ,the MTF stores were diverted to KSC for backup support of launch critical applications, however, a full inventory level at MTF was maintained. The S-IC-1 and -2 launches were successfully supported with no delays caused by spares shortages. At the end of the fiscal year, stock levels were satisfactory at all sites. The task of refining and operating an effectiveBoeing/ vendor repair program for failed repairable components is being reviewed. This review has important implications for future spares support due to kxtensions in the program performance period. PERSONNEL SUPPORT To assist BATC in the spares liaison effort to support the S-IC-2 test and launch, Logistics Engineering placed two additional spares maintenance representatives at KSC prior to the beginning of the Countdown Demonstration Test. The loan of these two additional liaison personnel provided round-the-clock liaison between Michoud and KSC , resulting in rapid resolution of any spares problems that might have impacted test and launch operations. The personnel on loan returned to Michoud immediately after the launch. SPARES FOR GOVERNMENT FURNISHED EQUIPMENT A logistics problem was encountered with the GFE provided to MTF by MSFC and operated by Boeing. This problem is associated with lack of design definition and resulted in our inability to obtain formal design and drawilig corrective action on discrepancies noted during spares provisioning and procurement activities. However, in spite of such problems, the spares support position for GFE has continually improved during this reporting period, . ����LAUNCH OPERATIONS There has been an on residence Test Conductor at BATC from s-fC Systems Tests T e s t Engineering and Operatiom M ichaud to support AS-$03 processing. - depth review and audit of all change incorporation, rework and retest activiQ involving the S-IC-3 from the end of Post-Manufacturing Checkout (Simulated Static Firing, 8-24-66) through May 1968. This review was directed by NASA a s a result of the AS-502 flight failures. The initial Branch report was submitted to the customer on June 5 , 1968. ����APPENDIX A APPENDIX C CONTRACT MODIFICATIONS NEGOTIATIONS COMPLETED The number of contract modifications received during the period July 1, 1967 through J w 30, 1988, i e as follows: The number of negotiations completed with NASA during the period JuIy 1, 1987 through June 30, 1968, is as follows: Contract NAS8-5606{F) Ctantrnat NAS8-5608 Csntraat NAS8-1BIM -- 6 251 Cohtraet NAS8-5608 Gontrwt NA68-29844 1 -- 93* 1 *Totaling approximately $8,155,063 APPENDIX B APPENDIX D PROPOSALS SUBMITTED DELIVERABLE DATA SUBMITTED The umber of firm cost proposals aubrafmd ta N A a dwiq Mi@ period Ju& 1, $867 Ju\ht $08 28813, le The number of items of deliverable data submlmd $Q &A% duardxag~the priad July 1, 1867 Ukraugh 3we 90, lQ4i8, i a as foIlows: as follows: �APPENDIX E ENGlNEERtNG CHANGE DOCUMENTATtON COMPLETED DURING FISCAL YEAR 1968 CHANGE NO* DESCRIPTION EFFECTIVrl'IES STAGE GSE 0247 Provide filter networks to reduce noise susceptibility and realign LOX and fuel loading electronics assemblies 0248 Replace orifice irk fuel pre;prasrsuriaation msdufe of the S-EC pneumatic cansole MTF f MILA 1, 2, 3 MAB 0249 Redesign aft umbilical # 1, $2, and #3 ball valve actuator arm MILA 1,2, 3 0250 R p o v e ground umbilical fluid couplings from spare locations in S-IC umbilical equipment 3-15 0261 Replace helium shutoff valve with a check valve 1-2 0264 Replace roller stops on LOX interconnect support bracket installation 1-15 0265 Replace roller cams on LOX interconnect support brackets 1-3 0266 Provide capability to vent downstream of helium bottle fill isolation valve 0267 Rework circuitry of the DC-DC converter and DC power isolator 0269 Provide separate vent lines for the presertation module of the forward umbilical service unit MILA 1, 2, 3 0270 S-IC engine alignment check MTF 1 0273 Provide identification of S-IC stages by numbers 3-15 0275 Provide manllal ground control of stage prevalves at K5C 1 MILA 1, 2, 3 0276 Provide power-off turbopump seal purge capability 1-15 MILA 1, 2, 3 0279 Prevent corrosion of spherical rod-end bearing used throughout the S-IC stage structure 2-15 provide electrical bonding of retrorocket and manifold 1-15 9 E 1-15 MILA 1, 2, 3 MSE 1, 2 MAB MTO 1 MAB MILA 1, 2, 3 1-15 c e 0280 ' CDF 98 D5-12602-5 �CHANCE NO. DESCRIPTION E FFECTIvlPTfES STAGE OSE 0285 Incorporate improved lockwire installation procedure on fluid power system duct insulation installation 3-15 0286 Revise visual fnstrumentation camera port squib cable assembly 2, 3 0288 Add remote venting caa>abiIlty of GNZ control prsssurtzation sysbm 2-15 MTF 2 MSE 1, 2 MAB 0289 Remove stage mounted prevalve accumulator bottles from the S-IC vehicle 6-l6 MAB 0290 Modify the fuel tank prepressurizsation module of the S-IC pneumatic console MTO 1 MILA 1, 2, 3 MAB 0291 Revise engine cocoon thermal conditioning controls and thermocouple cable acceptance test requirements 0295 Revise S-IC Level I electromagnetic compatibility test requirements 0298 Add inlet filter to the forward umbilical service unit 0299 Provide sealing of stage structure to prevent equipment damage from rain w a b r 1-15 Provide redundant electrical power circuit for fuel pressurization system 3-15 0302 Replace 50M04050-1 Hydraulic Research servoactuator with 60B84500-1 MOOG servoactuator 1 0303 Modify the S-IC pneumatic console LOX/fuel prepressurization modules 0305 Rework 60B84500-3 Hydraulic Research servoactuator 3-15 0306 Rework prefiltration valve subassembly on MOOG servoactuator 60B84500-1 3-15 0309 Relocate the positive pressure line on the LOX and fuel tank upper m e a d s s 4-15 0300 D5- 12601-5 * I I MILA 1, 2, 3 MAB 7-15 MILA 1, 2, 3 MILA 1, 2, 3 MTO 1 MA3 99 �G&MNGENO. EFFECTNITIES GSE 8TAGE EfESCItFPTION Provide separate mounting of three pilot relief v d v e subassemblies in the S-IC pneumatic console 0312 MTF 1 MILA 1, 2, 3 MAB 0313 Revise electrical surge suppression circuits in the S-IC pneumatic console 0315 Delete non-flight hardware from flight documentation 2-15 0316 Rework the Hydraulic Research servoactuator 50&104050-1 removed from S-IC-1 and use them for S-IC-2 2 0318 Add LOX pressure sewing line to the intertank umbilical reconnect assembly 0320 Revise fairing turn buckle attachment fitting material to 7075-T73 1-15 032 1 Provide Parker LOX vent and relief valve as standby for Whittaker LOX vent and relief valve I 0322 Provide explosion proof enclosure for prevalve ground accumulator pressure spheres Sr MTF 2 MILA 1, 2 , 3 MAB MILA lr2, 3 MTF 2 MILA 1, 2, 3 0323 Revise S-IC propellant dispersion system installation 2-15 0324 Revise test requirements and procedures for ordnance safe and arm device 2-15 t MILA 1, 2, 3 0328 Rework the intertank umbilical locking mechanism 0329 Reroute cable installation on fins B and D 2-3 0330 Substitute amplifier used for ten mandatory prelaunch red line temperature measurements 3-15 10332 Revise the S-IC stage thrust structure hazardous gas detection system to provide sampling orifice in each quadrant 3-15 0335 Remove, retest and re-identify dl 65B23280 check valves MSE 1, 2 MTF 1 MILA 1, 2, 3 Q 100 OM4 Modify the fairing heat shield access panels 3-15 0345 Add weather protection covers to base air scoops 2-15 I%-1260 1-5 �DESCRIPTION EFFECTlVITIES STAGE GSE iminate 17-7 P H mechanicd feed back rings in trydrauh Research S-IC servo- 3-15 im engine fairing skin to prevent injury 3-15 odify servoactuator jack pin assembly MSE 1, 2 MTF 1 WILA evise materid of stage anti-friction plates 3-15 Provide additional vents for the servoactuator and Boeing supplied engine thermal 2-15 dify servoactuator boot fitting installation to lace fasteners with through bolts 3-15 Change S-IC documentation to comply with KSC pull test requirements 2, 3 Provide positive moisture sealing of electrical vities for the 60B49002 helium pressurization d emergency dump valves 2-15 ncorporate improved position switches in the 2-15 LOX tank vent and relief vqlve (60B51002f Instdlation of the ordnance bracket assembly on the LOX and fuel tanks 2-4 Protect electrical cables a entry {forward and aR) to stage from electricd tunnel 2-15 Revise S-IC propellant dispersion system installation kit Provide uninterrupted power (+28 VDC) to LOX and fuel loading electronics KSC Genl 3-15 Modify S-IC interta.uk umbilical lock mechanism MILA 1, 2, 3. 0372 Modify the S 4 C pneumatic console helium primary regulation circuit MAB MTF 1 MILA 1,2, 3 0374 Revise the main sed in the LOX fill and drain valve 335- 4260 1-5 3-15 �CHANGE NO. 102 E FFECTWITIES STAGE GSE DESCRIFTION MLA 1 0377 Modify the S-IC storage racks to provide protection during launch 0379 Replace vent seals on all Aireseareh prevalves md emergency drain valves 5-15 0382 Eliminate H e flow overlap of the stage and ground fuel tank pressurization system 2-15 0888 Modify filter m W o I d delta pressure 9-31s 0396 Block debris valvejs in S-IC intertank reconnect assembly LOX fill and drain lines in the open position 0401 Provide locking and position indicating mechanism for S-fC pneumatic console and forward umbilical service unit MSE 1, 2 MILA 1 MTF 1 MILA 1, 2, 8 MA33 0406 Modify TV objective lens housing assembly 2,3 0411 Provide drain for servoactuator rod seal leakage 2-15 0414 Replace bolts in fairing heat shield access panel 3-15 0415 Replace 50M04049 MOOG servoactuator with 60B84500 MOOG servoactuator 2 0419 Provide new latch on the S-IC intertank umbilical reconnect assembly MILA 1, 2, 3 0848 R1 Replace pressure gage in forward umbilical service unit LUT #1, #2, #3 0866 R1 Modify heater blanket assemblies 1-3 0867 R1 Modify base heat shield installation 1-15 0868 R1 Modify connector hex nut 3-5 0870 R1 Modify base heat shield support angle installation 1-4 0871 R1 Correct bolt lengths on lower fairings 3-15 0873 R1 Modify support installation to allow installation of the recoverable camera 2, 3 0874 R1 Correct bolt length on thrust structure baee air scoop installation 1-15 0875 R1 Provide pilot relay for heater power contactor in 5-IC pneumatic console MILA 1, 2, 3 MTF 1 t D5-1260 1-5 �E FFECTlVrl'IES CHANGE NO, DESCRUPTfON STAGE 0876 R l Modify ground cables in TV camera system 2, 3 0877 R 1 Modify retrorocket initiation system 1-15 0879 Bl - MILA 1 Modify tube assembly in the pneumatic console 0880 R 1 Eliminate an out-of-tolerance condition in the LOX leakmeter measurement F45-118 1-5 0883 R 1 Correct bolt length callout on servoactuator boot installation 1-15 0884 R 1 Modify length of cable assembly 115W305 1-5 0885 R 1 LOX f i l l and drain valves (3-239, B240) MILA 1,2, 3 MAB MTF 1 control valves reversed cables 0887 R1 Calorimeter purge line clamp 0889 R 1 M9dfa7S-IC inbrtank umWUed to delay GSE 2-5 XMXu olotswe of detJsir%r vRIvr3 0891 R 1 Heat shield panel installation 2, 3 0892 R l Electrical installation forward skirt 2, 3 0893 Rl Eliminate leakage in LOX pressure sensing line MILA 1, 2, 3 0896 R1 Housing assembly aft 1 and 2 MILA 1, 2, 3 0897 R1 Rebonding of anti-friction plates 2 0903 R 1 Engine fairing blanket assembly 2-15 0904 R 1 Cable and instrumentation installation units 101 and 102 2-4 0906 R 1 Measurement installation fin B 2, 3 0907 R 1 Propellant dispersion system installation and retrorocket initiation system 2-15 0908 R1 Change bolt callout 2-15 0913 R 1 Rase heat shield bracket misalignment 3-15 1214 G Increase accuracy of GOX flow control valve pilot pressure measurement I I MSE 1, 2 ��ENGINEERING CHANGE DOCUMENTATION I N n l A T E D DURING FISCAL YEAR 1968 CHANCE NO. e DESCRIPTION E FFECTTVPTIES STAGE GSE Reduce the fuel and LOX tank standby pressure output in the forward umbilical service unit MILA 1, 2, 3 0231 Cancelled Provide 6-IC engine hydraulic sysbm pressurization for stage shipment and storage MILA 1, 2, 3 MTO 1 0242 Modify S-IC pneumatic console to provide pressure calibratian source in mobile launcher room MILA 1,2, 3 'NIAB 0247 Provide filter networks to reduce noise susceptibility and realign LOX and fuel loading electronics assemblies 0248 Replace orifice in fuel prepressurization module of the S-IC pneumatic console MTF 1 MILA 1, 2, 3 MAB 0249 Redesign aft umbilical #1, #2, and # 3 ball valve actuator arm MILA 1, 2, 3 0250 Remove ground umbilical fluid couplings from spare locations in S-IC umbilical equipment 3-15 0251 Modify the length of the telemetry antenna feed cables 3-15 0260 * Cancelled Replace angular rate gyros for measurements R4-120, R5-120 and R6-X20 2-15 0261 Replace helium shutoff valve with a check valve 1-2 0263 * Cancelled Provide venting for stage access equipment storage racks 0264 Replace roller stops on LOX interconnect support bracket installtion 1-15 0265 Replace roller cams on LOX support brackets 1-3 0266 Provide capaljility to vent downstream of helium bottle fill isolation valve * 1-15 MILA 1, 2, 3 MSE 1, 2 I* MAB MILA 1, 2, 3 MTO 1 MAB MILA 1, 2, 3 0267 D5-1260 1-5 Rework circuitry of the DC-DC converter and W: power isdatas 1-15 105 �DESCRIPTION CILZNGE NO, EFFECTrnfES STAGE CSE 0269 Provide separate vent lines for the preservatioa module of the fortvard umbilical service unit MILA 1, 2 , 3 0271) 9-IC en&&@alignment check MTF 1 0272 Provide S-IC forward skirt access equipment for access to S-II engfnes 2-15 0273 Provide identification of S-IC stages by numbers 3-15 0274 * Cancelled Remove umbilical fluid coupling from spare location on S-IC umbilical equipment 2-15 MSE 1 , 2 MTF m u 1,2, 3 0275 Provide manual ground control of stage prevalves at KSC 1 MILA 1, 2 , 3 0276 Provide power-off turbopump seal purge capability 1-15 0279 Prevent corrosion of spherical rod-end bearing used throughout the S-IC stage structure 2-15 0280 Provide electrical bonding of retrorocket and CDF manifold 1-15 0285 Incorporate improved lockwire installation procedurw on fluid power system duct insulation installation 3-15 0286 Revise visual instrumentation camera port squib cable assembly 2, 3 0287 Modify Marotta solenoid valves (65B23278) 0288 Ad&remote venting capability of GN2 control pressurization system 2-15 MTF 2 MSE 1, 2 MAB 0289 Remove stage mounted prevalve accumulator bottles from the S-IC vehicle 6-15 MAB 0290 Modify the fuel tank prepressurization module of the S-IC pneumatic console MTO 1 MILA 1, 2 , 3 MA3 '0291 Revise engine cocoon thermal conditioning controls and thermocouple cable acceptance test requirements MILA 1, 2 , 3, MAB i 106 MTF 1 MILA 1, 2, 3 MSE 1, 2 MAB D5- 1260 1-5 �CHANGE NO. E FFECTWITIES STAGE CSE DESCRIPTION 0292 Provide backup engine pump seal purge systems 0293 LOX engine cutoff sensor solar cell redesign 0294 * Add a mechanical relicf valve in the helium bottle gas storage system 3,4 0295 Revise S-IC Level I electromagnetic compatibility test requirements 7-15 0296 Add instrumentation provisions to the S-IC pneumatic console forward umbilical service unit and S-IC umbilicals 0297 Provide digital range safety command system antenna shields Q298 Add idet filter ta the fornard umbiliod service C aneelled MTF 1 NlfltA 1, 2, 8 PAAB 2-15 NIXLA lt2,3 uazlt Provide sealing of stage structure to prevent equipment damage from rain water 1-15 Provide redundant electrical power circuit for fuel pi-essurization system 3-15 0301 * Cancelled Incorporation of second source LOX vent and relief valve 6-15 0302 Replace 50M04050-1Hydraulic Research servoactuator with 60B84500-1 MOOG servoactuator 1 0299 0300 . r Modify the S-IC pneumatic console LOX/fuel prepressurization modules 0305 Rework 60B84500-3 Hydraulic Research servoactuator 3-15 0306 Rework prefiltration valve subassembly on MOOG servoactuator 60B84500-1 3-15 0309 Relocate the positive pressure line on the LOX and fuel tank upper bulkheads * . MfLA 1, 2, 3 MTO 1 MAB 0303 . 4-15 0310 C ancelied Add umbilical interface measurements to vehicle IP&C list 1-15 0311 Provide redundant circuitry and power in the stage separatidn system 3-15 MTF 1 MILA 1, 2, 3 MSE 1, 2 �EFFECTNITIES CHANGE NO, 0312 DESCRIPTION STAGE' Provide separate mounting of three pilot relief valve subassemblies in S-IC pneumatic consale GSE MTF 1 MILA 1 . 2 , 3 MAB - 0313 Revise electrical surge suppression circuits in the S-IC pneumatic console MTF 2 MILA 1, 2, 3 MAB 0314 Add calibration valve to pressure switch sensing line MILA 1, 2 , 3 0316 Delete non-flight hardware from flight documentation 2-15 0316 Rework the Hydraulic Research servoactuator 5011104050-1 removed from 8-IC-1 and use them for S-IC -2 2 0317 * Cancelled Combustion chamber pressure measurement telemetry channel change 5-15 0319 Add LOX pressure sensing line to the intertank MILA 1, 2, 3 Provide redundant 28 VDC monitoring power circuitry in the S-IC pneumatic console MTF 1 MILA 1, 2, 3 MAB 0320 0321 Revise fairing turn buckle attachment fitting material to 7075-T73 1-15 Provide Parker LOX vent and relief valve as 1 ' standby for Whittaker LOX vent and relief valve 0322 Provide explosion proof enclosure for prevalve ground accumulator pressure spheres MTF 2 MILA 1, 2 , 3 Revise S-IC propellant dispersion system installation 0324 Revise test requirements and procedures for ordnance safe and arm device 2-15 0325 Provide a redundant method for initiating center engine cutoff under LOX depletion condition 2-15 0320 Cancelled Delete BMS8-38 sta-foam from S-IC electrical distributors 3-15 0327 Modify the LOX vent and relief valve configuratiw by removing the actuator gear clutch springs 9d15 0 * MTO 1 MILA 1, 2 , 3 MSE 1, 2 �CHANGE NO, 0328 DESCRXPTION EFFECTIVITIES STAGE GSE MILA 1, 2, 3 Rework the intertank umbilical locking mechanism - Reroute cable installation on fins B and D 2 -3 0330 Substitute amplifier used for ten mandatory prelaunch red line temperature measurements 3-15 0332 Rcvise the S-IC stage thrust structure hazardous gas detection system to provide sampling orifice in each quadrant 3-16 0333 Replace vibration transducers 60B72188-3 with 6OB72184-1 for 17 measurements in the engine area 2 -5 0335 Remove, retest, and re-identify all 65B23280 check valves 0308 Reviae F-f engine cocoon temperature 0329 MSE 1, 2 MTF 1 lWLA 1, 2, 3 3-16 transducer 0337 * Cancelled Replace resistors on printed circuit of telemetry oscillator assembly 11-15 0338 * Cancelled Replace the RN 55C1253F resistor in the 50M65485-1 printed wiring assembly in the subc a r r i e r oscillator assembly 11-15 0339 Correct cabling installation design deficiencies on S-IC stage 3 0344 Modify the fairing heat shield access panels 3-15 0345 Add weather protection covers to base a i r scoops 0346 Redesign the LOX overfill sensor 0347 Eliminate 17-7 PH mechanical feedback springs in Hydraulic Research S-IC servoactuator 3-15 0348 Eliminate single failure mode in outboard engine cutoff measurements for time base T-3 3-15 0349 T r i m engine fairing skin to prevent injury to personnel 0350 Provide attaching holes for hold down arms hood closure lanyard 1 D5-1260 1-5 �DESCRIPTION ClMMGE NO. EFFECTIVITIE$ GSE STAGE Modify servoactuator jack pin assembly 6351 MSE 1, 2 MTF 1 MILA 1, a 0362 * Cancelled 4 Provide special handling equipment at KSC 4-15 0353 Redesign of remote digital sub-multiplexer power supply 3-15 0354 Revise material of stage antifriction plates 3-15 0355 Provide additional vents for the servoactuator ancl Boeing suppBed engine thermal insulation 2-15 0356 Modify servoactuator boot fitting instauation to replace fasteners with through bolts 3-15 0357 Change 5-IC documentation to comply with KSC pull test requirements 2-3 6358 Provide positive moisture sealing of electrical cavities for the 60B49002 helium pressnrization and emergency dump valves 2-15 0359 Incorporate improved position switches in the LOX tank vent and relief valve f 6OB51002f 2-15 0360 Installation of the ordnance bracket assembly on the LOX and fuel tanks 2 -4 0362 Provide redundant electrical circuits to eliminate single failure modes in the engine cutoff system 3-15 0363 Protect electrical cables at entry (forward and aft} to stage from electrical tunnel 2-15 0365 Revise S-IC pneumatic console documentation MSE I, 2 MTO 1 MILA 1, 2, 3 MAB 110 KSC Geni 0367 Revise S-IC propellant dispersion system installation kit 0368* Cancel$& Delete brackets from LOX and fuel tanks 13-15 0369 Provide uninterrupted power (+28 VDC) to LOX -and fuel loading electronics 3-15 0370 Redesign of GOX feeder duct (603[351403-1) 3-15 D5-12601-5 �EFFECTNITIES STAGE GSE 0371 hlodify S-IC intertank umbilical lock mechanism MILA 1, 2, 3 0372 Modtfy the S-SC pneumatic cowole helium primary 'egulation circuit lMAB MTF 1 MILA 1, 2, 3 0373 * Cancelled Requirements for structural load monitoring at 9374 Revise the main seal in the LOX fill and drain valve 3-15 0375 Delete forward skirt umbilical door 4-15 0376 Reduce minimum pressure requirement for stage helium bottles and delete the helium bottles high pressure checkout switch 4-15 0377 Modify the S-IC storage racks to provide protection during launch MILA 1 0378 Provide additional fasteners for S-IC intertank umbilical reconnect assembly control box covers MILA 1, 2, 3 0379 Replace vent seals on all Airesearch prevalves and emergency drain valves 5-15 0381 * Cancelled Provide "power off" turbopump seal purge capability 3-15 0382 Eliminate He flow overlap of the stage and ground fuel tank pressurization system 2-15 0389 Eliminate water acceptanoe testing for Airesearch fuel prevalve 20PA32011-13 11-15 0385 Revise testing to prevent negative pressure in the S-IC LOX tank 2-15 0386 Change spring material in Whittaker LOX prevalves (2OM32010)and accomplish a modified requalification test 8-15 0387 Revise flight instrumentation to verify stage performance and environment 3-15 0388 Redesign electrical disconnect bracket (6OB67324-7) 3-5 0389 * Cancelled Modify filter manifold delta pressure transducer (Dl191 t u b a 3-15 C D5-12601-5 2-3 KSC MTO 1 MILA 1, 2, 3 MAB MSE 1, 2 MILA 1,2, 3 MTF 1 �CkiALANCE NO. DESCRIPTION Provide backup LOX bubbling system in the S-IC pneumatic console 0390 0392 EFFECTNM'IES STAGE GSE ' MTO 1 MAB MILA 1, 2, 3 Delete the S-IC base air scoop Provide a manual means to fill the stage hefirun bottles 0394 MAB MTQ 1 MXLA 1, 2, 3 Change O-rings in 65B23278 solenoid valves MSE 1, 2 MTF 1 MILA 1, 2, 3 0396 * Cancelled Block debris valves in S-IC intertank-reconnect assembly LOX fill and drain lines in the open position 0397 * Cancelled Change the material on the 60B41044 LOX fill and drain elbows 6015 0398 Provide for control of fuel and LOX loading electronics calibration commands from propellant tanking computer system 3-15 0399 Modlfy installation of acoustic vibration measurements utilizing 60B67632-XXX coaxial cable assembly 0400 Modi$ S-IC intertank umbilical reconnect assembly to include a backup retract capability MILA 1 MSE 1, 2 MTO 1 C 0401 112 Provide locking and position indicating mechanism for S-IC pneumatic oonsole and forward umbilical service unit manual ball valves MTF 1 MILA 1, 2, 3 MAB 0405 Modify the umbilical coupling for the oxidizer suction line bubbling system 0406 Modify TV objective lens housing assembly 0407 * Cancelled Readjust outboard LOX and fuel depletion system timers 2 0409 Provide hardwire engine actuator position interlock for engine cutoff 3-15 MSE 1, 2 MTO 1 0410 Modify engine cutoff circuitry to reduce potentiaI of premature shutdown 3-l6 MSE 1, 2 MTO 1 3-15 MSE 1, 2 MTF 1 MILA 1, 2, 3 D5-1260 1-5 �I -*. CHANGE NO. ' ' , DESCRIPTfON EPFECWITIEs BTAGE: 08E 0411 * Y rovide drain for servoactuator rod seal C ancelled leakage 0$12 Replace Southwestern Industries gage and absolute pressure switches with Consolidated Controls pressure switchers 3-15 0414 * cmcsw Replace bolts in fairing heat shield access panel 3-15 0415 Replace 5OM 04049 MOOG servoactuator with 60B84500 MOOG servoactaator 2 0419 Provide new htch on the S-IC intertank umbilical reconnect assembly 0421 Solder RF coaxial shield braid to connect shield clamp 3-8 0423 Y isual identification for S-IC stage ordnance 3-15 _ 2-15 M I U 1, 2,'3 AiLAB IVIIfLA 1, 2$ 8 systems I 0425 * C mcelted Modify fuel tank vertical internal access equipment 0426 Identification of equipment containers to twit 120 4-15 0428 * Propellant depletion system timer setting for S-IC-3 (B/P 30) 3 0429 * Add instrumentation for analysis of vehicle release condition 3 0430 Change frequency of telemetry links 6-15 0432 Modify LOX and fuel prepressurization syshms 0437 Lockwire threaded connectors which do Ifid have drilled holes for lockwiring 3-15 0441 Provide additional protection for components vulnerable to damage from the S-E/S-XI separation environment 3-15 0442 install helium injection POGO suppression systems 3-15 0444 Increase Ecmvard umbilical servioe unit flow cmilitg . G ancelled , D5-U60 1-5 I KSC Genl MSE 1, 2 MTO 1 MILA 1, 2, 3 MTO 1 MAD MSE 1, 2 MTO 1 MU 1 113 �CHANGE NO. DESCRfPTfON EFFECTNPTBS STAGE 0848 El Replace pressure gage in forward umbilical. service unit O866Rl Modify heater blanket assemblies 1-3 0867 R1 Modify base heat shield installation 1-15 W68 Rl Modify connector hex tlut 3-45 0869 R1 Eliminate interfe~enceon base air scoop measurement installation 1-5 0870 Rl Modify base heat shield support angle installation 1-4 0871 R1 Correct bolt lengths on lower fairings 3115 0873 R1 Modify support installation to allow installation of the recoverabie camera 2, 3 0874 R1 Correct bolt length on thrust structure base air scoop installation 1-15 0875 R1 Provide pilot relay for heater power contactor in S-IC pneumatic console 0876 RI Modify ground cable in TV camera system 2, 0875 R1 Mod* 1-15 0879 R1 Modify tube assembly in the pneumatic console 0880 R1 Eliminate an out-of-tolerance condition in the LOX leakmeter measurement F45-118 0883 R1 Correct bolt length callout on servoactuator boot installation 1-15 0884 R1 Modify length of cable assembly 115W305 1-5 0885 R1 LOX fill and drain valves (B-239,B240) control valves reversed cables retrorocket initiation system GSE LUT #I, 82, #3 MILA 1, 2, 3 MTF 1 3 MILA 1, 2, 3 MAB MTF 1 114 0887 Rl Calorimeter purge line clamp 0889 R1 Modify S-IC intedank umbilical to delay closure of debris valve 0890 R1 LOX arrd fuel loading electronics unit calibrai tion cablee 2 -5 MILA 1,2 D5-12601-6 �CHANGE NO, . a . E FFECTrVRTElS STAGE GSE DESCRIPTION 0891 R l Heat shield panel installation 2,3 bBQ2R1 Electrical installation forward skirt 293 0893 R l Eliminate leakage in LOX pressure sensing line MILA 1, 2, 3 0896 R l Housing Assembly aft 1 and 2 MfLA 1, 2, 3 0887 RZ Rebonding of antifriction plat;ee 2 0900 R1 Fuel delivery system installation fuel tank 1-15 0902 R1 Cable and instrument installation thrust chamber tmit 105 2-5 0903Rl Engine fairing blanket assembly 2-15 0904 R1 Cable and instrumentation installation units 101 and 102 0906 R1 Measurement installation fin B 2, 3 0907 R1 Propellant dispersion system installation and retrorocket initiation system 2-15 0908 R1 Change bolt callout 2-15 0913 R l Base heat shield bracket misalignment 3-15 0914 R1 Rework fuel ordnance cowling and revise ordnance installation requirements 2 -15 0916 ~i Rework thrust chamber insdation 2-5 0918 R1 Revise fin and fairing nut callouts 3-15 0920 R1 Replace insulation bracket covers 2-9 0929 R1 Disconnect position switch cables on vent and relief valves 2 1214 G Increase accuracy of GOX flow control valve pilot pressure measurement MSE 1, 2 1219 G Revision to stage handling equipment (MAB VAB) MAB 1221 G Utilize RCA llOA as primary engine test programmer MTF 1224 S Correct errors on LOX anti-vortex documenwon D54f2601-5 - 2-4 10-15 115 �CHANCE BO, DESCRDPTION EFFECTIVITIES STAGE GSE 1225 S Replace roller cams oh LOX interconnect support bracket installation 1226 G Modify MTF rotational brace MTF 1 1227 C Modify the MTF hydraulic terminal equipment MTF 1 1232 0 Modify pin puller assemblies a d adjustment MTF 1 4-15 l i n a p s assembly at MTF 1233 G Modify the area contamination detection system 1235 S Provide self-aligning capability for engine fairing turnbucMes 5-15 1236 S Redesign rate gyro heater blanket assembly 10-15 1237 S Relocate engine actuator electrical filter assembly 5-15 1238 S Revise S-IC servoactuator thermal insulation documentation 10-15 1239 S Revise 60B19612-1 static firing antifriction plates to facilitate removal 6-15 1240 G Provide capability for remote pressurization a d venting of the COX ducting system 1243 G Modify aluminum forward handling ring test requirements 7-15 Provide new presampling filter and modified power supply cards -15 Eliminate solder joints susceptible to cracks in electrical distributors 10-15 1244 S + Cancelled 1245 S MSE 1, 2 MTO 1 t. ��APPENDIX G - SYSTEMS TEST M T O DOCUMENT STATUS REPORT DOCUMENT NO, 5-10016-1 f)fi*11789-005 DOCUMENT TITLE STATUS BMTOEMERGENCYCONTROLPUM IN WORK BTACE BEQUENCE/QBERATI[QNE Pub3 FOR COMPLETED SATURN S-IC -5 D5-11789-008 STAGE SEQUENCE/OPERATIONS PLAN FOR SATURN S-fC -6 COMPLETED 05-11789-100 STAGE SEQUENCE/OPERATIONS PLAN FOR SATURN S-IC -- PROCEDURES AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR PROCESSING STAGES AT MTF COMPLETED D5-13034 S-IC S P E C U L TESTS COMPLETED D5-13034-3 LOX EMERGENCY DUMP LINE TEST CANCELLED D5-13034-38 S-IC BOOSTER STORAGE BUILDING FLOOR SETTLEMENT TEST COMPLETED D5-13034-39 POST EMERGENCY DRAIN LINE COLLAPSE, SPECIAL RP-1 TRANSFER TESTS IN WORK D5-13034-40 FUEL TANK DRAIN TESTS S-IC -D IN WORK D5-13034-41 TEST OF S-IC STATIC TEST STAND VENTILATION IN WORK D5-13034-42 RCA/IlOA BECKMAN COMPUTER PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT COMPLETED D5-13034-43 TEST OF HOLDDOWN ARM ANTI-FRICTION PLATE IN WORK D5-13034-45 ENVIRONMENTAL TEST, S-IC EAST OBSERVATION BUNKER IN WORK D5-13034-46 IN-PLACE GN2 ONE-HALF INCH BY-PASS LINE TEST INWORK D5-1304'747 HELIUM FLOW CONTROL VALVE FLOW RESPONSE TEST IN WORK 5 / D5-13034-48 118 SIMULATED ON2 ONE-HALF INCH BY-PASS LINE TEST W WORK D5-1260 1-5 �DOCUMENT NO. DOCUMENT TITLE STATUS - MTF D5-13743 FACILITIES MAINTENANCE PLAN D5-13781 FACILITIES mINTENANCE RECORD SYSTEM CANCELLED CONTAMINATION CONTROL OF S-IC IN WORK D5-13970 SYSTEMS AT MTF CANCELLED �GLOSSARY CRT Cathode ray tube AS Apollolsaturn CSA Computer Sciences Applications MTC Bwing A t CSM Central Stores Michoud BEAR Boeing Investigation and Corrective Action Request CY Calendar year DAF Data Acquisition Facility DDAS Digital data acquisition system DEE Digital even& evaluator - Test Center, ICSC , Florida CAM Change action memo CAR Corrective action request CCB Configuration Control Board CCP Contract change proposal CDDT Countdown Demonstration Test CDF Confined detonating: fuse CDR Critical design review CEI Contract end item CID Cable Interconnect diagram C U S S I CHANGE: If an engineering change deviates from the contract and must, therefore, be covered by contract revision, it is Class I. All Class I changes are processed by Engineering Change Proposal. Class I changes are specifically identified as such if one or more of the following is affected: (I) Part I CEI Specifications; (2) Contract price o r fee and contract guarantees, delivery, or test schedules; (3) Changes to Part lI CEI Specifications if any or the following are affected interchangeability, electrical interference, present adjustments, interfaces, computer programs, change in vendors, retrofit, requalification testing, and any change affecting high energy nuclear radiation sources. - CLASS If CHANGE: All changes that are not Class I. C/O Checkout CPFF Cost plus fixed fee f contract) CPZF Cost plus &cenW@fee (contrwt) 120 Discrete iddiscrete out DRD Docutnent requirements description DRL Document requirements list DTS Data transmission system EAMR Engineering Advance Material Releases EAPL Engineering assembly parts list ECM Engineering change memorandum ECP Engineering change proposal ECPR Engineering change proposal requirements E CS Environmental control system EDS Emergency detection system E/E Electrical/electronic EITP End item test plan EMC Electromagnetic compatibility EM0 Equipment management organization EMPL Engineering master parts list EO Engineering order EPRR Engineering parts release record EQA Equipment quality analysis ERS Experience retention study, also Equipment record system FACX First article configuration inspection D5- 12601-5 �FISC Flexible line~wshaped charge LSBRS Launch Systems Branch records system FM Frequency modulated (modulation) LUT Launch Umbilical Tower FY Fiscal year MAB Mechanical automation breadboard GETS Ground Gquipment Test Set MAF Michoud Assembly Facility GFE Government furnished equipment MAR Maintenance Action Revision GFP Govelmment furnished property MB NASA/MSFC-Boeing (jointly issued specification, drawing, o r part number) . GN2 Gaseous nitrogen COX Gaseous oxygen gPm Gallons per minute GSE Ground support equipment HLS Hydraulic load simulator (NLAB) HPA High pressure air HPG High pressure gas HPIW High pressure industrial water HPSU Hydraulic power supply unit ICD Interface control documentation ICE Instrument calibration equipment IDEP Interservice Data Exchange Program MBR . MSFC/Boeing relay (last letter represents type of part) MCMRP Minimum configuration management requirements plan MCL Measurement control laboratory MDS Malfunction detection system Manufacturing engineering MF Medium Frequency Michoud Michoud Assembly Facility, New Orleans, Louisiana MIG Mechanical inert gas (welding process) MRB M m r i e l Review Board MSC Manned Spaceflight Center, Houston, Texas MSE Manufacturer's support equipment (GSE to support manufacturing facility) MSE I Manufacturer's support equipment this test complex used for PSC and refurbishment of stages. MSE 11 Manufacturer's support equipment this test complex used for PMC of stages. MSFC Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 3 IRN Interface Revision Notice ITGE Integrated telemetry grouud equipment JOD Joint occupancy date KSC Kennedy Space Center, Florida KSI Kips per square inch KVA Kilovolt ampere - =I2 Liquid hydrogen LN Liquid nitrogen MTF Mississippi Test Facility, Mississippi LOX Liquid oxygen MTO LSB Launch Systems Branch Mississippi Test Operations (Boeing Systems Test organization responsible for MTF activities) 121 �:,- 1 i'9i A ' , 0 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration HC Numerical Control NBT Nondeshzlctive Test N/N Next IIiyher Part Number HME NitrogeRnlelium NPSII Not positive suction head OAT Overall test (procedure) 0bE3 On-Line data input system OWP Offset Doppler system PAM Pulse amplitude modulated PAR Part analysis report PART f CEI specifications set forth "detail design and performance requirements" for S-IC-F, S-IC-1 through S-IC-10, and all deliverable GSE at KSC QC Quality control QMT Quality Maintenance Test R&D Research and development RACS Remote automatic calibration system RAM Reliability Analysis Model RDC Reliability Data Center RMM Remote Digital Sub-Mult;lplexer RF Radio frequency RFP Request for proposal RP-I Fuel (kerosene) I I? f C NASA ' h h* R-QUAL Quality Laboratory, MSFC - . - PART Ef CEI specifications set forth "drawings and test requirements" for S-IC-3 on (does not affect S-IC-F , S-IC-1, S-IC-2, o r deliverable GSE) R-TEST Test Laboratory, MSFC SA Supplemental Agreement SCN Specification Change Notice SDC Status Display Center SE Support Equipment ST-MTF Systems test PCA Production control area PCC Program control center PCM Pulse code modulated PD Program Directive PERT Program evaluation and review technique PMC Post-manufacturing checkout p/N Part Number PRR Production revision record (a claas IT change) PSC Q&RA - MTF TCC Test control center TIG Tungsten inert gas (welding process) T/M Telemetry TVC Thrust Vector Control UCR Unsatisfactory Condition Report UER Unplanned event record VAB Vertical Assembly Building VISTA Visual Task Analysis Post-static checkout WAC Work Authorization Change Quality and Reliabiliw Assurance AP Delta p , differential pressure C 122 D5-1260 1-5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000066 Title A name given to the resource "Saturn V First Stage Annual Progress Report: Fiscal Year 1968." Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. D5-12601-5 Description An account of the resource The report covers June 30, 1967 through June 27, 1968: Contract NAS8-5608, Schedules 1 and 1A, July 27, 1968. Prepared by J. P. Delaloye, Management Reporting and Analysis; Supervised by D. G. Valentine, Management Reporting and Analysis; Approved by R. F. Terry, Program Reports; D. H. Creim, Michoud, Program Planning and Reporting Manager; E. K. Cooper, S-IC Program Executive. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Delaloye, J. P. Boeing Aerospace Company. Space Division. Launch Systems Branch Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-07-27 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn Project (U.S.) Saturn launch vehicles Saturn S-1C stage Project management Type The nature or genre of the resource Annual reports Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 27, Folder 33 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000051_000074 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1151/spc_stnv_000067.pdf 6d546011779bd6bc44167875ef38a8c8 PDF Text Text SATURN MISTORY DO~"llj--~ Univer"h/ OF Aigbama R~~catch Instikg '"t0.y of Science E bChnD,ogy Dak-- THE I ~ 1 I REPORT L OF THE ! --_------- Doc 'OW --- ---_ �..................... ........................... .............................. I I To Our Stockholders 2 The Foundaflotl 4 Mission Suppart ........................ 4 bearch 6 EIechnigs ............................. 7 Infomation Sciences .18 Structural and Mechanid Systems ....... .19 Architecture and Facilities Engineering ... .21 ................... t h e Future ..............................22 .............. ................... Brown Engineering Facilities .23 Officers and Directors .24 Financial Information ........... Center Pages ............. ............. ........ Cash Wow per share (I). . . . . . . . . Dividends paid . . . . . . . . . . . Total daties and wages . . . . . . . . Net addhiom to buildings, leasehold irnprovements,and equipment . . . . . Net J e a . Net h o m e Net income per share (1) ........ Total sbckhoIders' equity Wotking capital Number of stockholders of remrd Number of employees ........... ..... ......... (I Computed ) on total shares outstandng at close of year 1965 (2) Restated for pooling of interest Received long-term mission support contracts. Built large electronic ground support systems for Saturn program. Acquired Electro-Mechanisms, Inc., a New England electronics manufacturer. Began construction on electronics manufacturing plant at Lewis burg, Tennessee. Established Information Sciences, Inc., in key southeastern cities. De ;EMan fhe wmvw we the SIX a m of sc&vfiy wrrenNy being pursW by Brown Enghee'ring. The subject of' each prcture Is shown w i n in$@ ,the repart t a g h e r with an expkna#Ofl eaphon. �TO OUR STOCKHOLDERS The year 1965 marked an important 12 months far Brown Engineering Company. I n c ~ a s e dsales and earnings were accompanid by other significant events that promise to profoundly affect Brawn's future. For the fgth straight year, the corn pany's safes and earnings Increased over those of the previous 12 months. Sales in 1965 tabled $45,302,418. Net earnings, reachjng the $1 million mark for the fiat time, were $1,134,484, ar This compares with earnings d $924,641, or $1.24 per share, in 1954. $1.52por share. safes of $42,3W,754and Long-term contracts having a poten- In addition to his res 6ibltEties as pfesident and chafrrnan of the at emwe EngInesring Company, Milton K. Cummfngs 1s act/%?in community, state, and natfonal affaffs. �tial value of more than $1M million were awarded the company to provide technical suppart ta the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center. The latest awards replaced a m m ber of short-term contracts Brown held with this key NASA installation, and offered the company a solid eeonornic base far the next five years. Brown expanded its markets and capabilities, especially in electronics and information systems, through smaller firms as subsidiaries, new equipment, and facilities. Brown acquired Electro- Mechanisms, Inc., a New EngEahd elec- 3,mO employees, highest employment tronics firm, and established Infarma- in the company's history, and locations tion Sciences, I nc., in Atlanta, Georgia, in Jx states. We believe the events of to prov'rde management and computer "165 will strongly influence the future services. In addition, the company en- success of Brown, Our long-term contered an option to purchase T ram-Data, tracts, along with our expanded mpaInc,, a Huntsville electronics firm. bilities and markets, give us a solid Construction was begun in 1965 on a foundation for growth. manufacturing plant at tewisburg, TenWe are grateful to the many permns nessee, to house a part of the com- - customers, stockholders, and empany's growing electronics operations, ployees - who made 1965 s ~ & a sigand a highly advanced computer was nificant period in Brown's history. Their installed in Brown's data pracesslng continuing interests in our company give us every reason to look to the fulaboratory at Huntsville. At year's end, Brown had more than ture with great confidence. Milton K. Cumrnings Chairman and president ��space and defense deeply involved Brown in programs of the National Aeronautics nnd Space Administration and the Army during 4965. The company made significant contributions to these agencies toward the development of large space boosters for space expIoration defense. and modern missiles for In '1965, Brown received new longterm contracts to support programs of the ~ a r s h a l lSpace Flight Center. The awards included prime contracts to support the Propulsion and Vehicle Engineering Laboratory and the Research Projects Laboratory at the center, as well as subcontracts to support the Test Laboratory and the Quality and Reliabi lity Assurance Laboratory. These contracts represent potential sales of more than $100 million for Brown over a five-year period. Since these are awardfee type contracts, under which the company's fee is governed by the quality of i t s performance, Brown has the opportunity to real ire greater profits than it did from former mission support agreernenk the study of materials used in the v e hicles. Brown also contributed to such advanced projectsas preliminary studies for manned orbital vehicles and tightweight surface vehicles for lunar exploration. As the prime contractar to the Propulsion and Vehicle Engineering Laboratory, Brown provides technical support to MSFC's mission to develop Saturn space boosters far America's moon program. The company has technical and professional personnel of almost every scientific discipline assigned to this task. Their work includes such activities as the analysis of the Saturn vehicle's structure, engines, and propulsion systems; the integration of major systems that are necessary to form the complete vehicle; the evaluation of r e lated ground support equipment; and MSFC's Quality and Reliability Laboratory included the development and aperatian of an automated information storage and retrieval system which provides reliability data on parts and materials used in the Apollo space program. Known as the Apolla Parts Information Center (APIC), this system is ab te to automaticajly answer the queries of ather NASA centers and industries associated with the space program. The highly sophisticated system is particularly advantageous to today's widespread, but fast moving,space program, because it accepts inquiries 24 Brown's significant contAbutions to 7% ddatrnifle the mdian of fuaf lh the h k s is beyand #e MI & ih'e esifh's ~ a v Brow? deveIcp? a unique methad Tor d f m v ethg thts condr D ~ by I kmng me fluH float En amtkr. HHeae, a Hue Ifqtrid, floafin in a red flrrfd, !s Wb~atedto s h o ~resmrJm w b t might ~e p m in the ,fuel tank a' 9 miffg kr#W whlcle. of a space v'ehi'efewhim It �hours a day and tranmiu or r-ives text?phot~gnph$,and drawtna;s over a world-wide network. In Suppart of the MSPC Test L h m bry, Brown test$ .components and subsystems far qaGe v&icles and related ground supp,rrt equipment by evaluatIng their r e d o n in hasrile mimmen&. Addithnallp, the ~ompanyde sign5 faciIitia for testi% en@& and bgaste35, and designs and buitds spe- cial fixtures that a r ~us& in w&- mental t@Tirlg. Brow<nYsrole in the space proairam at the Ma&all $pace Flight Cmtw also murrnpas pwjeas that lie beyond ,tudafi's Apnlb moon missfon. As the prime soure for m h n t d suppart ta MSFC's Research Projem Letboramry; the mmpat~yIs a prWia1 parkkipant' in scientific programs assocbtd with mads wrrt.irtut#g invstigatians o# the universe after he reachathe moan. a r c h and &velupment auppo& w a provided b r inettiat ,~idarrc~. ahd ~ m trd .equi~mmtfor a VTQL ~ v d d Wffand landinid 9ikmft- ltESEARCH ri The seIeEtSan of @to q p oj NASA's R e m d h~ i e & tabo-q at -the NASA / b lZ a r W Spwe FIEght Center IhWCl ef1ecYs s ~ !y an oar increased c q ~ b i f i t 3 e li'n ~ this parea tn additinn to p ~ m g . a s i s I s ~ ~ e potted the A m y Materiel ~pmrrtmd's to this MSN= function, Brown's BEN i b % Praft. Office In the deielop- s d ~aft3tb.Biti~ were also d h c t d meht of Pcmerid5 anti-missile missile md a c c o m p l i € a t of sdew system through the perforfia'nce of en- tifir: sftrdles for other NASA o t g a b #neering, Wi, and ahalpis t a 8 b tionst the A m y , and Navy, as we11 as Under a cunmct from the Army Mi+ #he dwekymM of new products and sile Cammand, %a rompmy dweloped tedtnolqies for the company, a guidance and control spterrt for a with MSFC*$ REnew anti-tank . n b s i l ~In a d j t i ~ n ,re- Under the con= The company made signif iamt cotrtributlona in 1965 ta the Atmy's dwelapc merit of m i a l e and aircraftpa -1 t as an automat& zystern far stouing.andre trhvlng m$ineering data. Bro,wn s ~ * �Exampfa af muM-layer cfrcuR baa& and nnfed w&Rn develcrw and manuktured gy Bawn ~ngkseringand its ruhsidia@, Elecfro-Mechanisms, Cktu/try shown above is part of Wernefw egujpment used fo trmsmff vltal dab back to Earth from Saturn space vehlclm. �of flexible printed cabling a d multilayer circuit baa& was acquired as a subsidiary. A joint venture was effected with another company specializing k data acquisiaon systems, A new division, to be housed in a modern plant a€ Lewisburg, Tennessee, was created to continue the company" telemetry and instrumentafion operations. Advances were made in the field of micmcircuitry, new products were introduced, and other products were improved to take advantage of new market putentials and advancing techndogins. last, Firrther, Ef the computer should FaiI completely, the DCE's control panel allows vehicle checkout te be performed manually, avoiding the enormous ms,t af an aborted mIssian. The DCE is capable of receiving and processing command signals controlling up ta 21116 discrete function's within the vehicle. To accomplish this gigantic feat requires approximately 13,000 electronic module assernbtia wwithin each of the nine DCE systems currently being hui lt. The DDAS receives data transm ftted from the Saturn vehicle, decodes it, and presenb it for evaluation. The cornplexity of this equipment is indicated by the fact that 103 major racks of equipment Brawn continues to be the largest supplier of telemetry and i nstrumen-tatian equipment for the Saturn program, not only to NASA, but to many of NASA's prime contracQrs as well. Thew incl ude No~th American Aviation, Boeing, Dauglas, IBM, and General dectric. Plans are underway to add a line of industrial and commercial talemetry equipment fe the aerospace and defense units Brawn builds. Telemetry equipment has appIicatians fur remote monitoring in process cuntrol, biomedicine, petrateurn, and chemical in- dustries. Perhaps the mest significant contributions to Brown's diversification in elmtronics are the subsidiary acquisltians are required. and facility expansions that took place Other contracts awarded to Brown in 1965, Engineering during 1965 include one The acquisition of Flectro-Meckanwith the Air Farce's Rome Air Develop- isms, Int., finalized in 1965, has pravan ment Center and one with NASA's to be an extremely good investment, Langtey Research Center. The Rome This young, dynamic, and profitable contract is Brown's first major research subsidiary has increased its grass sales contract with the Air Force and calls from $500,000 in 1964 to almost $3 The DCE, designed by Brown under an for the company to investigate the fun- million in 1965. Electro-Mechanisms earlier contract, incorporates a high de- damental limitations of negativeresis- has facilities in Methuen, Massachusetts, gree of reliability through the use af tance semi-conductor devices used in and Nashua, New Hampshire, and is triple-redundant voter circuitry. This communications systems, The Langley currently seeking new plant locations feature allow$ the DCE to continue to contract fe for design, development, far future expansion of its printed cirfunction in the event one of fie signals and manufacture of an aircraft-tu-air- cuit cabling and multi-layer circuit from the Saturn Ground Computer is craft ranging and altimeter system. boards. To link Saturn Y space vehicles to au- tomated checkout equipment, Brawn is building discrete control equipment (DCE) and a digltal data acquisition system (DDASI for checkout and monitoring functions before and during the launching of these vehicles. The relationship of this equipment to NAmSA's Apollo program (moon mission) is depicted on the facing page. ContmI Ewlpwnt IDCEI systems are shown herre w parts of the Saturn Ground Computer System, Also shown Is IP Digital Data Aqdsitlotr System (DDASI, being brrllt by Brawn under mntract b General Electric. A fonctlanal d@scr/ptEonof thesystms follews: (!) W L X E is kccased at the Launcher Umbi11wlTower (&LET) fu aubmat!calfy translate cwmnands from the Bturn Gmnd Corn utet Into discrete control tunet~ons !or veRicie d m m t (automstic made). The- WE may also be opemted /n ft8 manud mode $0 rnwlrrally r'nftlateconiF'o1 funcbans through a control pane) located dthes on the DCE itself (local mandmadel or UP bc 7 miles away f r e p t s manual mdBI. 121 The DDAS recervas stma& Pam the Saturn vehIek Which indicate the varl~useven& &king p/ace In the vehfcie duflng performance of uehTcYe checkout. T b m signals are tmns!atd fnta d&ifat language by the DbAS and relayed to the Saturn Ground Cornpuh far evdmtid~,The DDAS mmtlnues to mcelve data after rehkk launch through t e l m wur'p~~~ent. ~ 133 The Two of h w d s DIscreie Saturn G m n d Compuw at f h LUT is canneefed b ern )dentical eompuhr at the Launch Cantfol Center (LCCl so that the en the operation of the LW mmpmr /$ du Itcaw In the LCC carnplmv 141 A second D& is located sf the LCC and ls connecW to the LCC m p o f e r In the same wa that the flat DCE E s cannested to the computer, Thus, since hofh DCPs are funMming In fha same manner and receiviq idwEia1 inputs, the outputs are Ilkewlse ident/cat, 151 An hd!Wor panel Is ccmneeted to tha output ind df the secorPd DCE In the same way that the W r n vehtcle is connmed to the first WE. Slncs the outputs of bofh EE's are Idenikal, the Indicator panel can be made to Ino'rcate an or all of fie contra/ fmctim baing a p p d t o ~ l vee h/&. Thus, pednrmance df th& entire grdund checkout flocedure, fakM place at the LUT, ten be m i t o & af the l&,before and after /aurrch. In add~Yion, all nr any pari pf the LX checkout procedure can bs mtr&fI& manualy through tha first DCE3 &of panel. ���B R W N ENGINEERING COMPANY, IVC., AND SUBSIDlARlES Y e m ended Bembm-31, I=, a d kmhr *I, 19# -I965 . ,\ lS4 I ! . I ~e~era~'and:ad&ni~trafjve expense : . . . . . . . INCOME FROM QPERATIUNS Other deductions; tnt~restmpmw . . . 0th expmm - net . . . . . . . . . . . INCUMZ BEFORE TAXES ON INCOME T a a on inmme - Note C: Federalincgmehat~s . . . . . . . . . . . . State i n m e t a x e . . . . . . . . . . . . . TOTAL T A X B QN INCOME NET INCOME Add retained earning at bqginming wf year . . . . . . . 2,003,337 $ 3i137,315 W u a ~ $ 5 1 7dividends paid - $.XI a ahare in 1965, and 1964 146,352 RETAtNEDEARNING5ATEND OF YEAR $2,991,263 Deprecktisn and a m r t i z a i o n inciwded above: Year ended Dwernbw 31,1965 - $938,m. Year ended Chcmbw 31,1964- $ W , J 1 5 . !3emates to .amdidaid financial state man^. . . . . . . . . Warking capital at begrnntngof yeat Addilms: Cash fun& p W d & by operatiatd~: Werinramc . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ @;$ . Prmkion for depredaQanand amortleation of pmpmty, plant,equiprnmf, ad kmhald irnprravemenQ . . . . . . . . . . . Amortkatian ~f rnimltmenus quiprnmt a d y he* ~;ro.n-& expenses I n m in~Iang-mrm debt . . . . . . . . . . 5ak ef Eammm 5tuc.lc under employee slack aptiopla m,$% . . . . . . . Oducticrns: Cash $ivkhn& paid . . . . . . . . . . . Net additions t . property, ~ plant, equipment, and teamhold impravmen& M d I n r m c in maher mn-currant Working capital at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 4 m* . %' -&## - ? > ,' - �����A joint venture with Trans-Data, hcWd Another addition occurring in 1965 may scrgn r ~ ~ uinl tB m d s acqukition was tha &tabfishhentof n micrclcfrcuit of this Huntsvj IIe-based company. laboratory in the WunBville facility: Trans-Data, Inz., has qecialized =pa- Mlc~o:oelectronicpackaging tech iques Mities in the dpign and development now being developed will be used to af ground-based data acqsluhitlan sys- develop a transmitter that will send up tem. to 50 channels of data, The unique Lewisburg, lenn~ssae,b the site of asp%!& of this trahsmftter is that jjt will anather expandon of Brawn" elmren- be only one inch In diameter by five ia capabilities A new manufacturtng irr&es long, and will transmit data from plant b being built on a 30-aae sit& in with in the shaft of a rotating turbine. kwi3burg's new i n d ~ t r i a lpark. The plant will allow Brown to maintain its position as a principal supplier of te- New electronic products develaped in lemetry and Instrumentation equipment 1964 by Brown include a "sslder-lwb far the space program and will m m Ing" machine for applying proterrlve the additional floor space requirements solder a a t h g s to printed-drcult boards Fdr the M r e emergence of the com- for wttmeIy high-reliability applimtians. This machine represents s siftpany i n t ~cgntmercial markets. nificmt advance in the state of the art, hwaus i-t cah decr&a~eproduction time ahd costs o w previous methods. Weml ac-w items have been developed far the Brow- clwed-circuit tele-vEs4an canara. These Include an optleal pan/tilt/zoorn .device which enables an operator to vary the camera's field of view f m a remote lmation whik the camera itself remains stationary. The camem has also undergone tedesi~n.As a result, it can be bui tt more ecanomfally ahd offers improved reliability, performance, maintainability, and flexibility. Additianally, Brown camera can be modified so that it wjll be sensitive to infrared light far detedtion of hydrogen flm. It is expected that this modification will find the a/seaming igmlsnt e m f l y lnstaited P" "iIte" facjtlty t~ mwrt pewrfitm m t e r s &ecfly I n b m a W I e 'Y,pe O a Drqwn% Wuntw enk& md mlerufilmrecords. This &v!ce can five different type fonts at the rate 6f 2;aod &MWS per SWM, �widespread applications in both government and commercial areas. Strobe lighting is also being used in conjunction w i t h the camera, lending t o a variety of "exploring" applications: inspection of caves, drilled holes, and buried pipe lines. ing used in two major airborne navigation projects. Brown's BECON connector line has n o w been expanded t o 29 bas~ctypes, four of which were added in 1965. In addition, Brown makes 1 2 types of custom-designed BECON connectors for special applications. Another product improvement is the adaptation of the company's BECON printed-circuit connectors as microcircuit carriers. An outstanding feature of these connectors is that the microcircuits are held t o the carrier b y spring clips instead of solder, facilitating considerably the replacement of circuit elements. This approach is currently be- INFORMATION SCIENCES / Brown's capabilities in computer sciences increased significantly in 1965. A whollyo w n e d subsidiary, l n f o r m a t i o n Sciences, Inc., was established in Atlanta. A n I B M 360 computer and a Philco 6000 optical scanner were installed at the Huntsville facility, A centralized information-dissemination system was de- veloped for shipboard helicopter maintenance. A n d several extremely complex computer simulation models were developed for the U.S. Army and NASA, including an analysis of the saturation probability of a defensive missile syst e m and a detailed analysis o f a wheeled vehicle operating over the surface of the moon. Information Sciences, Inc., Brown's new subsidiary, is presently providing data processing services, automated engineering and management services, and technical publications services t o aircraft, aerospace, defense, and commercial customers, including many small Disc storage unit of IBM 360, Model 40, computer, recently installed at Brown's computer facility. This disc system offers several operating advantages over magnetic tape. �businesses throughout the Southeast. Since this subsidiary was established in Atlanta, Georgia, only last July, employment has more than doubled and branch offices have been established in four Southeastern cities: Huntsville, Birmingham, and Montgomery, Alabama, and Merritt Island, Florida. In order to better serve this market, an IBM 360, Model 40, computer was installed. In support of i t s program to develop an automated engineering data system for the U. S. Army, Brown installed an advanced optical scanner that directly converts typed words and numerals to computer symbols and transcribes them on magnetic tape. This sophisticated technique virtually eliminates the time-consuming chore of keypunching information before placing i t on tape. mission and closed-circuit television to bring the needed information to the particular shop. Brown also developed a method for the automatic writing of military speUnder a contract with the U. S. Army, cifications by computer, and a comBrown designed and developed an in- puter simulation program for evaluating formation-dissemination system for use the mobility performance of wheeled in a floating aircraft maintenance fa- vehicles on the moon's surface is becility for offshore maintenance and re- ing investigated by Brown for NASA. pair of helicopters. This system allows any of the various shops aboard ship to STRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL SYSquickly obtain maintenance and repair TEMS / Over the years Brown has esinformation from a central data storage tablished and expanded specialized unit. Brown's system, which i s micro- fabrication and testing capabilities to film oriented, utilizes facsimile trans- support the company's intimate role Test fixture in Brown Engineering's Test Laboratory for dynamic testing of rocket engine gimbals. Gimbal under test is for engine used in third stage of Saturn V space vehicle. ��I ' 1 , 1 services being provided t o NASA, the U. S. Navy, industry, municipal governments, and private citizens. to partrcipate In the manufacture and testrng of grant arms rt desrgned t o support service Irnes gorng from ground equrpment t o the Saturn vehicles. Brown also evaluated the relrability of electrical, mechanrcal, hydraulic, and pneumatic components for the Saturn ground support equrpment, and the company burlt and ~nstalledelectronrc instrumentatron equrpment for handlrng hazardous lrqurd propellants used In space vehicles. Reed-Mullrns and Associates, Brown's architects-engrneers, desrgned a new Federal Offrce Burldrng and Court House In Tuscaloosa, Alabama. The modern three-story structure wrll feature a penthouse and wrll contain approxrl~lately63,000 square feet of floor space ARCHITECTURE AND FACILITIES ENGINEERING / During 1965, Brown continued t o expand its capabilities in architecture and facilities engineering, with Brown's Facilrties Engrneerrng Department performed work on a turbrne engrne test facilrty for the U. S. Navy, completed design and construction Herbert Johnson Towers, a recently completed apartment building for the aged, was designed by Brown's Reed-Mullins and Associates. This eight-story structure is conveniently located near several of Huntsville's shopping centers and incorporates many unrque convenrences, particularly suitable to its residents. drawings for Brown's new test facility, and desrgned a thermal rnsulation test facilrty and a mobrle acoustrc research laboratory for NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flrght Center (MSFC). The m o b ~ l eacoustrc research laboratory 1s an easrly-movable acoustic test facility for exposlng large test specrmens, werghrng up to 30,000 pounds, to the tremendous nolse levels produced by a Saturn V booster whrle ~t is b e ~ n gtest fired Brown helped develop comprehenslve master plans for MSFC facrlrtres rn Huntsv~lle,Alabama, and Michoud, Loursrana, covering such Items as rarlI oads, utr lrtres, roadways, drarnage, securrty, and crvrl defense. �THE FUTURE upon the recommendation of the board of directors, a Curparate Development and Planning Committee was organized to examine the future p a l s of the company and to apply its talents te the solution of problems vital ta Bruwn's continued growth and development, This committee has developed an aggrasive plan for growth that includes sales and profit goals and acquisition plans for Brown. Further, a Future Programs Office was established to enhance the company's opportunities for participating in new government and industry research and development programs and to broaden Brawn's participation in existing programs. In the future, Brown expects to cornmand a major rota in significant new developments on earth, as well as outer spare. Aggresive goals for sales, earnings, market expansion, and technaIogical advances are a part ad this course. Such goals are considered realistic, be cause Brown's interests over the next decade parallel the demands and problems America's growing population and prusperity are expected to creak. Brown believes that it is In a strong position to make important contributions to future space developments, because of the amciation the company has with today's moon program in its work for NASA The company looks forward to increased partidpation in missile devafupment programsfor the Army, a5 well as the research and develupment t a s k sf other branches of the military, Brown also expects to be one of the companies that will contribute solu- tions to America's mass transporntian problems an earth. It believes that the same technologies that will carry man from earth to h e maan can be applied to get man from his home to his office. The company's expanding electronim capabilities promise to give Brown a significant share of the rapid growth market far large special-purpose systems, special packaging devices, microcircuitry, and closed-circuit television, Brown expects to be a prominent competitor far the virtually unlimited information retrieval and computer m i c e market. Through a subsidiary, the company has already made a position fur itself in this commercial field. As department stores, warehouses, utilities, and others turn to computers to serve their gruwlng l i n e af customers, Brown's future is expected to spiral upward in this a m . Laset. research, carried on by the company for several year% is expected to bring about significant applications for this exotic light source in medicine and industry. Spccialized design, engineering, manufacturing, and testing capabilitis within the same complex has put Brown irl an excellent position to participate in the development of major systems. The company's corrtribution~in the farm of modern hospitals, libraries, industrial plants, and other public buildings are expected to be recognized as enginears and architects are chosen for the future development of the nation's communities. The company looks to this future with optimism and enthusiasm. �BROUln E161nEERllRG FACILITIES ELECTRO-MECHANISMS, INC. ACi . - ..ISLAND, FLA. �OFFICERS1 From the top, Milton K. Cummings, President Joseph C. Moquin, Executive Vice President Robert B. Anderson, Senior Vice President WiIliam A. Giardini, Vice President Raymond C. Watson, Jt.,Vice President lack W. Hendrix, Vice President of Administration William 1. Vernon, Secretary and Treasurer DIRECTORS Milton K. Cummings, Chairman Robert B. Anderson William A. Giardini Elliot Coldstein Thomas D. johnson M. H. Lanier, jr. H. E. Monroe JosephC. Moquin Sidney IG Tally Kenneth I. Thornhill William 1. Vernon D~im, copy, art, photagraphy, 24 and printing by I s m n En~lneeringCompany �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000067 Title A name given to the resource "Annual Report of Brown Engineering Company, Inc. For the Year Ended December 31, 1965." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brown Engineering Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-02-01 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn Project (U.S.) Aerospace industries--United States--Periodicals Brown Engineering Co. Type The nature or genre of the resource Annual reports Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000051_000074 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1152/spc_stnv_000068.pdf c39baf9ea4e48c7eccfd835849cfe5ad PDF Text Text �First flight of the integrated Apollol Saturn space vehicle. First flight of the first (s-IC) and second (s-11) stages of the Saturn V launch vehicle. First engine restart in orbit of the upper (s-IVB) stage of the Saturn vehicle. First successful demonstration of Apollo spacecraft performance on entering the earth's atmosphere at speeds to be reached on return from a lunar mission. The launch vehicle placed the Apollo stage spacecraft and the third (s-IVB) into a 102.5 nautical mile orbit. After completing two orbits, the third stage re-ignited to place the Apollo spacecraft into orbit with an apogee of 9,39 1 nautical miles (10,800 statute miles). Upon separating from the third stage, the spacecraft raised its apogee to 9,769 nautical miles by firing its service propulsion system (sps) engine. A second sps burn during descent from apogee boosted re-entry velocity to more than 36,333 feet-per-second (21,800 knots) for the command module. The command module, protected by its heat shield, re-entered the atmosphere. The command module"^ lift capability was used to split re-entry heating into two pulses. Drogue and main parachutes functioned normally and the spacecraft at splashdown was sighted from the deck of the prime recovery vessel, USS Bennington. The landing point was some 18,500 yards west of the aiming point. The Saturn first stage (v s-IC) and second stage (s-11) performed a s planned on their maiden flight. The third stage (s-I-) had flown four times earlier as the second stage of the Uprated Saturn 1. Commenting on Apollo 4 mission results at a postflight press conference, NASA Deputy Administrator Dr. Robert C . Seamans said, "Today we placed in earth orbit over 280,000 pounds. T o give this some perspective, this is three times the weight of the six manned Mercury spacecraft and the ten manned Gemini spacecraft that we have flown." "And I believe," Seamans continued, "that this is a clear indication that our team of government, industry and university people was not found wanting, and that we do have the capacity in this country to be preeminent not only in space, but in all human endeavor in- �volving science and technology. The power of the Saturn V is exceeded many-fold by our power in this country to accomplish the near impossible for the good of all mankind." The hellish heat generated at blast7ff put a piece of Collins equipment to s most diabolical test. The equipment, RADIC (from RAdio Interior Commication) station, was located only feet from the thundering rocket. i e n the launch area cooled down )ugh for NASA personnel to inspect effects of liftoff, they found the aDIC station torn from its mount, ilging by its coaxial cable and the tubig used to purge the unit with inert 3s. All the control knobs were melted ~d the circuit cards were vibrated 3ose. But when the NASA personnel e-seated the cards, the station played is well as any of its some 2,000 counterparts at Launch Complex 39. These RADIC stations are used by NASA personnel for communication during tssembly, checkout and launch operaions. The success of Apollo 4 has rekinled America's hope of rocketing astroauts to the moon and back by the end f this decade. Recently NASA anounced a new schedule for reaching - this goal. In the revised Apollo schedule, command, service and lunar modules will be tested and qualified on concurrent unmanned flights of the uprated Saturn and Saturn V launch vehicles. (Apolloluprated Saturn flights are identified with a two-hundred series number, i.e.,ApollolSaturn 204. Saturn V flights are identified with a fivehundred series number, i.e., Apollol Saturn 502.) The schedule for 1968: Apollo/Saturn 204, the first unmanned test of the lunar module in earth orbit. ApollolSaturn 502, s e c o n d unmanned flight test of the Saturn V launch vehicie and command and service modules. ApollolSaturn 503, third unmanned test of the Saturn V and command and service modules. Apollo/Saturn 206, s e c o n d unmanned flight test of the lunar module in earth orbit. ApollolSaturn 205, first Apollo manned flight, a 10-day mission qualifying the command and service modules for further manned operations. ApolloISaturn 504, first manned Apollo flight on the Saturn V launch vehicle. This mission will provide the first manned operation in space with the command and service and lunar modules, including crew transfer from the c s r s ~to the LM and rendezvous and docking. These flights will be flown in the above order and as rapidly as all necessary preparations can be completed. As they proceed, all opportunities to accelerate progress toward manned flights and a rapid accumulation of manned experience with the Apollol Saturn system will be sought. The 1969 Apollo flight schedule calls for five manned ApollolSaturn flights (A/S505 through AIS 509). Four of these flights, A/S 505 through 508, are programmed as lunar mission development flights or simulations. It is possible that the lunar landing a. Recovery ship Bennington prepares to hoist aboard scorched command module. b. Apollo 4 took this photo of earth from an altitude of 9,850 nautical miles. View is looking southwest over Atlantic. c. Astronauts train in command module for upcoming manned flights. d. This RADIC station, only 30 feet from Apollo 4 at blastoff, withstood tremendous heat and vibration; yet it still played. �could be made on the ApollolSaturn 509, but it is also possible that the landing may be delayed until one of the remaining six Saturn V flights. Unified S-band spacecraft communication equipment and ground tracking1 communication systems provided by Collins performed significant roles in the highly successful Apollo 4 test flight. The unmanned command module system performed these functions: Two-way telemetry transmission. Receiving and automatic retransmission of ranging signals to determine orbital velocity and position of the spacecraft. Recovery communication. This was the third space flight test of the spacecraft communication system, it having been used on two previous unmanned Apollo test flights. In future manned flights, the system will provide two-way voice communication for astronauts and television transmission from spacecraft to earth. The new unified S-Band ground tracking1communication network, for which Collins is prime contractor, was tested for the first time with an Apollo spacecraft during the Apollo 4 mission. This network includes 12 stations with 30-foot antennas and three stations with 85-foot antennas. Eleven of the 30-foot stations and one of the 85-foot stations were used for communication with and tracking the spacecraft. Also employed during the mission was the tracking ship Vanguard, which has Collins systems aboard. Eventually the new USB ground network will be used for all tracking, communication and data acquisition on all Apollo missions, including the flight to land astronauts on the moon and return them safely to earth. The spacecraft communication and data system is provided by Collins under contract to North American Rockwell Corp., and the USB ground network system is provided under contract to NASA'sGoddard Space Flight Center. Both the spacecraft and ground systems will be used throughout Project Apollo. USB combines near-earth and deepspace communication requirements in a single band of radio frequencies. The communication and data system also employs VHF for near-earth and command module-to-lunar module communications. For recover operations, VHF and HF provide the communication link. USB replaces C-Band, used in Mercury and Gemini, for ranging; although continued use of C-Band is programmed along with USB in initial Apollo flights. Design of the USB system was based on the coherent doppler and pseudorandom range technique, developed by NASA'sJet Propulsion Laboratory, and used in previous unmanned deep space probes. This technique involves a ground-based transmitting and receiving station, working in conjunction with a spacecraft transponder. A single carrier frequency is utilized in each direction for the transmission of all tracking and communications data between the spacecraft and ground. The voice and up-date data are modulated onto subcarriers and then combined with the ranging data. This composite information is used to phase-modulate the transmitted carrier frequency. The received and transmitted carrier frequencies are coherently related: This allows measurements of the carrier doppler frequency by the ground station for precise determination of the radial velocity of the spacecraft. Voice and telemetry data from the spacecraft are modulated onto subcarriers, combined with the ranging signals, and used to phase modulate the down-link carrier frequency. The This transportable unified S-band tracking and communication station is bdng used in the lunar landing program. Station is one of I5 built by Collins for NASA3s Goodard Space Flighr Center, which is responsible for the worldwide Manned Space Flight Network. 20 �spacecraft S-Band transponder transmitter also can be frequency modulated for transmitting television, analog data, or recorded voice and data. The ground-command module uplink frequency in the phase-modulation mode is 2106.4 MHz. The coherently related down-link command moduleearth frequency in the phase-modulation mode is 2287.5 MHz. A second down-link frequency, 2272.5 MHz, operates in the FM mode. Simultaneous transmissions can be made on all three S-Band frequencies. In the frequency modulation mode, however, television by itself can be transmitted or analog datalrecorded voice and data can be sent, but not simultaneously. The communication and data system is actually a subsystem of the command module, provided by North American Rockwell to NASA. AS communication and data subsystem manager, Collins was responsible not only for the system engineering, system testing, and management of the program but also for the design and manufacture of certain of the equipments. They include: Audio center - A solid-state audio amplification and control unit providing a complete and independently operated audio station for each astronaut. Furnishes each crew member with microphone and earphone amplifiers, diode switching circuits that control audio signals to and from operating RF equipment or an intercom system, and vox circuitry to permit voice keying of transmitters. Three electrically identical groups of audio and switching circuitry are contained in 3 1 small, encapsulated cordwood assemblies, housed in a gasket-sealed aluminum case. S-bandpower amplifier-A travelingwave-tube power amplifier for highpower amplification of the low-level outputs of transponder. The PA unit contains two independent power amplifiers, either of which can be used to amplify either t h e p ~or FM frequency mode. Two power levels, approximately 2.5 and 11 watts, are provided. The power amplifier is packaged in a sealed pressurized case, about 5.75 inches wide, 6 inches high and 22 inches long. The PA weighs 32 pounds. Pre-modulation processor- It provides the signal multiplexing and interfacing between voice, data, television and recording equipment, and command module RF transmitting and receiving equipment. When the premodulation processor is used in con- View from atop Apollo 4 before launch from Kennedy Space Center shows approaching mobile service structure, which is used to ready launch vehicle and spacecraft for flight. junction with the transponder, both perform many communication functions that otherwise would require separate transmitters and receivers. The pre-modulation processor functions for all S-band transmission and reception except the ranging signal and provides interfacing with u s s for command module-lunar module communition via VHF/AM. The pre-modulatioq processor is of solid-state design with redundant circuitry and modular construction. Weight is 1 1.3 pounds. The unit is approximately 4.7 inches wide, 6 inches high and 10.5 inches long. HF transceiver - Employed for longrange direction finding and voice communication during landing and recovery phases of mission. Operable in single sideband, compatible AM or cw modes on preassigned carrier frequency of 10.006 MHz. Power output is 20 watts PEP in sss, and 5 watts carrier in AM and cw. Transceiver is enclosed in a machined aluminum case, 4 inches wide, 6 inches high and 8.5 inches long. Weight is 6.3 pounds. VHF recovery beacon-A solid-state tone-modulated AM transmitter that provides signal for line-of-sight radio direction finding during landing and recovery operations. Recovery beacon This multiple exposure freezes 30-foot S-band antenna in three positions as it sweeps from horizon to horizon. The Manned Space Flight Network includes 12 30-footers. �transmits with 3-watt minimum power at 243 MHz. It has an automatic transmission interruption cycle of 2 seconds on and 3 seconds off. Unit consists of a modulator-regulator assembly and an RF amplifier-oscillator assembly. Weight is 2.5 pounds, and dimensions are 4 inches wide. 4 inches hiah - and 6.75 inches long. Other elements of the spacecraft communication and data system are a VHF AM transmitter-receiver for nearearth and recovery communication, unified S-band equipment (two phaselocked transponders and an FM transmitter), PCM telemetry equipment, data storage equipment, and a VHF triplexer for simultaneous operation of three channels on a single antenna. The normal spacecraft-earth voice communication channel is via U S B . Voice and telemetry signals originating in the spacecraft modulate a subcarrier in the pre-modulation processor. The subcarrier is routed to the unified S-band equipment, where it modulates one of the two redundant transponder transmitters. The output of the S-band equipment may be routed directly to the S-band antenna system or first passed through the S-band power amplifier, where it is amplified to one of two selectable power levels. The communications and tracking for Apollo is provided by elements of the Manned Space Flight Network, built for Mercury, augmented for Gem. . - - . . in1 and turther e x ~ a n d e dto. meet - .. t.h .e uniquc requirements of Apollo. The b. present Manned Space Flight Network, managed for NASA by Goddard Space Flight Center, involves not only NASA, but also elements of the Department of Defense and several foreign countries. Several of the stations, including instrumentation ships, are operated by the DOD. Stations in Australia are operated by Australians under participating agreements with the Australian government. The Manned Space Flight Network may be regarded as a real-time, global extension of the monitoring and control capabilities of the Manned Space Flight Control Center in Houston. In order to accomplish this extension, it is necessary to have an effective world-wide communications network. The communications network, in fact, becomes one of the most important items in the support of the mission. I I �* a. Eighty-ftve-foot antenna belongs to the unified S-band station at Canberra, Australia. b. North American technicians install communication system in boiler-plate command module. c. Collins test technician and supervisor conduct bench test ofApollo command module communication and data system equipment. �The most significant electronics system addition to the network for support of the Apollo lunar progrant is the Unified S-Band System. Collins is prime contractor for the USB System's ground-based stations-three 85-foot stations and twelve 30-foot stations. The three 85-foot stations, which will provide the primary lunar distance communications, are a t Goldstone, Calif.; Madrid, Spain, and Canberra, Australia. Thirty-foot stations are at Kennedy Space Center, Florida; Antigua Island; Ascension Island; Bermuda; Canary Islands; Grand Bahama Island; Carnarvon, Australia; Guam; Hawaii; Guaymas, Mexico; Corpus Christi, Texas, and Goddard Space Flight Center. Functions of the 30-foot stations include pre-launch and in-flight checkout of the spacecraft, filling of gaps in coverage of the 85-foot stations, and tracking and communication during orbit. Each USB station includes a rotating dish antenna, which automatically locks on and follows the course of the spacecraft, and electronic equipment for transmitting, receiving, modulating and demodulating signals. Each station is linked by various landline and radio circuits to the Mission Control Center at Houston and Goddard Space Flight Center, Md. The USE System replaces several antennas and different links required for tracking and communications with the spacecraft. The voice and data are modulated onto the same RF carrier used for the tracking function. Output from the USB System is used to drive the data demodulating and processing equipment developed and used for Project Gemini. I n the Apollo program, the us3 network will be required to support up to three vehicles in earth orbit-the command module, the lunar module, and the Saturn s-IVB. Support is required for earth-orbital Apollo missions, the L/M-command module rendezvous tests, and the checkout of all three vehicles in earth orbit prior to injection into the lunar phases of the missions. Support of both the L/M and command module throughout the lunar mission and the command module during the re-entry phase of the mission is, of course, the prime role of the USB System. Since the USB System is mandatory for the lunar missions, it must be Technician mans console of Bermuda 30-foot station, one of 12 such stations in the MannedSpace Flight Nefwork. checked out and proven capable of supporting manned missions during the early Apollo flights, as it was during Apollo 4. The unified system approach was adopted primarily because it offers a superior technical solution and reduces spacecraft equipment requirements. A number of the Unified S-Band Stations have dual capability; that is, they are capable of performing doppler and range measurements as well as receiving data and voice from two spacecraft simultaneously. The 85-foot stations are spaced at approximately equal intervals of longitude around the earth to provide continuous coverage of lunar missions. Three Deep Space Instrumentation Facilities, located near the USB stations, serve as backup stations. Both instrumentation ships and aircraft will play a primary role in support of the Apollo program. The Apollo mission requires burning of the space vehicle engine in areas where it is not practical or possible to provide coverage from the land-based stations. Instrumentation coverage will be provided during these critical phases of mission by the ships and aircraft. They will also be used to provide data during the re-entry phases of the mission in areas where coverage from land stations rs not available. Putting men on the moon, man's most audacious undertaking, will put to the acid test much of modern technology. Collins, in its participation in Project Apollo, is determined that its communication technology will pass this critical test. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000068 Title A name given to the resource "Apollo 4 Spurs Lunar Landing Program." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-11-09 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn Project (U.S.) Project Apollo (U.S.) Saturn launch vehicles Apollo spacecraft Flight tests Type The nature or genre of the resource Clippings Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 23, Folder 70 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000051_000074 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1153/spc_stnv_000069.pdf 6c92c6333b33c9db43bdc6e18470ad6d PDF Text Text Reproduced for N A S A by the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility -..-"-./ FFNo 474 S e p t 65 ��Wl-*.--~.-I^IYi Y-rr*- & ,. -1 * ' A ' * . ----+. d . . # . " * * LI Distribution Must Be Authorized . I I This document will not be indexed or announced in Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports. The Document has received partial Descriptive cataloging only. i i , 1 i i I I I I i1 I 1 I I Available to NASA Offices and NASA Centers Only. 'No 7 9 3 . July 1966 I 1 �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG ENGINEERING ADPS RECORDS U N I T DOCUMENTATION CONTROL SECTION ENGINEERIKG DOCUMENTATION BRANCH VEHICLE SYSTEMS D I V I S I O N PROPULSION AND VEHICLE ENGINEERING LABORATORY GEORGE C. MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT (=ENTER �APOLU) INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT UX; ABSTRACT T h i s l o g i s p u b l i s h e d f o r N a t i o n a l Aeronautics and Space A d m i n i s t r a t i o n H e a d q u a r t e r s , Washingtor,, D. C. by t h e George C. M a r s h a l l Space F l i g h t C e n t e r and i s a l i s t i n g , i n alpha-numeric sequence by e f f e c t i v i t y of Apollo I n t e r f a c e documents and r e v i s i o n s r e l e a s e d and s c h e d u l e d t o b e r e l e a s e d f o r S a t u r n ZB, and S a t u r n V v e h i c l e s w i t h r e s p e c t t o Apollo. The i n f o r m a t i o n l i s t e d i n t h i s r e p o r t i s o b t a i n e d from I n t e r f a c e C c n t r o l Document Log I n p u t Fo,rms (MSFC Form 2053) s u b m i t t e d t o M a r s h a l l Space F l i g h t C e n t e r by t h e r e s p o n s i b l e I n t e r f a c e Panels. T h i s l o g i s p u b l i s h e d monthly, r e f l e c t i n g a l l d a t a r e l e a s e d p r i o r t o t h e 2 5 t h day of t h e p r e c e d i n g month, and s u p e r s e d e s a l l p r e v i o u s e d i t i o n s . IAOl �CHG - DS' - Change: A s t e r i s k (*) i n d i c a t e s change from p r e v i o u s e n t r y . S i n g l e p l u b (+) i n d i c a t e s s c h e d u l e d r e l e a s e d a t e i s w i t h i n 60 d a y s o f b e i n g d e l i n q u e n t . Double p l u s (-I+)i n d i c a t e s s c h e d u l e d r e l e a s e d a t e i s w i t h i n 30 d a y s o f b e i n g d e l i n q u e n t . T r i p l e p l u s (ftF) i n d i c a t e s s c h e d u l e d r e l e a s e d a t e i s d e l i n q u e n t . L e t t e r i n d i c a t i n g s i z e o f document. DOCUMENT NUMBER REVISION NOTICE Numerical i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f document. Numerical i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f I n t e r f a c e R e v i s i o n N o t i c e . DOC REV The r e v i s i o n l e t t e r o f a document. Dash (-) i n d i c a t e s no r e v i s i o n . 1X)CUMENT TITLE OR CCBD NUMBER F u l l t i t l e o f document may b e a b b r e v i a t e d a n d / o r t h e C o n f i g u r a t i o n C o n t r o l Board D i r e c t i v e number. SCHED REL DATE D a t e document (and e a c h r e v i s i o n ) i s s c h e d u l e d t o b e r e l e a s e d by t h e P a n e l f o r t e c h n i c a l use. ACTUAL REL DATE D a t e document i s r e l e a s e d b y t h e P a n e l t o t h e R e p o s i t o r y . PANEL CODE I n t e r f a c e P a n e l r e s p o n s i b l e f o r document. INTERFACE AREA OR CEI NUMBER A coded n u m e r i c a l i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f t h e I n t e r f a c e Area o r t h e C o n t r a c t End I t e m number. - PREPARING CENTER ACTIVITY C e n t e r and a c t i v i t y t h a t p r e p a r e d document. �EXPLANATION OF 'ECJ~IATOF INTERFACE DOCUMENT LOG FOR APOLLO (CONTINUED) NOTES: 1. A Scheduled R e l e a s e d a t e of 9-09-99 2. S e l e c t i o n o f "Sched Re1 Dates" i s based o n t h e workload i n v o l v e d i n c o m p l e t i n g t h e document a t a t i m ~which a l l o w s f o r reasonable r e v i s i o n s p r i o r t o completion of f a b r i c a t i o n o r o p e r a t i o n a l procedures. 3. R e q u e s t s f o r c o p i e s o f I C D 1 s may b e s u b m i t t e d by t e l e p h o n e o r ,MSFC Form 4 3 3 , Request f o r Documentation, t o t h e George C . M a r s h a l l S p a c e F l i g h t C e n t e r , Documentation R e p o s i t o r y Branch (MS-D), B u i l d i n g 4494, t e l e p h o n e 876-1371 o r 876-7532, H u n t s v i l l e , Alabama 35812. The Documentation R e p o s i t o r y Branch s h a l l r e f e r r e q u e s t s w i t h a d o u b t f u l "Need-to-know" t o t h e T e c h n i c a l S t a f f Off i c e (R-S) i n d i c a t e s t h e Scheduled Released d a t e i s not determined. . �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PANEL CODES PANEL Me~;;?!nicdl I n t e g r z t ion E l e c t r i c a l S y s tenis I n t e g r a t i o n F l i g h t M e c h a n i c s , Dynamics & C o n t r o l Flight Evaluation Crew S a f e t y F l i g h t Control Operaticns I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n & Communication Launch O p e r a t i o n s LO SUB-PANELS Electrical F i r i n g A c c e s s o r i e s & M e c h a n i c a l GSE F a c i l i t i e s & Complexes P r o p e l l a n t s & Gases INTERFACE AREA DESCRIPTION CODES CODE - DESCRIPTION CODE - DESCRIPTION L a u n c h V e h i c l e (LAW VEH) S - I , S - I B , S-IC s -1I S-IV, S-IVB Dynamic T e s t V e h i c l e (DTV) I n s t r u m e n t U n i t (IU) Subordinate Interfaces Q-Eall A d a p t e r ( S e r v i c e Module) E x t e n s i o n ( S e r v i c e Module) Flight Trajectory I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n & Communication Spacecraft L a u n c h E s c a p e S y s tern (LES) Command Module (CM) S e r v i c e Module (SM) L u n a r E x c u r s i o n Module (LEM) LEM A s c e n t S t a g e LEM L a n d i n g S t a g e F l i g h t Control RangeIGround O p e r a t i o n a l S u p p o r t S y s t e m ( R/ GOS S) H o u s t o n (MCC-H) Mission Control Center Ground S u p p o r t Equipment (GSE) Launch Complex GSE L a u n c h v e h i c l e GSE (LAW VEH GSE) S p a c e c r a f t GSE P r o p e l l a n t L o a d i n g GSE (PL GSE) F a c i l i t i e s GSE (FAC GSE) T r a n s p o r t V e h i c l e (TRANS VEH) I n s c r u m e n t a t i o n & Communication GSE (INSTR & COFM GSE) , L a u n c h Complex (LC 3 4 , 3 7 , and 39) KSC Launch Complex 34 E C Launch ~ o m p l e x e s34 a n d 37 L a u n c h Complex H a n d l i n g Equipment L a u n c h Complex T r a n s p o r t Equipment KSC L a u n c h Complex 37 KSC Launch Complex 39 - L a u n c h I n f o r m a t i o n Exchange F a c i l i t i e s (LIEF) M i s c e l l a n e o u s (MISC) �THIS I S A SUPPLEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION LIST FOR APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG (1A01) FOR THE MONTHLY RUN DATED 7 / 2 9 / 6 6 MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER . I-MO-F (R. L. C h a n d l e r ) I-I/IB-SIVB, I-I/IB-GR I-I/IB-u I -MT -MGR . R-ASTR-I (2) (2) I-v-IU I-v-SIC I-v-SII I-I/IB-SIB GENERAL ELECTRIC CORPORATION MANNED SPACECRAFT CEXTER General E l e c t r i c Corporation A p o l l o S u p p o r t Department P. 0. Box 2500 Daytona Beach, F l o r i d a 32015 A t t e n t i o n : G.D.-4/A. Lyman (MA- 2D) A 14 (3) EB5 OF PF pH ( 2 ) PR PS5 ( 2 ) PS6 (12) (Mr. Cohen) PS7 RASPO-Bethpage, L.Z. (Mr. J o h a n s e n ) Grumrnan A i r c r a f t Co.-Bethpage, L.I. (Mr. Kangas, c / o RASPO) RASPO-M.I.T. Cambridge, Mass. (Mr. Rhine) RASPO-Downey, C a l i f . , (Mr. Ridnous) ' (5) KENNEDY SPACE CENTER PPR ( P l a n s , Programs, & R e s o u r c e s ) (48) (Mr. Wagner) OFFICE MANNED SPACE FLIGHT OMSF-MA (11) (Mr. Winn) NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC. M r . Marvin T o o l e y , S-ID 12214 Lakewood Blvd Downey, C a l i f o r n i a % B u i l d i n g 8 6 (692-401) TOTAT,: A l l a d d i t i o n s , d e l e t i o n s , q u e s t i o n s , a n d / o r problems c o n c e r n i n g t h i s l i s t a r e t o b e r e f e r r e d t o Nr. blndison E s t e s , R-P&VE-VSD, 876-5910. 103 (4) �DATE 2 9 JUL 66 -- --- -- -) --,= H C; I AO? APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL 335UMtfLT 1 G r C ~ h * ' s T r iT14YE C O S T 6 3 L) S DOCUMENT NUMBER? '3R R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER A XU TO SPACECRAFT PHYS REQ SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE 02-10-65 MI PREPAI INTERFACE AREAS CENTEl OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V l 000-1 00 MSFC-F �DATE 29 J U L 66 PAGE -- --- -- SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO D A Y R MO D A YR CODE . D S DOCUMENTNUMBERo OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ---2 PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVTTY - B ' L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT PROCEDURAL REQ ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 5 B L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT F U N C T I O N A L REQ ICD-CCBD 201-66-0145 * IRN-CCBD 201-66-0145 IRN-CCBD 201-66-0175 - D 13M20217 - I U TO SPACECRAFT PHYS REQMTS ICD-CCBD 201-66-0170 IRN-CCBD 201-66-0170 IRN-CCBD - 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 2 IRN-CCBD 201-66-0170 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 7 SPACECRAFT T O Q B A L L PHYS REQ IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 8 IRN-CCBD 201-66-0198 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 8 ENVELOPE L E M / S - I V B / I U CLEARANCE PHY ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 4 8 SATURN/APOLLO FREQ P L A N ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 5 6 . EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 201-66-0114 08-17-65 IC 000-100 MSFC-ASTR �C / 1 I AOI APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATt 29 JUL 6 6 _7) PA( -- --- -- -1 c H G 1 --- D S - DOCUMENT NUMBER? OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------------------- --- ........................................ A L V TO SC ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD I RN-CCBD AFRMOll I / C 201-66-0059 201-66-0059 20 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 8 INTERFACE SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL NO DA YR Y O DA YR CODE -------- --------- ------ PREP, I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENT1 ACTI' OR C E I NUMBERS ---- % .---,. 06-14-65 IC 000-100 MS FC- I3 D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SAT I B ONBOARD EDS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 1 08-06-65 CS 000-10C MSFC - 02-28-66 C-S 000-100 MSFC- 03-18-65 €1 230-300 MSFC 08-12-65 €1 300-100 MSC 10-05-65 E-I 220-230 MSC-E 08-06-65 E l 220-2 5 0 MSFC- 04-09-65 El 210-220 MSFC- - EDS L I M I T S ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 2 5 E L E C I C D ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 COMP I N T F A SOFTWARE I C D - A C E S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 - COMP I N T E R F A C E PROGRAMMING REQUIREMENTS SC-0 1 1 / S A - 2 0 2 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 2 A LV ESE TO PROPELLANT SYS AND ECS IRN-CCBD 20 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 9 - LV NO NO NO NO NO NO NO ESE TO LAUNCH EQUIPMENT IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD , ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED 4 - SAT 18 LV E S E T O SC ESE �. A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 65 PAGE -- --- -- . DOCUMENT NUMBER, DR R E V 1 S I o N N O T I C E SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO DA YR CODE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER _ --_-------------------........................................ 5 4 P K E P A R IPIG I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTE' OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V . . . r -------- -------- ------ --------------- --------- I ICD-CCBD 201-65-0042 IRN-CCBD 201-66-0180 IRN-CCBD 201-66-0180 I RN-CCBD 201-66-0308 NO IRN-CCBD E N T E R E D I R N - C C 8 0 20 1-66-033 1 .IRN-CCBD 201-66-0331 4 40M37528 B I N S T U N I T T O S P A C E C R A F T E L E C T REQ 1 40M37532 A D E S O F SAT S A - 2 0 2 + APOLLO S C - O l l ICD-CCBD 201-66-0220 NO IRN-CCBD E N T E R E D R 2 EDS 03-11-66 E-I MSFC-ASTR 05-09-66 C-S F1SFC-ASTR A E D S CHECKOUT S C H E M A T I C S ICD-CCBD 20 1-65-0046 NO IRN-CCBD E N T E R E D \ 50M12614 - 07-1 5-66 IC 280-290 MSFC-ASTR 07-1 5-66 IC 280-290 MSFC-ASTR 07-15-66 IC 280-290 MSFC- ' IC SEE-DWG MSFC-ASTR S / C ESE/GSE 07-23-65 LOFC 230-340 A L C 3 4 DATA T R A N S M I S S I O N S Y S ( W I D E BAND) NO IRN-CCBD E N T E R E D - NO IRN-CCBD E N T E R E D .09-24-65 LOFC 230-340 A L C 3 4 F A C I L I T Y INST. 02-02-65 LO-FC DEF SAT I B S R S C T E S T ENCOD/LC-34+LC-37 - DEF - DEF - DEF S R S C DECODER/LC-34 + LC-37 INTF S A T I B S R S C IND .PANEL/LC-34+LC-37 S A T I B S R S C CODE PLUG/DECODER B L C 3 4 S I T E PLAN-FACILITY-TO CABLING SYSTEM INTF 07-15-66 KSC R' * �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DDCUMEiUT L C t \ H 0 f. - c7 ) PAG -- --- - DATE 2 9 JUL 66 I 1 IA01 --- DOCUMENT NUMBEKp 3 2 REVISION NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT TITLE OR C C B D NUMBER -------------------- --- -----------_--_-------------------------- - L C 3 4 AC E L E C T POWER SYSTEM A L C 3 4 SAT I B S / C 65 I C D 5 0 0 7 , - LC-34 TRANP. 0 3 - 1 5-65 LOFC 230-340 KSC-F 12-02-65 LOFC 230-340 KSC-El 02-28-66 LOEL 230-340 KSC 08-1 1-65 LOEL 210-340 KSC-L' 09-14-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-E ESE/GSE 06-03-65 LOFC 230-340 KSC-F ESE/GSE 07-23-65 LOFC 230-340. KSC-E GSE P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC S I C FLD SYS L C 3 4 S S NO fRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED B L C 3 4 S E R V I C E STRUCTURE -TO NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED, S/C --------_-- --- ----KSC-F A L C 3 4 HAZARD PROOF MONXTORIMG FOR S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED E 651CD5200 R 1 R 2 R 3 R 5 R 6 -a_--- 230-340 ROUTES CONTROL CENTER-S/C ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED -------*-- LOFC HAZARD PROOFING S / C ESE/GSE B L C 3 4 LAUNCH NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD -------- PREPA I N T E R F A C E AREAL CENTE OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV 11-25-64 D LC 3 4 CSM E S E T O F A C C A B L I N G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - SCHED 4CTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA Y R CODE �' APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 J U L 66 PAGE -- --- -- Ll S DOCUMENT NUMBER, DR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV SCHED ACTUAL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO D A YR CODE REL CCBD DOCUMENT T I T L E OR NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NUMBER f --- PREPhRING INTERFACE A R E A S CE?d' OR C E I NUM8ERS ACflVITY - ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED A L C 3 4 PAD AREA TO S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 07-23-65 ESE/GSE LOFC i C L C 3 4 PAD AREA MECH GSE 09-16-64 LOFC 230-340 KSC-F - FUNCT I N T E R F A C E REQ ECS L C 3 4 S/C-GSE 01-27-65 LOPG 100-340 KSC-K-DT - FUNC I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 4 S / C GSE 09-1 5-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-euv FUNC I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 4 S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED GSE 09-1 5-65 LOPG ' 100-230 KSC-EDV FUNC I N T F REQMTS GOX LC34 S / C GSE - - - C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED L C 3 4 SERV STRUCTURE-GSE-LAUNCH - -. I A L C - 3 4 I N T E R F A C E S / C GSE T O UMB THR NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A L C 3 4 UT P I P NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD I 09-15-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV 04-05-66 LOFC 230-340 KSC-FCV 06-1 8 - 6 5 LO-FC 200-340 XSC-P9VE F L D SYS VEHICLE ' �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E COPIT R O L OOCUMENT LL' PAC; -- --- -- C H u G S --. 3 IA01 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 1 j - DOCUMENT NUMBER* 3K R E V I S I O N N O T I C E .................... DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ---------------------------------------- SCHED ACTU4L R E L DATE R E L d A T E PANEL MO DA YR NO DA YR CODE PREPAl I N T E R F A C E A k E A S CElVTEl OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV. ------PC -------.---...?--C-. --I-)-.=--- ------- ------ ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 1 4 0 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED I A LC34 PAD AREA/GSE-L/V ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 1 3 8 - 09-29-65 LO-FC 220-340 KSC-EL: 01-1 0 - 6 6 LO-FC 000-340 KSC-EC 10-06-65 LO-EL 220-340 MSFC-0 05-28-65 LO-EL 220-340 MS FC-b 08-12-65 LOEL 220-340 MSFC-E 02-1 8-66 LO-EL 220-200 MSFC-8 MSFC COUNT CLOCK TO KSC T I M I N G ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 9 06-09-65 LO-EL 200-240 MSFC-6 LV ESE TO KSC D A T A MEASUREMENTS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 6 12-1 5-65 L C 3 4 PHY I N T F S - I B STAGE TO HOLDDOWN ARM ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 1 3 9 A t V ESE TO F A C I L I T Y C A B L I N G L C - 3 4 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 4 4 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - - L V ESE T O RANGE SEQUENCING L C - 3 4 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 6 LV NO NO NO E S E TO F A C I L I T Y AC POWER L C - 3 4 IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCSD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED A L V ESE TO I N S T R S Y S ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 8 A 65ICD5605 - + RECORDERS LO-EL 220-340 MSFC-6 �IAOl APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE -- --- -- DATE 29 J U L 66 DOCUMENT NUMBERI R R E V I S I O N NOTICE R (J j1 8 --- i3 '.- DOC REV - SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL H O DA YR MO DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER IRN-CCBD 1 - 2 0 1-66-0146 L V ESE TO WATER DELUGE SYSTEM ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 0 PHY I C D S - I V B A PHY I C D ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRM-CCBD IRN-CCBD PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y -------- -------- ----- ----------- B SAT* T O P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC APS PPOP . ICD-CCBO 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 1 4 2 51CD5741 1 APS PORTABLE VALVE BOX APS HODULES ON L A U VEH/SAT 201-66-143 201-66-0143 201-66-0239 201-66-0234 IB A PHY I C D PNEUMATIC CONSOLE DSV-40-433 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 ---------- 3' 0, 05-28-65 LO-EL 220-340 HSFC-ASTR 02-1 1-66 LO-PG 220-347 MSFC-EDV 07-26-65 LOPG 220-340 KSC-P+VE 11-10 - 6 5 LO-FA 040-347 HSFC-EDV ~3 '-) ./ A P I P I N G C R I T E R I A S - I V B APS PNEU U N I T S / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 5 . IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 A PHY I C D PNEUMAT IC. CONSOLE DSV-4B-432/ ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 8 . IB 11-1 0 - 6 5 LO-FA 040~347 MSFC-EDV 0. \- 10-25-65 03-02-66 LO-FA LO-FA 220-347 220-347 KSC-K-DT KSC-K-DT 0 a, I -0. 1 �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LC:; D A T t 29 JUL 66 -- --- -SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA Y R CODE C E ' * D S DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OK R E V I S I O N N O T I C E - - -------------------- DOC REV -Y- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER A PHY I C D PNEUMATIC CONSOLE D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 6 / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 * J 65ICD5883 * R J 651C05888 '> R 7 9 -\ J 651CD5889 R 1 ...-------------------- ---LO-FA 220-347 KSC- 04-12-65 LO-FA 220-347 KSC- A P I P I N G C R I T E R I A S I V B STAGE PNEU SUP SYS NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 02-04-66 LOFA 040-347 MSFC A PHY I C D AFT UMB SWING ARM NO 2 S - I V B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 01-21-66 COFA 040-347 PSFC A PHY I C D FWD UMB S H I N G ARM NO 3 S - I V B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 0 1 - 2 1-66 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC A PHY I C D I U UMB SWING ARM NO 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 03-1 5-66 LOFA 090-34'1 MSFC 08-02-65 LOFA 010-347 KSC- 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC- - - 1 2 3 5 d -*---.---- 03-02-66 1 i R R R * -------- , 3 - PRE I N T E R F A C E AREAS CEN OR C E I NUMBERS ACT - PHY I C D HEAT EXCHANGER O S V - 4 8 - 4 3 8 / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 P H Y I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED PHY I C D UMB CONN S - I B / I B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERFD (SH C M A S T I I ) SH M A S T I V . , ��< * I il i I i i -> ?' APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT 101; -; D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- , f / fi Ci H D s DOCUMENTNUMBER? j i R t v I s I o N NOTICE DOC Riv SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ........................................ P INTERFACE AREPS C OR C E I NUMBERS A P I P I N G C R I T E R I A INSTRUMENT U N I T L C 3 4 - 3 7 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 8 12-30-65 LO-FA 220-347 M PHY I C D VACUM M O N I T O R I N G CONSOLE SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 1 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 5 01-10-66 LO-FA 040-347 K. 18 PHY I C D I U C O O L I N G U N I T L C 3 4 ALTERNATE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 3 PHY I N T F CONT DUG IU FLOW CONT VALVE BOX ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 6 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 LC/34/37/39 S/C A-C. T I M I N G + COUNTDOWN O I S T POWER RECe + CONN LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 SM SWG ARH UMB D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED L C 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 CHD MOD ACCESS ARH C A B L I N G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED VERT STOP FOR L E S ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED C / M ACCESS A R M ADPT H O O O TO S / C I N T F REQ L C 3 4 / 3 7 SH ARM E L E CABLE + F L T R B O X . I N S T 12-16-t)S LO-FA 290-347 K.T �. APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMkNT L O G 2'1 J U L 6 6 UATI D _ 5 -- AS ...- DOCUIlENTNUMBERc OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE __-PP---P--s..D--O- R 202 CON?, PAGE -..,.-.-- ---- DOC REV - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ---.a=>--- --U-P-IPI-LI--------------~==----~-.-=-~~~-=---=~- ---P ? NO IRN-CCBD - LC34/37 - S-IB - - PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACT? TY - -------------- ----- ----- --.------ --..-->- 07-01-65 LO-FC 07-01-65 LOVC 05-07-65 LO-PG 220-347 KSC-DP 02-23-66 LOPG 000-220 KSC-EDY ENTERED L/V+S/C MISALIGN, FOR SAT I B VEH LV PROTUBERANCES L C 3 4 / 3 7 FUNCT I / F F L D RQMTS-ECS-SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 IB-L/V GSE A FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT I B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 8 - SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L . D A T E PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE 1; --- 200-347 501-66-0039 MSFC-P+VE MSFC J' t FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 I RN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 05-25-65 LO-PG 000-220 KSC-K-DT FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 SYS SAT I 8 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 05-24-65 LO-PG 000-220 KSC-R-DT �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DUCUMENT L u UATf PAGE 29 JUL 6 6 -- --- -- c H G il DOCUMENT NUMBERP 3 R R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV A 65ICD8605 . R R 1 2 I , - ' - DOCUHENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - PREPAR I N T E R F A C E A R E A S CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVI IB 05-24-65 LO-PG 000-250 KSC-K- FUNC l N T F F L U I D REQMTS LOX SYS SAT I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 05-25-65 LO-PG 000-250 KSC-K- FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS RP-1 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 05-25-65 LO-PG 000-250 KSC-K- 12-10-65 LO-FA 110-300 KSC-ED' 12-10-65 LO-FA 220-347 MSFC-El 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-24'0 % 1 09-27-65 FM 000-1 00 MSFC-AI FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 SYS SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 3 SYS SAT I 8 PHY I N T F R E T R A C T I O N MECH Q-BALL ICD-CCBD - SCHEP ACTUAL R E L DATE R E 1 D A T E PANEL t4O DA Y R MO DA YR CODE COVER-.- 501-66-0164 PHY I C D HAZARDOUS GAS ANALYZER SATURN I B 1CD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 9 LOW BAY ESE T O I N S T R U SYS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 1 + REC FC �UArt PAGE 39 J U L 66 -- ---- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DD'C REV _------------------- --13M06399 A DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO D A YR CODE --17-1 PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY - ;-I '.-' ' ----P--------Qu--Q-------=~-,---.~-----~--- CRYOGENIC STOR S Y S / L V ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 2 4 I R N - C C B D 201-66-0176 PROCEDURAL REQ CRYOGENIC STOR S Y S / L V I C D - C C B D 201-66-0174 F U N C T I O N A L REQ CRYOGENIC PHYSICAL ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD S T O R SYSILV 20 1-65-0026 2 0 1-66-0026 REQ /' MSFC B SATURN/APOLLO FREQ P L A N I C D - C C B D 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 5 6 - EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 4 't \ . . I '7 MSFC-ASTR ',' 7 B D E S I G N C R I T E K I A FOR S A T I B ONBOARD EDS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 1 16331-634107350 16331-63A107393 - E L E C I C D ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 - (... COMP I N T F A SOFTWARE I C D - A C E S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 - MSFC L V ESE/PROPELLANT SYSTEMS I C D - C C B D 201-65-0047 I R N - C C B D 20 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 4 L V ESE/LAUNCH EQUIPMENT JCD-CCBD 201-65-0048 ([I) COMP I N T E R F A C E MSC MS F C - A S T R MSFC-ASTR <j �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G AS DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- / 203 ----- c H G ,,,: S DOCUMENT NUMBERc OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV --- ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , - - - SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER PREPAR I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVX -------- -------- ------ --------------- ----,--,-,,,,,,------------------------ IRN-CCBO - PAGE CONTO 0----- 20 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 5 DEF OF SATURN S A - 2 0 3 ICD-CCBD 20 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 4 4 MSC EXP ELEC I N T SAT APOLLO EDS C/O SCHEMATICS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 s I C D D E S C R I P T I O N OF SATURN S A - 2 0 3 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 6 2 EDS 10-26-65 E-I 000-100 MSFC-A 03-24-66 €1 000-220 MSFC-A 10-15-65 CS - DEF SAT I B I U CMD S Y S G S E / L C - ~ ~ + L C - ~ ~ 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC 280-290 MSFC-A - DEF SAT I B SRSC T E S T ENCOD/LC-34+LC-37 07-15-66 IC 280-290 MSFC-A 07-15-66 IC 280-290 MSFC-A 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC 280-290 MSFC-A 07-15-66 IC SEE-DUG MSFC-A - - DEF SRSC DECODER/LC-34 + LC-37 INTF D E F S A T I B SRSC I N D P A N E L / L C - 3 4 + L C - 3 7 DEF SAT I B SRSC CODE PLUG/DECODER INTF FUNC I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 4 S / C GSE 09-15-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-ED FUNC I.NTF REQMTS GN2 L C 3 4 S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED GSE 09-1 5 - 6 5 LOPG 100-230 KSC-ED FUNC I N T F REQMTS GOX L C 3 4 S / C GSE 09-1 5 - 6 5 LOPG 100-230 XSC-ED 04-05-66 LOFC 230-340 KSC-ED A L C - 3 4 I N T E R F A C E S / C GSE T O UMB TWR NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCDD ENTERED' NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED �A P U L L O I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE DOCUMENT NUMBER* SCHED ACTUAL' R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE DOC O R R E V I S I O N N O T I C E REV -----------.-.--___----- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------- --_------YI-----P----------------------- * A PHY I C D APS MODULES ON L A U V E H / S A T ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 1 4 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 4 A P I P I N G CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 8 IRN-CCUD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 5 IRN-CCSD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 LO-PG ----em---- 220-347 , (> , - MSFC-EDV f-: 11-10-65 IB LO-FA 040-347 MSFC-EDV 11-10-65 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC-EDV 4 ?..--) -.. 10-25-65 A PHY I C D PNEUMATIC CONSOLE D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 3 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-K-DT 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-K-DT A PHY ICD PNEUMAT I C CONSOLE D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 6 / ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 *\ L,) APS PNEU U N I T S / I B PHY I C D HEAT EXCHANGER D S V - 4 0 - 4 3 8 / I B -1CD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 ISN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 .- '_j INTERFACE AREAS C E N T E R OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVIT'L A PHY I C D PNEUMATIC CONSOLE D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 2 / I B ICD-CCBD 201-66-0288 IRN-CCSD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 8 - l 6 k L , PREPARING -I..,.-*-.- 02-1 1-66 B SAT 1 B P I P C R I T I N T F LOC APS PPOP ICD-CCBD 2 0 1-66-142 -) --- I8 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-K-DT (. +' % /> - 04-12-65 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-K-DT -1 (3 . �._' APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G ? DATE 29 JUL 6 6 ' J . .. -- --- -- AS 203 ----- CON?, 7c a-i H - U DOCUMENT NUMBER* DOC S OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR HO D A YR CODE PREF I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N l OR C E I NUMBERS ACT1 -------- -------- ------ --------------- ---- A P I P I N G C R I T E R I A S I V B STAGE PNEU SUP SYS NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED I - 3 651CD5885 R 3 * I* 2 J 65ICD5886 R R 1 2 A PHY I C D AFT UMB SWING A R M NO 2 S - I V B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 01-21-66 LOFA 040-347 MSFC A PHY I C D FWD UM8 S W I N G ARM NO 3 S - I V B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 01-2 1-66 LO-FA 040-347 M S FC 08-02-65 LOFA 010-347 KSC- 08-02-65 LO-FA 08-02-65 LO-FA A - - - PHY I C D I U UMB S W I N G ARM NO 3 NO IRN-CCBG ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S - I B / I B ' ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED (SH C MAST111 SH M A S T I V PHY I C D OBAT T A I L L O X UMB S - I B / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - Q 2 8 4 , 010-347 KSC- �A P U L L O I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E 651CD5891 R DOC REV - 1 - - 203 CONTo SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR M O D A YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER P H Y S I C A L I C D BOAT T A I L F U E L UMB S--IHI ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED PAGE -- --------.16 FWD (SW ARM f l l -->-- 08-02-65 LO-FA PREPARIw'S I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y -----------em- 010-347 ---------- <-)-. KSC-P+VE \: \-.. 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P+VE -. 1~;) . -- ;J . ,- .-/ : 08-02-65 LO-FA A A PHYS I C D I N S T R U N I T PNEU CONSOLE/ I 8 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 03-02-66 LO-FA 12-30-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P+VE 040-347 MSFC-EDV A PHY I C D S - I V B / I U C O O L I N G U N I T / I B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 7 - c) .('.- PHY I C D BOAT T A I L COND UMBLS S - 1 6 / 1 0 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 0 - 18':;) P I P I N G C R I T E R I A INSTRUMENT U N I T LC34-3; ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 8 PHY I C D VACUM M O N I T O R I N G CONSOLE SAT I 0 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 1 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 5 8 �.j > . r - -* -- A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG * PA! DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 ‘) -- --- -- ,-JC H U DOCUMENTNUMBERp OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E f S 3--- .................... DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER --- ......................................... A 7Q J ~r 3 J 651CD5899 R 1 A 65ICD6005 A 65ICD6466 -------- PREP I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENT OR C E I NUMBERS ACTI' ------ --------------- ---- -I------ PHY I C D I U C O O L I N G U N I T L C 3 4 ALTERNATE NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 3 A PHY I N T F CONT DWG I U FLOW CONT V A L V E BOX I C D - C C B D 201-66-0104 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 12-16-65 LO-FA 290-347 KSC-I - 03-1 5-65 LOFC 230-370 KSC-F A L C 3 7 S A T I B S I C T R A N S P O R T ROUTE 03-1 5-65 LOFC 230-370 KSC-f - 02-08-66 LOFC 230-370 KSC A F A C I L I T Y C A B L I N G L C 3 7 F O R L E M +ESM 05-20-66 LOEL 230-370 KSC-I - 02-16-66 LO-EL 230-340 MS FC- LC37-S/C S E R V I C E STRUCTURE ESE/GSE NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D 08-17-65 LOFC 230-370 KSC-I FUNCT I N T E R F A C E REQS ECS L C 3 7 8 S/C-GSE 03-19-65 LOPG 100-37G KSC-l LOPG 100-370 09-1 6 - 6 5 LOFA 230-370 K SC- 12-08-65 LO-FC 220-370 K SC- - 9 SCHEO ACTUAL R E L DATE REL DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO D A YR CODE - L C 3 7 OPNL T V S Y S LC 3 7 H A Z A R D P R O O F I N G S / C NO I R N - C C 8 D E N T E R E a SC E S E T O D C POWER S U P L D I S T I C D - C C B D 201-66-0077 + F U N C T X N T F REQMTS 0 2 L C 3 7 B S / C AC I N P U T GSE A L C 3 7 B UT P I P C R I T + I N T F L O C S / C F L D SYS 08-01-65 _ KSC-8 �. APULLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG OATt 23 JUL 6 6 ---- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S l O N N O T I C E --20") PAGE DOC REV _------------------- --- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBO NUMBER --..----------.-----.~Q~--I----------------- ICD-CCBD SCHED ACTUAL REL D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE --.=1----- -em--.--- L PREPARING I ? L.1 I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER , OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I - - -.----.I-.--- LD-------------- 1-'(L, 201-66-0113 ,--\ - 4 2 ' L C 3 7 PAD AREA E S E I G S E - L / V ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 4 02-10-66 LO-FC 220-370 KSC L C 3 7 PHY I N T F S - I B STAGE TO HOLDDOWN ARM ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 1 01-1 0 - 6 6 LO-FC 000-370 KSC-EDV 01-25-66 LOEL 220-210 MSFC-ASTR A F A C I L I T Y CABLES L C - 3 7 B IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 5 - FOR LV ESE L V E S E / 6 0 AC POWER REQUIREMENTS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 1 02-1 1-66 LO-EL A L V E S E I I N S T R U M E N T A T I O N SYS + RECORDERS 03-1 4-66 LOEL - 08-09-65 LO-EL LO-EL 220-200 MSFC-ASTR - - f../ -.! \ MSFC-ASTR MS FC-ASTR -- ICD-CCBD - LC/34/37/39 T I M I N G + COUNTDOWN D I S T L C 3 4 / 3 7 SM ARM E L E C A B L E + F L T R BOX I N S T (L! c-; -, L V ESE T O KSC DATA MEASUREMENTS L V ESE TO WATER DELUGE SYS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 2 \ ,._i 08-17-65 MSFC COUNTCLOCK TO KSC T I M I N G 201-65-0051 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 1 ,( SAT I E L V E S E T O RANGE SEQUENCING ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 6 - +r -- MSFC-ASTR 07-13-66 LO-EL MSFC-ASTR b 09-22-64 (3 0 LO-FC KSC-DE t -- �- APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DUCUMENT LOG - D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- -> 1 SCHEC ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE P A N E L N O D A YR MO DA YR CODE !, C ti i; -, '1 )* D ' DOCUMENT N U M B E R , 38 R E V I S I O N NOTICE R DOC REV NO IRN-CCBD 1 J 65ICD8401 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER 1 - -------- -------- ------ --------------- ,; A 65ICD8603 - -----. ENTERED t C 3 4 / 3 7 L/V+S/C M I S A L I G N o FOR SAT I B VEH S - I B L V PROTUBERANCES L C 3 4 / 3 7 FUNCT I / F F L D RQMTS-ECS-SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 IB-L/V GSE A - F U N C I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS S A T I B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED " NO iRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1-66-0207 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 8 - PREPA I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTE OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS S A T I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 5 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 I RN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 SYS S A T I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 , 200-347 MSFC-I 07-01-65 LO-FC 07-01-65 LOVC 05-07-65 LO-PG 220-347 KSC-Df 02-23-66 LOPG 000-220 KSC-EI 05-25-65 LO-PG 000-220 KSC-K- 05-24-65 LO-PG 000-220 KSC-K- 501-66-0039 MSFC �4 ~ n l . l nI N IF R F ACE C O N T R O L DoC~IMEFIT L O G 11:~ I . LJ '{\ION NQrlCE I , : J T qUMfit.Hp .-.... GUb RkJ - a .* t 1, . . 1 : '*c4; , ............................. - . 0 . .... ..- CUNT P;I!I:~;~:~ F U N C l N r F F L U I U K t O H T S LH2 S Y S S A T 18 ,I. SCHED ;,c 7 1I #,I. K E L DATE I ~ " L I d f i+t - I J r r I L M O D A Y R M I J D,] { Y C ~ I I: ' ........ 05-24-65 LO-PG L~--.IJ>-'J:J~; ;,3-,Lda . .#,.I - .. ;. , , ,'s ..~t,;,.-l.*, ' .I i.ti')!>-,? 5 !J MSC-K-UT !-, ,\>. L?-in-h5 65ICD8702 R R - PYY - P H Y ICD HAZARDOUS GAS A N A L Y Z E R S A T U R N I B TCD CALIF'< C / O CONSOLE SAT I 8 LO-FA 02-04-66 LOFA 12-10-65 LO-FA 02-11-66 LO-EL ICD-CCBD 201-66-0102 NO IRN-CCSD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 201-66-0279 1 2 - LOH B A Y ESE TO INSTRU ICD-CCBD 501-6%-0171' SYS + REC �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl \ 1 !c -- --- -- H U --. S G .i--- PAGE DATE 2 9 JUL 66 1 DOCUMENT NUMBER^ OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE .................... DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ....................................... SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO D A Y R MO D A YR CODE -------- -------- ------ PREPAF I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTEF OR CEI NUMBERS ~ C T I V --------------I ------ PROCEDURAL REQ 12-14-65 MI 000-100 MSFC-P B L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT F U N C T I O N A L REQ ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 5 12-14-65 MI 000-100 MSFC-F 12-07-64 MI 000-100 MSFC-F 01-08-65 HI 000-140 MSFC-I 05-10-66 IC 000-100 MSFC EM1 COMPATIBILITY DESIGN CRITERIA ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 4 08-17-65 IC 000-100 -MSFC-I L V T O S C 0 1 2 I N S T R + COMM I N T E R F A C E 08-02-65 IC 000-100 MSFC-, 8 L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD - - - 201-66-0175 201-66-0175 2 0 1-66-0185 I U TO SPACECRAFT PHYS REQMTS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 9 IRN-CCBD 201-66-0169 SPACECRAFT TO 9 - B A L L ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 5 ENVELOPE L E M / S - I V B / I U ICD-CCBD 201-66-0162 PHYS REQ CLEARANCE PHY B SATURN/APOLLO FREQ P L A N ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 5 6 - �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG D A T E 29 JUL 66 AS -- --- -- O S UOCUMfNTNUMBERv OR R E V I S I O N NOTlCE 204 IA01 CONT. PAGE ---em DOC REV OOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD - MSFC i EDS L I M I T S E L E C I C D ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 07-1 5-66 COMP I N T F COMP I N T E R F A C E PROGRAMMING REQUIREMENTS S C - ~1 2 / ~ ~ - 2 0 4 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 A L V ESE TO PROPELLANT S Y S AND ECS IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 9 - - ,- -------- -------- ------ --------------- ----- --- I B ONBOARD EDS A SOFTWARE I C D - A C E S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 - PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY 201-66-0058 201-66-0058 201-66-0058 201-66-0058 8 D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 1 - SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL 140 DA Y R MO D A YR CODE --24,--- LV NO NO NO NO NO NO NO ESE TO LAUNCH EQUIPMENT IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED L V E S E / P R O P E L L A N T SYSTEMS 03-18-65 C-S MSFC-ASTR €1 MSFC MSC - '-. . HSC 1- MSFC-ASTR :, .'. \. MSFC- WSFC-ASTR ,' '. - '. �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G - D A T E 2 9 JUL 66 -- --- -- -) -; AS .- 204 ----- C T' H D S DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE PAC CONT. SCHED ACTLJL R E L DATE R E L P A T E PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE DOC REV G DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - -- -------------------- --- ........................................ PREP) I N T E R F A C E AREP.5 CENT€ OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIi d ICD-CCBD 201-65-0047 MS FC- L V E S E / L A U N C H EQUIPMENT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 8 SAT I B LV E S E T O APOLLO S / C ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 6 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 6 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 2 DEF S A - 2 0 4 AND S C - 0 1 2 MS FC- ESE 01-07-66 ELEC I N T F C EI 000-100 MSFC- EDS CHECKOUT SCHEMATICS 06-30-66 EI 000-220 HSFC - D E F SAT I B I U CMD SYS G S E / L C - 3 4 + L C - 3 7 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC 280-290 MSFC- - DEF SAT I B SRSC T E S T ENCOD/LC-34+LC-37 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC 280-290 MS FC- 07-15-66 IC 280-290 MS FC- 07-1 5-66 IC 280-290 MSFC- 07-1 5-66 IC SEE-DWG XSFCKSC-f - DEF SRSC DECODER/LC-34 + LC-37 INTF DEF S A T I B SRSC I N D P A N E L / L C - 3 4 + L C - 3 7 DEF SAT I B SRSC CODE PLUG/DECODER INTF S I C ESE/GSE 07-23-65 LOFC 230-340 A L C 3 4 DATA T R A N S M I S S I O N SYS ( W I D E BAND) NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 09-24-65 LOFC 230-340 A L C 3 4 F A C I L I T Y INST, 02-02-65 LO-FC B ~ ~ 3 SITE 4 ' PLAN-FACILITY-TO C A B L I N G SYSTEM - KSC-f KSC �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 26.3 PAGE DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 -- --- -- --- b DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE --I-----_-_----.,----- 65 ICD5005 DOC REV --- 65 I C D 5 0 0 6 65 ICD5007 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - PREPARING ;.-"! . , INTERFACE AREAS CENTER . OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y . -----------------I-------------------*-.-- L C 3 4 AC ELECT POWER SYSTEM 11-25-64 LOFC 230-340 KSC-F 03-1 5-65 LOFC 230-340 KSC-F 12-02-65 LOFC 230-340 KSC-EDV-2 ' i l A L C 3 4 SAT I B S/C ' SCHED ACTUAL. REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR M O DA YR CODE LC-34 TRANP. ROUTES HAZARD PROOFING S / C ESE/GSE i', ._.I D LC 3 4 CSH E S E TO FAC C A B L I N G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 02-28-66 LOEL 230-340 KSC '-I A L C 3 4 HAZARD PROOF MONITORING FOR S/C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED B L C 3 4 LAUNCH NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD GSE F L D S Y S L C 3 4 SS LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV {--, ,-,) CONTROL CENTER-S/C ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED B L C 3 4 S E R V I C E STRUCTURE -TO NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO, IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 09-14-65 S/C ESEIGSE ESE/GSE 06-03-65 LOFC 230-340 KSC-F 07-23-65 LOFC 230-340 KSC-EDVi - , .. ! I . \ .i -,:.- j ., �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DbCUMENT LO{, .DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 -- --- -- C H U DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - -S ----------_-_-_------- ........................................ 9 R 14 NO IRN-CCBD ACT3AL SCHED R E L DATE R E L DATE P A N E L HO DA YR MO DA Y R CODE PRE I N T E R F A C E AREA5 C E N OR C E I NUMBERS ACT -------- -------- ------ -------------- --- ENTERED A L C 3 4 PAD AREA TO S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED ESE/GSE 07-23-65 LOFC 230-340 KSC- C L C 3 4 PAD AREA MECH GSE 09-16-64 LOFC 230-340 KSC- - FUNCT I N T E R F A C E R E 0 ECS L C 3 4 S/C-GSE 01-27-65 LOPG 100-340 K S 6- FUNC I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 4 S / C GSE 09-15-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC- FUNC I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 4 S I C ND IRN-CCBD ENTERED GSE 09-15-65 LOPG 100-230 K S C- FUNC I N T F REQMTS GOX L C 3 4 S / C GSE 09-1 5-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC* 04-05-66 LOFC 230-340 KSC- - - A L C - 3 4 I N T E R F A C E S / C GSE T O UMB TWR NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A L C 3 4 UT P I P NO 'I RN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD - C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED L C 3 4 S E R V STRUCTURE-GSE-LAUNCH ICD-CCBD 201-66-140 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED FLD SYS .. VEHICLE 06-18-65 LO-FC 200-340 K SC- �. A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E ,CONTROL, ,DOCUMENT L O G PAGE DATE 29 J U L 66 -- --- -- J 5 DOCUMENT N U M B E R * OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E R DOC REV 2 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER NO I R N - C C B D - - - LO-FC 220-340 KSC-EDV-2 01-1 0-66 LO-FC 000-340 KSC-EDV 10-06-65 LO-EL 220-340 MSFC-ASTR LV ESE T O RANGE S E Q U E N C I N G L C - 3 4 ICD-CCRD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 6 05-28-65 LO-EL 220-340 MSFC-ASTR L V E S E T O F A C I L I T Y AC POWER L C - 3 4 NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D 08-12-65 LOEL 220-340 MSFC-ASTR L C 3 4 P H Y I N T F S - I B S T A G E T O HOLDDOWN ARM I C D - C C B D 201-66-139 A L V E S E T O I N S T R S Y S + RECORDERS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 8 - PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I N U M B E R S A C T I V " 'Y 09-29-65 A L V E S E TO F A C I L I T Y C A B L I N G L C - 3 4 I C D - C C B D 201-66-0344 NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D - , 0 2 - 1 8-66 LO-EL 220-200 NSFC-ASTR MSFC COUNT C L O C K T O K S C T I M I N G ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 9 I R N - C C B D 201-65-0039 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 9 06-08-65 LO-EL 200-240 MSFC-ASTR L V E S E T O K S C D A T A MEASUREMENTS I C D - C C B D 201-66-0146 IRN-CCBD 20 1-66-0146 12-1 5-65 LO-EL 220-340 MSFC-ASTR 05-28-65 LO-EL 220-340 MSFC-ASTR --L V t ENTERED A L C 3 4 PAD AREA/GSE-LIV I C D - C C B D 201-66-138 - SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO D A YR CODE 28 --- E S E T O WATER D E L U G E S Y S T E M - . �-\. -. APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LV:.v -y DATE 2 9 JUL 6 6 -- --- -- -2' (. -)! ! 4. c ; H ' 1 D S DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E - --- - ------.---??* , , R DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ---------- --- ----------------.................... ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD 1 SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR M O DA YR CODE PRE INTERFACE AREAS CEN OR C E I NUMBERS ACT 201-65-0040 201-65-0040 -. D 651CD5740 3 I 0 SAT I B P I P C R I T 4 I N T F LOC APS PPOP ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 1 4 2 02-1 1-66 LO-PG 220-347 MSFl 07-26-65 LOPG 220-340 K S%- 11-1 0 - 6 5 LO-FA 040-347 M S FC 11-10-65 LO-FA 040-347 HS FC A PHY I C D PNEUMATIC CONSOLE 0 S V - 4 8 - 4 3 2 / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 8 10-25-65 LO-FA 220-347 KSC- A PHY I C D PNEUMATIC CONSOLE OSV-48-433 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-347 KSC- A PHY I C D PNEUMATIC CONSOLE O S V - 4 8 - 4 3 6 / 1 8 ICD-CCBD 201-66-0)3? 03-02-66 - PHY I C D S - I V B APS PORTABLE VALVE BOX A PHY I C D APS MODULES ON L A U VEH/SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 1 4 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 9 ERN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 4 A P I P I N G CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 8 I RN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 5 I RN-CCBD 20 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 IB APS PMEU U N I T S / I B LO-FA 220-347 KSC-: �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL,, DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 66 AS -- --.. -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E . -. DOC REV _ -------------------- --R 3 J 65LCD5883 R CONT. DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBO NUMBER -------o------------------------------- IRN-CCBD - 204 .--...-- 201-66-028 IAOl PAGE SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE -------- -------- --.---- 30 --- PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTFOR C E I N U M B E R S ACTIL * Y - ----------POP- ---------- 1 04-12-65 LO-FA 220-347 A P I P I N G C R I T E R I A S I V B STAGE PNEU SUP SYS NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 02-04-66 LOFA 040-347 HSFC-EDV A PHY I C D AFT UMB SWING ARM NO 2 S - I V S NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 01-21-66 LOFA 040-347 WS FC-K-DT A PHY I C D FWD UMB S W I N G ARM NO 3 S - I V B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 01-21-66. LO-FA 040-347 A PHY I C D I U UMB SWING ARM NO 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 03-15-66 LOFA 090-347 MSFC-K-DT 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P+VE 1 - . PHY I C D HEAT EXCHANGER D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 8 / 1 8 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCSD NO IRN-CCSD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED PHY I C D UMB CONN S - I B / I B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED KSC-K-DT -.- MSFC-DT\ I (SH C MAST111 SH H A S T I V �A P O L L O INTERFACE CONTROL DOCI!NENT DATE 2 9 JUL 66 -- --- AS -- 2 0 4 CONT. ----- C ' H a G i --- D DOCUMENT N U M B E R p OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ------------------ --- ....................................... NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD * J 65fCD5890 1 9 R - SCHED ACTUAL R E 1 DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREFA INTERFACE AREAS CENTEI OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV -------- ------- ------ -------------- -----. ENTERED ENTERED PHY I C D OBAT T A I L LOX UMB S - I B / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-Pd P H Y S I C A L I f D BOAT T A I L FUEL UMB S - I B / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P- 08-02-65 10-FA 010-347 KSC-P- PWY I C D BOAT TAIL CON0 UMBLS S - 1 8 / 1 6 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 0 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P+ A A PHYS I C D I N S T R U N I T PNEU CONSOLE/IB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 201-66-0282 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-P4 12-30-65 LO-FA 220-347 HS FC-K 1 - - J 65ICD5895 R LA R 2 R 3 LOG PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO fRNGCCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B FWD {SW ARM = 1 1 ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED A PHY I C D S - I V B / I U COOLING U N ~ T / I B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 7 �. APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 -- D S AS --- .-- DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV CONT. ICD-CCBD PAGE SCHED REL DATE MO DA Y R DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER IRN-CCBD - 204 ----- ACTUAL R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR CODE -- PREPARIN( INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR CEX NUMBERS A C T ITY - 201-66-0144 2 0 1-66-0238 PHY I C D VACUH MONITORING CONSOLE SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 1 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 5 IB 01-10-66 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC-EDV 12-1 6-65 LO-FA 290-347 KSC-P+VE 02-08-66 LOFC 230-370 KSC A PHY I C D I U COOLING U N I T L C 3 4 ALTERNATE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 3 A PHY INTF CONT DWG Ill FLOW CONT VALVE BOX ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 - LC 3 7 HAZARD PROOFING S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED . r - LC/34/37/39 A S/C - A.C. T I M I N G + COUNTDOWN D I S T POWER REC- LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD + CONN SM SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 ENTERED ENTERED L C 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 CMD MOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED VERT STOP F O R L E S ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 09-22-64 LO-FC 230-340 11-29-65 LOFC 230-347 KSC-EDV-; 10-01-64 LOFA 230-340 MSC-FO-H, �-- APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G DATE 29 J U L 6 6 -- --- -- i ';i D G , SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR MU DA YR CODE C H 5 --- - DOCUMENTNUMBER, D R R E V I S I O N NOTICE .................... J 65ICD8304 J 65ICD8308 1 1 J 651CD8311 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ A MOCK-UP i! R DOC REV 23 AF RM 9 TO ACCESS ARM WHT RM - L C 3 4 1 3 7 S M ARM ELE CABLE + FLTR BOX I N S T NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - C/M ACCESS ARM ADPT HOOD TO S / C a - L C 3 4 / 3 7 L/V+S/C S-IB MISALIGN, I N T F REQ 11-04-65 LOFA 100-300 MSC-I FOR SAT I f 3 VEH 07-01-65 .LO-FC 200-347 MS FC- 07-01-65 LOVC 05-07-65 LO-PG 220-347 KSC-C 02-23-66 LOPG 000-220 KSC-E 05-25-65 LO-PG 000-220 KSC-K LV PROTUBERANCES L C 3 4 / 3 7 FUNCT I / F F L D RQMTS-ECS-SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 IS-L/V GSE A FUNC IMTF F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT I 8 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 8 - I PREPl INTERFACE AREAS CENTt OR C E I NUMBERS ACTI\ 501-66-0039 MSFC . FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS S A T I f 3 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 L-66-0 1 3 2 �. APOLLO INTERFACE. CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG D A T E 2 9 JU4 66 PAGE -- --- -- b S DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD A 65ICD8603 R R - 1 2 J 65ICD8701 - SCXED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE 34'- -- PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER Y OR C E I N U M B E R S A C T I ! - -------- ------- ------ --------------- \ ;- -------y 201-66-0132 201-66-0132 i FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 SYS SAT I 0 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 05-24-65 LO-PG 000-220 KSC-K-DT FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 SYS SAT 16 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 3 IRN-CCBD 201-66-0073 05-24-65 LO-PG 000-250 KSC-K-DT FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS LOX SYS SAT I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 IRN-CCBO 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 05-25-65 LO-PG 000-250 KSC-K-DT - FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS RP-1 SYS SAT 1B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 IRN-CCBD 2 0 L - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 05-25-65 LO-PG PHY I N T F RETRACTION MECH Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 4 12-10-65 LO-FA PHY I C D C A L I P S C / O CONSOLE SAT I B 01-04-66 LOFA PHY TCD HAZARDOUS GAS ANALYZER SATURN 1 B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 9 12-10-65 LO-FA !&OW BAY ESE TO I N S T R U SYS + REC 02-1 1-66 LO-EL COVER " 2 220-347 WSFC-EDV (- �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG D A T E 2 9 JUL 66 -- --- -- --1 i -< ': C +: H D G ; , --- - DOCUMENT N U M B E R 9 OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ---""--' ' " ' "-"'--' --------------------------------------*,- ACTUAL SCHED REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA Y R MO DA YR CODE -------- ---0--- PREPC INTERFACE A R E A S CENTE OR C E I N U M B E R S ACTIV ------ --------------- ----.= /. ICD-CCBD 501-66-0171 FLIGHT MECHANICS I C D 04-29-66 FM 000-100 , MSFC- �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE1 2 9 J U L 66 PAGE -- --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV -------------------- --- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE -------- ------ 3 PRE34R INC INTERFACE AREAS CEI 2 OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y - -----I-----POP---------------I---------------------------- ------- B L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT PROCEDURAL REQ ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 5 B L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT FUNCTIONAL REQ ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 5 IRN-CCBD 201-66-0175 i - I N S T U N I T T O SPACECRAFT PHYS REQ IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 9 SPA-CECRAFT TO Q-BALL IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 6 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 6 A ENVELOPE L E M / S - I V B / I U ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 3 PHYS REQ CLEARANCE PHYS I C A L 8 SATURN/APOLLO FREQ PLAN ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 5 6 . EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 4 L V TO SCO14 I N S T R AND COHM INTERFACE ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 7 08-17-65 IC 000-100 MS FC-ASTR �I e IAnl A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 2 '; PAC -- --- -- DATE 29 JUL 66 C : H G 3 S j --- - DOCUMENTNUMBERo OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------------------- --- --------------------,,-,,,,,,-------,,,,,,,,- A 13M65000 B D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 1 A 131465205 - A 16331-63A107350 - i SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE -------- I B ONBOARD EDS -o------ ------ --------------- ----- CS 000-100 MSFC C-S 000-100 MS FC- 03-18-65 EI 230-300 MS FC 08-12-65 EI 300-100 HSC 08-06-65 EI 220-250 MS FC- 04-09-65 EX 210-220 MSFC- L V E S E / P R O P E L L A N T SYSTEMS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 7 12-15-65 EI 220-250 HSFC- LV ESE/LAUNCH EOUIPMENT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 8 12-16-65 €1 220-210 -MS FC- SAT I 6 LV E S E TO APOLLO S / C E S E ICD-CCBD 2 0 1-65-0045 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 7 11-22-65 EI 220-230 MSFC- EDS L I M I T S E L E C I C D ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 08-06-65 PREPd I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTE OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV 10-15-66 COMP I N T F ." % A SOFTWARE I C D - A C E S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 COKP I N T E R F A C E A L V E S E TO PROPELLANT SYS AND ECS IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 9 - LV NO NO NO NO NO NO NO - A 40M05428 R 1 - ESE TO LAUNCH EQUIPMENT IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 PAGE -- --- -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD MSFC-ASTR 09-30-66 + APOLLO S C - 0 1 4 A DES OF SATURN S A - 2 0 5 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 2 1 - - E L E C XNTFC EDS CHECKOUT SCHEMATICS - DEF -- DEF PREP" IMG I N T E R F A C E AREAS CEMI. , OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY 201-66-0315 201-66-0333 201-66-0333 A DEF S A - 2 0 5 AND S C - 0 1 4 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L D A T E PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE -3--8 05-09-66 EDS EI MSFC C-S MS FC-ASTR SAT 1 8 I U CMD SYS G S E / L C - 3 4 + L C - 3 7 07-1 5-66 IC SAT I B SRSC T E S T ENCOD/LC-34+LC-37 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC 280-290 MSFC-ASTR 280-290 MSFC-ASTR , DEF SRSC DECODER/LC-34 4 LC-37 INTF 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC 280-290 MSFC-ASTR DEF S A T I B SRSC I N 0 P A N E L / L C - 3 4 + L C - 37 07-15-66 IC 280-290 MSFC-ASTR DEF SAT I B SRSC CODE PLUG/DECODER INTF 07-1 5-66 IC SEE-DWG NSFC-ASTR 03-1 5-66 I?-NF 040-090 MSFC I C D SATURN I B / V CONTROL R A T E GYRO P K G .-ED B LC34 S I T E PLAN-FACILITY-TO S/C ESE/GST 07-23-65 LOFC 230-340 KSC-EDV-2 A L C 3 4 DATA T R A N S M I S S I O N SYS NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED ( W I V E BAND) 09-24-65 LOFC 230-340 KSC-€DV-2 02-02-65 LO-FC KSC 11-2 5 - 6 4 LOFC I<SC-F A L C 3 4 F A C I L I T Y INST, - C A B L I N G SYSTEM L C 3 4 AC E L E C T POWER SYSTEM �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LO:; DATE 29 J U L 6 6 AS 205 CONTo C H I) G 5 --- DOCUMENTNUMBERo OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E 65 I C D 5 0 0 7 * 4 A 65ICD5050 f? 6 , PAGE SCHED ACTUAL REL D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------------------- --- ........................................ A 65ICD5006 1A 0 1 -------- -------- ------ PREPAF I N T E R F A C E ARE S CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVI --a----------- ------ A L C 3 4 SAT I 8 S / C TRANPO ROUTES 03-1 5 - 6 5 LOFC 230-340 KSC-F - 12-02-65 LOFC 230-340 KSC-EC 02-28-66 LOEL 230-340 KSC 08-11-65 LOEL 210-340 KSC-LV 09-14-65 LOPG 100-530 USC-ED ESE/GSE 06-03-65 LOFC 230-340 KSC-F B L C 3 4 S E R V I C E STRUCTURE -TO S / C ESE/GSE 07-23-65 LOFC 07-23-65 LOFC 230-340 'KSC-EDV LC-34 HAZARD PROOFING S / C ESE/GSE D LC 3 4 CSM E S E TO F A C C A B L I N G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A L C 3 4 HAZARD PROOF M O N I T O R I N G F O R S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - P I P C R I T + f M T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD E N f ERED GSE F L D SYS L C 3 4 SS - B L C 3 4 LAUNCH CONTROL CENTER-S/C NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRM-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED f NTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED A ' L C 3 4 PAD AREA T O S/C' ESE/GSE . ' �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IA 0 1 --40 PAGE D DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV _ -___________-_-----........................................ S R R R R DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER NO NO NO NO 3 4 5 6 IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA Y R MO DA YR CODE -------- -------- ------. PREPARING - INTERFACE A R E A S CENTER OR C E I N U M B E R S ACTIVITY ----. ---------.-....-.PI- I - ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED J 65ICD5366 C L C 3 4 PAD AREA MECH GSE 09-16-64 LOFC 230-340 A 65XCD5367 - FUNCT INTERFACE REQ ECS L C 3 4 S/C-GSE 01-27-65 LOPG 100-340 FUNC I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 4 S / C GSE 09-1 5-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV FUNC XNTF REQMTS GN2 L C 3 4 S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED GSE 09-15-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV FUNC I N T F REQMTS GOX L C 3 4 S / C GSE 09-15-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV 04-05-66 LOFC 230-340 KSC-EDV A 65ICD5368 A 65ICD5370 - A L C - 3 4 INTERFACE S / C GSE TO UMB TWR NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A L C 3 4 UT P I P NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD - C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED L C 3 4 SERV STRUCTURE-GSE-LAUNCH ICD-CCBD 2 0 1-66-140 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A L C 3 4 PAD AREA/GSE-L/V F L D SYS VEHICLE . KSC-F ' KSC-K-DT , 09-1 5 - 6 5 LOFA 230-340 KSC-EDV 06-1 8-65 LO-FC 200-340 KSC-P+VE 09-29-65 LO-FC 220-340 KSC-EOV-2 �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG D4T.E 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- -j -, : ' H G 3 -S .- --. \ -i DOCUNENTNUMBERp OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ...................................... --------------I---- ICD-CCBD - F 65ICD5561 1 ------ --------------- ---I---I-- .=,---. L C 3 4 PHY I N T F S - I S STAGE TO HOLDDOWN ARM ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 1 3 9 01-10-66 LO-FC 000-340 KSC-I 10-06-65 LO-EL 220-340 MS FC- L V E S E TO RANGE SEQUENCING L C - 3 4 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 6 05-28-65 LO-EL 220-340 MS FC- LV NO NO NO 08-12-65 LOEL 220-340 HSFC- 02-18-66 LO-EL 220-200 MS FC- MSFC COUNT CLOCK TO KSC T I M I N G ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 9 06-08-65 LO-EL 200-240 MS FC- L V E S E TO KSC DATA MEASUREMENTS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 6 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1-66-0146 12-15-65 LO-EL 220-340 MSFC- L V ESE TO HATER DELUGE SYSTEM ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 0 05-28-65 I A 65ICD5602 \ I PREn I N T E R F A C E A R E , S CENT OR C E I NUMBERS ACTI' 2 0 1-66-138 A L V ESE TO F A C I L I T Y C A B L I N G L C - 3 4 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 4 4 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 2 SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL HO DA YR MO DA YR CODE R k R - L 2 3 E S E TO F A C I L I T Y AC POWER L C - 3 4 IRN-CCBD ENTERED I RN-CCBD E N f €RED IRN-CCBD ENTERED -\ A L V ESE TO I N S T R SYS + RECORDERS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 8 - 1 -. A 651CD5605 R - 1 - LO-EL 220-340 HSFC- �* APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl PAGE DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- I ; --- -- DOCUME:laT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV . SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MD DA YR MO D A YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER B SAT II3 P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC APS PPOP ICD-CCBD 1 65ICD5741 - 42(- --- .- PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVT'Y - ,'\.. 0 2 - 1 1-66 LO-PG 220-347 HSFC-EDV 07-26-65 LOPG 220-340 KSC-P+VE 11-10-65 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC-EDV 11-10 - 6 5 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC-EDV . 10-25-65 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-K-DT . 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-K-DT 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-K-DT 04-12-65 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-K-DT 201-66-142 PHY I C D S - I V B APS PORTABLE V A L V E BOX I A PHY I C D APS MODULES ON L A U V E H / S A T ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 1 4 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 3 I RN-CCBD 2 0 1-66-0239 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 4 A P I P I N G CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 IB APS PNEU U N I T S / I B A PHY I C D PNEUMATIC CONSOLE DSV-4B-432/ ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 8 IB A PHY I C D PNEUMATIC CONSOLE D S V - 4 0 - 4 3 3 1 CD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 A PHY I C D PNEUMATIC CONSOLE D S V - 4 B - 4 3 6 / ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 - P H Y I C D HEAT EXCHANGER D S V - 4 B - 4 3 8 / 1 8 IR - - < i .1 �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT Lob DATE 2 9 JUL 66 -- --- -- C H G D S DOCUMENT N U M B E R 9 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD B 65ICD5884 R 2 R 3 , ACTUAL SCHED R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO OA YR MO DA YR CODE -------- --P-CQ-- PREP I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTr OR C E I NUMBERS ACTI' ------ -------------- ----. 201-66-0287 201-66-0287 A P I P 1 NG C R I T E R I A S I V B STAGE PNEU SUP SYS NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 02-04-66 LOFA 040-347 MSFC- A PHY I C D AFT UMB SWING ARM NO 2 S - I V B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 01-21-66 LOFA 040-347 MSFC- 0 1 - 2 1-66 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC- 03-15-66 LOFA 090-347 MSFC- 08-02-65 LO-FA Ql0-347 - use- 08-02-65 LO-F A 010-347 'KSC-I A PHY I C D FWD UMB S H I N G ARM NO 3 S - I V B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 . NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED . 1R;d-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 A PHY I C D I U UMB SWING ARM NO 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 - - PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO I.RN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S - I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED (SH C M A S T I I ) SH H A S T I V . PHY I C D 0 8 A T T A I L LOX UMB S - I B / I B �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 JUL 6 6 D S - DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E AS DOC REV 205 CONTa DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------------------- --- ........................................ ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD J 65ICD5891 R 1 . - IA 0 1 PAGE SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE -------- ------- ------ 4 L PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY - -O.-p--QP--L-PI-P- P--- ---- 201-66-0284 201-66-0284 P H Y S I C A L I C D BOAT T A I L FUEL UMB S - I B / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 08-02-65 LO-FA PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD 08-02-65 LO-FA P H Y . I C D BOAT T A I L COND UMBLS S - I B / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 0 08-02-65 LO-FA 0 10-347 KSC-P+VE A A PHYS I C D I N S T R U N I T PNEU CONSOLE/IB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 03-02-66 LO-FA ' 220-347 KSC-P+VE A PHY 1CD S - I V B / I U COOLING U N I T / I B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 7 01-07-66 LOF A 220-347 KSC-P+VE 12-30-65 LO-FA 220-347 MSFPK-DT 1 - - - CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED FWD (SW ARM = 1 1 P I P I N G C R I T E R I A INSTRUMENT U N I T L C 3 4 - 3 7 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 8 -- PHY I C D VACUM MONITORING CONSOLE SAT I B . . 01-10-66 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC-EDV �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 3 DATE 2 9 JUL 66 -- 3 w* \ ! -\ I e H G - D S --- -- DOCUMENTNUMBERo OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E - ------------------- DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD J 6SICD5898 3 9 7* I --. . i 7 R R 2 3 .- - k>, J ------ ---- ---------------. 12-16-65 LO-FA KSC- 02-08-66 LOFC KSC TIMING + COUNTDOWN DXST 09-22-64 LO-FC + CONN 11-29-65 LOFC 10-01-64 LOFA LC 37 HAZARD PROOFING S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED LC/34/37/39 A S/C 2 -------I 20 1-66-0141 201-66-0285 A PHY I N T F CONT DWG IU FLOW CONT V A L V E BOX ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 1 E 65ICD6007 R 1 -_------ PREF I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T OR C E I NUMBERS ACTI A PHY I C D I U C O O L I N G U N I T L C 3 4 ALTERNATE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 3 , J 651CD5899 R SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE A,C, POHER REC. LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCSD SM SWG ARM UM8 D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 . ENTERED ENTERED L C 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 CMD MOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED V E R T STOP FOR L E S ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED HSC+ J 65IC08304 A MOCK-UP 23 AFRM 9 TO ACCESS ARM WHT RM KSC-l J 65 I C D 8 3 0 8 - SM ARM ELE C A B L E + F L T R BOX I ~ S T KS C-l LC34/37 �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 66 AS -- --- -- O S - DOCUMENT NUMBER, O Y R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV -------------------- --R 1 ----, - I PAGE SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE -------- -------- ------ 46 --- PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER ACTIVITY OR C E I NUMBERS - ------I-------------------------------- ENTERED C/M ACCESS ARM ADPT HOOD TO S / C I N T F REQ 11-04-65 LOFA 100-300 MSC-EDV M I S A L I G N - F O R SAT 1 8 VEFI 07-01-65 LO-FC 200-347 HSFC-P+VE - 07-01-65 LOVC 05-07-65 LO-PG 220-347 KSC-DP. 02-23-66 LOPG 000-220 KSC-EDV FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT 1 B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBO 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 05-25-65 LO-PG 000-220 KSC-K-DT FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS LH2 SYS SAT I 8 05-24-65. LO-PG 000-220 KSC-K-DT LC34/37 S-I0 L/V+S/C L V PROTUBERANCES L C 3 4 / 3 7 FUNCT I / F F L D RQMTS-ECS-SAT ICD-CCBD 201-66-0127 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 IB-L/V GSE A FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT I 0 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 8 - CON?. GOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER NO IRN-CCBD - 205 501-66-0039 MSFC �I APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 JUL 66 ) -- --- -- ./ .) c ' H G .J - O S OOCUMENTNUMBERF 3R R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - -------------------- --- ....................................... ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD > > A 65ICD8604 R - 1 A 651CD8605 R R a - L 2 - .. F 65ICD8700 - j - A 80M90205 SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREP, I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTi OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I \ 201-66-0128 201-66-0128 201-66-0128 FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 SYS SAT I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 3 05-24-65 LO-PG 000-250 KSC-)l FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS LOX SYS S A T I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 05-25-65 LO-PG 000-250 KSC-F FLUID REQMTS RP-1S Y S S A T IB 201-66-0131 201-66-0131 2 0 1-66-0131 05-25-65 LO-PG 000-250 KSC-C 12-10-65 LO-FA 110-300 KSC-E PHY TCD C A L f P S C / O CONSOLE SAT I B 01-04-66 LOFA 220-347 MSFC- PHY I C D HAZARDOUS GAS ANALYZER SATURN I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 9 12-10-65 LO-FA 220-347 MSFC- 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 MS FC 04-29-66 FM 000-100 HS FC- FUNC' INIF ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD I RN-CCBD PHY I N T F R E T R A C T I O N MECH Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 4 LOW BAY ESE TO I N S T R U S Y S ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 1 B F L I G H T MECHANICS I C D + REC COVER - �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- 0 DOCUMENTNUMBERI 5 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE 0------9 - L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT --Q. ---- FUNCTIONAL REQ I N S T U N I T TO SPACECRAFT PHYS REQ IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 1 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 1 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 1 CLEARANCE P H Y S I C A L 000-100 HSFC-P+VE 000-1 00 MSFC EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 4 08-17-65 IC 000-100 MSFC-ASTR L V TO SCBP30 I N S T R + COMM INTERFACE ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 6 6 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 6 08-02-65 IC 000-100 HSFC-ASTR 000-100 PIS FC 230-300 MSFC B D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 1 - - INTERFACE AREAS C E N T E R OR C E I NUMBERS ACTI1'TTY -------- ------ -------------- B SATURN/APOLLO FREQ PLAN ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 5 6 - PREPARING L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT PROCEDURAL REQ ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 6 0 IRN-CCBO 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 8 1 6 A ENVELOPE L E M / S - I V B / I U ICD-CCBD 20 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 1 - 4E --- ELEC ICD\ACE S/C-L/V I B ONBOARD EDS COMP I N T F �1 APOLLO I N T E R F A C F CO&;RL)L 2. DATE 2 9 . J U L 66 AS -- --- -- 206 ----- CLINT, ! c . j H G -- D S . DOCUMENTNUMBERI OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E A 16331-63A107393 R ) 1 A 401Yi05419 1 R + Q 9 - 1 A 40M05435 R R - - 1 2 +++ A 4 0 M L 1 8 4 6 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ COMP I N T E R F A C E 300-100 MSC L V E S E / P R O P E L L A N T SYSTEMS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 7 IRN-CCBD 201-66-0094 220-250 MS FC- LV E S E / L A U N C H EQUIPMENT ICD-CCBD 20 f - 6 5 - 0 0 4 8 IRN-CCBD 201-66-0095 2 2 0 - 2 10 MSFC- SAT I B L V E S E T O APOLLO S / C E S E ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 7 220-230 MS FC- EI 220-230 MSFC- 03-11-66 E-I 000-1 00 MS FC- 11-29-65 CS 000-100 MSFC- EI 000-220 MS FC SC E S E TO L V E S E ( A L T E R N A T E M I S S I O N ) 05-01-66 A DEF S A - 2 0 6 9 B P - 3 0 E L E C T R I C A L I N T E R F A C E IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 1 8 A 40M37527 * A 40M37539 - - D E S C R I P T I O N SATURN 206 APOLLO B P 3 0 EDS EDS CHECKOUT SCHEMATICS DES OF SATURN S A - 2 0 6 ICD-CCBD I A 401.137677 - ------ --------------- ----- -------_ PREP4 INTERFACE A R k A S CENTE OR CEI NUMBERS ACTIV 5 0 1-66-0085 A SOFTWARE ICD-ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 I A 4OM05417 , DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ ~ ~ _ _ _ _ _ ~ ~ _ ~ O _ ~ ~ ~ _ ~ ~ _ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ P_ _ _ _ 1 ' ___ SCHEO LCTUAL R E L O A T ; A E L D A T i PANEL MO DA Y R MO PA Y R CODE . ICD-CCBD I ' DOC REV I.bC 1 DCSUMENT L C 11-30-66 + APOLLO S C - 1 0 1 EDS 03-11-66 C-S 000-100 - MS FC- ELECTRICAL INTERFACE 02-16-66 E-I 000-100 MSFC- 201-66-0182 DEF S A - 2 0 6 + S C - 1 0 1 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 3 6 . �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG D A T t 2 9 JUL 66 AS -- --- -- O DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E ? I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV _ -------------------- --S - 206 ----- IA 0 1 CONTe PAGE SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D.A YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER 50 --- PREPARING - INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y -------- ------- ------ --------------- ---- ---- -----------------------------,----------- DEF SAT 1 6 I U CMD SYS GSE/LC-349LC-37 07-1 5-66 IC 280-290 HSFC-ASTR DEF SAT I B SRSC TEST ENCOD/LC-34+LC-37 07-1 5-66 IC 280-290 HSFC-ASTR 07-15-66 IC 280-290 MSFC-ASTR DEF S A T I B SRSC I N D PANEC/LC-34+LC-37 07-15-66 IC 280-290 MSFG-ASTR DEF SAT I B SRSC CODE PLUG/DECODER 07-1 5-66 IC SEE-DUG MSFC-ASTR 03-1 5-66 M-NF 100-230 KSC-EDV DEF SRSC DECODER/LC-34 I C D SATURN I B / V + LC-37 Ili' INTF CONTROL RATE GYRO PKG P I P C R I T 4 I N T F LOC S/C NO 1 RN-CCBD ENTERED F L D SYS L C 3 4 SS 09-14-65 LOPG - FUNC I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 4 S I C GSE 0 9 - 1 5-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV FUNC I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 4 S/C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED GSE 09-15-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV FUNC I N T F REQMTS GOX L C 3 4 S / C GSE 09-1 5 - 6 5 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV 04-05-66 LOFC 230-340 KSC-EDV 230-340 KSC-EDY 220-347 WSFC-EDV A L C - 3 4 INTERFACE S/C GSE TO UMB TWR NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A L C 3 4 UT P I P NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD C R I T 4 I N T F LOC S / C ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED F L D 5:'s 8 SAT I B P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC APS PPOP 02-1 1-66 LO-PG �'3 -A APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CON'r 2c)r 3 DATE 29 J U L 6 6 -- --- -- c ! H G --, 3- D S DOCUMENTNUMBERp OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E - .................... DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ ICD-CCBD , ACTUAL SCHED R E L DATE R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE DOC REV 7 A PHY I C D APS MODULES ON L A U V E H / S A T ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 1 4 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 4 IS APS PNEU U N I T S / I B A PHY I C D PNEUMATIC CONSOLE D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 6 / ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 7 IRN-CC8D 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 * 1* -) 3 65ICD5883 R - 1 8 05ICD5884 - IB - - - 11-10-65 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC 11-1 0 - 6 5 LO-FA 10-25-65 LO-FA 220-341 KSC- 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-347 KSC- i 220-347 I6 PHY I C D HEAT EXCHANGER D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 8 / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 IRN-CCBD ------ 201-66-0288 201-66-0288 A PHY I C D PNEUMATIC CONSOLE D S V - 4 6 - 4 3 3 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 j --as--- - A PHY I C D PNEUMAT XC CONSOLE D S V - 4 0 - 4 3 2 / ICD-CCBD IRM-CCBD -------- PREF I N T E R F A C E AREP5 C E N 7 OR C E I NUMBERS ACT! 201-66-142 A PIPING CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 8 I RN-CCBD 20 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 s IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 \'- OOCUMENT L v l b 04-12-65 LO-FA 02-04-66 LOFA 201-66-0287 A P I P I N G C R I T E R I A S Z V S STAGE PNEU SUP S Y S 220-347 KSC- -. KSC- �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG D 5 PAGE 2 9 JUL 6 6 ---- -- JATE DOCUMENTNUMBERI OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV - ------..------------- -I- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ........................................ NO 1RN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD J 65ICDS886 R R J. 2 SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E 1 DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE -------- 52 -- PREPARING - INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y ------ -------------- --I---- ----r------ ENTERED ENTERED A PHY I C D AFT UMB SWING ARM NO 2 S - I V B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 01-21-66 LOFA 040-347 MSFC-K-DT A PHY I C D FWD UMB SWING ARM NO 3 S - I V B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 01-21-66 LO-FA 040-347 NSFC-DT A PHY I C D I U U M B S U I N G ARM NO 3 NO IRN-CC8D ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 03-1 5 - 6 6 LOFA 090-347 HS F C-K-DT 08-02-65 LO-FA 0109347 KSC-P+VE 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P+Vt 08-02-45 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P+VE - - PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCSD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S - I S / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED PHY SH M A S T I V ICD O B A l T A I L L O X UMO S - I B / I t 3 ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD - (SH C M A S T I I ) 201-66-0284 2 0 1-66-0284 P H Y S I C A L I C D BOAT T A I L FUEL UPlB S - 1 8 / 1 8 - �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G 7 J AS DATE 29 J U L 6 6 206 CONT, , 7: H ? 7 d I 1 m 3 C * * 9 Q 2 , * ** 0 S DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E R DOC REV J 65ICD5892 R 1 R 2 R 3A R 4 R 5 - SCHEIJ ACTUAL R E 1 DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD 1 P. 201-66-0278 201-66-0278 PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED FWD I S H ARM = 1 ) 010-347 K S C- 010-347 KSC-; LO-FA 220-341 KSC- 01-07-66 LOFA 220-347 KSC- 12-30-65 LO-FA 220-347 M S FC 08-02-65 LO-FA 08-02-65 LO-FA A A PHYS I C D I N S T R U N I T PNEU C O N S O L E / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 03-02-66 A PHY I C D S - I V B I I U C O O L I N G U N I T / I B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 7 - - PHY ICD ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD B O A T TAIL COND UMBLS S-IBIB 201-66-0280 201-66-0280 P I P I N G C R I f € R I A INSTRUMENT U N I T LC34-37 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1-66-0144 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 8 PHY ICD ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD PREi I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENOR C E I NUMBERS ACT. VACUM MONITORING 201-66-0141 201-66-0285 CONSOLE SAT xa ' 01-10-66 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC 03-02-66 LOFA 220-347 HSFC- �IAOl APOLLO INTERFACE. CONTROL DOCUMENT L ~ G AS D A T k 2 9 JUL 66 -- --- -- U DOCUKENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T l C E _ .................... 5 DOC REV 206 ----- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -P--O---O--QI----Y-----------v---------- -P- PAGE CON?, SCHED ACTUAL REL D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA Y R MO D A YR CODE -------- ------we 54 --- PREPARING - I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T E R OR C E I N U M B E R S A C T I ' * ' - T Y ------ --------------- a--- .---- NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 3 A PHY I N T F CONT DWG I U FLOW CONT VALVE LOX ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 12-16-65 LO-FA 290-347 KSC-P+VE A L C 3 7 S I T E P L A N + GENL, 08-17-65 LO-FC 230-370 KSC-EDV-2 08-25-65 LOFC 230-370 KSC-EDY-2 LC-57 S / C F A C e f N S T o CABLE SYS-PHYSICAL NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 02-09-66 LOFC 230-370 KSC - L C 3 7 AC ELEC PWR SYS 01-28-65 LOFC 230-370 KSC-F - L C 3 7 OPNL T V SYS 03-1 5-65 LOFC , 230-370 XSC-F A L C 3 7 SAT I B S / C TRANSPORT ROUTE 03-1 5 - 6 5 LOFC 230-370 KSC-F - 02-08-66 LOFC 230-370 KSC 05-20-66 LOEL 230-370 KSC-LVO 0 2 - 1 6-66 LO-EL 230-340 HS FC-ASTR A L C 3 7 S / C DATA TRANS SYS NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - ARRANGE S / C GSE ( W I D E BAND) LC 3 7 HAZARD PROOFING S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A F A C I L I T Y C A B L I N G L C 3 7 F O R L E M +ESM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - HAZARD PROOF MON FOR S I C GSE L C - 3 7 SC ESE TO DC POWER S U P L D I S T + AC I N P U T ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 7 �APOLLO I N T E R F A C t CONTRCL DCICuHfN l L ~ C D A T E 2 9 JUL 66 -- --- -- A .TUAL SCHED REL D A T ~RE,.. Q A T E PANEL MO DA YR M O DA YR CODE L ,h i? . S DOCUMENT NUKBERr 3R R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER 09-14-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC A L C 3 7 B S A T I B SS P I P C R I T LEM F L D SYS 05.,16-66 LOPG 230-370 KSC - 07-01-65 LOFC 230-370 KSC 08-17-65 LOFC 230-370 FUNCT I N T E R F A C E REQS ECS L C 3 7 8 S/C-GSE 03--19-65 LOPG 100-370 FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 7 8 S / C GSE 05--02-66 LOPG 100-370 FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 7 8 S / C 05-02-66 LOPG 100-370 KSC- 02-09-66 LOPG 230-390 KSC- A P I P CRT'T . - -, 4 : A 65ICD6466 ? - * C 65ICD6467 * C 65ICD6468 : -? C 65 I C D 6 4 6 9 PR INTERFACE L X E ~ . .C E r OR CEI NUMBERS ACT - + I N T F LOC S / C F L D SYS L C 3 7 0 SS L C 3 7 LAUNCH CONTROL CENTER NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - S/C ESEIGSE L C 3 7 - S / C S E R V I C E STRUCTURE ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED L C 3 7 PAD B AREA ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED L C 3 9 A S / C GSE FUNC I N T F R E Q ~ G ' O X GSE K S C* - KSC- �PAGE J _ 5 DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV -__,___-. ---___-___-_ --- F 65ICD6500 SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D'A YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBO NUMBER - - C I - - Y P C . C . U > - P Y L ~ - - r = _ . C ~ - - - - - C - ~ P Q I P . P C _ I E A LC-37 INTERFACE S/C CZ), 1. ,--.*UU--P -------- -----c -.-----.. PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTI'!TTY - .>s>-.z--e GSE TO UMB TWR A L C 3 7 R UT PEP C R I T + I N T F LOC S i c FLC S V S NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN--5CBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - 3 7 8 PHY I N F F L E N UMB ARM C A B L E REQMTS NO IRN-GCBD ENTERED L C 3 7 SS T O L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 3 12-08-65 LC37 PAD AREA ESE/GSE-L/V ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 4 0 2 - 1 0-66 LO-FC L C 3 7 PHY I N T F S - I 8 STAGE TO HOLDDOWN ARM ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 1 01-1 0 - 6 6 LO-FC A 65ICD6703 -.-----;-- KSC-EDV 230-370 KSC-EDV 230-370 KSC-EDV . - -- ---- 230-370 220-370 LO-FC ---a KSC-EDV-2 . 220-370 KSC 000-370 KSC-EDV 220-210 MS FC-ASTR 220-200 MSFC-ASTR I A F A C I L I T Y CABLES L C - 3 7 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 5 - 56 --- FOR L V ESE SAT I 0 L V E S E T O RANGE SEQUENCING ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 6 08-17-65 LO-EL L V E S E / 6 0 AC POWER REQUIREMENTS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 1 02-11-66 LO-EL A L V ESE/INSTRUMENTATION SYS + RECORDERS �'l APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTR2L GdCUMFNT L O G ) D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 PAG -- --- -- SCHED . A C T !:.Si R E L D A T E R E . 'ATE PANEL MO DA Y K MG D A YY CODE C 9 G ) ' 1101 b S - , , DCCUMENTNUMBER, OK R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --------, ,,,-.,,.,,, .,,,,,-,, +++ A 6 5 1 C D 6 7 0 5 MSFC COUNTCLOCK TO KSC T I M I N G ICD-CCRD 20 8 - 6 5 - 0 6 5 1 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 1 - L V ESE TO K S C DATA MEASUREMENTS €3 - - , , , - , , , , , L V E S E TO WATER DELUGE SYS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 2 LC/34/37/33 A S/C J 651CD8304 , > ,,, ,= . , , , , - - J 65ICD8302 R f ".-, --, --I----- TIMING A o C o POWER RECo COUNTDOWN D I S T 4 4 CONN FUNCT I N T F REQMTS ECS MC L E M S / C GSE NO IRN-CCBD SM SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 ENTERED ENTERED LC37P39 LEM NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 - 1 7 2 ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD ---=--.--- -... .-.-------. 03-01-66 . A PREFrr GENTE I N T E R F A C E ARt &: OR C E I NUMEEF 4CTTb - ------.=------.LC ----- LOEL 220-340 MSFC-, 07-.f 3-66 LO-EL 220-347 . MS FC- 09-22-64 LO-FC 230-340 11.-29 - 6 5 LOFC 230-347 KSC- E i 0 5 03-65 LOPG 230-300 KSC- K. 10-01-64 LOFA 230-340 MSC-FI 03.-17-65 LOFA 230-300 KSC-DE L C 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 CMD MOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED VERT STOP FOR L E S ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A MOCK-UP 2 3 AFRM 9 T O ACCESS ARM WHT RM �AS 206 -. - PAGE CONY- - ".- SCHED J i30CUF8ENT NUMBER, OK R E V I S I O N NOTICE _ ___- _ 5 -- _-----.I ---.I -_-. J 651CD8311 A 651CD8400 J 65ICD840h ACTUAL R E 1 DATE R E L DATE PANEL DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --c -L I _ .-I 2 . .--r ...<I Y e . . .-.._.'%. * -.. -.. I . _ . _ , .WY_C.._ -.-L MO DA Y R MO DA YR CODE .-- .-. ..-...- ------.. -, - ~ ~ 3 4 ~ S M3 A R 7 M ELE C A B L E c F L T R NO XRN-CCED ENTERED eox C I M A C C E S S ARM ADPT HOOD T O S / C I N r F PEQ 11-04-65 FOR S A T I 0 VEH .-< - --. ...- 58 --- PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER CIR C E I NUMBERS ACTI".TY - -.-c-.CI- .i.E-...~--OOC-i P l F C i ---- 230-347 KSC-DE LSFA 100-300 HSC-EDV 07-01-65 LO-FC 200-347 MSFC-P+VE 07-01-65 LOVC GSE 05-07-65 LO-PG 220-347 KSC-DP A FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT % B NO IRN-CCBD ENTEPED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 8 02-23-66 LOPG 000-220 KSC-EDV 05-25-85 LO-PG - - L C 3 4 1 3 7 L/V+S/C S-IB MESALIGN, :Nsr L V PROTUBERANCES L C 3 4 L 3 7 FUNCT Z/F F L D RQMTS-ECS-SAT ICD-CC8D 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 10-L/V FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS S A T I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 501-66-0039 MSFC �i APOLLO I N T E R F A C E COrVTP I C i: C U " , C V T LOG D A T E 2 9 JUL -- ) j c ti 3 S 5 AS 66 --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER? OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV 206 .......-.-- A 65ICD8604 R , - Ai.1 SCHED R E L DATE REZ- D A T E P A Y E L MO DA Yh M O D A YR ::CIDE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ---_----- C-,. .-.----- PREPA I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T € OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV ---C)-..- -I------ LO-PG 000-220 KSC-K FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 SYS SAT 1 6 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 3 05-24.. 6 5 LO-PG 000-250 KSC-K FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS LOX SYS SAT I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 1 RN-CCBD 2 0 1-66-0130 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 05-25-65 LO-PG 000-250 KSC-K 05-25-65 LO-PG 000-250 KSC-K 12-10-65 LO-FA 110-300 KSC-E PHY I C D C A L I P S C / O CONSOLE SAT I 8 01-04-66 LOFA 220-347 MSFC- PHY I C D HAZARDOUS GAS ANALYZER SATURN I 0 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 9 12-10-65 LO-FA 220-347 MSFC- L O W BAY ESE TO I N S T R U SYS + REC 02-11-66 LO-EL 2200290 MS FC 07-07-65 FM 000-100 MSFC- FUNC i N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 SYS SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 IRM-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 IB 95. 2 4 - 6 5 1 - - FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS RP-1 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 80M90206 SYS SAT 18 PHY I N T F R E T R A C T I O N MECH Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 50 1-66-0164 ICD-CCBD A PAG CONY, --- - -------------------- --- ......................................... - IPOI COVER 501-66-0171 A F M L I G H T MECHANICS PANEL I C D 4 �APOLLO I N T E R F ~ C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L ~ G I A O ~ PAGE SCHED D S - A DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV ---- ACTUAL R E L DATE R E t .DATE PANEL DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE 6C --- PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NlJMBERS A C T J ' 'TY - ----I------------------C------P---------------.POP--.QL..PY-.-=-~---- 13M06548 - L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT PROCEGURAL ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 6 1 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 7 - L A U VEH T O SPACECRAFT F U N C T I O N A L REG L A ENVELOPE L E M / S - I V B / I U CLEARANCE P H Y S I C A L ICD-CCBD 201-66-0161 - - . 000-1 0 0 MSFC-P+VE 07-07-65 MI 000-100 HSFC-P+VE 05-10-66 IC 000-100 MSFC 08-02-65 IC 000-100 HSFC-ASTR PHY REQ B SATURN/APOLLO FREQ P L A N ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 5 6 - M-I REQ I N S T U N I T T O SPACECRAFT PHY ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 8 NO IRN-CCSD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 8 SPACECRAFT TO Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 7 12-30-65 EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 4 LV TO S C l O l I N S T R , + COMM. ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 6 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 6 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 6 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 6 9 INTERFACE -. �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DUCUMENT LUG D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- , : SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE C H G D DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER _-- - -------------------- --- ....................................... -, B D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 1 13fl65207 9 A 16331-63A107350 a . - -------- -c---- -----------.s--- I B ONBOARD EDS EDS L I M I T S E L E C I C D ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 -_.,---_-- PREPA I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTE OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV 04-1 5 - 6 7 COMP I N T F CS SEE-DWG MSFC- 03-18-65 E I 230-300 MSFC 08-12-65 €1 300-100 MSC ) A 16331-63A107393 I A 40M05417 R A SOFTWARE I C D - A C E S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 - 1 - - t V E S E / P R O P E L L A N T SYSTEMS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 4 L V ESE/LAUNCH EQUIPMENT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 5 SAT 1 8 L V E S E T O APOLLO S/C ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 9 A DEF S A - 2 0 7 + S C - 1 0 1 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 9 4 ESE E L E C T R I C A L INTERFACE A 40K37540 7 EDS CHECKOUT SCHEMATICS A 40M37551 - - COMP I N T E R F A C E DES SATURN S A - 2 0 7 AND APOLLO S C - 1 0 1 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 0 DEF S A T I B XU CMD SYS G S E / L C - 3 4 + L C - 3 7 000-220 EDS - - MSFC 000-1 00 PIS FC-1 280-290, MSFC-A �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS D A T t 29 JUL 66 -- --- -- D __ S DOCUMENTNUMBERI OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV 207 ----- CONT, PAGE SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA Y R MO .DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --€ PREPARINC INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y - -------- ------- -----... 07-1 2 - 6 6 IC 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC 280-290 MSFC-ASTF DEF S A T I S SRSC I N D P A N E L / l C - 3 4 + L C - 3 7 07-15-66 IC 280-290 MSFC-ASTF DEF SAT I B SRSC CODE PLUG/DECODER 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC SEE-DWG MSFC-ASTF 03-15-66 M-NF -------------------~ ---- ----Y----P---------------I - DEF SAT I 0 SRSC TEST ENCOD/LC-34+LC-37 DEF SRSC DECODER/LC-34 + LC-37 INTF INTF I C D SATURN I B / V CONTROL RATE GYRO PUG 09-14-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV 0 9 - 1 5 - 6-.5 LOPG -- 100-230 KSC-EDV FUNC I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 4 S / C GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 09-1 5 - 6 5 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV FUNC I N T F REQMTS GOX L C 3 4 S / C GSE 09-1 5 - 6 5 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV L C - 3 4 INTERFACE S / C GSE TO UMB TWR NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 04-05-66 LOFC 230-340 KSC-EDV 09-1 5 - 6 5 LOFA 230-340 KSC- LDV 02-11-66 LO-PG P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED F L D SYS L C 3 4 SS FUtlC I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 4 S/C L C 3 4 UT P I P NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD GSE C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED F L D SYS SAT I B P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC APS PPOP ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 1 4 2 �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL I.'. r!JMEhT ! OG PAGE D A T E 2 9 JUL 6 6 c H O G S --- DOCUMENTNUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE 9 0 SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL M O D A Y R M O D A Y R CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------------------- --- ........................................ J 65ICD5840 9 DOC REV R R R 1 2 3 I PREPAF I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER O R C E I NUMBERS ACTIVI 11-10-65 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC-E 11-10-65 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC-E A PHY I C D PNEUMATIC CONSOLE D S V - 4 B - 4 3 2 / 1 8 ICD-CCSD 2 0 1 - 6 0 - 0 2 8 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 8 10-25-65' LO-FA 220-347 KSC-K- A PHY I C D PNEUMATIC CONSOLE D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 3 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-K- A PHY I C D PNEUMATIC CONSOLE D S V - 4 B - 4 3 6 / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-K- 04-1 2 - 6 5 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-K- A PHY I C D APS MODULES ON L A U V E H / S A T 1CD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 1 4 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 4 A PIPING CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 - IB APS PNEU U N I T S / I B PHY I C D HEAT EXCHANGER D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 8 / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 - A P I P I N G C R I T E R I A S I V B STAGE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED P N E U SUP SYS -.. 02-04-66 LOFA 040-347 MSFC-E �. APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 -- --- -- DOCUYENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER NO IRN-CCBD ACTUAL SCHED REL DATE R E L ' D A T E PANEL MO DA Y R MO DA YR CODE 64 --. PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTF9 OR C E I NUMBERS ACT. TY - ENTERED A PHY I C D AFT UMB SWING ARM NO 2 S - I V B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 01-21-66 LOFA 040-347 HSFC-K-DT A PHY I C D FWD UMB SWING ARM NO 3 S - I V B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 01-2 1-66 LO-FA 040-347 NSFC-DT A PHY I C D XU UMB SWING ARM NO 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 03-1 5 - 6 6 LOFA 090-347 MSFC-K-Dl 08-02-65 LO-FA 08-02-65 LO-FA 08-02-65 LO-FA - - - FHY I C D UH5 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBO NO IRN-CCBD CONN S - I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED (SH C.MASTI1) SH. M A S T I V PHY I C D OBAT T A I L LOX UMB S - I B / I 8 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 -- P H Y S I C A L I C D BOAT. T A I L FUEL UHB S - I B / I B �APOLLO I N T E R F A C F CONTRr'!. AS D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- - 207 ----- 3 D G S DOCUMENT N U M B E R , O R R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCSD NUMBER ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD 010-347 KSC-P PHY I C D BOAT T A I L COND UMBLS S - I B / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 0 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSG-P A A PHYS I C D I N S T R U N I T PNEU CONSOLE/IB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 NO IRN-CCED ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-P A PHY I C D S - I V B / I U COOLING U N I T / I B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 7 01-07-66 LOFA 220-347 USC-P P I P I N G C R I T E R I A INSTRUMENT U N I T L C 3 4 - 3 7 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 8 12-30-65 LO-FA 220-347 MSFC- PHY I C D VACUM MONITORING CONSOLE SAT I B ICO-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 1 IRN-CCRD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 5 01-10-66 LO-FA 040-347 - MSFC- - R 1 FWD (SW ARM = 1 ) LO-FA - * - IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED \ I J 651CD5898 PKEPA INTERFACE AREA< CENTE OR C E I NUMBER: ACTIV 08-02-65 NO NO NO NO NO .I 6 5 I C D 5 8 9 7 SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE RE: D l T E PANEL MO DA Y k M O DA Y R CODE 20 1-66-0278 201-66-0278 P H Y I C D UMB CONN S I B / I B :* 301 CONT, C H LOG A PHY I C D I U COOLING U N I T L C 3 4 ALTERNATE' 6 �. APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE D A T E 2 9 JUL 66 - - ' [I S - --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E -------I------------- 61 i - DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE -------- -------- -u---- PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR CEI NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y - --------------- ----. *--- NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 3 A 651CD6000 A PHY I N T F CONT DWG I U FLOW CONT VALVE BOX ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 12-16-65 LO-FA A L C 3 7 S I T E P L A N + G E N L o ARRANGE S / C GSE 08-17-65 LO-FC 230-370 KSC-EDV-2 A L C 3 7 S/C DATA TRANS SYS ( W I D E BAND) NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 08-25-65 LOFC 230-370 KSC-EDV-2 LC-37 S / C F A C - I N S T - CABLE SYS-PHYSICAL NO TRN-CCBD ENTERED 02-09-66 LOFC 230-370 KSC L C 3 7 AC ELEC PWR S Y S 01-28-65 LOFC 230-370 KSC-F L C 3 7 OPNL T V SYS 03-15-65 LOFC 230-370 KSC-F A L C 3 7 SAT I B S/C TRANSPORT ROUTE 03-15-65 LOFC 230-370 KSC-F - 02-08-66 LOFC 230-370 KSC HAZARD PROOF MON FOR S / C GSE L C - 3 7 10-1 5 - 6 5 LOEL 210-370 KSC-LVO-2 S/C 02-11-66 LOEL 230-370 HSFC-ASTR 09-14-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV A 651CD6004 - LC 37 HAZARD PROOFING S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - A F A C I L I T Y C A B L I N G LC37FORLEM +ESM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - ESE TO DC POWER* ~ ~ ' 3 7 A PIP C R I T + I N T F LOC S/C F L D SYS L C 3 7 8 SS .. �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL GOCUMENT L O G DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- 1c SCHED H D G S j -9 DOCUMENT NUMBER* O R R E V I S I O N NOTICE - .................... F 651CD6069 A 65ICD6100 R 4 R 5 DOC REV --- ) 1 + R E L DATE RE; DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------- --Q--------_---_P--_eY____-_P---------- -0--0--- I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T E OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV ------ --------------- ----- 05-1 6-66 LOPG 230-370 KSC-E - 07-01-65 LOFC 230-370 KSC-F L C 3 7 - S / C S E R V I C E STRUCTURE ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 50 IRN-rCCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 08-17-65 LOFC L C 3 7 PAD B AREA ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 12-06-65 LOFC 230-370 MSFC- FUNCT I N T E R F A C E REQS ECS L C 3 7 0 S/C-GSE 03-19-65 LOPG 100-370 KSC-K FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 7 0 S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-370 KSC-E GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-370 KSC-E 02-09-66 LOPG 230-390 -KSC-E 06-17-66 LOFC 230-370 KSC-E 09-16-65 LOFA 230-370 KSC-El 8 - L C 3 7 LAUNCH CONTROL CENTER NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - S/C C 65ICD6469 - F 65ICD6500 A LC-37 F 65ICD6580 A L C 3 7 B UT P I P C R I T + l N T F LOC S / C A 651CD6466 PREPA A L C 3 7 8 S A T I B SS P I P C R I T LEM F L D SYS - i ACTUAL. FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 7 0 S / C ESE/GSE L C 3 9 A S / C GSE FUNC I N T F REQlGOX INTERFACE S/C GSE T O UMB TWR F L D SYS* KSC-E �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl DATE 29 J U L 6 6 -- D _ 5 '--- PAGE -- DOCUMENT NUMBER* OK R E V I S I O N N O T I C E .................... DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ...................................... NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD - PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY - -------- - - - - - - ------ ------------- ----.------ ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED 3 7 8 PHY I N T F LEM UMB ARM CABLE REQMTS NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED L C 3 7 PAD AREA ESE/GSE-L/V ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 4 230-370 KSC-EDV 02-1 0 - 6 6 LO-FC 220-370 KSC F O R LV ESE 01-25-66 LOEL 220-210 MSFC-ASTR SAT I B L V ESE TO RANGE SEQUENCING ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 6 08-17-65 LO-EL 220-200 MSFC-ASTR L V E S E / 6 0 AC POWER REQUIREMENTS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 1 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-370 (YSFC-ASTR A L V ESE/INSTRUMENTATION S Y S + RECOPDERS 03-14-66 LOEL 220-200 PIS FC-ASTR - 08-09-65 LO-EL 200-240 #SFC-ASTR LOEL 220-340 WSFC-ASTR 07-13-66 LO-EL 220-347 MSFCc-ASTR 09-22-64 LO-FC 230-340 A F A C I L I T Y CABLES LC-37B IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 5 - A 65ICD8001 SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE 68 --- - MSFC COUNTCLOCK TO KSC T I M I N G ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 1 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 1 L V ESE TO KSC DATA MEASUREMENTS L V ESE T O WATER DELUGE SYS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 2 LC/34/37/39 T I M I N G + COUNTDOWN D I S T 03-01-66 �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONYROL DLICUYENT L O $ , AS D A T t 29 J U L 66 -- --- -- C H D G - DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV 207 ----- CONT. DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ....................................... 11-29-65 LOFC FUNCT I N T F REQMTS ECS MC LEM S / C GSE 05-03-65 LOPG A.C. LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD B L C 3 7 / 3 9 LEM NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD - - I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTEI OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V -----. SM SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 ENTERED ENTERED SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 - 1 7 2 ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED L C 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 CMD MOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 100-300 MSC-N, VERT STOP FOR L E S ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 230-300 MSC-FI 230-300 KSC-Dl 230-347 KSC-D A MOCK-UP - PREPAI -------- -------- ------ -------------- POWER RECe + CONN A S/C - ,ACTUAL SCHED R E L DATE R E L DATE >ANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE 23 AFRM 9 T O ACCESS ARM WHT RM L C 3 4 / 3 7 SM ARM E L E C A B L E NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED LC34/37 S-IB L/V+S/C MISA.LIGN. + F L T R BOX XNST FOR SAT IS VEH L V PROTUBERANCES L C 3 4 / 3 7 11-04-65 LOFA 07-01-65 LO-FC 07-01-65 LOVC 05-07-65 LO-PG 501-66-0039 MSFC �r APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS' D A T t 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- 1 ; - DOCUMENTNUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E --------.------------ DOC REV 207 ----- --- ...................................... - - PAGE 70 ,'--- - PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y - ---- ----.. -,---, -,-,--------,-, - 201-66-0127 201-66-0127 IB 02-23-66 LOPG 000-220 KSC-EDV FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 2 05-25-65 LO-PG 000-220 KSC-K-DT FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 SYS SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 05-24-65 LO-PG 000-22 0 KSC-K-DT A FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS S A T NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 8 - CONT. SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A . YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IAOL 13 .-'. :\c -,-- - FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 SYS SAT I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 3 05-24-65 LO-PG 000-250 KSC-K-DT FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS LOX SYS SAT I B 05-25-65 LO-PG 000-250 KSC-K-!IT (-- \. �-i -/ APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 2 D A T E 2 9 JUL 6 6 IH c D DOCUMENTNUMBERp G 5 OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE > 1 AS -- --- -- R R f 2 A 65ICD8606 R R 1 , DOC REV - 1 2 3 J 65ICD8701 - A 80W90207 - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE -------- ----...--- ...----- PKEPd I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENT€ OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V -------------- ----- 201-66-0130 201-66-0130 201-66-0130 05-25-65 LO-PG 000-250 KSC-K 12-10-65 LO-FA 110-300 KSC-E 01-04-66 LOFA 220-347 HSFC- PHY I C D HAZARDOUS GAS ANALYZER SATURN I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 9 12-10-65 LO-FA 220-347 HSFC- LOW BAY ESE TO I N S T R U S Y S + REC 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFf 02-01-65 FM 000-100 HSFC- FUNC I N T F F L U I D REQMTS RP-1 ICD-CCBD 20 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 IRN-CCSD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 SYS SAT PHY I N T F R E T R A C T I O N MECH Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 4 PHY I C D C A L I P S C / O ICD-CCBD 1 CONT- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD - 207 ----- IB COVER CONSOLE SAT I 8 501-66-0171 F L I G H T MECHANICS P A N E L I C D �U A T t 2 3 JUL 66 AS -- --- -- U 5 - DOCUMENTNUMBERt OK R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV 208 ----- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -. SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L .DATE PANEL MO DA Y R MO DA YR CODE -------- -------- ------ A 16331-63A107350 A 16331-63A107393 ,A 4 0 M 0 5 4 1 7 R EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E P T A ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 4 08-17-65 IC B D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SAT I S ONBOARD E 3 ' ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 1 08-06-65 CS - 03-18-65 12-15-65 ELEC I C D ACE S/C-L/V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 COMP I N T F A SOFTWARE ICD-ACE S/C-L/V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 , - 1, - - 72 --- PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTT"'TY - -;------, , ,,,, , , , , --,,,,,,,--------------------- - PAGE ---- ---- ---------I---- 000-100 MSFC-ASTR 0 0 0 - 1 00 MSFC EI 230-300 MSFC £1 220-250 MSFC-ASTR - COMP INTERFACE LV ESE/PROPELLANT SYSTEMS ICD-CCBQ. 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 7 TRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 4 L V ESE/LAUMCH EQUIPMENT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 5 MSFC-ASTR SPACECRAFT GSE TO LAUNCH V E H I C L E G5r MSFC-ASTR - I N S T U N I T TO SPACECRAFT ELEC R E < MSFC-ASTR EDS CHECKOUT SCHEMATICS ?4SFC - DEF SAT l B I U CMD SYS GSE/LC-3 - DEF SAT I B SRSC TEST ENCOD/LC-*"&+LC-37 - DEF SRSC DECODER/LC-34 + LC-37 +LC-? INTF DEF S A T I B SRSC I N D PANEL/LC-34+LC-37 MSFC-ASTR MSFG-ASTR MSFC-ASTR HSFC-ASTR �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E C O N T R r l DijCUMENT i.O[; G A T E 29 JUL 6 6 -- --- -- .: C ; H U r v , --- R AS ., DOCUMENT NUMBEKo OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV -------------------- --- +++ A 50M12623 - - 208 ----- Ih ~ i ; CONTe PAGI SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER PREPA I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTE OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV ------------------------------9_----------- 07-15-66 IC SEE-DWG MSFC-, 03-15-66 M-NF 040-090 MSFC-I 09-14-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-El GSE 0 9 - 1 5-65 LOPG FUNC l N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 4 S / C GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 09-1 5 - 6 5 LOPG FUNC I N T F REQHTS GOX L C 3 4 S / C 09-15-65 LOPG 04-05-66 LOFC 11-10-65 LO-FA 11-10-65 LO-FA DEF SAT I B SRSC CODE PLUG/DECODER I C D SATURN I B / V CONTROL R A T E GYRO PKG P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC S/C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED F L D SYS L C 3 4 SS FUNC I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 4 S / C A L C - 3 4 I N T E R F A C E S / C GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A L C 3 4 UT P I P NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD INTF GSE TO UMB THR CRXT + I N T F LOC S / C F L D S Y S ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED A PHY ICD APS MODULES ON L A U V E H / S A T ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 1 4 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 4 A P I P I N G CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1-66-0305 APS PNEU IB UNITS/IB MSFC-I �D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 AS -- --- -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T l C E _ .................... DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD 3 65ICD58138 R 3 R 4 R 5 208 ----- PAGE CONT, SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L D'ATE PANEL MO D A Y R M O D A Y R CODE -------- -------- ------ 74 --- PREPARING LNTERFACE AREAS CENTEP OR C E I NUMBERS ACTI\ Y' - - - - P I - - - - - - - - - ---------- 201-66-0235 201-66-0281 i A PHY I C D AFT UMB SWING ARM NO 2 S - I V B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 01-2 1-66 LOFA F1S FC-K-DT A PHY I C D FHD UMB SWING ARM NO 3 S - I V B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED .IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 01-21-66 LO-FA MSFC-DT A PHY i C D I U U h B SWING ARM NO 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 03-1 5-66 LOFA 090-347 MSFC-K-DT 08-02-65 COFA 010-347 KSC-P+VE - ' I PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ( S H C MASTIII PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S - I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED SH M A S T I V 1 08-02-65 LO-FA - PHY I C D OBAT T A I L L O X UMB S - I B / T P ICD-CCBD 20 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 08-02-65 LO-FA - P H Y S I C A L I C D BOAT T A I L F U E L UMB S - I B / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 08-02-65 LO-FA \ 010-347 KSC-P+VE �AS' DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- 5 - 208 ----- H J G D --- -S DOCUMENT NUMBER* DR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV --- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER R R 1* I 1 2. J 65ICDS895 R R \ ( * 010-347 KSC-I 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P A A PHYS I C D I N S T R U N I T PNEU CONSOLE/IB ICO-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED ERN-CCBD 2 C 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-P A PHY I C D S - I V B / I U COOLING U N I T / I B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 7 01-07-66 LOFA 220-347 KSC-P 2 3 P I P I N G C R I T E R I A INSTRUMENT U N I T L C 3 4 - 3 7 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 8 12-30-65 LO-FA 220-347 MS FC- A PHY I C D I U COOLING U N I T LC34 ALTERNATE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-C'CBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 3 03-02-66 LOFA 220-347 HSFC- A PHY I N T F CONT DWG IU FLOW CONT VALVE BOX ICD-CCBD 2 0 1-66-0104 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 12-16-65 LO-FA 290-347 XSC-P. 02-08-66 LOFC 230-370 KSC 1 > J * * " Q \ -------- -------- ------ --------------- ---LO-FA PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD 65ICD5898 R 2 R 3 J , 65ICD5899 R 1 E 651CD6007 . . - CONN S I B / I B FWD (SW ARM ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED =I) PHY I C D BOAT T A I L COND UMBLS S - I B / I B ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD J 651CD5894 FFIEP INTERFACE AREAS CENT OR C E I NUMBERS ACTI' 08-02-65 + SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE ----------------u-- -------------------,----------.----------- - PAI CONT, C 1 I A3' APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG :j 201-66-0280 2 0 1-66-0280 LC 37 HAZARD PROOFING S / C �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG D A T E 29 J U L 66 AS -- --- -- I , DOCUMENTNUMBERI OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV CONT. 651CD6069 , PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTE' OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V i t Y - F L D S Y S L C 3 7 8 SS A L C 3 7 8 S A T I B SS P I P C R I T LEM F L D SYS L C 3 7 LAUNCH CONTROL CENTER NO IRN-CC$D ENTERED - S/C ESE/GSE 09-14-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV 05-16-66 LOPG 230-370 KSC-EDV 07-01-65 LOFC 230-370 KSC-F ; 651CD6467 - FUNCT I N T F REQMTS'GHE L C 3 7 8 S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-370 KSC-EDV ; 65ICD6468 - FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 7 B S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-370 KSC-EDV 3 7 8 PHY I N T F LEM UMB ARM C A B L E REQMTS NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 11-10-65 LOFA . 230-370 KSC-EDV L C 3 7 SS TO L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 3 12-08-65 LO-FC 220-370 KSC-EDV-2 L C 3 7 PAD AREA ESE/GSE-L/V ICD-CCBD 20 1-66-0204 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 4 02-10-66 LO-FC, 220-370 KSC L C 3 7 PHY I N T F S-1B STAGE TO HOLDDOWN ARM ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 1 01-10-66 LO-FC 000-370 KSC-EDV 08-17-65 LO-EL 220-200 MSFC-ASTR - - - T ENTERED ENTERED A P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C - ' 76 -- -------- -------- ------ --------------- --------- -------------------- --- ...................................... 65 ICD6068 PAGE SCHED ACTUAL R'EL D A T E R E L D A T E PANEL MO D A YR MO DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD : 208 ----- A F A C I L I T Y CABLES L C - 3 7 8 I RN-CCBD 20 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 5 FOR L V ESE - - S A T I B L V E S E T O RANGE SEQUENCING ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 0 - �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 JUL 66 AS -- --- -- ) ) C H G , DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV 208 ----- CONTo DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- - -------------------- --- ....................................... IRN-CCBD - '- - - -------- ------- ------ --------------- -----. L V E S E / 6 0 AC POWER REQUIREMENTS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 1 SYS + RECORDERS MSFC COUNTCLOCK T O KSC T I M I N G ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 1 1 RN-CCBD 201-66-0071 LV ESE TO K S C DATA MEASUREMENTS 02-1 1-66 LO-EL 220-370 MSFC-4 03-14-66 LOEL 220-200 MSFC-I 08-09-65 LO-EL 200-240 MS FC-i LOEC 220-340 MS FC-I '07-13-66 LO-EL 220-347 MSFC-i 03-01-66 LV E-SE TO WATER DELUGE SYS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 2 LC/34/37/39 T I M I N G + COUNTDOWN D I S T 09-22-64 LO-FC 230-340 LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD SM SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 ENTERED ENTERED 10-01-64 LOFA 230-340 MSC-F( 03-07-66 LOFA 230-340 KSC-EI L C 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 CMD MOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 11-1 7-64 L O F A 100-300 HSC-NI VERT STOP FOR' LES ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 11-18-64 230-300 8 LC37/39 - PREPAl I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T € ; OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV 201-66-0096 A L V ESE/INSTRUMENTATION - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE LEM SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 - 1 7 2 C / M ACCESS ARM ADPT' HOOD TO S / C I N T F REOW LOFA 100-300 - MSC-FC HSC-EC �. APOLLO INTERFACE, CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG - DATE 2 9 JUL 66 -- --- -- D S DOCUMt!NT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E PAGE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER A 65ICD8400 - LC34/37 J 651CD8401 - S-IB F 651CD8700 - J 65ICD8701 J 65ICD8702 R R - 1 2 A 80M90205 - L/V+S/C MISALIGN. SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL HO DA YR MU O A YR CODE LV PROTUBERANCES L C 3 4 / 3 7 COVER PHY I C D CALOPS CHECKOUT CONSOLE/SAT-IS PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTf' 'Y - -------- -------- ------ --------------- ---------- FOR SAT I B VEH PHY I N T F RETRACTION MECH Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 4 78. --- 07-01-65 LO-FC 07-01-65 LOVC 12-10-65 LO-FA 110-300 KSC-EDV LOFA 220-347 MSFC-EDV 12-01-65 200-347 501-66-0039 MSFC-P+VE MSFC PHY I C D HAZARDOUS GAS ANALYZER SATURN I S ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 2 NO IRN-CCSD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 9 12-10-65 LO-FA 220-347 MSFC-EDV LOW BAY ESE TO I N S T R U SYS + REC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 1 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 MS FC F L I G H T MECHANICS PANEL I C D �) IAOl APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG ) -- --- -- C H .G I PAGE D A T E 2 9 JUL 6 6 ) --- 0 " DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE .................... DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ - EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD A 13M65000 1 6 3 3 1 - 6 3 A 107350 A 16331-63A107393 - R - - 201-66-0114 08-06-65 CS 000-100 MSFC 03-18-65 EI 230-300 US FC 08-12-65 €1 300-100 MSC L V E S E / P R O P E L L A N T SYSTEMS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 7 " IRN-CCBD '20 1-66-0094 12-15-65 EI 220-250 USFC-A L V ESE/LAUNCH EQUIPMENT ICD-CCBD 201-65-0048 I RN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 5 12-16-65 €1 220-2 10 MS FC-A 220-230 MSFC-A E L E C I C D ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 COMP I N T F A SOFTWARE I C D - A C E S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 - - 1 - PREPAF I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTEF OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVl -------- -------- ------ --------------- ------ B D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SAT I B ONBOARD EDS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 1 4 A 40M05417 SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE COMP I N T E R F A C E , . - SPACECRAFT GSE T O LAUNCH V E H I C L E GSE - I N S T U N I T T O SPACECRAFT ELEC REQ MSFC-A - EDS CHECKOUT S C H E M A T I C S MSFC - DEF SAT I B I U CMD SYS G S E / L C - 3 4 + L C - 3 7 ..MS FC-A: - DEF SAT I B SRSC T E S T ENCOD/LC-34+LC-37 DEF SRSC DECODER/LC-34 + LC-37 INTF D E F S A T I B SRSC I N D P A N E L / L C - 3 4 + t C - 3 7 02-1 5 - 6 7 EI 07-1 5-66 MSFC-A! 07-1 5 - 6 6 HSFC-A! 07-1 5 - 6 6 HSFC-A! �APOLLO INTERFACE'CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 J U L 6 6 -- D S --- PAGE -- DOCUMCNT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CC8D NUMBER 80 --- PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTFn OR C E I NUMBERS ACTI'. Y - -- A 50M12625 - DEF SAT I 8 SRSC CODE PLUG/DECODER A 50K36801 - I C D SATURN I B / V CONTROL RATE GYRO P U G F 65ICOSOb8 R 7 A 65ICD5368 - P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED INTF F L D SYS L C 3 4 SS 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC SEE-DUG MSFC-ASTR 03-1 5 - 6 6 M- NF 040-090 MSFC-#-ED 09-14-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV FUNC I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 4 S/C GSE 09-1 5 - 6 5 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV FUNC I N T F REQPITS GN2 L C 3 4 S/C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED GSE 09-1 5 - 6 5 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV FUNC I N T F REQMTS GOX L C 3 4 S / C GSE LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV LOFC 230-340 K5C-EDV 230-340 KSC-EDV 040-347 HSFC-EDV A LC-34 I N T E R F A C E S / C GSE TO UP16 .TWR NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A L C 3 4 UT P I P NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CRIT + INTF ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED LOC S / C F L D SYS - .*. A PHY I C D APS MODULES ON LAU VEH/SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 1 4 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 4 A PIPING CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 5 . IB APS PNEU U N I T S / I B 11-10-65 LO-FA 11-10 - 6 5 LO-FA 040-347 HS FC-EDV �) APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 1 ) ) D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- C H D - DOCUMENT NUMBER? OK R E V I S I O N N O T I C E G --- .................... AS. DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ...................................... IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD J 65ICD5885 R 2 , 2 0 9 -COhJT, PAG. ----- SCHED ACTUAL REL D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREPAI I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTEI OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV: -------- -------- ------ --------------- 0----- 201-66-0235 201-66-0281 A PHY I C D AFT UMB SWING ARM NO 2 S - I V B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 01-21-66 LOFA 040-347 MSFC-)I A PHY I C D FWD UMB S W I N G ARM NO 3 S - I V B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 01-21-66 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC-I 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P+ PHY I C D OBAT T A I L LOX UMB S - I B / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 - 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 P H Y S I C A L I C D BOAT T A I L F U E L UMB S - I B / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 A PHY I C D I U UMB SWING ARM NO 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 - - PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S - I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED (SH C MAST111 SH M A S T I V KSC-P+ . KSC-P+ �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 PAGE -- --- -- D 5 DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E J 6SICD5892 R 1 R 2 R 3A . R R DOC REV - 4 5 - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL HO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREPAR TNG INTERFACE AREAS CENT!! OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y - .( -------- ------- ------ --------------- ----------i 08-02-65 FWD (SW ARM = 1 ) LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P+VE ( 08-02-65 LO-FA 03-02-66 LO-FA P I P I N G C R I T E R I A INSTRUMENT U N I T L C 3 4 - 3 7 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 8 12-30-65 LO-FA A PHY I C D XU COOLING U N I T L C 3 4 ALTERNATE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-GCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 3 03-02-66 LOFA PHY I C D BOAT T A I L COND UMBLS S - X B / I B ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD 82, --- 201-66-0280 201-66-0280 A A PHYS I C D I N S T R U N I T PNEU CONSOLE/IB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 20 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 A PHY I C D S - I V B / I U COOLING U N I T / I B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 7 - A PHY I N T F CONT DWG I U FLOW CONT VALVE BOX ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 .! 6 5 I C D 6 0 0 7 - LC 37 HAZARD PROOFING S / C MSFC-K-DT I ' 12-16-65 LO-FA 02-08-66 LOFC �1 APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS DATE 2 9 JUL 6 6 -- --- - > cH G D DOCUMENTNUMBERp OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV 209 ----- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD F L D SYS L C 3 7 8 SS LOPG 05-16-66 LOPG FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 7 8 S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 7 8 S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 378 PHY I N T F L E M UMB ARM C A B L E REQMTS 11-10-65 LOFA 02-1 0-66 LO-FC SAT 1 8 LV E S E T O RANGE SEQUENCING ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 6 08-1 7-65 LO-EL L V E S E / 6 0 AC POWER REQUIREMENTS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 1 0 2 - 1 1-66 LO-EL 220-370 MSFC-I 08-09-65 LO-EL 200-240 MSFC-I NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED L C 3 7 PAD AREA E S E / G S E - L / V ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 4 A F A C I L I T Y CABLES L C - 3 7 B IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 5 - A L V ESE/INSTRUMENTATION - PREPAI I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTEI OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV. 09-14-65 A L C 3 7 0 S A T I B SS P I P C R I T LEM F L D SYS - ACTUAL SCHED R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE ENTERED ENTERED A P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C - PAGI CONT. KSC FOR L V ESE SYS + RECORDERS MSFC COUNTCLOCK T O K S C T I M I N G ICD-CCBO 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 ' 1 . �A5 30'3 ----- CUNT , ,,- i.1 I s I-, .:I. NT N U M H F R . . / I ;ION N O T I C E DOL REV - . . I " 4 L -; a I !),\I. SCHED REL UATE ! ' A i'i: i)/r.~l;;L MO DA YR klfl Y1Z CODE I l Y CCHO NUPSER o r, . ' 7 Pii; 1NTEC.f:I ' * , ~ F . ?.REAS I ,'1.,'" u i OR CF! NIJYfiERS ACTIVITY i d - ' -_-------------- --.---- 03-01-66 LOEL 220-340 HSFC-ASTR 07-13-66 LO-EL 220-347 MSFC-ASTR l.i/3'c/.~S'I/:i? TI WI!VG + COUNTOOWN D I S T 09-22-64 LO-FC 230-340 * 1.L -.,:,-+/'37/:?C;' S Y .CI:r!r.; C.RM IJWB !.)ISC * A 1 4 0 1 9 Pj1-1 1 f?, !\[-!''C ~ , E I ty hj'r i i.! f+ p,lt3 :.<..:I-L :j<) !\I-<:I .ti![) 10-0 1-64 L0F:I LV ESE T O KSC DATA MEASUREHENTS ' L V ESE TO WATER DELUGE S Y S -------------- ---------- ICD-CCBD 20 1-65-0052 - ' 230-340 . . KSC-EDV 1-'14/37 L/V-F~/': klTCALIGN, FOR S A T TB VEH 07-01-65 LO-FC 700-347 MSFC S-I 8 LV PROTUBERANCES L C 3 4 1 3 7 PHY I N T F R E T R A C T I O N MECH Q-BALL ICD-CCSD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 4 COVER PHY I C D CALOPS CHECKOUT CONSOLE/SAT-IB 12-1 0-65 LO-FA 110-300 - KSC-EOV ' �IAOl APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G . ) -- --- -- - C H / PAGE D A T E . 2 9 J U L 66 9 DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV G DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- -------------------- --- ........................................ - J 65ICD8702 * * R R 1 2 I A 65IC09240 - A 80M90209 - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREPAP I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVI PHY I C D HAZARDOUS GAS ANALYZER SATURN I S ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 9 12-10-65 LO-FA 220-347 MSFC-E LOH BAY ESE TO I N S T R U SYS + REC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 1 0 2 - 1 1-66 LO-EL 220-290 MS FC FM 000-100 MSFC-A F L I G H T MECHANICS PANEL I C D 09-09-99 �APOLLO INTERFACE' CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 J U L 6 6 PAGE -- --- -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V l S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL D A T E PANEL MO D A YR MO D A YR CODE -------- -------- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER 1 IAOl -a_--- --86( PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTFQ OR C E I NUMBERS ACT1 Y - ------------- -------- I A 13M65000 A 16331-63A107350 EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 4 B D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 1 - ELEC I C D ACE S/C-L/V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 I B ONBOARD EDS COMP I N T F A SOFTWARE ICD-ACE S/C-L/V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 A 40M05466 - LV NO NO NO NO NO NO NO IC 000-100 WSFC-ASTR 08-06-65 CS 000-100 MSFC 03-18-65 EI 230-300 MSFC COMP INTERFACE A L V ESE TO PROPELLANT SYS AND ECS IRN-CCBD 201-66-0179 - 08-17-65 P NSFC- ESE TO LAUNCH EQUIPMENT IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCSD ENTERED L V ESE/PROPELLANT SYSTEMS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 7 12-15-65 EI L V ESE/LAUNCH EQUIPMENT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 8 12-16-65 EX . SPACECRAFT GSE TO LAUNCH V E H I C L E GSE LAUNCH VEH GSE/PROPELLANTS + GASSES GSE . . r .8 220-250 WSFC-ASTR 220-2 10 HSFC-ASTR �IAOl APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G PAGE SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE # f > D DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER PREPARI I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVIT A 40M05468 - LAUNCH V E H I C L E GSE TO LAUNCH E Q U I P GSE 05-15-67 EI 210-220 MSFC-AS 40M37514 - I N S T UN.IT T O SPACECRAFT ELEC REQ 09-0 1-66 EI 000-100 MSFC-AS - EDS CHECKOUT SCHEMATICS 11-30-67 EI 000-220 MSFC DEF SAT 1 8 I U CMD S Y S G S E / L C - 3 4 + L C - 3 7 07-15-66 IC 280-290 MSFC-AS' DEF SAT I S SRSC T E S T ENCOD/LC-34+LC-37 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC 280-290 MSFC-AS' 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC 280-290 MSFC-AS1 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC 280-290 MSFC-AS1 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC SEE-DWG MSFC-AS1 03-1 5-66 M-NF 040-090 MSFC-M-E KSC-EDV I A 40M37717 ' - .'. .. - DEF SRSC DECOOERt'LC-34 + LC-37 INTF DEF S A T I B SRSC I N D P A N E L / L C - 3 4 + L C - 3 7 DEF SAT I B SRSC CODE PLUG/DECODER I C D SATURN I B / V INTF CONTROL R A T E GYRO PKG P I P C R I T + 1 N T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED F L D SYS L C 3 4 SS 09-14-65 LOPG 100-230 F U N C ' I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 4 S / C GSE 09-15-65 LOPG 100-230 FUNC I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 4 S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED GSE 09-1 5 - 6 5 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV FUNC I N T F REQMTS GOX L C 3 4 S / C GSE 09-1 5 - 6 5 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV 04-05-66 LOFC 230-340 KSC-EDV A LC-34 I N T E R F A C E S / C GSE TO UMB TWR NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED . KSC-EDV �APOLLO INTERFACE' CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl -- --- -- DATE 2 9 J U L 66 D S DOCUMZNT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E PAGE DOC REV SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REC DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE --88 PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENT' OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIb,iY ------- -------- ------ -------------- ---------- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER 09-15-65 LOFA 230-340 KSC-EDV L V ESE TO F A C I L I T Y C A B L I N G LC-34 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 4 4 10-06-65 LO-EL 220-340 MSFC-ASTR L V ESE TO RANGE SEQUENCING L C - 3 4 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 6 05-28-65 LO-EL 220-340 MSFC-ASTR L V ESE TO I N S T R SYS + RECORDERS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 8 02-18-66 LO-EL r220-200 RSFC-ASTR MSFC COUNT CLOCK TO KSC T I M I N G ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 9 06-08-65 LO-EL 200-240 MSFC-ASTR L V ESE TO K S C DATA MEASUREMENTS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 6 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 6 12-15-65 LO-EL 220-340 PISFC-ASTR ~05-28-65 LO-EL 220-340 FISFC-ASTR 11-10-65 LO-FA 040-347 IUISFC-ED!! L C 3 4 UT P I P NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD LV NO NO NO C R I T 4 I N T F LOC S I C F L D SYS ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ESE TO F A C I L I T Y AC POWER L C - 3 4 IRN-CCBD ENTERED TRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCED ENTERED -. L V ESE TO WATER DELUGE SYSTEM ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 0 PHY I C D APS MODULES ON L A U VEH/SAT IS ....-. ( ;, (\ !' ' �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 3 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 H D DOCUMENTNUMBEKp OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E I S --.................... 3 DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD ,, SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL D A T E ' P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE -------- -we----- PREP INTERFACE AREAS CENT O R . C E I NUMBERS ACT1 ------ --------------- ---- 201-66-143 201-66-0239 201-66-0234 A PIPING CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 APS PNEU U N I T S / I B 11-1 0 - 6 5 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC A PHY I C D AFT UMB SWING ARM NO 2 S - I V B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 0 1 - 2 1-66 LOFA 040-347 MSFC A PHY I C D FWD UM8 SWING ARM NO 3 S - I V B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 01-21-66 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC A PHY I C D I U U M B S W I N G ARM NO 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 03-1 5 - 6 6 LOFA 090-347 MSFC 08-02-65 LOFA 010-347 08-02-65 LO-FA 08-02-65 LO-FA - - PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED PHY I C D UM8 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S - 1 6 / 1 0 ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED (SH C M A S T I I ) SH H A S T I V - KSC- . PHY I C D 0BAT T A I L LOX UMB S - I B / I B .. , . 010-347 . KSC-C �( IAOl PAGE DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD - - ------- -------- ------ PREPARING ( INTERFACE AREAS CENTFn OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I , . Y - --------- ( I------ 201-66-0284 201-66-0284 P H Y S I C A L I C D BOAT T A I L FUEL UMB S - I B I I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO ISN-CCBD NO IKN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED FWD (SW ARM = I ) 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P+VE I 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P+VE 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 RSC-P+VE 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-P+VE 12-30-65 LO-FA 220-347 HS FC-K-DT I I PHY ICD BOAT T A ~ LCOND UHBLS S-IBIB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 0 A A PHYS I C D I N S T R U N I T PNEU CONSOLE/IB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 J 65ICD5895 R 2 ?I 3 SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL HO DA YR MO DA YR CODE --90( - 7 A PHY I C D S - I V B I I U COOLING U N I T / I B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 7 - P I P I N G C R I T E R I A INSTRUMENT U N I T L C 3 4 - 3 7 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 8 A PHY I C D I U COOLING U N I T L C 3 4 ALTERNATE ( 03-02-66 LOFA 220-347 HSFC-X-DT I �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 3 3' -- --- -- DATE 29 JUL 6 6 c H D DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV 3 - - -S -------------------- --- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ---------------------em----------------- ACTUAL SCHED REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE -------- -------- ------ PREl INTERFACE AREAS CENl OR C E I NUMBERS ACTi ---- ---I------- NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 3 * 3 * 3 3 1 I ' ' ' ? 3 65ICD5899 R E t 1 65ICD6007 R 1 R 2 A PHY I N T F CONT DWG I U FLOW CONT VALVE BOX ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 12-1 6-65 LO-FA 290-341 KSC- - 02-08-66 LOFC 230-370 KSC 09-14-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC- 05-16-66 LOPG 230-370 KSC- FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 7 8 S I C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-370 KSC- FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 7 8 S / C 05-02-66 LOPG 100-370 KSC- 3 7 8 PHY I N T F LEPI UMB ,ARH CABLE REQMTS NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 11-10-65 LOFA 230-370 KSC- L C 3 7 SS TO L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 3 12-08-65 LO-FC 220-370 K S C- L C 3 7 PAD AREA ESE/GSE-L/V ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1-66-02-04 02-10-66 LO-FC 220-370 L C 3 7 PHY I N T F S - I B STAGE TO HOLDDOWM ARM ICD-CCBD 2 0 1-66-0 10 1 01-1 0 - 6 6 LO-FC 000-370 09-22-64 LO-FC 230-341) LC 37 HAZARD PROOFING S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED + I N T F LOC S / C F L D SYS L C 3 7 B SS F 65 I C D 6 0 6 8 A PIP CRIT 3 F 65ICD6069 A L C 3 7 B S A T I B SS P I P C R I T LEM F L D SYS * C 65ICD6467 - - - GSE , 4 LC/34/37/39 TIMING + COUNTDOWN D I S T - KSC KSC-I �DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 AS -- --- -- ) DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E _ .................... 5 DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ....................................... - J 65ICD8301 2 1 0 COMT. ----- LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD 8 LC37/39 - PAGE SCHED ACTUAL REL D A T E REL D'ATE PANEL M O DA Y R MO DA YR CODE 92 --( . PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER ( OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I \ ' f ------- ------ -------------- -------- -La---- ( SM SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 ENTERED ENTERED LEM SWG ARH UMB D I S C A L 4 - 1 7 2 t C 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 CMD MOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED MSC-NAA VERT STOP FOR LES ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD E N T E R E D t4SC-FO C/M ACCESS ARM ADPT HOOD TO S / C ( ( I N T F REQ 11-04-65 LOFA H I S A L I G N - FOR SAT I B VEH 07-01-65 LO-FC 07-01-65 LOVC 12-10-65 LO-FA 110-300 KSC-EDV PHY I C D HAZARDOUS GAS ANALYZER SATURN I 6 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 2 7 9 12-10-65 LO-FA 220-347 NSFC-EDV LOW BAY ESE TO I N S T R U SYS + REC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 1 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 FH 000-100 L C 3 4 1 3 7 L/V+S/C S-I B L V PROTUBERANCES L C 3 4 / 3 7 PHY I N T F RETRACTION MECH Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 4 COVER MSC-EDV 100-300 .. 200-347 501-66-0039 I ' PHY I C D CALOPS CHECKOUT CONSOLE/SAT-I8 F L I G H T MECHANICS PANEL I C D 09-09-99 : ' MS FC MS FC-AERO I �IA01 APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 1 /u : PAG -- --- -- DATE 2 9 J U L 66 C H G D i - DOCUMENT NUMBER* OK R E V I S I O N N O T I C E SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL HO DA YR MO DA YR CODE DOC REV PREPA INTERFACE AREAS CENTE OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -------- -------- ------ -------------- ----- .i , , -,,---,------------- -i - A 13/460004 A 13M65000 1 A 16331-63A 1 0 7 3 5 0 , 1. - - 40Ft37515 +++ A 5 0 M 1 2 6 1 3 IC 000-100 MSFC- 08-06-65 CS 000-100 MSFC 03-18-65 €1 230-300 MSFC 08-12-65 EI 300-100 MSC L V ESE/PROPELLANT SYSTEMS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 7 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 4 12-15-65 Ef 220-250 MS FC- L V ESE/LAUNCH EQUIPMENT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 5 12-16-65 EI 220-210 MSFC- EI 220-230 MSFC- EI 220-250 MS FC- LAUNCH VEH GSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONT GSE EI 210-220 HS FC- LAUNCH V E H I C L E GSE TO LAUNCH E Q U I P GSE EI 210-220 LAUNCH V E H I C L E GSE TO F A C I L I T Y GSE EI 210-220 US FC-4 I N S T U N I T T O SPACECRAFT ELEC REQ EI 000-100 MS FC-4 DEF SAT I S I U CMD SYS GSE/LC-34+LC-37 IC 280-290 .HSFC-I ELEC I C D ACE S/C-L/V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 I B ONBOARD EDS COMP I N T F A SOFTWARE ICD-ACE S/C-L/V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 - 40M05476 08-17-65 8 D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 1 i A 16331-63A107393 E M 1 COMPATI B I t l T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 4 - COMP INTERFACE SPACECRAFT GSE TO LAUNCH V E H I C L E GSE LAUNCH VEH GSE/PROPELLANTS + GASSES GSE . .. MS FC- �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE DATE 29 J U L 66 -- --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E .................... 5OM12614 REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --....................................... - 50M12623 - DEF SAT I B SRSC CODE PLUG/DECODER SOH36801 - I C D SATURN I B / V 6 5 ICD5368 , 65ICD5370 - - 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC 280-290 c c C HSFC-ASTR ,- 50M12622 - PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR CEI NUMBERS A C T I V I . -------- -------- ------ --------------- --------- DEF SAT I B SRSC T E S T ENCOD/LC-34+LC-37 - 50M12621 ACTUAL SCHED R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL M 0 DA Y R HO DA YR CODE DOC 94 --- - DEF SRSC DECODER/LC-34 + LC-37 INTF DEF S A T I B SRSC I N 0 P A N E L / L C - 3 4 + L C - 3 7 INTF CONTROL R A T E GYRO PKG P I P C P I T + I N T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED F L D SYS L C 3 4 SS FUNC I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 4 S / C GSE FUNC I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 4 S / C G S E NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED FUNC I N T F REQMTS GOX L C 3 4 S / C GSE A L C - 3 4 I N T E R F A C E S / C GSE T O UMB TWR NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A L C 3 4 UT P I P NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD C R I T + I N T F LOC S I C F L D SYS ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED -'WSFC COUNT CLOCK T O KSC TIt4ING ICD-CCBD 201-65-0039 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC 280-290 07-15-66 IC 280-290 WSFC-ASTR 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC SEE-DWG WSFC-ASTR 03-1 5-66 M- NF 040-090 WSFC-M-ED 09-1 4-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV 09-15-65 LOPG 09-1 5 - 6 5 LOPG 09-15-65 LOPG KSC-EDV 04-05-66 LOFC KSC-EDY 09-1 5 - 6 5 LOFA KSC-EDV 230-340 KSC-EDV -C �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 2 j AS. --- -- DATE 29 J U L 66 H ' G D S -- DOCUMENTNUMBERI OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE 211. ----- CONT. SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- - -------------------- --- ........................................ PREPA I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTE OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV -------- -------- ------ ------------- ----- 11-10-65 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC- 11-10-65 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC- A PHY I C D AFT UMB SWING ARM NO 2 S - I V B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 01-21-66 LOFA 040-347 MSFC- A PHY I C D FWD UMB SWING ARM NO 3 S - I V B ICD-CCBD 201-66-0290 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 01-21-66 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC- A PHY I C D IU UMB SWING ARM NO 3 I RN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 03-1 5 - 6 6 LOFA 090-347 MSFC- - 08-02-65 LOFA 010-347 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 A PHY I C D APS MODULES ON L A U VEH/SAT ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 1 4 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 9 I RN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 4 A P I P I N G CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 5 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 - IB APS PNEU U N I T S / I B PWY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED PHY I C D UHB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S - I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED (SH C MASTXI) SH HASTXV . ' KSC-P - KSC-P �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 -- --- -- O S DOCUMENT NUMBER* OK R E V I S I O N NOTICE AS DOC REV 211 IAOl CON?. DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER SCHED ACTIJA L REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL #O DA YR MU DA YR CODE PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENT OR C E I NUMBERS ACT:+ s T Y - - -- - PHY I C D OBAT T A I L LOX UM8 S - I B / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 08-02-65 LO-FA P H Y S I C A L I C D BOAT T A I L FUEL UMB S - I B / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 08-02-65 LO-FA 08-02-65 LO-FA PHY I C D BOAT T A I L CON0 UMBLS S - I B / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 0 08-02-65 A A PHYS I C D I N S T R U N I T PNEU CONSOLE/IB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 A PHY I C D S - I V B / I U COOLING U N I T / I B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 7 - - 010-347 KSC-P+VE LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P+VE 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-347 KSC-P+VE 01-07-66 LOFA 220-347 KSC-P+VE P I P I N G C R I T E R I A INSTRUMENT U N I T L C 3 4 - 3 7 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 8 12-30-65 LO-FA 220-347 HS FC-K-DT. A PHY I C D I U COOLING U N I T L C 3 4 ALTERNATE 03-02-66 LOFA 220-347 HSFC-K-DT - - - - PHY I C D UHB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED FWD [SW ARM = I ) �i A01 APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE DATE 2.9 J U L 6 6 -- --- -- C H G 3 , LII Y DOCUHENTNUMBERp OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE . . . - I I P I - - - I I " I - - - - - - - DOC REV 1m- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ........................................ PREPAF INTERFACE AREAS CENTEF OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVI SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR HO D A Y R CODE -------- ----..,.--- ------ --------------- ------ NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 3 J 65ICD5899 R 1 A PHY I N T F CONT DWG I U FLOW CONT VALVE BOX ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 F 6SICD6068 12-16-65 LO-FA 290-347 KSC-Pi 02-08-66 LOFC 230-370 KSC 09-14-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EC 05-16-66 FOPG 230-370 KSC-EC GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-370 KSC-EC FUNCT INTF REQMTS GN2 L C 3 7 8 S / C G S E 05-02-66 LOPG 100-370 KSC-EC 370 PfY i I N T F LEM UMB ARM CABLE REQMTS NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 11-10-65 LOFA 230-370 KSC-EI L C 3 7 PAD AREA ESE/GSE-L/V ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 4 02-10-66 LO-FC 220-370 KSC 0 1-2 5 - 6 6 LOEL 220-210 MS FC-I 08-17-65 LO-EL 220-200 MSFC-CI LC 37 HAZARD PROOFING S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC S/C F L D SYS L C 3 7 8 SS A L C 3 7 B S A T I B SS P I P C R I T LEM F L D SYS - - FUNCT I N T F REQHTS GHE L C 3 7 B S / C A F A C I L I T Y CABLES LC-37B IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 5 - FOR L V ESE SAT I B L V ESE T O RANGE SEQUENCING ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1-66-009b '. , �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 AS -- --- -- D S DOCUMENTNUMBERv OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV 211 ----- CONT. DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - -------------------- --- ....................................... - L V E S E / 6 0 AC POWER REQUIREMENTS A A 651CD6T05 - A 651CD6770 - - - PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTr OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V ~ J Y - -------- -------- ------ --------------- -------LO-EL 220-370 MSFC-ASTR L V ESE/ INSTRUMENTAT ION SYS + RECORDERS 03-14-66 LOEL 220-200 ;JISFC-ASTR MSFC COUNTCLOCK TO KSC T I M I N G ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 1 IRN-CCSD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 1 08-09-65 LO-EL 200-240 BfSFC-ASTR LOEL 220-340 HSFC-ASTR 07-13-66 LO-EL 220-347 WSFC-ASTR 230-340 KSC-EDV L C 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 CHD MOD ACCESS ARH C A B L I N G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 100-300 HSC-I VERT STOP FOR L E S ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 230-300 HSC-FO 201-66-0121 L V ESE TO KSC DATA MEASUREMENTS L V ESE TO WATER DELUGE SYS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 5 2 tC/34/37/39 T I M I N G + COUNTDOWN D I S T 09-22-64 LO-FC LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD SM SWG ARM UM8 D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 ENTERED ENTERED 10-01-64 LOFA B LC37/39 - SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL H O D A Y R MO DA YR CODE 98 --- 02-1 1-66 ICD-CCBD A 65ICD6703 PAGE LEH SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 - 1 7 2 C/M ACCESS ARM ADPT HOOD TO S / C L C 3 4 1 3 7 L/V+S/C MISALIGN. - I N T F REQ 11-04-65 LOFA 100-300 WSC-EDV FOR SAT 1 8 VEH 07-01-65 LO-FC 200-347 84SfC-P+VE �I A01 APOLLO I N T E R F A C E C O ~ T R O L DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 JUL PAG 66 -- --- -- C H D G --. C OOCUMENTNUMBERp OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E _ .................... J 65IC08401 DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ - S - I 8 L V PROTUBERANCES L C 3 4 / 3 7 - PHY I N T F R E T R A C T I O N MECH Q-BALL COVER ICD-CCBD - - PHY I C D HAZARDOUS GAS ANALYZER SATURN I8 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 201-66-0279 ICD-CCBD -------- ------- -----07-01-65 LOVC 12-10-65 LO-FA PREPA I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTE OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V ------*------a- -----. 501-66-0039 MSFC 501-66-0164 PHY I C D CALOPS CHECKOUT C O N S O L E / S A T - I 8 - LOW B A Y SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MD DA YR MO DA YR CODE ESE T O I N S T R U S Y S + REC 501-66-0171 12-01-65 LOFA 12-10-65 LO-FA 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-347 MSFC-I �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 -- D S --a -- DOCUMENTMUMBER, OR R E V I S l O M N O T I C E PAGE 100( -- DOC REV - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER 16331-63Al07350 A 16331-63A107393 - ELEC I C D ACE S/C-L/V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 - LV NO NO NO NO NO NO NO --------------- --------- I - ( COMP INTERFACE 08-12-65 €1 300-100 HSC t 08-06-65 €1 220-250 NSFC-ASTR E1 220-230 N S FC-ASTR EI 220-250 MSFC-ASTR -. ESE TO LAUNCH EQUIPMENT IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IMN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED SPACECRAFT GSE TO LAUNCH V E H I C L E GSE LAUNCH VEH GSE/PROPELLANTS + GASSES GSE LAUNCH V E H I C L E GSE TO LAUNCH E Q U I P GSE - I N S T U N I T T O SPACECRAFT - ! ONBOARD ED$ A L V ESE TO PROPELLANT SYS AND ECS IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 9 - - COMB I N T F A SOFTWARE ICD-ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 - --..------------- PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTr OR c ~ Nr U M B E R S ACTT~=# ,i 'r' EMI COMPATIBILITY DESIGN CRITERIA ICD-CCSD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 4 B D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SAT It3 ICD-CCBD 2 0 9 - 6 6 - 0 0 5 1 A SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE P A N E L MD B A YR M O D A vn CODE ELEC REQ DEF SAT 18 IU CMD SYS G$E/bC-34+LC-37 - ( �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- 1 D S DOCUMENT NUMBER, DRREVISIONNOTICE PAGE DOC REV ___ _ _-_-____---_----___ ........................................ ; DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER _-L A 65ICD7167 - A 65ICD7300 - R 2 R R 4 6 F 65ICD7468 A 65ICD7500 * R R 3 , SA - -------a 05-03-65 L C 3 9 LCC F A C I L I T Y S / C ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 03-0 5 - 6 5 LC39 PI'PING NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD LC39/MSS C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C ENTERED ENTERED . ENTERED ENTERED F L D SYS P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC LEM F L D SYS' PREPAR I , I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T ' -------- ------ --------------- FUNCT I N T F RQHTS ECS L C 3 9 / V A B LEM SC GSE A L C 3 9 MAT-ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - SCHED ACTUAL REL D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L HO DA YR MO DA YR CODE LOPG -------a 230-390 KSC-K-Dl 230-390 KSC-F 01-25-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 09-03-65 LOPG 100-200 KSC -. 12-02-65 LOPG 140-390 01-12-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-EDV 4 L C 3 9 PAD A NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED ENTERED , KSC-F �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 JUL 66 PAGE 19 -- --- -- D S -- DOCUMENT NUMBER, DR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E -- DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ ----------------I-- A L C 3 9 SAT V VEH STAGE + S / C 0 65ICD7010 MISALIGNMENT SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MU DA YR MO D A YR CODE PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CEP, 9 OR C E I NUMBERS ACTig I T Y -------- -------- ------ -------------- --------08-13-65 LOFC 100-390 KSC-EDV-2 04-28-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 03-19-65 LOPG 100-395 KSC-K-D? A LC39 CSM + LEM T O F A C I L I T Y CABLES NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NU IRN-CCBD E N ~ ~ K E D NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - A 65ICD7052 S/C GSE TO HAZARD PROOF MON SYSTVLC-39 A L C 3 9 VAB H I G H BAY AREA TO S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBO ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A 65ICD716.6 ' - FUNCT 1 NTF REQS E C S L C 3 9 V A B a S / C - G S E �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 66 AS -- --- -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV - E 651CD7006 * CONT- PAGE 1' -. SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE PREPARIN) I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY - -------- -------- ------ --------------- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD - 507 ----- --------I 50 1-66-0083 L V ESEt'PROPELLANT SYSTEMS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 4 L V E S E TO LAUNCH EQUIPMENT ICD-CC0D 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 9 SC E S E TO L V E S E 12-01-66 €1 220-230 MSFC-AST' I N S T U N I T T O SPACECRAFT ELECT REQ 11-0 1-66 EI 000-100 MSFC-AST 05-06-67 CS 000-100 MSFC-ASTI EDS CHECKOUT SCHEMATICS 05-30-68 E I 000-220 MSFC I C D SATURN I B / V 03-15-66 M- NF 040-090 MSFC-M-El 01-28-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F L C 3 9 DATA TRANS S Y S ( W 1 D E BAND) NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 02-02-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F L C 3 9 CPNL INTERCOM SYS-S/C 02-06-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC 03-23-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 03-1 5-65 LOFC 230-390 DES OF SATURN S A - 5 0 7 + APOLLO SC EDS CONTROL R A T E GYRO PKG L C 3 9 S I T E P L A N + G E N L ARRANGE-S/C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED L C 3 9 FAC GSE ESE/GSE INST C A B L I N G - L O C / R D U T I N G S/C 4 L C 3 9 OPNL T V SYS-FAC-S/C ESEIGSE A L C 3 9 S A T V TRANSP ROUTES - S / C - �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 19: OAT€ 29 J U L 6 6 --- -- --- -- D S DOCUMENTNUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV - - -------------------- --- - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ........................................ - -------- -------- ------ PREPESIYG I N T E R F A C E AREAS CEN' OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY - ---------- -------------I- L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT PROCEDURAL REQ ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 7 7 IRN-CCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 8 L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT F U N C T I O N A L REQ ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 5 B ENVELOPE L E M / S - I V B / I U ICD-CCBD 50 1-66-0099 - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR M U DA YR CODE CLEARANCE P H Y S I C A L - INSTRUMENT U N I T TO SPACECRAFT PHYS REQ NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 6 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 1 4 SPACECRAFT T O Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 PHYS REQ MSFC B SATURN/APOLLO FREQ P L A N ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 5 6 - EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 201-66-0114 B D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SATURN V ONSOARD EDS ICD-CCBD - 000-100 MSFC-ASTR 08-06-65 C-S 000-100 iclSFC- 03-18-65 €1 300-230 MSC 3 0 0 - 1 00 14SC 501-66-0078 E L E C I C D ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 A SOFTWARE I C D - A C E COMP I N T F S/C-L/'J COMP I N T E R F A C E �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG ,. . AS DATE 2 9 JUL 6 6 -- D S --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE J 65ICD9776 I DOC REV - 65ICD9776-001 k+ 66ICD7009 A 80M90506 CONT. DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER PAGE 1 - SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE 02-10-66 P H Y I C D P I P E C R I T S I C FWD UHB SERV UN SV ICD-CCBD PREPARIN INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y - -------- - - - - - - ------ -------------LO-FA 010-220 -I---- MSFC-EDV 501-66-0180 SEE, B A S I C NUMBER FOR R E V I S I O N ~ T I T L E ~ E T C o - 66ICD7007 506 ----- ' SEE-DWG PHY I C D + P I P C R I T HAZ GAS ANALYZER SATV ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 0 I RN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 5 02-04-66 LO-FA 220-000 HSFC-EDV A L C 3 9 M L PHY L O C PORT I U WATER ACCUM CART ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 7 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-EDV 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC 01-20-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC-EDV- 10-01-66 FM 000-100 MS FC-AER - - LC-39 HAZARD PROOFING-S/C L C 3 9 S/C DOC- POHER S U P P L I E S F L I G H T MECHANICS PANEL I C D �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG . .- D 5 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 PAGE l C -- --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E -. DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - -------------------- --- ....................................... ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO D A YR CODE P R F " 4 R IN( I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E , .R OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY -------- -------- ------ --------------- 501-66-0045 501-66-0327 SEE B A S I C NUMBER FOR R E V I S I O N t T I T L E t ETCo 65 I C 0 9 7 6 6 - 0 0 3 - J 65ICD9769 - - . - SEE-DWG PHYS I C D S - I C H Y D R A U L I C U N I T L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 3 02-1 0-66 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-K-DT PHY I C D S - I C PNEU CONSOLE RKS 1 - 2 - 3 + 4 ICP-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 6 1 09-1 5 - 6 5 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-X-Dl PHY I C D PNEU CONSOLES 5 9 6 0 7 + 8 S - I C ICD-CCBD S O 1 - 6 5 - 3 4 08-09-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE PHY I C D S - I C PNEU CHECKOUT RKS 1-2-3+4 ICD-CCBD 501-65-46 09-24-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-ECV PIPING CRITERIA S-IC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0046 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 6 02-07-66 LO-FA 220-280 M$$c-P+v~ 12-09-65 LO-FA 210-390 K S r SDV:- P I P C R I T S - I C F L U S H + PURGE U N I T SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 2 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 7 - 02-07-66 LO-FA 010-390 MSEC-EDX PHY I C D + P I P E C R I T S I I L E A K DETECT SYS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 5 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 6 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 4 02-10-65 LO-FA 020-220 MSFC-EDV PNEU CONSOLE SET A S - I 1 STAGE GSE PLACEMENT ON MBL LAUNCHER ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 9 IRN-CCBD 50 1-66-0129 J 651CD9773 --------a . r �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 1 DATE 2 9 JUL 6 6 - -- --- -- O S DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR REVISION NOTICE DOC REV _-- -------------------- --R J 651CD9759 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ....................................... IRN-CCBD 1 - - - - -u---- PREPARIN I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y - ------ -------------- --I---- -------a 501-66-0292 PHY I C D APS PNEU CONS D S V - 4 B - 4 3 6 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 V P I P I N G C R I T E R I A APS PNEU CONSOLE L C 3 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 4 PHY I C D S - I C ICD-CCBD - ACTUAL SCHED R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO D A YR MO DA YR CODE INERT PREFILL 501-65-47 + PIPING CRIT PHY I C D S - i i PNEU CONSOLES 5 7 - 4 1 B / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 2 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 4 6 - 0 3 0 1 PHY I C D S I I PNEU CONSOLE 5 7 - 4 l C / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 2 9 I RN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 IRN-CCRD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 4 PHY I C D S I I PNEU CONS S 7 - 4 1 A + 4 1 D / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 IRN-CCSD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 0 PHY I C D HEAT EXCHANGER A 7 - 7 1 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 V V V V P I P I N G C R I T E R I A S-11 PNEU SYS/SATURN V 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 - KSC-P+VE 02-10-66 LOFA 220-390 MSFC-EDV 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-EDV 06-25-65 L e F A 220-390 KSC-P+VE 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 02-11-66 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-EDV �A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E C O N T R O L DOCUMENT L O G IAOl --- -- D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 -.- O S DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E O R C C B D NUMBER ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD J 65ICD9751 R - 1 - - - 501-66-0178 501-66-028 1 501-66-0288 06-1 8-65 LO-FA 040-390 KSC-P+VE UMBILICAL + SERVICE CONNECTIONS I U I C D - C C B D 501-65-35 I R N - C C B D 501-66-0285 1 RN-CCBD 501-66-0284 06-1 8-65 LO-FA 090-390 KSC-P+VE KSC-K-DT PHY I C D S - I V B PNEU CONS DSV-48-432/SAT I CD-CCBD 501-66-0107 V 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 PHY I C D S - I V B V 06-21-65 LO-FA ' 220-390 01-2 8-66 LO-FA 020-390 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFCzEDV 09-15-65 LO-FA . 220-390 PNEU CONS DSV-4B-433/SAT 501-66-0105 P I P I N G CRITERIA S-IVB I C D - C C B D 501-66-0043 I RN-CCBD 501-66-0374 PNEU CONS S E T L C 3 9 PHY I C D S-IVB HT EXCH DSV-4B-438/SAT I C D - C C B D 501-66-0106 V P H Y ICD IU C O O L I N G U N I T + P I P I N G C R I T ICD-CCRO I RN-CCBD - PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTE' O R C E I NUMBERS ACTIVL~U UMB + S E R V I C E C O N N E C T I O N S S - I V B , FORWARD I C D - C C B D 501-66-0177 I R N - C C B D 501-66-0283 ICD-CCBD - SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA Y R MO D A YR C O D E KSC-P+VE - KSC-P+VE 501-65-49 50 1-66-0376 PHY TCD I U PNEU CONS + P I P I N G C R I T E R I A I C D - C C B D 50 1-65-48 HSFC-EDV �D A T E 29 J U L 66 D S &'-, D O C U M E N T . NUMBER? O R R E V ~ S ~ O NNO.T I C E ------ - ----- 4----.----- DOC REV --- T I T L E C K C C e c <;ii?~\E;! ----DQCUFENT ,-------&----.^ ----------r- . --,,----- - f RAI-CCBB-'901 - 6 b - 0 2 9 0 IRM-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0296 I R N - C U D 501-66-0373 - P H Y r C D L A U V E H S-I C FWD l l M h / L C 3 3 G S E 08-09-65 LO-FA 910-390 x 5<- 06-28-65 LC-FA i.120-390 : .,. . . : ',.- . - 06-2 1-65 LC-FA 020-39C 1 06-21-65 LO-FA 020-390 - -. 06-28-65 020-390 6.I. - : ... ICC-CCBD 501-h5-37 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0190 IRN-CCBD ~01-bb-03Y4 ENTEKED NO I R N - C G R D - UMB + S t i t V C(jb;!li-LTiTj!iS 5 - 1 1 I:.jTFl;h: 9 .ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 1 IRN-CCBG 501-66-011i IRN-CCBL 5C 1-66-1329 1 I RN-CCBC > C L-66-0Zcj!, IRN-CCBD J 65ICD9748 R 503,-6b-i27ii ' - Ut48ItTCAL + SE1'V C ~ j h \ S I I - U M B I L I f A L + SERV: CONM L O X DISCONNECT - S-El-.LH2 DISC ICD-CCBD 50 1-66-0126. I RN-CCBD 50 1-66-01 2 8 . 1 - U M B I L I C A L + SERVICE CONN S-XI .FORWARD ICD?CO%Q .501?';66fOEZ5 IRN-CCBD 501-66-Q%29 I RN-CCBD 501-&6+Q397 N O IRN-CCBD ENTERED R 2 R.. - 3 R \. ICD-CCBD 501-6: -G i 2 7 I RN-CCB0 501-66-0127 5 - UMB + S E R V C O N N E C T I O N S S-I.V'B AFT LO-FA , �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 191 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- - O S - DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E --...----------------R --- DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBO NUMBER --- ---_------------------------------------ 1 IRN-CCBD - - LOPG 000-260 KSC-K-DT P I P C R I T APS PROP S E R V I C I N G SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 5 0 02-08-66 LO-PG 220-390 MSFC-EDV 08-10-65 LO-FA - 3-4 S I C AFT 501-66-0299 5 0 1-66-0289 501-66-0378 UMB + SERV CONNS P L A T E NO 1-2 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 1 S-IC AFT 08-18-65 LO-FA S-IC AFT 08-10-65 LO-FA M O T I O N ENV A F T UMB P L A T E S 1 ~ 2 ~ + S -3 IC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 08-10-65 LO-FA 010-210 KSC-P+VE PHY I C D LAU VEH S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 6 08-09-65 LO-FA 010-390 KSC-P+VE * UMB SERV CONNS P L A T E NO 3-2 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 2 I N T K U M B / L C 3 9 GSE -. -------- -------- ------ --------------- ---------05-19-65 XRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD - - FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS VAB ECS SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED AND - PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIL LTY 501-66-0041 - UMB SERV CONN P L A T E ICD-CCBO 50 1 - 6 5 - 4 0 - SCHEO ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS DATE 29 JUL 6 6 -- --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE 506 ----- DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER IAOl CONT. PAGE 1' -. SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR M O D A YR CODE - - - - ICD-CCBD - - - -- PREPARINl INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y - - - - - - - - -- - - - - 501-66-0082 S E R V I C I N G REQMTS ECS SAT V L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRN-CC8D 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 09-09-65 LOPG 250-390 MSF€-KSC FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GHE SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRM-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GH2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS LH2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-C'CBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 8 06-28-65 LOPG FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L O X SYS SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 f - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 I RN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 ' 66-03-65 LOPG 06-15-65 LOPG FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS RP-1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 . . S Y S SAT V - �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 JUL 66 -- --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E AS DOC REV 506 ----- CONT, DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------------------- --- ........................................ ICD-CCBD 65ICD9142 . - -- . R - 1 - - - -- SCHED AC'TUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREP.:RINC I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E h .R OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY - 501-66-0136 WIND LOAD A L L E V I A T I O N SYS F A C I L TO L / V LOFC 000-040 MS FC 03-09-66 LO-EL 220-390 MSFC-ASTP L V ESE TO RANGE SEQUENCING L C - 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 08-14-65 LOEL 220-390 MSFC-ASTR L V E S E / 6 0 A C POWER REQUIREMENTS ICD-CCBD 501-66-0174 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 2 4 02-1 1-66 LO-EL 220-370 HSFC-ASTR L V ESE T O I N S T R SYSTEM ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 6 5 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC-ASTR MSFC COUNT CLOCK T O KSC T I M I N G L C - 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 4 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 08-14-65 LOEL 200-390 MSFt ASTR L V ESE TO KSC DATA MEASUREMENTS 02-11-66 LOEL 220-290 MSFC-ASTR LOW BAY ESE T O I N S T R U SYS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 1 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC-ASTR A F A C I L I T Y C A B L E S FOR LAUNCH V E H I C L E E S E ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0123 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 651CD9201 PAGE 1f2 4 REC LOW B A Y ESE TO I N S T R SYS AND REC 09-01-66 a �IAOl APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 1 - DATE 29 J U L 66 -- --- -- D DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E __ _ ___________________ S DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ....................................... NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD J 65ICD8302 - - - -------- -------- ------ PREPAR I N I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY - ------- ----------I-- ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED 11-17-64 LOFA 230-340 KSC-DL 03-17-65 LOFA 230-300 KSC-DE I N T F REQ 11-04-65 LOFA 100-300 MSC-EDV COVER 12-10-65 LO-FA 110-300 KSC-EDV SATURN V LAUNCH V E H I C L E PROTUBERANCES ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 5 2 02-02-66 LOFC 220-390 MSFC L C 3 9 V A S H I G H BAYS TO L / V 11-19-65 LOFC 220-390 LC 39 V A B LOW BAY AREA TO L/V-ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 6 02-09-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EDV- L C 3 9 MSS TO L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 0 G2-14-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EDV- L C - 3 9 PAD AREA L / V ES,E/GSE ICD-CCBD 50 1 4 6 - 0 0 3 5 12-07-65 LOFC 220-390 KSC-EDV- S-IC/.!jL, 04-05-66 LO-FC 220-390 MS F f LC34/37/39 CMD MOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G V E R T STOP FOR L E S ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A MOCK-UP - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR HO D A YR CODE C/M 2 3 AFRM 9 T O ACCESS ARM WHT RM ACCESS ARM ADPT HOOD 10 S / C PHY INTF R E T R A C T I O N MECH Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 4 ESE/GSE YQLD DOHN. A..RMS PHYSICA:L REQMTS . KSC-F -. �IAOl APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 18 DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 -- --- - DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE .................... -- DOC REV --- R 16 65ICD7767 R 2 R 3 R 4 R 5 65ICD7788 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD. NUMBER - - L C 3 9 A ML P I P C R l T + I N T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - FL SYS 08-20-65 LOFA 230-390 11-17-64 LOFA 230-390 KSC-DE L C 3 9 PHY I N T F C GOX COND PNL LEAK TS U N I T NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 07-22-65 LOFA 230-390 KSC-EDV ACCESS ARM + SERV MODULE CABLE REQMTS NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 09-22-65 LOFA 230-390 KSC-EDV 09-22-64 LO-FC 230-340 POWER REC- + CONN 11-29-65 LOFC 230-347 KSC-EDV-2 FUNCT XNTF REQMTS ECS MC LEM S / C GSE 05-03-65 LOPG 230-300 KSG-K-DT LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD 10-01-64 LOFA 230-340 MSC-FO-HJ 03-07-66 COFA 230-340 CSC-EDV: LC39-LUT GSE CABLES-GAS LC/34/37/39 A S/C - - ENTERED - NO LEM U M B I L I C A L AND T E S T IRN-CCBD ENTERED 6 5 1CD8001 PREPARINC INTERFACE AREAS CE? I? OR CEY NUMBERS ACTiSITY -------- -------- ------ --------------- --------- -------------a_----------------------- NO IRN-CCBD - SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA Y R M O O A YR CODE AeC- B LC37/39 N I T SYS . KSC-EDV CABLES FOR L C 39 T I M I N G + COUNTDOUN D I S T SM SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 ENTERED ENTERED LEM SKG- ARM UMB D I S C A L 4 - 1 7 2 - - �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 66 PAGE -- --- - D 5 DOCUMENT NUMBERY DR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUHBER SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO DA YR CODE PREPARIf INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T , - --_---- -----o------- I - - LC39/HSS PIP CRIT + I N T F LOC L E F~L D SYS 12-02-65 LOPG 140-390 KSC-EDV 01-12-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 PAD A S/C-GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTEREO 03-19-65 LOPG FUNCT I N T F REQHTS GHE L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-390 FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-Dl 02-09-66 LOPG 230-390 KSC-EDV 02-1 0-66 L/-FC 230-300 # 5,C 03-19-65 LOPG 100~390 KS C-4-.Ol 11-05-64 LO-FC 230-390 HSC-NAA L C 3 9 PAD A NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED ENTERED L C 3 9 A S / C GSE FUNC I N T F REQrGOX LC-39 PAD B S/C FUMCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 PAD B S/C-GSE 8 L C 3 9 L U T GSE SYSTEMS AFRM C O N F I G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED . NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED ' NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO - 1RN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED : - KSC-EOV �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 3 U L 66 -- --- -- D S .- - DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------------------- --- ....................................... . . . ACTUAL SCHED REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE -------- ------- ------ -------------- . NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED - . - FUNCT INTF' REQS - FUNCT I N T F RQMTS ECS L C 3 9 / V A B - ECS ~ ~ V3 A B SIC-GSE 9 L E M S C GSE L C 3 9 . LCC F A C I L I T Y S / C ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD 'ENTERED 03-19-65 LOPG 05-03-65 LOPG 03-05-65 ' . A L C 3 9 MAT-ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD:ENTERED' NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO ' I RN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NOs:% WN+Cf;BD~:EM'IERED: NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED . . . -- E 0 3 9 r : P t P f NG C&LT1i*, INTF. L-OC S / C FLD SYS NO; NO NO NO IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED INTERFACE A R E A L OR C E I NUMBERS 01-25-65 LOFC 09-03-65 LOPG �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 1 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- 0 - DOCUMENT NUMBER, DR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV __ _ __ ____-___-_-_ ____-_ --- ........................................ S I A 65ICD7004 - E 65ICD7006 0 65ICD7010 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER L C 3 9 OPNL T V SYS-FAC-S/C ESE/GSE SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE ------- -------- ------ PREPARIF I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T E R OR CET NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y - a s - ------ 03-23-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F A L C 3 9 SAT V TRAMSP ROUTES -S/C 03-1 5 - 6 5 LOFC 230-390 KSC-EDV- A L C 3 9 SAT V VEH STAGE 4 S / C M I S A L I G N M E N T 08-13-65 LOFC 100-390 KSC-EDV- 02-08-66 LOEL 230-390 KSC-LVO- 04-28-65 LOFC 230-390 KX-F A L C 3 9 CSM + LEM T O F A C I L I T Y CABLES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO A 6 5 1 ~ ~ 7 0 5 2 - S/C IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED GSE T O HAZARD PROOF MON S Y S T v L C - 3 9 A L C 3 9 VAB H I G H B A Y AREA TO S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED , NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED Nn T R N - C C R D FNTFRFD �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG P A G E 11 -. 0 DOCUMENTNUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T l C E -- -S .................... DOC REV --- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER 16331-63A 1 0 7 3 9 3 A 4 0 M 0 5 5 1 4 '. 40M37522 5 0 1-66-0085 A SOFTWARE I C D - A C E S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 - - PREPAR IM I N T E R F A C E AREAS CE -R OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y -------- -------- ------ --------------- -------- -----------------O-----------QO--P---- ICD-CCBD A SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MD DA YR MO DA YR CODE COMP I N T E R F A C E 08-12-65 EX 300-100 L V E S E / P R O P E L L A N T SYSTEMS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 4 12-15-65 €1 220-210 MS FC-AST L V ESE TO LAUNCH EQUIPMENT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 9 12-09-65 €1 220-210 MSFC-ASTI . MSC SC E S E TO L V . E S E 11-06-66 EI 220-230 MS FC-ASTI I N S T U N I T T O SPACECRAFT ELECT REQ 09-01-66 EI 000-1 0 0 MSFC-ASTI 000-100 MS FC-ASTI DES OF SATURN S A - 5 0 6 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 9 + APOLLO SC-107 EDS 03-11-66 CS ' A 40M37718 - EDS CHECKOUT SCHEMATICS 02-28-68 EI 000-220 MSFC + A 50M36801 - I C D SATURN I B / V 03-15-66 M-NF 040-090 MSFC-M-EI 01-28-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F L C 3 9 DATA TRANS SYS ( W I D E BAND) NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 02-02-65 LOFC 230-390 KSG-F - L C 3 9 OPNL I N T E R C O M SYS-S/C 02-06-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F - L C 3 9 FAC I N S T C A B L I N G - L O C / R O U T I N G 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC - - CONTROL R A T E GYRO PKG L C 3 9 S I T E P L A N + GENL ARRANGE-S/C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED GSE ESE/GSE SIC �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 1 DATE 2 9 JUL 6 6 - -- --- -- O S DOCUMENTNUMBERl OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER _-- ------------------- --- ........................................ - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR N O D A YR CODE PREPARIN I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y - -------- -------- ------ -------------- -------- L A U V E H i S P A C E C R A F T PROCEDURAL REQ ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 7 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 8 L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT F U N C T I O N A L REQ ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 5 B ENVELOPE I E M / S - I V B / XU CLEARANCE P H Y S I C A L ICD-CCBD 501-66-0099 - I N S T R U M E N T U N I T TO SPACECRAFT PHYS REQ ENTERED IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 1 4 NO IRN-CCBD - SPACECRAFT TO Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 IRM-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0242 PHYS REQ B SATURN/APOLLO FREQ P L A N ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 5 6 A A 13M60004 13M65001 A 16331-63Al01350 - EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 201-66-0114 0 D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SATURN V ONBOARD EDS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 8 - E t E C I C D ACE S / C - L / V COMP I N T F OOOilOO MSFC 000-100 MSFC- AS1 01-28-66 TC 000-100 HSFC-AS7 08-06-65 C-S 000-100 MSFC 300-230 MSC �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 JUL 66 P A G E 11 -- --- - .- D S DOCfJMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E - .................... -. DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ - PHY I C D P I P E C R I T S I C FWD UMB SERV ICD-CCBD 65ICD9776-001 * - 661CD1009 + A 80M90505 PREPARINI I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACT-'!ITY - -------- -------- ------ --------------- --UN SV 02-10-66 LO-FA 010-220 a_--- MSFC-EDV 501-66-0180 SEE-DWG SEE B A S I C NUMBER FOR R E V l S I O N o T I T L E , E T C o PHY I C D + P I P C R I T HAZ GAS ANALYZER SATV ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 5 02-04-66 LO-FA 220-000 MSFC-EDV A L C 3 9 ML PHY LOC PORT I U WATER ACCUM CART ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 7 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-300 KSC-EDV 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC 01-20-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC-EDV-; 07-0 1-66 FM + SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE - LC-39 H A Z A R D PROOFING-S/C L C 3 9 S/C D.C. POWER S U P P L I E S F L I G H T MECHANICS P A N E L I C D �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl D A T t 29 J U L 6 6 PAGE -- ...-- -- r U n G . DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD 6 5 ICD9766-003 I - - 501-66-0045 501-66-0327 R 2 R 3 - SEE-DWG PHYS I C D S - I C H Y D R A U L I C U N I T L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 3 02-10-66 LO-FA PHY I C D S - I C PNEU CONSOLE RKS 1-2-3+4 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 6 1 09-1 5 - 6 5 LO-FA PHY I C D PNEU CONSOLES 596.7 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1- 6 5 - 3 4 08-09-65 LO-FA PHY I C D S - I C PNEU CHECKOUT RKS 1-2-3+4 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 6 09-24-65 LO-FA PIPING CRITERIA S-IC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 6 02-07-66 LO-FA 12-09-65 LO-FA 210-390 P I P C R I T S - I C F L U S H + PURGE U N I T SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 7 . 02-07-66 LO-FA 010-390 - PHY I C D + P I P E C R I T S I I L E A K DETECT SYS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 5 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 6 4 , I RN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 4 0 2 - 1 0-65 LO-FA 020-220 MSFC-ED' 4 8 S-IC PNEU CONSOLE SET A S - I 1 STAGE GSE PLACEMENT ON MBL LAUNCHER ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 9 - PREPARI I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T -------- -------- ------ -------------- ------ SEE B A S I C NUMBER FOR R E V I S I O N p T I T L E o E T C . - J 65ICD9775 SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE 220-390 KSC-K-0 220-390 MSFC-ED . KSC-EDV MSFC-ED �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT COG IAOL PAGE 17, DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 -- --- -- D S -- DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE -- DOC REV ACTUAL SCHED REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ....................................... --------------I---- I? I IRN-CCBD - - - J 65ICD9766 . - -------- s --09-- PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y - --------------- --- ---- 501-66-0292 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE P I P I N G C R I T E R I A APS PNEU CONSOLE L C 3 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 4 02-1 0-66 LOFA 220-390 MSFC-EDV PHY I C D S - I C I N E R T P R E F I L L + P I P I N G C R I T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 7 09-1 5-65 LO-FA 220-390 MS FC-EDV PHY I C D S - I 1 PNEU CONSOLES S7-41B/SAT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 2 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 1 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 06-25-65 LO-FA PHY I C D APS PNEU CONS DSV-4B-436/SAT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 PHY I C D S I I PNEU CONSOLE S7-41C/SAT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 2 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 . IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 4 PHY I C D S I I PNEU CONS S 7 - 4 1 A + 4 l D / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 IRN-CCBO 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 0 PHY I C D HEAT EXCHANGER A7-71/SAT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 PIPING CRITERIA S - I 1 V V V . 220-390 , V V PNEU SYS/SATURN V 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 02-11-66 LO-FA 220-390 i �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 .. . -- --- 1 ; t c S DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E R R 2 3 J 65ICD9751 c AS -- R DOC REV - 1 - J 65ICD9758 - CONTO PAGE SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L no D A YR MO D A YR CODE -------- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD 1 505 ----- IAOl bb-Q--- ---- u- PREPARIi I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR CEI NUMBERS ACTIVIT' -------. ----------we-- 501-66-0178 501-66-0281 501-66-0288 UMB + S E R V I C E CONNECTIONS S - I V B ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 FORWARD U M B I L I C A L + S E R V I C E CONNECTIONS I U ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 06-1 8-65 LO-FA 040-390 06-18-65 LO-FA 090-390 KSC-P+VE * KSC-P+VE PHY I C D S - I V B PNEU CONS D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 2 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 7 V 06-21-6s LO-FA 220-390 KSC-K-01 PHY I C D S - I V B PNEU CONS D S V - 4 B - 4 3 3 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 5 V 06-2 1-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VI 01-28-66 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+Vl 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VI 0Q-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 HSFC-EDk 09-1 5-65 LO-FA 220-390 HSFC-EDV P I P I N G CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0374 PNEU CONS SET L C 3 9 PHY I C D . S - I V B H T EXCH D S V - 4 B - 4 3 8 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 6 V PHY I C D I U C O O L I N G U N I T + P I P I N G C R I T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 6 PHY I C D I U PNEU CONS,+ ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 8 P I P I N G CRITERIA �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT AS DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N NOTXCE .................... DOC REV --- ........................................ IRN-CCBD 65 ICD9745 I? R R - 1 2 3 - - 65ICD9749 R R R - 2 3 5 6 5 1CD9750 5 0 5 CONT. ----- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD LOG PAGE 1 7 -- SCHEO ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E 4 DATE P A N E L MO DA YR NO D A YR CODE -------- -------- -o---- PREPARINC I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T " v 1 T Y -------------- --. ---- 501-66-0290 501-66-0296 501-66-0378 PHY I C D L A U VEH S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0190 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 4 NO IRN-CCSD ENTERED FWD U M B / L C 3 9 G S E 08-09-65 LO-FA 010-390 KSC-P+VE 06-28-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+VE U M B I L I C A L + SERV CONN S I I LOX DISCONNECT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 06-21-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+VE U M B I L I C A L + SERV CONN S - I 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 6 06-2 1-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+VE 06-28-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+VE 06-2 1 - 6 5 LO-FA 040-390 KSC-P+VE UMR + SERV CONNECTIONS S - I 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 1 IRiJ-CCBD 501-66-0111 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 3 INTERM LH2 DISC U M B I L I C A L + S E R V I C E CONN S - X I ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 7 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED FORWARD , , - UMB + SERV CONNECTIONS S - I V B AFT �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE D A T E 2 9 JUL 6 6 -- --- -- S DOCUMENTNUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV -- - ------------------- --R 1 A 651CD9407 R DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ...................................... IRN-CCBD - 1 - - - ----I--- PREPARII INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T ' - ------.---------------- ----I 501-66-0041 FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS VAB ECS SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 05-19-65 LOPG 000-260 KSC-K-Dl P I P C R I T APS PROP S E R V I C I N G SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 5 0 02-08-66 LO-PG 220-390 MSFC-EDV U M B AND SERV CONN P L A T E 3-4 S I C AFT 08-10-65 LO-FA 010-210 KSC-P+VE 010-210 KSC-P+VE ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-GCBD IRN-CCBD - SCHED ACTUAL REL D A T E REL D A T E PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE 501-65-40 501-66-0299 501-66-0289 501-66-0378 UMB + SERV CONNS P L A T E NO 1-2 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 1 S-IC AFT 08-1 8-65 LO-FA UMB + SERV CONNS P L A T E NO 3-2 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1-65-39 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 2 S-IC AFT 08-10-65 LO-FA M O T I O N ENV AFT UMB P L A T E S l r 2 9 + 3 S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 08-10-65 LO-FA PHY I C D L A U VEH S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 6 08-09-65 LO-F A JNTK U M B / L C 3 9 GSE I . �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl PAGE 1 - DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- D .- S - DOCQJMENTNUMBERo OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E .................... -. DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ - - PREPARIM( INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS AC" ITY - ---9--.-- -ID---- S E R V I C I N G REQMTS ECS SAT V L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 09-09-65 LOPG 250-390 MSFC-KSC FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GHE SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GH2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 8 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS LOX S Y S SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 06-03-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS RP-1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 06-15-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE ICD-CCBD - SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE REL DATE PANEL MO D A Y R MO DA YR CODE ----C)--- ---P--O-_D-P-PU ---YO--. 501-66-0082 SYS SAT V �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl D A T E 2 9 JUL 6 6 PAGE -- --- -- C i~ G DOCUMENT NUMBERp OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD I - - - PREPAR! I N T E R F A C E .AREAS CENTER ACTXVIl OR C E I NUMBERS --------------- ------- 501-66-0136 WIND LOAD A L L E V I A T I O N S Y S F A C I L TO L / V A F A C I L I T Y CABLES FOR LAUNCH V E H I C L E ESE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE 09-0 1-66 03-09-66 LOFC 000-040 MSFC LO-EL 2 2 0-3 9 0 MSFC-AS 220-390 HSFC-AS L V E S E TO RANGE SEQUENCING L C - 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 L V E S E / 6 0 A C POWER REQUIREMENTS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0174 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 2 4 0 2 - 1 1-66 LO-EL 220-370 HSFC-AS L V ESE T O I N S T R SYSTEM ICD-CCBD 501-66-0084 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 6 5 0 2 - 1 1-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC-AS MSFC COUNT CLOCK TO KSC T I M I N G L C - 3 9 ICD-CC8D 5 0 1-65-84 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 08-14-65 LOEL 200-390 HSFC-AS L V ESE TO K S C DATA ME.ASUREMENTS 0 2 - 1 1-66 LOEL 220-290 HSFC-AS LOW BAY ESE TO I N S T R U S Y S + REC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 1 G2-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 HSFC 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC-AS �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG XA01 P A G E 17 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- -- --- - D S DOCUMENT NUMBERo OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - - ------------------- --- ---------------------------------------NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD J 65ICDG302 - LC34/37/39 A MOCK-UP J 651CD8311 - - _------ -------- ----- PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACT iTY - ----u-------c--------- ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED CMD MOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G VERT STOP FOR L E S ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED J 65ICD8304 SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO D A Y R MO DA YR CODE 2 3 AFRM 9 T O ACCESS ARM HHT RM 11-17 - 6 4 LOFA 230-340 KSC-D 11-18-64 LOFA 230-300 MSC-FO 03-1 7 - 6 5 LOFA 230-300 KSC-DE C / M ACCESS ARM ADPT HOOD TO S / C I N T F RE8 11-04-65 LOFA 'LOO-300 MSC-EDV PHY I N T F R E T R A C T I O N NECH Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 4 COVER 12-10-65 LO-FA 110-300 KSC-ECV SATURN V LAUNCH V E H I C L E PROTUBERANCES ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 5 2 02-02-66 LOFC L C 3 9 VAB H I G H BAYS T O L / V ESE/GSE 11-19-65 LOFC 220-390 KSC-F LC 3 9 VAB LOW BAY AREA T O L/V-ESE/GSE TCD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 6 02-09-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EDV-2 L C 3 9 MSS TO L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 0 02-14-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EDV-2 L C - 3 9 PAD AREA L / V E S E / G S E ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 5 12-07-65 LOFC 220-390 KSC-EDV-2 04-05-66 LO-FC 220-390 MS FC -- S - I C / M L HOLD DOWN ARMS P H Y S I C A L REQMTS ' 220-390 ' MSFC �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOP DATE 2 9 JUL 66 -- ------ PAGE SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA Y R #O DA YR CODE C H DOCUMENT NUMBER9 DR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E --_ _ .................... r DOC REV -a- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ENTERED L C 3 9 A M L P I P C R I T 4 I N T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO 1RN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED F L SYS - LC39-LUT - L C 3 9 PHY I N T F C GOX COND PNL L E A K TS U N I T GSE CABLES-GAS NO IRN-CCBD - - ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD KSC-EDV N I T SYS KSC-DE KSC-EDV ENTERED + SERV MODULE CABLE REQMTS ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED LEM U M B I L I C A L AND T E S T CABLES FOR L C 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED LC/34/37/39 T I M I N G + COUNTDOWN D I S T KSC-EDV 09-22-64 LO-FC 230-340 POWER RECo + CONN 11-29-65 LOFC 230-347 KSC-EDV FUNCT I N T F REQNTS E C S MC L E H S / C GSE 05-03-65 LOPG 230-300 KSC-K-O LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD 10-01-64 LOFA 230-340 MSC-FO- A S/C - --------------- ------ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I--0 . ----I ------- NO IRN-CCBD - -------- PREPARI I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVIT A-C- S M SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 ENTERED ENTERED , 8 l C 3 7 / 3 9 L E H SWG ARM UMB DISC A14-172 KSC-EDV �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 17: DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- D S DOCUYENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E --. DOC REV - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L . D A T E PANEL MO DA YR MU DA YR CODE PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T " ' T Y -------- -------- ------ --------------- ---P ----- L C 3 9 / M S S P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC LEM F L D SYS 12-02-65 LOPG 140-390 KSC-EDV L C 3 9 PAD A NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD 01-12-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 PAD A S/C-GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 03-19-65 LOPG 100-390 KS C-K-CT - FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-390 KSC-EDV - FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 9 A S I C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-DT L C 3 9 A S / C GSE FUNC !NTF (22-09-66 LOPG 230-390 KSC-EDV 02-10-66 L/-FC 230-300 KSC 03-19-65 LOPG ' 100-390 KSC-K-DT 11-05-64 LO-FC 230-390 MSC-NAA - - LC-39 ENTERED ENTERED REQVGOX PAD 8 S / C FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 PAD B S/C-GSE B L C 3 9 L U T GSE SYSTEMS AFRM C O N F I G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NU IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED . �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl DATE 2 9 J U L 66 PAGE I -- --- -- D S DOCUMENTNUMBERo 3 R R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD A 65ICD7166 A 65ICD7167 - PREPAR I F I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVIT) ------we -----d--------- -------- ------ - ------- ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 V A B S/C-GSE 03-19-65 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-DT FUNCT I N T F RQMTS ECS L C 3 9 / V A S L E N SC GSE 05-03-65 LOPG 230-390 XSC-K-DT L C 3 9 LCC F A C I L I T Y S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 03-05-65 230-390 KSC-F ESE/GSE A L C 3 9 MAT-ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L D A T E PANEL HO DA YR MO D A YR CODE LC39 PIPING NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD G R I T + I N T F LOC S / C ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED F L D SYS 01-25-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 03-03-65 LOPG 100-200 KSC �IAOl APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE If DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- D 5 DOCUMENT NUMBERp OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E -- DOC REV - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E REC DATE PANEL M O D A YR MO D A YR CODE PREPAR I N ( I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I N U M B E R S AC ITY - 03-23-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F A L C 3 9 SAT V TRANSP ROUTES -S/C 03-1 5-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-ECV-; A L C 3 9 SAT V VEH STAGE + S / C M I S A L I G N M E N T 08-13-65 LOFC 100-390 KSC-ECV-; 02-08-66 LOEL 04-28-65 LOFC L C 3 9 OPNL T V SYS-FAC-S/C A ~ NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO - S/C ~ csn 3 9 9 LEM TO FACILITY IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD ENTERED ESE/GSE CABLES GSE TO HAZARD PROOF MON S Y S T 9 L C - 3 9 A L C 3 9 VAB H I G H BAY AREA T O S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl DATE 2 9 J U L 66 PAGE -- --- -SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MD DA YR HO DA YR CODE C I DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE I DOC REV G DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ------------------- --- ..................................... A 16331-63~107350 A 16331-63A107393 ' - * +++ A 403437545 50M36801 -0--- 03-18-65 EI 300-230 MSG 08-12-65 €1 300-100 HSC L V E S E / P R O P E L L A N T SYSTEMS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 4 12-15-65 €I 220-210 MSFC-AS L V E S E TO LAUNCH EQUIPMENT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 9 12-09-65 €1 220-210 HSFC-AS 03-11-66 €-I 000-100 MS FC-A! 11-30-67 EI 000-220 MSFC 0 3 - 1 5-66 M-NF 040-090 MSFC-M- 01-28-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 02-02-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 02-06-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 ELEC ICD ICD-CCBD COMP INTF A C E SIC-L/V 501-66-0085 - SC E S E TO L V E S E - DEF SATURN S A - 5 0 5 - ------------- ----.=.--- A SOFTMARE ICD-ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 - -------- PREPAR: I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER AGTIVIl OR C E I NUMBERS COMP I N T E R F A C E APOLLO S C - 1 0 5 ELEC INT EDS CHECKOUT SCHEMATICS + APOLLO S C - 1 0 5 DES O f SATURN S A - 5 0 5 ICD-CCBD 501-66-0277 I C D SATURN I B / V CONTROL RATE GYRO PKG L C 3 9 S I T E P L A N + GENL ARRANGE-S/C NO IRN-CCSD ENTERED GSE L C 3 9 DATA TRANS S Y S ( Q 1 D E BAND) NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED . A 65 ICD7002 - L C 3 9 OPNL INTERCOM S Y S - S I C 65IC07003 - L C 3 9 FAC I N S T C A B L I N G - L O C / R O U T I N G ESE/GSE S/C --0--0- EDS . KSC �A P O L L 0 I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 1 DATE 29 J U L 66 -- --- -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R f V I S I O N NOT I C E - DOC REV -- - -------------------- --- - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -_-_---------PP------------------------ - PREPARIN I N T E R F A C E A R E A S CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACT'VITY - -------- -------- ----- -------------- -- L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT PROCEDURAL REQ ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 7 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 8 L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT F U N C T I O N A L REP ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 5 B ENVELOPE L E M / S - I V B / I U ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 9 - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA Y R MO D A Y R CODE CLEARANCE P H Y S I C A L INSTRUMENT U N I T 10 SPACECRAFT PHYS REQ NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 0 IRM-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 1 4 SPACECRAFT T O Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 T RN-C CBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 PHYS REQ 8 SATURN/APOLLO FREQ P L A N ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 5 6 - EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 4 LV TO S C ( C S M - 1 0 4 e L E M S ) I N S T R ICD-CCSD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 l - 6 6 - 0 3 9 5 + COMM I N T F 01-28-66 IC 000-100 KSFC-AST .. , 0 D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SATURN V ONBOARD EDS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 8 08-06-65 C-S 000-LO0 MSFC �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 JUL 6 6 PAGE -- --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV 1 ' ; _ -------------------- --- ,__ S I 65ICD9776-001 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------------Q-------O-----O----ba----- - PHY I C D P I P E C R I T S I C FMD UMB SERV UN SV ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 0 * SEE B A S I C NUMSER FOR R E V I S I O N o T I T L E p E T C . - PHY I C D ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD + SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L D A T E P A N E L HO DA YR MO D A YR CODE PREPARI! I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR CEI NUMBERS A C Y l V I T l ------I- -----a------*-- .++ .++ 66ICD7009 A $OM90504 - LC-39 L C 3 9 S/C Doc. POWER S U P P L I E S F L I G H T MECHANICS P A N E L ------ - LO-FA 010-220 -------MSFC-ED) SEE-DWG P I P C R I T HAZ GAS ANALYZER S A T V . 501-66-0100 5 0 1-66-0377 501-66-0315 HAZARD PROOF ING-S/C ---me--- 0 2 - 1 0-66 A L C 3 9 M L PHY LOC PORT I U WATER ACCUM CART ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 7 66ICD7007 I 01-20-66 02-04-66 LO-FA 220-000 MSFC-ED\ 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-EDV 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC 230-390 KSC-EDV- LOFC , �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG P A G E 1C DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- -- --- -- CI .- DOCLIMENTNUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV -S -------------------- --- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER -------------PP----__OO--CIP-OP-P--P----- ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD 65 I C D 9 7 6 6 - 0 0 3 + - SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE REC DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO D A Y R CODE ---PO--- -PO----- PREPARIN( I N T E R F A C E A R E A S CEWTER fTY OR C E % N U M B E R S A C ' ------ --------------- e>-------- 50 1-66-0045 501-66-0327 SEE-DWG S E E B A S I C NUMBER F O R R E V I S I O N 9 T I T L E p E T C o PHYS I C D S - I C HYDRAULIC U N I T L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 501-66-0183 02-10-66 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-K-DT - PHY I C D S - I C PNEU C O N S O L E RKS 1 - 2 - 3 + 4 ICD-CCBD 501-65-61 09-1 5-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-K-Df - PHY I C D P N E U C O N S O L E S 5 * 6 9 7 + 8 S - I C ICD-CCBD 501-65-34 08-09-65 LC-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE - PHY I C D S-ZC PNEU CHECKOUT RKS 1-2-394 ICD-CCBD 501-65-46 09-24-65 LO-FA 220-390 NSFC-EDV P I P I N G CRITERIA S-IC ICO-CCBD 501-66-0046 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0306 02-07-66 LO-FA 220-280 MSFC-P+VE A S-I1 STAGE G S E PLACEMENT ON MBL LAUNCHER ICD-CCBD 501-66-0129 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0129 12-09-45 LO-FA 210-390 KSC-EDV - P I P C R I T S - I C F L U S H + PURGE U N I T S A T V ICD-CCBO 501-66-0047 02-07-66 LO-FA 010-390 MSFC-EDV PHY I C D ICD-CCBD I RN-CCBD IRN-CCBD 02-10-65 LO-FA 020-220 HSFC-EDV - - 4 PNEU CONSOLE S E T P I P E C R I T S I I ' L E A K DETECT S Y S 501-66-0155 501-66-0264 501-66-0274 ' - �APOLLO . I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 J U L 66 PAGE 1 -- --- -- f S DOCUMENTNUMBER, dK R E V I S I O N N O T I C E R DOC REV 1 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER IRN-CCBD J 651CD9759 I - - - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E REL DATE PANEL HO DA YR MO D A YR CODE PREPARIN I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y - 501-66-0292 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE P I P I N G C R I T E R I A APS PNEU CONSOLE L C 3 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 4 02-10-66 LOFA 220-390 HSFC-EDV PHY I C D S - I C I N E R T P R E F I L L + P I P I N G C R I T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 7 09-1 5-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-EDV PHY I C D S - I 1 PNEU CONSOLES S 7 - 4 1 B / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 2 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 1 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 06-2 5-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 02-1 1-66 LO-FA 220-390 HSFC-EOV PHY I C D APS PNEU CONS D S V - 4 B - 4 3 6 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1- 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 PHY I C O S I I PNEU CONSOLE S 7 - 4 1 C / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 2 9 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0128 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0294 PHY I C D S I I PNEU CONS S 7 - 4 1 A + 4 l D / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 0 PHY I C D HEAT EXCHANGER A 7 - 7 1 / S A T TCD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CC8D 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 V V V V V P I P I N G C R I T E R I A S - I 1 'PNEU S Y S I S A T U R N V ' . KSC-P+VE �APOLLO INTERFACE C O N T R O L DOCUMENT LOG IAOl PAGE 1 DATE 2 9 JUL 66 -- --- -- I 0 ; S DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR REVISION NOTICE - DOC REV SCHED ACTUAL REt DATE REL DATE PANEL M O DA Y R M O D A Y R CODE DOCUMENT TITLE OR CCBD NUMBER -------- ---POP-- PIP--- PREPARIY INTERFACE A R E A S C E N T E R OR CEI N U M B E R S Ar V I T Y -P---C----OO--P- --.s----- ICD-CCBD 50 1-66-0178 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0281 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0288 J 65ICL39751 R - 1 J 651~09753 - - - UMB + SERVICE CONNECTIONS S-IV8 FORWARD ICD-CCBD 50 1-66-0177 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0283 06-1 8-65 LO-FA 040-390 KSC-P*Vf UMBILICAL + SERVICE CONNECTIONS IU ICD-CCBD 501-65-35 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0285 I RN-CCBD 50 1-66-0286 06-18-65 LO-FA 090-390 USC-P+V1 220-390 KSC-K-DI 220-390 KSC-P+YI PHY ICD S-IVB PNEU CONS DSV-48-4321SAT ICD-CCBD 501-66-0107 V 06-21-65 LO-FA PHY ICD S-IVB PNEU CONS DSV-48-433/SAT ICD-CCBD 501-66-0105 V 06-21-65 LO-FA PIPING CRITERIA S-IVB PNEU CONS SET LC39 ICD-CCBD 50 1-66-0043 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0374 01-28-66 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+V1 PHY ICD S-IVB HT EXCH DSV-48-438/SAT ICD-CCBD 501-66-0106 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 K 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-ED' V PHY ICD IU COOLING UNIT + PIPING CRlT ICD-CCBD 50 1-65-49 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0376 . , -. , - PHY ICD I U PNEU CONS ICD-CCBD 501-65-48 PIPING CRITERIA \P+V 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-ED' �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG D A T E 2 9 JUL 66 PAGE 1 -- --- -- f DOCUMENT NUMBERp DR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E - DOC REV SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA Y R MO D A YR CODE __ _ __--------------------- ........................................ S DOCUMENT T I ' T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD - -------- ------- ------ PREPARIh I N T E R F A C E AREAS CEMTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY - ----el -Q------------ 501-65-36 501-66-0290 5 0 1-66-0296 5 0 1-66-0378 PHY I C D L A U VEH S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 4 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED FWD U M 8 / L C 3 9 GSE 08-09-65 LO-FA 010-390 KSC-P+VE 06-28-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+VE U M B I L I C A L + SERV CONN S I I L O X DISCONNECT 1CD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0127 06-21-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+VE U M B I L I C A L + SERV CONN S - I 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 6 LH2 DISC 06-21-65 LO-FA 020-390 S-I1 FORWARD 06-2 8-65 LO-F A 020-390 KX-P+VE 06-21-65 LO-FA 040-390 KSC-P+VE - . U M B + SERV CONNECTIONS 5-11 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 3 INTERH ' - - U M B I L I C A L + S E R V I C E CONN ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 7 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED UMB + SERV CONNECT1 ONS S - I V B AFT , KSC-P+VE �9 APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 1 6 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- -- --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E .................... DOC REV SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L . D A T E PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------- --- ....................................... - - --em---- PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR CEI NUMBERS ACT TTY - ------ --------------- 06-15-65 LOPG 010-250 K!jc-P+VF FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS VAB ECS SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 05-19-65 LOPG 000-260 KSC-K-DT P I P C R I T APS PROP S E R V I C I N G SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 5 0 02-08-66 LO-PG 220-390 MSFC-EDV UHB AND SERV CONN P L A T E 3 - 4 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 8 08-10-65 LO-FA 010-210 KSC-P+VE 08-1 8-65 LO-FA 010-210 KSC-P+VE SYS SAT V FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS RP-1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 S I C AFT uMB + SERV CONNS P L A T E NO 1 - 2 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 1 S-IC UMB + SERV COMNS P L A T E NO 3 - 2 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 2 S-IC AFT . AFT M O T I O N E N V A F T UMB P L A T E S 1 1 2 9 + 3 S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0042 .IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 PHY IC!: 'LAU VEH S - I C ' XNTK U M B / L C 3 9 GSE 08-10-65 LO-FA 08-10-65 LO-FA 08-09-65 LO-FA 010-210 MSF . '+VE �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 66 AS -- --- -- 504 9. r '. DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E PAGE CONTO -I--- D IAOl DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD - - - SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREPARI INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I Y I T -------- ------- ------ ------------- ------- 501-66-0171 LOU BAY^ ESE TO I N S T R SYS AND REC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 2 02-1 1-66 LO-EL 220-290 MS FC-AS' S E R V I C I N G REQMTS ECS SAT V L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 09-09-65 LOPG 250-390 MSFC-KSI FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GHE SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG Of0-250 KSC-P+Vi F U N C T I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT V 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+Y 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+V FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CC8D ENTERED IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 8 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VI FUNCT l N T F F L U I D REQHTS LOX SYS S A T V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 . 06-03-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VI NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GH2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED ' �APOLLO INTERFACE' CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- D S -a- -- DOCUFrENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E 65 ICD9100 DOC REV - 65ICD9142 - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - A 65ICD9205 A 65ICD9240 - --- SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T E R OR C E I NUMBERS ACTk' f Y - L C - 3 9 PAD AREA L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 5 12-07-65 LOFC 220-390 KSC-EPV-2 S - I C / M L HOLD DOWN ARMS P H Y S I C A L REQMTS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 6 04-05-66 LO-FC 220-390 MSFC LOFC 000-040 MS FC 03-09-66 LO-EL 220-390 MSFC-ASTR L V ESE TO RANGE SEQUENCING L C - 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 08-14-65 LOEL 220-390 MS FC-ASTW L V E S E / 6 0 AC POWER REQUIREMENTS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 2 4 02-1 1-66 LO-EL ' 220-370 PlS FC-ASTR L V E S E T O I N S T R SYSTEM ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 6 5 02-1 1-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC-ASTR MSFC COUNT CLOCK T O KSC T I M I N G LC-39 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 4 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 08-14-65 LOEL 200-390 MS FC-ASTR L V ESE TO K S C DATA MEASUREMENTS 02-11-66 LOEL 220-290 HSFC-ASTR LOW BAY ESE T O I N S T R U S Y S + REC 02-1 1-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC WIND LOAD A L L E V I A T I O N SYS F A C I L TO L / V A F A C I L I T Y CABLES FOR LAUNCH V E H I C L E ESE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - PAGE 1 5 9 5 0 4 CON?, ----- 09-01-66 �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS - 5 0 4 D A T E 2.9 J U L 60 ----- -- --- -- G ___ _ DOCUMENTNUMBER, OR R E V I S l O N NOTICE DOC REV __---------------- --- - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --------------------------------.-.-------LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD B L C 3 7 / 3 9 LEM NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD J 651CD8302 - J 65ICD8304 J 65ICD8311 LC34/37/39 - - - -------- -------a- PREPAR 1 I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVIl ------ -------------- ------- 10-01-64 LOFA 230-340 NSC-FO- SWG A R M UMB D I S C A l 4 - 1 7 2 ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED 03-07-66 LOFA 230-340 KSC-EDV CMD MOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G 11-17-64 LOFA 230-340 KSC-D 11-18-64 LOFA 230-300 HSC-FO 03-17-65 LOFA 230-300 KSC-DE 23 AFRM 9 T O ACCESS ARM WHT RM C / M ACCESS ARM ADPT HOOD TO S / C I N T F REQ 11-04-65 LOFA 100-300 MSC-€0'1 PHY I N T F R E T R A C T I O N MECH 8-BALL COVER 12-10-65 LO-FA 110-300 KSC-ED\ SATURN V LAUNCH V E H I C L E PROTUBERANCES ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 5 2 02-02-66 LOFC 220-390 MS FC L C 3 9 VAB H I G H BAYS TO L / V ESE/GSE 1 -1 9 - 6 5 LOFC 220-390 RSC-F LC 3 9 V A 8 LOW B A Y AREA TO L/V-ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 6 02-09-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EDV 02-14-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EDV ICD-CCBD - SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE S M SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 ENTERED ENTERED VERT STOP FOR L E S ACCESS ARM NO 1RN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A MOCK-UP PAGE CONY, C D S IAOl 5 0 1-66-0164 4 - L C 3 9 HSS TO L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 0 �v APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG P A G E 1: DATE 29 J U L 66 -- --- -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E -. DOC REV SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E RE& DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE NO NO NO NO NO NO 8 9 10 11 14 16 - - IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD ----.----. ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED L C 3 9 A ML P I P C R l T + I N T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED LC39-LUT - -------- -------- ------ -------------- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -- - -------------------- --- ........................................ R R R R R R PREPARINl I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS At' 'ITY GSE CABLES-GAS F t SYS N I T SYS L C 3 9 PHY I N T F C GOX COND, PNL L E A K TS U N I T NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 11-1 7 - 6 4 LOFA 07-22-65 LOFA . 230-390 KSC-EDV 230-390 KSC-DE 230-390 KSC-EDV I - - - ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD 09-22-65 LOFA 230-390 KSC-EDV 08-20-65 LOFA 230-390 KSC-EDV T I M I N G + COUNTDOWN D I S T 09-22-64 LO-FC 230-340 + CONN 11-29-65 LOFC 230-347 KSC-EDV- 05-03-65 LOPG 230-300 KSC-K-DT ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED LEM U M B I L I C A L AND T E S T CABLES FOR LC 39 NO IRN-CCBO ENTERED LC/34/37/39 A S/C - + SERV MODULE CABLE REQMTS A-Ce POWER REC- FUNCT I N T F REQMTS ECS MC LEM S / C GSE - �& P O L L O 1 N T E W F ACE C O N T R O L D O C U H E N T LOG PAGE 1 5 5 --- SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL H O D A Y f i MO D A YR CODE ----...--- - bSliD7t6m7 FuNGT I N T F R Q H T S ECS L C 3 9 / V A 8 L E H SC G S E L C 3 9 LCC F A C I L I T Y S I C ESE/GSE NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D ..- ?iC. r . 7 r , r 100-390 KSC-K-DT 05-03-65 LOPG 230-390 KSC-u-DT 230-390 KSC-F 230-390 KSC-F 01-25-65 LOFC < ENTERED FLD SYS I LOPG e LC39 PIPING C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C CTIV! -------------- A---------- 03-19-65 IZ%i-C,S?l; E ? i f E ? E j NO I R N - C C f i D - - OR C E I NUMBERS --I--- 03-05-65 A L C 3 9 MAT-ESE/GSE NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C S D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D YCI T9N-CcS3 E h f T E P E D ,." -; ' 4.- * *I, . * - * * < <., < PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER 09-03-65 LOPG �v A POLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 151 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- D S DOCUMENTNUMBERp OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E -- DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - - -------------------- --- ....................................... NO NO NO NO NO NO NO - IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD TRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD I N T F RQMTS ECS L C 3 9 / V A B LEM SC GSE -------- ------ -------------- ---- ,----. L C 3 9 P I P I N G C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C 03-19-65 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-DT 05-03-65 LOPG 230-390 KSC-K-DT 230-390 KSC-F 230-390 KSC-f 03-05-65 L C 3 9 LCC F A C I L I T Y S I C ESE/GSE NO .I RN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A L C 3 9 MAT-ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED -- a PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACT'. ' T Y ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 V A B S/C-GSE FuNCT SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L . D A T E P A N E L MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE F L D SYS 01-25-65 LOFC 09-03-65 LOPG ' �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 J U L 66 AS 504 - CONTo . v O DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC RE V --- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --_-O--O---a-----O-O--_--OI--CI---.O-.P--- NO NO NO NO f 65ICD7468 - * 65 I C D 7 6 0 0 - A 651CD7666 - C 65ICD7567 C 651CD7568 C 651CD7569 IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD ..,. ,----- c - IAOl SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE -------- ------- 0-0--0 PAG! PREPAl I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTEI OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV -----O--------- ----. ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC LEM F L D SYS 12-02-65 LOPG 140-390 KSC-ED 01-12-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 PAD A S/C-GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 03-19-65 LOPG 100-390 FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-390 KSC-ED\ FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPC 100-390 KSC-K-I L C 3 9 A S / C G S E FUNC I N T F REQVGOX 02-09-66 LOPC 230-390 KSC-ED' 02-10-66 L/-FC 230-300 KSC 03-19-65 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K- 11-0 5-64 LO-F C 230-390 HSC-NA LC39/MSS L C 3 9 PAD A NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD LC-39 ENTERED ENTERED PAD B S / C FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 PAD B S/C-GSE B L C 3 9 .LUT GSE SYSTEMS AFRM C O N F I G NO IRN-CCSD ENTERED NO I R N - C C B D ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- ! D 7 . ._- - DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV ---------------__--- A 65ICD7002 . 504 ----- CON?', DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------------------__Y_---------------- - L C 3 9 OPNL INTERCOM SYS-S/C IAOl ESE/GSE PAGE SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREPARII I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVIT' ------me -----o--------- -------- -el---- - ---9-3--. 02-06-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC 03-23-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F A 65ICD7004 - E 65ICD7006 A L C 3 9 SAT V TRANSP ROUTES -S/C 03-15-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-EDV- D 65ICD7010 A L C 3 9 SAT V VEH STAGE 08-1 3 - 6 5 LOFC 100-390 KSC-EDV- 08-24-65 LOEL 230-390 KS C-V G-2 02-08-66 LOEL 230-390 KSC-LVO- 09-28-65 LOFC 230-390 U S C- F 65 I C D 7 0 0 3 L C 3 9 FAC I N S T C A B L I N G - L O C / R O U T I N G L C 3 9 OPNL T V SYS-FAC-S/C 4 S/C ESE/GSE S/C MISALIGNMENT A L C 3 9 CSM + LEM TO F A C I L I T Y CABLES NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO I RN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A 65ICD7052 - S / C GSE TO HAZARD PROOF HON S Y S T l L C - 3 9 A L C 3 9 VAB H I G H B A Y AREA TO S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED �. APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 1 5 DATE 2 9 JUL 66 -- -- --- -- D S DOC!JMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - - -------- -------- -----a PREPARXNC I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACT ' I T Y - ------------a- E L E C I C D ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 03-18-65 COMP I N T F EI 300-230 - - MSC L V E S E / P R O P E L L A N T SYSTEMS ICD-CCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 4 MSFC-ASTF L V ESE TO LAUNCH EQUIPMENT ICP-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 9 .-, . MSFC-ASTF SC E S E . T O L V E S E HSFC-ASTF MSFC-ASTF MSFC EDS CHECKOUT SCHEMATICS + APOLLO S C - 1 0 3 EDS DES OF SATURN S A - 5 0 4 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 MSFC-ASTF I C D SATURN I B / V CONTROL R A T E GYRO PKG L C 3 9 S I T E P L A N + GENL ARRANGE-S/C . NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED GSE - 01-28-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 02-02-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F ' . - .---- HSC COMP I N T E R F A C E A D E F SATURN S A - 5 0 4 APOLLO SC-103 E L E C I N T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 9 - --- EDS L I M I T S A SOFTWARE ICD-ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E REL. DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO DA YR CODE L C 3 9 DATA TRANS SYS ( W I D E BAND) NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- .C n D S DOCUMENT NUMBER^ DOC REV S OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOCUHENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ---------------------- ........................................ A 13H03083 R - -------- 0--9---- PREPA I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTE OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V ------ -------------- ----- L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT PROCEDURAL R E 0 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 7 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 8 10-07-65 MI 000-1 00 MSFC- L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT F U N C T I O N A L REQ ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 5 12-14-65 MI 000-100 HSFC- 07-07-45 HI 000-100 HS FC-I 0 SATURN/APOLLO FREQ P L A N ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 5 6 05-10-66 IC 000-100 MSFC - 08-17-65 IC 000-100" MSFC- 01-28-66 IC 000-100 1 - B ENVELOPE L E H / S - I V B / ICD-CC8D - A 13M65001 SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE I U CLEARANCE P H Y S I C A L 5 0 1-66-0099 INSTRUMENT U N I T TO SPACECRAFT PHYS REQ NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 1 4 SPACECRAFT TO Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 PHYS REQ EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 4 L V TO S C ( C S M - 1 0 3 r L E M 4 ) I N S T R ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 9 4 + COMM I N T F B D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SATURN V ONBOARD EDS ICD-CCBD 50 1-66-0078 - MSFC- �AS -- --- -- DATE 29 J U L 66 D S DOCUMENT NUMBERv OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E - .................... DOC REV 65 I C D 9 7 3 6 - 0 0 3 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBO NUMBER --- SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO D A 'YR CODE ____--I- -------- PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T E R OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITv - --------------- --I--- - - - P Y - P I P C R I T S - I C FLUSH + PURGE U N I T SAT V I C D - C C B D 5 0 1-66-0047 02-07-66 LO-FA 010-390 MSFC-EDV PHY I C D + P . I P E C R I T S I I L E A K D E T E C T SYS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 5 5 IKN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 6 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 4 02-1 0 - 6 5 LO-FA 020-220 MSFC-EDV PHY I C D P I P E C R I T S I C FHD U M 8 SERV UN SV ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 0 02-10-66 LO-FA 010-220 MSFC-EDV -* SEE-DWG PHY I C D + P I P C R I T HAZ GAS A N A L Y Z E R S A T V I C D - C C B D 501-66-0100 02-04-66 LO-FA 220-000 HSFC-EDV A L C 3 9 M L PHY LOC P O R T I U WATER ACCUM CART I C D - C C B D 501-66-0207 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-EDV - 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC LOFC 230-390 KSC-Ef" FM 000-100 NSFC-AERO IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD 4 80t490503 PAGE 1 5 1 CONT, SEE B A S I C NUMBER F O R R E V I S I O N o T I T L E v E T C - - 66ICD7009 ' --- ....................................... - 66 I C D 7 0 0 7 503 ...-&-- - LC-39 501-66-0377 501-66-0315 HAZARD PROOFING-S/C L C 3 9 S/C D O C o POWER S U P P L I E S F L I G H T MECHANICS PANEL I C D 01-20-66 03-09-65 I , -2 , �A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G DATE 2 9 JUL 66 AS -- --- -- 503 ----- CON?, C rt D S DOCUMENTNUMaERp OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E __-- ------ -------------_ DOC REV IAOl PAC SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE REL DATE P A N E L MO DA Y R HO D A YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER -------- ___-------------__.--------------------- m------ PREP, I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T I OR C E I NUMBERS ACTI\ ----- --------------- - - c - c 4 9 R 2 3 65ICD9765 * R R IRN-CCBD I - f 2 * SEE B A S I C NUMBER FOR R E V I S I O N v T I T L E VE T C . J 65ICD9770 - J 651CD9771 - 1 V PIPING CRITERIA S-I1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 2 7 - R PHY I C D H E A T EXCHANGER A 7 - 7 l / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 - - * 501-66-0300 PNEU S Y S / S A T U R N V 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-F 0 2 - 1 1-66 LO-FA 220-390 HSFC- SEE-DUG P H Y S I C D S - I C H Y D R A U L I C U N I T LC39 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 3 02-10-66 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-X PHY I C D S - I C PNEU CONSOLE RKS 1 - 2 - 3 + 4 I C D - C C B D 501-65-61 09-1 5-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-X 08-09-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P PHY I C D S - I C PNEU CHECKOUT RKS 1 - 2 - 3 + 4 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 6 09-24-65 LO-FA 220-390 HSFC- P I P I N G CRITERIA S-IC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 6 02-07-66 LO-FA 220-280 12-09-65 LO-FA 210-390 PHY I C D PNEU CONSOLES 5 1 6 . 7 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 4 + 8 S-IC PNEU CONSOLE S E T A S - I I STAGE G S E P L A C E H E N ? ON HBL LAUNCHER ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 9 - HSFC- KSC-E �. APOLLO 1NTERFAC.E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 14' D A T E 29 J U L 66 --- -- --- -- D DOCCMENT NUMBER, OR REVISION NOTICE _ _S .................... DOC REV -0- SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L . D A T E PANEL MO DA YR M O DA YR CODE DOCUMENT TITLE OR C C B D NUMBER ........................................ PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR CEI NUMBERS ACT ' T Y -------- -------- ------ -------------- --------- ICD-CCBD 50 1-66-0106 J 65ICD9757 R - PHY ICD IU COOLING UNIT + PIPING CRIT ICD-CCBD 50 1-65-49 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0376 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-EDV - PHY ICD IU PNEU CONS + PIPING CRITERIA ICD-CCBD 50 1-65-48 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0292 09-1 5-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-EDV 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE PHY ICD S-IC INERT PREFILL + PIPING CRXT ICD-CCBD 501-65-47 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-EDV PHY ICD S-I1 PNEU CONSOLES S7-41B/SAT V ICD-CCBD 501-65-28 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0124 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0301 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE PHY ICD SII P N E U CONSOLE S7-41C/SAT V ICD-CCBD 501-65-29 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0128 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0294 06-25-65 LO-FA PHY ICD SII PNEU CONS S7-41A+41D/SAT V ICD-CCBD 501-65-30 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0130 06-25-65 LO-FA 2 - PHY ICD APS PNEU C O N S DSV-40-436/SAT ICD-CCBD 501-66-0104 V PIPING- CRITERIA APS PNEU CONSOLE LC39 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0314 t �IAOP APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR HO DA YR CODE C ti " DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV -------- -------- ------ ------------- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ___ - -------------------- --- ........................................ IRN-CCBD - - PREPAR I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I ------ 501-66-0126 U M B I L I C A L 4 S E R V I C E CONN S - I 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - O L 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 7 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED UMB 4 SERV CONNECTIONS S - I V B ICD-CCBD 501-66-0178 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 8 FORWARD AFT UMB + S E R V I C E CONNECTIONS S - I V B ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 FORWARD U M B I L I C A L + S E R V I C E CONNECTIONS I U ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 s IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 06-28-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+\ 06-21-55 LO-FA 040-390 KSC-P+\ 06-1 8 - 6 5 LO-FA 040-390 KSC-P+\ 06-1 8 - 6 5 LO-FA 090-390 KSC-P+l PHY I C D S - I V B PNEU CONS D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 2 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 7 V 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-K-I PHY I C D S - I V B PNEU CONS O S V - 4 8 - 4 3 3 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 5 , V 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+' PNEU CONS SET L C 3 9 01-28-66 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+\ 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 . KSC-P+\ PIPING CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 9 PHY I C D S - I V B H T EXCH D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 8 / S A T Y �:t @ S ,- - 7.. 2LS -- J U L 66 --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E .................... SCHED ,'ICTfJAI.. R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ....................................... IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD - - 5 0 1-66-0282 501-66-0382 M O T I O N ENV A F T UMB P L A T E S 1 9 2 9 + 3 S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 08-10-65 LO-FA PHY I C D L A U VEH S - I C 160-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 6 IRFI-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 8 I N T K UMB/LC39 08-09-65 LO-FA PHY I C D L A U VEH 5 - I C FWD U M B / L C 3 9 GSE 08-09-55 LO-FA 06-28-65 LO-FA - U M B I L I C A L + SERV CONN S I I L O X DISCONNECT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 . IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 06-21-65 LO-FA - - U M B I L I C A L + SERV CONN S - I 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 6 06-21-65 LO-FA UMB + SERV CONNECTIONS S - I 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CC8D 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 3 GSE INTERM LH2 DISC - -------- -------- ------ -------------- --------- ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 4 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - P R c 0 6 P Ir!C I N T E R F A C E AREAS CEN""9 OR C E I N U M B E R S AC1 ITY �. APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl PAGE D A T k 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- .* i DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L HO DA YR MO D A YR CODE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ___ _ .................... --- ....................................... ; s S R A 65ICD9405 R R IRN-CCBD 4 I - 1 2 - FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS RP-1 ICD-??O)'3 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 -- I 1 2- - - * > * A -I-" j.? i Cfi-,,I;EiQ IRN-CCeD IRN-CCBD ; '0 1 : , -- ii. ;> {,, ! :j-{,! .. . 1 ,;" :;IC 4FT .. I! , .> .< ): ,,,L. ? 1.;'' . , .+. . . . .-: .' 1- ... .-:-:. ..> :. -. , .lL- ....-.. . ' ... AFT .. :-( "4 . , .. ', ...,;,. . L "., I . I -,L ~ ~ ;'.i-ril'E I NU 1-2 S-IC --. ,. - -, - :. . -. .. -,,, , ., k: c, i : . ; : : . . . d - ~ . - y i ~ ! , t -. 9.-. ------c -c---- 06-03-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+V 06-15-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+V 08-20-55 LO-FA (3 ID-.; 1 fl ESC-P+V ., 5 t r : i l t:ilY?.l P l ATE 3-4 <,'I'- --o-,--.'+;.i 1 ii!l'lh -r;\iJ:) SYS SAT V 501-66-0299 5 0 1-66-0289 L ~ N - L C ~ 531-66-0378 U - -------------- --Ds---- 501-66-0318 FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS LOX SYS SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0040 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 .. - -------- PREPARI I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVIT . -... : . * . , I .,T< 141.1 :I-,: li-1.C AFT �PAGE DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 -- --- -- .- u -S DOCUMENT NUMBER^ OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE -----------e------- DOC REV ACTUAL SCHED R E L D A T E RE( D A T E PANEL MO DA Y R MO DA YR CODE -l -l PREPAR IN( -------- -------- ------ -------------- --------- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ INTERFACE A R E A S C E N ~ F R OR C E I NUMBERS AC.. TTY ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 4 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A 65ICD9205 - - L V E S E TO KSC DATA MEASUREMENTS 02-11-66 LOEL 220-290 MSFC-ASTI LOW BAY ESE TO I N S T R U SYS + REC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 1 02-1 1 - 6 6 LO-EL 220-290 MS F C LOW BAY ESE TO I N S T R SYS AND REC ICD-CC8D 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 2 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC-ASTI S E R V I C I N G REQMTS ECS SAT V L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRM-CCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 09-09-65 LOPG 250-390 MSFC-KSC FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GHE SYS S A T V 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD - f ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GH2 SYS S A T ' V ' NO IRN-CC8D ENTERED . - ' , - FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 S Y S SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 2 - �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 JUL 6 6 : r DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE AS DOC REV 503 CONTo __ _ _---------------------- ------------------------------------- ; S DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD E 65ICD9080 - - - - SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL D A T E PANEL HO DA YR MO D A YR CODE ---04--- -lo----- PREPARI! I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y - -----a 50 1-66-0086 LC39 MSS TO L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 0 02-14-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSG-EDV- L C - 3 9 PAD AREA L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 5 12-07-65 LOFC 220-390 KSC-EDV- S - I C / M L HOLD DOWN ARMS P H Y S I C A L REQHTS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 6 04-05-66 LO-FC LOFC 000-040 HSFC LO-EL 220-390 HSFC-AS- 220-390 MSFC-AS? WIND LOAD A L L E V I A T I O N S Y S F A C I L TO L / V A F A C I L I T Y CABLES FOR LAUNCH V E H I C L E E S E ICB-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - PAGE 09-01-66 03-09-66 L V E S E TO RANGE SEQUENCING L C - 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 L V E S E / 6 0 AC POWER REQUIREMENTS ICD-CCBP 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 2 4 02-11-66 LO-EL L V ESE TO I N S T R SYSTEM ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 4 IRM-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 6 5 02-11-66 LO-EL HSFC COUNT CLOCK T O KSC T I M I N G L C - 3 9 �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE L DATE 29 J U L 6 6 D S DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E -- - ------------------E 65ICD8002 A 65ICD8200 J 651CD8300 R 1 R 2 - DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ...................................... A S/C - A.Ce POWER REC. FUNCT I N T F REQMTS ECS MC LEM S / C GSE LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD B L C 3 7 / 3 9 LEM NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD J 651CD8302 - - LC34/37/39 - PREPARIN ?R INTERFACE AREAS C F OR C E I NUMBERS A C i r V I T Y -------- -------- ------ --------------- -------11-29-65 LOFC 230-347 KSC-EDV- 05-03-65 LOPG 230-300 KSC-K-DT 230-340 KSC-EDV 230-340 KSC-D 230-300 MSC-FO SM SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 ENTERED ENTERED SWG ARM UM8 D I S C A 1 4 - 1 7 2 ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED C M D MOD ACCESS ARM CABLING VERT STOP FOR L E S ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A MOCK-UP - + CONN SCHED ACTUAL R E 1 D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MtJ DA YR MO DA YR CODE t 23 AFRM 9 T O ACCESS ARM WHT RM 03-17-65 LOFA 230-300 KSC-DE C / M ACCESS ARM ADPT HOOD TO S / C I N T F REQ 11-04-65 LOFA 100-300 MSC-EDV PHY I N T F R E T R A C T I O N MECH Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 501-66-0164 COVER 12-10-65 LO-FA 110-300 KSL-EDV SATURN V LAUNCH V E H I C L E PROTUBERANCES ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 5 2 02-02-66 LOFC L C 3 9 VAB H I G H BAYS TO L / V 11-19-65 LOFC 220-390 KSC-F 02-09-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EDV-; ESE/GSE LC 3 9 V A B LOW BAY AREA TO L/V-ESE/GSE �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G PAGE DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- C W c ___ D _ DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV --- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --------^-C NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO J 651CD7788 LC39-LUT - a ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED - A 65ICD8001 IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD PREPAR I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTTVI' -------- -------- ------ -------------- -P-CIPY-li--C.----OQ-l.-i.------ L C 3 9 A ML P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NU IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - + .--- - - SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE F L SYS 11-17-64 LOFA 230-390 KSC-DE 07-22-65 LOFA 230-390 KSC-EDL LEM U M S I L I C A L AND T E S T CABLES FOR L C 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 08-20-65 LOFA 230-390 + 09-22-64 LO-FC 230-340 GSE CABLES-GAS N I T SYS L C 3 9 PHY I N T F C GOX CON0 PNL L E A K TS U N I T NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED ACCESS ARM NO TRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD + SERV MODULE CABLE REQMTS ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED \ LC/34/37/39 TIMING COUNTDOWN D I S T KSC-EDV �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 1 4 DATE 2 9 JUL 6 6 -- --- -- D S ,- DOC!jMENT NUMBER9 OR R C V I S I O N NOTICE -- DOC REV - -------------------- --- - F 65ICD7468 - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBO NUMBER SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E t DATE PANEL MO DA YR PI0 D A YR CODE -------- -------- PREPARINC INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR CEI N U M B E R S ACT"'1TY ----- -------------- --- ---- ------------------------------I-------- NO IRN-CCBD NO 1 RN-CCBD ENTERED ENTERED L C 3 9 PIPI.NG NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C F L D SYS ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED LC39/MSS P I P C R I T + I N T F L O C LEM F L D SYS L C 3 9 PAD A NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD 09-03-65 LOPG 12-02-65 LOPG KSC-EDV 01-12-65 LOFC KSC-F 03-19-65 LOPG KSC-K-DT 100-200 KSC ENTERED ENTERED FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 PAD A S/C-GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG KSC-EDV FUNCT I N T F REQMTS G N 2 L C 3 9 A S/C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG KSC-K-DT 02-09-66 LOPG KSC-EDV 02-10-66 L/-FC KSL FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 PAD B S/C-GSE 03-19-65 LOPG KSC-K-DT L C 3 9 LUT GSE SYSTEMS APRM CONFIG NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 11-05-64 LO-FC MSC-NAA L C 3 9 A S / C GSE FUNC I N T F REQtGOX LC-39 PAD 0 S / C �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 66 PAGE 1 -- --- -- f , 5 DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OK R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER _- - -------------------- --- ........................................ NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO A 65ICD7166 A 65ICD7167 - IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREPAR IP I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T ) ----I--- ---o---------- -------- ------ - -------- ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 V A B S/C-GSE FUNCT I N T F RQMTS ECS L C 3 9 1 V A B LEM SC L C 3 9 LCC F A C I L I T Y S / C ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A L C 3 9 MAT-ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED GSE ., 03-19-65 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-Dl 05-03-65 LOPG - 230-390 KSC-K-Dl 230-390 KSC-F 230-390 KSC-F 03-05-65 01-25-65 , , LOFC �P A G E 13 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- -- --- -- D S DOCllMENTNUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - - -------------------- --- -__------------------------------------ L C 3 9 DATA TRANS S Y S ( W 1 D E BAND) NO IRN-CCBD SCHED ACTUAL R E 1 D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO bA YR CODE -------- -------- ------ PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR CEI NUMBERS A C T Y V I T Y ---- P----I-- 02-02-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 02-06-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC 03-23-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F ENTERED 6 5 1CD7003 - L C 3 9 FAC I N S T C A B L I N G - L O C / R O U T I N G A 65ICD7004 - L C 3 9 OPNL T V SYS-FAC-S/C E 65ICD7006 A L C 3 9 S A T V TRANSP ROUTES -S/C 03-1 5 - 6 5 LOFC 230-390 KSC-EDV-2 D 65ICD7010 A L C 3 9 S A T V VEH STAGE + S / C M I S A L I G N M E N T 08-13-65 LOFC 100-390 KSC-EDV-2 A L C 3 9 CSM + LEM T O F A C I L I T Y CABLES NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRM-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 08-24-65 LOEL 230-390 KSC-VG-2 230-390 KS.6-LVO-; 230-390 KSC-F A 65ICD7002 A 65ICD7052 - L C 3 9 OPNL INTERCOM SYS-S/C S/C ESE/GSE S/C ESE/GSE GSE TO HAZARD PROOF MON S Y S T v L C - 3 9 A L C 3 9 V A B H I G H BAY AREA TO S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 04-28-65 LOFC �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 1 DATE 29 J U L 6 6 -- --- -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBERo 3 R R E V I S I O N NOTICE - DOC REV ._- ____------------------ SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA Y R MO D A YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER A 16331-63A107350 A 16331-63A107393 - C-S 000-100 MSFC 08-06-65 C-S 000-100 MS FC-AS1 03-18-65 E I 300-230 MSC 08-12-65 EJ 300-100 MSC L V E S E / P R O P E L L A N T SYSTEMS XCD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 4 12-15-65 €1 220-210 MSFC-AST L V ESE TO LAUNCH EQUIPMENT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0189 12-09-65 EX 220-210 MSFC-AST I+ A 401.105496 E I 220-230 MS FC-AST EI 000-100. - A t+ rJM37543 EI 000-220 CS 000-100 MSFC-AST, A 50M36801 H- NF 040-090 MSFC-M-El LOFC 230-390 KSG-F 07-01-67 EDS L I M I T S E L E C I C D ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 COMP I N T F A SOFTWARE ICD-ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 - - - --O-------U------UO--------------------- B D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SATURN V ONBOARD EDS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 8 A 13M65503 PREPAR I N I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY COMP I N T E R F A C E SC E S E TO t V E S E 06-01-66 DEF OF S A - 5 0 3 APOLLO S C - 1 0 2 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 6 9 ELEC I N T F 04-05-65 EDS CHEC.KOUT SCHEMATICS DES OF SATURN SA 5 0 3 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 0 + 03-30-67 APOLLO S C - 1 0 2 I C D SATURN I B / V CONTROL RATE GYRO PKG L C 3 9 S I T E P L A N + GENL,ARRANGE-S/C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED GSE EDS 03-11-66 03- 15-66 01-28-65 , . MSFC-AST MSFC - �. APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G P A G E 13 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- -- --- -- DOC!JMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------------------- --- ........................................ - L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT PROCEDURAL REQ ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD 13M07083 - 501-65-77 501-66-0198 L A U V E H I S P A C E C R A F T F U N C T I O N A L REQ ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 5 B ENVELOPE L E M / S - I V B / I U CLEARANCE P H Y S I C A L ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 9 - - INSTRUMENT U N I T T O SPACECRAFT PHYS REQ ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 1 IUtI-CC8D 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 1 IRN-CC8D 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 1 0 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 1 4 SPACECRAFT TO Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 PHYS REP B SATURN/APOLLO FREQ P L A N ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 5 6 - - EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 4 L V TO S C ( C S M - 1 0 2 r L E M - 3 ) I N S T R ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0396 + COMM I N T F SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE PREPARING ----- I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T - . I T Y -------- -------- ------ -------------- s-- �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG D A T E 29 JUL 66 - -- --- -- PAGE " I? r u DOCUMENT NUMBERo OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV 6 5 ICD9776-003 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE -------- -------- PHY I C D P I P E C R I T S I C FWD UMB SERV UN SV ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 0 0 2 - 1 0-66 -r=---- LO-F A SEE B A S I C NUMBER FOR R E V I S I O N p T I T L E , E T C o 1 - PHY I C D ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD PREPARI I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVIT --------------010-220 s------ MSFC-ED' SEE-DWG + P I P C R I T HAZ GAS ANALYZER SATV 02-04-66 LO-FA 220-000 MSFC-ED\ 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-EDV 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC LOFC 230-390 KSC-EDV- 501-66-0100 501-66-0377 501-66-0315 A L C 3 9 M L PHY LOC PORT I U HATER ACCUM CART ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 7 - LC-39 - LC39 S / C DOC, POWER S U P P L I E S HAZARD PROOF1 NG-S/C A I R N NO 2 TO FMP I C D NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 0 1-2 0-66 - �. APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LUG DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 AS -- --- -- D __ S DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV .................... --- + - - - --. SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L . DATE PANEL MO D A Y R MO DA YR CODE -_-------------- ---I------------------------------------ o----- PREPARING --------------- --- ---I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T E R OR C E I NUMBERS A C T T " I T Y 5 0 1-66-0045 501-66-0327 SEE BAS! C NUMBER FOR R E V I S I O N o T I T L E , E T C - SEE-D#G PHYS I C D S - I C H Y D R A U L I C U N I T L C 3 9 ICD-CCSD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 3 02-10-66 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-K-DT PHY I C D S - I C PNEU CONSOLE RKS 1-2-3+4 ICD-CCBD 501-65-61 09-1 5-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-K-DT PHY I C D PNEU CONSOLES 5 ~ 6 . 7 + 8 S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 4 08-09-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 09-24-65 LO-FA 220-390 HSFC-EZV 02-07-66 LO-FA 220-280 HSFC-P+V i 12-09-65 LO-FA 210-390 KSC-EDV P I P C R I T S - I C F L U S H + PURGE U N I T SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 7 02-07-66 LO-FA 010-390 HSFC-EDV PHY I C D + P I P E C R I T S I ' I L E A K DETECT SYS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 5 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 6 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 4 02-10-65 LO-FA 020-220 MS-FC-EW PHY I C D S - I C PNEU CHECKOUT RKS 1-2-3*4 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1-65-46 P I P I N G CRITERIA S-IC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 6 IRN-CCBD 50 1-66-0306 ; PNEU CONSOLE SET A S - I I STAGE GSE PLACEMENT ON MBL LAUNCHER ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 9 - P A G E i3! CONT. DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD 65 ICD9766-003 502 ----- c �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE I DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 - -- --- -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBERo 3R R E V I S I O N N O T I C E R DOC REV 1 - J 65ICD9760 - R DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER IRN-CCBD J 65ICD9759 1 - - - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE -------- ------- ------ PREPARIb I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY - -------------o- -------- 501-66-0292 06-22-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE P I P I N G C R I T E R I A APS PNEU CONSOLE L C 3 9 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0314 02-10-66 LOFA 220-390 MS FC-EDU PHY I C D S - I C I N E R T P R E F I L L ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 7 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-EDV 06-2 5-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE PHY I C D APS PNEU CONS D S V - 4 0 - 4 3 6 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 9 V PIPING CRIT PHY I C D S - I 1 PNEU CONSOLES S 7 - 4 1 B / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 2 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 1 PHY I C D S I I PNEU CONSOLE S 7 - 4 1 C / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 2 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 4 PHY I C D S I I PNEU CONS S 7 - 4 1 A + 4 1 D / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 0 PHY I C D HEAT EXCHANGER A 7 - 7 1 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 PIPING CRITERIA S-I1 V V V V PNEU S Y S I S A T U R N V 06-25-65 LO-FA 02-11-66 LO-FA , .. .- +, 220-390 KSC-P+VE 220-390 MSFC-EDV . . . �9 APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G PAGE 1: DATE 2 9 - J U L 66 -- -- --- -- .- D S DOClJMENT NUHBERI OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E - .................... DOC REV SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA Y R MO DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T l T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --_ ........................................ ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD - - - - -------- ------- ------ ------------ --------- 501-66-0178 5 0 1-66-028 1 501-66-0288 UMB + S E R V I C E CONNECTIONS S - I V B ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 FORWARD U M B I L I C A L + S E R V I C E CONNECTIONS I U ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 5 IRM-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 PHY I C D S - I V B PNEU CONS D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 2 / S A T ICD-CCBD 501-66-0107 V PHY I C D S - I V B PNEU CONS DSV-4B-433/SAT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 5 V P I P I N G CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBO 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 4 PNEU CONS SET L C 3 9 PHY I C D S - I V B H T EXCH D S V - 4 B - 4 3 8 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 6 V PHY I C D I U C O O L I N G U N I T + P I P I N G C R l T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 6 - PHY PREPARIN( I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS AC" ITY I C D XU PNEU CONS + P I P I N G C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 8 . 06-18-65 LO-FA 040-390 KSC-P+VE 06-1 8 - 6 5 LO-FA 090-390 KSC-P+VE 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-K-ST 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 01-28-66 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+VE 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KS' 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-EDV 09-1 5 - 6 5 LO-FA 220-390 PISFC-EDV +VE - �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 66 C AS DOCUMENT NUMBER? OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV 502 CONTO __ _ .................... --- ---------------------------------------S IAOl DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER PAGE 9, SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO DA YR CODE -------- -------- ------ PREPAR I h I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY - -------- ---o---------- ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 6 IRN-CCBD~ 501-66-0290 IRM-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 8 I - PHY I C D L A U VEH S - I C FWD U M B / L C 3 9 GSE 08-09-65 LO-FA 010-390 KSC-P+VE 06-28-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+VE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0190 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 4 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - - - UMB + SERV CONNECTIONS S - I 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0383 INTERM . .- U M B I L I C A L 9 SERV CONN S I I LOX DISCONNECT ICD-CCBO 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 06-21-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+VE UMBILICAL SERV CONN S - I 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 6 06-21-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+VE 06-28-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSE-P+VE 06-21-65 LO-FA 040-390 LH2 DISC U M B I L I C A L + S E R V I C E CONN S - , I I ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 7 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED , FORWARD . KSC-P+VE �APOLLO INTERFACE AS- DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- D S DOCUMENTNUMBERt 3R R E V I S I O N N O T l C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 502 1 A01 PAGE 1 CONTO - -----. SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -- - ------------------- --- ....................................... - FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS R P - 1 SYS SAT PREPAQ I N I N T E R F A C E AREAS CEFt'EFI OR C E I NUMBERS AC JITY -------- -------- ------ ------------- -------- 06-1 5-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+Vf FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS V A B ECS SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 05-1 9-65 LOPG 000-260 KSC-K-DT P I P C R I T APS PROP S E R V I C I N G SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 5 0 02-08-66 LO-PG 220-390 MSFC-EDV UKB AND SERV CONN P L A T E 3-4 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 8 08-10-65 LO-FA V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 IRN-CCBD. 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 - - - J 65IC09744 - S I C AFT UMB + SERV CONNS P L A T E NO 1-2 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 1 S-IC AFT 08-18-65 LO-FA UMB + SERV CONNS P L A T E NO 3-2 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 2 S-IC AFT 08-10-65 LO-FA 08-10-65 LO-FA 08-09-65 LO-FA H O T I O N ENV A F T UMB P L A T E S 1 , 2 9 + 3 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0042 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 PHY I C D L A U VEH S - I C S-IC I N T K U M B / L C 3 9 GSE , 010-21 0 MS. ,-P+V �, APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 -- --- -- 502 ----- Y H ___ _ C J DGCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV - - PAGE SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREPARI INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T X V I T ------. LOW BAY ESE TO I N S T R SYS AND REC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 2 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC-AS S E R V I C I N G REQMTS ECS SAT V L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 09-09-65 LOPG 250-390 HSFC-KSl FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GHE SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+V' FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VI FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GH2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VI FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 8 , 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VI FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS LOX SYS SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CC8D 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 06-03-65 ICD-CCBD I CONT. -------- ------ -------------- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER _-_____-------------- ........................................ A 65ICD9241 IAOl ---4---- 501-66-0171 ' LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE �. APOLLO 1NTERFAC.E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 JUL -- --- .D 66 - AS .. DOCllHENT NUMBER9 OK R E V I S I O N N O T I C E . 502 ----- DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - -S ------------------- --- ...................................... - --. SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L . D A T E PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR CEI NUMBERS ACT :TY - LO-FC 220-390 HSFC LOFC 000-040 MS FC 03-09-66 LO-EL 220-390 MSFC-ASTR L V E S E / 6 0 AC POWER REQUIREMENTS ICD-CCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 4 I~N-CCBD 501-66-0324 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-370 MSFC-ASTR LV ESE TO I N S T R SYSTEM ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 2 IRN-CCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 6 5 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC COUNT CLOCK T O KSC T I M I N G L C - 3 9 ICD-CCBD 50 1 - 6 5 - 8 4 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 08-14-65 LOEL 200-390 - L V ESE TO K S C DATA MEASUREMENTS 02-11-66 LOEL 220-290 MSFC-ASTR .- LOW B A Y ESE TO I N S T R U SYS + REC 02-1 1-66 LO-EL 220-290 NSFC - - - 04-05-66 S - I C f M L HOLD DOWN ARMS P H Y S I C A L REQMTS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 6 WIND LOAD A L L E V I A T I O N S Y S F A C I L T O L / V A F A C I L I T Y CABLES FOR LAUNCH V E H I C L E ESE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - PAGE 12' CONTa 09-01-66 L V ESE TO RANGE SEQUENCING L C - 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 t . HSFC-ASTR MSFC-ASTR - �A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G IA 0 1 . DATE 2 9 JUL 66 -- --- -- C u DOCUMENT NUMBER, DOC G OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBO NUMBER SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO D A Y 8 MO D A YR CODE --mb--- NO I R N - C C S D NO I R N - C C B D a B L C 3 7 / 3 9 LEM NO I R N - C C B D NO I R N - C C B D NO I R N - C C B D - LC34/37/39 - - - - ?REPAR I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I MUNBERS ACTIVf' --------------- ------. I * . . . - ENTERED ENTERED SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 - 1 7 2 ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED CMD MOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G V E R T STOP F O R L E S A C C E S S ARM NO IRN-CCBD E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D A HOCK-UP ------- PAGE 23 A F R M 9 T O ACCESS ARM WHT RM 11-17-64 LOFA 230-340 KSC-D 11-18-64 LOFA 230-300 HSC-FO 03-17-65 LOFA 230-300 KSC-DE C / M ACCESS ARM ADPT HOOD T O S / C XNTF REQ 11-04-65 LOFA 100-300 HSC-ED\ P H Y l NTF R E T R A C T I O N MECH Q-BALL I C D - C C B D 501-66-0164 COVER 12-10-65 LO-FA 110-300 KSC-ED\ S A T U R N V L A U N C H V E H I C L E PROTUBERANCES ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 5 2 02-02-66 LOFC 220-390 L C 3 9 VAB H I G H BAYS TO L I V ESE/GSE 11-19-65 LOFC 220-390 LC 3 9 V A B LOW B A Y A R E A T O L / V - E S E / G S E I C D - C C B D 501-66-0086 02-09-66 LO-FC 220-390 -K S C - E D i L C 3 9 MSS TO L / V E S E / G S E ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 0 02-14-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EDC LC-39 12-07-65 LOFC 220-390 KSC-EDY - MSFC KSC-F . PAD AREA L / V ESE/GSE �. APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 J U L 6 6 -- --- -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E - - .................... DOC REV --- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - - ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED L C 3 9 A ML P I P C R I T + I N T F L O C S/C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED F L SYS 08-20-65 LOFA 230-390 KSC-EDV 11-17-64 LOFA 230-390 KSC-DE L C 3 9 PHY I N T F C GOX COND PNL LEAK TS U N I T NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 07-22-65 LOFA 230-390 KSC-EDV ACCESS ARM + SERV MODULE CABLE REQMTS NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 09-22-65 LOFA 230-390 KSC-EDV LEM U M B I L I C A L AND T E S T CABLES FOR L C 39 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 08-20-65 LOFA 230-390 KSC -DV 09-22-64 LO-FC 230-340 11-29-65 LOFC 230-347 KSC-EDV-2 05-03-65 LOPG 230-300 KSC-K-OT LC39-LUT GSE CABLES-GAS LC/34/37/39 A S/C - IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD PREPARINC INTERFACE AREAS CENTcR OR C E I NUMBERS A C i iTY -------- -------- ------ --------------- --------_ ---------------------------s---s--s-- NO NO NO NO NO NO - SCHED ACTUAL R E 1 DATE REL' DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE A.C, N I T SYS T I M I N G + COUNTDOWN D l S T POWER REC. 4 CONN FUNCT I N T F REQMTS ECS MC LEM S/C LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 , GSE SM SWG ARM U M 0 D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 , - �, APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 66 AS -- --- -- 502 ----- CON?. PAGE 8 C n S S DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER NO NO NO NO - IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREPAR I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVI ------- -------- ------ ------------ ----0- ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC LEM F L D SY.S 12-02-65 LOPG 140-390 KSC-ED\ 01-12-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 PAD A S/C-GSE NO, IRN-CCBD ENTERED 03-19-65 LOPG FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-390 KSC-ED' FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-I - L C 3 9 A S / C GSE FUNC I N T F REQvGOX 02-09-66 LOPG 230-390 KSC-ED' - LC39 LOFC 230-330 KSC-F - FUNCT. I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 PAD 8 S/C-GSE 03-19-65 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K- 11-0 5-64 LO-FC 230-390 - - - LC39/MSS L C 3 9 PAD A NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD - ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED PAD B 0 L C 3 9 L U T GSE SYSTEMS AFRH C O N F I G NO I RN-CCBD E N T E R E D . NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-01-66 a MSC-NA �A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E C O N T R O L DOCUMENT L O G iA01 PAGE 1 2 5 D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- D S DOCUMENTNUMBER* OR REVISION NOTICE --- DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E O R C C B D NUMBER SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MU DA YR MO D A YR C O D E ---PO--- PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T E ACTIVITY OR C E I NUMBERS ------- ------ -------------- ---------4 NO NO NO NO NO NO IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD NO I R N - C C B D NO I R N - C C B D NO I R N - C C B D - - ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED FUNCT I N T F REQS E C S L C 3 9 VAB S/C-GSE 03-1 9-65 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-DT F U N C T I N T F RQMTS E C S L C 3 9 / V A B LEM S C G S E 05-03-65 LOPG 230-390 KSC-K-DT L C 3 9 LCC F A C I L I T Y S / C E S E / G S E NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E O 03-05-65 230-390 KSC-F A L C 3 9 MAT-ESE/GSE NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I RN-CCBD E N T E R E O NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO IRN-CCBD E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO IRN-CCBD E N T E R E D - L C 3 9 P I P I N G C R I T + I N T F L O C S/C F L D S Y S - 01-25-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 09-03-65 LOPG 100-200 KSC �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl D A T E 29 JUL 66 PAGE -- --- -- -* D 7 DOCUMENT N U M B E R , OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE P A N E L HO D A YR MO DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER 1 E 65ICD7001 1 R ------ L C 3 9 DA.TA TRANS S Y S ( W 1 D E BAND) NO TRN-CCBD ENTERED 02-02-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 02-06-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC 03-23-65 LOFC 230-390 03-15-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-EDV- 08-13-65 LOFC 100-390 KSC-EDV- 02-08-66 LOEL 230-390 KSC-LVO- 04-28-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F NO IRN-CCBD - - --.------ -dm---- R PREPARIi I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T E V I T ' ------. --&----------we ENTERED A 65ItD7002 - L C 3 9 OPNL I N T E R C O M SYS-S/C 65ICD7003 - L C 3 9 FAC I N S T CABLING-LOC/ROUTING ESE/GSE E 65ICD7006 A L C 3 9 S A T V TRANSP ROUTES -S/C D 65ICD7010 A L C 3 9 SAT V VEH STAGE + S/C S/C MISALIGNMENT . KSC-F A L C 3 9 CSM + LEM T O F A C I L I T Y CABLES NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD EbJTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED , NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - S/C . GSE TO HAZARD PROOF MON S Y S T v L C - 3 9 A L C 3 9 V A B H I G H BAY AREA TO S / C ' .- �DATE 2 9 J U L 66 AS -- --- -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E -- - .................... R DOC REV 502 ----- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER IRN-CCBD - SCHED ACTUAL R E t D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR KO D A YR CODE --- ....................................... 4 PAGE 1 CONT, - - 501-66-0397 C-S 000-100 MSFC C-S 000-100 MSFC-AST 03-18-65 EI 300-230 MSC L V E S E I P R O P Z t L A N T SYSTEMS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 4 12-15-65 E I 220-210 MSFC-AST L V E S E TO LAUNCH EQUIPMENT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 9 12-09-65 E I 220-210 MSFC-AST EI 230-220 EDS L I M I T S E L E C I C D ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 - 08-06-65 04-01-67 COMP I N T F A SOFTWARE ICD-ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 - - -------- -------- ------ -------------- ------- B D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR SATURN V ONBOARD EDS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 8 A 13M65502 PREPARIN I N T E R F A C E AREAS CE?2TER OR CEI NUMBERS A C JITY COMP I N T E R F A C E 04-15-66 SC E S E TO L V E S E - MSFC-AST - I N S T U N I T T O SPACECRAFT E L E C REQ ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 8 04-05-65 EX 000-100 MSFr-AST - DES OF S A - 5 0 2 AND S C - 0 2 0 ICD-CCBD 501-66-0160 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 5 1 01-14-66 CS 000-100 HSFC-AST - EDS 10-31-66 EDS CHECKOUT SCHEMATICS LC39 S I T E P L A N + GENL ARRANGE-S/C GSE 01-28-65 EI 000-220 MSFC LOFC 230-390 KSC-F : �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl PAGE DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- C H C DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV , - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E 1 DATE P A N E L MO D A YR M O CIA YR CODE -------- -------- -I---- PREPARI I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T X V I T -------------- ------ L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT PROCEDURAL R E 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 0 L A U VEH TO SPACECRAFT F U N C T I O N A L REQ ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 6 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 8 ENVELOPE L E M / S - I V B I I U CLEARANCE P H Y S I C A L ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 9 - I U TO SPACECRAFT PHYS REQ IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 1 1 SPACECRAFT TO Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 1 PHY REQ B SATURN/APOLLO FREQ P L A N ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 5 6 - EMI COMPATIBILITY DESIGN ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 4 CRITERIA L V TO S C 0 2 0 I N S T R + COMM I N T E R F A C E ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 3 , IRN-CCBD 501-66-0073 000-100 MSFC 000-100 MSFC-AS 000-100 HSFC-AS �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS DATE 2 9 JUL 6 6 -- --- -- D S DOCUHENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV 501 ----- _ -------------------- --- ........................................ R 1 J 65ICD9773 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER IRN-CCBD - 651CD9776-001 --- SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR M O D A YR CODE -------- ---a_- ----I--- PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTE" OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I ' - Y --------------- ---------- 501-66-0129 P I P C R I T S - I C F L U S H + PURGE U N I T SAT V ICD-CCBO 5 0 1-66-0047 02-07-66 LO-FA 010-390 MSFC-EDV PHY I C D + P I P E C R I T S I I L E A K DETECT SYS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 5 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 6 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 4 02-10-65 LO-FA 020-220 MSFC-EDV 02-10-66 LO-FA 010-220 MSFC-E DV PHY I C D P I P E C R I T S I C FWD ICD-cECBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 0 U M B SERV UN SV SEE-DWG SEE B A S I C NUMBER FUR R E V I S I O N p T I T L E o ETCa - PHY I C D + P I P C R I T HAZ GAS ANALYZER SATV ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 5 02-04-66 LO-FA 220-000 MSFC-EDV A L C 3 9 M t PHY LOC PORT I U WATER ACCUM CART ICD-CCBD 5 0 2 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 7 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-EDV 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC LOFC 230-390 KSC-EDV-2 66ICD7007 - LC-39 66ICD7009 - L C 3 9 S/C A 80H90501 P A G E 121 CONT, HAZARD PROOFING-S/C DeC. POWER S U P P L I E S A F L I G H T MECHANICS P A N E L I C D 01-20-66 �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- ; 7 P - D O C U M E N T NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD . -. J 65iCD9765 I - R R 1 2 6 5 ICD9766-001 * - - ICD-CCBD IRN-CC8D IRN-CCBD -------- -------- PREPARI I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVIT --------------- ------- ---I 501-66-0130 501-66-0300 PHY I C D HEAT EXCHANGER A 7 - 7 1 / S A T . * SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE V 06-2 5 - 6 5 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VI 02-11-66 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-E D\r 50 1 - 4 5 - 3 1 501-66-0295 501-66-0131 PIPING CRITERIA S - I 1 ICD-CCBD 5 3 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 5 IRN-CCBD 50 l - 6 6 - 0 3 2 7 PNEU SYS/SATURN V SEE-DWG SEE B A S I C NUMBER FOR R E V I S I O N o T I T L E e E T C m PHYS I C D . S - I C H Y C R A U L I C U N I T L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 3 02-10-66 LO-FA 220-390. KSC-K-Dl PHY I C D S - I C PNEU CONSOLE RKS 1-2-3+4 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 6 1 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-K-Dl PHY I C D PNEU CONSOLES 5 9 6 ~ 7+ 8 S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 4 08-09-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+Vf PHY I C D S - I C PNEU CHECKOUT RKS 1-2-3+4 ICD-CCB'D 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 6 09-24-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-ED\ PIPING CRITERIA S-IC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 6 02-07-66 LO-FA 220-280 MSFC-P+\ 12-09-65 LO-FA 210-390 KSC-EDV PNEU CONSOLE SET A S-11 STAGE GSE PLACEMENT ON MBL LAUNCHER' ICD-CCBD 501-66-0129' - . �IAOl APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 1 1 DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 -- -- --- -- .- D S DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E - .................... DOC REV --- --------------------------------------- J 651CD9757 R DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - 2 - - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO D A Y R MO DA YR CODE -------- 09----- ---s-- PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER ACT ' I T Y OR C E I N U M B E R S - ----------s- --I ----- 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE PHY I C D I U C O O L I N G U N I T + P I P I N G C R I T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 6 09-15-65 LD-FA 220-390 MSFC-EDV PHY I C D I U PNEU CONS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 8 IRM-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 2 09-1 5-65 LO-FA 220-390 PISFC-EDV 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE P I P I N G C R I T E R I A APS PNEU CONSOLE L C 3 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 4 02-10-66 LOFA 220-390 MSFC-EDV PHY I C D S - I C I N E R T P R E F I L L + P I P I N G C R I T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 7 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-EDY PHY I C D S - I 1 PNEU CONSOLES S 7 - 4 1 B / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 2 8 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0124 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 1 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE PHY I C D S - I V B H T EXCH D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 8 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 6 9 V PIPING CRITERIA P H v I C D APS PNEU CONS DSV-4B-436/SAT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 PHY I C D S I I PNEU CONSOLE S 7 - 4 1 C / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 2 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 IRN-CCBD 50 1-66-0294 PHY I C D S I I PNEU CONS S 7 - 4 1 A + 4 1 D / S A T ICD-CCBD 50 1 - 6 5 - 3 0 V V V V 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE �. APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl DATE 2 9 J U L 66 PAGE -- --- -SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE C H G DOCUMENT NUWBERo OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD - - J 651CD9755 i) R 3 - -------- -------- ------ --------------- ------- 501-66-0126 501-66-0126 U M B I L I C A L + S E R V I C E CONN S - 1 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 7 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED UMB + SERV CONNECTIONS S - I V B ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 8 FORWARD AFT U d B + S E R V l C E CONNECTIONS S - I V B ICD-CCBD I RN-CCBD PREPARI I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVIT FORWARD 06-2 8-65 LO-F A 020-390 KSC-P+VI 06-21-65 LO-F A 040-390 KSC-P+VI 06-1 8 - 6 5 LO-FA 040-390 KSC-P+V 06-18-65 LO-FA 090-390 KSC-P+V 501-66-0177 501-66-0283 U M B I L I C A L + S E R V I C E CONNECTIONS I U ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 5 IRM-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 PHY I C D S - I V B PNEU CONS D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 2 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 7 V 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-K-D PHY I C D S - I V 8 PNEU CONS D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 3 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 5 V 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 XSC-P+V 0 1 - 2 8-66 LO-FA 020-390 P I P I N G CRITERIA S-IVB I CD-CCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 3 , IRN-CCBO 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 4 PNEU CONS SET L C 3 9 - KSC-P+V �IA 0 1 APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 AS -- --- -- O S DOC!%IMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV - 501 ----- -- SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA Y R CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - - ------------------- --- ....................................... - UMB + SERV CONNS P L A T E NO 3-2 S - I C PAGE 1 1 CON?, PREPAR I N ( INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACT ' I T Y - -------- -------- ------ -------------- --AFT 08-10-65 LO-FA 08-10-65 LO-FA ---_.)__ 010-210 MSFC-P+VE 010-390 KSC-P+VE ICD-CCBO 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 IRN-CCBD-501-66-0382 - - - MOTION ENV AFT UMB PLATES 1 , 2 9 4 3 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 S-IC PHY I C D LAU VEH S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 IRM-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 8 I N T K UMB/LC39 GSE 08-09-65 LO-FA PHY I C D LAU VEH S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 7 IRN-CCBO 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 4 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED FWD U M W L C 3 9 GSE 08-09-65 LO-FA 06-28-65 LO-FA U M B I L I C A L 9 SERV CONN S I I L O X DISCONNECT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 06-21-65 LO-FA U M B I L I C A L 4 SERV CONN S - I 1 06-21-65 LO-FA UMB + SERV CONNECTIONS S - I 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 3 INTERM LH2 DISC . �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 JUL 66 AS -- --- -- D 5 DOCUMENT NUMBER* O R R E V I S I O N NOTICE A 65ICD9404 R 1 R R DOC REV - 2 4 - - - 501 ----- DOCUHENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER CONTo : PAGE SCHEO ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR HO DA YR CODE -------- ------- ------ PREPARIE INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T I - ------- --I---------- FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQHTS L H 2 SYS SAT V IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 8 06-2 8 - 6 5 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+Vt FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQHTS LOX SYS SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 06-03-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+Vf 06-1 5 - 6 5 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+Vi FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS V A B ECS 'SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 05-X 9 - 6 5 COPG 000-260 KSC-K-Dl P I P C R I T APS PROP S E R V I C I N G SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 5 0 02-08-66 LO-PG 220-390 MSFC-ED! UMB AND SERV CONN P L A T E 3-4 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 0 1RN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 8 0 8 - 1 0-65 LO-FA 010-210 KSC-P+VE 03-18-65 LO-FA 010-210 KSE-P+VE SYS SAT V FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQHTS RP-1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 * S I C AFT UMB SERV CONNS P L A T E NO 1-2 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 8 IRM-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 8 IRN-CCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 1 ' S-IC AFT �APOLLO INTERFA'CE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 66 .. AS -- --- -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBERV OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD - "' - 50.1. ----- PACE I CONT, - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E RE^ DATE PANEL M O DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREPARIN, I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS AC 'ITY -------- ------- ------ --------------- ---em--- 501-66-0122 501-66-0265 MSFC COUNT CLOCK TO KSC T I M I N G L C - 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 9 8 08-14-65 LOEL 200-390 MSFC-AST L V E S E TO K S C DATA MEASUREMENTS 0 2 - 1 1-66 LOEL 220-290 MSFC-AST LOW BAY ESE TO I N S T R U SYS + REC ICD-CCBD 501-66-0171 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC LOW B A Y E S E TO I N S T R SYS AND REC ICD-CCBD ' 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 2 02-1 1-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC-AST S E R V I C I N G REQMTS ECS S A T V L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 I RN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 09-03-65 LOPG 250-390 MSFC-KSC FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GHE SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GH2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 - LOPG 4 �, I A0 L APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUHENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 66 I I- DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E _- _ .................... S E 65ICD9020 E 65ICD9041 : PAGE -- --- -- , DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ - L C 3 9 VAB H I G H BAYS TO L / V ESE/GSE - - - -------- --.=.----- 1-0--- PREPAR I F I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I T Y - -e------------- ------- 11-19-65 LOFC 220-390 KSC-F LC 3 9 VAB L O W B A Y A R E A T O L/V-ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 6 02-09-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EDV- L C 3 9 MSS TO L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 0 02-14-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EDV- L C - 3 9 PAD AREA L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 5 12-07-65 LOFC 220-390 KSC-EDV- S - I C / M L HOLD DOHN ARMS P H Y S I C A L REQMTS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 6 04-05-66 LO-FC 220-390 MSFC LOFC 000-040 MS FC 03-09-66 LO-EL 220-390 MSFC-AS7 L V ESE TO RANGE SEQUENCING L C - 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 6 2 08-14-65 LOEL 220-390 MSFC-AST L V E S E / 6 0 AC POWER REQUIREMENTS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 2 4 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-370 MSFC-AST L V ESE YO I N S T R SYSTEM ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 4 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 MS FC-AST - . WIND LOAD A L L E V I A T I O N S Y S F A C I L ' T ' O L P V A F A C I L I T Y CABLES FOR LAUNCH V E H I C L E E S E ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE 09-0 1-66 �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS 501 CONTO SCHED D S DOCUEENTNUMBERo OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E R DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER NO IRN-CCBD 4 - E 6 5 ICD8002 A S/C LC/34/37/39 AoC. - TIMING POWER REC- LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD 4 COUNTDOWN D I S T + CONN GSE SM SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 ENTERED ENTERED 09-22-64 LO-FC 230-340 11-29-65 LOFC 230-347 05-03-65 LOPG KSC-K-DT 10-01-64 LOFA MSC-FO-HJE KSC-EDV-2 KSC-EOV LEM SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 - 1 7 2 LC34/37/39 KSC-0 CMD MOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G MSC-FO VERT STOP FOR L E S ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A MOCK-UP - - ENTERED FUNCT I N T F REQMTS ECS MC .LEM S / C 8 LC37/39 - PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T F R ACT1 i Y OR CEZ NUMBERS PEM U M B I L I C A L AND T E S T CABLES FOR L C 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A 65ICD8001 - ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L D A T E PANEL HO DA YR MO DA Y R CODE 2 3 AFRM 9 T O ACCESS ARM WHT RM C / M ACCESS ARM ADPT HOOD TO S / C I N T F REQ 11-04-65 LOFA 100-300 HSC-EDV PHY I N T F R E T R A C T I O N MECH Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 4 COVER 12-1 0 - 6 5 LO-FA 110-300 KSG-EDV 02-02-66 LOFC 220-390 YSFC SATURN V LAUNCH V E H I C L E PROTUBERANCES ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 5 2 �APOLL(1 I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L U G D A T f 2 4 JUL 6 6 -- -....- -.- PAGE C DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E I I _-__ -- -..--.r -----.=----.. A 651CD7666 *----- DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --..-. ....--.---., - -...- .---.---.._-. I - T.CIC I -.-. ._.--.=..-- FUNCY I N l F REQS ECS L C 3 5 PAD 8 S/C.-GSE B L C 3 9 i L T GSE SYSTEMS AFRR C O N F I G NO IRN-CCBD ENTEREO NO TRN-CCBD ENTERED NO I R h - C C B D ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CC&D E N i E R E D NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - J. 65ICD7788 - J 65ICD7790 1A R R R 2 3 - L C 3 9 A M L P I P C R I T 4- l N T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE RE: DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A Y R CODE -.-- ,. . -.. . * . ..- -.- - . -.. . . , I 03-19-65 PREPARI I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVlf -.. LOPG 1 1-0 5-64 LO-FC ,---..'I ---,----- ------- 100-390 KSC-K-0 230-390 MSC-HAA .. F L SYS 08-20-65 LOFA 230-3'30 KSC-EDV 11-17-64 LOFA 230-390 KSC-DE L C 3 9 PHY I N f F C GOX COND PNL L E A K TS U N I T NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 07-22-65 LOFA 230-390 KSC-EDV ACCESS ARM + SERV MODULE CABLE REQMTS NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED ' 09-22-45 LOFA 230-390 KSC-EDV LC39-LUT GSE CABLES-GAS N I T SYS - �A P O L L O INTERFACE AS DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- D _ DOCUMENT NUMBERS 2% R c V I S I O N NOTICE _ _-____ S _.= _ 9 _ C _ _ _ _ _ C - - CONTROL DOC REV ---.- 501 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER -~*~--------O~I.=---G~---Y.=F-L~=~IY-.-----.i.---~-. DOCUMENT :a~ LOG 1 CON?" ---- SCHED ACTUAL REL. D A T E R E C D A T E P A N E L MO DA VR P O D A 'iR C 3 D E em- ------=. -.=- -.--.. :.iC.C: Pa.-PIY PREPAR I X G I N T E R F A C E A R E A S CENTE!? OR C E I hlUMBE9S _ CY~P--iU--L-L-C.-.-~- # . -.- -.= 2.-- NO IPN-CCDD NO XRN-CCBD ENTERED ENTERED NO J R R - C C B D ENTERED h i 0 1 RN-CCSD ENTERED NO ! R N - C t B O ENTERED NO 1 R ~ - C C B D ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD E N T E R E D NO IRN-CCBD E N f ERED - F 65fCD7468 - C 65ICD7567 C 65ICD7568 LC34 P I P I N G NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-LCBD NO IRN-CCBD -NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CRPT + I N T F LOC SCC F L D S Y S ENTERED ENTERED ENTEREO ENTERED ENTERED + ZNTF L O C 140-390 KSC-EGi, LOFC. 230-390 KSC-F 03-13-65 LOPG 100-390 KSf 12-02-65 LOPG 01-12-65 FUNCT I N T F REQS E C S L C 3 9 P A D A SIC-GSE NO I R N - C C B D ENTERED LC39tMSS P I F C R i T L C 3 9 PAD A NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD E M F L D SYS , ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED '-DT - FUNCT I N T F R E Q M T S GHE LC39A S I C G S E 05-02-86 LOPG 100-390 K S C - EDV FUNCT I N T F REQMTS G N 2 L C 3 9 A S L C GSE 05-02-66 LCPG 100-390 KSX-.K-DT LC39A S / C G S E FUNC I N T F R E Q c G O X 02-09-66 LOPG 230-390 KSC-EDV - LC39 LOFC 230-330 KSC-F - PAD B 0 6 - 0 1-66 �APOLL.0 I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT. L O G PAGE 1 D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 .-- ..-.- C S _ & _ DOCUMENT NUMBER? D K R E V I S I O N NOTICE -* -_.... R R R R R *---- .O-EU.CO---.C-L-- - -DOC REV -. -.. 12 14 16 A 65ICi17052 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --<.. . -_-.^ NO NO NO NO NO 9 k l - SCHEO ACTUAL R E L DATE REQ DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE - .:.-...-. E RN--CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD fRN-CCBD -2-.- -~.-.-.l.~-.._~.-.-,T,-C..T.L-..m-C,-7.-- .... .i.-.C.--C A 65ICD7167 -r-<-.....--. . . . . - . ~ ~ --99---- 02-08-66 LOEL 230-330 KSC-LVO- 04-28-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 VAB S I C - G S E 03-19-65 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-01 FUNCT I N T F RQMTS ECS L C 3 9 / V A B LEM SC GSE 05-03-65 LOPG 230-390 KSC-K-Dl L C 3 9 LCC F A C I L I T Y S / C E S E I G S E NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 03-05-65 230-390 KSC-F SC ! GSE TO HAZARD PROOF MON SYSTBI<-39 L C 3 9 VAB H I G H B A Y A R E A TO S / C NO TRN-CCRD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - -_r-----.- - ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED A A 65ICD7166 ----._i--_. PREPARIA I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E T NUMBERS ACTIVITY A LC39 MAT-ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED .. 01-25-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F �PAGE DATE 2 9 JUL 56 -- O S -- - -==- -- DOCUMENT NUMBERf 24 R c V I S l O N NOTICE -C-------OUe--F._I-U.--s DOC REV PC- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C 5 D NUMBER --- ---e --------~OL-CCC-PC.-O.-~-.~C-.-.~L---LC-C<-------=-. ICD-CCBD - ACT'Jnk. SCHED R E L D A T E RE& D A T E P A N E L M O D A "R Y O 0 4 YR CODE .s---. -. .- -.--. ---= LC -- ? R E P A ! ? IFv\ ENTERFACE PqEaS C E h T E R OR C E X N U M B E R T A C Y L V I T ~ -. . - - .-e-------.- c 501-66-0060 EDS CHECKOUT S C H E M A T I C S ZCD--CCBD 501-56-GO61 f~~-~68~'50h-66-006~ I2N-CCBD - 501-46-0276 L C 3 9 S I T E P L A N a G E N L ARRANGE-S/C NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D GSE 01-28-65 LOFC 230-.3'30 KSC--F L C 3 9 DATA TRANS S Y S I W I D E BAND] NO I R N - C C 8 D E N T E R E D 02-02--65 iOfC 230-390 KSC-F L C 3 3 OPNL INTERCOM SYS-S6C 02-06-65 LOFC 230-396 KSC-F 02-08-66 LOFC 230-340 KSC 03-23-65 LOFC 230-330 KSC-F 03-15-65 tOF6 230-390 KSC-EE'J- 08-13-65 LOPC 100-390 XSC-EDV-. 08-24-65 LOEL 230-390 KSC-VG-2 ESE6-GSE L C 3 9 FAC I N S ? CABLING-tOG/ROUTING L C 3 9 OPNL B V SYS-FAC-SIC SIC ESEiGSE A L C 3 9 S A T V T R A N S P ROUTES -SPC A L C 3 9 S A P V VEH S T A G E 4 SPC MISALIGNMENT A L C 3 9 C S H a LEN TO F A C I L I T Y CABLES NO I R N - C C P D E N T E R E D NO IRN-CCBD E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D I �A P O L I - 0 I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G D A T E 2 9 JUL 66 - ...... .- AS ..... 501 ....-....... - IAOl CONY, PAGE 4 C H 7 ___ _S DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E -_.__-__-.-.. DOC REV ..-..--.-..__----...- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER I . . --w."rC . . . > .. -"-.OY.*.. ..-..-. .........................I...............,... -.., . ACTiJAL PREPAR SCHED I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L OR C E I NUMBERS A C T f V I : MO DA YR HO D A YR CODE .__ __.*-----".*. . .......... . -..,.~-...--.--1.-.-C.- .-.I- ------- ( . I R 2 3 R 4 R - ~ t A 13M65001 IRN-CCBD IRN-CC.BD IRN-CCBD B D E S , I G N C R I T E R I A FOR S A T U R N V 3 N B O A R D EDS ICD-CCBD 501-66-0078 A 13M65501 - A 16331-63A107350 - A 16331-63A107393 501--66--0074 501-.66-.0074 501-46-0392 - - MSFC-A! 300-230 MSC 300-100 MSC 220-230 MSFC-A! LV E S E / P R O P E L L A N T S Y S T E M S ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 4 220-210 MSFC-A! L V E S E TO L A U N C H E Q U I P M E N T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 9 220-210 MSFC-A! E t E C XCD ACE SPC-LPV ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 S A T V LV ICD-CCBD 1 RN-CCBD IRN-CCBD COMP X N T F COMP I N T E R F A C E ESE TO APOLLO S t C ESE 501-65-85 501-66-0192 501-66-0192 A DEF S A - 5 0 1 4 SC-017 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 6 - C-S 000-100 EDS L I M I T S A SOFTWARE I C D - A C E S / C - L f V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 - 08- 06-65 ELECTRICAL INTERFACE 4 D E S OF S A - 5 0 1 AND S C - 0 1 7 EDS .. 000-100 MS FC-A! �. A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E CONTROL OOCUNENT L U G SCHEO ._ U S - DOCLHENTNUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE -I------------------ REV --- - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ----------------------------------,------- L A U VEHISPACECRAFT PROCEDURAL REQ IRN-CCBD 501-66-0200 L A U VEH T O SPACECRAFT FUNCTIONAL REQ ICD-CCBD 501-66-0336 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A I U 10 SPACECRAFT PHYS REQMTS ICD-CCBD 501-66-0103 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0103 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0103 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0103 IRN-.CCBD 501-66-0386 - SPACECRAFT TO Q-BALL PHYS REQ ICD-CCBD 501-66-0112 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0112 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0112 XRN-CC8D 501-66-0112 0 ENVELOPE L E H / S - I V B I I U CLEARANCE P H Y S I C A L ICD-CCBD 501-66-0099 8 SATURN/APOLLO FREQ PLAN ICO-CCBD 501-66-0256 - - ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL DOC EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 201-66-0114 L V T O SC 017 I N S T R + COHH INTERFACE ICD-CCHD 501-66-0074 I R N - C C D O 501-66-0074 MO DA YR MO OA YR CODE --------------- ------ PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACT7 ' T Y -.D.---P-..-.-N..D---- P-VC I--- �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUHEN T LOG IAOl DATE 2 9 J U L 66 PAGE -- --- -- C H CI DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E _-- - .................... 3 R DOC REV --- 1 J 65IC08303 R 1 R 2 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ----------------_---o--------------- NO IRN-CCBD , - - SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L D A T E P A N E L HO DA YR I40 D A YR CODE --we--- C / H ACCESS ARM ADPT HOOD TO S / C S-IB -me---. --C--------C)-- ------. ENTERED VERT STOP FOR L E S ACCESS ARH NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED LC34/37 ..----.--- PREPAR I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I ' L/V+S/C HISALIGN, I N T F RE0 FOR SAT I B VEH L V PROTUBERANCES L C 3 4 / 3 7 PHY I N T F R E T R A C T I O N MECH 0-BALL fCD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 4 COVER PHY I C D CALOPS CHECKOUT CONSOLEPSAT-IB PHY I C D HAZARDOUS GAS ANALYZER SATURN I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 9 LOW BAY ESE T O I N S T R U SYS ICO-CC.00 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 1 + REC 11-1 8 - 6 4 LOFA 230-300 HSC-FO 11-04-65 LOFA 100-300 MSC-EDV O ? - O ~ - O ! ~ LO-FC 200-367 ns~c-P+ LOVC 12-10-65 LO-FA 110-300 KSC-EDV LOFA 220-347 HSFC-EL: 12-10-65 LO-FA 220-347 MSFC-EE 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 HS FC 12-01-65 501-66-0039 MSFC 07-01-65 �9 APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 J U L 6 6 O S -- DOCUMENT NUMBERo OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E --s---------------e- P A G E LO -- DOC REV DOCUMENT T l T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ...................................... NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L ' D A T E PANEL HQ DA Y R MO DA YR CODE P P P - Y - - - -----I-- .Do---- PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACT ? T Y - -PO-----Y--C2QP c--------- ENTERED ENTERED F 651CD6068 A P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC S I C F L D SYS L C 3 7 8 SS 09-14-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV F 651CD6069 A L C 3 7 8 S A T I B SS P I P C R I T LEM F L D SYS 05-16-66 tOPG 230-37C KSC-EEV C 65ICD6467 - FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 7 B S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-370 KSC-EDV FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 7 B S / C 05-02-66 LOPG 100-370 KSC-EDV 11-1 0 - 6 5 LOFA 230-370 KSC-EDV L C 3 7 SS TO L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 201-66-0113 12-08-65 LO-FC 220-370 KSC-EDV-2 L C 3 7 PAD AREA E S E / G S E - L f V ICD-CCBD 201-66-0204 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 4 02-10-66 LO-FC 220-370 KSC L C 3 7 PHY I N T F S - I B STAGE TO HOLDDOWN ARM ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 1 01-1 0-66 LO-FC 000-370 KSC-EDV 09-22-64 LO-FC 230-340 10-01-64 LOFA 230-340 MSC-FO-HJ 03-07-66 LOFA 230-340 KSC-EDY 11-17 - 6 4 LCFA 100-300 MSC-NBA- C 65ICD6468 - 378 PHY l N T F LEM UMB ARM C A B L E REQMTS NO IRN-CCBD F 651CD6671 A 65ICD8001 - LC/34/37/39 - ENTERED - T I M I N G + COUNTDOWN D I S T L C 3 4 / 3 7 8 3 9 SM SWG ARM U H B D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED B LC37/39 J 65ICD8302 GSE LEM SWG ARM UHB D I S C A14-172 LC34/37/39 CMD MOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G ' - �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- "..-- -- 212 --...-- W P DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E _-- - .................... * 9 9 9 * 4 J 651CD5892 R 1 R 2 R 3A R R DOC REV --- PAGE CONTO C G IAOl DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ----------------------=----------------- SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL WO DA YR MO DA YR CODE -------- PREPARI I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTXVXT ------- ----------a---- 0----0-- ---0-0 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P+V PHY I C D BOAT T A I L COND UM8LS S - 1 8 / 1 8 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 0 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 0 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P+V A A PHYS I C D I N S T R U N I T PNEU C O N S O L E / I S ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED .. IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 03-02-66 LO-F A 220-347 KSC-P+V P I P I N G C R I T E R I A INSTRUMENT U N I T L C 3 4 - 3 7 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 4 IRN-CCBD 201-66-0238 12-30-65 LO-FA 220-347 MSFC-K-' A PHY I C D I U C O O L I N G U N I T L C 3 4 ALTERNATE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 3 03-02-66 LOFA 220-347 HSFC-K- A PHY I N T F CONT DWG I U FLOW CONT V A L V E BOX ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 12-16-65 LO-FA 290-347 02-08-66 LOFC 230-370 - 4 5 - PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED FWD CSW ARM = 1 1 A PHY I C D S - I V B I I U C O O L I N G U N I T / I B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 3 7 - - KSC-P+VI . LC 37 HAZARD PROOFING S / C . KSC �t APOLLO 1NTERFAC.E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 J U L 66 P A G E LO' --. -- --- -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD SCHEO ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E t . D A T E PANEL MO DA YR HO 08 YR CODE PREPAR I X G INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACT- ITY 201-66-0235 201-66-0281 A PHY I C D A F T UMB S W I N G ARM NO 2 S - I V B NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 01-21-66 LOFA 040-347 HSFC-K-CT A PHY I C D FWD UMB SWING ARM NO 3 S - I V B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 01-21-66 LO-FA 040-347 MSFC-GT A PHY I C D I U UMB SWING ARM NO 3 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 03-1 5-66 LOFA 090-347 MSFC-K-DT 08-02-65 LO-FA 0 10-347 KSC-P+VE 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P+VE - PHY XCD UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED PHY I C D UMB NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD CONN S - I B / I B ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ( S H C MAST111 SH M A S T I V PHY I C D 0 8 A T T A I L L O X U H B S - 1 8 / 1 6 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1-66;0284 P H Y S I C A L I C D BOAT T A I L FUEL UMB S - I B / I B ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 8 ' 08-02-65 LO-FA 010-347 KSC-P+VE �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 J U L 66 C cI G AS 212 PAGE CONTO SCHED DOCUMENT NUMBER, DOC OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E REV I - - I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR CEX NUAaERS ACTIVII ------------------- -------- ------- -.----- L V ESE T O R A N G E SEQUENCING L C - 3 4 ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 6 05-28-55 LO-EL 220-340 HSFC-AS L V ESE T O F A C I L I T Y AC POWER L C - 3 4 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD E N T E R E D 08-12-65 LOEL 220-340 ('4sFC-AS 02-1 8-66 LO-EL 220-200 MSFC-AS MSFC COUNT CLOCK T O KSC T I M I N G ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 9 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 9 06-08-65 LO-EL 200-240 >tSFC-AS L V ESE TO KSC DATA MEASUREMENTS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 6 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 4 6 12-15-65 LO-EL 220-340 MSFC-AS L V ESE 10 WATER DELUGE SYSTEM ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 0 I RN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 4 0 05-28-65 LO-EL 220-340 HSFC-AZ 11-10-65 LO-FA 040-347 HSFC-EE DOCUHENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER A L V E s E TO I N S T R SYS + RECORDERS ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 5 - 0 0 3 8 - PREPAR: ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L D A T E PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE A PHY I C D APS MODULES ON L A U VEH/SAT ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRM-CCBD I0 ' 201-66-143 201-66-0239 201-66-0234 A PIPING CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 8 IRN-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 5 APS PNEU U N I T S / I B 11-10-65 LO-FA 040-347 HSFC-EC �. APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 10 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- -- --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUM8ER ------------------- --- ....................................... 50ML2614 - DEF SAT I B SRSC TEST ENCOD/LC-34+LC-37 50M12621 - DEF SRSC DECODER/LC-34 + LC-37 I N T F - 50M12622 503.112623 50M36801 65 1 6 0 5 3 6 8 .. - - - SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E t ' DATE PANEL MO D h YR MO DA YR CODE -------- -------- ------ PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I N U M B E R S ACT ITY - --------- I - 07-1 5 - 6 6 IC 280-290 MSFC-ASTR 07-15-66 IC 280-290 MSFC-ASTR 07-1 5-66 IC SEE-DUG MSFC-ASTR 03-15-66 M-NF 040-090 MSFC-M-ED 09-14-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV 100-230 KSC-EDV 100-230 KSC-EDV DEF S A T I B SRSC I N D PANEL/LC-34+LC-37 DEF SAT 1 8 SRSC CODE PLUG/DECODER IMTF I C D SATURN I B / V CONTROL RATE GYRO PKG P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED FLD SYS L C 3 4 SS FUNC I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 4 S/C GSE 09-15-65 LOPG FUNC I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 4 S/C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED GSE 09-1 5 - 6 5 LOPG 09-15-65 LOPG 100-230 KSC-EDV 04-05-66 LOFC 230-340 KSC-EDV 09-1 5-65 LOFA 230-340 KSC-EDV FUNC I N T F REQflTS GOX L C 3 4 S / C GSE A L C - 3 4 INTERFACE S / C GSE TO UMB TMR NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A L C 3 4 UT P I P C R I T NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD + I N T F LOC S / C F L D SYS - ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED A L Y ESE TO F A C I L I T Y C A B L I N G L C - 3 4 ICD-CCBD 201-66-0344 10-06-65 LO-EL 220-340 MSFC-ASTR �IA01 APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 1 : .. DATE " 2 9 J U L 6 6 H D G S -- DOCUMENTNUMBER, DR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV . .. . AS 507 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER CONT. ---- . . PAG SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREPA I N T E R F A C E A R E A S CENTE ACT I V OR C E I NUMBERS -------- -------- ------ --------------- -----. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ----------------------,-,,,,-------, - - FUNCT I N T F REOS ECS L C 3 9 PAD A S/C-GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 03-19-65 LOPG - F U N C T c I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG KSC-E - FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG KSC-K* 02-09-66 LOPG KSC-Ei 02-1 0-66 L /-FC KSC 03-19-65 LOPG KSC-K- 11-05-64 LO-FC MSC-N4 - L C 3 9 A S / C GSE FUNC I N T F LC-39 REQvGOX PAD B S / C FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS LC39 PAD 0 S/C-GSE B L C 3 9 L U T GSE SYSTEMS AFRM C O N F I G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - L C 3 9 A ML P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTEREL? FL SYS �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 J U L 66 AS -- --- -- 1 j DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV - - PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTE' OR C E I N U M B E R S ACTIV.. E - -------- -------- ------ --------------- -------- ENTERED LOFA 230-390 KSC-DE L C 3 9 PHY I N T F C GOX COND PNL L E A K T S U N I T NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 07-22-65 LOFA 230-390 KSC-EDV ACCESS ARM + SERV MODULE C A B L E REQMTS NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO I R N - C f B D ENTERED 09-22-65 LOFA 230-390 KSC-EDV LEM U M B I L I C A L AND T E S T CABLES F.OR L C 39 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 08-20-65 + 09-22-64 GSE CABLES-GAS LC/34/37/39 TIMING N I T SYS COUNTDOWN D I S T < , " \ LOFA 230-390 KSC-EDV i LO-FC 230-340 . POWER REC* + CONN 11-29-65 LOFC 230-347 KSC-EDV-2 FUNCT I N T F REQMTS ECS MC LEM S / C GSE 05-03-65 LOPG 230-300 KSC-K-DT LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD 10-01-64 LOFA 230-340 NSC-F AmC- . 8 L C 3 7 / 3 9 LEM NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR HO DA YR CODE 11-17-64 LC39-LUT A S/C - --- PAGE 202 CONTm DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCQD NUMBER NO IRN-CCBD - 507 ----- LC34/37/39 SM SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 ENTERED ENTERED SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 - 1 7 2 ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED CM.0 ,,VOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G . . . -d. ---< '135.. �IAGl APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS DATE 29 J U L 66 -- --- -- ) 5 D O C U M E N T NUMBER9 DOC REV OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E - .................... --- J 65iCD0304 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ---------------------------------ma----- - SCHED ACTUAL R E 1 DATE R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREPAF I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTEF OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVI -------- -------- ------ --------------- ------ VERT STOP FOR L E S ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A MOCK-UP - PAGE CONT. c H G j--- \, 507 ----- 2 3 AFRM 9 T O ACCESS ARM MHT RM 11-18-64 LOFA 230-300 HSC-FC 03-1 7-65 LOFA 230-300 KSC-DE C / M ACCESS ARM ADPT HOOD TO S / C I N T F REQ 11-04-65 LOFA 100-300 HSC-EC P H Y I N T F R E T R A C T I O N MECH Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 4 COVER 12-1 0 - 6 5 LO-FA 110-300 KSC-EC SATURN V LAUNCH V E H I C L E PROTUBERANCES ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 5 2 02-02-66 LOFC 220-390 MSFC L C 3 9 VAB H I G H BAYS TO L / V 11-1 9 - 6 5 LOFC 220-390 KSC-F LC 39 V A B LOW BAY AREA TO L / V - E S E / G S E ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 6 02-09-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EC: L C 3 9 MSS TO L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CC8D 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 0 02-14-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EC L C - 3 9 PAD AREA L / V E S E / G S E ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 5 12-07-65 LOFC 220-390 KSC-EC S - I C / M L HOLD DOWN ARMS P H Y S I C A L REQMTS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 6 04-05-66 LO-FC 220-390 MSFC - C 65ICD9200 ESE/GSE WIND LOAD A L L E V I A T I O N SYS F A C I L T O L / V A F A C I L I T Y CABLES FOR LAUNCH V E H I C L E E S E . ICD-CCBD 501-66-01243 * .. 09-0 1-66 03-09-66 LOFC 000-040 HSFC LO-EL 220-390 MS FC-L �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 AS -- --- -- 3 S DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV 507 ----- IAOl CONT. P A G E 204 --- SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MU DA YR PI0 DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T l T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------- ------- ------ PREPASTMG INTERFACE AREAS CENTE OR CEI N U M B E R S A C T l V f TY - , ------- ----------I--- IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - 08-14-65 LOEL 02-1 1-66 LO-EL 02-11-66 LO-EL 02-1 1-46 LOEL 220-290 HSFC-ASTR ? - .LOW B A Y ESE TO I N S T R U SYS + REC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 1 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 HSFC i - LOW BAY E S E TO I N S T R SYS AND REC 1CD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 2 02-1 1-66 LO-EL 220-290 HSFC-ASTR S E R V I C I N G REQMTS ECS SAT V L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD SO 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 'IRM-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRM-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 '09-09-65 - L V ESE TO RANGE SEQUENCING LC-39 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 L V E S E / 6 0 AC POWER REQUIREMENTS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 2 4 - - LICD-CCBD V ESE TO I N S T R SYSTEM 501-66-0084 IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD - - 220-370 HSFC-ASTR , 501-66-0122 501-66-0265 MSFC COUNT CLOCK TO KSC T I M I N G LC-39 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 4 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED . L V ESE TO KSC DATA MEASUREMENTS . .. . . ,/ : 4 LOPG 250-390 MSFC-KSC , i ;-L �\ I ) PAGE DATE 2 9 JUL 66 -- )'C H G ; IAOl APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG --- D S --a -- DOCUMENTNUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------------------- --- ........................................ - FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GHE SYS SAT - -------- .=---0--- --------------- ------ 0----- V 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+ FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT V NO IRM-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+ FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GH2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+ FUNCT INTF FLU1 G REQmTS ' L H 2 SYS 'SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRM-CCBD 50 1-66-0372 IRN-CC8D 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 8 06-28-65 LaPG 010-250 KSC-P+ FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L O X SYS SAT V I CD-CCBD 50 1-66-0040 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0040 06-03-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+ FUNCT INTF F L U I D REQMTS R P - 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 IRN-CC.BD 5 0 1-66-004 1 06-15-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+ 05-19-65 LOPG 000-260 -KSC-K- 02-08-66 LO-PG 220-390 MSFC-Ei NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD - PREPAR I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVI SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE DOC REV ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED SYS SAT V FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS VAB ECS SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED P I P C R I T APS PROP S E R V I C I N G SAT V 9. . " �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS DATE 2 9 JUL 66 -- --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR REVISION NOTICE .................... 507 ----- IhOl P A G E 2 0 6 ..-. CONT. DOC REV DOCUMENT TITLE OR C C B D NUMBER --- ...................................... --- ACTUAL SCHED RE1 DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVET" ------. *- - -------- -------- ------ ------------- , , I I 7 ICD-CCBD 501-66-0150 - - - - -. UHB AND SERV CONN PLATE 3-4 S I C AFT ICD-CCBD 501-65-40 I RN-CCBD 50 1-66-0299 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0289 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0378 08-10-65 LO-FA 010-210 KSC-P+VE UMB + SERV CONNS PLATE N O 1-2 S-IC AFT ICD-CCBD 501-65-38 IRN-CC9D 501-66-0298 I RN-CCBD 50 1-66-0286 IRN-CC3D 501-66-0381 08-1 8-65 LO-FA 010-210 KSC-P+VE UMB + SERV CONNS PLATE NO 3-2 S-,IC AFT ICD-CCBD 501-65-39 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0282 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0382 . 08-10-65 LO-FA 010-210 MSFC-P+VE MOTION E N V AFT UMB PLATES l929+3 S-IC ICD-CCBD 50 1-66-0042 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0287 08-10-65 LO-FA 010-220 KSC-P+VE PHY ICD LAU VEH S-IC INTK UMB/LC39 GSE ICD-CCBD 501-65-36 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0290 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0296 I RN-CCBD 501-66-0378 08-09-65 LO-FA 010-390 KSC-P+"-' PHY ICD LAU VEH S-IC F W D UMBfLC39 GSE ICD-CCBD 501-65-37 IPM-CCBD 501-66-0190 08-09-65 LO-FA 010-390 KSC-P+VE (- -. ('- '. * .., <- 7. ,, ('; �IA 0 1 A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G \ , PAGE D A T E 2 9 JUL 66 -- --- -- C H G D DOCUMENT NUMBERS OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER --- - -------------------- --- ....................................... SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO D A YR CODE -------- ---e--- -----9 PREPAR l INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVIl --------------- -------I IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 4 NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D J 65ICD9746 .+ o -S R R R R - 2 3 4 5 - - UMB + S'ERV CONNECTZONS S - 1 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 1 I RN-CCBD 50 1-66-01 1 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 1 I R N - C C B D 501-66-0295 I R N - C C B D 501-66-0383 INTERM 06-28-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-?+\ U M B I L I C A L -6 S E R V CONN S I I L O X D I S C O N N E C T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 4 6 - 0 1 2 7 06-2 1 - 6 5 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+L U M B I L I C A L + S E R V CONN S - X I I C D - C C B D 501-66-0126 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0126 LH2 D I S C 06-21-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+L S-II FORWARD 06-28-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+V U M B I L I C A L 4 S E R V I C E CONN ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 7 NO TSY-CCPn E N T E R F n : t .r , : : ' ;.;--/,,,;:4cj . . : i !. I. 'T i11i;iS 5---IVIJ FGKWARD :, 7 . 7 , :.,,~j,-.!.~,.,-.', i-<~i-;'.i:~:i) : ! t l ~ - ( ~ / ~ - ~ ' ~ ~ ' t , ~ , �PAGE 208 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- D s _ -a- --- -- DUCUMtNT NUMBER, u k I~LVISION NOTICE DOC REV L O C U M ~ N I r I v t t UK C C B D NUMBER --__--- --- -.-----. ..".---.---..-.---.-. __._ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL PI0 DA YR MO DA YR CODE -------- .--".--..-------.-I---.----- t I F i R 1 ~-'ICI.\L + S E % V I C F , CONNECT IOf~IS IU 1l ; ~ ~ - ~ ~512 ~ 1-;,5-->1: [ ; --.'77-r.--.-.- PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTFQ OR C k I N U M B E R S ACT]. :Y - --- -...----------------- -----r----- 06-1 8-65 LO-FA 090-39.0 KSC-P+?E 0].-2H-oh LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+VE 06-21-65 LO-FA . 220-390 KSC-P+VE >-J - 1 k!.!-l;l.&;l; :,i: l-,>l,-t.:; 1'.!1-4:t:?..,! 'let ;--,'!I>-I'';.:./~ pl..'1 ! r:t-. ~ ; K l ' iE i ? i r,')-ccPz 1 RN-CCSD - * , I . ' i, 5 ". --e'.i,-t.I c-!VFj CONS SET L C 3 9 PNEU Lq 50 1-66-0374 PHY I C D S - I V B ICD-CCBD HT EXCH DSV-48-438/SAT 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 V I J 651CD9759 - 1 65IC09761 PHY I C O I U COOLING U N I T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 6 PHY I C D ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD + P I P I N G CRIT IU PNEU CONS + P I P I N G C R I T E R I A 09-1 5 - 6 5 LO-FA 220-390 HSFC-EDV 09-1 5 - 6 5 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-EpU 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+YE 09-1 5 - 6 5 LO-FA 220-390 MSFZ-ECV 501-65-48 5 0 1-66-0292 PHY I C D APS PNEU CONS DSV-48-436/SAT ICD-CCBD 50 1-66-0104 V - P I P I N G C R I T E R I A APS PNEU CONSOLE L C 3 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0314 - -PHY I C D S-IC INERT PREFILL + PIPING CRIT �A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E C O N T R O L DOCUMENT L O G DATE 29 JUL ,-- * --1c , H '\ 66 --- -- ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR NO D A YR CODE SCHED D S - , , , DOCUMENTNUMBERs DR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E ,,,-,.,,,,,,, , , , , , , - DOC REV ,-.,-.,-,.,._-- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER , , , =-----7----= .3--------------- --PIC--.= ------I=-- -.=-----.- PREP CENT INTERFACE ARE4f OR C E I NUMBERS ACYI ._--.-- CI-.-.i-------c=--- L/ ICD-CCBD 4'7 r' J 65ZCD9762 - s I? R PHY I C D S - I 1 V PNEU CONSOLES S 7 - 4 f B i S A T 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 K3C- 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-35'0 KSC- 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC--1 02-11-66 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC. I C D ~ C C B D 501-65-28 I R N - C C B D 501-66-0124 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 1 *, -J 501-65-47 1 2 - - * - PHY I C D S I T PNEU CONSOLE S7-41C/SAT I C D - C C B D 501-65-29 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 4 V P H Y I C D S I I P N E U CONS S 7 - 4 1 A + 4 1 D / S A Y ICD-CCbD 501-65-30 I R N - C C B D 501-66-0130 1RN-CCBD 50 1-66-0300 P H Y I C D HEAT E X C H A N G E R A 7 - 7 1 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IR N - C C B D 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 PIPING CRITERIA S-I1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 5 I R N - C C B D 501-66-0327 V - V PNEU SYS/SATURN V SEE-DWG SEE B A S I C NUMBER FOR R E V I S I O N , T I T L E v E T C , PHYS I C D S - I C HYDRAULIC U N I T L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 3 P H Y 1CD S - I C P N E Y C O N S O L E R K S ' 1-2-3+4 02-10-66 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-i �APOLLO INTERFACE' CON'TROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- D S - AS -- DOCUMZNT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE ------.-------------- DOC REV 507 ----- CONT. DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR HO DA YR CODE PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENT" OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I . , T Y - ---------u--------------------------=>=--- -Y- ICD-CCBD - - 501-65-61 PHY I C D PNEU CONSOLES 5 9 6 ~ 79 8 S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 4 08-09-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE PHY I C D S - I C PNEU CHECKOUT RKS 1 - 2 - 3 9 4 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 6 09-24-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-EDV PNEU CONSOLE SET 02-07-66 LO-FA .220-280 MSFC-P+V 12-09-65 LO-FA 210-390 KSC-EDV 02-07-66 LO-FA 010-390 MSFC-EDV 02-10-65 LO-FA 020-220 MSFC-EDV 02-1 0-66 LO-FA 010-220 MSFC-EDV PIPING CRITERIA S-IC ICD-CCBD 501-66-0046 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 6 A S - I 1 STAGE GSE PLACEMENT ON MBL LAUNCHER ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 9 J 65ICD9773 PAGE 210 - 65ICD9776-001 P I P C R I T S-IC FLUSH ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 7 PHY I C D ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD 4 PURGE U N I T SAT V + P I P E C R I T S I 1 L E A K DETECT SYS 501-66-0155 501-66-0264 501-66-0274 PHY I C D P I P E C R I T S I C FWD UMB SERV U N SV ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 0 SEE-DWG SEE B A S I C NUMBER FOR R E V I S I O N e T I T L E c E T C o - PHY I C D + P I P C R I T HAZ GAS ANALYZER SATV ICD-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0100 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 7 02-04-66 LO-FA 220-000 MSFC-EDV E �I A@\ A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G PAGE DATE 2 9 J u t 66 ' -- --- -- c H \ D DO CUM EN^ N U U B E R s OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E G ___ _ ------ ---------.=---- DOC REV --- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER ICD-CCBD - -2=-)-------------- U-.--_--O--U------------ -------.= - - - = - - - - - - C C C C C -----LO- CeCO-C U-,=CCC V 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC- 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+' 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+' 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-'F+' 02-11-66 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-E :) s- 501-66-0124 5 0 1-66-030 1 - P H Y IC3 SPE PNEU C O N S O L E S 7 - 4 1 C / S A T ECD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 2 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 I R N - C C B D 501-66-0294 - PHY I C D S Z i PNEU CONS S 7 - 4 P A + 4 1 D B S A T ICD-CCZD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 I R N - C C B D 501-66-0300 - PREPAP I N T E R F A C E ARE4S CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS tICTIvI 501-65-47 PHY I C D S - 1 1 PNEU CONSOLES S 7 - 4 1 B / S A T ZCD-CCBD 50 1-65-28 IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE REC DATE PANEL MO D A Y R MO D A YR CODE PHY I C D HEAT EXCHANGER A ? - 7 P P S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 1 I RN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 V V - V - PIPING CRITERIA S-I1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 5 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0327 * SEE B A S I C NUMBER FDR R E V I S I O N 9 T I T L E 9 E T C o PNEU S Y S / S A T U R N V SEE-DWG L . J 65ICD9768 - PHYS I C D S - I C H Y D R A U L I C U N I T L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 3 PHY I C D S - I C PNEU C O N S O L E RKS 1-2-3+4 02-10-66 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-K-I 09-2 5 - 6 5 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-K-I �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G 7 D A T E 2 9 4UL ,-1 ?c : fi L 66 -- ---- -- -1 2 S OOCUMENT NUMEERc 3 R R E V I S I O N Ni3TICE DCC RE'd DOCURENT T I T L E O R G C R D NUMBER SCHED ACTUALREL D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO D A Y R MO D A YE. CODE ---.= A --.r*.a --- -- -, .- -. PKEF INTF OR ' -...-. AREAS LExI 4fu3 r ~ r ; .. . - " i-1333,YJll F.kY L 3 C F C R T TU K A T E h A L C U M C A R T I C E - C C S D 5 0 1-66-0207 L2cc 2 3 0 - 39!1 hC1 01-20-66 LOFC 230-39C: K 5:- 11-01-66 FH 000-1 0:: U5'C. 02-05-66 -,'+++ -? b61CD7009 4 80M90507 - LC39 S / t D O C o POWER S U P P L l E S FLIGHT M E C H A N I C S P A N E L ICD : �APULL(T3 I N T E H F AC"E CONTROL DOCI.JMENT L O G D4Tt 0 S _ - PAGE 2 1 2 2 9 J U L 66 --. -.. . *-- - - DOCUMENT N U M B E R * DR R E V l S I O N N O T I C E -NU.*-.--. - -- DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER .--.*-.-- -PI-->, ' - ...<-. li... ..>-i,-lrilC .. --.U. .-,I-, .C . ...:.---.---.-_F_C . . ir.2.:. .... .-.- .----- i . SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO D A Y R HO DA. YR CODE . .. = . .. . . . PREPARING , I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T E R OR CEE NUMBERS A C T Z V I T Y . . . - J . , .. --- . . L A U V E H P S P A C E C R A F ? PROCEDURAL REQ ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 7 7 I RM-CCBD S O L - - 4 6 - - 0 1 9 8 LAU V E H / S P k C E C R A F % F U N C T I O N A L I C D - C C B D 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 5 REQ B ENVEL.OPE LEMBS-XVBB It! C L E A R A N C E P H Y S I C A L I C D - C C B D 501-66-0099 - I N S T R U M E N T U N I T T O S P A C E C R A F T PHYS REQ NO I R N - C C E O E N T E R E D IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 8 ZRN-CCBD 5 3 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 1 4 - - S P A C E C R A F T T O Q-BALL I C D - C C B D 501-66-0242 IRN-CCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 P H Y S REQ B SATURNIAPOLLO FREQ PLAN ICD-CCBD - 05-1.0-66 IC 000-100 MSFC 08-06-65 C-S 000-100 MSFC 03-18-65 E I 300-230 MSC 08-12-65 E I 300-100 MSC 501-66-0256 EM1 C O M P A T I B l h I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 4 ! 0 D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR S A T U R N V ONBOARD EDS ICD-CCBD A 16331-63A107350 A 16331-63A107393 - 5 0 1-66-0078 E L E C I C D ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 k SOFTWARE I C D - A C E COMP I N T F S/C-L/V COHP I N T E R F A C E .. �j A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E CONf ROL DOCUMENT L O G D A T E 2 9 JUL PAGt 66 -- --- -- ) )C H G )-" " D O C U M E N T NUMSERs OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV A 40M05486 - - - -, ACTUAL SCHED RED D A T E R E i D A T E P A N E L MO D A YR MO D A YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER PREPAR I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T E R OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVI -------- -------- ------ --------------- ------ ' '-'""--"'" " ' ' "-"-'---""---"-------------------'"-"-- ICD-CCBD j IAOI 501-66-0083 t V ESE/PROPELLANT SYSTEMS ICD-CCBD 501-66-0034 L V E S E TO L A U N C H E Q U I P M E N T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 9 MSFC-A S P A C E C R A F T GSE TO L A U V E H GSE EI HSFC-A I N S T U N I T T O S P A C E C R A F T E L E C REQ EI MSFC-A Cs MSFC-A E D S CHECKOUT S C H E H A T I C S EI MSFC I C D S A T U R N I B / V CONTROL R A T E GYRO PKG M-NF MSFC-P 01-28-65 LOFC KSC-F L C 3 9 DATA TRANS S Y S ( W I D E BAND) NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D 02-02-65 LOFC KSC-F 02-06-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 -K S C 03-23-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 0 3 - 1 5-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-EC D E S OF SA.TURN S A - 5 0 8 + A P O L L O S C EDS L C 3 9 S I T E P L A N + GENL ARRANGE-SIC NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D A 65ICD7002 - L C 3 9 OPNL INTERCOM SYS-S/C 65ICD7003 - L C 3 9 FAC I N S T CABLING-LOC/ROUTING A 65 I C D 7 0 0 4 - L C 3 9 O P N L T V SYS-FAC-S/C E 65ICD7006 A L C 3 9 SAT V TRANSP 9OUTES -S/C GSE ESE/GSE ESE/GSE ' S/C �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 214r' DATk 2 9 JUL -- --- 66 --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ------------------- --- ........................................ 65 ICD7010 A . L C 3 9 SAT V VEH STAGE 4 S/C MISALIGNMENT SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE 08-13-65 LOFC 04-2 8-65 LOFC ... PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I ' ! - 100-390 KSC-EDV-2 230-390 KSC-F -. ' - A L C 3 9 CSM + LEM TO F A C I L I T Y CABLES NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRh-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCOD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 65ICD7052 - S/C GSE TO HAZARD PROOF MON S Y S T v L C - 3 9 A L C 3 9 VAB H I G H BAY AREA TO S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - . - .--\ ..i 1 - \ FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 V A B SIC-GSE 03-19-65 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-DT \- 1 �1 APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG I PAGE D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- I SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE C H O G - ,--I DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE A 65ICD7167 1 ; A 65ICD7300 R R R DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ - FUNCT I N T F RQMTS ECS L C 3 9 / V A B LEM - 2 4 6 L C 3 9 LCC F A C I L I T Y S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED -------- -------- ------ ---------------SC GSE ESE/GSE F 65ICD7468 - LC39 PIPING NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IR.N-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD LC39/MSS C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED F L D SYS P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC L E H FLD' SYS L C 3 9 PAD A NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED ENTEREQ 05-03-65 LOPG 03-05-65 A L C 3 9 MAT-ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD- E;.ITERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - PREPAF I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTEF OR C E I NUMBERS . A C T I V I me----- 230-390 KSC-K- 230-390 KSC-i 01-25-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 09-03-65 LOPG 100-200 KSC 12-02-65 LOPG 140-390 01-12-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-El * KSC-F �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LO^ D A T E 29 j U L 66 PAGE 2 1 6 -- --- -- D S DOCUMFNT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E --- DOC REV - - SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA Y R M O D A YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 PAD A S/C-GSE NO IRM-CCBD ENTERED 03-19-65 FUNCT I N T F , R E Q M T S GHE L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-390 KSC-EDV FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-DT L C 3 9 A S / C GSE FUNC I N T F REQvGOX 02-09-66 LOPG 230-390 KSC-EOV 02-10-66 L/-FC 230-300 KSC 03-19-65 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-DT 11-05-64 LO-FC 230-390 HSC-NAA 230-390 KSC-EDV LC-39 PAD B S/C FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 PAD B S/C-GSE B L C 3 9 L U T GSE SYSTEMS AFRM C O N F l G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CC8D ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR CEI NUMBERS A C B I V ~ T Y L C 3 9 A ML P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED F L SYS LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-DT ., .. .4 - ,- �1 APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl DATE 29 J U L 66 \ -- --- -- jc H G )--- DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC -REV SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL NO DA YR HO DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------- -------- - ------------------- -"- ........................................ R NO IRN-CCBD 5 - - 11-1 7 - 6 4 LOFA 230-390 KSC-DE L C 3 9 PHY I N T F C GOX COND PNL L E A K TS U N I T NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 07-22-65 COFA 230-390 KSC-EC ACCESS A R M NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD 09-22-65 LOFA 230-390 KSC-EC 9 N I T SYS SERV MODULE C A B L E REQHTS ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED LEM U M B I L I C A L AND T E S T CABLES FOR L C 39 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED .* LC/34/37/39 T I M I N G + COUNTDOHN D I S T 09-22-64 LO-FC 230-340 A,C, + CONN 11-29-65 LOFC 230-347 KSC-ED 05-03-65 LOPG 230-300 KSC-K- SM SWG ARM UM8 D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 ENTERED ENTERED 230-340 MSC-FO SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 - 1 7 2 ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED 230-340 KSC-ED CMD MOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G 230-340 KSC-D POWER RECo FUNCT I N T F REQMTS ECS MC LEM S / C GSE LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD 8 L C 3 7 / 3 9 LEM NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD - -------- ---I--------- ENTERED ~~39-LUG T S E CABLES-GAS A S/C - --a=-- PREPAF I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTEF OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV: LC34/37/39 . �APOLLO 1NTERFAC.E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 JUL 66 PAGE 21: -- --- -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBER^ OR RE?!ISION NOTICE -- DOC REV - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER VERT STOP FOR L E S ACCESS ARM NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CC8D ENTERED A MOCK-UP J 651CD8311 - E 651CD9020 E 65ICD9041 .- - - SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L . D A T E PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE 23' AFRM 9 T O ACCESS ARM WHT RM PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENT'? OR C E I NUMBERS ACT, ,TY - 11-18-64 LOFA 230-300 MSC-FO 03-1 7 - 6 5 LOFA 230-300 KSC-DE C/M ACCESS ARM ADPT HOOD TO S / C I N T F REQ 11-04-65 LOFA 100-300 MSC-EDV PHY I N T F R E T R A C T I O N MECH Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 4 COVER 3.2-10-65 LO-FA 110-300 KSC-EDV SATURN V LAUNCH V E H I C L E PROTUBERANCES ICD-CCBD 5 0 1-65-52 02-02-66 LOFC 220-390 PfS FC L C 3 9 V A B H I G H BAYS T O L / V 11-19-65 LOFC 220-390 KSC-F" L C 39 V A 8 LOW BAY AREA TO L/V-ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0086 02-09-66 LO-FC , 220-390 KSC-EDY-2 L C 3 9 HSS TO L / V E S E I G S E ICD-CCBD 501-66-0110 02-14-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EDV-2 L C - 3 9 PAD AREA L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 5 12-07-65 LOFC 220-390 XSC-" S - I C / M L HOLD DOWN ARMS P H Y S I C A L REQMTS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 6 04-05-66 LO-FC 220-390 HS FC LOFC 000-040 - MSFC LO-EL 220-390 MSFC-ASTR ESE/.GSE WIND LOAD A L L E V I A T I O N S Y S F A C I L TO L / V A F A C I L I T Y CABLES FOR LAUNCH V E H I C L E ESE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 09-01-66 03-09-66 "1-2 . �J APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G 3 - 3c H I IA 0 1 DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 -- --- -- D DOCUMENT NUMBERo i3R R E V I S I O N N O T I C E G I--- .................... DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- --------------------------------------- SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE -------- ------_------- PREPA I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTE OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV -----------OD- ----- IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A 65ICO920f -\ - d l R 1 - L V E S P T O RANGE SEQUENCING L C - 3 9 08-14-65 LOEL 220-390 MS FC- 02-1 1-66 LO-EL 220-370 MSFC-I L V ESE TO I N S T R SYSTEM ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 6 5 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC-I MSFC COUNT CLOCK TO KSC T I M I N G L C - 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 4 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 08-14-65 LOEL 200-390 MSFC-I L V ESE TO KSC DATA MEASUREMENTS 02-1 1-66 LOEL 220-290 MS FC-4 LOW B A Y ESE TO I N S T R U SYS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 1 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC 02-1 1-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC-4 09-09-65 LOPG 250-390 ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD 501-65-83 50 1-65-83 L V ESE/60 AC POWER REQUIREMENTS 501-66-0174 501-66-0324 ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD . A 651CD9400 - R -. R 1 2 - REC LOW B A Y ESE TO I N S T R SYS AND REC ICD-CCBD -j 4 501-66-0082 S E R V I C I N G REQMTS ECS SAT V L C 3 9 I CD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 MSFC-I I �APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 JUL 66 AS -- --- -- U _ S DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV 508 ----- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ ------I------------- - - - - J 651609540 - IAOl CONT. SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CEN. . 08 C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY - -------- ------- ------ --------------- ---PO---- FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQHTS GHE SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTEREO NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT l N T F F L U I D REQMTS GH2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 8 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS LOX SYS SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 06-03-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS RP-1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 06-15-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE - , FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS VAB ECS SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED P I P C R I T APS PROP S E R V I C I N G SAT V KSC-P+VE -.. ,,. - 7 - .. , SYS SAT V . ,. .3*%. . * . 0::-19-65 LOP6 000-260 KSC-K-DT 02-08-66 LO-PG 220-390 HSFC-EDV . �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 2 9 JUL 1401 PAGE 66 -- --- -ACTUAL SCHED R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE C H G --- D DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E ------------------I- DOC REV -0- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ....................................... ICD-CCBD - J 65ICD9740 Q 3 t R R R 1 a 2 3 - - - ----------------- -----I PREPAR I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVZ --------------- ------ 501-66-0150 UMB AND SERV CONN P L A T E 3-4 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 8 S I C AFT 08-1 0-65 LO-FA 010-210 KSC-P+ UMB + SERV CONNS P L A T E NO 1 - 2 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 1 S-IC AFT 08-18-65 LO-FA 010-210 KSC-P+' UMB + SERV CONNS P L A T E NO 3 - 2 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 2 S-IC AFT 08-10-65 LO-FA 010-210 MSFC-P M O T I O N ENV AFT UMB P L A T E S 1 * 2 9 + 3 S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 08-10-65 LO-FA 010-210 KSC-P+' PHY I C D L A U VEH S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 6 IRN-CCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 6 I'RN-CCBD 501-66-0378 I N T K UMB/LC39 08-09-65 LO-FA 010-390 KSC-P+' PHY I C D LAU VEH S - I C ICD-CCSD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 7 IRN-CC8D 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 0 FWD U M B / L C 3 9 GSE GSE - . 08-09-65 LO-FA 010-390 KSC-P+\ �* A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E .CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- - -- -- D S - DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE -----------s---O--_- 508 .---""-- DOC REV ___ CON?, PAGE 2 2 2 --- . DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER ....................................... SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E C DATE PANEL NO DA Y R MO DA Y R CODE ------- ------- -us--- IRM-CCBD 501-66-0384 NO IRN-CCBD E N T E R E D - UWB 4 S E R V CONNECT I O N S S - I 1 ICD-CCBD 501-66-0111 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0111 I RM-CCSD 501-66-029 1 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0295 I RN-CCBD 501-66-0383 - - 06-28-65 LO-FA U M B I L I C A L + S E R V CONN S I I LOX D I S C O N N E C T ICD-CCBD 501-66-0127 I RN-CCBD 501-66-0127 06-22-65 LO-FA U M B I L I C A L + S E R V COMN S - I 1 ICD-CCBD 501-66-0126 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0126 06-21-65 LO-FA 06-28-65 LO-FA 06-21-65 LO-FA 06-18-65 LO-FA * LHZ.DISC U M B I L I C A L + S E R V I C E CONN S-I1 ICD-CCBD 501-66-0125 I RN-CCBD 501-66-0125 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0297 NO IRN-CCBD E N T E R E D UMB FORWARD + SERV CONNECTIONS S - I V B AFT ICD-CCBD I RN-CCBD IRN-CCBD - INTERM 50 1-66-0178 50 1-66-028 1 501-66-0288 U M B + S E R V I C E C ~ N N E C T I O N S S-IVS ICD-CCBD 501-66-0177 IRM-CCSD 501-66-0283 FORWARD ' P R E P A R IPlG I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E % NUMBERS ACTI';. -.Y -------------- ---- >-- �A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT DOG D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 3 -- --- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER, OK R E V I S I O N N O T I C E SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E 1 DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO D A YR CODE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER ----____----------- ........................................ ----_-----.-.----------- --------------- -0- U M B I L I C A L + S E R V I C E CONNECTIONS I U ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 5 IRN-CGBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 - J 65ICD9760 R , 1 J 651CD9761 - - LO-FA 090-390 K SC-P, 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-K- PHY I C D S - I V B P N E U CONS O S V - 4 8 - 4 3 3 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 5 V 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-Pi PNEU CONS S E T L C 3 9 01-28-66 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-Pi 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+ PHY I C D I U C O O L I N G U N I T + P I P I N G C R I T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 6 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-I PHY I C D I U P N E U CONS PIPING CRITERIA 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-I V 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 -K S C - P i 02-1 0-66 LOFA 220-390 MSFC-E 09-1 5-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-E PHY I C D S - I V B H T EXCH D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 8 / S A T I C D - C C B D 501-66-0106 ICD-CCBD t 0 6 - 1 8-65 V IRN-CCBD - c---- PHY I C D S - I V B PNEU CONS D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 2 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 7 PIPING CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - C 3 7 4 - PREPA I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T E OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV 9 V 501-65-48 5 0 1-66-0292 PHY I C D APS P N E U CONS D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 6 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 P I P I N G C R I T E R I A APS P N E U CONSOLE L C 3 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 4 PHY ICD S - I C INERT PREFILL + P I P I N G CRIT �APOLLO INTERFAC.E DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 AS -- --- -- D __ S DOCUYENT NUMBER? OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE CONTROL DOCUMENT DOC REV 508 CON?. ----- -------------------- --- ........................................ 6 5 1CD9766-003 + - PHY I C D ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD PAGE 2 2 -- SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L . DATE P A N E L PI0 D A Y R MO 0 8 YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD LOG -------- ----em- ------ PREPARING - I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACT* '1TY 501-65-47 S-II PNEU CONSOLES S 7 - 4 1 B / S A T V 06-25-65 LO-FA 06-25-65 LO-FA 06-25-65 LO-FA 501-65-28 501-66-0124 5 0 1-66-0301 PHY I C D S I I PNEU CONSOLE S 7 - 4 l C / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 2 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 4 PHY I C D S I I PNEU CONS S 7 - 4 L A + 4 1 O / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0300 PHY I C D HEAT EXCHANGER A 7 - 7 1 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 PIPING CRITERIA S-I1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 5 IRN-CCSD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 2 7 V V V PNEU SYS/SATURM V KSC-P+VE - -4.. 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-+;YE 0 2 - 1 1-66 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-EDV SEE-DWG SEE B A S I C NUMBER FOR R E V I S I O N I T I T L E VE f C . PHYS I C D S - I C H Y D R A U L I C U N I T L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 3 220-390 02-10-66 LO-FA 220-390 KS C~K-0'1. . .. J 65ICD9768 .- PHY I C D S - I C PNEU CONSOLE RKS 1 - 2 - 3 + 4 09-1 5 - 6 5 LO-FA 220-390 . . KSC-K-DT . - �A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G PAGl D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- IC H D G $ COCUMENT NUMBER7 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER ....................................... ICD-CCBD - 65ICD9776-001 ', J 651CD9779 -.* *, R 3 PREPAI I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T E I OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV 501-65-61 PHY I C D P N E U CONSOLES 5 9 6 9 7 + 8 S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 4 08-09-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-Pi P H Y I C D S - I C P N E U CHECKOUT RKS 1-2-344 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 6 09-24-65 LO-FA 220-390 HSFC-E PIPING CRITERIA S-IC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 6 02-07-66 LO-FA 220-280 MSFC-F P N E U CONSOLE S E T A 5 - 1 I STAGE GSE P L A C E M E N T ON M B L LAUNCHER ICD-CC~D 501-66-0129 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 9 12-09-65 LO-FA - P I P C R I T S - I C F L U S H + PURGE U N I T S A T V I C D - C C B D 5 0 1-66-0047 02-07-66 LO-FA 010-390 MSFC-E 02-10-65 LO-FA 020-220 MSFC-f 02-10-66 LO-FA SEE-DWG - 220-000 MSFC-E - -. SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO D A YR CODE PHY I C D ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD + PIPE C R I T S I X L E A K DETECT SYS 50 1-66-0155 501-66-0264 501-66-0274 - P H Y I C D P I P E C R I T S I C FWD U M 8 S E R V U N SV ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 0 * SEE B A S I C NUMBER F O R R E V I S I O N p T I T L E I E T C a - PHY I C D ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD + P I P C R I T HAZ GAS ANALYZER S A T V 501-66-0100 5 0 1-66-0377 4 02-04-66 LO-FA �v APOLLO INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G IAOl PAGE 22t D A T E 29 JUL 66 -- --- -- D S __ DOCUSVENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE --. DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER __--_--------------- ....................................... -s- R IRN-CCBD 4 SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L ' D A T E PANEL MO DA YR MO DA Y R CODE -------- ----s-- PREPARf NG INTERFACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T " " T Y --- ------ --------------- -- 501-66-0315 %- - L C 3 9 S/C D.C. - F L I G H T MECHANICS PANEL I C D LC-39 ' r LO-FA 220-390 KSC-EDV 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC - 01-20-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC-EDY-2 09-09-99 FH 000-100 HSFC-AERO HAZARD PROOF1 NG-S/C POWER S U P P L I E S ' 03-02-66 A L C 3 9 M L PHY LOC PORT I U WATER ACCUM CART ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 0 7 . �IAOl APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 1 ) ) PAGE DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- C H t3 G S --- DOCUMENT NUMBER? OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -----------_------- --- ........................................ ) I ' + A 13M07083 D 13M50123 PREPAR I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E Y T E R OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVI -------- -------- ------ ------------ ---c-- L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT PROCEDURAL REQ ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 7 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 9 8 10-07-65 MI 000-1 0 0 HS FC- P L A U VEH/SPACECRAFT F U N C T I O N A L REQ ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 3 5 12-14-65 MI 000-100 MS FC- P 07-07-65 MI 000-100 MS FC-P 05-03-65 MP 000-100 NSFC-P B SATURN/APOLLO FREQ P L A N ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 5 6 05-10-66 IC 000-100 MSFC - 08-17-65 IC 000-100 MSFC-I 08-06-65 C-S 000-100 PlSFC 03-18-65 EI 300-230 -HSC 08-12-65 EX 300-100 MSC - B ENVELOPE L E M I S - I V B / I U ICD-CCBD - CLEARANCE P H Y S I C A L 501-66-0099 INSTRUMENT U N I T TO SPACECRAFT PHYS REQ NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 1 4 SPACECRAFT TO Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 PHYS REQ EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 2 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 4 8 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR S A T U R N ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 7 8 A 16331-63A107350 SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE - E L E C I C D ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 v ONBOARD EDS COMP I N T F �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT DATE 29 J U L 66 -- O S -.-- AS -- DOCUMENT NUMBER9 OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E - ------------------- DOC REV -u- A 40M05488 R - 2.4 40M05532 - -------- ---Pa--- .ISc-=ES---. PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER ACTIV'TY OR C E I NUMBERS - ----- --=------Q-------- .--- L V ESE/PRO,PELLANT SYSTEMS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 4 220-210 HSFC-ASTR L V E S E TO LAUNCH EQUIPMENT ICD-CCBD 501-65-86 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 9 220-210 HSFC-ASTR SPACECRAFT GSE TO LAUNCH V E H I C L E GSE 04-01-67 EI 220-230 WSFC-ASTR I M S T U N I T T O SPACECRAFT E L E C REQ 03-01-67 €1 000-100 HSFC-ASTR 09-04-67 CS 000-100 WS FC-AST C - I C D SATURN XB/V + APOLLO SC EDS -.. CONTROL R A T E GYRO PKG L C 3 9 S I T E P L A N + GENL ARRANGE-S/C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - LNOC 3 IRN-CCBD 9 D A T A TRANS S Y S f W I D E ENTERED - --- 501-66-0083 DES OF SATURN S A - 5 0 9 - PAGE 2 2 8 SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL HO DA YR MO D A YR CODE .~-m-u--oocxlo-o--D----.DO-.DD----le-Po--o-rrscr - IAOl CONT- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER ICD-CCBD .a 509 --.--- LO^ L C 3 9 OPNL I N T E R C O H SYS-S/C GSE BAND) ESE/GSE L C 3 9 FAC I N S T C A B L I N G - L O C / R O U T I N G S/C 230-390 KSC-F 01-28-65 LOFC 02-02-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 02-06-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-T 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC t . . .. - 02-23-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F A L C 3 9 SAT V TRANSP ROUTES - S I C 03-1 5-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-EDV-2 A L C 3 9 SAT V VEH STAGE + S / C M I S A L I G N M E N T 08-13-65 LOFC 100-390 KSC-EDV-2 L C 3 9 OPNL T V SYS-FAC-SIC ESE/GSE R �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG -\ _ , DATE 2 9 J U L 66 AS I' c'/' H G D DOCUMENT NUMBER9 5% R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV 509 PAGE CONTo DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - - A L C 3 9 CSM o L E M T O F A C I L I T Y CABLES NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED -. A 65 ICD7052 - S/C GSE TO HAZARD PROOF MON S Y S T p L C - 3 9 A L C 3 9 VAB H I G H B A Y AREA T O S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - - PREPAP I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVl SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E REE DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 V A 8 S/C-GSE - - - - - - - --- - - 08--24-65 LOEL 230-390 KSC-VC 02-08-66 LOEL 230-390 KSC-L\ 04-28-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 03-19-65 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K. 05-03-65 LOPG 230-390 KSC-K. ' , FUNCT I N T F RQMTS E ~ LS C 3 9 / V A B LEM SC GSE �IAOI APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G P A G E 230 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 --- --- .. D _S DOCUMENTNUMBERv OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E - --,---- A 65fCD7300 . R 2 R 4 R 6 --- .".- *,w-O DOC REV __U - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER P-Q-OOO---O-P-QP_0-0C -0-.=---T-- , . . . I E.C.L..*C.-VUOO~O L C 3 9 LCC F A C I L I T Y SEC ESECGSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A L C 3 9 MAT-ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-GCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - F 65ICD7468 A 65ICD7566 - LC39 P I P I N G NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD LC39/MSS C R I T + XNTF LOC S I C F L D SYS ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED P I P CRIT L C 3 9 PAD A NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD 9 I N T F LOC LEM F L D S Y S SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E h D A T E PANEL HO DA YR MO D A YR CODE UC)QC.L,CIOL. LI-EIDC,li.e.i,C. L - . - . l - . - S . - . 0 3 - - 0 5-365 PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTF" OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I \ . Y - . -OCC.-O--_)-)L3-.=-- L i . . ? , - 230-390 KSC-F 230-330 KSC-F 01-25-65 LOFC 09-03-65 LOPG 12-02-65 LOPG 140-390 KSC-EDV C A-12-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 03-19-65 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-DT ENTERED ENTERED FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 PAD A S/C-GSE �IA O . APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 J U L 66 r' -- --- -- i/ <I 3C D S DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - -------------------- --- --------------------------------------- .. J * C 65ICD7568 ------ --------------- REQMTS GHE L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05.-02-66 LOPG 100-390 KSC-E FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K- 02-09-66 LOPG 230-390 KSC-El 4 02-10-66 L/-FC 230-300 KSC 03-19-65 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K- 11-05-64 LO-FC 230-390 HSC-NI FUNCT INTF ----I ENTERED I C 65ICD7569 3 -------- PREPC I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTE OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV -...----- NO IRN-CCBD - SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR NO DA YR CODE 65 ICD7600 - L C 3 9 A S/C LC-39 G S E FUNC I N T F REQVGOX PAD B S / C FUNCT XNTF REQS ECS L C 3 9 PAD B S/C-GSE B L C 3 9 L U T GSE SYSTEMS AFRM C O N F I G NO fRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRA-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - L C 3 9 A VHL P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED F L SYS �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL. DOCUMENT LO^ PAGE 2 3 2 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -.-. --..... --- -- D S _ DOCUMEYTNUMBERp OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE -..--- -.T*IC .-,_-.------- J 65XCDZ788 DOC REV ---C D Y C O - - C - . - . E L - J 65ICD7790 R 1A R 2 R 3 R 4 - A 65ICD8001 E 65ICD8032 A 651CD8200 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - I I C C . L I r - - C -. . . .- C-C ->. . ->. C &.._I-. .- <-- C.C.CS.ci.2 -.:..=I-_li.<ii.a. . --a F > . . = . . . . . L . . D PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I N U M B E R S ACTIVJTY - ...OY;.-riOUCE-F,--- OYI;I.=,". - -- L C 3 9 - - L U F GSE CABLES--GAS N T V S Y S 93-22-65 LOFA 230-390 KSC-EOV LEM UMBILICAL AND TEST CABLES FOR L C 39 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 08-20-65 LOFA 230-390 KSC-EDV LC/34/37/39 09-22-64 LO-FC 230-340 11-29-65 LOFC 05-03-65 LOPG 230-347 , 230-30(f 10-01-64 LOFA 230-340 HSC-@~-HJ 5 L C 3 9 P K Y ENTFC GOX CUND PNL L E A K NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED TS U N F T ACCESS ARM + SERV MODULE CABLE REPMT5 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBU ENTERED NO IRN--CCBD ENTERED A S/C - C=.. SCHED ACTUAL REC D A T E R E L D A T E PANEL MO DA V R MO D A VR CODE A-C, T I M I N G + COUNTDOWN D L S f POWER RECo 4 CONN FUNCT I N T F REQMTS ECS MC LEM S I C GSE LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD B L C 3 7 / 3 9 LEM NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD J 65ICD8302 - J 65 1CD8303 --VERT LC34/37/39 SM SWG ARM UMB DlSC A 1 4 0 L 9 ENTERED ENTERED KSC-EDV-2 - , KSC-K-DT SHG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 - 1 7 2 ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED CMD MOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G STOP FOR L E S ACCESS ARM .11-17-64 LOFA 230-340 KSC-D 12-18-64 LOFA 230-300 XSC-FO - - �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 J U L 6 6 -- --- -- y c H 7G D S DOCUMENT NUMBER, O R R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD A MOCK-UP - - ENTERED ENTERED SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR M O DA YR CODE * 2 3 AFRM 9 TO ACCESS ARM WHT RM PREP I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENT OR C E I NlJMBERS ACTI' . 03-1 7-65 LOFA 230-30C: KSC-C I N T F REQ 11-04-65 LOFA 100-3.39 MSC-E COVER' 12-10-65 LO-FA 110-330 KSC-E SATURN V LAUNCH V E H I C L E PROTUBERANCES ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 5 2 02-02-66 LOFC 220-390 MS FC L C 3 9 VAB H I G H BAYS TO L / V 11-19-65 LOFC 220-390 K S C-F C/M ACCESS ARM ADPT HOOD TO S / C PHY I N T F R E T R A C T I O N MECH Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 4 ESE/GSE - LC 39 VAB LOW BAY AREA TO L / V - E S E / G S E ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 6 02-09-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-E - L C 3 9 MSS TO L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 0 02-14-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-E - L C - 3 9 PAD AREA L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 5 12-07-65 LOFC 220-390 KSC-E - S - I C / M L HOLD DOWN ARMS P H Y S I C A L R E Q M T S ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 6 04-05-66 LO-FC 220-390 MSFC LOFC 000-040 - MSFC LO-EL 220-390 MS FC- - WIND LOAD A L L E V I A T I O N S Y S F A C I L TO L / V A F A C I L I T Y CABLES FOR LAUNCH V E H I C L E E S E ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 . 03-09-66 �A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G P A G E ;'3& DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- D -...- DOCUMEVT N U M B E R * OK R E V I S I O N N O T I C E _ ____________ S -- --- DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER ---- --- ....................................... NO I R N - C C B D - - - -------- ------- ------ PREPAR I'iG I N T E R F A C E A R E A S CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V ! T V - I - -- ----I ENTERED L V E S E T O RANGE S E Q U E N C I N G L C - 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 L V E S E f 6 0 AC POWER R E Q U I R E M E N T S ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 2 4 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-370 MSFC-ASTY L V E S E TO I N S T R S Y S T E M ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 6 5 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 MSFC-ASTR MSFC COUNT CLOCK T O K S C T I M I N G CC-39 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 4 NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D 08-14-65 LOEL 200-390 MSFC-ASTR L V E S E TO K S C D A T A MEASUREMENTS 02-11-66 LOEL 220-290 MSFC-ASTR LOW B A Y ESE TO I N S T R U S Y S + R E C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 1 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 PSFC LOW B A Y ESE TO I N S T R S Y S AND REC 0 2 - 1 1-66 LO-EL 220-290 KSFC- S E R V I C I N G REQMTS ECS S A T V L C 3 9 ICD-CCRD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IKN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 09-09-65 LOPG 250-390 MSFC-KSC .. F U N C T I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GHE S Y S S A T V 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE ICD-CCBD - SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE I TR 5 0 1-66-0082 �1 , I . DATE 2 9 Jut APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 66 -- --- -- C H G DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E --- -5 .................... I R R R j A 65ICD9402 R R 1 R DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD I 2 3 - 1 2 3 - - SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E t DATE PANEL MD DA YR MO DA YR CODE -------- -------- ------ PREPAR 1 INTER'ACE AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVIl ------- ------.--------- ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+\ FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GHZ SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-?+\ FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS LH2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 8 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+\ FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS LOX SYS SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 06-03-65 LOPG 010-250 FUNCT XNTF F L U I D REQMTS R P - 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 06-1 5 - 6 5 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+\ FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS V A B ECS SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 05-1 9-65 LOPG 000-260 KSC-K-I P I P C R I T APS PROP S e R V I C I N G SAT V ICD-CCHD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 5 0 02-08-66 LO-PG 220-390 MSFC-EI SYS SAT V ,- KSC-P+\ �A P O L L O I N T E H F A C F CflNTRO!. AS D A T t 2 9 JUL 66 -- --- -- 3 5 OOCUMENTNUMBEK~ 3 2 R t V I S T U N NOTICE J 65ICC%j740 s 9 1 7 P 3 DOC REV - - - - - 509 ----- CQNT. SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL M O D A YR MO D A YR CODE PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENT" OR C f I NUMBERS A C T I , TY -------- -------- ------ --------------- ---------- D O C U P E N T T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER UMB AND S E R V C U N N P L A T E 3-4 ICD-CCHD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 0 IKN-CCRD 5 6 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 9 IRN-CCDD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 8 DOCUMENT L O G S I C AFT 08-10-65 LO-FA 010-210 KSC-P+VE UMB + S E R V CONNS P L A T E NO 1-2 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 1 S-IC AFT 08-18-65 LO-FA 010-210 KSC-P+VE UMB + S E R V C O N N S P L A T E NO 3-2 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 9 IRN-CCBD 50 1-66-0282 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 2 S-IC AFT 08-10-65 LO-FA 010-210 MSFC-P+V E , M O T I O N ENV A F T UMB P L A T E S 1 p 2 9 + 3 S - I C ICD-CCBD 50 1-66-0042 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 08-1 0-65 LO-FA 010-210 KSC-P+VE P H Y TCD L A U VEH S - I C ICD-CCHO 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 6 IRN-CCHD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 0 IKN-CCGD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 6 IR N - C C B D 501-66-0378 INTK UMB/LC39 08-09-65 LO-FA 010-390 KSC-P+VE ICD L A U V E H S - I C ICD-CCRD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 7 I K N - C C P D 501-66-0190 IRN-CCEG 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 4 NO I R N - C C h D E R T E R E D FWD U M R / L c 3 9 08-09-65 LO-FA 010-390 KSC-~+V~? PHY GSE GSE �1 APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONT R o t DOCUMENT LOG IAOl PAGE DATE 29 J U L 6 6 j -- --- -- )C H O G - )--- DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E --------------me---- DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ - UMB + SERV CONNECTIONS S - 1 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 1 I RN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 3 INTERM SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREPAR I N T S F Z A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVI -------- -------- ------ --------------- -----06-28-65 LO-F A G23-390 KSC-P+ - U M B I L I C A L + SERV CONN S I I LOX DISCONNEC'T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 06-2 1 - 6 5 LO-F A 02'3-390 KSC-P+ - U M B I L I C A L + SERV CONN S - I 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 6 06-21-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+ - U M B I L I C A L + S E R V I C E CONN S - I 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 7 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+ 06-1 8 - 6 5 LO-FA 040-390 KSC-P+ - - LH2 DISC UMB + S E R V CONNECTIONS S - I V B ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 8 FORWARD AFT UMB + S E R V I C E CONNECTIONS S - I V B ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 FORWARD U M B I L I C A L + S E R V I C E CONNECTIONS XU ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 5 * 06-18-65 LO-FA 090-390 KSC-P+ �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG AS DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- O S DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DDC REV 509 - --- SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REC DATE PANEL MO DA YR M O DA YR CODE PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T F OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIL- .Y -------- -------- ------ --------------- ---------- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - --------------------- --- ........................................ IRN-CCBD IRN-CCRD PAGE 2 3 8 CONT. ----- 5 0 1-66-0285 501-66-0284 PHY I C D S - I V B PNEU CONS DSV-4B-432/SAT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 7 V 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 K S C-K- DT PHY I C D S - I V B PNEU CONS D S V - 4 0 - 4 3 3 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 5 V 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE PNEU CONS SET L C 3 9 01-28-66 LO-FA 0 2 0-390 KSC-P+VE 06-22-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE PHY I C D I U C O O L I N G U N I T + P I P I N G C R I T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 6 09-15-65 LO-FA '220-390 MSFC-EDV PHY I C D I U PNEU CONS + P I P I N G C R I T E R I A ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 2 09-1 5-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-EDV - PHY I C D APS PNEU CONS D S V - 4 B - 4 3 6 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 4 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE - P I P I N G C R I T E R I A APS PNEU CONSOLE L C 3 9 IRN-CCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 4 02-1 0-66 COFA 220-390 FS FC-E DV --PHY I C D S-IC INERT P R E F I L L + P I P I N G C U I T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 7 09-1 5-65 LO-FA 220-390 HSFC-EDV - P I P I N G CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 4 PHY I C D S - I V B H T EXCH D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 $ / S A T ICD-CCBD 501-66-0106 V V �IAOl APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 1 DATE 2 9 J U L 6 6 AS 509 ACTUAL SCHED R E L D A T E R E t DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE C . DOCUMENT NUMBER, H 7 G , OR R E V I S I O N NOTICE - J 65ICD9762 * R R 1 2 J 651CD9763 R * R DOC REV a - 2 3 65 I C D 9 7 6 6 - 0 0 3 * J 65ICD9767 - J 65ICD9768 - 3 65KD9769 - t DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------- -------- ------ PHY I C D S - I I ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD PNEU CONSOLES S 7 - 4 1 B I S A T 501-65-28 501-66-0124 5 0 1-66-030 1 PHY I C D S I I PNEU' CONSOLE S 7 - 4 1 C / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 2 9 IRN-CCSD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 I RN-CCBD 5 0 L - 6 6 - 0 2 9 4 PHY I C D S I I PNEU CONS S 7 - 4 1 A + 4 l D / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 0 PHY I C D HEAT EXCHANGER A 7 - 7 1 / S A T ICD-CCSD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 PIPING CRITERIA S-I1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 2 7 PAGf CONT. V V V V PNEU SYS/SATURN V PREPAf I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTEI OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV. ------ -----.-I--------- 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-Pd 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-Pi 06-25-65 LO-FA 06-25-65 LO-FA KSC-P. 02-11-66 LO-FA MSFC- SEE-DWG SEE B A S I C NUMBER FOR R E V I S I O N g T I T L E i ETC. PHYS I C D S-IC H Y D R A U L I C U N I T L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 3 02-1 0-66 LO-FA 220-390 PHY I C D S - I C PNEU CONSOLE RKS 1 - 2 - 3 + 4 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 6 1 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-K 08-09-65 LO-F A. 220-390 K SC-P - KSC-K 4 PHY I C D '3NEU CONSOLES 5 , 8 1 7 + 8 S-IC �A P U L L O I N T F R F A C E CONTROt. DOCUMENT L U G DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -SCHED I D S __ _ DOCUMENT NUMBER, Dii REVISION NCTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER --- ........................................ ICD-CCBD - - - -------- -------- ------ --------------- -------a P H Y I C D 5 - I C PNEU CHECKOUT RKS 1-2-3+4 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 6 09-24-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-ED! PIPING CRITERIA S-IC I C D - C C B D 5 0 1-66-0046 IRN-CCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 6 02-07-66 LO-FA 220-280 MSFC-P+\ 12-09-65 LO-FA 210-390 KSC-EDV PNEU CONSOLE S E T - P I P C R I T - S - I C FLUSH I C D - C C B D 501-66-0047 - PHY I C D + P I P E C R I T S I I L E A K DETECT SYS TCD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 5 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 6 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 4 02-10-65 LO-FA 020-220 MSFC-ED\ - PHY I C D P I P E C R I T S I C F W D UMB SERV U N SV I C D - C C B D 501-66-0180 02-10-66 LO-FA 010-220 MSFC-ED\ + SEE 5.- C 3 3 7 8 0 MO D A YR MO D A YR CODE PREPARII I N T E R F A C E AREAS CF"'ER OR C E I NUMBERS AL .VIT' 501-65-34 A S - I 1 S T A G E GSE P L A C E M E N T ON M B L LAUNCHER IC-D-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0129 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 9 F ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE P A N E L + P U R G E . U N I T SAT V SEE-DWG B A S I C NUMBER F O R R E V I S I O N V T I T L E I E T C - - PHY I C D + P I P C R I T H A Z GAS A N A L Y Z E R S A T V ICD-CCRD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 0 IRN-CCRD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 7 I RN-CCBO 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 5 02-04-66 LO-FA 220-000 MSfC-ED\ A L C 3 9 ML PHY LOC PORT I U WATER ACCUM CART 03-02-66 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-EDV �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 3 DATE 2 9 JUL 66 3c H G '-7 \/ D S DOCUMENTNUMBER, DR R E V I S I O N NOTICE --- - .................... DOC REV --- - ... 66ICD7007 661CD7009 - PREP1 I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T £ OR C E I NUMBERS ACT:\ ----'---'---"-------"""--"--""' ICD-CCBD J 3 +++ DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E 1 DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE LC-39 501-66-0207 02-08-66 HAZARD PROOFING-S/C LOFC 230--390 KSC ~ ~ 3S 3 I C ' 0-C. POHER S U P P L I E S 01-20-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC-E F L I G H T MECHANICS PANEL I C D 09-09-99 FH 0 0 0 - 1 00 MS FC- �A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E ' CONTRO1. DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 2 4 2 D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 4- D S A DOCUMFNT N U M B E R t OR R E V I S I O N NCTICE --- DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER --- ........................................ SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO D A YR CODE PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS C E N T E R OR C E I NUMBERS ACT1 'Y -----------I---^--.-- 13M03083 R A --- -- - L A U V E H / S P A C E C R A F T PROCEDURAL REQ ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 7 7 I R N - C C B D 501-66-0198 - L A U V E H / S P A C E C R A F T F U N C T I O N A L REQ I C D - C C B D 501-66-0335 1 13M07083 O 13M50123 B E N V E L O P E L E M / S - I V B / I U C L E A R A N C E PHYS I C A L I C D - C C B D 501-66-0099 - I N S T R U M E N T U N I T T O S P A C E C R A F T P H Y S REQ NO I R N - C C B D E N T E R E D IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 1 4 SPACECRAFT TO Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0242 P H Y S REQ A S A T U R N / A P O L L O FREQ P L A N ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 8 - EM1 C O M P A T I B I L I T Y D E S I G N C R I T E R I A I C D - C C R D 201-66-0114 R D E S I G N C R I T E R I A FOR S A T U R N V ONBOARD EDS ICD-CCBD 4 16331-63A107350 - 08-17-65 IC 000-100 MSFC-ASTR 08-06-65 C-S 000-100 MSFC 03-18-65 E I 300-230 MSC 501-66-0078 E L E C I C D ACE S / , C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 5 COMP I N T F ' �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IAOl PAGE DATE 29 J U L 66 -- --- -- 'C H D G DOCUMENT NUPI18ERI OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------- -------- ------ -------------------- --- ....................................... --A 16331-63A107393 A SOFTWARE ICD-ACE S / C - L / V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 3 R A 40#37526 A 40fl37564 ------. 393.-100 MSC L V ESELPROPELLANT SYSTEMS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 4 12-15-65 E I 220-210 HSFC-A! - L V ESE TO LAUNCH EQUIPMENT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 9 12-09-65 €1 220-2 10 MS FC-A! - SPACECRAFT GSE TO L A U V E H GSE EI 230-220 MSFC-A! I N S T U N I T TO SPACECRAFT E L E C REQ EI 000-100 MSFC-A! Cs 000-100 MS FC-A! M-NF 040-090 MSFC-M- 01-28-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F L C 3 9 DATA TRANS S Y S ( W 1 D E BAND) ENTERED 02-02-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F L C 3 9 OPNL I N T E R C O M SYS-S/C 02-06-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F 02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC 03-23-65 LOFC 230-390 K-SC-F A L C 3 9 SAT V TRANSP ROUTES -S/C 03-1 5-65 LOFC 230-390 KSC-ED\ A L C 3 9 SAT V VEH STAGE + S / C 08-13-65 LOFC 100-390 KSC-ED\ 2A 40H05538 -----.---------- E I a A 40H05488 COMP I N T E R F A C E PREPAR I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS. A C T I V I ' 08-12-65 - A 40H05486 4 SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL WO D A YR MO DA YR CODE - DES OF SATURN S A - 5 1 0 I C D SATURN I B / V + APOLLO SC EDS CONTROL R A T E GYRO ? K G L C 3 9 S I T E P L A N + GENL ARRANGE-S/C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED GSE . NO IRM-CCBD - L C 3 9 FAC I N S T C A B L I N G - L O C / R O U T I N G - L C 3 9 OPNL T V SYS-FAC-S/C ESE/GSE S/C ESE/GSE MISALIGNMENT �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL OOCUMENT LOG IAOl DATE 29 J U L 66 -- --- -- O S - DOCUMENT NUMBER* DR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E .................... DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ SCHED ACTUAL REL D A T E R E 1 D A T E P A N E L MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACT' TY - _------- ------- ------ --------------- ---------- A L C 3 9 CSM + LEM TO F A C I L I T Y CABLES NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED . NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A 65ICD7052 - S/C GSE TO HAZARD PROOF MON SYST,LC-39 02-08-66 LOEL 04-28-65 - 230-390 KSC-LVO-2 LOFC 230-390 KSC-F r A L C 3 9 VAB H I G H BAY AREA TO S / C NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO A 65 'CD7167 IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD IRN-CCBD ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED - FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 V A B S/C-GSE 03-19-65 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-DI - FUNCT I N T F RQMTS ECS L C 3 9 / V A B 05-03-65 LOPG. 230-390 KSC-K-DT LEM SC GSE �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 1 DATE 29 J U L 66 PAGE -- --- -- 'c H G D DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE L C 3 9 LCC F A C I L I T Y S / C ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CC-BD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED PREPAR I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I V I 03-05-65 230-390 KSC-F 01-25-65 LOFC 233-390 KSC-F 09-03-65 LOPG 100-200 KSC 12-02-65 LOPG 146-390 01-12-65 LOFC 230-390 -KSC-F 03-19-65 100-390 KSC-K-I 8 A L C 3 9 MAT-ESE/GSE NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO fRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - ' - ". - - LC39 PIPING NO 1RN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD C R I T + I N T F LOC S / C F L D SYS ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED LC39/M.SS P I P C R I T + I N T F LOC LEM F L D SYS' L C 3 9 PAD A NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD . ENTERED ENTERED . FUNCT I N T F REPS ECS L C 3 9 PAD A S/C-GSE LOPG ' KSC-ED' �APOLLO INTERFACE. CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG IA 0 1 PAGE 246 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- 0 S - DOCUMENT NUMBER, OK R E V I S I O N NOTICE --- DOC REV SCXED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA Y R MO DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER 1 NO IRN-CCBD - -------- ------- ------ --------------- -- R PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACT!'."TY ---a --- ENTERED C 65ICD7567 - FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GHE L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-390 KSC-EDV C 65ICD7568 - FUNCT I N T F REQMTS GN2 L C 3 9 A S / C GSE 05-02-66 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-DT - L C 3 9 A S / C GSE FUNC I N T F REQ,GOX 02-09-66 LOPG 230-390 KSC-EDV LC-39 02-10-66 L/-FC 230-300 KSC 03-1 9-65 LOPG 100-390 KSC-K-Dl 11-05-54 LO-FC 230-390 IdfC-NAA - PAD B S / C FUNCT I N T F REQS ECS L C 3 9 PAD B S/C-GSE B L C 3 9 L U T GSE SYSTEMS AFRM C O N F I G NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO JRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - L C 3 9 A ML P I P C R l T + I N T F LOC S / C NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCRD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED F L SYS �I La: APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG /I * PAC DATE 2 9 3 U L 66 -. Ld -- --- -- C 3~ D DOCUMENT NUMBER, DOC G S OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- .................... --........................................ '7 I V' 4 J 651CD7788 - LC39-LUT GSE CABLES-GAS L C 3 9 P H Y I N T F C GOX COND PNL L E A K TS U N I T . . NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - ACCESS A R M NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD - - -------- -------- ------ --------------- SERV MODULE CABLE REQMTS ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED LOFA 239-39C KSC-E 09-22-65 LOFA 270-390 USC-E KSC-E T I M I N G + COUNTDOWN D l S T 09-22-64 LO-FC + CONN 11-29-65 LOFC FUNCT I N T F REQMTS ECS MC LEM S / C G S E 05-03-65 LC 3 4 / 3 7 / 3 9 NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD 10-01-64 LC/34/37/39 A-C. - LC34/37/39 - VERT 230-340 230-347 KSC-E LOPG 230-300 KSC-K LOFA 230-340 MSC-F SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 - 1 7 2 ENTERED' ENTERED ENTERED 230-340 KSC-E CMD MOD ACCESS ARM C A B L I N G 230-340 KSC-D 230-300 HSC-F POWER REC- 8 L C 3 7 / 3 9 LEM NO 1RN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD ----a 07-22-65 LEM U M B I L I C A L A N D T E S T CABLES FOR L C 39 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED A S/C - PREP! INTEGFACE AREAS C E N T E OR C E I NUMBERS A C T l L N I T SYS - + SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE SM SWG ARM UMB D I S C A 1 4 0 1 9 ENTERED ENTERED STOP FOR LES* ACCESS ARM * �t APOLLO I N T E R F A C E . CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG DATE 29 J U L 66 P A G E 248 -- --- -- D S _ DOCUMTNT NUMBER* OK R E V I S I O N N O T I C E --- DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER __--------------------- --------------------------------------NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD J 65ICD8304 A MOCK-UP - -------- ------ --------------- ---- I------- ---- ENTERED ENTERED 23 AFRM 9 T O ACCESS ARM WHT RM 03-1 7-65 LOFA KSC-DE C/M ACCESS ARM ADPT HOOD TO S / C I N T F REQ 11-04-65 LOFA MSC-EDV PHY I N T F R E T R A C T I O N MECH Q-BALL ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 6 4 COVER 12-10-65 LO-FA KSC-EDV SATURN V LAUNCH V E H I C L E PROTUBERANCES ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 5 2 02-02-66 LOFC MSFC L C 3 9 VAB H I G H BAYS TO L / V 11-19 - 6 5 LOFC KSC-F KSC-EDV-2 ESE/GSE LC 39 VAB LOW BAY AREA TO L / V - E S E / G S E ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 6 02-09-66 LO-FC - L C 3 9 MSS TO L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 0 02-14-66 LO-FC L C - 3 9 PAD AREA L / V E S E / G S E ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 5 12-07-65 LOFC S - I C / M L HOLD DOHN ARMS P H Y S I C A L REQMTS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 6 04-05-66 LO-FC MSFi LOFC MSFC .. LO-EL MSFC-ASTR - - PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVTTY - - 65 I C D 9 1 4 2 SCHED ACTUAL R E 1 D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE WINO LOAD A L L E V I A T I O N SYS F A C I L TO L / V A F A C I L I T Y C A B L E S FOR LAUNCH V E H I C L E ESE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 3 09-01-66 03-09-66 �IAO 1 APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG 1 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- C H G -- D S , DOCUMENT NUMBER* O R R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBO NUMBER --- ....................................... ---i--------------- * R .. A 65ICD9201 R 7 1 NO IRN-CCBD - .- I - A 65ICD9205 -------- -------- ------ --------------- ----- ENTERED LV ESE TO RANGE SEQUENCING 'LC-39 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 3 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-370 MS FC-. - L V E S E TO I N S T R SYSTEM ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 6 5 02-11-66 LO-EL 220-290 HS FC- - MSFC COUNT CLOCK T O KSC T I M I N G L C - 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 8 4 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED - L V ESE TO KSC DATA MEASUREMENTS 02-11-66 LOEL LOW B A Y ESE TO I N S T R U SYS + REC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 1 02-11-66 LO-EL LOW BAY ESE T O - I N S T R SYS AND REC ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 2 02-11-66 LO-EL S E R V I C I N G REQMTS ECS SAT V L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 2 09-09-65 LOPG 250-390 MSFC-K FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GHE SYS SAT V 06-28-65 LOPG .-. A 651C09401 PREP4 I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTS OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV L V E S E / 6 0 AC POWER REQUIREMENTS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 2 4 ' 65ICD9241 ACTUAL SCHED R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE - �APOLLO INTFRFACE C9NTRDL DOCUMENT LOG AS DATE 29 J U L 6 6 -- --- -- D S - DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N NgiTCE DOC REV 510 ----- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - PREPARING INTERFACE AREAS CENTF" f OR C E I NUMBERS A C T I l -------- -------- ------ --------------- ---------- --- ........................................ - --- SCHEO ACTUAL R E 1 DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA Y R M O DA YR CODE -------I------------ NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD NO IRN-CCBD PAGE 2 5 0 CONT. ENTERED ENTERED ENTERED F U N C T INTF F L U I D REQMTS GN2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS GH2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L H 2 SYS SAT V NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 8 06-28-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS L O X SYS SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0040 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 0 06-03-65 LOPG 010-250 KSC-P+VE FUNCT I N T F F L U I D REQMTS RP-1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 I RN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 1 06-15-65 COPG 010-250 KSC-" 02-08-66 LO-PG 220-390 MSFC-EDV SYS SAT V FUNCT XNTF F L U I D REQMTS VAB ECS SAT V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 3 3 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED -. P I P C R I T APS PROP S E R V I C I N G S A T V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 5 0 E C' �IAOl A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G PAGE D A T E 29 JUL 66 C H G D DOCUMENTNUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E OOC REV SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL no on Y R MO D A YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER -------- ------- ------ --------------- ------ ....................................... UMB AND SERV CONN P L A T E 3-4 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 9 I R N - C C 8 D 501-66-0289 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 8 08-10-65 S I C AFT UMB + S E R V CONNS P L A T E NO 1-2 I C D - C C B D 501-65-38 I R N - C C B D 501-66-0298 I R N - C C B O 501-66-0286 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 1 S-IC AFT UMB + S E R V CONNS P L A T E NO 3 - 2 I C D - C C B D 501-65-39 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 2 S-IC AFT , LO-FA 08-1 8 - 6 5 . LO-FA 08-10-65 LO-FA M O T I O N ENV AFT UMB P L A T E S 1q2q+3 S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 2 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 7 08-1 0 - 6 5 LO-FA PHY I C D LAU V E H S - I C ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 6 IRN-CCBD 50 1-66-0290 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 6 IRN-CCBD 501-66-0378 08-09-65 LO-FA 08-09-65 LO-FA INTK UMB/LC39 PHY I C D L A U V E H S - I C FWD U M B / L C 3 9 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 7 I R N - C C B D 501-66-0190 IRM-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0384 NO I R N - C C B D ENTERED , PREPAR I N T E R F 4 f E AREAS C E N T E R OR c E r NUMBERS ACTIVI GSE GSE o i o - 2 10 KSC-P+' �APOLLO I N T Z R F A C E CONTROL. DQCUMENT L D G IAOl P A G E 252 D A T t 2 Y J U L -46 -- D S --- -- DOCUMENT NU' OR R E V I S I O N --- _ DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER --- ........................................ "3 - UMB + SERV CONNECTIONS S - I I ICD-CCBD 501-66-0111 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 8 3 - - SCHED ac~ukt R E L DATE R E L D A T E P A N E L MO DA YR MO D A YR CODE PREPAP,ING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENT: OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY -------- -------- ------ -------------- ---------06-28-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+VE U M B I L I C A L + SERV CONN S I X L O X DISCONNECT ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 7 06-21-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+VE U M B I L I C A L + SERV CONN S - 1 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 6 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 6 06-21-65 LO-FA 020-390 KSC-P+VE 06-28-65 LO-FA ,020-390 KSC-P+VE 06-21-65 LO-FA 040-390 KSC-P 06-18-65 LO-FA 040-390 KSC-PIVF 06-1 8 - 6 5 LO-FA 090-390 KSC-P+Vf XNTERM LH2 D I S C U M B I L I C A L + S E R V I C E CONN S - I 1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 7 NO IRN-CCBD ENTERED FORWARD - UMB + SERV CONNECTIONS S - I V B ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 8 - UMB + S E R V I C E CONNECTIONS S - I V B ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 7 7 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 3 - U M B I L I C A L + S E R V I C E CONNECTIONS I U ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 5 AFT FORWARD . "E �,) APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG ) PAGE .DATE 2.9 JUL 66 -- --- -- C H G \--/ IAOl DOCUMENT NUMBER, 9 R R E V I S I O N NOTICE DOC REV -S -------------------- --- SCHED ACTUAL R E 1 D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER PREPAR I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTER OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVI -------- -------- ------ -------------- ------ -----------------------------,----- IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 5 IRN-CsCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 8 4 J 651CD9753 \ . . - PHY TCD S - I VB PNEU CONS D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 2 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 7 V 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 K S C-K- PHY I C D S - I V B PNEU CONS O S V - 4 8 - 4 3 3 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 5 V 06-21-65 LO-FA 220--390 USC-P+ PNEU CONS SET L C 3 9 01-28-66 LO-FA 010-390 KSC-P+ 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+ 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-E 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-E 06-21-65 LO-FA 220-390 .KSC-P+ P I P I N G CRITERIA S-IVB ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 3 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 4 - PHY I C D S - I VB H T EXCH D S V - 4 8 - 4 3 8 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 6 - PHY I C D I U C O O L I N G U N I T + P I P I N G C R I T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 7 6 - - PHY I C D ICD-CCBD IRN-CCBD V I U PNEU CONS + P I P I N G C R I T E R I A 501-65-48 501-66-0292 PHY I C D APS PNEU CONS 'DSV-4B-436/SAT . . . ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 ' 1 0 4 V - P I P I N G C R I T E R I A APS PNEU CONSOLE L C 3 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 4 02-10-66 LOFA 220-390 HSFC-E PHY I C D S - I C I N E R T . P R E F I L L + P I P I N G C R I Y , . ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 7 09-15-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC-E �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -- DOCUMENTNUMBERI OK R E V I S I O N N O T I C E D S _ PAGE 2 5 4 --- -- --- DOC REV SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E 1 DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER -------- -------- ------ ------------- --- ........................................ ----------------I--- - - 65 I C D 9 7 6 6 - 0 0 3 PHY I C D S - I I PNEU CONSOLES S 7 - 4 1 B / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 2 8 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 4 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 1 PHY I C D S I I PNEU CONSOLE S 7 - 4 1 C / S A T ICD-CCBD 501-65-29 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 8 I RN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 4 PHY I C D S I I PNEU CONS S 7 - 4 1 A + 4 1 D / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 0 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 0 0 PHY I C D HEAT EXCHANGER A 7 - 7 1 / S A T ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 3 1 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 9 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 3 1 PIPING CRITERIA S-I1 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 5 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 2 7 .CD9769 V V V V PNEU SYS/SATURN V --------- 06-2 5-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 06-25-65 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-P+VE 220-390 MSFC-EDV / 02-1 1-66 LO-FA * SEE B A S I C NUMBER FOR R E V I S I O N ~ T I T L E I E T C ~ - PHYS I C D S - I C H Y D R A U L I C U N I T L C 3 9 ICD-CCRD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 8 3 0 2 - 1 0-66 LO-FA 220-390 KSC-K-DT - PHY I C D S - I C PNEU CONSOLE RKS 1 - 2 - 3 + 4 09-1 5 - 6 5 ' LO-FA 220-390 K S C-K-CT 08-09-65 LO-FA ICD-CCBD ; G PREPARING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTEP OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIl ! - SEE-DUG 50 1-65-61 PHY i C D FNEU C Q N S S i E S 5 1 6 . 7 + 8 S-IC - �A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT L O G 2 D A T E 29 J U L 66 DOCUMENT N U M B E R * OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E .................... DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER --- ...................................... ICD-CCBD - - 9 - PREP& I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTE OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIb -------- -------- ------ --------------- ----- 501-65-34 PHY I C D S - I C PNEU CHECKOUT RKS 1-2-3+4 ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 5 - 4 6 09-24-65 LO-FA 220-390 MSFC- PIPING CRITERIA S-IC I C D - C C B D 5 0 1-66-0046 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1-66-0306 02-07-66 LO-FA 220-280 HSFC- 12-09-65 LO-FA 210-390 KSC-E P I P C R I T S - I C F L U S H + PURGE U N I T S A T V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 4 7 02-07-66 LO-FA 010-390 HSFC- PHY I C D + P I P E C R I T S T 1 L E A K DETECT SYS ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 5 5 I R N - C C B D 501-66-0264 IRM-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 2 7 4 02-10-65 LO-FA 020-220 HSFC- P H Y I C D P I P E C R I T S I C FWD UMB S E R V U N SV I C D - C C O D 501-66-0180 02-10-66 LO-FA 010-220 MSFC- PNEU CONSOLE S E T A S - I 1 S T A G E GSE PLACEMENT ON M B L LAUNCHER ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 9 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 2 9 - SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO D A YR MO D A YR CODE SEE-DWG SEE B A S I C NUMBER F O R R E V I S I O N t T I T L E t E T C PHY I C D + P I P C R I T H A Z GAS A N A L Y Z E R S A T V ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 0 0 IRM-CCBD 50 1-66-0377 IRN-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 3 1 5 02-04-66 LO-FA PHY LOC PORT I U WATER ACCUM CART 03-02-66 LO-FA . A L C 3 9 ML 220-000 .. HSFC- �APO.LL0 I Y T E R F A C E CONTROL OOCUMENT L O G DATE 29 J U L 66 AS -- --- -- G S - DOCUMENT NUMBER* OR R E V I S I O N N U T I C E ----------------.---- 66ICD7007 66 I C D 7 0 0 9 A 80M90SlO DOC REV 510 ----- DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER CONT. --- -----------_--------------------------- - L C 3 9 S / C D-C. - F L I G H T MECHANICS PANEL I C D LC-39 PAGE 256 --- SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E R E L DATE PANEL MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE PREPb?ING I N T E R F A C E AREAS CEN'i OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY -------- -------- ------ --------------- ---------02-08-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC 01-20-66 LOFC 230-390 KSC-EDV-2 09-09-99 FM 000-100 HSFC-AERO H A Z A R D P R O O F ~NG-SIC POWER S U P P L I E S IA31 ' �IA 0 1 A P O L L O I N T E R F A C E C O N T R O L DOCUMENT L O G -\ PAG -- --- -- DATE 2 9 J U L 66 -I ?c C' -, I$ 3 -A -\ H 1 G L D O C U M E N T NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV - +++ A SON36801 E 65ICD9041 I E 65ICD9080 - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER I C D SATURN I B / V SCHED ACTUAL REL DATE REL DATE PANEL MO D A Y R MO D A YR CODE PREPA I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTE OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV C O N T R O L R A T E GYRO P K G LC 3 9 V A B LOW B A Y A R E A ' T O ' L / V - E S E / G S E I C D - C C B D 501-66-0086 02-09-66 LO-FC 720-390 KSC-El LC39 MSS T O L / V E S E / G S E ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 0 02-14-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-El �IAOl APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CDYTRfli. DOCUMENT LOG PAGE 2 5 8 DATE 2 9 J U L 66 --- -- --- -- D S DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N C I I C E DOC REV DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER - -------------------- --- ---------------------------------------A 50M36801 E 65ICD9041 - - I C D SATURN I B / V CONTROL RATE GYRO P K G SCHED ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL MO DA Y R MO DA YR CODE PREPCI" I N G I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENT OR C E I N U M B E R S ACTIVITY -------- ------- ------ --------------- ---------03-1 5-66 M- NF LC 3 9 VAB LOW B A Y AREA TO L / V - E S E / G S E 1CD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 6 02-09-66 LO-FC L C 3 9 MSS TO L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 0 02-14-66 LO-FC 040-090 MSFC-M-ED �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTROL DOCUMENT LOG ' D A T E 2 9 J U L 66 -- --- -- , -4 -1' . SCHED D S DOCUMENT NUMBER, OR R E V I S I O N N O T I C E DOC REV - - - DOCUMENT T I T L E OR CCBD NUMBER I C D SATURN I B / V ACTUAL R E L DATE R E L DATE PANEL HO D A YR MO DA YR CODE PREP I N T E R F 4 C E A R E A S CENT OR C E I NUMBERS ACT1 CONTROL RATE GYRO PKG LC 3 9 V A 8 LOW B A Y AREA TO. L / V - E S E / G S E ICD-CCBD 50 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 6 L C 3 9 MSS TO L / V ESE/GSE ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 0 02-14-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-I: �APOLLO I N T E R F A C E CONTRni - O 5 - .DATE 29 J U L 66 AS -- -.-- -- DOCUMENT NUMBER, 3R R E V ! S I O N N C T I C E ----------------.-I-- DOC REV - 514 DOCUMENT T I T L E OR C C B D NUMBER t 65ICD9041 - I C D SATURN . I B / V 1 A31 PAGE 260 --- ----- --- ........................................ 4 50M3bdOL DOCUMENT L O G SCHED ACTUAL R E L D A T E REL D A T E PANEL MO D A YR MO D A YR CODE PREr 4G -------- -------- ------ --------------- ---------INTERFACE A R E A S C E N T E R OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIVITY CONTROL R A T E GYRO P K G L C 3 9 V A B LOW B A Y AREA T O L / V - E S E / G S E I C D - C C B D 501-66-0086 02-09-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EDV-2 L C 3 9 MSS TO L / V E S E / G S E I C D - C C B D 501-66-0110 02-14-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EDV-2 �A P U L L O INTERFAf;E DATE 2 9 Jut CONTROL UOCUMENT LOG PAC; 66 -- --- -- O ,-. DOCUMENT NUMBER, n q REVISION NOTICE DOC REV DOCUMENT TITLE OR C C B D NUMBER ____-__-----_-_-- ........................................ - LC. 3 9 V A B LOU 8 A Y AREA ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 0 8 6 L C 3 9 MSS TO L / V E S E / G S E ICD-CCBD 5 0 1 - 6 6 - 0 1 1 0 T O L/-V-ESE/GSE' SCHED ACTUAL REL D A T E R E L DATE P A N E L MO DA YR MO DA YR CODE -------- -------- ------ PHEPAl I N T E R F A C E AREAS CENTEI OR C E I NUMBERS ACTIV ------ -----I-------- 02-09-66 LO-FC 220 - 3 9 0 KSC-EL 02-14-66 LO-FC 220-390 KSC-EI. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000069 Title A name given to the resource Reproduction of "Apollo Interface Control Document Log." Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. X66-94268 Description An account of the resource This copy is a reproduction of a document held by the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility . Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-07-29 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn Project (U.S.) Project Apollo (U.S.) Information management Type The nature or genre of the resource Logs (records) Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000051_000074 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1154/spc_stnv_000070.pdf 070649e619faa748137a414c5949aa33 PDF Text Text Apollo IO/AS-505Mission X I L/ 7 Final Rehearsal for the Manned Lunar Landing Apollo 10 is a demonstration of the ability of all launch vehicle, spacecraft and ground support systems to perform their assigned functions. The mission will mark the first flight of the complete Apollo spacecraft (CMISMILM) in deep space and in the lunar environment. Spacecraft maneuvers are the same as those to be employed on the first manned lunar landing, except that there will be no LM final descent or landing. IBM Space Systems Center Huntsville, Alabama Mission Statistics Crew Duration (approximate): 192 Hours, 04 Min Orbit (Earth Parking): 100 NM Number of Planned Revolutions: 2 or 3 Lunar Orbit: 60 x 170 NIM Number of Planned Revolutions: 2 Lunar Orbit: 60 NM Circular Number of Planned Revolutions: 28 Thomas P. Stafford (Commander) Eugene A. Cernan (Lunar Module Pilot) John W. Young (Command Module Pilot) Notes if- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000070 Title A name given to the resource Apollo 10/AS-505 mission chart. Description An account of the resource The chart includes diagrams, mission statistics, crew, and notes. There is an additional copy in the David Christensen Collection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource International Business Machines Corporation. Space Systems Center Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-05 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Project Apollo (U.S.) Space flight to the moon Saturn launch vehicles Saturn Project (U.S.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Diagrams Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000051_000074 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1155/spc_stnv_000071.pdf b1640a68a7f1bcbf1b664bdfa25ace14 PDF Text Text . J I k @ NATIONALAERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADM*lSTRATlON TELS WASHINGTON,D .C. 20546 WO 2-4155 W 0 3-6925 FOR RELEASE: ~ D I A T E m y 7, 1969 RELEASE NO: 69-68 PROJECT:&pow 19 SATURN !-llSTORY DOCUMENT University of Alabama Research lnstitcrk History of Science G. Technology G ~ w ------- - - - DOC.NO. Date S *S ------a- GB#ERALWSE--------------------------------------------1-7 WSSIOM oBJgc~s-----------------------------------------~-lo A ~ U X ) 10 ~~~~~---------------------------------------11-1 HISSIOBi CPWAJECTORY AND MHBWER DESCRImION----------------14 Launch Evenes-------------------------------------------15 m r s l o n E;vants---------------------------------------------l6-18 m t h ]Pa** Opblt-------------------------------------19 Wan8l-r Injection-------------------------------------19 Tranarposition, Daoklng and $;leetion---------------------- 19 'pransl-r Coaet-----------------------------------------2Q L m r Orbst Im%erti~n------------------------------------20 Lunar Parking Orbit L W-Autive Rendezvous---------------20-22 K I Transearth Injecti~n------------------------------~-------22 wasearth Caa~t----------------------------------------22 mtrg mding--------------------------------------------22 O~~TIQ~S--------------------------------------APOLLO 10 A L ~ A T MIISJSIOH~--------------------------------~~-~~ E ABORT MoDES------------------------------------------------29 Deep Smae Abort@---------------------------------------- 29-31 APOLLO 10 a0/#0-80 DBCISIOM POImS------------------------ 32 O m R D mf;EfISIOM----------------;.----c-------------------APOLm 10 PBQmQRAPHIC TASKS------------------------------3 MHAR DESCRIPTION------------------------------------------35 pol lo Lunar mdiw ~ites-------------------------------36-37 COMMAND M D SBFtVICE MODULE STIPFICTURE, SYS'PElrtS---------------38-39 Y CSH Systees---------------------------------------.----.39-41 S~UCSTTL;ZES, UEIG~----------------------------~~ Ascent St;age-------------------------------------------- L W HOW ~ I)escent Stwe-------------------------------------.----. m w Module System------------------------------------A448 �Conteats Continued SAmRH W U W C R VEHICLE DESCRIPTIOM & OPERATIO&----------- 4 9 pipst Stage--------------------------------------------49 Second Stage--------------------------------------..----49-50 Stags---------------------------------------------50-51 nt Unit-----------------------------------------Ina 51-52 on----------------------------------------------Pro 52-53 Munch Vehicle Instrumentation and Communication---------53 Restapt-------------------------------------------S54 -55 APOEW 10 CRW-----------------------------------------------56 L i f e Support Equipment Space Suits--------------------56-57 - Heala---------------------------------------------------2;-62 Personal mgiene----------------------------------------$upviva& aeap--------------------------------------------63-64 Biomedical Lnflight lulsnitoring---------------------------a Regt-Wopk Cgcles------------------------------------------& waAnbg--.-----------------------------------------------65-66 Crew B&~gratphres-----~------------------------~---------67-72 &BI.uNcHQPEWONS-r,---------------------------73 Prelamch Preparakions----------------------------------73-75 u u H c R @omem39------------------------------------------76 a h i e l e Assembly m%ld$ng-------------------------------77-78 h m e h Control Center-----------------------------------78-79 Mob$le Launchep-------------------------------------------79-80 ABOLLX) T~~nsporker------------..---------------------------------80-81 Cpawlemaye-----------------------------------------------8l Mobile Service Stmewre---------------------------------81-82 Water mbwe System--------------------------------------82 m n e k and Deflector--------------------------------82-83 Pad areas------------------------------------------------83-w Mfasfsn control Centep---------------------------.--------84-85 ~~1aw" WC~WORK---------------------------------~~-~$ p ations ~etwork------------------------------8$-89 teps---------------------------------------- 89-90 Ships-----------------------------------------90-91 Xnrstrumentrttion Aircraft (ARIA)-------------91 0110 lo-----------------------------92 ye----------------------------------93 Is---------------------------------9 -95 luraJor Apollo/Saturn V Cont~actors-----------------------2-97 98 102 APOLLO GLOS ----,-,i,---------------------AI? ACRO A m mBRNmTxONS---------------------------103-l& CO SIOW ~s----------------------------.------------105 106 - - �LI Y N A T I O N A L AERONAUTICS AND WASHINGTON,D SPACE ADMINISTRATION .C. 20546 TELS' W O 2-4 155 W 0 3-6925, FOR' RE1 R E ~ S ENO: 69-68 APOLU) 10: MANt S NEAREST LUNAR APPROACH Two Apollo 10 astronauts w i l l descend to within eight nautical miles of the Moonls surface, the closest man has ever been to another c e l e s t i a l body. A dress rehearsal for the first manned lunar landing, Apallo 10 is scheduled for launch Mag 18 at 12:49 p.m. EMP f r o m the National Aeranautfca and Space Adlainistration's Kennedy Space Center, Fla. !?he eight-day, lunar orbit mission will mark the first time the complete Apollo spacecraft has operated around the Moon and the second manned flight for the lunar module. Pollowlng c l o s e l y the time line and traJectory t o be flown on Apollo 11, Apollo 10 w i l l Include an eight;-houp eequence o f lunar module (W)undocked a c t i v i t i e s during which the c o m d e r and Ijl p i l o t w i l l descend t o within eight nautical milea o f the lunar surface and later rejoin the colllmajld/aervice module (CSM) I n a 60-nautioal-mlle circular orbit. �MOON AT EARTH LANDING TRANSEARTH INJECTION ENTRY & LANDING TRANSPOSITION LUNAR ORBIT INSERTION MOON AT EARTH LAUNCH APOLLO LUNAR MISSION �A l l a s p e c t s of Apollo 10 w i l l d u p l i c a t e conditions of t h e l u n a r landing mission as c l o s e l y as p o ~ ~ i b l e - - S u angles n a t Apollo S i t e 2, t h e out-and-back flight path t o t h e Moon, and the time l i n e of mission events, Apollo 10 d i f f e r s from Apollo 11 i n t h a t no landing w i l l be m d e on t h e Moon's surf ace, Apollo 10 is designed t o provide a d d i t i o n a l operational experience f o r t h e crew; space vehicle; and mission-support f a c i l i t i e s during a simulated lunar landing mission. Among d e s i r e d data p o i n t s t o be gained by Apollo 10 a r e 3.44 systems operations a t lunar d i s t a n c e s a s well as o v e r a l l mission o p e r a t i o n a l experience. The was s u c c e s s f u l l y checked - out i n Earth o r b i t i n Apollo go i n c l u d i w a rendezvous sequence simulating l u n a r o r b i t rendezvous. Space navigation experience around t h e Moon is another b e n e f i t t o be gained from f l y l n g a r e h e a r s a l mission before making a l u n a r landing, More knowledge of t h e l u n a r p o t e n t i a l , o r g r a v i t a t i o n a l e f f e c t will provide a d d i t i o n a l refinement of Manned Space F l i g h t Metwork tracking techniques, and broad landmark t r a c k i n g w i l l b o l s t e r t h l s knowledge, �- Analysis of l a s t Becemberls Apollo 8 l u n a r o r b i t mission t r a c k i n g has aided refinement of t r a c k i n g and navigation techniques and Apollo 10 should reduce e r r o r margins s t i l l f u r t h e r . Apollo 10 crewmen a r e Commander Thomas P. S t a f f o r d , Command Moudle P i l o t John W e Young and Lunar Module P i l o t Eugene A. Cernan. The mission w i l l be t h e t h i r d apace f l i g h t f o r S t a f f o r d (Gemini 6 and 9 ) and Young ( ~ e m i n i3 and l o ) , and t h e second f o r Cernan ( ~ e m i n i9 ) . t h e Apollo 7 backup crew. The three were recycled from The Apollo 10 backup crew i a Com- mander L. Gordon Cooper, Command Moudle P i l o t Donn F. E i s e l e and Lunar Module P i l o t Edgar D, Mitchell. S t a f f o r d i s an A i r Force Colonel; Young and Cernan are Navy Commanders. If necessary, t h e backup crew can be s u b s t i t u t e d f o r t h e prime crew up t o about two weeks p r i o r t o a n Apollo launch. During t h i s period, t h e f l i g h t hardware and software, ground hardware and software, f l i g h t crew and ground crews work as an i n t e g r a t e d team t o perform ground simulations and o t h e r tests It i s necessary t h a t t h e f l i g h t crew of t h e upcoming mission. t h a t w i l l conduct t h e mission t a k e p a r t i n t h e s e a c t i v i t i e s , which a r e not repeated f o r t h e b e n e f i t of t h e backup crew. To v do s o would add an a d d i t i o n a l c o s t l y two-week perlod t o t h e prelaunch schedule, which, f o r a l u n a r mission, would r e q u i r e rescheduling f o r t h e next l u n a r window. �-4- The Apollo 10 rendezvous w i l l be t h e f i f t h space rendezvous i n which S t a f f o r d has taken part--Gemini 7/6 and t h e w o r l d ' s first rendezvous, and t h r e e t y p e s of rendezvous with t h e augmented t a r g e t docking a d a p t e r i n Gemini 9 , The Apollo 10 mission time l i n e can be d e s c r i b e d as a combination of Apollo 8 and Apollo 9 i n t h a t i t w i l l be a l u n a r o r b i t mission w i t h a CSM-LM rendezvous, Apollo 8 was a l u n a r o r b i t mission with t h e command/service module only, while Apollo 9 w a s an E a r t h o r b i t a l mission w i t h the complete Apollo s p a c e c r a f t and included a LW-active rendezvous w i t h t h e CSM. Apollo 10, a f t e r l i f t o f f from Launch Complex 39B, w i l l begin t h e three-day voyage t o t h e Moon about two and a h a l f hours a f t e r t h e s p a c e c r a f t is i n s e r t e d i n t o a 100-nautical mile c i r c u l a r E a r t h parking o r b i t . The Saturn V launch v e h i c l e t h i r d s t a g e w i l l r e s t a r t t o i n j e c t Apollo LO i n t o a t r a n s l u n a r t r a j e c t o r y as t h e v e h i c l e p a s s e s over A u s t r a l i a mid-way through t h e second r e v o l u t i o n of t h e Earth. The "go" f o r t r a n s l u n a r i n j e c t i o n w i l l f o l l o w a complete checkout of t h e s p a c e c r a f t ' s r e a d i n e s s t o be committed f o r i n jection. About a n hour a f t e r t r a n s l u n a r i n 3 e c t i o n (TLI), t h e command/service module w i l l s e p a r a t e from t h e Saturn t h i r d stage, t u r n around qnd dock with t h e l u n a r module n e s t e d i n t h e s p a c e c r a f t IlvI a d a p t e r . Spring-loaded l u n a r module holddowns w i l l be r e l e a s e d t o e j e c t t h e docked s p a c e c r a f t from t h e a d a p t e r . �-5- Later, l e f t o v e r liquid p r o p e l l a n t i n t h e Saturn t h i r d s t a g e w i l l be vented through the engine b e l l t o p l a c e t h e s t a g e i n t o a " s l i n g s h o t " t r a j e c t o r y t o miss t h e Moon and go i n t o solar orbit, During the t r a n s l u n a r c o a s t , Apollo 10 w i l l be i n t h e so-called passive thermal c o n t r o l made i n whlch t h e spacec r a f t r o t a t e s slowly about one of i t s axes t o s t a b i l i z e thermal response t o s o l a r h e a t i n g , Four midcourse c o r r e c t i o n maneuvers a r e p o s s i b l e during t r a n s l u n a r c o a s t and w i l l be planned i n real time t o a d J u s t t h e t r a j e c t o r y , Apallo 10 w i l l first be I n s e r t e d i n t o a 60-by-170-nautical mile e l l i p t i c a l l u n a r o r b i t , which two r e v o l u t i o n s later w i l l be circularized t o 60 n a u t i c a l miles, Both l u n a r o r b i t I n s e r - t i o n burns (MI) w i l l be made when Apollo 10 Is behind t h e Moon out of " s i g h t " of Manned Space F l i g h t Network s t a t i o n s , S t a f f o r d and Cernan w i l l man t h e U4 f o r systems checkout and p r e p a r a t i o n s f o r a n eight-and-a-half hour sequence t h a t duplicates--except f o r an a c t u a l landing--the maneuvers planned f o r Apollo 11. The LM twice w i l l sweep within 50,000 f e e t of Apollo Landing S i t e 2, one of t h e prime t a r g e t s f o r t h e Apollo 11 landing. �-6Maximum s e p a r a t i o n between t h e IM and the CSM during the rendezvous sequence w i l l be about 350 miles and w i l l provide an extensive checkout of t h e LPlI rendezvous r a d a r as well as of t h e backup VHF ranging device aboard t h e CSM, flown f o r t h e first t i n e on Apollo LO. When the LM ascent stage has docked w i t h t h e CSW and the two crewmen have t r a n s f e r r e d back t o t h e CSM, t h e LM w i l l be j e t t i s o n e d f o r a ground command ascent engine burn t o prop e l l a n t depletion which w i l l place the IN ascent s t a g e i n t o solar oribt. The crew of Apollo 10 w i l l spend t h e remainder of t h e time i n lunar o r i b t conducting lunar navigational t a s k s and photographing Apollo landing sites t h a t a r e within camera range of Apollo 10's ground track. The t r a n s e a r t h i n j e c t i o n burn w i l l be made behind the Moon after 61.5 hours i n l u n a r o r b i t . During t h e %-hour t r a n s e a r t h coast, Apollo 10 again w i l l c o n t r o l s o l a r heat loads by using t h e passive thermal c o n t r o l "barbecue" technique. Three t r a n s e a r t h midcourse c o r r e c t i o n s are possible and w i l l be planned i n r e a l time t o a d j u s t the Earth e n t r y corridor. �-7- Apollo 10 w i l l e n t e r the E a r t h ' s atmosphere (400,000 f e e t ) a t 191 hours 51 minutes a f t e r launch a t 36,310 feet-per-second, Command module touchdown w i l l be 1,285 n a u t i c a l miles down- range from e n t r y a t 15 degrees 7 minutes South l a t i t u d e by 165 degrees West longitude a t a n elapsed time of 192 hours 5 minutes. The touchdown point i s about 345 n a u t i c a l a i l e s e a s t of Pago Pago, Tutuila, i n American Samoa. (END OF GENERAL RELEASE; BACKGROUND IPIFORMATION FOLLOWS) �APOLLO 10 lunch aB/dTrans Lunar njection Astronauts Board' Apollo Trans Lunar Injection S a t u r n Staging Papollo S a t u r n Separation �P O L L O 10 Trans L u ~ . a rF Apollo Midcourse Maneuver Astronauts a t Command Module S t a r b n s �APOLLO 10 Trans Lundr F Final Course Adjustment Navigational Check �APOLFO 10 Lunar Oroita Lunar Orbit Insertion Television Braadcast 9 I Lunw Landmark Tracking Transfer to Lunar Module �APOLLO 10 Descent Orbit Insertion Lunar LBscent and Ren-dezvous Lunar Mceduie! %tag"sng LM Ascent Engine Firing to Depletion Lunar Landmark Tracking �APOLLO 10 Trans - ~ a r t h njection and F Trans Earth Injection ApsBlas Midcourse Maneu ler Navigational Check Final Reentry Preparations �Earth Reentry and Recovery - Command-Service Module Separation Command Module R e e n t r y Splashdown Recovery �MISSION Ol3JECTIVES Although Apollo 10 w i l l pass no c l o a e r than e i g h t n a u t i c a l miles from t h e l u n a r ~ u r f a c e , a l l o t h e r a s p e c t s of t h e mission w i l l be similar t o the f k r s t l u n a r landing mission, Apollo 11, now scheduled f o r July. The t r a j e c t o r y , time l i n e and maneuvers follow t h e l u n a r landing p r o f l l e . After rendezvous i s completed, t h e Apollo 1 0 t i m e l i n e w i l l d e v i a t e from Apollo 11 i n t h a t Apollo 1 0 w i l l spend a n e x t r a day i n l u n a r o r b i t , Additional LP4 o p e r a t i o n i n e i t h e r E a r t h o r b i t o r l u n a r o r b i t w i l l provide a d d i t i o n a l experience and confidence with t h e IM systems, i n c l u d i n g v a r i o u s c o n t r o l modes of t h e Ul primary/abort guidance systems, as w e l l as further assessment of crew time l i n e s . The mission w i l l a l s o t e s t t h e Apollo rendezvous radar a t maximum range (approximately 350 miles vs. 100 miles during Apollo 9). Apollo 10 w i l l mark t h e first space f l i g h t t e s t of t h e s t e e r a b l e S-band antenna and of t h e landing radar, The LM landing radar has undergone numeroue t e s t s i n Earth environment, but t h i s mission w i l l provide a n opportunity t o check t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e r e f l e c t i v i t y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s with t h e landing r a d a r , Some 800 seconds of landing r a d a r a l t i t u d e a e a s u r i n g data w i l l be gathered as the IIvI makes two sweeps eight nautical miles above Apollo Landing S i t e 2. !Ehis mission w i l l a l s o provide t h e first opportunity t o check t h e very high frequency (VHP) ranging device aboard t h e CSM which s e r v e s as a backup t o t h e LM rendezvous r a d a r , The Apollo 10 mission p r o f i l e provides f u e l and o t h e r consumable reserves i n t h e rsrl. t h a t are g r e a t e r t h a n those planned f o r t h e first LM t o land on t h e Moon. The l u n a r landing mission i s t h e "design mission" f o r t h e Apollo s p a c e c r a f t , and such a mission has smaller although adequate margins of r e s e r v e consumable~. From l i f t o f f through descent o r b i t i n s e r t i o n , Apollo 10 f o l l o w s c l o s e l y t h e t r a j e c t o r y and time l i n e t h a t w i l l be flown i n t h e landing miss4on. Following t h e eight-mile pericynthion, t h e p r o f i l e c l o s e l y simulates t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f l u n a r o r b i t rendezvous af t a r a landing. �The May 18 launch d a t e w i l l produce l i g h t i n g conditions on Apollo S i t e 2 similar t o those t h a t w i l l be present f o r t h e landing mission. A t t h e low i n c l i n a t i o n t o be flown on Apollos 10 and 11 about 1,2 degrees r e l a t i v e t o the lunar equator-Apollo landing S i t e 3 can be photographed and o p t i c a l l y tracked by t h e crew of Agollo 10 i n addition t o t h e p ~ i m eS i t e 2. -- S i t e 1 waa photographed by Apollo 8 i n last December's lunar o r b i t mission and, together with t h e two s i t e s t o be covered i n Apollo 10, photographic, tracking and s i t e a l t i t u d e data on three s i t e s w i l l be in hand. Among the Apollo 10 obJectlves i s the gathering of a d d i t i o n a l Manned Space F l i g h t Network (MSFN) tracking data on vehicles i n lunslr alpbit. While MSFN experience i n tracking Apollo 8 w i l l benefit Apollo 10, t h e r e a r e s t i l l some uncert a i n t i e s , For example, t h e r e is s t i l l some lack of knowledge as t o what t h e exact lunar p o t e n t i a l o r g r a v i t y f i e l d i s and how it a f f e o t s an orbiting, spacecraft. I n tracking Apollo 8, downtrack, o r o r b i t a l timing e r r o r s projected ahead two revolutions were 30,000 f e e t , and o r b i t a l radtus measurements r e l a t i v e t o t h e center of t h e Moon were off 5,500 f e e t . MSFN tracking can produce accurate position and velocity information i n r e a l time while a spacecraft i s " i n view" from t h e Earth and not occulGed by the Moon, but landing and rendezvous operations w i l l require accurate pred i c t i o n s of p e s i t i o n and velocity several revolutions i n advance of t h e e v m t , The lunar p o t e n t i a l apparently a f f e c t s an o r b i t i n g spacecraft d i f f e r e n t l y depending upon o r b i t a l i n c l i n a t i o n and a l t i t u d e . Apollo 10 w i l l be flown on t h e same i n c l i n a t i o n t o the lunar equator a s the landing mission and w i l l provide iflormation f o r refining prediction techniques. Apollo 8 p o s t f l i g h t a n a l y s i s has produced modifications t o tracking a& position prediction techniques which should reduce downtrack e r r o r s t o 3,000 feet and a l t i t u d e e r r o r s t o l,lC00 f e e t . Apollo 10 w i l l allow mission planners t o p e r f e c t techniques developed as a r e s u l t of Apollo 8 tracking a n a l y s i s , Other space navigation benefits from Apollo 10 w i l l ha gained from combinin$ onboard spacecraft lunar landmark tracking data with ISSFN tracking and from evaluating present lunar landing site maps a t close v i s u a l and camera ranges. �Additionally, LEI descent and ascent engine burns will be monitored by HSFN stations for developing useful techniques for tracking powered Pllgbt in future miaslons. �APOLLO 10 COUNTDOWN The clock for t h e Apollo 10 countdown w i l l start a t T-28 hours, with a six--hour built-in-hold planned a t T-9 hours, p r i o r t o launch v e h i c l e p r o p e l l a n t loading. The countdown i s preceded by a pre-count operation t h a t begins some 4 days before launch. During t h i s e r i o d t h e t a s k s include mechanical buildup of both t h e comandAervice module and Uvl, f u e l c e l l a c t i v a t i o n and s e r v i c i n g and loading of t h e super c r i t i c a l helium aboard t h e LM descent stage. A 5% hour built-in-hold i s scheduled between t h e end of t h e pre-count and start of t h e f i n a l countdown. Pollowing are same of t h e h i g h l i g h t s of t h e f i n a l count: T-28 h r s . O f f l c i a l countdown starts T-27 h r s . 30 mins. I n s t a l l launch v e h i c l e f l i g h t b a t t e r i e s ( t o 23 h r s . 30 mins.) LM stowage and cabin closeout ( t o 15 firs.) T-21 hrs. Top off LM super c r i t i c a l helium ( t o 19 hrs ) . Launch v e h i c l e range s a f e t y checks 15 hrs .) (to T-11 hrs. 30 mlns. I n s t a l l launch v e h i c l e d e s t r u c t devices ( t o 10 hrs. 45 mins,) ~ommand/service module pre-ingress operations T-10 h r s . S t a r t mobile s e r v i c e s t r u c t u r e move t o park s i t e T-9 hrs . S t a r t s i x hour built-in-hold T-9 h r s . counting Clear b l a s t a r e a f o r p r o p e l l a n t loading T-8 hrs. 30 mins. Astronaut backup crew t o s p a c e c r a f t f o r prelaunch checks T-8 ~ P S *15 mins. Launch Vehicle p r o p e l l a n t loading, t h r e e s t a g e s ( l i q u i d oxygen i n first stage) l i q u i d oxygen and l i q u i d hydrogen i n second, t h i r d stages. Continues t h r u T-3 hrs. 38 mins. �T-5 h r s , F l i g h t crew alerted T-4 hrs. 45 mins , Medical examination T-4 hrs, 15 mins. Breakfast T-3 hrs, 45 mins. Don space s u i t s T-3 h r s , 30 mins* Depart Manned Spacecraft Operations Buildi n g for LC-39 v i a crew transfer van T-3 hrs. 14 m i n s . Arrive a t LC-39 T-3 hrs. 10 a n s . Enter Elevator t o spacecraft l e v e l T-2 hrs. b mins. Start f l l g h t crew ingress T-1 h r . 55 mins. Mission Control Center-Houston/spacecraft cornmad checks T-1 hr. 50 mins, Abort advisory system checks T-1hr, 46 mins. Space vehicle Ebergency Detection System T-43 mins. Retrack Apollo access arm t o standby p o s i t i o n (12 degrees) T-42 mins, Ann launch escape system T-40 mins, Final launch v e h i c l e range safety checks (to 35 mins, ) T-30 mins, Launch v e h l c l e power t r a n s f e r test ( ~ m tiest ) LM switch over t o internal power T-20 mins. Shutdown U l o p e r a t i o n a l instrumentation T-15 mins, Spacecraft t o i n t e r n a l power T-6 rnins. Space v e h i c l e f i n a l s t a t u s checks to T-10 rnlns. T-5 mins. 30 set, Am d e s t r u c t system T-5 mins. Apollo access arm fully retracted T-3 mins. 10 sec, I n i t i a t e f i r i n g command (automatic sequencer) T-50 see. Launch v e h i c l e t r a n a f e r to i n t e r n a l power �T-8.9 see. Ignition sequence start A l l engines running Liftoff *Note: Some ckianges i n the above countdown are possible as a r e s u l t of experience gained i n the Countdown Demonstration T e s t (C9M') which occurs about 10 days before launch. �lUCSSION TRAJECPORY AND BUUEWER DESCRIPTION Q Note; Information presented herein is based upon a May 1 launch and is subject t o change p r i o r ta the mission or i n real time during the mission t o meet changing conditions,) Iaunch Apollo 10 vdll be launched fran Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B on a launch azimuth that can vary from 7 2 degrees to 108 degrees, depending upon the t3me of day of launch, The azimuth changes with time of day t o perfnit a fuel-optimum injection frm Earth paI?king o r b i t i n t o a free-return circumlunar trajectory, O t h e r factors influencing thelaunch windows are a daylight launch and proper Sun angles on lunar landing sites. The planned Apollo 10 launch date of Hay 18 w i l l c a l l f o r l i f t o f f a t 12:49 p.m. Efi on a launch azimuth of 72 degrees, Insertion i n t o a 100-nautical-=mile circular Earth parking o r b i t w i l l occur at 11 mlrmtes 53 seconds ground elapsed frun launch (GET), and t h e resultant o r b i t will be,inclZnd 32.5 degrees to the Earth's equator. �FLIGHT PROFILE TRANSEARTH lNJECTlON BURN CSM/LM SEPARATION LM PI-IASING BURN EARTH PARKING ORBIT CSM60N.MI. S-IVB RESTART CSM 60 DURING 2ND OR 3RD ORBIT CM SPLASHDOWN & RECOVERY S-IVB 2ND BURN CUTOFF TRANSLUNAR INJECTiON -IVB RESIDUAL / S/C SEPAR~TION', TRANSPOSITION, DOCKING & EJECTION (SLINGSHOT) 60 N.M. LUNAR OF . LUNAR ORBlT ClRCUlARIZATION �SPACE VEHICLE LAUNCH EVENTS/WEIGH!?'S Hrs. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 i! 0 3 CC I 00 00 00 00 Time Min. 00 (-)08.9 00 00 12 00 21 01 92 32 02 02 . Altitude Sec. 15 40 41 42 11 03 03 03 07 09 09 09 16 21 39 14 15 18 11 11 43 53 : Event : Ignition F i r s t Motion T i l t Initiation Maximum Dynamic Pressure Center Engine Cutoff Outboard Engines Cutoff S-IC/S-II Separation S-I1 I g n i t i o n S-11 A f t I n t e r s t a g e J e t t i s o n LES J e t t i s o n I n i t i a t e IGM S-I1 Center Engine Cutoff S-I1 Outboard Engines Cutoff S-II/S-IVB Separation S-IVB I g n i t i o n S-IVB F i r s t Cutoff Parking O r b i t I n s e r t i o n Naut ~ e l o c l t y 'deight : Pounds M i . : Knots 0 .OO 0 .033 0.12 7 24 35 36 37 49 51 53 97 102 102 102 103 103 0 "0 *3 1554 3888 5324 5343 5335 5581 5642 5701 10977 13427 13434 13434 15135 15139 6,499,016 6,412,918 . I ) 985 2,43;, 1,842,997 1,465,702 1,465,123 -.. . I , 644,128 471,494 364,429 364,343 295,153 295,008 *First two v e l o c i t i e s are space f i x e d , Others are inertial v e l o c i t i e s . Vehicle on launch pad has i n e r t i a l v e l o c i t y of 408.5 meters p e r second (793.7 knots). The above figures a r e based on a launch azimuth of 72 degrees. a l l g h t l y f o r o t h e r azimuths. Figures w i l l vary �Apollo 10 l i e s i a n Events Event - Qmund Elapsed Time hr8:rIn: 8eC Date 6c lima v Purpose and (Resultant Orbit) Insertion into 100 nm c i r o u l a r EM. Insertion Injection i n t o free-return translunar traJectory with 60 arn pericynthion. CSH separatio?:, docking ?Iard-mating Ejection from SLA Separates CSM-LbI Prom S-IVB/ SLA. SPS evasive maneuver Frovides separation p r i o r t o f-IVE propellant dump and slingshotn mBnBuver. 6 lidcourse 2 correction No. 1 ' ,Midcourse correction No. 2 TJd +9 hrs. % +24 I &a. Ridcourse cormction No. 3 LC1 -22 h r s , Mldcour~ecorrection No. 4 LO1 -5 hre. Of CSM and LSI. * These midcourse corrections have a nomlnal velocity change of 0 fps, but w i l l be c a l culated in r e a l time t o eorr e c t 'PLIT: dispersions. LQCC-3 w i l l have a plane change component t o achieve desired lunar o r b i t Inclination. Lunar Orbit Insertion No. 1 I n s e r t s Apollo 10 i n t o 60x170 nm e l l i p t i c a l lunar o r b i t . huuw Orbit InsertSon No. 2 Circularizes lunar parking o r b i t t o 60 nm. CSlrI-IX undoaklng; separation Establishes equiperiod o r b i t f o r 2 nm separation (mini~ootball). Descent o r b i t insertion (DPB) Lower LH pericynthion t o eight nm (8x60). (SM RCS) , g I �Xvent - Date & The Purpose and (Resultant Orbit1 7Enr) DPS phasing bum Raises JN apocynthlon to 194 nm, allows OSM t o ass a d overt* (8x197. AP8 Insertion gum Siaulates I . ascent I n t o lunar o r b i t a f t e r landing (8~43.6). LH RCS concentria sequenae ini:late (CSI) burit Raises M pericynthion t o 46.2 nm, adjusts o r b i t a l shape f o r rendeevms sequence (42. w46.2) Radially dowmard bum adJusts IA t o constant 15 nm below CSH. 1l1 RCS conatant d e l t a height (om)burn 6 L1I RCS terminal phase 7 (WI) h r n Initiate . I1I thTYLsts along l i a a - O f - s&ht t o w a r d CSM, mldoourse and braking manepvors, a s neoessam. m0-W ~ b s f e back r to E)SM (about 107 om). APS burn ta depletion Poaigrade APS depletion bum near I# perloynthion i g j e c t s X.#l asoent s t q e into heliooentrla orbit. Transearth injection (%I) SP8 bum ~ n j e a t sCSM into Slf-hour transearth t r a j e a t a q . I 5 �Ground Elapsed Tiae hmr:mlm: see Bate h Tirw, (EBT) Midcourse correction Ilo. 5 !fSI +15 hrs. 5/24 5: 09 gas Midoaur~ecorrrrution XQ. 6 m e -~15 ~hrs. 5/25 5: 39 pas Xidcourse oorreotion Ha. 7 &try 5/26 5: 39 w WS?! reparation Entry Interface (400,680 feet) - 3 ~lrs. Parpose and (lle~)ulbntOrbit) -- * Tmwearth mLdoourse earrootloma w i l l be omin real tlma for entry oomidor contwl and for adjusting landing poiat to avoid recover~r area foul weather. Reentry condition. got4 Command module enters BartR(a aenaible ataosphere a t 36,310 fps. an ding: 1,285 na domrsly. iFo1p entry, 15 degree8 seven airmtas South latitude x 165 degrees West longitude. �The crew f o r t h e first t i m e w i l l have a backup t o launch v e h i c l e guidance d u r i n g powered f l i g h t , If t h e S a t u r n i n s t r u ment u n i t i n e r t i a l platform f a i l s , t h e crew can switch guidance t o the command module computer f o r f i r s t - s t a g e powered f l i g h t automatic c o n t r o l . Second and t h i r d stage backup guidance i s through manual takeover i n which command module hand c o n t r o l l e r i n p u t s a r e f e d through t h e command module computer t o t h e Saturn instrument u n i t , Apollo 10 w i l l remain i n E a r t h parking o r b i t f o r one-andone-half r e v o l u t i o n s a f t e r i n s e r t i o n and w i l l hold a l o c a l h o r i z o n t a l a t t i t u d e d u r i n g t h e e n t i r e period. The crew w i l l p e r f o m s p a c e c r a f t s stems checks i n p r e p a r a t i o n f o r t h e t r a n s l u n a r i n j e c t i o n (TLI burn. The f i n a l "go" f o r the TLI burn w i l l be given t o t h e crew through t h e Carnarvon, A u s t r a l i a , Manned Space F l i g h t Network s t a t i o n , 3 Midway through t h e second r e v o l u t i o n i n Earth parking o r b i t , t h e S-IVB t h i r d - s t a g e engine w i l l r e i g n i t e a t two hours 33 minuees 26 seconds Ground Elapsed Time (GET) over f i u s t r a l i a t o i n j e c t Apollo 1 0 toward t h e Moon, The v e l o c i t y w i l l i n c r e a s e f p s ) t o 35,651 f p s a t TLI c u t o f f from 25,593 feet-per-second a v e l o c i t y i n c r e a s e of 1O,O5 f p s , The TLI burn w i l l p l a c e t h e s p a c e c r a f t on a f r e e - r e t u r n circumlunar t r a j e c t o r y f rorn which midcourse c o r r e c t i o n s could be made with t h e SM r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l system t h r u s t e r . Splashdown f o r a f r e e - r e t u r n t r a j e c t o r y would be a t 6:37 porn4 EDT May 24 a t 24.9 degrees South l a t i t u d e by 84,3 degrees E a s t l o n g i t u d e a f t e r a f l i g h t time of 149 hours and 49 minutes, -- Q Transposition, Docking and E j e c t i o n (TM) A t about t h r e e hours a f t e r l i f t o f f and 25 minutes a f t e r t h e TLI burn, t h e Apollo 1 0 crew w i l l s e p a r a t e t h e command/ s e r v i c e module from t h e s p a c e c r a f t l u n a r module a d a p t e r (SLA), thmst o u t away from t h e S-IVB, t u r n around and move back i n f o r docking w i t h t h e l u n a r module. Docking should t a k e place a t about t h r e e hours and t e n minutes GET, and a f t e r t h e crew c o n f i m s a l l docking l a t c h e s s o l i d l y engaged, they w i l l connect t h e CSM-to-W u m b i l i c a l s and p r e s s u r i z e t h e LM with t h e command module surge tank. A t about 4:09 GET, docked s p a c e c r a f t w i l l be e j e c t e d from t h e s p a c e c r a f t LM a d a p t e r by s p r i n g d e v i c e s a t the four landing g e a r " k n e e H a t t a c h p o i n t s , The e j e c t i o n springs w i l l i m p a r t abput one fps v e l o c i t t o t h e s p a c e c r a f t . A 19.7 f p s s e r v i c e propulsion system (SPS e v a s i v e maneuver i n plane a t 4:29 GET w i l l s e p a r a t e t h e s p a c e c r a f t t o a s a f e d i s t a n c e f o r t h e S-IVB " s l i n g s h o t " maneuver i n which r e s i d u a l l i q u i d p r o p e l l a n t s w i l l be dumped through t h e 3-2 engine b e l l t o propel t h e s t a g e i n t o a t r a j e c t o r y passing behind t h e Moon's t r a i l i n g edge and on i n t o s o l a r o r b i t . T �SPACE VEHICLE EARTH PARKING ORBIT CONFIGURATION (SATURN V THIRD STAGE AND INSTRUMENT UNIT, APOLLO SPACECRAFT) �0 10 LUNAR ORB I T INSERTION LUNAR ORB I T 20 80 30 40 50 60 70 90 100 TRANSEARTH 'INJECTION 110 120 130 140 150 LAUNCH 160 170 180 193 200 SPLASHDOWN GROUND ELAPSED TlME (HOURS) SPACECRAFT ALTITUDE VS. T l M E �': 25 VELOCITY3 (MPH x 10 10 36 24 VELOC ITY (FTISEC) (lo3, , 5 0 0 0 40 80 120 160 200 TRANSLUNAR VELOCITY PROFILE 240 �POST TLI TIMELINE T L I + 2 0 SEC -:ORBIT RATE T L I + 2 5 MlN SC INITIAL SEPARATION (1 F P S ) T L I t 2 7 MIN NULL SEPARATION RATE AND PITCH TO DOCKING ATTITUDE LM WITHDRAWAL -20 FPS �T r a n s l u n a r Csast Up t o f o u r midcourse c o r r e c t i o n burns a r e planned d u r i n g t h e t r a n s l u n a r c o a s t phase, depending upon the accuracy of t h e t r a j e c t o r y r e s u l t i n g from the TLI maneuver. If required; the midcourse c o r r e c f i o n burns are planned a t TLI +g hours, TLI +24 hours, l u n a r o r b i t i n s e r t i o n (LOI) -22 hours and LOX -5 hours. During c o a s t p e r i o d s between midcourse c o r r e c t i o n s , t h e s p a c e c r a f t w i l l be i n t h e p a s s i v e thermal c o n t r o l (PTC) o r "barbecue" mode i n which t h e s p a c e c r a f t w i l l r o t a t e s l o w l y about one a x i s t o s t a b i l i z e s p a c e c r a f t thermal r e s p o n s e s p a c s t o t h e continuous s o l a r exposure. Midcourse c o r r e c t i o n s 1 and 2 w l l l n o t normally be made u n l e s s the p r e d i c t e d Mission Control Center 3 v e l o c i t y change i s g r e a t e r t h a n 25 feet-per-second. Lunar O r b i t I n s e r t i o n (WI) The f i r s t of two l u n a r o r b i t i n s e r t i o n burns w i l l be made a t 75:45:43 GET a t a n a l t i t u d e of 89 lllg above t h e Moon, LOI-1 w i l l have a nominal r e t r o g r a d e v e l o c i t y change of 2,974 f p s and w i l l i n s e r t Apollo 10 i n t o a 60x170-nm e l l i p t i c a l l u n a r o r b i t . LOI-2 two o r b i t s l a t e r a t 80:10:45 GET w i l l c3.r- c u l a r i z e t h e o r b i t t o 60 nm. The burn w i l l be 138.5 f p s r e t r o grade. Both LO1 maneuvers w i l l be w i t h t h e SPS engine n e a r p e r i c y n t h i o n when t h e s p a c e c r a f t i s behind t h e Moon and o u t of c o n t a c t w i t h MSPN s t a t i o n s . Lunar Parking O r b i t (LPO) and IN-Active Rendezvous Apollo 1 0 w i l l remain i n l u n a r o r b i t about 61.5 hours, and I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e LEP d e s c e n t t o eight n a u t i c a l m i l e s above t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e and subsequent rendezvous w i t h t h e CSM, e x t e n s i v e l u n a r landnark tracking t a s k s w i l l be performed by t h e crew, Following a r e s t period a f t e r t h e l u n a r o r b i t c i r c u l a r i z a t i o n , t h e LH w i l l be manned by t h e command and l u n a r module p i l o t and p r e p a r a t i o n s begun f o r undocking a t 98:10 GET. Some 25 minutes of s t a t i o n keeping and CSM i n s p e c t i o n of the IM will be followed by a 2.5 f p s r a d i a l l y downward SM RCS maneuver, plati n g t h e I24 and CSM i n e q u i e r i o d o r b i t s w i t h a maximum s e p a r a t i o n A t t h e midpoint of t h e m i n i f o o t b a l l , of two m i l e s ( m i n i f o p t b a l l the descent propulsion system (DPs) w i l l be f i r e d r e t r o g r a d e 71 f p s a t 99:34 GET f o r t h e descent o r b i t i n s e r t i o n (DOI) t o lower LM p e r i c y n t h i o n t o e i g h t miles. The DPS engine w i l l be f i r e d a t 10 p e r c e n t t h r o t t l e s e t t i n g f o r 1 5 seconds and a t 40 p e r c e n t f o r 13 seconds, 7. �LUNAR ORBIT INSERTION 101- 1 LO1 - 2 I EARTH EARTH �LUNAR ORBIT ACTIVITIES LM A C T I V E RENDEZVOUS LM C ; O AND LANDMARK S RN 31 I SEP PHAS STRl P PHOTO 1 AND 2 T g . 0. 33 I h) 0 d 4 LANDMARK TRACKING I I TEI STRIP PHOTO 3 �24.5 DEG PlTCH DOWN FROM LOCAL HORIZONTAL OVER LANDMARK 2 DEG PITCH DOWN FROM LOCAL HORIZONTAL BEGIN 0.3 DEGPEC PITCH DOWN AT A05 'a PITCH DOWN 47 DEG FROM AT, = 296 SEC - a T 2 40 SEC AT3 = 25 SEC A Tq = 25 SEC AOS TO LOS = 3 MIN TOTAL I C S M / L M TYPICAL L A N D M A R K T R A C K I N G PROFILE �APOLLO 10 RENDEZVOUS SEQUENCE �COMPARISON OF F A N D G LM OPERATIONS PHASE RENDEZVOUS MANEUVERS UNDOCKING ilNG I I \ SEPARATION F UNDOCKING G RENDEZVOUS DOCKING INSER LM LIFTOFF RENDEZVOUS MANEUVERS k 8 �@lLM (DO1 DESCENT ORB IT INSERTION MANEUVER I MSFN AOS MSFN LOS SURFACE DARKNESS SC DARKNESS Ib 0 '? T + k/ -, \ (DO11 ' ~ ~ ~ ~ FAND + ~BEHIND '. :TSEPARATION ~ I R E C T I Ok+ N OF MOTION I\ I MOTION OF ~ o ~ "PL1.8 N. MI. / t EARTH LM RELATIVE TO CSM MOON CSM/LM SEPARATION MANEUVER �LUNAR MODULE DESCENT ORBIT INSERTION @ LM DESCENT ORB I T INSERTION (DO1 MANUEVER, RETROGRADE, DP,~S TO d C1 0 I 200 N. MI. I -a LM BELOW A N D AHEAD 1 - 1- LM BELOW -a (PHASING) LANDING SITE 54 000 FT. \ ABOVE LANDING SITE RAD IUS MOON �ORBIT RATE (0.05 DEG/sEC PITCH DOWN) FROM -400 to 200 FROM PERlCYTHlON O€iSERW CANDING SITE (PHOTOGRAPIO CHECKOUT LANDING O8SERVE LUNAR YAW RIGHT180 DEG AND plrcn up NEAR LUNAR SURFACE ACTIVITY MANEUVER 10 RIASlNG BURNATTITUDE �A s t h e W passes over Apollo landing S i t e 2, t h e IN landing radar w i l l be t e s t e d i n t h e a l t i t u d e mode but not i n descent r a t e , About 10 minutes a f t e r t h e pass over S i t e 2, t h e 195 f p s DPS phasing burn a t 100:46 GET w i l l boost t h e IM i n t o an 8x194-nm o r b i t t o allow the CSM t o overtake and pass t h e M , The phasing burn i s posigrade and t h e DPS engine is f i r e d a t 10 per cent t h r o t t l e f o r 26 seconds and f u l l t h r o t t l e f o r 17 seconds, The phasing burn places t h e LM i n a l'dwellll o r b i t which allows t h e CSN t o overtake and pass t h e LPI s o that a t t h e second LM passes over S i t e 2, t h e I24 w i l l t r a i l t h e CSM by 27 nm and w i l l be i n a proper p o s i t i o n f o r t h e i n s e r t i o n maneuver simulating ascent from t h e l u n a r surface a f t e r a landing mission, P r i o r t o t h e 207-fps M ascent engine retrograde i n s e r t i o n burn, the Ilvl descent s t a g e w i l l be j e t t i s o n e d and an evasive maneuver perfo~medby t h e ascent stage t o prevent recontact. The i n s e r t i o n burn w i l l be made a t 102:43 CIET and w i l l lower LM apocynthion t o 44.9 nra s o t h a t t h e LM i s 14.7 nin below and 148 rn behind t h e CSM a t t h e time of t h e concentric sequence i n i t i a t e (CSI) burn. Following IM radar tracking of t h e CSM and onboard computation of t h e CSI maneuver, a 50.5 f p s IM RCS posigrade burn w i l l be made a t a nominal time of 103:33 GET a t apocynthion and all l ~ g s u l ti n a 44.9~44.3-nm fM o r b i t , The IEI RCS w i l l draw from t h e LM ascent propulsion system (BPS) propellant tanks through t h e interconnect valves. A 3.4 f p s r a d i a l l y downward U l RCS constant d e l t a height (cDH) maneuver a t 104:31 GET w i l l place t h e W on a c o e l l i p t i c o r b i t 15 nm below that of t h e CSM and w i l l set up conditions f o r t h e terminal phase i n i t i a t e (TPI) burn 38 minutes l a t e r , The T P I maneuver w i l l be made when t h e CSM i s a t a 26,6degree e l e v a t i o n angle above t h e M a s l o c a l h o r i z o n t a l following continuing r a d a r tracking of t h e CSM and onboard computations for t h e maneuver. Nominally, t h e T P I burn w i l l be a 24.6-fps LM RCS burn along t h e l i n e of s i g h t toward t h e CSM a t 105:09 GET. Midcourse c o r r e c t i o n and braking maneuvers w i l l place the XM and CSM i n a rendezvous and station-keeping p o s i t i o n , and docking should take place a t 106:20 GET t o complete a eight-and-a-half hour sequence of undocked a c t i v i t i e s . After t h e commander and lunar. module p i l o t have t r a n s f e r r e d i n t o t h e CSM, the IM.w i l l be j e t t i s o n e d and t h e CSM w i l l maneuver 2 fps r a d i a l l y upward t o move above and behind the IN a t the t i m e of the W a s c e n t propulsion system burn t o propellant d e p l e t i o n a t 108:39 GET. �LUNAR MODULE PHASING MANEUVER I N. MI. I MOON U\A PHAS ING MANEUVER DPS- FULL THROTTLE LANDING S ITE �LUNAR MODULE INSERTION MANEUVER MSFN I 147 270 N.MI. N. MI. I n I \ 15 N. MI.--/ I (CSI) I MSFN AOS I I (RETROGRADE, APS) \ \ .-4 I --I 51 . I MOON N. ;O *L MI. / @ LM INSERTION MANEUVER INSERTION �LUNAR MODULE CONCENTRIC SEQUENCE INITIATION MANEUVER @cs I MANEUVER ,/-0>. .. / \ 4 ; . - 4 15 - N. MI. '\ MSFN LOS / I / 1 I 147 N. MI. \ (CSI) \\ '15 N.MI~,&, ( T P(CDH) I) AOSt MOON I / ,/ �LUNAR MODULE CONSTANT DIFFERENTIAL HEIGHT AND TERMINAL PHASE MANEUVERS RENDEZVOUS AND @ T P I MANEUVER (MIDPOINT OF DARKNESS) LM RCS 8 cj (0 I BRAKING I -45 75 N. MI. 30 N. M I . 1 I I MINI \ 1\\, 15 N MI \26.b0 TPI LOOK ANGLE TO CSM 36 MIN CDH I-@ CDH MANEUVER �The burn w i l l be ground-coamanded, An estiwated 3,837-Pps posigrade v e l o c i t y w i l l be imparted by t h e APS d e p l e t i o n burn near Uf pericynthion t o place t h e IN a s c e n t s t a g e i n a h e l l o centric orbit, h a d d i t i o n a l 29 hours w i l l be spent i n l u n a r o r b i t before t r a n s e a r t h i n j e c t i o n while t h e crew conducts l u n a r landmark t r a c k i n g t a s k s and makes photographs of Apollo landing sites. TransearBh I n j e c t i o n (TEI) The 54-hour r e t u r n t r i p t o Earth begins a t 137:20 GET when the SPS engine i s f i r e d 3622.5 fps posigrade f o r the TEI burn, L i k e LOI-1 and LOI-2, t h e T E I burn w i l l be made when t h e s p a c e c r a f t i s behind the Moon and out of touch w i t h MSFN s t a t i o n s . Transearth Coast Three c o r r i d o r - c o n t r o l t r a n s e a r t h midcourse c o r r e c t i o n b u m s w i l l be made i f needed: MCC-5 a t TEI +35 hours, MCC-6 a t entry interface (EI=400,000 f e e t ) -15 hours and a t E I -3 hours, Entry, Laodine Apollo 10 w i l l encounter t h e E a r t h ' s atmosphere (400,000 f e e t ) a t 191:50 GET a t a v e l o c i t y of 36,310 f p s and w i l l land some 1,285 nm downrange from t h e e n t r y - i n t e r f a c e p o i n t using the s p a c e c r a f t ' s l i f t i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t o reach t h e landing p o i n t . Touchdown w i l l be a t l92:O5 GET a t 15 degrees 7 minutes South l a t i t u d e by 165 degrees West longitude. �EARTH ENTRY ENTRY RANGE CAPABILITY * NOMINAL ENTRY RANGE - 1200 TO 2500 N. MI. - 1 2 8 5 N. MI. SHORT RANGE SELECTED FOR NOMINAL MISSION BECAUSE: e RANGE FROM ENTRY TO lANDlNG CAN B E SAME FOR PRIMARY AND BACKUP CONTROL MOPES PRIMARY MODE EASIER TO MONITOR WITH SHORT RANGE WEATHER AVOIDANCE, WITHIN ONE DAY PRIOR TO ENTRY, I S ACHIEVED USING ENTRY RANGING CAPABILITY TO 2500 N. MI. UP TO ONE DAY PRIOR TO ENTRY USE PROPULSION SYSTEM TO CHANGE LANDING POINT r: E' t �VELOCITY AT ENTRY INTERFACE 36.5 x l o 3 LAUNCH W INDOW CLOSED VELOC l TY 4 2I LAUNCH WI NDOW OPEN (FPS 18 20 24 L A U N C H D A T E (MAY) 23 25 �GEODETIC ALTITUDE VERSUS RANGE TO GO 400 NOTE: T I M E T I C K E D E V E R Y 1/2 MLN FROM E N T R Y INTERFACE ENTER S-BAND BLACKOUT 320 240 A3 8 88 h) 0 8 ALTITUDE (1000 FT) 160 E*XIT S-BAND BLACKOUT DROGUE PARACHUTE DEPLOYMENT 80 MAIN PARACHUTE DEPLOYMEN TOUCHDOWN. 0 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 R A N G E TO SPLASHDOWN, (Nautical Miles) 0 �DROGUE CHUTES PILOT CHUTES CHUTE SPLASH DOWN VELOCITIES: 3 CHUTES 2 CHUTES - 31 FT/SEC - 36 FT/ SEC - _ - - -- AFTER TOUCHDOWM -- -- - - -- - - - E A R T H RE-ENTRY AND LANDING �ACTIVITY D A Y 1 REST PERIODS DATE/DAY' ED7 LUNAR REVOLUTION N O . 1 GET 0 1 8 12 12 6 16 20 24 28 6 24 32 36 40 12 44 - I Q 18 52 56 60 I MAY 21 -WEDNESDAY 24 6 64 12:so 68 1 4 LO1 D A Y I MAY 20 -TUESDAY I8 I 3 2 MAY I 9 MONDAY 24 IS 4 - - - MAY SUNDAY I8 12 48 APOLLO 10 SUMMARY FLIGHT PLAN n 18-50 74 I 2 76 78 6 - THURSDAY I I 1MO 18 6 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 80 82 84 86 88 w 92 94 96 $0 IW 102 IM 106 la, 110 19 112 20 I14 12254 21 116 :8 i 22 23 24 118 ~ z o 122 a? 26 I 4 1% M A Y 24 24 v 28 128 130 29 132 I 7 TEl D A Y I MAY 23 -FRIDAY 24 - - I I MAY 22 24 - :6 5 DO1 DAY - M 134 31 136 I SATURDAY 1250 b 1 8 I8 MAY 25 24 6 - SUNDAY 12 I 9 18 10 MAY 26 -MONDAY 24 6 12.52 32 138 YO I42 144 148 152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 I84 I@ 192 LM MANEUVER DATA 81. 15.6 SEC AV: 24.6 FPS NO ULLAGE LM (SNOOPY) (CHARLIE BROWN) C S M MANEUVER D A T A 1-5 �RECOVERY OPERATIONS The primary recovery l i n e f o r Apollo 10 i s i n t h e mtdP a c i f i c a l o n g t h e 175th West meridian of longitude above 15 degrees North l a t i t u d e , and jogging t o 165 degrees West l o n g i t u d e below t h e Equator. The h e l i c o p t e r c a r r i e r USS P r i n c e t o n , Apollo 10 prime recovery v e s s e l , w3 11 be s t a t i o n e d n e a r t h e end-of-mission aiming p o i n t . Splashdown f o r a f u l l - d u r a t i o n l u n a r o r b i t mission launched on time May 18 w i l l be a t 5 d e g r e e s 8 minutes South by 165 degrees West a t a ground e l a p s e d time o f 192 hours 5 minutes. The l a t i t u d e o f splashdown depends upon t h e time of t h e t r a n s e a r t h i n j e c t i o n burn and t h e d e c l i n a t i o n o f t h e Moon a t t h e t i m e o f t h e burn. A s p a c e c r a f t r e t u r n i n g from a l u n a r f l i g h t w i l l e n t e r E a r t h ' s atmosphere and s p l a s h down a t a p o i n t on E a r t h d i r e c t l y o p p o s i t e t h e Moon. T h i s p o i n t , c a l l e d t h e a n t i p o d e , i s a p r o j e c t i o n of a l i n e from t h e c e n t e r o f t h e Moon through t h e c e n t e r o f t h e Earth t o t h e s u r f a c e o p p o s i t e t h e Moon. The mid-Pacific recovery l i n e r o t a t e s through t h e a n t i p o d e once each 24 hours, and t h e t r a n s E a r t h i n j e c t i o n burn w i l l be t a r g e t e d f o r splashdown along t h e p r i m s y recovery l i n e . Other planned recovery l i n e s f o r a deep-space mission a r e t h e E a s t P a c i f i c l i n e extending roughly p a r a l l e l t o t h e c o a s t l i n e s o f North and South America; t h e A t l a n t i c Ocean l i n e running a l o n g t h e 3 0 t h West meridian i n t h e n o r t h e r n hemisphere and a l o n g t h e 2 5 t h West meridian I n t h e s o u t h e r n hemisphere; t h e I n d i a n Ocean l i n e a l o n g t h e 6 5 t h E a s t meridian; and t h e West P a c i f i c l i n e along t h e 150th East meridian i n t h e n o r t h e r n hemisphere and jogglng t o t h e 170th E a s t meridian i n t h e s o u t h e r n hemisphere. Secondary landing areas f o r a p o s s i b l e Earth o r b i t a l a l t e r n a t e mission have been e s t a b l i s h e d i n two zones--one i n t h e P a c i f i c and one i n t h e A t l a n t i c . Launch a b o r t landing areas extend downrange 3,400 n a u t i c a l m i l e s from Kennedy Space C e n t e r , fanwise 50 n a u t i c a l m i l e s above and below t h e l i m i t s o f t h e v a s i a b l e launch azimuth ( 7 2 degrees 107 d e g r e e s ) . Ships on s t a t i o n i n t h e launch a b o r t a r e a w i l l be t h e d e s t r o y e r USS Rich, t h e i n s e r t i o n t r a c k i n g s h i p USNS Vanguard and t h e a t t a c k t r a n s p o r t USS C h i l t o n . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e primary recovery v e s s e l steaming up and down t h e mid-Pacific recovery l i n e and s u r f a c e v e s s e l s on t h e A t l a n t i c Ocean recovery l i n e and i n t h e launch a b o r t a r e a , 14 HC-130 a i r c r a f t w i l l be on standby a t seven s t a g i n g bases around t h e Earth: Guam, Pago Pago, American Samoa; H a w a i i , Bermuda; L a j e s , Azores; Ascension I s l a n d ; M a u r i t i u s and t h e Panama Canal Zone. �Apollo 10 recovery operations w i l l be d i r e c t e d from t h e Recovery Operations Control Room i n t h e Mission Control Center and w i l l be supported by t h e A t l a n t i c Recovery Control Center, Worfolk, Va., and t h e P a c i f i c Recovery Control Center, Kunla, H a w a i i . The Apollo 10 crew w i l l be flown from t h e primary r e covery v e s s e l t o t h e Manned Spacecraft Center a f t e r recovery. The s p a c e c r a f t w i l l r e c e i v e a preliminary examination, s a f i n g and power-down aboard t h e Princeton p r i o r t o offloading a t Ford I s l a n d , H a w a i i , where t h e s p a c e c r a f t w i l l undergo a more complete d e a c t i v a t i o n . It i s a n t i c i p a t e d t h a t t h e s p a c e c r a f t w i l l be flown from Ford I s l a n d t o Long Beach, C a l i f . , within 72 hours, and then trucked t o the North American Rockwell Space Division p l a n t i n Downey, Calif., f o r p o s t f l i g h t a n a l y s i s . �APOLLO 10 ALTmNATE MISSIONS Five a l t e r n a t e mission p l a n s have been prepared f o r t h e Apollo 10, each depending upon when i n t h e mission time l i n e it becomes necessary t o switch t o the a l t e r n a t e , Testing of t h e lunar module and a m - a c t i v e rendezvous i n E a r t h o r b i t a r e p r e f e r r e d over a CSM-only flyby mission. When it is impossible t o r e t u r n t o a low Earth o r b i t with rendezvous, a h i g h - e l l i p s e LM t e s t i s p r e f e r r e d over a low Earth o r b i t test. Where p o s s i b l e , Apollo 10 a l t e . r n a t e missions follow the l w r o r b i t mission time l i n e and have a d u r a t i o n of about 10 days. Apollo 10 a l t e r n a t e missions a r e summarized as follows: A l t e r n a t e 1: Early shutdown of S-IVB during TLI with r e s u l t i n g apogee l e s s than 25,000 n a u t i c a l miles, o r f a i l u r e of S-IVB t o i n s e r t s p a c e c r a f t i n t o Earth parking o r b i t and subsequent SPS contingency o r b i t i n s e r t i o n (COI), and in both cases no LM e x t r a c t i o n possible. A l t e r n a t e maneuvers would inc lude : ' * SPS phasing burn t o o b t a i n ground coverage of simulated * * Simulated L O 1 burn t o a 100x400 nm Earth o r b i t . lunar o r b i t i n s e r t i o n . Midcourse c o r r e c t i o n s t o modify o r b i t t o 90x240 nm end-of-mission e l l i p s e and t o complete SPS lunar mission duty cycle during remainder of ten-day mission. A l t e r n a t e 2: S-IW3 f a i l s during TLI burn and r e s u l t i n g apogee i s between 25,000 and 40,000 n a u t i c a l m i l e s ; no LM e x t r a c t i o n . Maneuver sequence would be: * SPS phasing burn t o o b t a i n ground coverage of simulated lunar o r b i t insertion. * * Simulated LO1 burn t o a semi-synchronous Earth o r b i t . SPS phasing maneuver t o place a l a t e r perigee over o r opposite d e s i r e d recovery zone. * SPS maneuver t o place CSM i n semi-synchronous o r b i t with a 12-hour period. * Deorbit d i r e c t l y from semi-synchronous o r b i t into Pacific recovery a r e a (ten-day mission). �Alternate No burn o r d u l l y extracted, : but TLI T L I apogee less than 4,000 mi success * * * * Simulated LO1 burn to lOOxk.lO-nm o r b i t , + IN-active rendezvous, Simulated descent o r b i t inserstion (DOI) maneuver with IN, Simulated powered descent i n i t i a t i o n (PDI) maneuver. Two SPS burns to c i r c u l a r i z e CSM orbit; t o 3-50 run. * Ground-commanded LM a s c e n t p r o p u l s i o n system (APs) b u r n t o d e p l e t i o n under abort guidance system (AGS) control, similar t o APS d e p l e t i o n burn i n Apo1l.o 9. * Additional SPS burns t o place CSM in 90x2@-nm end-ofmission e l l i p s e and t o complete SPS l u n a r mission duty cycle during remainder of ten-day mission, �A l t e r n a t e 4: E a r l y S-IVB TLI c u t o f f w i t h r e s u l t i n g apogee g r e a t e r than 4,000 nrn b u t l e s s than 10,000 nm, and c a p a b i l i t y of SPS and LM d e s c e n t propulsion system t o g e t h e r t o r e t u r n CSM-LW t o low E a r t h o r b i t without compromising CSM1s a b i l i t y t o r e s c u e LM. * SPS phasing burn t o obtain ground coverage of simulated lunar o r b i t insertion. * F i r s t docked DPS burn out-of-plane s i m u l a t e s d e s c e n t orbit insertion. * * * Second docked DPS burn s i m u l a t e s power d e s c e n t i n i t i a t i o n . * SPS burns tc c i r c u l a r i z e CSM o r b i t a t 150 + LM-active rendezvous. SPS simulated L O 1 burn. Phaslng maneuver t o o b t a i n ground coverage o f simulated powered d e s c e n t i n i t i a t i o n . ma. * Ground-commanded a s c e n t propulsion system burn t o d e p l e t i o n under a b o r t guidance system (AGS) c o n t r o l , s i m i l a r t o APS d e p l e t i o n burn i n Apollo 9 , * A d d i t i o n a l S P S burns t o p l a c e CSM i n 90x240 nm end-ofmission e l l i p s e and t o complete SPS l u n a r mission d u t y c y c l e d u r i n g remainder o f ten-day mission. A l t e r n a t e 5: SPS and DPS j o i n t l y cannot p l a c e CSM-LM i n low Earth o r b i t without compromising a b i l i t y o f CSM t o rescue LPI i n a rendezvous sequence, and SPS f u e l q u a n t i t y is too low f o r a CSM-LM circumlunar mission. * SPS phasing burn t o o b t a i n ground coverage of simulated lunar o r b i t insertion. * orbit. Simulated l u n a r o r b i t i n s e r t i o n i n t o semisynchronous * SPS p h a s i n g burn t o o b t a i n ground coverage o f simulated power d e s c e n t i n i t i a t i o n . * First docked DPS burn o u t o f plane s i m u l a t e s d e s c e n t o r b i t insertion. * Second docked DPS burn s i m u l a t e s power d e s c e n t i n i t i a t i o n and is d i r e c t e d o u t of plane. �* SPS phasing burn t o place a l a t e r perigee over or opposite desired recovery zone. * SPS maneuver to place CSM-LM insemi-synchronous orbit with a 12-hour period, * around-commanded LM ascent propulsion system burn t o depletion under abort guidance system control; poslgrade a t apogee. * Additional midcourse corrections along a lunar mission time line and d i r e c t entry from high ellipse, �ABORT MODES The Apollo 10 rni&lon can b e a b o r t e d at any time during t h e launch phase o r terminated during l a t e r phases a f t e r a successful insertion i n t o Earth o r b i t . Abort modes can b e summarized as follows: Launch phase - -- Mode I h u n c h escape (LEs) tower p r o p e l s command module away from launch v e h i c l e . This mode i s i n e f f e c t from about T-45 minutes when LES i s armed u n t i l L E S ' j e t t i s o n a$ 3:07 GET and command module l a n d i n g p o i n t C ~ J I range from the Launch Complex 39B area t o 520 nm (600 sm, 964 km) downrange, Mode 11 - Begins when LES i s jetti'soned and r u n s u n t i l the SPS can be used t o i n s e r t t h e CSM i n t o a s a f e E a r t h o r b i t ( 9 : 2 2 GET) o r u n t i l l a n d i n g p o i n t s t h r e a t e n t h e A f r i c a n c o a s t , Mode I1 r e q u i r e s manual s e p a r a t i o n , e n t r y o r i e n t a t i o n and f u l l l i f t e n t r y w i t h landing between 400 and 3,200 nm (461-3,560 s m , 741-5,931 km) downrange. - Begins when f u l l - l i f t landing p o i n t reaches 3,200 Mode 111 nm (3,560 sm, 5,931 km) and extends through E a r t h o r b i t a l i n s e r t i o n , The CSM would s e p a r a t e fram t h e launch v e h i c l e , and I f necessary, an SPS r e t r o g r a d e burn would b e made, and t h e command module wol~ld be flown h a l f - l i f t t o e n t r y and landing a t approximately 3,350 nm (3,852 sm, 6,197 km) downrange. - Mode I V and Apogee Kick Begins a f t e r t h e p o i n t t h e SPS could b e used t o i n s e r t t h e CSM i n t o a n Earth p a r k i n g o r b i t from about 9:22 GE2. The SPS burn i n t o o r b i t would b e made two minutes a f t e r -- s e p a r a t i o n from t h e S-IVB and t h e mission would continue as an Earth o r b i t a l t e r n a t e . Mode I V i s p r e f e r r e d over Mode 111. A v a r i a t i o n of Mode I V i s t h e apogee k i c k i n which t h e SPS would be ignited a t f i r s t apogee t o r a i s e p e r i g e e f o r a safe o r b i t . Beep Space Aborts Translunar I n j e c t i o n Phase -- Aborts during t h e t r a n s l u n a r i n j e c t i o n phase are only a remote p o s s i b i l i t y , but if an a b o r t became necessary d u r i n g t h e TLI maneuver, a n SPS r e t r o g r a d e burn could be made t o produce s p a c e c r a f e e n t r y , T h i s mode of a b o r t would be used o n l y i n t h e event of a n extreme emergency t h a t a f f e c t e d crew s a f e t y , The s p a c e c r a f t landing p o i n t would vary with launch azimuth and l e n g t h of t h e TLI burn, Another TLI a b o r t s i t u a t i o n would be used if a malfunction cropped up a f t e r i n j e c t i o n . A r e t r o g r a d e SPS burn a t about 90 minutes a f t e r TLI s h u t o f f would allow t a r g e t i n g t o land on t h e A t l a n t i c Ocean recovery l i n e , �Translunar Coast phase -- Aborts a r i s i n g during t h e three-day t r a n s l u n a r c o a s t phase would be similar i n n a t u r e t o t h e 90-minute TLI a b o r t . Aborts from deep space b r i n g i n t o t h e p l a y t h e Moon's a n t i p o d e ( l i n e p r o j e c t e d from Moon's c e n t e r through E a r t h ' s c e n t e r t o o p p o s i t e f a c e ) and t h e e f f e c t of t h e E a r t h ' s r o t a t i o n upon t h e geographlcal l o c a t i o n of t h e antipode. Abort times would be s e l e c t e d f o r landi n g when t h e a n t i p o d e c r o s s e s 1650 West l o n g i t u d e , The a n t i p o d e c r o s s e s t h e mid-pacific recovery l i n e once each 24 hours, and i f a t i m e - c r i t i c a l s i t u a t i o n f o r c e s an a b o r t e a r l i e r t h a n t h e s e l e c t e d f i x e d a b o r t times, l a n d i n g s would be t a r g e t e d f o r t h e A t l a n t i c Ocean, E a s t P a c i f i c , West P a c i f i c o r I n d i a n Ocean recovery l i n e s i n t h a t o r d e r of preference. When t h e s p a c e c r a f t e n t e r s t h e Moon's sphere of i n f l u e n c e , a circumlunar a b o r t becomes faster t h a n an a t t e m p t t o r e t u r n d i r e c t l y t o Earth. Lunar Orbit I n s e r t i o n phase -- E a r l y SPS shutdowns during t h e l u n a r o r b i t i n s e r t i o n burn (MI) a r e covered by t h r e e modes i n t h e Apollo 10 mission. A 1 1 t h r e e modes would r e s u l t i n t h e CM l a n d i n g a t t h e E a r t h l a t i t u d e of t h e Moon a n t i p o d e a t t h e time t h e a b o r t was performedt Mode I would be a I24 DPS posigrade burn i n t o an Earth-return t r a j e c t o r y about two hours ( a t next p e r i c y n t h i o n ) after an LO1 shutdown during t h e f i r s t two minutes of t h e LO1 burn. %ode IT, f o r SPS shutdown between two and t h r e e minutes a f t e r i g n i t i o n , would use t h e LM DPS engine t o a d j u s t t h e o r b i t t o a s a f e , non-lunar impact t r a j e c t o r y followed by a second DPS posigrade burn a t next p e r i c y n t h i o n t a r g e t e d f o r t h e mid-Pacific recovery line. Mode 111, from t h r e e minutes a f t e r LO1 i g n i t i o n u n t i l normal c u t o f f , would a l l o w t h e s p a c e c r a f t t o c o a s t through one o r two l u n a r o r b i t s b e f o r e doing a DPS posigrade burn a t p e r i c y n t h i o n t a r g e t e d f o r t h e mid-pacific recovery l i n e . Lunar O r b i t Phase -- If d u r i n g l u n a r p a r k i n g o r b i t i t became necessary t o a b o r t , the t r a n s e a r t h i n j e c t i o n (TEI) burn would be made early and would t a r g e t s p a c e c r a f t landing t o t h e mid-Pacific recovery l i n e . T r a n s e a r t h I n j e c t i o n phase -- m r l y shutdown of t h e T E I burn between i g n i t i o n and two m i n u t e s would cause a Mode I11 a b o r t and a SPS posigrade TEI burn would be made a t a l a t e r p e r i c y n t h i o n . Cutoffs a f t e r two minutes TEI burn t i m e would c a l l f o r a Mode I a b o r t - - - r e s t a r t of SPS as soon as p o s s i b l e f o r E a r t h - r e t u r n t r a j e c t o r y , Both modes produce mid-Pacific recovery l i n e l a n d i n g s n e a r t h e l a t i t u d e of t h e a n t i pode a t t h e time of t h e TEI burn. �Transearth Coast phase -- Adjustments of the landing point are possible during the transearth coast through burns with the SPS or the service module RCS thrusters, but in general, these are covered in the discussion of transearth midcourse corrections. No abort burns will be made later than 24 hours prior to e n t r y to avoid effects upon GM entry velocity and flight path angle. �A P O U o 10 GO/NO-GO DECISION POINTS Like Apollo 8, Apollo 10 will be flown on a step-by-step commit point or go/no-go basis in which the decisions will be made prior to each major maneuver whether to continue che misston or to switch 'to one of the possible alternate missions. The go/no-go decisions will be made by the flight control teams in Mission Control Center. ~o/no-go decisions will be made prior to the following events: * * * * * * * * + Launch phase go/no-go at 10 min. GEP for orbit insertion Translunar injection Transposition, docking and LM extraction Each translunar midcourse correction burn Lunar orbit insertion burns Nos. 1 and 2 Crew intravehicular transfer to M CSM-LM undocking and separation Hendezvous sequence I&! Ascent Propulsion system burn to depletion * Transearth injection burn (no-go would delay TEI one or more revolutions to allow maneuver preparations to be completed. ) * Each transearth midcourse correction burn �ONBOAHD TELEVISION On Apol i~ ill, onboard v i d e o will o r i g i n a t e f r o m t h e CM; Plans c a l l f o r both b l a c k tliere w i l l b e no 'CV camera i n t h e LM. arid white arld c o l o r ; V t o b e carried. Tkze b l a c k and white camera i s a 4.5 pound RCA camera equipped w i t h a 60-degree field of v i e w wide angle and lOOmm nine-degree i ' i e l d of' v i e w t,elephoto lens, attached to a 12-foot power/video cable. It produces a black-and-white 227 TV l i n e s i g n a l scanned a t 13 frames a second. Madrid, Goldstone and Honeysuckle C r e e k all w i l l Lave equipment t o make s t i l l photographs o f t h e slow s c a n s i g n a l and t o convert t h e s i g n a l t o commercial TV format. The color TV camera i s a 12-pound Westinghouse camera w i t h a zoom lens f o r close-up o r wide a n g l e use and a three-inch monitor which can be mounted on t h e camera o r i n t h e CM. It produces a s t a n d a r d 525-line, 30-frame-per-second s i g n a l i n c o l o r by u s e of a r o t a t i n g color, wheel. The s i g n a l can be viewed i n b l a c k and white. Only MSC, r e c e i v i n g t h e s i g n a l through Goldstone, w i l l have equipment to colorLze t h e s i g n a l . T e n t a t i v e plannlng i s t o use the c o l o r camera predominately, reverting t o t h e lack and white camera if t h e r e i s difficulty with t h e c o l o r system b u t r e q u i r i n g a t l e a s t one b l a c k and white t r a n s mission t o Honeysuckle Creek. The f o l l o w i n g i s a p r e l i m i n a r y p l a n f o r TV p a s s e s based on a 12:49 May 18 launch: GET - DATE/EDT EVENT T r a n s p)Io s i t i o n & dock Madrid Goldstone Transl u n a r c o a s t Goldstone Goldst one Translunar coast Pre-LOI-1 Qoldstone/Madrld Post LOI-2 Goldstone Post undock; formation Goldstone APS Burn t o Depletion Goldstone Landmark Tracking Goldstone Post -TEI Honeysuckle* Transearth coast Goldstone Transearth coast Goldstone *Transmission from RCA b l a c k and white camera. t o be from c o l o r camera. A l l o t h e r s planned �APOLW) 10 PHOTOGRAPHIC TASKS S t i l l a n d motion p i c t u r e s w i l l be made of most s p a c e c r a f t maneuvers as well as of t h e lunar s u r f a c e and of crew a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e ApolLrs 10 cabin. The t r a n s p o s i t i o n , docking and lunar module e j e c t ion maneuver will b e t h e f i r s t major event t o b e photographed. In lunar orbit, t h e IN-active rendezvous sequence w i l l be photographed from both the command and t h e l u n a r module. During t h e period between t h e LN DPS phasing burn and t h e APS i n s e r t i o n burn, t h e commander and lunar module p i l o t w i l l make still photos of t h e l u n a r ground t r a c k and of landing S i t e 2 from t h e eight-mile low p o i n t of t h e M 1 s f l i g h t path. After rendezvous i s complete and t h e LM APS d e p l e t i o n burn h a s been photographed, the crew w i l l make s t e r e o s t r i p s t i l l phot,ographs of t n e l u n a r s u r f a c e and i n d i v i d u a l frames of t a r g e t s of opportunity. Using t h e navigation sextant" o p t i c s a s a camera lens system, lunar s u r f a c e features and landmarks will be recorded on motion p i c t u r e f i l m . Additionally, t h e camerathrougi-1-sextarli. system will photograph star-horizon and star-landmark c m b i n a ; i o n s a s they a r e superimposed i n v i s u a l navigation signtirgs. The A p o i i u iO przotography plan c a l l s f o r motion p i c t u r e s o f crew a c t i v i t i e s srlch as i n t r a v e h i c u l a r t r a n s f e r through t h e CSN-LV docking t u n n e l and of o t h e r crew a c t i v i t i e s such as prcssdre s u i S donning. Long-dfstance E a r t r i and lunar t e r r a i n photographs w i l l be s h o S w i t h tne ? O w . still cameras. Camera eq:liprnent carried on Apollo 10 c o n s i s t s of two 7Omm Hasselbiad s t i l l cameras, each fitted with 80mm f/2.8 t o f/22 Zeiss P l a n a r lenses, a 250m t e l e p h o t o l e n s stowed aboard t h e connand xodule, and a s s o c i a t e d e q ~ i p m e n tsuch as f i l t e r s , r i n g s i g h t , spotmeter and a n i n t e r v a l m e t e r f o r s t e r e o s t r i p hot0 raphy. One iIaseeltlad w i l l b e stowed i n t h e IN and returned t o he C M a f t e r rendezvo~ls. Easselblad s h u t t e r speeds range from one second t o 1/503 s e c , e s For cotion p l c t u r e s , two Maurer data a c q u i s i t i o n cameras (one i n the CSM, one i n t n e 3.24) with v a r i a b l e frame speed selection .dl1 be ~ s e d . . Motion p i c t u r e camera a c c e s s o r i e s Incflde bayonet-mount l e n s e s of 75, 18, and 5m focal length, a r i s h t - a n g l e mirror, a c m a n d module boresignt bracket, a power c a j l e , and an a d a p t e r f o shooting ~ through t h e s e x t a n t . Apollo 10 f i b . stowage i n c l u d e s s i x '7Omrn Hasselblad magazines---two e x t e r i o r c o l o r r e v e r s a l and f o u r f i n e - g r a i n black and white; and 12 140-foot 16mm maoazbes of motion p i c t u r e film---eight e x t e r i o r c o l o r and Pour interior color--f o r a t o l a 1 1630 feet. �LUNAR DESCRIPTION T e r r a i n - Mountainous a n d c r a t e r - p i t t e d , t h e former r i s i n g thousands of feet and t h e l a t t e r ranging from a few i n c h e s t o 180 m i l e s i n diameter. The c r a t e r s a r e thought to be formed by t h e impact of m e t e o r i t e s . The s u r f a c e i s covered with a l a y e r of fine-grained m a t e r l a l resembling s i l t o r sand, a s w e l l a s small rocks and boulders. Environment - No air, no wind, and no moisture. The temperature ranges from 243 degrees i n t h e two-week lunar day t o 279 degrees below zero i n t h e two-week l u n a r a i g h t . Gravity i s one-sixth t h a t of Earth. Micrometeoroids p e l t t h e Moon ( t h e r e i s no atmosphere t o burn them up). Radiation might p r e s e n t a problem during per3 ods of unusual s o l a r a c t i v i t y . - Dark Side The dark o r hidden s i d e of the Moon no longer i s a complete mystery. It was f i r s t photogre~phed by a Russian c r a f t and s i n c e then has been photographed many times, p a r t i c u l a r l y by NASAJs Lunar O r b i t e r s p a c e c r a f t and Apollo 8. - Ori in There i s s t i l l no agreement among s c i e n t i s t s on t h -IT e o r g i n of t h e Moon. The t h r e e t h e o r i e s : (1) t h e Moon once w a s p a r t of E a r t h and s p l i t o f f i n t o i t s own o r b i t , ( 2 ) i t evolved as a s e p a r a t e body a t t h e same time a s E a r t h , and (3) i t formed elsewhere i n space and wandered u n t i l i t was captured by E a r t h ' s g r a v i t a t i o n a l f i e l d . Physical F a c t s Mameter 2,160 miles (about that of Earth) Circumference 6,790 miles (about Distance from E a r t h 238,857 m i l e s (mean; 221,463 minimum t o 252,710 maximum) Surface temperature +243O~(sun a t z e n i t h ) - 2 7 9 ' ~ ( n i g h t ) Surface g r a v i t y 1/6 t h a t of E a r t h Mass 1/100th ghat of E a r t h Volume 1/50th t h a t of E a r t h Lunar day and n i g h t 1 4 E a r t h days each Mean v e l o c i t y i n o r b i t 2,287 m i l e s p e r hour Escape v e l o c i t y 1.48 m i l e s p e r second & t h a t of Earth) Month ( p e r i o d of r o t a t i o n 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes around E a r t h ) �Apollo Lunar Landing S i t e s P o s s i b l e l a n d i n g s i t e s f o r t h e Apollo l u n a r module have been under study by NASA's Apollo S i t e S e l e c t i o n Board f o r more than two years. T h i r t y s i t e s o r i g i n a l l y were considered. These have been narrowed down t o f o u r f o r t h e f i r s t l u n a r landing. ( S i t e 1 c u r r e n t l y not considered f o r f i r s t landing.) S e l e c t i o n o f t h e f i n a l f i v e s i t e s was based on high r e s o l u t i o n photographs by Lunar O r b i t e r s p a c e c r a f t , p l u s close-up photos and s u r f a c e d a t a provided by t h e Surveyor s p a c e c r a f t which s o f t landed on t h e Moon. - The o r i i n a l sites a r e l o c a t e d on t h e v i s i b l e s i d e of t h e Moon w i t h i n 5 degrees e a s t and west of t h e Moon's c e n t e r and 5 degrees n o r t h and s o u t h of i t s equator. !$ The f i n a l s i t e choices were based on t h e s e f a c t o r s : *Smoothness ( r e l a t i v e l y few c r a t e r s a n d b o u l d e r s ) "Approach (no l a r g e hills, h i g h c l i f f s , o r deep c r a t e r s t h a t could cause i n c o r r e c t a l t i t u d e s i g n a l s t o t h e l u n a r module l a n d i n g r a d a r ) "Propellant requirements ( s e l e c t e d s i t e s r e q u i r e t h e least expenditure of s p a c e c r a f t p r o p e l l a n t s ) *Recycle ( s e l e c t e d s i t e s allow e f f e c t i v e launch p r e p a r a t i o n r e c y c l i n g i f t h e Apollo Saturn V countdown i s delayed) "Free r e t u r n ( s i t e s a r e w i t h i n reach of t h e s p a c e c r a f t luanched on a f r e e r e t u r n t r a n s l u n a r t r a j e c t o r y ) -- "Slope ( t h e r e i s l i t t l e s l o p e l e s s t h a n 2 degrees i n t h e approach p a t h and landing a r e a ) �The F l v e Landing S i t e s P i n a l l y Selected Are: Designations - Center Coordinates l a t i t u d e 2' 37' 54" North longitude 34 01' 31" East S i t e 1 is l o c a t e d on t h e e a s t c e n t r a l p a r t of t h e Moon i n s o u t h e a s t e r n Mare Tranq u i l l i t a t i s . The s i t e i s approximately 62 m i l e s (100 k i l o m e t e r s ) east of t h e rlm of C r a t e r Maskelyne, Site 2 l a t i t u d e 0' 43l $" North longitude 23' 38' 51" East S i t e 2 i s located on t h e e a s t c e n t r a l p a r t of t h e Moon in southwestern Mar Tranq u i l l i t a t i s , The s i t e i s approximately 62 m i l e s (100 k i l o m e t e r s ) e a s t o f t h e r h of Crater Sabine and approximately 118 m i l e s (190 k i l o m e t e r s ) southwest of t h e C r a t e r Maskelyne. Site 3 l a t i t u d e o0 22' 27'' North longitude lo 20' 42" West S i t e 3 i s l o c a t e d n e a r t h e c e n t e r of the v i s i b l e f a c e of t h e Moon i n t h e southwestern p a r t of Sinus Medii. The s i t e i s approximately 25 m i l e s (40 k i l o m e t e r s ) west of t h e c e n t e r or' the face and 21 m i l e s (50 kilometers) southwest of t h e C r a t e r Bruce, Site 4 l a t i t u d e 3 O 28' 34" South longitude 36 41' 53" West S i t e 4 i s l o c a t e d on the west c e n t r a l p a r t of t h e Moon i n s o u t h e a s t e r n Oceanus Procellanun. The s i t e i s approximately 149 m i l e s (240 k i l o m e t e r s ) south of t h e r i m of C r a t e r Encke and 136 m i l e s (220 k i l o m e t e r s ) e a s t of t h e r i m of C r a t e r Flamsteed, Site 5 l a t i t u d e lo 461 19" North longitude 41' 50' 20" West S i t e 5 i s l o c a t e d on t h e w e s t c e n t r a l p a r t of t h e v i s i b l e f a c e in southeastern Oceanus Procellanun, The s i t e i s approximately 130 m i l e s (210 k i l o m e t e r s ) s o u t h s e s t of t h e rim of C r a t e r Kepler and 118 m i l e s (190 kilometers) n o r t h n o r t h e a s t of t h e r i m of Crater Flamsteed, �APOLLO LUNAR LANDING S I T E S �COMMAND AND SERVICE MOUDLE STRUCTURE, SYSTEMS The Apollo s p a c e c r a f t for t h e Apollo 10 mission i s comprised o f Command Module 106, S e r v i c e Module 106, Lunar Module 4, a s p a c e c r a f t - l u n a r module a d a p t e r (SLA) and a launch escape system, The SLA s e r v e s as a m a t i n g s t r u c t u r e between t h e instrument u n i t a t o p t h e S-IVB s t a g e of t h e S a t u r n V launch v e M c l e and as a housing f o r t h e l u n a r mcdule. -- Launch Escape System (LES) P r o p e l s command module t o s a f e t y i n a n a b o r t e d launch, It i s made up of an open-frame tower s t r u c t u r e , mounted t o t h e command module by f o u r f r a n g i b l e b o l t s , and three s o l i d - p r o p e l l a n t rocket motors: a 147,000 poundt h r u s t launch escape system motor, a 2,400-pound-thrust p i t c h c o n t r o l motor, and a 31,500-pound-thrust tower j e t t i s o n motor. Two canard vanes n e a r t h e t o p deploy t o t u r n t h e command module aerodynamically t o an a t t i t u d e w i t h t h e h e a t - s h i e l d forward. Attached t o t h e base of t h e launch escape tuwer i s a boost prot e c t i v e c o v e r composed of g l a s s , c l o t h , and honeycomb, t h a t p r o t e c t s t h e command module from r o c k e t exhaust g a s e s from t h e main and t h e j e t t i s o n motors, The system I s 33 f e e t t a l l , f o u r P e e t i n diameter a t t h e base, and weighs 8,848 pounds. Command Module (CM) S t r u c t u r e -- The basic s t r u c t u r e of' t h e command module i s a pressure v e s s e l encased i n h e a t s h i e l d s , cone-shaped 11 f e e t 5 i n c h e s high, base diameter of 1 2 feet-10 inches, and launch weight 12,27'7 pounds. The command module c o n s i s t s o f t h e forward compartment which c o n t a i n s two r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l engines and components of t h e Earth l a n d i n g system; t h e crew compartment o r i n n e r p r e s s u r e v e s s e l c o n t a i n i n g crew accomodatlons, c o n t r o l s and d i s p l a y s , and s p a c e c r a f t systems; and t h e a f t compartment housing t e n r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l engines and p r o p e l l a n t tankage. The crew compartment c o n t a i n s 210 c u b i c f e e t o f h a b i t a b l e volume. Heat-shields around the t h r e e compartments are made of brazed s t a n l e s s steel honeycomb w i t h an o u t e r l a y e r of phenolic epoxy resin as an a b l a t i v e material, S h i e l d thickness, varying according t o hea% l o a d s , ranges from 0.7 inch at the apex t o 2.7 Inches a t the a f t end, The s p a c e c r a f t inner s t r u c t u r e i s of sheet-aluminum honeycomb bonded sandwhich ranging i n t h i c k n e s s from 0.25 i n c h t h i c k a t fo*ard a c c e s s t u n n e l t o 1.5 inches t u c k a t base. CSM 106 and LM-4 are equipped w i t h the probe-and-drogue docking hardware. The probe assembly i s a f o l d i n g coupling and Impact a t t e n t u a t i n g d e v i c e mounted on the CM t u n n e l t h a t mates w i t h a c o n i c a l drogue mounted on t h e Lfvl docking t u n n e l . After t h e docking latches are dogged down f o l l o w i n g a docking maneuver, both t h e probe and drogue a s s e m b l i e s are removed from the v e h i c l e t u n n e l s and stowed t o a l l o w free crew t r a n s f e r between the CSM a n d LM. �APOLLO SPACECRAFT �EARTH LANDING SUBSYSTEM DOCKING M E C H A N I S M STABILIZATION EARTH LANDING ENVIRONMENTAL ( I N BOOST COVER) ROLL E N G I N E S WI*DOW ( 2 PLACES1 ENGINES COMMAND MODULE FLY AWAY UMBILICAL SERVICE MODULE SECTOR I V O X I G I N TANKS 1 I O R O G I N T A N K S L I P S FUEL C I L L S CENTER SECTION S I R V I C I PROPUlSlON SISTEM n f L l u M T A N K S > �LUNAR MODULE COMMAND MODULE DROGUE ASSEMBLY DOCKING RING \ PROBE ASSEMBLY \ LATCH ASSEMBLIES APOLLO DOCKING MECHANISMS �-- S e r v i c e Module (SM) S t r u c t u r e The s e r v i c e module f s a c y l i n d e r 12 feet 10 i n c h e s f n d i a m e t e r by 24 feet 7 I n c h e s U g h , F o r the Apollo 10 m i s s i o n , it w 5 l l weigh, 51,371 pounds a t launch. Aluminum honeycomb p a n e l s one i n c h t h i c k form the o u t e r skin, and m i l l e d aluminum r a d i a l beams separate the i n t e r i o r InCo s i x s e c t i o n s c o n t a i n i n g s e r v i c e propulsion system and r e a e t f o n c o n t r o l f u e l - o x i d i z e r tankage, f u e l c e l l s , c r y o g e n i c oxygen and hydrogen, and onboard conszunables. -- S p a c e c r a f t -LM Adapter (sLA) S t r u c t u r e The spacecrat't LM a d a p t e r 1s a t r u n c a t e d cone 28 f e e t l o n g t a p e r i n g from 200 i n c h e s d i a m e t e r a t the base t o 154 i n c h e s a t t h e forward end a t t h e s e r v i c e module m a t i n g l i n e . Aluminum honeycomb 1.75 i n c h e s t h i c k i s the s t r e s s e d - s k i n s t r u c t u r e f o r the s p a c e c r a f t adapter. The SLA weighs 4,000 pounds. CSM Systems --e -- Guidance, Navigation and C o n t r o l S s t e m D N C S ) Measures caland c o n t r o l s s p a c e c r a f t p o s i t i o n , att t u d e anmelocity, c u l a t e s t r a d e c t o r y , c o n t r o l s s p a c e c r a f t p r o p u l si on s y s t e m t h r u s t v e c t o r , and d i s p l a y s a b o r t data. The g u i d a n c e s y s t e m c o n s i s t s a:' three subsystems: I n e r t i a l , made up of' a n inertial measurement u n i t and a s s o c i a t e d power and data components; computer which p r o c e s s e s i n f o r m a t i o n t o o r from ocher components; and o p t i c s , i n c l u d i n g s c a n n i n g t e l e s c o p e and sext3mt f o r celesl3al and/or landmark s p a c e c r a f t n a v i g a t i o n . CSM 106 and subsequent modules a r e equipped with a VHF r a n g i n g d e v i c e a s a backup t o the LM rendezvous r a d a r . S t a b i l i z a t i o n and C o n t r o l System (SCS) -- C o n t r o l s spacec r a f t r o t a t i o n , t r a n s l a t i o n , and t h r u s t v e c t o r a n d p r o v i d e s d i s p l a y s f o r c r e w - i n i t i a t e d maneuvers; backs up tihe guidance system. It has t h r e e subsystems: a t t i t u d e r e f e r e n c e , a t t l t u d e c o n t r o l , and t h r u s t v e c t o r c o n t r o l , -- Provides t h r u s t f o r l a r g e S e r v i c e P r o p u l s i o n System ( S P S ) s p a c e c r a f t v e l o c i t y changes t h r o u g n a gimbal-mounted 20,500pound-thrust h y p e r g o l i c e n g i n e u s i n g a n i t r o g e n t e t r i o x i d e o x i d i z e r and a 50-Fj0 m i x t u r e o f unsymmetrl c a l dimethyl h y d r a z i n e and h y d r a z i n e f u e l . Tankage o f t h i s s y s t e m i s i n zhe s e r v i c e module. The system responds t o a u t o m a t i c f l r i n g commands from the guida n c e and n a v i g a t i o n system o r t o manual commands from t h e crew. The e n g i n e p r o v i d e s a c o n s t a n t t h r u s t rate. The s t a b i l i z a t i o n and c o n t r o l system g i m b a l s the e n g i n e t o f i r e t h r o u g h t h e s p a c e c r a f t c e n t e r of g r a v i t y . -- The command module and t h e R e a c t i o n C o n t r o l System (RCS) s e r v i c e module e a c h has i t s own independent system. The SM RCS has f o u r i d e n t i c a l RCS "quads mounted around t h e SM 90 d e g r e e s apart. Each quad has f o u r 100 p o u n d - t h r u s t e n g i n e s , two f u e l and two o x i d i z e r t a n k s and a helium p r e s s u r i z a t i o n sphere. The SM RCS p r o v i d e s redundant s p a c e c r a f t a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l t h r o u g h c r o s s - c o u p l i n g l o g i c i n p u t s from the s t a b i l i z a t i o n and g u i d a n c e systems. �Small v e l o c i t y change maneuvers can a l s o be made w i t h the SM RCS. The CM RCS c o n s i s t s o f two independent s i x - e n g i n e sub- systems o f s i x 93 pound-thrust e n g i n e s each. Both subsystems are a c t i v a t e d a f t e r CM s e p a r a t i o n from t h e SM: one is used f o r s p a c e c r a f t a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l d u r i n g e n t r y . The o t h e r s e r v e s i n s t a n d b y as a backup. P r o p e l l a n t s for b o t h CM and SM RC$ are monomethyl h y d r a z i n e f u e l and n i t r o g e n t e t r o x i d e o x i d i z e r with helium p r e s s u r i z a t i o n . These p r o p e l l a n t s are h y p e r g o l i c , i . e . , t h e y burn s p o n t a n e o u s l y when combined w i t h o u t an i g n l t e r . -- E l e c t r i c a l Power System (EPS) C o n s i s t s o f t h r e e , 31c e l l Bacon-type hydrogen-oxygen f u e l c e l l power p l a n t s i n t h e s e r v i c e module which supply 2 8 - v o l t DC power, t h r e e 28-volt DC z i n c - s i l v e r o x i d e main s t o r a g e b a t t e r i e s i n t h e command module lower equipment bay, and three 115-200-volt 400 h e r t z t h r e e phase AC i n v e r t e r s powered by t h e main 2 8 - v o l t DC bus. The i n v e r t e r s are a l s o l o c a t e d i n t h e lower equipment bay, Cryogenic hydrogen and oxygen react i n the f u e l c e l l s t a c k s t o provide e l e c t r i c a l power, p o t a b l e water, and h e a t . The command module main b a t t e r i e s can be switched t o f i r e p y r o t e c h n i c s i n an emergency. A b a t t e r y c h a r g e r r e s t o r e s s e l e c t e d batteries t o f u l l s t r e n g t h as r e q u i r e d w i t h power from t h e f u e l c e l l s . -- Environmental C o n t r o l System (Ecs) Controls spacecraft atmosphere, p r e s s u r e , and t e m p e r a t u r e and manages water. In a d d i t i o n t o r e g u l a t i n g c a b i n and s u i t gas p r e s s u r e , t e m p e r a t u r e and humidity, t h e system removes carbon d i o x i d e , o d o r s and p a r t i c l e s , and v e n t i l a t e s t h e c a b i n a f t e r l a n d i n g . I t c o l l e c t s and s t o r e s f u e l c e l l p o t a b l e water f o r crew use, s u p p l i e s water t o t h e g l y c o l e v a p o r a t o r s f o r c o o l i n g , and dwnps s u r p l u s w a t e r overboard t h r o u g h the u r i n e dump v a l v e . P r o p e r o p e r a t i n g tempe r a t u r e of e l e c t r o n i c s and e l e c t r i c a l equipment i s m a i n t a i n e d by t h i s system t h r o u g h t h e u s e of t h e c a b i n h e a t exchangers, t h e s p a c e r a d i a t o r s , and t h e f l y c o l e v a p o r a t o r s . Telecommunications System -- P r o v i d e s v o i c e , t e l e v i s i o n t e l e metry, and command d a t a and t r a c k i n g and r a n g i n g between t h e spacec r a f t and E a r t h , between t h e command module and t h e l u n a r module and between t h e s p a c e c r a f t and t h e e x t r a v e h i c u l a r a s t r o n a u t . It a l s o p r o v i d e s intercommunications between a s t r o n a u t s . The t e l e c o m u n i c a t i o n s system c o n s i s t s o f p u l s e code modulated t e l e m e t r y f a r r e l a y i n g t o Manned Space P l i g h t Network s t a t i o n s d a t a on s p a c e c r a f t systems and crew c o n d i t i o n , VHP/AM voice, and u n i f i e d S-Band t r a c k i n g t r a n s p o n d e r , a i r - t o - g r o u n d v o i c e communications, onboard t e l e v i s i o n , and a VHF' recovery beacon. Network s t a t i o n s can t r a n s m i t t o t h e s p a c e c r a f t s u c h i t e m s as u p d a t e s t o t h e Apollo guidance computer and c e n t r a l t i m i n g equipment, and r e a l time commands f o r c e r t a i n onboard f u n c t i o n s . �S-band inflight antenna- 7 LM docking light SPACECRAFT AXIS A N D ANTENNA LOCATIONS �Two scimitar VHF omni antennas on SM--I (180deg. apart) axis Rendezvous radar SPACECRAFT AXIS A N D ANTENNA LOCATIONS �The high-gain s t e e r a b l e S-Band antenna c o n s i s t s o f four, 31-inch-diameter p a r a b o l i c d i s h e s mounted on a f o l d i n g boom a t the a f t end of t h e s e r v i c e module. Nested a l o n g s i d e t h e s e r v i c e p r o p u l s i o n system engine nozzle u n t i l deployment, t h e antenna swings out a t r i g h t a n g l e s t o t h e s p a c e c r a f t l o n g i t u d i n a l a x i s , w i t h t h e boom p o i n t i n g 52 degrees below t h e heads-up h o r i z o n t a l , S i g n a l s from t h e ground s t a t i o n s can be t r a c k e d e i t h e r automati c a l l y o r manually with t h e a n t e n n a ' s g i m b a l l i n g system. Normal S-Band voice and uplink,downlink communications w i l l be handled by t h e omni and high-gain antennas. -- S e q u e n t i a l System I n t e r f a c e s w i t h o t h e r s p a c e c r a f t systems and subsystems t o i n i e i a t e time c r i t i c a l f u n c t i o n s d u r i n g launch, docking maneuvers, s u b - o r b i t a l a b o r t s , and e n t r y p o r t i o n s of a mission. The system a l s o c o n t r o l s r o u t i n e s p a c e c r a f t sequencing such as s e r v i c e module s e p a r a t i o n and deployment of t h e E a r t h landing system. -- Detects and d i s p l a y s t o the c d i t i o n s , such as e x c e s s i v e p i t c h o r r o l l r a t e s o r two engines out, and a u t o m a t i c a l l y o r manually s h u t s down t h e b o o s t e r and a c t i v a t e s t h e launch escape system; f'unctions u n t i l t h e s p a c e c r a f t i s i n o r b i t , -- ) Includes t h e drogue and main s t - l a n d i n g recovery a i d s . I n a parac normal e n t r y descent, t h e command module forward h e a t s h i e l d i s j e t t i s o n e d a t 24,000 f e e t , p e r m i t t i n g m o r t a r deployment of two r e e f e d 16.5-foot diameter drogue p a r a c h u t e s f o r o r i e n t i n g and d e c e l e r a t i n g t h e s p a c e c r a f t , After d i s r e e f and drogue r e l e a s e , t h r e e p i l o t mortar deployed c h u t e s p u l l o u t t h e t h r e e main 83.3-foot diameter p a r a c h u t e s with two-stage r e e f i n g t o provide g r a d u a l i n f l a t i o n i n t h r e e s t e p s , Two main p a r a c h u t e s out of t h r e e can provide a s a f e landing. Recovery a i d s i n c l u d e t h e u p r i g h t i n g system, swimmer i n t e r phone connections, s e a dye marker, f l a s h i n g beacon, VHF recovery beacon, and VHF t r a n s c e i v e r , The u p r i g h t i n g system c o n s i s t s of t h r e e compressor-inflated bags t o u p r i g h t t h e s p a c e c r a f t if i t should land i n t h e water apex down ( s t a b l e I1 p o s i t i o n ) . -- Monitors s p a c e c r a f t systems f o r o~t-o a l e r t s crew by v i s u a l and a u d i b l e alarms s o t h a t c r e m e n may trouble-shoot t h e problem. -- Controls and Displays Provide r e a d o u t s and c o n t r o l f u n c t i o n s of a l l o t h e r s p a c e c r a f t systems i n t h e command and s e r v i c e modules, A l l c o n t r o l s a r e designed t o be operated by crewmen i n p r e s s u r i z e d s u i t s . Displays a r e grouped by system and l o c a t e d according t o t h e frequency t h e crew r e f e r s t o them. �WNAR MODULE STRUCTURESy WEIGHT The lunar module is a two-stage v e h i c l e designed f o r space o p e r a t i o n s near and on t h e Moon, The W is incapable of r e e n t e r i n g the atmosphere. The lunar module s t a n d s 22 f e e t 11 inches high and is 31 f e e t wide (diagonally a c r o s s landing g e a r ) , Joined by four explosive b o l t s and umbilicals, t h e asc e n t and descent s t a g e s of t h e LM operate as a u n i t u n t i l s t a g i n g , when the a s c e n t s t a g e f u n c t i o n s as a s i n g l e spacec r a f t f o r rendezvous and docking with t h e CSM. Ascent Stage Three main s e c t i o n s make up t h e a s c e n t stage: t h e crew compartment, midsection, and a f t equipment bay. Only t h e crew compartment and midsection a r e p r e s s u r i z e d (4.8 psig; 337.4 gm/sq cm) as p a r t o f t h e LM cabin; a l l o t h e r s e c t i o n s of t h e LM a r e unpressurized, The cabin volume is 235 cubic f e e t ( 6 . 7 cubic m e t e r s ) . The a s c e n t s t a g e measures 12 f e e t 4 inches high by 14 f e e t 1 inch i n diameter. S t r u c t u r a l l y , t h e a s c e n t s t a g e has s i x s u b s t r u c t u r a l areas: crew compartment, midsection, a f t equipment bay, t h r u s t chamber assembly c l u s t e r supports, antenna supports and thermal and microme teoroid s h i e l d . The c y l i n d r i c a l crew compartment i s a semimonocoque s t r u c t u r e o f machined longerons and fusion-welded aluminum s h e e t and i s 92 inches (2.35 m ) i n diameter and 42 inches (1.07 m) deep, Two f l i g h t s t a t i o n s a r e equipped with c o n t r o l and d i s play panels, a r m r e s t s , body r e s t r a i n t s , landing aids, two f r o n t windows, an overhead docking window, and a n alignment o p t i c a l telescope In t h e c e n t e r between t h e two f l i g h t s t a t i o n s , The h a b i t a b l e volume i s 160 cubic feet. Two t r i a n g u l a r f r o n t windows and t h e 32-inch (0.81 rn) square inward-opening forward h a t c h are i n t h e crew compartment f r o n t face. External s t r u c t u r a l beams support t h e crew compartment and serve t o support t h e lower i n t e r s t a g e mounts a t t h e i r lower ends, R i n g - s t i f fened semimonocoque c o n s t r u c t i o n i s employed i n the midsection, w i t h chem-milled aluminum skin over fusion-welded longerons and s t i f f e n e r s , Fore -and-aft beams a c r o s s t h e t o p of t h e midsection j o i n with those running a c r o s s t h e t o p of t h e cabin t o take a l l a s c e n t s t a g e stress loads and, i n e f f e c t , i s o l a t e t h e cabin from stresses, �DOCKING LUNAR SURFACE SENSING PROBE (4) APOLLO LUNAR MODULE �VHF ANTENNA(2) TRANSFER TUNNEL AND HATCH ALIGNMENT OPTICAL TELESC OCKING TARGET RECESS GASEOUS OXYGEN TANK (2) RENDEZVOUS RADAR ANTENNA AFT EQUIPMENT BAY REPLACEABLE ELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY FUEL TANK (REACTION CONTROL) IQUlD OXYGEN TANK ASCENT ENGINE COVER S-BAND INFLIGHT ANTENNA Q) HELIUM TANK @) HELIUM TANK (REACTION CONTROL) REACTION CONTROL ASSEMBLY (4 PLACES) OXIDIZER TANK (REACTION CONTROL) INGRESS/EGRESSHATCH CREW COMPARTMEN WATER TANKQ) APOLLO LUNAR MODULE - ASCENT STAGE �LM CABIN INTERIOR, LEFT HALF �LM CABIN INTERIOR, RIGHT HALF �The a s c e n t s t a g e engine compartment i s formed by two beams running a c r o s s t h e lower midsection deck and mated t o t h e f o r e and a f t bulkheads. Systems located i n t h e midsection include t h e LM guidance computer, t h e power and servo assembly, a s c e n t engine propellant tanks, RCS prop e l l a n t tanks, t h e environmental c o n t r o l system, and t h e waste management section. A tunnel r i n g a t o p t h e a s c e n t s t a g e meshes with t h e command module l a t c h assemblies. During docking, t h e r i n g and clamps a r e aligned by t h e LM drogue and the CSM probe, The docking tunnel extends downward i n t o t h e midsection The tunnel is 32 Inches (0.81 cm) i n diameter and is used f o r crew t r a n s f e r between t h e CSM and LFnl by crewmen. The upper hatch on t h e inboard end of' t h e docking tunnel hinges downward and cannot be opened with t h e pressurized and undocked. 16 inches (40 cm). A thermal and micrometeoroid s h i e l d of multiple l a y e r s of mylar and a s i n g l e thickness of t h i n aluminum s k i n encases t h e e n t i r e ascent s t a g e s t r u c t u r e . Descent Stage The descent s t a g e c o n s i s t s of a cruciform load-carrying s t r u c t u r e of two p a i r s of p a r a l l e l beams, upper and lower decks, and enclosure bulkheads -- a l l of conventional skin-and-stringer aluminum a l l o y construction. The c e n t e r compartment houses the descent engine, and descent propellant tanks a r e housed i n the four square bays around the engine. The descent stage measures 10 f e e t 7 inches high by 14 f e e t 1 inch i n diameter. Pour-legged t r u s s o u t r i g g e r s mounted on the ends of each p a i r of beams serve a s SLA a t t a c h points and a s "knees" f o r the landing g e a r main s t r u t s . Triangular bays between t h e main beams a r e enclosed i n t o quadrants housing such components a s t h e ECS water tank, helium tanks, descent engine c o n t r o l assembly of t h e guidance, navig a t i o n and c o n t r o l subsystem, ECS gaseous oxygen tank, and b a t t e r i e s f o r the e l e c t r i c a l power system. Like the ascent stage, t h e descent s t a g e is encased i n the mylar and aluminum a l l o y thermal and micrometeoroid shLeld. The I;M e x t e r n a l platform, o r "porch", is mounted on the forward o u t r i g g e r j u s t below t h e forward hatch. A ladder extends down t h e forward landing gear s t r u t from t h e porch f o r crew lunar s u r f a c e operations. ��I n a r e t r a c t e d p o s i t i o n u n t l . 1 a f t e r t h e crew mans t h e LM, t h e landing g e a r struts a r e e x p l o s i v e l y extended and provide l u n a r s u r f a c e landing impact a t t e n u a t l o n W 4 e ma i n s t r u t s a r e f i l l e d with c r u s h a b l e aluminum honeycomb f o r absorbing compression l o a d s . Footpads 37 inches ( 0 . 9 5 m) I n diameter a t t h e end o f each landing g e a r provide v e h i c l e " f l o a t a t i o n " on t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e , . Each pad i s f i t t e d with a l u n a r - a u ~ f a c e s e n s i n g probe which s i g n a l s t h e crew t o s h u t down t h e d e s c e n t engine upon contact with the lunar surface. LM-11 flown on t h e Apollo 10 mission w i l l have a launch weight o f 30,849 pounds. The weight breakdown is as follows: Ascent s t a g e , d r y 4,781 l b s . Descent s t a g e , d r y 4,703 l b s . RCS propel l a n t s DPS propel l a n t s 612 ~ b s . 18,134 l b s . APS p r o p e l l a n t s Lunar Module Systems E l e c t r i c a l Power System -- The LM DC electrical system masts of s i x s i l v e r z i n c primary b a t t e r i e s -- f o u r i n the d e s c e n t s t a g e and two i n t h e a s c e n t s t a g e , each w i t h i t s own e l e c t r i c a l c o n t r o l assembly (ECA) Power f e e d e r s from a l l primary b a t t e r i e s pass through c i r c u i t b r e a k e r s t o e n e r g i z e t h e LM DC buses, from which 28-volt DC power i d distributed through c i r c u i t b r e a k e r s t o a l l LM systems. A? power (117v 400Hz) i s s u p p l i e d by two i n v e r t e r s , e l t h e r o f which can supply s p a c e c r a f t AC load needs t o t h e AC buses. . Environmental Control System -- C o n s i s t s c f t h e atmosphere r e v i t a l i z a t i o n s e e t l o n , oxygen supply n - - and cabin pressure c f ~trcl s e c t i o n , water management,-heat t r a n s p o r t s e c t i o n , and o u t i e t s f o r oxy en and water s e r v i c i n g o f t h e F o r t a b i e L i f e Support, Sys tem TPLSS). �Components of t h e atmosphere r e v i t a l i z a t i o n s e c t i o n are the s u i t c i r c u i t assembly which c o o l s and v e n t i l a t e s t h e pressure garments, reduces carbon d i o x i d e l e v e l s , removes o d c r s , noxious g a s e s and e x c e s s i v e moisture; t h e c a b i n rec l r c u l a t J o n assembly which v e n t i l a t e s and c o n t r o l s c a b i n atmosphere temperatures; and t h e steam f l e x d u c t which v e n t s t o space steam from t h e s u i t c i r c u i t water e v a p o r a t o r . The oxygen supply and cabin p r e s s u r e s e c t i o n s u p p l i e s gaseous axygen t c t h e atmosphere r e v i t a l i z a t i o n s e c t i o n f o r maintaining s u i t and c a b i n p r e s s u r e . The d e s c e n t s t a g e oxygen supply provides d e s c e n t f l i g h t phase and l u n a r s t a y oxygen needs, and t h e a s c e n t s t a g e oxygen supply provides oxygen needs f o r t h e a s c e n t and rendezvous f l i g h t phase. Water f o r d r i n k i n g , cooling, f i r e f i g h t i n g , food p r e p a r a t i o n , and r e f i l l i n g t h e PLSS c o o l i n g water s e r v i c i n g tank i s s u p p l i e d by t h e water management s e c t i o n . The water i s contained i n t h r e e n i t r o g e n - p r e s s u r i z e d bladder-type tanks, one o f 367-pound c a p a c i t y i n t h e d e s c e n t s t a g e and two of 147.5-pound c a p a c l t y i n t h e a s c e n t s t a g e . The heat t r a n s p o r t s e c t i o n h a s primary and secondary water-glycol s o l u t i o n c o o l a n t loops. The primary c o o l a n t l o o p c i r c u l a t e s water-glycol f o r temperature c o n t r o l o f cabin cnd s u i t c l r c u i t oxygen and f o r thermal c o n t r o l of b a t t e r i e s and electronic components mounted on cold p l a t e s and r a i l s . If' the primary loop becomes i n o p e r a t i v e , t h e secondary loop c i r c u l a t e s c o o l a n t through t h e r a i l s and c o l d p l a t e s only. E u i t c i r c u i t c ~ o l i n gd u r i n g secondary c o o l a n t loop o p e r a t i o n ?s provided by the s u i t loop water b o i l e r . Waste h e a t from b o t h l o o p s is v e n t e d overboard by water e v a p o r a t i o n o r subllrnators. Zomunlcation System -- Two S-band t r a n s m i t t e r - r e c e i v e r s , two VHF t r a n s m i t t e r - r e c e i v e r s , a s i g n a l processing assembly, and a s s o c t a t e d s p a c e c r a f t antenna make up t h e LM communications system. The system t r a n s m i t s and r e c e i v e s v o i c e , t r a c k i n g and ranglng d a t a , and t r a n s m i t s t e l e m e t r y d a t a on 281 measurements and TV s i g n a l s t o t h e ground. Voice communications between t h e TLM and ground s t a t i o n s i s by S-band, and between t h e LN and CSM voice i s on VHF. �Real-time commands t o t h e l u n a r module are r e c e i v e d and encoded by t h e d i g i t a l u p l i n k assembly--a black box t i e d i n t o the S-band r e c e i v e r . The d i g i t a l u p l i n k assembly w i l l be used on Apollo 10 t o arm and f i r e thg a s c e n t propulsion system f o r the unmanned APS d e p l e t i o n burn following f i n a l docking and LM j e t t i s o n . LM-4 w i l l b e t h e l a s t s p a c e c r a f t t o be f i t t e d with equipment f o r a c c e p t i n g r e a l - t i m e commands from t h e ground. The d a t a s t o r a g e e l e c t r o n i c s assembly (DSEA) i s a f o u r channel voice r e c o r d e r with timing s i g n a l s w i t h a 10-hour recording c a p a c i t y which w i l l be brought back i n t o t h e CSM for r e t u r n t o Earth. DSEA r e c o r d i n g s cannot be "dumped" t o ground s t a t i o n s . rsJI antennas a r e one 26-inch diameter p a r a b o l i c S-band s t e e r a b l e antenna, two S-band i n f l i g h t antennas and two VHF I n f l i g h t antennas. Guidance, Navigation and Control System -- Comprised o f six s e c t i o n s : idance and n a v i g a t l o n s e c t i o n (PGNS), a b o r t guidance radar section, control electronics s e c t i o n (CES), and o r b i t a l r a t e d r i v e e l e c t r o n i c s f'or Apollo and LM (ORDEAL). * The PGNS i s a n i n e r t i a l system a i d e d by t h e alignment o p t i c a l t e l e s c o p e , a n i n e r t i a l measurement u n i t , and t h e r e n dezvous and landing r a d a r s . The system provides i n e r t i a l r e f e r e n c e d a t a f o r computations, produces i n e r t fa1 alignment r e f e r e n c e by feeding o p t i c a l s i g h t i n g data i n t o the LM guidance computer, d i s p l a y s p o s i t i o n and v e l o c i t y d a t a , computes TA-CSM rendezvous d a t a from r a d a r i n p u t s , c o n t r o l s a t t i t u d e and t h r u s t t o maintain d e s i r e d LM t r a j e c t o r y , and c o n t r o l s d e s c e n t engine t h r o t t l i n g and gimbaling. * The AGS i s an independent backup s y s t e m f o r t h e PGNS, having i t s own i n e r t i a l s e n s o r and computer. *. The r a d a r s e c t i o n i s made up of t h e rendezvous radar which provldes CSM range and range r a t e , and l i n e - o f - s i g h t a n g l e s f o r maneuver computation t o t h e LM guidance computer; t h e landing r a d a r which provide a l t i t u d e and v e l o c i t y data t o t h e TSJI guidance computer during l u n a r l a n d i n The rendezvous radar has an o p e r a t i n g range from 80 f e e t t o 4 6 n a u t i c a l miles. The range t r a n s f e r tone assembly, u t i l i z i n g VKF e l e c t r o n i c s , i s a p a s s i v e responder t o t h e CSM VHF ranging device and i s a backup t o the rendezvous r a d a r . d �+ 217e CES c o n t r o l s I24 a t t i t u d e and t r a n s l a t i o n about a l l axes. I t a l s o c o n t r o l s by PGNS command t h e automatic o p e r a t i o n of t h e a s c e n t and d e s c e n t engines., and t h e r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l t h r u s t e r s . Manual a t t j t u d e c o n t r o l l e r and t h r u s t - t r a n s l a t i o n controller commands are a l s o handled by t h e CES. * ORDEAL, d i s p l a y s on t h e f l i g h t d i r e c t o r a t t i t u d e i n d i c a t o r , is t h e computed l o c a l v e r t i c a l i n t h e p i t c h a x i s during circular, Earth o r lunar o r b i t s . Reaction C o n t r o l System -- The LM has f o u r RCS engine c l u s t e r s o f four 100-pound (45.8 kg) t h r u s t engines each which use helium-pressurized hypergollc p r o p e l l a n t s . The o x l d l z e r 1s n i t r o g e n t e t r o x i d e , f u e l i s Aerozlne 50 ( 5 0 / 5 0 blend of hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethyl h y d r a z i n e ) . P r o p e l l a n t plumblng, valves and p r e s s u r i z i n g components are i n two p a r a l l e 1, independent s y s terns, each f e e d i n g h a l f the e n g i n e s i n each c l u s t e r . E i t h e r system is capable o f m a i n t a i n l n g a t t i t u d e a l o n e , b u t if one supp3.y system f a i l s , a p r o p e l l a n t c r o s s f e e d a l l o w s one system t o s u p p l y a l l 16 engines, A d d i t i o n a l l y , i n t e r c o n n e c t valves permit t h e RCS system t o draw from a s c e n t engine p r o p e l l a n t t a n k s . The engine c l u s t e r s a r e mounted on o u t r i g g e r s 90 degrees a p a r t on t h e a s c e n t s t a g e . The RCS provides s m a l l s t a b i l i z i n g Impulses d u r i n g a s c e n t and d e s c e n t burns, c o n t r o l s LM a t t i t u d e d u r i n g maneuvers, and produces t h r u s t f o r s e p a r a t i o n , and ascent/deseent engine tank u l l a g e . The system may be o p e r a t e d i n e i t h e r t h e p u l s e o r s t e a d y - s t a t e modes. Descent Propulsion System -- Maximum r a t e d t h r u s t o f t h e d e s c e n t engine i s g,tjq(O pounds (4,380.9 kg) and is t h r o t t l e a b l e between 1,050 pounds (476.7 kg) and 6,300 pounds (2,860.2 kg). The engine can be gi-nbaled s i x degrees i n any d i r e c t i o n f o r o f f s e t c e n t e r of g r a v i t y trimming. P r o p e l l a n t s are heliumpressurized Aerozine 50 and n i t r o g e n t e t r o x i d e . -- The 3,500-pound (1,589 kg) Ascent Propulsion System t h r u s t a s c e n t engine i s n o t gimbaled and performs a t f u l l t h r u s t . The engine remains dormant u n t i l a f t e r t h e a s c e n t s t a g e s e p a r a t e s f r o & t h e d e s c e n t s t a g e . P r o p e l l a n t s are the same as are burned by the RCS engines and t h e d e s c e n t engine. Caution and Warning, C o n t r o l s and Displays -- These two systems have t h e same f u n c t i o n aboard t h e lunar module as t h e y do aboard t h e command module. (see CSM systems s e c t i o n . ) �Tracking and Docking Lights -- A flashing tracking l i g h t (once per second, 20 milliseconds duration) on t h e front face of the lunar module i s an a i d f o r contingency CSM-active rendezvous IH rescue. V i s i b i l i t y ranges from 400 n a u t i c a l miles through the CSM sextant t o 130 miles with the naked eye. Five docking l i g h t s analagous t o a i r c r a f t running l i g h t s a r e mounted on the IN f o r CSM-active rendezvous: two forward yellow l i g h t s , a f t white light, p o r t red l i g h t and starboard green l i g h t . All docking l i g h t s have about a 1,000-foot visibility. �SATURN V LAUNCH VEHICLE DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION The S a t - ~ r nV, 363 feet t a l l with the Apollo s p a c e c r a f t i n place, g e n e r a t e s enough t h r u s t t o place a 125-ton payload i n t o a lO5-nm c i r c u l a r o r b i t of t h e Earth, It can boost about 50 t o n s t o l u n a r o r b i t . The t h r u s t of t h e t h r e e prop u l s i v e s t a g e s range Prom almost 7.6 m i l l i o n pounds f o r t h e booster t o 230,000 pounds f o r t h e t h i r d s t a g e a t operating a l t i t u d e , Including t h e instrument u n i t , t h e launch v e h i c l e without t h e s p a c e c r a f t is 281 feet t a l l , F i r s t Stage The first s t a g e (s-IC) w a s developed j o i n t l y by t h e National Aeronauties and Space Administration's Marshall Space p l i g h t Center, Huntsville, A l a . and t h e Roeing Co. The Marshall Center assembled f o u r S-IC stages: a s t r u c t u r a l test model, a s t a t i c test version, and t h e first two f l i g h t stages. Subsequent f l i g h t s t a g e s are assembled by Boeing a t t h e Michoud Assembly F a c i l i t y , New Orleans, The S-IC s t a g e destined f o r t h e Apollo 10 mission w a s t h e second f l i g h t booster s t a t i c t e s t e d a t t h e NASA-Mississippi Test F a c i l i t y . The f i r s t S-IC test a t MTF w a s on May 11, 1967, and t h e t e s t of t h e second S-IC t h e r e -- t h e booster f o r Apollo 10 -- was completed Aug. 9, 1967. E a r l i e r f l i g h t s t a g e s were s t a t i c f i r e d a t t h e Marshall Center. The S-IC s t a g e boosts t h e space v e h i c l e t o a n a l t i t u d e of 35.8 nm a t 50 nm downrange and i n c r e a s e s t h e v e h i c l e ' s v e l o c i t y t o 5,343 knots i n 2 minutes 40 seconds of powered flight. It then s e p a r a t e s and f a l l s i n t o t h e A t l a n t i c Ocean about 351 nm downrange (30 degrees North l a t i t u d e and 74 degrees West longitude) about nine minutes a f t e r l i f t o f f . Normal propellant flow rate t o t h e f i v e F-1 engines i s Four of t h e engines a r e mounted on a r i n g , each 90 degrees from i t s neighbor, These f o u r are gimballed t o c o n t r o l t h e r o c k e t ' s d i r e c t i o n of P l i g h t . The f i f t h engine i s mounted r i g i d l y i n t h e center. 29,522 pounds p e r second. Seccnd Stage The second stage (S-11), l i k e the t h i r d stage, u s e s high performance 3-2 engines t h a t burn l i q u i d oxygen and l i q u i d hydrogen. The s t a g e ' s purpose is t o provide s t a g e boost n e a r l y t o Earth o r b i t , �SATURN V LAUNCH VEHICLE 5,031,023 LBS. FUELED 294,200 LBS .DRY / LM \ PROPE LLANTS l NSTRUMENT LIQUID OXYGEN (3,258,280 LBS.) RP-I (KEROSENE) (1,417,334 LBS .) (S- IVB . 1,074,590 isS FUELED 84,367 LBS. DRY tf / SECOND STAGE PROPELLANTS LIQUID OXYGEN (829,114 LBS .) LIQUID HYDROGEN . 261,836 LBS FUELED ST STAGE (S-IC) PROPE LLANTS LIQUID OXYGEN (190,785 LBS .) LlQUlD HYDROGEN (43,452 LBS .) NOTE: WEIGHTS AND MEASURES GIVEN ABOVE ARE FOR THE N O M I N A L VEHICLE CONFIGURATION FOR APOLLO 10. THE FIGURES M A Y VARY SLIGHTLY DUE TO CHANGES BEFORE LAUNCH TO MEET C H A N G I N G CONDITIONS. �A t outboard engine cutoff, the S-I1 separates and, following a b a l l i s t i c t r a j e c t o r y , plunges i n t o t h e Atlantic mean abmat 2,400 nm downrange from Kennedy Space Center (31 degrees ~ o p t hl a t i t u d e and 34 degrees west longitude) about 20 minutes a f t e r l i f t o f f , Five J-2 enaines power t h e S-11, The o u t e r four engines a r e equally spaced on a 17.5-foot diameter c i r c l e . These four engines may be glmbaled through a plus o r mlnus sevendegree square p a t t e r n f o r t h r u s t vector control. A s on t h e first stage, t h e c e n t e r engine (number 5) i s mounted on the s t a g e c e n t e r l i n e and is f i x e d i n position, The S - I 1 c a r r i e s t h e rocket t o an a l t i t u d e of about 101,6 nm and a distance of some 888 nm downrange, Before burnout, t h e vehicle w l l l be moving a t a speed of 13,427 knots, The outer 5-2 engines w i l l burn 6 minutes 32 seconds during t h i s powered phase, but t h e c e n t e r engine w i l l be c u t off a t 4 minutes 59 seconds of burn tine, The Space Division of North American Rockwell Corp, builds t h e S-I1 a t Seal Beach, Calif, The c y l i n d r i c a l vehicle i s made up of t h e forward s k i r t t o which t h e t h i r d s t a g e attaches, t h e l i q u i d hydrogen tar&, the l i q u i d oxygen tank (separated from t h e hydrogen tank by a common bulkhead), t h e t h r u s t s t r u c t u r e on which t h e engines a r e mounted and an i n t e r stage s e c t i o n t o which t h e first stage attaches. The common bulkhead between t h e two tanks i s heavily insulated. The S-I1 f o r Apollo 10 was s t a t i c t e s t e d by North American Rockwell a t the NASA-Nississippi Test F a c i l i t y on Aug. 9, 1968, This stage was shipped t o the t e s t s i t e v i a t h e Panama Canal f o r the t e s t f i r i n g , Third Stage The Ehird stage (s-M3) was developed by t h e McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co, a t Huntington Beach, C a l i f , A t Sacramento, Calif., t h e stage passed a s t a t i c f i r i n g t e s t on O e t , 9, 1967 a s p a r t of the preparation f o r t h e Apollo 10 mission. The stage was flown d i r e c t l y t o t h e NASA-Kennedy Space Center, Measuring 58 f e e t 4 inches long and 21 feet 8 inches i n diameter, t h e S - N B weighs 25,750 pounds Qry, A t first i g n i t i o n , i t weighs 261,836 pounds, The i n t e r s t a g e s e c t i o n weighs an a d d i t i o n a l 8,081 pounds, The s t a g e 1s 5-2 engine burns l i q u i d oxygen and l i q u i d hydrogen, �The s t a g e provides propulsion t w l c e during t h e Apollo 10 mission, The first burn occurs e d i a t e l g after separat%on from the S-XI, It w i l l last long enough (156 seconds) to Znsert t h e v e h i c l e and s p a c r c r a f t i n t o a c i r c u l a r W r t h parking o r b i t a t about 52 degrees West longitude and 32 degrees North l a t i t u d e , The second bum, which begins a t 2 hours 33 minutes 25 seconds after l i f t o f f ( f o r first opportunity t r a n s l u n a r inj e c t i o n ) o r 4 hours 2 minutes 5 seconds ( f o r second TLI opport u n i t y ) , w i l l plaee t h e stage, instrument u n i t , and spacecraft i n t o t r a n s l u n a r t r a J e c t o r y . "The burn w i l l continue u n t i l proper "nI end conditions are m e t , The f u e l tanks contain 4?,452 pounds of l i q u i d hydrogen and 190,785 pounds of IiquLd oxygen a t first i g n i t i o n , totalling 234,237 pounds of propellants, I n s u l a t i o n between t h e two tanks i s necessary because t h e l i q u i d oxygen, a t about 293 degrees below zero I?, is warm enough, r e l a t i v e l y , t o heat t h e l i q u i d hydrogen, a t 423 degrees below zero F, r a p i d l y and cause i t t o t u r n I n t o gas. Instrument Unit The instrument u n i t (IN) i s a cylinder t h r e e f e e t high and 21 f e e t 8 inches i n diameter, It weighs 4,254 pounds and contains t h e guidance, navigation, and c o n t r o l equipment which w i l l s t e e r t h e vehicle through its Earth o r b i t s and i n t o t h e f i n a l t r a n s l u n a r i n j e c t i o n maneuver, The IU a l s o contains telemetry, communieations, tracking, and crew s a f e t y systems, along with i t s own supporting e l e c t r i c a l power and environmental c o n t r o l systems, Components making up the "brain" of t h e Saturn V are mounted on cooling panels fastened t o t h e i n s i d e surface of t h e instrument u n i t skin, The "cold p l a t e s " a r e p a r t of a system t h a t removes heat by c i r c u l a t i n g cooled fluid through a heat exchanger t h a t evaporates water from a separate s u p p l y i n t o t h e vacuum of space. The six maJor systems of the instrument u n i t a r e s t r u c t u r a l , thermal control, guidance and control, measuring and telemetry, r a d i o frequency, and e l e c t r i c a l . The instrument u n i t provides navigation, guidance, and c o n t r o l of t h e vehicle; measurement of vehicle performance and environment; data transmission with ground s t a t i o n s ; radio tracking of t h e vehicle; checkout and monitoring of vehicle functions; i n i t i a t i o n of stage functional sequencing; detection f o emergency s i t u a t i o n s ; generation and network d i s t r i b u t i o n of e l e c t r i c power system operation; and p r e f l i g h t checkout and launch and f l i g h t operations. �A path-adaptive guidance scheme i s used i n t h e Saturn A programmed t r a j e c t o r y i s used i n t h e V instrument u n i t . i n i t i a l launch phase with guidance beginning only a f t e r t h e v e h i c l e h a s l e f t t h e atmosphere. This i s t o prevent movements t h a t might cause t h e v e h i c l e t o break a p a r t while a t t e m p t i n g t o compensate f o r winds, J e t streams, and g u s t s encountered i n t h e atmosphere. If such a i r c u r r e n t s d i s p l a c e t h e v e h i c l e from t h e optimum t r a j e c t o r y i n climb, t h e v e h i c l e d e r i v e s a new traJ e c t o r y . C a l c u l a t i o n s are made about once each second througho u t t h e f l i g h t . The launch v e h i c l e d i g i t a l computer and d a t a a d a p t e r perform t h e n a v i g a t i o n and guidance computations. -- The ST-124M i n e r t i a l platform t h e h e a r t of t h e navigat i o n , guidance and c o n t r o l system -- provides space-fixed r e f e r e n c e c o o r d i n a t e s and measures a c c e l e r a t i o n a l o n g t h e t h r e e mutually perpendicular a x e s of t h e c o o r d i n a t e system. I n t e r n a t i o n a l Buuiness Machines Corp., i s prime c o n t r a c t o r f o r t h e instrument u n i t and i s t h e s u p p l i e r of t h e guidance s i g n a l processor and guidance computer. Major s u p p l i e r s of instrument u n i t components a r e : E l e c t r o n i c Communications, Inc., c o n t r o l computer; Bendix Corp., ST-124M i n e r t i a l platform; and IBM Federal Systems Division, launch v e h i c l e d i g i t a l comp u t e r and launch v e h i c l e data a d a p t e r . Propulsion The 4 1 r o c k e t engines of t h e S a t u r n V have t h r u s t r a t i n g s ranging from 72 pounds t o more t h a n 1.5 m i l l i o n pounds. Some e w i n e s burn l i q u i d p r o p e l l a n t s , o t h e r s use s o l i d s . The f i v e F-1 engines i n t h e f i r s t s t a g e burn RP-1 (kerosene) and l i q u i d oxygen. Fngfnes i n t h e f i r s t s t a g e develop approximately 1,536,197 pounds of t h r u s t each a t l i f t o f f , b u i l d i n g up t o 1,822,987 pounds b e f o r e c u t o f f . The c l u s t e r of f i v e engines g i v e s t h e first s t a g e a t h r u s t range from 7,680,982 m i l l i o n pounds a t l i f t o f f t o 9,114,934 pounds just b e f o r e c e n t e r engine c u t o f f . The F-1 engine w e i ~ h salmost 10 t o n s , i s more t h a n 18 f e e t h i a h and has a n o z z l e - e x i t diameter of n e a r l y 14 f e e t . The F-1 undergoes s t a t i c t e s t i n g f o r a n average 650 seconds i n q u a l i f y i n g f o r t h e 160-second run d u r i n g t h e S a t u r n V f i r s t s t a g e b o o s t e r phase. The engine consumes almost t h r e e t o n s of p r o p e l l a n t s p e r second. �The first stage of t h e Saturn V f o r t h i s mission h a s e i g h t other rocket motors, These are t h e s o l i d - f u e l r e t r o rockets which w i l l slow and separate t h e s t a g e from t h e second stage, Each rocket produces a t h r u s t of 87,900 pounds f o r 0.6 second. The main propulsion f o r t h e seaend stage i s a c l u s t e r of f i v e 3-2 engines burning l i q u i d hydrogen and l i q u i d oxygen, Each engine develops a mean t h r u s t of more than 205,000 pounds a t 5,0:1 mixture r a t i o ( v a r i a b l e from 184,000 t o 230,000 i n pbases of f l i g h t ) , giving t h e stage a t o t a l mean t h r u s t of more than a m i l l i o n pounds. Designed t o operate i n t h e hard vacuum of space, t h e 3,500-pound 5-2 i s mere e f f i c i e n t than t h e F-1 because it burns t h e high-energy f u e l hydrogen. F-1 and 5-2 engines are produced by t h e Rocketdyne Division of North American Roekwell Corp . The second s t a g e has f o u r 21,000-pound-thrust s o l i d f u e l rocket engines. These a r e t h e u l l a g e rockets mounted on t h e S-IC/S-11 i n t e r s t a g e section, These rockets f i r e t o s e t t l e l i q u i d propellant i n t h e bottom of the main tanks and help a t t a i n a "clearn" separation from t h e first stage, they remain with t h e I n t e r s t a g e when it drops away a t second plane separation. Four retrorockets are located I n t h e S-IVB a f t i n t e r s t a g e (which never separates from the S-11) t o separate t h e S-I1 f r m the S-IVB p r i o r t o S-TVB i g n i t i o n . Eleven rocket engines perform various functions on t h e t h i r d stage. A s i n g l e 5-2 provides t h e main propulsive force; t h e r e a r e two J e t t i s o n a b l e main u l l a g e rockets and e i g h t smaller engines i n t h e two a u x i l i a r y propulsion system modules. Launch Vehicle Instrumentation and Comrnunloation A t o t a l of 2,342 measurements w i l l be taken I n f l i t on t h e Saturn V launch vehicle: 672 on the first stage, 9 6 on '?f the second stage, 386 o n t h e t h i r d stage, and 298 on t h e i n s t r u ment u n i t . The Saturn V has 16 telemetry systems: six on t h e first stage, s i x on t h e second stage, one on the t h i r d stage and t h r e e on the instmment u n i t . A C-band system and command system are a l s o on t h e instrument u n i t , Each powered stage has a range s a f e t y system a s on previous f l i g h t s , �S-IVB R e s t a r t The t h i r d s t a g e of t h e Saturn V rocket f o r t h e Apollo 10 mission w i l l burn t w i c e i n apace, The second b u m places t h e spacecraft on t h e t r a n s l u n a r t r a j e c t o r y , =Thefirst opportunity f o r t h i s burn is a t 2 hours 33 minutes and 25 seconds after JLauach,, The second opportunity f o r TLI begins a t 4 hours 2 minutes and 5 seconds after l i f t o f f , The primary p r e s s u r i z a t i o n system of the propellant tanks f o r t h e 5-nr13 restart uses a helium heater, I n t h i s sytem, nine helium storage spheres i n t h e l i q u i d hydrogen tank contain gaseous helium charged t o about 3,000 p s i , This h e f h m is passed through t h e h e a t e r wh%chh e a t s and expands t h e gas before it e n t e r s t h e propellant tanks, The h e a t e r operates on hydrogen and oxygen gas from t h e main propellant tanks, The backup system c o n s i s t s of f i v e ambient helium spheres mounted on t h e s t a g e t h r u s t s t r u c t u r e . This system, controlled by t h e f u e l repressurization c o n t r o l module, can repressurize %he tanks i n case t h e primary system fails, !Phe r e s t a r t w i l l use t h e primary system. If t h a t system fails, t h e backup system w i l l be used. The t h i r d stage f o r Apollo 10 w i l l not be Ignited f o r a t h i r d burn a s on Apollo 9, Following spacecraft separation i n t r a n s l u n a r t r a j e c t o r y , the s t a g e w i l l undergo the normal 5-2 engine chilldown sequence, stopping j u s t short of r e i g n i t i o n , On Apollo 10 t h e r e i s no requirement f o r a t h i r d burn, and t h e r e w i l l not be s u f f i c i e n t propellants aboard, most of t h e f u e l s having been expended during the tranalunar i n j e c t i o n maneuver, Differences i n Apollo 9 and Apollo 10 Launch vehicles Two modifications r e s u l t i n g from problems encountered during the second Saturn V f l i g h t were incorporated and proven successful an t h e t h i r d and f o u r t h Saturn V missions. The new helium prevalve c a v i t y pressurization system w i l l again be flown on the first (s-IC) stage of Apollo 10, New augmented spark I g n i t e r l i n e s which f l e w on t h e engines of t h e two upper s t a g e s of Apollo 8 and 9 w i l l again be used on Apollo 10, �The major first s t a g e (s-IC) d i f f e r e n c e s between Apollo 9 and 10 a r e : 1. pounds, Dry weight was reduced from 295,600 t o 294,200 2. Weight a t ground i g n i t i o n increased from 5,026,200 t o 5,031,023 pounds. 3. Instrumentation measurements were increased from 666 t o 672. S-I1 s t a g e changes a r e : 1. Nominal vacuum t h r u s t f o r 5-2 engines i n c r e a s e w i l l change maximum s t a g e t h r u s t from 1,150,000 t o 1,168,694 pounds. 2. The approximate empty weight of t h e S-I1 has been reduced from 84,600 t o 84,367 pounds. The S-IC/S-11 i n t e r stage weight was reduced from 11,664 t o 8,890 pounds. 3. Approximate s t a g e g r o s s l i f t o f f weight was increased from 1,069,114 t o 1,074,590 pounds. 4. to 986. 975 Instrumentation measurements increased i ~ m Major d i f f e r e n c e s on t h e S-IVB s t a g e of Apollo 9 and 10 a r e : S - N B dry s t a g e weight increased from 25,300 t o T h i s does n o t include t h e 8,084-pound i n t e r stage section. 1. 25,750 pounds. 2. S-NB 8r o s s s t a g e weight a t l i f t o f f increased from 259,337 t o 261, 36 pounds. 3. Instrumentation measurements were increased from 296 t o 386. �APOLLO 10 CREW L i f e Support muipment - Space S u i t s Apollo 10 crewmen w i l l wear two versions of t h e Apollo space s u i t : an i n t r a v e h i c u l a r p r e s s u r e garment assembly worn by t h e command module p i l o t and t h e e x t r a v e h i c u l a r press u r e garment assembly worn by the commander and the lunar module p i l o t , Both versions a r e b a s i c a l l y i d e n t i c a l except t h a t t h e e x t r a v e h i c u l a r version has an i n t e g r a l thermal/ meteoroid garment over the b a s i c s u i t . From the s k i n o u t , the b a s i c pressure garment c o n s i s t s of a nomex comfort l a y e r , a neoprene-coated nylon pressure bladder and a nylon r e s t r a i n t l a y e r , The o u t e r l a y e r s of t h e i n t r a v e h i c u l a r s u i t a r e , from t h e inside o u t , nomex and two l a y e r s of Tef lon-coated Beta c l o t h . The e x t r a v e h i c u l a r i n t e g r a l thermal/meteoroid cover c o n s i s t s o f a l i n e r o f two l a y e r s of neoprene-coated nylon, seven l a y e r s o f ~ e t a / K a p t o nspacer laminate, and an o u t e r l a y e r o f Teflon-coated Beta f a b r i c . The e x t r a v e h i c u l a r s u i t , t o g e t h e r with a l i q u i d cooling garment, p o r t a b l e l i f e support system (PLsS), oxygen purge system, e x t r a v e h i c u l a r v i s o r assembly and o t h e r components make up t h e e x t r a v e h i c u l a r m o b i l i t y u n i t (EMU). The EMD provides an e x t r a v e h i c u l a r crewman with l i f e support f o r a , f o u r hour mission o u t s i d e t h e l u n a r module without r e p l e n i s h i n g expendables. EPlIZ t o t a l weight i s 183 pounds. The i n t r a vehicular suit weighs 35.6 pounds. Liquid cooling garment--A k n i t t e d nylon-spandex garment w i t h a network of p l a s t i c tubing through which cooling watelr from the PLSS i s c i r c u l a t e d . It i s worn next t o the s k i n and r e p l a c e s t h e constant wear-garment during EVA only. Portable l i f e support system--A backpack supplying oxygen a t 3.9 p s i and cooling water t o t h e l i q u i d cooling garment. Return oxygen i s cleansed o f s o l i d and gas contaminants by a l i t h i u m hydroxide canister. The PLSS i n c l u d e s communications and telemetry equipment, d i s p l a y s and c o n t r o l s , and a main power supply. The PLSS i s covered by a thermal i n s u l a t i o n Jacket. (one stowed i n LM). Oxygen purge sys tern--Mounted a t o p t h e PLSS, the oxygen purge system provides a contingency 30-minute supply of gaseous oxygen i n two two-pound b o t t l e s p r e s s u r i z e d t o 5,880 p s i a . The system may a l s o be worn s e p a r a t e l y on the f r o n t of t h e pressure garment assembly t o r s o , It serves as a mount f o r t h e VHF antenna f o r the PLSS. (Two stowed i n LM) . ��HOLD DOWN STRAP ACCESS FLAP L U V Y lAPt SHOULDER DISCONNECT \ CONNECTOR COVER CHEST COVER SUNG LASSES +--SHELL -+iNSUlATION +-LINER PENLIGHT POCKET TYPICAL CROSS SECTION LM RESTRAINT BELT ASSEMBLY LITY POCKET SLlDE FASTENER DATA LIST POCKET WRIST CLAMP ASSIST STRAP URINE TRANSFER CONNECTOR AND BIOMEDICAL INJECTION P ! LOOP TAPE L U U P IAPE ACTIVE DOSIMETER POCKET ENTRANCE SLIDE FASTENER FLAP a ------I/, '\I , L ASSISTS SCISSORS POCKET CHECKLIST POCKET �-56~- BACKPACK SUPPORT STRAPS OXYGEN PURGE SYST CKPACK CONTROL BOX SYSTEM ACTUATOR PENLIGHT POCKET CONNECTOR COVER COMMUNICATION, VENT1 LATI ON, AND LIQUI D COOLING PURGE SYSTEM LM RESTRA lNT R ING INTEGRATED THERMAL METEOR0 I D GARMENT UR INE TRANSFER CONNECTOR, DOS IMETER ACCESS FLAP AND DONN I NG LANYARD POCKET UTILITY POCKET �Extravehicular v i s o r assembly--A polycarbonate s h e l l and two v i s o r s with thermal c o n t r o l and o p t i c a l coatings on them, The EVA v i s o r i s attached over t h e pressure helmet t o provide impact, micrometeoroid, thermal and l i g h t protection t o t h e EVA crewman. Extravehicular gloves--Built of an o u t e r s h e l l of Chromel-R f a b r i c and thermal i n s u l a t i o n t o provide protect i o n when handling extremely hot and cold o b j e c t s , he f i n g e r t i p s a r e made of s i l i c o n e rubber t o provide the crewman more sensitivity. A one -piece cons tan%-wear garment, similar t o " long johns", is worn as an undergarment f o r the space suit in i n t r a vehicular operations and f o r the i n f l i g h t coveralls. The garment 5s porous-knit cotton with a waist-to-neck zipper f o r doming. Biomedical harness a t t a c h points are provided. During periods out of the space s u i t s , crewmen w i l l wear two-piece Teflon f a b r i c i n f l i g h t c o v e r a l l s f o r warmth and f o r pocket stowage of personal items. Communications c a r r i e r s ( " ~ n o o p yh a t s " ) with redundant microphones and earphones a r e worn w i t h the pressure helmet; a lightweight headset i s worn with the i n f l i g h t coveralls, Meals The Apollo 10 crew has a wide Pange of food items from which t o s e l e c t t h e i r d a i l y mission space menu, More than 60 items comprise the food s e l e c t i o n l i s t of freeze-dried rehydratable foods. I n addition, one "wet pack" meal-per-man per-day w i l l be stowed f o r a t o t a l of 27. These meals, cons i s t i n g of foil-wrapped beef and potatoes, ham and potatoes and turkey chunks and gravy, a r e s i m i l a r t o the Christmas meals c a r r i e d aboard Apollo 8 and can be eaten with a spoon. Water f o r drinking and rehydrating food is obtained from three sources i n the command module a dispenser f o r drinking water and two water spigots a t the food preparation s t a t i o n , one supplying water a t about 155 degrees F., the other a t about 55 degrees F, The potable water dispenser s q u i r t s water continuously as long a s the t r i g g e r i s held down, and the food preparation s p i g o t s dispense water i n one-ounce increments. -- �Command module potable water i s supplied from s e r v i c e module f u e l ce 11 byproduct water, Three one - p i n t " p i c n i c Jugs", o r p l a s t i c bags, w i l l be stowed aboard Apollo 10 f o r drinking water, Each crewman once a day w i l l f i l l a bag with water and then s p i n it up t o s e p a r a t e t h e suspended hydrogen gas from t h e water so t h a t he w i l l have hydrogenl e s s water t o d r i n k t h e following day. The suspended hydrogen i n t h e f u e l c e l l byproduct water has caused i n t e s t i n a l d i e comfort t o crewmen i n previous Apollo missions. A continuous-feed hand water dispenser similar t o t h e one i n the command module i s used aboard the l u n a r module f o r cold-water rehydration of food packets stowed aboard t h e M. A f t e r water has been i n j e c t e d i n t o a food bag, it is kneaded f o r about t h r e e minutes, TZle bag neck i s then c u t o f f and t h e food squeezed i n t o t h e crewman's mouth. A f t e r a meal, germicide p i l l s attached t o t h e o u t s i d e of the. food bags a r e placed i n the bags t o prevent fermentation and gas formation. The bags a r e then r o l l e d and stowed i n waste d i s p o s a l compartments, The day-by-day, meal-by-meal Apollo 10 menu f o r each crewman f o r both t h e command module and the l u n a r module i s l i s t e d on t h e following pages. �MEAL Day 2, 6, 1 0 Day I*, 5, 9 A Peaches Bacon Squares (8) Cinn Tstd Bread Cubes (4) Grapefruit Drink Orange Drink F r u i t Cocktail Sugar Coated Corn Flakes Bacon Squares (8) Grapefruit Drink Grape Drink B Salmon Salad Chicken & Rice** Sugar Cookie Cubes (4) Cocoa Grape Punch P o t a t o Soup Chicken & Vegetables Tuna Salad Pineapple Fruitcake (4) Orange Drink S (D I Day 3, 7, 11 Peaches Bacon Squares (8) Strawberry Cubes (4) Cocoa Orange Drink Cream of Chicken Soup (Turkey & Gravy Wet Pack) Butterscotch Pudding Brownies ( 4 ) G r a p e f r u i t Drink - F r u i t Cocktail Sausage P a t t i e s Bacon Squares (8) Cocoa Grape Drink P o t a t o Soup Pork & Scalloped P o t a t o a Applesauce Orange Drink & \O I C - (Beef & Potatoes Wet pack) Cheese Cracker Cubes (4) Chocolate Pudding Grange-Grapefruit Drink *Day 1 c o n s i s t s of Meal C only **Nev spoon-bowl package Spaghetti & Meat Sauce** (Ham & Potatoes Wet pack) Banana Pudding Pineapple-Grapefruit Drink - Pea Soup Beef StewY* Chicken Salad Chocolate Cubes (4) Grape Punch Shrimp Cocktail Chicken Stew** Turkey B i t e s (4) Date Fruitcake ( 4 ) Orange-Grapefruit Drink �APOLLO 10 (YOUNG) MEAL Day l*,5 , 9 Day 2, 6, 10 A Peaches Bacon Squares (8) Cinn Tstd Bread Cubes ( 4 ) Grapefruit' Drink Orange Drink F r u i t Cocktail Sugar Coated Corn Flakes Brownies ( 4 ) Grapefruit Drink Grape Drink B Salmon Salad Chicken & Rice** Sugar Cookie Cubes (4) Cocoa Grape Punch Potato Soup Tuna Salad Chicken & Vegetables Pineapple Fruitcake ( 4 ) Pineapple-Grapefruit Drink '3 CD I C - (Beef & Potatoes Wet pack) Cheese Cracker Cubes ( 4 ) Chocolate Pudding Orange-Grapefruit Drink *T)sy 1 c o n s i s t s o f Meal C: only **Nev spoon-Sow1 psckage S p a g h e t t i & Meat SauceY* (Ham & P o t a t o e s Wet pack) Banana Pudding Grange Drink - Day 3, 7, 11 Peaches Bacon Squares (8) Strawberry Cubes ( 4 ) Cocoa Orange Drink Cream of Chicken Soup (Turkey & Gravy - Wet Pack) Butterscotch Pudding Grapefruit Drink Beef StewY* Chicken Salad Corn Chowder Chocolate Cubes ( 4 ) Grape Punch F r u i t Cocktail Sausage P a t t i e s Bacon Squares (8) Cocoa Grape Drink Pea Soup Pork & Scalloped P c t s t o e s Applesauce Orange D r i n k Shrimp Cocktail Chicken Stew** Turkey Bites ( 4 ) Date Fruitcake (4) Orange-Grapef r u i t Drink �MEAL Uay l * , 5, 9 Day 2, 6, 1 0 A Peaches Bacon Squares (8) Cinn T s t d Bread Cubes (4) Orange Drink Orange-Pineapple Drink F r u i t Cocktail Sugar Coated Corn F l a k e s Bacon Squares (8) Orange Drink Grape Drink B Salmon S a l a d Chicken & Rice** Sugar Cookie Cubes ( 4 ) Cocoa Grape Punch P o t a t o Soup Tuna Salad Chicken & Vegetables Brownies (4) Orange-Grapefruit Drink Day 3, 7, 11 Peaches Bacon Squares (8) Strawberry Cubes ( 4 ) Cocoa Orange Drink Cream of Chicken Soup (Turkey & Gravy Wet pack) Cinn T s t d Bread Cubes ( L ) B u t t e r s c o t c h Pudding Pineapple-Grapefrui t Drink - Day 4, 8 F m i t Cocktail Sausage P a t t i e s Bacon Squares (8) Cocoa Grape Drink P o t a t o Soup Pork & Scalloped P o t a t o e s Applesauce Orange Drink Y I ui I-' I C Cream of Chicken Soup Wet pack) (Beef & P o t a t o e s Cheese Cracker Cubes ( 4 ) F r u i t Cocktail Orange-Grapefruit Drink - *Day 1 c o n s i s t s of Meal C only **New spoor-'mwl package S p a g h e t t i & Meat Sauce** (Ham & P o t a t o e s Wet pack) Banana Pudding Orange Drink - Pea Soup Chicken S a l a d Beef Stew** Grape Punch Shrimp C o c k t a i l Chicken Stew** Turkey B i t e s (6) Chocolate Cubes (6) Orange-Grapefruit Drink �-62- APOLLX) 10 ZM MENU Meal A F m it Cocktail Bacon Squares ( 8 ) Brownies ( 4 ) Orange Drink Grape Punch Meal I3 Beef and Vegetables Pineapple F r u i t c a k e (4) Orange-Grapefruit Drink Grape Punch Meal C Cream o f Chicken Soup Beef Hash Strawberry Cubes (4) Pineapple-Grapefruit ."I Drink 2 man-days only L meals p e r overwrap Red and Blue Velcro �Personal Hygiene Crew personal hygiene equipment aboard Apollo 10 i n cludes body c l e a n l i n e s s items, t h e waste management system and one medical k i t . Packaged with t h e food a r e a toothbrush and a two-ounce tube of t o o t h p a s t e f o r each crewman. Each man-meal package contains a 3.5-by-four-Inch wet-wipe cleansing towel. Additionally, t h r e e packages of 12-by-12-Inch dry towels ape stowed beneath t h e command module p i l o t ' s couch. Each package c o n t a i n s seven towels. Also stowed under t h e command module p i l o t ' s couch a r e seven t i s s u e d i s p e n s e r s containing 53 t h r e e p l y t i s s u e s each. S o l i d body wastes are c o l l e c t e d i n Gemini-type p l a s t i c d e f e c a t i o n bags which contain a germicide t o prevent b a c t e r i a and gas formation. The bags a r e sealed a f t e r use and stowed i n empty food c o n t a i n e r s f o r p o s t - f l i g h t a n a l y s i s . Urine c o l l e c t i o n devices a r e provided f o r use while wearing e i t h e r the pressure s u i t o r the f n f l i g h t c o v e r a l l s . The u r i n e i s dumped overboard through t h e s p a c e c r a f t u r i n e dump valve i n the CM and s t o r e d i n t h e LM. The 5 x 5 ~ 8 - i n c hmedical accessory k i t i s stowed i n a cornpartment on t h e s p a c e c r a f t r i g h t s i d e w a l l beside t h e lunar module p i l o t couch. The medical k i t c o n t a i n s t h r e e motion sickness i n j e c t o r s , t h r e e pain suppression i n J e c t o r s , one twoounce b o t t l e f i r s t a i d ointment, two one-ounce b o t t l e eye drops, t h r e e n a s a l sprays, two compress bandages, 12 adhesive bandages, one o r a l thermometer and two s p a r e crew biomedical harnesses. P i l l s i n t h e medical k i t a r e 60 a n t i b i o t i c , 12 nausea, 12 s t i m u l a n t , 18 pain k i l l e r , 60 decongestant, 24 d i a r r h e a , 72 a s p i r i n and 2 1 sleeping. Additionally, a small medical k i t containing four stimulant, e i g h t d i a r r h e a , two s l e e p i n g and four pain k i l l e r p i l l s , 12 a s p i r i n , one b o t t l e eye drops and two compress bandages i s stowed i n t h e lunar module f l i g h t d a t a f i l e compartment. Survival Gear The s u r v l v a l k i t i s stowed i n two rucksacks in the r i g h t hand forward equipment bay above t h e lunar module p i l o t . Contents of rucksack No. 1 are: two combination s u r v i v a l l i g h t s , one d e s a l t e r k i t , t h r e e p a i r sunglasses, one r a d i o beacon, one spare r a d i o beacon b a t t e r y and s p a c e c r a f t connector cable, one k n i f e i n sheath, t h r e e water c o n t a i n e r s and two cont a i n e r s of Sun l o t i o n . ��Rucksack No. 2: one three-man l i f e raft with CO i n f l a t e r , one sea anchor, two s e a dye markers, t h r e e unbonnets, one mooring lanyard, t h r e e manllnes, and two a t t a c h brackets. 5 The s u r v i v a l k i t is designed t o provide a 48-hour postlanding (water o r land) s u r v i v a l c a p a b i l i t y f o r t h r e e crewmen between 40 degrees North and South l a t i t u d e s . Biomedical I n f l i g h t Monitorin4 The Apollo 10 crew biomedical telemetry d a t a received by the Manned Space F l i g h t Network w i l l be relayed f o r Instantaneous d i s p l a y a t Mission Control Center where h e a r t r a t e and breathing r a t e d a t a w i l l be displayed on the f l i g h t surgeon's console. Heart r a t e and r e s p i r a t i o n rate average, range and d e v i a t i o n a r e computed and displayed on d i g i t a l TV screens. I n a d d i t i o n , t h e instantaneous h e a r t r a t e , real-time and delayed EXG and r e s p i r a t i o n a r e recorded on s t r i p c h a r t s f o r each man. Biomedical telemetry w i l l be simultaneous from a l l crewmen while i n the CSM, but s e l e c t a b l e by a manual onboard switch i n the LM. Biomedical data observed by t h e f l i g h t surgeon and h i s team i n the L i f e Support Systems S t a f f Support Room w i l l be c o r r e l a t e d wlth s p a c e c r a f t and space s u i t environmental data displays. Blood pressures a r e no longer telemetered as they were i n the Mercury and Gemini programs. Oral temperature, however, can be measured onboard f o r d i a g n o s t i c purposes and voiced down by the crew In case o f i n f l i g h t i l l n e s s . Rest-Work Cycles A l l t h r e e Apollo 10 crewmen w i l l s l e e p simultaneously during r e s t periods. The average mission day w i l l c o n s i s t of 16 hours of work and e i g h t hours of r e s t . Two crewmen normally w i l l s l e e p i n t h e s l e e p s t a t i o n s ( s l e e p i n g bags) under t h e couches, w i t h t h e t h i r d man i n the couch. During r e s t periods, one crewman w i l l wear h i s communications headset. The only exception t o t h i s s l e e p i n g arrangement w i l l be during the r e s t period on lunar o r b i t i n s e r t i o n day, when two crewmen w i l l s l e e p i n the couches s i n c e the docking probe and drogue assemblies w i l l be stowed i n one o f t h e s l e e p s t a t i o n s . When poss'ible, a l l t h r e e crewmen w i l l e a t together i n onehour e a t p e r i o d s during which o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s w i l l be held t o a minimum. �The crewmen of Apollo 10 have spenlt; more than f i v e hours of forrnal crew t r a i n i n g f o r each hour of t h e l u n a r - o r b i t missiont s e i g h t -day d u r a t i o n . Almost 1,000 hours of t r a i n i n g were i n the Apollo 10 crew t r a i n i n g s y l l a b u s over and above t h e normal p r e p a r a t i o n s f o r the mission--technical b r i e f i n g s and reviews, p i l o t meetings and study. The Apollo 10 crewmen also took p a r t i n s p a c e c r a f t manuf a c t u r i n g checkouts a t the Nosrth American Rockwell p l a n t i n Downey , C a l i f . , a t Orumman A i r c r a f t Engineering Gorp,, Bethpaga, N.Y., and i n prelaunch t e s t i n g a t NASA Kennedy Space Center. Taking p a r t i n f a c t o r y and launch a r e a t e s t i n g has provided t h e crew with thorough o p e r a t i o n a l knowledge of the complex vehicle. Highlights of s p e c i a l i z e d ApoPlo 10 crew t r a i n i n g t o p i c s are: * Detailed s e r i e s of b r i e f i n g s on s p a c e c r a f t systems, operation and modifications. * Saturn launch vehicle b r i e f i n g s on countdown, range s a f e t y , f l i g h t dynamics, f a i l u r e modes and a b o r t conditions. The launch vehicle b r i e f i n g s were updated p e r l o d e a l l y . * Apollo ouidance and Navigation system b r i e f i n g s a t the Massachusetts I n s t i t u t e of Technology I n s t e n t a t i o n Laboratory. * B r i e f i n g s and continuous t r a i n i n g on mission photographic o b j e c t i v e s and use of camera equipment. * Extensive p i l o t p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n reviews of a l l f l i g h t procedures f o r normal as well as emergency s i t u a t i o n s . * Stowage reviews and p r a c t i c e i n t r a i n i n g s e s s i o n s i n t h e s p a c e c r a f t , mockups and command module simulators allowed t h e crewmen t o evaluate s p a c e c r a f t stowage of crew-associated equipment. * More than 300 hours of t r a i n i n g p e r man i n command module and lunar module simulators a t NSC and KSC, including cloeedloop simulations with f l i g h t c o n t r o l l e r s i n t h e Mission Control Center. Other Apollo simulators a t various l o c a t i o n s were used e x t e n s i v e l y f o r s p e c i a l i z e d crew t r a i n i n g . * Entry c o r r i d o r d e c e l e r a t i o n p r o f i l e s a t lunar-return conditions i n t h e MSC F l i g h t Acceleration F a c i l i t y manned centrifuge, �* Zero-g a i r c r a f t f l i g h t s using command module and lunar module mockups f o r EVA and pressure s u i t doffing/donning p r a c t i c e and t r a i n i n g . * Underwater zero-g t r a i n i n g i n the MSC Water Immersion F a c i l i t y using spacecraft mockups t o f a m i l i a r i z e f u r t h e r crew with a l l a s p e c t s of CSM-LM docking tunnel i n t r a v e h i c u l a r t r a n s f e r and GVA i n pressurized s u i t s . * Water e g r e s s t r a i n i n g conducted i n indoor tanks a s well as i n t h e Gulf of Mexico included uprighting from the Stable I1 p a a i t i o n (apex downj t o the S t a b l e I p o s i t i o n (apex up), egress onto r a f t s and h e l i c o p t e r pickup. * Launch pad egress t r a i n i n g from mockups and from the a c t u a l s p a c e c r a f t on the launch pad f o r possible emergencies such as f i r e , contaminants and power f a i l u r e s . + The t r a i n i n g covered use of Apollo s p a c e c r a f t f i r e suppress ion equipment i n t h e cockpit. * Planetarium reviews a t Morehead Planetarium, Chapel and a t G r i f f i t h Planetarium, Los Angeles, Calif., of t h e c e l e s t i a l sphere with s p e c i a l emphasis on the 37 navigational s t a r s used by t h e Apollo guidance computer. H i l l , N.C., �Crew Biographies NAME: Thomas P. S t a f f o r d ( c o l o n e l , USAF) Apollo 10 commander NASA Astronaut BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born September 17, 1930, i n Weatherford, Okla., where h i s mother, Mrs. Mary E l l e n S t a f f o r d , now resides. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black h a i r , blue eyes; height: weight: 175 pounds. 6 feet; EDUCATION: Qraudated from Weatherford High School, Weatherford, Okla.; received a Bachelor of Science degree from the United S t a t e s Naval Academy i n 1952; r e c i p i e n t of an Honorary Doctorate of Science from Oklahoma C i t y U n i v e r s i t y i n 1967. MARITAL STATUS: Married t o t h e former Faye L. Shoemaker of Weatherford, Okla. H e r p a r e n t s , M r . and Mrs. E a r l e R. Shoemaker, r e s i d e i n Thomas, Okla. CHILDREN: Dionne, July 2, 1954; Karin, Aug. 28, 1957. H i s hobbies include handball, weight l i f t i n g and swimming. OTHER ACTIVITIES: ORGANIZATIONS: Pilots. Member of t h e S o c i e t y o f Experimental Test SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded two NASA Exceptional Service Medals and t h e A i r Force Astronaut Wings; t h e Distinguished Flying Cross; the A I A A A s t r o n a u t i c s Award; and co-rec i p i e n t of t h e 1966 Harmon I n t e r n a t i o n a l Aviation Trophy. EXPERIENCE: Staffo.rd, an A i r Force c o l o n e l , was colnmissioned i n i n t h e United S t a t e s A i r Force upon graduation from Annapolis. Following h i s f l i g h t t r a i n i n g , he flew f i g h t e r i n t e r c e p t o r a i r c r a f t i n t h e United S t a t e s and Germany and l a t e r a t t e n d e d t h e USAF m p e r i m e n t a l F l i g h t T e s t School a t Edwards A i r Force Base, C a l i f . H e served as Chief of t h e Performance Branch a t t h e USAP Aerospace Research P i l o t School a t Edwards and was res p o n s i b l e f o r t h e s u p e r v i s i o n and a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f t h e f l y i n g curriculum f o r s t u d e n t test p i l o t s . H e was also an i n s t r u c t o r i n f l i g h t test t r a i n i n g and s p e c i a l i z e d academic s u b j e c t s - - e s t a b l i s h i n g b a s i c textbooks and d i r e c t i n g t h e w r l t i n g o f f l i g h t t e s t manuals f o r use by t h e s t a f f and s t u d e n t s . He i s co-author o f t h e P i l o t ' s Handbook for Performance F l i g h t T e s t i n g and t h e Asrodynamics Handbook f o r Performance F l i g h t Testing, - �H e has accumulated over 5,000 hours f l y i n g t b e , of which over 4,000 hours are i n jet a i r c r a f t . Colonel S t a f f o r d was s e l e c t e d as an a s t r o n a u t by NASA i n September 1962. H e has s i n c e served as backup p i l o t f o r the Gemini 3 f l i g h t . CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: On Dec. 15, 1965, he and command p i l o t Walter M. S c h i r r a were launched i n t o space on the history-making Qemini 6 mission and subsequently p a r t i c i p a t e d i n the f i r s t s u c c e s s f u l rendezvous of two manned maneuverable spacec r a f t by joining the a l r e a d y o r b i t i n Gemini 7 crew. Gemini 6 returned t o Earth on k c . 1 , 1965, a f t e r 25 hours 51 minutes and 24 seconds of f l i g h t . ti He made h i s second f l i g h t as command p i l o t o f t h e Gemini 9 mission. During t h i s 3-day f l i g h t which began on June 3, 1966, the s p a c e c r a f t a t t a i n e d a c i r c u l a r o r b i t of 161 s t a t u t e m i l e s ; t h e crew performed t h r e e d i f f e r e n t types of rendezvous with the previously launched Augmented Target Docking Adapter; and p i l o t Eugene Cernan logged two hours and t e n minutes o u t s i d e t h e s p a c e c r a f t i n e x t r a v e h i c u l a r a c t i v i t y . The f l i g h t ended a f t e r 72 hours and 20 minutes with a p e r f e c t r e e n t r y and recovery as Gemini 9 landed within 0.4 naukical m i l e s of t h e des i g n a t e d t a r g e t point and 13 miles from the prlme recovery s h i p , USS WASP. �NAm: John W. Young(Commander, USN) pilot NASA Astronaut Apollo 10 conrmand module BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born i n San Francisco, C a l i f . , on Sept. 24, 1930. H i s parents, M r . and Mrs. W i l l i a m 8 . Young, r e s i d e i n Orlando, Fla. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown h a i r ; green eyes; height: 9 inches; weight: 165 pounds. 5 feet . Qraudated from Orlando High School, Orlando, Fla ; received a Bachelor o f Science degree i n Aeronautical Engineering from the Georgia I n s t i t u t e of Technology i n 1952* EIXJCATION: MARITAL STAWS: Married t o the former Barbara V. White of Savannah, Ga, Her parents, M r . and Mrs. Robert A . White, r e s i d e i n Jacksonville, Fla. CHILDREN: Sandy, Apr. 30, 1957; John, Jan. 17, 1959. OTHER ACTIVITIES: H i s hobbles a r e bicycle r i d i n g and handball. ORGAMIZATIONS: Member of the American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the Society of Experimental Test Pilots. SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded two NASA Exceptional Service Medals, t h e Navy Astronaut Wings, and three Distinguished Flying Crosses. EXPWIENCE: Upon graduation from Georgia Tech, Young entered t h e U,S, Navy i n 1952 and holds t h e rank of commander. He was a t e s t p i l o t a t t h e Naval A i r Test Center from 1959 t o 1962. Test p r o j e c t s included evaluations of t h e F8D and F4B f i g h t e r weapons systems. I n 1962, he set world time-to-climb records t o 3,000 and 25,000-meter a l t i t u d e s i n the F4B. P r i o r to h i s assignment t o NASA he was k i n t e n a n c e O f f i c e r of All-Weather -Fighter Squadron 143 a t t h e Naval A i r S t a t i o n , M i r a m a r , C a l i f . H e has logged more than 4,500 hours f l y i n g time, including more than 3,900 hours i n j e t a i r c r a f t . �CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Commander Poumze; was s e l e c t e d as an a s t r o naut by NASA in September 1962. H e served as p i l o t on t h e first manned G e m i n i f l i g h t - - a 3 - o r b i t mission, launched on March 23, 1965, during which t h e crew accomplished t h e first manned s p a c e c r a f t o r b i t a l t r a j e c t o r y modifications and l i f t i n g r e e n t r y , and f l i g h t t e s t e d all systems i n G e m i n i 3. After t h f a assignment, he was backup p i l o t f o r Gemini 6. 18, 1966, Young occupied t h e co&d p i l o t seat f o r t h e Gemini 10 mission and, with Michael C o l l i n s as p i l o t , e f f e c t e d a successf'ul rendezvous and docking with t h e Agena target vehicle. men, they i g n i t e d t h e large Agena main engine t o propel t h e docked combination t o a record a l t i t u d e of approximately 475 miles above t h e Earth--the first manned operation o f a large r o c k e t engine i n space. They later performed a completely o p t i c a l rendezvous (without r a d a r ) on a second passive Agena. A f t e r t h e rendezvous, while Young f l e w formation on t h e passive Agena, C o l l i n s performed e x t r a v e h i c u l a r a c t i v i t y t o it and recovered a micrometeorite d e t e c t i o n experiment, accomplfahing an In-space r e t r i e v a l of t h e d e t e c t o r t h a t had been o r b i t i n g the Earth f o r t h r e e months. On July The f l i g h t was concluded a f t e r 3 days and 44 revolutions-during which Gemini 10 t r a v e l e d a t o t a l d i s t a n c e of 1,275, 091 s t a t u t e miles. Splashdown occurred in the West A t l a n t i c , 529 s t a t u t e miles e a s t of' Cape Kennedy, where Gemini 10 landed 2.6 miles from the USS GUADAUANBL w i t h i n eye and camera range of t h e prime recovery v e s s e l . �NAME: Eugene A. Cernan (Commander, USN) pilot NASA Astronaut Apollo 10 lunar module BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born i n Chicago, Ill,, on March 14, 1934, H i s mother, H r s . Andrew a. Cernan, r e s i d e s i n Bellwood, Ill. Brown h a i r ; blue eyes; height: 170 pounds. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: weight: 6 feet; EDJCATION: araduated from Proviso Township High School i n Maywood, Ill.; received a Bachelor of Science degree i n E l e c t r i c a l Engineering from Purdue University and a Master of Science degree i n Aeronautical Engineering from t h e U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. MARITAL STATUS: Married t o t h e former Barbara J . Atchley of Houston, Tex. CHILDREN: Teresa Dawn, March 4 , 1963. OTHER ACTIVITIES: H i s hobbies include gardening and a l l s p o r t s activities. ORQANIZATIONS: Member of Tau Beta P i , n a t i o n a l engineering s o c i e t y ; Sigma X i , n a t i o n a l science research s o c i e t y ; and Phi Gamma Delta, n a t i o n a l s o c i a l f r a t e r n i t y . SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded t h e NASA Exceptional Service Medal; t h e Navy Astronaut Wings; and t h e Distinguished Flying Cross. EXPERIENCE: Cernan, a United S t a t e s Navy commander, received h i s commission through t h e Navy ROTC program a t Purdue. He entered f l i g h t t r a i n i n g upon h i s graduation. P r i o r t o a t t e n d i n g the Naval Postgraduate School, he was assigned t o Attack Squadrons 126 and 113 a t t h e Miramar, C a l i f . , Naval A i r S t a t i o n , H e has logged more than 3,000 hours flying time with more than 2,810 hours i n jet a i r c r a f t . CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Commander Cernan was one of t h e t h i r d group of a s t r o n a u t s s e l e c t e d by NASA i n October 1963. �He occupied t h e p i l o t seat alongside Command Pilo"u0m S t a f f o r d on t h e Gemini 9 mission. During t h i s 3-day f l i g h t which began on June 3, 1966, t h e s p a c e c r a f t a t t a i n e d a c i r c u l a r o r b i t o f 161 s t a t u t e miles; t h e crew used t h r e e d i f f e r e n t techniques t o e f f e c t rendezvous with t h e previous ly launched Augmented Target Docking Aaap t e r ; and Cernan logged two hours and t e n minutes o u t s i d e t h e spacec r a f t i n e x t r a v e h i c u l a r a c t i v i t y , The f l i g h t ended a f t e r 72 hours and 20 minutes with a p e r f e c t r e e n t r y and recovery as Gemini g landed within 1* miles of t h e prime recovery s h i p USS WASP and 3/8 of a mile from t h e predetermined t a r g e t p o i n t . He has s i n c e served as backup p i l o t f o r Gemini 12. �APOLLO LAUNCH OPERATIONS NASA's John F, Kennedy Space Center performs p r e f l i g h t checkout, t e s t , and launch of t h e Apollo 10 space v e h i c l e , A government-industry team of about 550 w i l l conduct t h e f i n a l countdown from F i r i n g Room 3 of t h e Munch Control Center (LCC). The f i r i n g room team i s backed up by more t h a n 5,000 persons who a r e d i r e c t l y involved i n launch o p e r a t i o n s a t KSC from t h e time t h e v e h i c l e and s p a c e c r a f t s t a g e s a r r i v e a t t h e c e n t e r u n t i l t h e launch i s completed, -- I n i t i a l checkout of t h e Apollo s p a c e c r a f t i b conducted i n work s t a n d s and i n t h e a l t i t u d e chrunbers i n t h e Manned Spacec r a f t Operations Building (MSOB) a t Kennew Space Center. A f t e r completion of checkout t h e r e , t h e a s s a b l e d s p a c e c r a f t I s taken t o t h e v e h i c l e Assembly Building (vAB) and mated with t h e launch vehicle. There t h e f i r s t i n t e g r a t e d s p a c e c r a f t and launch v e h i c l e tests a r e conducted, The assembled space v e h i c l e i s then r o l l e d o u t 60 t h e luanch pad f o r f i n a l p r e p a r a t i o n s and countdown t o launch, I n mid-October 1968, P l i g h t hardware f o r Apollo 10 began a r r i v i n g a t Kennedy Space Center, j u s t as Apollo 7 was being launched from Complex 34 on Cape Kennedy and as Apollo 8 and Apollo 9 were undergoing checkout a t lCennedy Space Center. The l u n a r module was t h e f i ~ s pt i e c e of' .&pollo 10 f l i g h t hardware t o a r r i v e a t KSC, The two s t a g e s e r e moved i n t o t h e a l t i t u d e chamber i n t h e Manned S p a c e c r a f t Operations Building (MSOB) a f t e r a n i n i t i a l m c e i v i n g i n s p e c t i o n i n October, I n t h e chamber &he I$I underwent systems tests and both unmanned and manned chamber runs, During t h e s e runs t h e chamber a i r was pumped out t o s i m u l a t e t h e vacuum of space a t a l t i t u d e s i n excesa of 200,000 f e e t , There t h e s p a c e c r a f t systems and t h e a s t r o n a u t s g l i f e support systems were t e s t e d , While t h e 1C4\11 was undergoLng p r e p a r a t i o n f o r i t s manned a l t i t u d e chamber runs, t h e Apollo 10 command/service module a r r i v e d a t KSC and a f t e r r e c e i v i n g i n s p e c t i o n , it, too, was placed i n a n a l t i t u d e chamber i n t h e MSOB f o r systems t e s t s and unmanned and manned chamber runs, The prime and back-up crews p a r t i c i p a t e d i n t h e chamber r u n s on both t h e LM and t h e CSM , I n January, t h e I24 and CSM were removed from t h e chambers. A f t e r i n s t a l l i n g t h e landing g e a r on t h e LM and t h e SPS engine nozzle on t h e CSM, t h e LM was encapsulated i n t h e s p a c e c r a f t W a d a p t e r (SLA) and t h e CSM was mated t o t h e SLA. On February 6, t h e assembled s p a c e c r a f t was moved t o t h e VAB where i t was mated t o t h e launch v e h i c l e , �The launch vehicle flight hardware began a r r i v i n g a t KSC i n late November, and by t h e end of December t h e t h r e e stages and t h e instrument unit were erected on t h e mobile launcher i n high bay 2, This was the first time high bay 2, on t h e west s i d e of t h e VAB, had been used f o r assembling a Saturn V, Tests were conducted on Individual systems on each of t h e s t a g e s and on t h e o v e r a l l launch vehicle before the spacecraft was erected a t o p t h e vehicle, After spacecraft erection, t h e spacecraft and launch vehicle were e l e c t r i c a l l y mated and t h e first o v e r a l l test (plugs-in) of t h e space vehicle was conducted, I n accordance with t h e philosophy of a c c m p l i s h i n g as much of t h e checkout as possible i n t h e VAB, t h e o v e r a l l test was conducted before t h e space vehicle was moved t o t h e launch pad. The plugs-in test v e r i f i e d the compatibility of the space vehicle systems, ground support equipment, and o f f - s i t e support f a c i l i t i e s by demonstrating t h e a b i l i t y of t h e systems t o proceed through a simulated countdown, launch, and f l i g h t . During t h e simulated f l i g h t portion of t h e test, t h e systems were required t o respond t o both emergency and normal f l i g h t conditions, The move t o Pad B from t h e VAB on March 11 occurred while t h e Apollo 9 c i r c l e d t h e Earth i n t h e first manned test of t h e lunar module. Apollo LO w i l l mark the first launch a t Pad B on complex 39. The first two unmanned Saturn V launches and t h e manned Apollo 8 and 9 launches took place at Pad A. It a l s o marked t h e f i r s t time t h a t t h e t r a n s p o r t e r maneuvered around t h e VAB carrying a f u l l load from high bay 2 on t h e 5-mile t r i p t o the launch pad, The s t a c e vehicle F l i g h t Readiness Test was conducted i n e a r l y April. Both t h e prime and backup crews p a r t i c i p a t e i n portions of t h e FFtT, which is a f i n a l o v e r a l l t e s t of t h e space vehicle systems and gmund support equipment when a l l systems are a s near as possible t o a launch configuration, After hypergolic f u e l s were loaded aboard the spsce vehicle, and t h e launch vehicle first s t a g e f u e l (RP-1) was brought aboard, t h e f i n a l major test of the space vehicle began. T h i s w a s the countdown demonstration test ( c D ~ ) , a d r e s s r-?hearsal f o r the f i n a l countdown t o launch, The CDM! f o r Apollo 10 was divided into a "wet" and a "dryf' portion. D u r i n g t h e first, o r "wet" portion, t h e e n t i r e countdown, including propellant loading, rlas c a r r i e d out down t o T-8.9 seconds, The astronaut crews did not p a r t i c i p a t e i n t h e w e t CDm. A t t h e completion of the wet CDEP, t h e cryogenic �. p r o p e l l a n t s ( l i q u i d oxygen and liquid hydrogen) were off-loaded, and t h e f i n a l p o r t i o n of t h e countdown was re-run, t h i s time s i m u l a t i n g t h e f u e l i n g and w i t h t h e prime a s t r o n a u t crew p a r t i c i p a t i n g as t h e y will on launch day. By t h e time Apollo 10 was e n t e r i n g t h e f i n a l phase of Its checkout procedure a t Complex 39B, crews had a l r e a d y s t a r t e d t h e checkout of Apollo 11 and Apollo 12. The Apollo 11 s p a c e c r a f t completed a l t i t u d e chamber t e s t i n g and was mated t o t h e launch v e h i c l e i n tne VAR i n mid-April a s t h e Apollo 12 CSM and LM begari checkout i n t h e a l t i t u d e chambers. Because of t h e complexity involved i n t h e checkout of t h e 363-foot-tall (110.6 meters) Apollo/Saturn V configuration, t h e launch teams make use of e x t e n s i v e automation in t h e i r checkout. Automation i s one of t h e major d i f f e r e n c e s i n checkout used on Apollo compared t o t h e procedures used i n t h e Mercury and Gemini programs. Computers, data d i s p l a y equipment, and d i g i t a l d a t a techniques are used throughout t h e automatic checkout f r o m t h e time t h e launch v e h i c l e i s e r e c t e d i n t h e VAB through l i f t o f f , A s i m i l a r , but s e p a r a t e computer o p e r a t i o n c a l l e d ACE ( ~ c c e p t a n c e Checkout Equipment) i s used t o v e r i f y t h e f l i g h t r e a d i n e s s of t h e s p a c e c r a f t . Spacecraft checkout i s c o n t r o l l e d from s e p a r a t e rooms i n t h e Manned Spacecraft Operations Building. ' �LAUNCH C O M P U X 39 Launch Complex 39 f a c i l i t i e s a t t h e Kennedy Space Center were planned and b u i l t s p e c i f i c a l l y f o r t h e Apollo S a t u r n V program, t h e s p a c e v e h i c l e t h a t will be u s e d t o c a r r y a s t r o n a u t s t o t h e Moon. Complex 39 i n t r o d u c e d t h e m o b i l e concept of l a u n c h operat,ions, a d e p a r t u r e from t h e f i x e d l a u n c h pad t e c h n i q u e s u s e d p r e v i o u s l y a t Cape Kennedy and o t h e r l a u n c h s i t e s . S i n c e t h e e a r l y 1950's when t h e first b a l l i s t i c misslles were launched, t h e f i x e d l a u n c h concept had been used on NASA m i s s i o n s , T h i s method c a l l e d f o r assembly, checkout and l a u n c h of a rocket a t one s i t e o m t h e l a u n c h pad. I n a d d i t i o n t o t y i n g up t h e pad, t h i s method a l s o o f t e n l e f t t h e flight equipment exposed t o t h e o u t s i d e i n f l u e n c e s of t h e weather f o r extended p e r i o d s . Using t h e mobile concept, t h e s p a c e v e h i c l e i s t h o r o u g h l y checked i n a n e n c l o s e d b u i l d i n g b e f o r e i t i s moved t o the launch pad f o r f i n a l p r e p a r a t i o n s . T h i s a f f o r d s g r e a t e r p r o t e c t i o n , a more s y s t e m a t i c checkout p r o c e s s u s i r g computer t e c h n i q u e s and a h i g h l a u n c h r a t e f o r t h e f u t u r e , s i n c e t h e pad time i s minimal. S a t u r n V s t a g e s are s h i p p e d t o t h e Kennedy Space C e n t e r b y ocean-going v e s s e l s and s p e c i a l l y d e s i g n e d a i r c r a f t , s u c h as the Guppy, Apollo s p a c e c r a f t modules a r e t r a n s p o r t e d by a i r . The s p a c e c r a f t components a r e f i r s t t a k e n t o t h e Manned Spacecraft O p e r a t i o n s B u i l d i n g f o r p r e l i m i n a r y checkout, The S a t u r n V s t a g e s are b r o u g h t immediately t o t h e V e h i c l e Assembly B u i l d i n g a f t e r a r r i v a l a t t h e nearby t u r n i n g b a s i n . Apollo 10 i s t h e f i r s t v e h i c l e t o be launched from Pad B, Complex 39. "11 p r e v i o u s S a t u r n V v e h i c l e s were launched Pad A a t Complex 39, The h i s t o r i c first l a u n c h of t h e S a t u r n V, d e s i g n a t e d Apollo 4 , took p l a c e Nov. 9, 1967 a f t e r a p e r f e c t countdown and on-time l i f t o f f a t 7 a.m. EST. The second S a t u r n V mission--Apollo 6--was conducted last A p r i l 4, The t h i r d S a t u r n V m i s s i o n , Apollo 8 , was conducted last Dec. 21-27. Apollo 9 was March 3-13, 1969. The major components of Complex 39 i n c l u d e : (1) t h e V e h i c l e Assembly B u i l d i n (VAB) where t h e A p o l l o 1 0 w a s assembled and p r e p a r e d ; 2 ) t h e Launch C o n t r o l C e n t e r , where t h e launch team c o n d u c t s t h o p r e l i m i n a r y checkout and f i n a l countdown; ( 3 ) t h e mobile l a u n c h e r , upon which t h e Apollo 10 was e r e c t e d f o r checkout and from where i t w i l l be launched; ( 4 ) t h e mobile s e r v i c e s t r u c t u r e , which p r o v i d e s e x t e r n a l access t o t h e s p a c e v e h i c l e a t t h e pad; ( 5 ) t h e t r a n s p o r t e r , which a r r r i e s t h e s p a c e v e h i c l e and mobile l a u n c h e r , as w e l l as t h e mobile s e r v i c e s t r u c t u r e t o t h e pad; ( 6 ) t h e crawlerway over which t h e s p a c e v e h i c l e t r a v e l s from t h e VAB t o t h e l a u n c h pad; and ( 7 ) t h e l a u n c h pad i t s e l f t , 'T �Vehicle Assembly build in^ The Vehicle Assembly Building i s t h e h e a r t of Launch Complex 39. Covering e i g h t a c r e s , i t i s where t h e 363-foot-tall space v e h i c l e i s assembled and t e s t e d . The VAB c o n t a i n s 129,482,000 cubic f e e t of space, It i s 716 f e e t long, and 518 f e e t wide and it covers 343,500 square f e e t of f l o o r space. The foundat i o n of t h e VAB rests on 4,225 s t e e l p i l i n g s , each 16 inches i n diameter, d r i v e n from 150 t o 170 f e e t t o bedrock. If placed end t o end, t h e s e p i l i n g s would extend a d i s t a n c e of 123 miles. The s k e l e t a l s t r u c t u r e of t h e b u i l d i n g c o n t a i n s approximately 60,000 t o n s of s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l . The e x t e r i o r i s covered by more t h a n a m i l l i o n square f e e t of i n s u l a t e d aluminum siding, The b u i l d i n g i s divided i n t o a h i g h bay a r e a 525 f e e t high and a low bay area 210 f e e t high, with both a r e a s s e r v i c e d by a t r a n s f e r a i s l e f o r movement of v e h i c l e s t a g e s . The low bay work a r e a , approximately 442 f e e t wide and 274 f e e t long, c o n t a i n s e i g h t s t a g e - p r e p a r a t i o n and checkout c e l l s . These c e l l s a r e equipped with systems t o s i m u l a t e s t a g e i n t e r f a c e and o p e r a t i o n with o t h e r s t a g e s and t h e instrument u n i t of t h e S a t u r n V launch v e h i c l e . A f t e r t h e Apollo 10 launch v e h i c l e upper s t a g e s a r r i v e d a t t h e Kennedy Space Center, t h e y were moved t o t h e low bay of t h e VAB. Here, t h e second and t h i r d s t a g e s underwent acceptance and checkout t e s t i n g p r i o r t o mating w i t h t h e S-IC f i r s t s t a g e a t o p mobile launcher 3 i n t h e high bay a r e a . The high bay provides f a c i l i t i e s f o r assembly and c h e c k o ~ t of both t h e launch v e h i c l e and s p a c e c r a f t . It c o n t a i n s f o u r s e p a r a t e bays f o r v e r t i c a l assembly and checkout. A t p r e s e n t , t h r e e bays a r e equipped, and t h e f o u r t h w i l l be r e s e r v e d f o r p o s s i b l e changes i n v e h i c l e c o n f i g u r a t i o n . -- -- Work platforms some as high a s t h r e e - s t o r y b u i l d i n g s in t h e high bays provide a c c e s s by surrounding t h e v e h i c l e a t varying l e v e l s . Each high bay has f i v e platforms, Each platform c o n s i s t s of two b i - p a r t i n g s e c t i o n s t h a t move i n from opposite s i d e s and mate, providing a 360-degree a c c e s s t o t h e s e c t i o n of t h e space v e h i c l e being checked. A 10,000-ton-capacity a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g system, s u f f i c i e n t t o cool about 3,000 homes, h e l p s t o c o n t r o l t h e environment within t h e e n t i r e o f f i c e , l a b o r a t o r y , and workshop complex l o c a t e d i n s i d e t h e low bay a r e a of t h e VAB. A i r c o n d i t i o n i n g i s a l s o fed t o i n d i v i d u a l platform l e v e l s l o c a t e d around t h e v e h i c l e . �There a r e 141. l i f t i n g devices i n t h e VAB, ranging from onet o n h o i s t s t o two 250-ton h i g h - l i f t brrdge cranes. The mobile launchers, c a r r i e d by t r a n s p o r t e r v e h i c l e s , move i n and out of t h e VAB through f o u r doors i n t h e high bay a r e a , one i n each of t h e bays, Each door i s shaped l i k e an i n v e r t e d T. They a r e 152 f e e t wide and 114 f e e t high a t t h e base, narrowing t o 76 f e e t i n w i d t h . T o t a l door h e i g h t i s 456 f e e t , The Lower s e c t i o n of each door i s of t h e a i r c r a f t hangar t y p e t h a t s l i d e s h o r i z o n t a l l y on t r a c k s . Above t h i s a r e seven t e l e s c o p i n g v e r t i c a l l i f t p a n e l s s t a c k e d one above t h e o t h e r , each 50 f e e t high and d r i v e n by a n i n d i v i d u a l motor, ]Each p a n e l s l i d e s over t h e next t o c r e a t e a n opening l a r g e enough t o p e n n i t passage of t h e mobile launcher, Munch Control Center Adjacent t o t h e VAB i s t h e h u n c h Control Center (LcC). This four-story s t r u c t u r e i s a r a d i c a l d e p a r t u r e from t h e dame-shaped blockhouses a t o t h e r launch s i t e s , The e l e c t r o n i c " b r a i n " of Launch Complex 39, t h e LCC was used f o r checkout and t e s t o p e r a t i o n s while Apollo 10 was being assembled i n s i d e t h e VAB. The LCC c o n t a i n s d i s p l a y , monitoring, and c o n t r o l equipment used f o r both checkout and launch o p e r a t i o n s . The b u i l d i n g has t e l e m e t e r checkout s ' t a t i o n s on i t s second f l o o r , and f o u r f i r i n g rooms, one f o r each high bay of t h e VAB, on i t s t h i r d f l o o r , Three f i r i n g rooms conta%n i d e n t i c a l s e t s of c o n t r o l and monitoring equipment, s o t h a t launch of a v e h i c l e and checkout of o t h e r s t a k e p l a c e simultaneously, A ground computer f a c i l i t y i s a s s o c i a t e d with each f i r i n g room, The high speed computer d a t a l i n k i s p r o ided between t h e LCC and t h e mobile launcher f o r checkout of t h e 1 unch v e h i c l e . This l i n k can be connected t o t h e mobile launcher t e i t h e r t h e VAB o r a t t h e pad, I The t h r e e equipped f i r i n g rooms have some 450 consoles which c o n t a i n c o n t r o l s and d i s p l a y s r e q u i r e d f o r the1 checkout process. The d i g i t a l d a t a l i n k s connecting taith t h e high b a y areas of t h e VAB and t h e launch pads car-ry v a s t amounts of data r e q u i r e d during checkout and launch, I I. There a r e 15 d i s p l a y systems i n each LCC i r i n g room, with each system capable of providing d i g i t a l infornlation i n s t a n t a n e ously, �S i x t y t e l e v i s i o n cameras a r e p o s i t i o n e d around t h e Apollo/ S a t u r n V t r a n s m i t t i n g p i c t u r e s on 10 modulated channels. The LCC f i r i n g room a l s o c o n t a i n s 112 o p e r a t i o n a l intercommunication channels used by t h e cpews i n t h e checkout and launch countdown. Mobile Launcher The mobile l a u n c h e r i s a t r a n s p o r t a b l e launch base and u m b i l i c a l tower f o r t h e space v e h i c l e . Three mobile launchers a r e used a t Complex 39. The launcher base i s a two-story s t e e l s t r u c t u r e , 25 f e e t h i g h , 160 f e e t long, and 135 f e e t wide. It i s p o s i t i o n e d on s i x s t e e l p e d e s t a l s 22 f e e t high when i n t h e VAB o r a t t h e launch pad, A t t h e launch pad, i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e s i x s t e e l p e d e s t a l s , f o u r extend a b l e columns a l s o are used t o s t i f f e n t h e mobile launcher a g a i n s t rebound l o a d s , i f t h e S a t u r n engines c u t o f f , The u m b i l i c a l tower, extending 398 f e e t above t h e launch p l a t form, i s mounted on one end of t h e launcher base. A hammerhead c r a n e a t t h e t o p h a s a hook h e i g h t of 376 f e e t above t h e deck with a t r a v e r s e r a d i u s of 85 f e e t from t h e c e n t e r of t h e tower. The 12-million-pound mobile launcher s t a n d s 445 f e e t high when r e s t i n g on its p e d e s t a l s , The base, covering about h a l f an a c r e , i s a compartmented s t r u c t u r e b u i l t of 25-foot s t e e l g i r d e r s , The launch v e h i c l e s i t s over a 45-foot-square opening which a l l o w s an o u t l e t f o r engine exhausts i n t o t h e launch pad t r e n c h c o n t a i n i n g a flame d e f l e c t o r . T h i s opening i s l i n e d w i t h a r e p l a c e a b l e s t e e l b l a s t s h i ~ l d ,independent of t h e s t r u c t u r e , and i s cooled by a water c u r t a i n i n i t i a t e d two seconds a f t e r l i f t o f f . There a r e n i n e h y d r a u l i c a l l y - o p e r a t e d s e r v l c e arms on t h e u m b i l i c a l tower, These s e r v i c e arms s u p p o r t l i n e s f o r t h e v e h i c l e u m b i l i c a l systems and provide a c c e s s f o r personnel t o t h e s t a g e s as well as t h e a s t r o n a u t crew t o t h e s p a c e c r a f t . On Apollo 10, one of t h e s e r v i c e arms i s r e t r a c t e d e a r l y i n t h e count. The Apollo s p a c e c r a f t a c c e s s arm i s p a r t i a l l y r e t r a c t e d a t T-43 minutes, A t h i r d s e r v i c e am i s r e l e a s e d a t T-30 seconds, and a f o u r t h a t about T-16.5 seconds, The remaining f i v e arms a r e s e t t o swing back a t v e h i c l e f i r s t motion a f t e r T-0. The s e r v i c e arms a r e equipped w i t h a backup r e t r a c t i o n system i n c a s e t h e primary mode f a i l s . �The Apollo a c c e s s arm ( s e r v i c e arm g ) , l o c a t e d a t t h e 320f o o t l e v e l above t h e l a u n c h e r base, provides a c c e s s t o t h e spacec r a f t c a b i n f o r t h e c l o s e o u t team and a s t r o n a u t crews, The f l i g h t crew w i l l board t h e s p a c e c r a f t s t a r t i n g about T-2 hours, 40 minutes i n t h e count, The a c c e s s a m w i l l be moved t o a parked position, 12 degrees from t h e s p a c e c r a f t , a t about T-43 minutes, T h i s i s a d i s t a n c e of about t h r e e f e e t , whish p e r m i t s a r a p i d r e c o n n e c t i o n of t h e arm t o t h e s p a c e c r a f t i n t h e event of a n emergency condition. The arm i s f u l l y r e t r a c t e d a t t h e T-5 mlnute mark i n t h e count, The Apollo 10 v e h i c l e i s secured t o t h e mobile l a u n c h e r by f o u r combination s u p p o r t and hold-down arms mounted on t h e launcher deck. The hold-down ams are c a s t i n one p i e c e , about 6 x 9 feet a t t h e b a s e and 10 f e e t t a l l , weighing more t h a n 20 t o n s . Damper s t r u t s s e c u r e t h e v e h i c l e n e a r i t s top. A f t e r t h e engines i g n i t e , the arms hold Apollo LO f o r about s i x seconds u n t i l t h e engines build u p t o 95 p e r c e n t t h r u s t and o t h e r monitored systems i n d i c a t e they a r e f u n c t i o n i n g p r o p e r l y . The arms r e l e a s e on r e c e i p t of a launch commit s i g n a l a t t h e z e r o mark i n t h e count. B u t t h e v e h i c l e i s prevented from a c c e l e r a t i n g t o o r a p i d l y by c o n t r o l l e d r e l e a s e mechanisms. Transporter The six-million-pound t r a n s p o r t e r s , t h e l a r g e s t t r a c k e d vehi c l e s known, move mobile l a u n c h e r s i n t o t h e VAB and mobile launchers w i t h assembled Apollo space v e h i c l e s t o t h e launch pad. They also a r e used t o t r a n s f e r t h e mobile s e r v i c e s t r u c t u r e t o and from t h e launch pads. Two t r a n s p o r t e r s are i n u s e a t Complex 39, The TYansporter i s 131 f e e t long and 114 f e e t wide. The v e h i c l e moves on f o u r double-tracked c r a w l e r s , each 10 feet high and 40 f e e t long, Each shoe on t h e c r a w l e r t r a c k i s seven f e e t six i n c h e s i n l e n g t h and weighs about a ton. S i x t e e n t r a c t i o n motors powered by f o u r 1,000-kilowatt gene r a t o r s , which i n t u r n a r e d r i v e n by two 2,750-ho~sepower d i e s e l engines, p r o v i d e t h e motive power f o r t h e t r a n s p o r t e r . Two 750k w g e n e r a t o r s , d r i v e n by two 1,065-horsepower d i e s e l engines, power t h e jacking, s t e e r i n g , l i g h t i n g , v e n t i l a t i n g and e l e c t r o n i c systems. Maximum speed of t h e t r a n s p o r t e r is about one-mile-per-hour loaded and about two-miles-per-hour unloaded, A five-mile t r i p t o Pad I3 with a mobile launcher, made a t l e s s t h a n maximum speed, t a k e s approximately 10-12 hours, �The t r a n s p o r t e r has a l e v e l i n g system designed t o keep t h e t o p of t h e space v e h i c l e v e r t i c a l within plus-or-minus 10 minutes of a r c about t h e dimensions of a basketball. -- This system a l s o provides l e v e l i n g operations required t o n e g o t i a t e t h e f i v e percent ramp which l e a d s t o t h e launch pad and keeps t h e load l e v e l when it i s r a i s e d and lowered on p e d e s t a l s both a t t h e pad and within t h e VAB. The o v e r a l l level t o the top transportation. b a l l diamond (90 height of t h e t r a n s p o r t e r i s 20 f e e t from ground deck on which t h e mobile launcher i s mated f o r The deck is f l a t and about t h e s i z e of a baseby 90 f e e t ) , Two operator c o n t r o l cabs, one a t each end of t h e c h a s s i s located diagonally opposite each other, provide t o t a l l y enclosed s t a t i o n s f r a m which a l l operating and c o n t r o l functions a r e coordinated. Crawlerway The t r a n s p o r t e r moves on a roadway 131 f e e t wide, divided by a median s t r i p . This i s almost a s broad a s an eight-lane turnpike and i s designed t o accommodate a combined weight of about 18 m i l l i o n pounds. The roadway i s b u i l t i n t h r e e l a y e r s with an average depth of seven f e e t . The roadway base l a y e r i s two-and-one-half f e e t of hydraulic f i l l compacted t o 95 percent density. The next l a y e r c o n s i s t s of t h r e e f e e t of crushed rock packed t o maximum density, followed by a l a y e r of one f o o t of s e l e c t e d hydraulic fill. The bed I s topped and s e a l e d w i t h an a s p h a l t prime coat. On top of t h e t h r e e l a y e r s i s a cover of r i v e r rock, e i g h t inches deep on t h e curves and s i x inches deep on t h e straightway, This l a y e r reduces the f r i c t i o n during s t e e r i n g and helps d i s t r i b u t e the load on the t r a n s p o r t e r bearings. Mobile Service S t r u c t u r e A 402-foot-tall, 9.8-million-pound tower i s used t o s e r v i c e t h e Apollo launch vehicle and spacecraft a t t h e pad. The 40-story s t e e l - t r u s s e d tower, c a l l e d a mobile s e r v i c e s t r u c t u r e , provides 360-degree platform access t o t h e Saturn launch vehicle and t h e Apollo s p a c e c r a f t . -- The s e r v i c e s t r u c t u r e has f i v e platforms two self-propelled Two e l e v a t o r s carry personnel and equipment between work platforms. The platforms can open and c l o s e around t h e 363-foot space vehicle, and t h r e e fixed, but movable. �A f t e r dep<:*sitingt h e mobile launcher wLth i t s space vehicle on t h e pad, the t r 8 a n s p o r t e r r e t u r n s t o a parking a r e a about 13,000 f e e t from pad B. There i t p i c k s up the mobile s e r v i c e s t r u c t u r e and moves it t o t h e launch pad. A t t h e pad, t h e huge tower i s lowered and secured t o f o u r mount mechanisms. The t o p t h r e e work platforms are l o c a t e d i n f i x e d p o s i t i o n s which s e r v e t h e Apollo s p a c e c r a f t , The two lower movable platforms s e r v e t h e S a t u r n V. The mobile s e r v i c e s t r u c t u r e remains i n p o s i t i o n u n t i l about T-11 hours when it i s removed from i t s mounts and r e turned t o t h e parkinff area. Water Deluge System 4 water deluge system w i l l provide a m i l l i o n g a l l o n s of i n d u s t r i a l water f o r c o o l i m and f i r e prevention d u r i n g launch of Apollo 10. Once t h e s e r v i c e anns a r e r e t r a c t e d a t l i f t o f f , a s p r a y system w i l l come on t o c o o l t h e s e arms from t h e h e a t of t h e f i v e S a t u r n F-1 engines d u r i n g l i f t o f f . On t h e deck of t h e mobile launcher are 29 water nozzles. This deck deluge w i l l s t a r t immediately a f t e r l i f t o f f and w i l l pour a c r o s s t h e f a c e of t h e launcher f o r 30 seconds a t t h e r a t e of 50,000 gallons-per-minute, a f t e r 30 seconds, t h e flow w i l l be reduced t o 20,000 gallons-per-minute, Positioned on both s i d e s of t h e flame t r e n c h a r e a s e r i e s of nozzles which w i l l begin pouring water at 8,000 gallons-per-minute, 10 secorcl s before l i f t o f f . This water w i l l be d i r e c t e d over t h e flame d e f l e c t o r . Other f l u s h mounted nozzles, p o s i t i o n e d around t h e pad, w i l l wash away any f l u i d s p i l l a s a p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t f i r e hazards. Water spray systems a l s o a r e a v a i l a b l e along t h e e g r e s s r o u t e t h a t t h e a s t r o n a u t s and c l o s e o u t crews would follow i n c a s e a n emergency evacuation w a s required. Flame Trench and D e f l e c t o r The flame t r e n c h i s 58 f e e t wide and approximately s i x f e e t above mean s e a l e v e l a t t h e base. The h e i g h t of t h e t r e n c h and d e f l e c t o r i s approximately 42 f e e t . �The Tiam-.d e f l e c t o r weighs about 1.3 m i l l i o n pounds and i s s t o r e d o u t s i d e t h e flame t r e n c h on rails. Wehn i t i s moved beneath the launcher, i t i s raised h y d r a u l i c a l l y i n t o p o s i t i o n , The d e f l e c t o r i s covered w i t h a four-and-one-half-inch t h i c k ness of r e f r a c t o r y c o n c r e t e c o n s i s t i n g of a v o l c a n i c a s h aggregate and a calcuim aluminate binder. The heat and b l a s t of t h e engines a r e expected t o wear about t h r e e - q u a r t e r s of a n i n c h from t h i s r e f r a c t o r y s u r f a c e d u r i n g t h e Apollo l o launch. pad Areas Both Pad A and Pad B of -hunch Complex 39 are roughly octagonal I n shape and cover about one f o u r t h of a square mile of t e r r a i n . The c e n t e r of t h e pad i s a hardstand c o n s t r u c t e d of heavily reinforced concrete. I n addition t o supporting t h e weight of t h e mobile launcher and t h e Apollo S a t u r n V v e h i c l e , it a l s o must support t h e 9.8-million-pound mobile s e r v i c e s t r u c t u r e and 6-million-pound t r a n s p o r t e r , a l l a t t h e same time. The t o p of t h e pad s t a n d s some 48 f e e t above s e a l e v e l , Saturn V p r o p e l l a n t s -- l i q u i d oxygen, l i q u i d hydrogen and RP-1 are s t o r e d n e a r t h e pad perimeter. -- S t a i n l e s a s t e e l , vacuum-jacketed p i p e s c a r r y t h e l i q u i d oxygen (LOX) and l i q u i d hydrogen from t h e s t o r a g e t a n k s t o t h e pad, up t h e mobile launcher, and f i n a l l y i n t o t h e launch v e h i c l e p r o p e l l a n t tanks. LOX i s supplied from a 900,000-gallon s t o r a g e t a n k . c e n t r i f u g a l pump w i t h a d i s c h a r g e p r e s s u r e of 320 poundsper-square-inchpumps LOX t o t h e v e h i c l e a t flow rates as high as 10,000-gallons-per-minute. A Liquid hydrogen, u s e d i n t h e second and t h i r d s t a g e s , i s s t o r e d i n an 850,000-gallon tank, and i s s e n t through 1,500 f e e t of 10-inch, vacuum-Jacketed i n v a r pipe. A vapori z i n g h e a t exchanger p r e s s u r i z e s t h e s t o r a g e tank t o 60 p s i f o r a 10,000 gallons-per-munute flow r a t e , The RP-1 f u e l , a high grade of kerosene i s s t o r e d i n t h r e e tanks--each with a c a p a c i t y of 86,000 g a l l o n s . It i s pumped a t a r a t e of 2,000 gallons-per-minute a t 175 p s i g , The Complex 39 pneumatic system i n c l u d e s a convertercompressor f a c i l i t y , a pad high-pressure gas s t o r a g e b a t t e t y , a high-pressure s t o r a g e b a t t e r y i n t h e VAB, low and high-press u r e , cross-country supply l i n e s , h i ~ h - p r e s s u r e hydrogen s t o r a g e and conversion equipment, and pad d i s t r i b u t i o n pipinp, t o pneumatic c o n t r o l panels, The v a r i o u s purging systems r e q u i r e 187,000 pounds of l i q u i d n i t r o g e n and 21,000 g a l l o n s of helium, �Pad B is v i r t u a l l y a twin of Pad A , The $op sf Pad B i s 5 f e e t h i g h e r i n e l e v a t i o n above mean sea l e v e l than Pad A t o provide b e t t e ~dratnage of t h e general area p tus b e t t e r drainage from h o P d i n ~and burn ponds. The e l e c t r i c a l s u b s t a t i o n f o r Pad B is l o c a t e d undern e a t h t h e w e s t s l o p e of t h e p a d whereas t h e corresponding s u b s t a t i o n f o r Pad A i s i n t h e open approximately 150 f e e t from t h e lower edge of t h e west s l o p s of t h e pad, The pad B d e s i g n change was made t o harden t h e s u b s t a t i o n a g a l n s t tfre launch environment. The only o t h e r major d i f f e r e n c e i s i n t h e l o c a t i o n of t h e i n d u s t r i a l / f i r e / p o t a b l e water valve p i t . A t Pad A, i t ' s on t h e west s i d e of t h e Pad and a t Pad B i t ' s on t h e east s i d e of t h e pad. The d i f f e r e n c e r e s t s i n t h e r o u t ing of water l i n e s a l o n g s i d e t h e crawlerway. Basic c o n s t r u c t i o n work on Pad B began on Dec, 7, 1964, and t h e f a c i l i b y was accepted by t h e government on August 22, 1966. The intemrening period h a s been s p e n t i n equipping t h e pad and b r i n g i n g it up t o launch r e a d i n e s s , Mission Control Center The Hission Control Center a t t h e Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, i s t h e f o c a l p o i n t f o r Apollo flight c o n t r o l a c t i v i t i e s . 'Pbe c e n t e r r e c e i v e s t r a c k i n g and t e l e m e t r y d a t a from the Manned Space F l i g h t Network, p r o c e s s e s t h i s d a t a through t h e Mission Control Center Real-Time Computer Complex, and d i s p l a y s t h i s d a t a t o t h e f l i g h t c o n t r o l l e r s and e n g i n e e r s i n t h e Mission Operations Control Room and staff support rooms. The Manned Space F l i g h t Network t r a c k i n g and d a t a acqufaftfon s t a t i o n s link t h e f l i g h t controllers a t t h e center t o the spacecraft, For Apollo 10 a l l network s t a t i o n s w i l l be remote s i t e s , t h a t is, without f l i g h t c o n t r o l teams, A l l u p l i n k commands and voice c o m n i c a t i o n s w i l l o r i g i n a t e from Houston, and t e l e m e t r y d a t a w i l l be s e n t back t o Houston a t high speed r a t e s (2,400 b i t s - p e r - s e c o n d ) , on two s e p a r a t e d a t a l i n e s . They can be e % t h e r r e a l time o r playback information. S i g n a l flow f o r voice c i r c u i t s between Houston and t h e remote s i t e s i s v i a commercial c a r r i e r , u s u a l l y s a t e l l i t e , wherever p o s s i b l e u s i n g leased l i n e s which a r e part of t h e NASA n i c a t i o n s Network. Comands a r e s e n t from Houston t o NASA's Goddard Space F l i g h t Center, Greenbelt, Md., on l i n e s which l i n k computers a t t h e two p o i n t s . The Goddard communication computers prov i d e automatic switching f a c i l i t i e s and speed b u f f e r i n g f o r t h e command d a t a , Data a r e t r a n s f e r r e d from Goddard t o remote s i t e s on high speed (2,400 bits-per-second) l i n e s . Command loads a l s o can be s e n t by t e l e t y p e from Houston t o the remote sites a t 100 wor8-s-per-minute . Again, Goddard computers provide s t o r a g e and switching f u n c t i o n s . -more- �Telemetry data at the remote site are received by the RF receivers, processed by the pulse aede modulation ground stations, and transferred to the 642B remote-site telemetry computer for storage. Depending on the format selected by the telemetry controller at Houston, the 642B willsend the desired format through a 2010 data trans mission unit which provides parallel to serial conversion, and drives a 2,400 bit-per-second mode. The data mode converts the digital serial data to phase-shifted keyed tones which are fed to the high speed data lines of the comunications network. Tracking data are sent from the sites in a low speed (100 words) teletype format and a 240-bit block high speed (2,400 bits) format. Data rates are one sample-6 seconds for teletype and 10 samples (frames) per second for high speed data. All high-speed data, whether tracking or telemetry, which originate at a remote site are sent to cfoddard on highspeed lines. Goddard reformats the data when necessary and sends them to Houston in 600-bit blocks at a 40,800 bits-persecond rate. Of the 600-bit block, 480 bits are reserved for data, the other 120 bits for address, sync, intercomputer instructions, and polynominal error encoding. All wideband 40,800 bits-per-second data originating at Houston are converted to high speed (2,400 bits-per-second) data at Goddard before being transferred to the designated remote site. �MANNED SPACE FLIGHT NETWORK The Manned Space F l i g h t Network (MSFN) w i l l support the complete Apollo s p a c e c r a f t , o p e r a t i n g a t l u m r d i s t a n c e , f o r t h e first t i m e i n Apollo 10, The network had i t s i n i t i a l s e r v i c e w i t h l u n a r d i s t a n c e s i n Apollo 8 last December, b u t that flfght d i d n o t c a r r y t h e l u n a r module. For Apollo 10, the MSPN will employ a'? ground s t a t i o n s ( i n c l u d i r t ~thtSee wing, or backup, s i t e s ) , f s ~ i rinstrumented shLps, and s i x to e i g h b instrumented aiseraft, t o track spacecraft position and furnish a large volume of e o m u n i c a t i o n s , t e l e v i s i o n arad telemetry servfces, Essentially, t h e e n t i r e network I s d e s i ~ n e dt o provide r e l i a b l e and continuous c o m u n i c ~ t i o n sw i t h t h e a s t r o n a u t s , launch v e h i c l e and s p a c e c r a f t from l i f t o f f through l u n a r o r b i t t o splashdown. It w i l l keep ground c o n t r o l l e r s i n c l o s e cont a c t with t h e s p a c e c r ~ f tand a s t r o n a u t s a t a l l times, except f o r approximately 45 minutes when Apollo 1 0 w i l l be behind t h e Moon d u r i n g each l u n a r o r b i t =nd t h e time between s t a t i o n s w h i l e i n Earth o r b i t , As tke space v e h i c l e l i f t s o f f from Kennedy Space Center, t h e t r a c k i n g s t a t i o n s w i l l be watchine; it. A s t h e S a t u r n ascends, v o i c e and d a t a w i l l be i n s t a n t a n e o u s l y t r a n s m i t t e d t o Mission . Control Center (MCC) i n Houston. Data w i l l be run through computers a t MCC f o r v i s u a l d i s p l a y t o f l i g h t c o n t r o l l e r s . Depending on t h e launch azimuth, a s t r i n g of 30-footdiameter antennas around t h e Earth w i l l keep t a b s on Apollo 10 and t r a n s m i t information back t o Houston: beginning with t h e s t a t i o n a t Merritt I s l a n d , F l a , ; thence Grand Bahama I s l a n d , Bermuda; t h e t r a c k i n g s h i p Vanguard; Canary I s l a n d ; Carnarvon, Australia; Hawaii, t r a c k i n g s h i p Redstone, Guaymas, Mexico; and Corpus Christi, T e x . To i n j e c t Apollo 1 0 i n t o t r a n s l u n a r t r a j e c t o r y WCC w i l l send a s i g n a l through one of t h e land s t a t i o n s o r one of t h e Apollo s h i p s i n t h e P a c i f i c . A s t h e s p a c e c r a f t head f o r t h e Moon, t h e engine burn w i l l be monitored by t h e s h i p s and a n Apollo Range I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n A i r c r a f t ( A R I A ) , The A R I A p r o v i d e s a r e l a y f o r t h e a s t r o n a u t s 1 v o i c e s and d a t a communication w i t h Houston. As t h e s p a c e c r a f t moves away from Earth, t h e s m a l l e r 30-foot diameter antennas communicate first w i t h t h e spacec r a f t . A t a s p a c e c r a f t a l t i t u d e of 10,000 miles the t r a c k i n g f u n c t i o n goes t o t h e more powerful 85-foot antennas. These a r e l o c a t e d n e a r Madrid, Spain; Goldstone, C a l i f . ; and Canberra, Australia. �A R C T I C OCEAN 1 0 1 W C I C I f I C OCfAU I N D I A N OCEAN M A N N E D SPACE FLIGHT TRACKING NETWORK �The 85-foot a n t e n n a s are spaced a t approximately 120degree i n t e r v a l s around U r t h $0 at least one antenna has thp Moon in view a t glla times. As &he & r t h revolveg from we@C f;o east, one s t a t i o n hands over c o n t r o l t o t h e next s t a t i o n a@ i t moves i n t o view of Che s p a c e c r a f t . I n this way, cont$nuous d a t a and communication flow 1s maintained. Data are c o n s t a n t l y r e l a y a d back through t h e huge antennas and t r a n s m i t t e d v i a t h e NASA Communications Network (NASCOM) a h a l f m i l l i o n milea of land and underseas c a b l e s and r a d i o c i r c u i t s , i n c l u d i n g t h o s e t h m ugh communications s a t e l l i t e s , t o MCC, T h i s information i s f e d i n t o computers f o r v i s u a l d i s p l a y i n Missidn Control. For example, a d i s p l a y would show t h e exact p o s i t i o n of t h e s p a c e c r a f t on a l a r g e map. Returning data could i n d i c a t e a drop i n power o r some o t h e r d i f f i c u l t y which would r e s u l t i n a red l i g h t going on t o a l e r t a f l i g h t controller t o corrective action. Returning data flowing t o t h e Earth s t a t i o n s g i v e t h e necessary information f o r commanding mid-course maneuvers t o keep t h e Apollo 1 0 i n a proper t r a j e c t o r y f o r o r b i t i n g , t h e Moon, While t h e f l i g h t i s i n t h e v i c i n i t y of t h e Moon, t h e s e data i n d i c a t e t h e amount of r e t r o g r a d e burn necessary f o r t h e s e r v i c e module engine t o p l a c e t h e s p a c e c r a f t u n i t s i n l u n a r orbit. Once t h e l u n a r module s e p a r a t e s from t h e command module/ s e r v i c e module and goes i n t o a s e p a r a t e l u n a r o r b i t , t h e MSFN w i l l be r e q u i r e d t o keep t r a c k of both c r a f t and provide cont i n u o u s two-way communicatlons and t e l e m e t r y between them and t h e Earth, The prime antenna a t each of t h e t h r e e MSFN deep space t r a c k i n g s t a t i o n s w i l l handle one c r a f t while t h e wing o r back-up antenna a t each of t h e s e s t a t i o n s w i l l handle t h e o t h e r c r a f t d u r i n g each pass. Continuous t r a c k i n g and a c q u i s i t i o n of d a t a between Earth and t h e Apollo s p a c e c r a f t w i l l provide support f o r t h e Apollo rendezvous and docking maneuvers. T h i s information a l s o w i l l be used t o determine t h e time and d u r a t i o n of t h e s e r v i c e module propulsion engine burn r e q u i r e d t o place t h e command s e r v i c e module i n t o a p r e c i s e t r a j e c t o r y f o r reenterkng t h E a r t h ' s atmosphere a t t h e planned l o c a t i o n . A s t h e s p a c e c r a f t moves toward E a r t h a t about 25,000 miles-per-hour, i t must ree n t e r a t t h e proper angle. l Data coming t o t h e v a r i o u s t r a c k i n g s t a t i o n s and s N p s a r e f e d i n t o t h e computers a t MCC. From computer c a l c u l a t i o n s . , t h e P l i g h t c o n t r o l l e r s w i l l provide t h e r e t u r n i n g s p a c e c r a f t with t h e necessary information t o m k e a n a c c u r a t e r e e n t r y . Appropriate MSFN s t a t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g t r a c k i n g s h i p s and a irc r a f t p o s i t i o n e d i n t h e P a c i f i c f o r t h i s event a r e on hand t o provide support d u r i n g r e e n t r y . An A R I A a i r c r a f t w i l l r e l a y a s t r o n a u t voice communications t o MCC and Qntennas on r e e n t r y s h i p s w i l l follow the s p a c e c r a f t . �During t h e journey t o t h e Moon and back, t e l e v i s i o n w i l l be received from t h e s p a c e c r a f t a t t h e t h r e e 85-foot antennas around the world, i n Spain, C a l i f o r n i a , and A u s t r a l i a , Scan c o n v e r t e r s permit imediat e t r a n s m i s s i o n of c o m e r c i a 1 q u a l i t y t e l e v i s i o n v i a NASCOM t o Mission Control where I t w i l l be rel e a s e d t o TV networks. NASA Communications Network The NASA Communications Network (NASCOM) c o n s i s t s of s e v e r a l systems of d i v e r s e l y r o u t e d communications channels l e a s e d on communications satellites, common c a r r i e r systems and high frequency r a d i o f a c i l i t i e s where necessary t o provide the access links, The system c o n s i s t s of both narrow and wide-band channels, and some TV channels, Included a r e a v a r i e t of t e l e g r a p h , voice, and d a t a systems ( d i g i t a l and analog7 with s e v e r a l d i g i t a l data rates. Wide-band systems do not extend overseas. A l t e r n a t e r o u t e s o r redundancy provide added r e l i a bility, A primary switching c e n t e r and i n t e r m e d i a t e switching and c o n t r o l p o i n t s provide c e n t r a l i z e d f a c i l i t y and t e c h n i c a l c o n t r o l , and switching o p e r a t i o n s under d i r e c t NASA c o n t r o l . The primary switching c e n t e r i s a t t h e Goddard Space F l i g h t Center, Greenbelt, Md. I n t e r m e d i a t e switching c e n t e r s a r e l o c a t e d a t Canberra, Madrid, London, Honolulu, Guam, and Kennedy Space Center. F o r Apollo 10, t h e Kennedy Space Center i s connected d i r e c t l y t o t h e Mission Control Center, Houston v i a t h e Apollo Launch Data System and t o t h e Marshall Space F l i g h t Center, H u n t s v i l l e , Ala., by a Launch Information Exchange F a c i l i t y . Both of t h e s e systems a r e p a r t of NASCOM, They c o n s i s t of d a t a g a t h e r i n g and t r a n s m i s s i o n f a c i l i t i e s designed t o handle launch d a t a e x c l u s i v e l y , A f t e r launch, a l l network t r a c k i n g and t e l e m e t r y d a t a hubs a t QSFC f o r t r a n s m i s s i o n t o MCC Houton v i a two 50,000 b i t s - p e r second c i r c u i t s used f o r redundancy and i n c a s t of data overflow. Two I n t e l s a t communications s a t e l l i t e s w i l l be used f o r Apollo 10. The A t l a n t i c s a t e l l i t e w i l l s e r v i c e t h e Ascension I s l a n d u n i f i e d S-band (USB) s t a t i o n , t h e A t l a n t i c Ocean s h i p and t h e Canary I s l a n d s s i t e . These s t a t i o n s w i l l be able t o t r a n s m i t through t h e s a t e 1l i t e v i a t h e Comsat -operated ground s t a t i o n a t Etam W.Va. �A R C T I C OCEAN A R C T I C OCEAN I N D I A N OCEAN SOUTH P A C I F I C OCEAN NASA COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK �The second Apollo I n t e l s a t communications s a t e l l i t e over t h e mid-Pacific w i l l s e r v i c e t h e Carnarvon, A u s t r a l i a USB s i t e and t h e P a c i f i c Ocean ships. A l l t h e s e s t a t i o n s w i l l b e able t o transmit simultaneously through t h e s a t e l l i t e t o Houston v i a Brewster F l a t , Wash,, and t h e Goddard Space F l i g h t Center, Greenbelt, Md. Network Computers A t fraction-of-a-second i n t e r v a l s , t h e network's d i g i t a l data processing systems, with NASA's Manned s p a c e c r a f t . Center a s t h e f o c a l p o i n t , " t a l k " t o each o t h e r o r t o t h e spacecraft High-speed computers a t t h e remote s i t e ( t r a e k i n g ships included) i s s u e commands o r "up-link" d a t a on auch matters as c o n t r o l of cabin p r e s s u r e , o r b i t a l p i d a n c e commands, o r I t go-no-go" i n d i c a t i o n s t o perform c e r t a i n f u n c t i o n s , When information o r i g i n a t e s from Houston, t h e computers rere? t o t h e i r pre-programmed information f o r v a l i d i t y before transmitting t h e required d a t a t o t h e s p a c e c r a f t , Such "up-link" Information i s comminicated by ultrahigh-frequency r a d i o about 1,200 bits-per-second, Communication between remote ground s i t e s , v i a high-speed communications l i n k s , occurs a t about t h e same rate. Houston reads lnf'omation from t h e s e ground s t i e s aG 2,400 bits-per-second, as well a s from remote sites a t 100 words-per-minute. The computer systems perform many o t h e r functions, i n cluding: . . . Assuring t h e q u a l i t y of t h e transmission l i n e s by c o n t i n u a l l y e x e r c i s i n g d a t a paths. Verifying accuracy of t h e messages by r e p e t i t i v e operations, Constantly updating t h e f l i g h t status. For "down l i n k " data, sensors b u i l t i n t o t h e s p a c e c r a f t c o n t i n u a l l y sample cabin temperature, pressure, physical i n f o r mation on t h e a s t r o n a u t s such as h e a r t b e a t and r e s p i r a t i o n , among o t h e r items, These d a t a a r e t r a n s m i t t e d t o t h e ground s t a t i o n s a t 51,2 k i l o b i t s (12,800 binary d i g i t s pe r-second. A t MCC t h e computers: . Detect and s e l e c t changes o r d e v i a t i o n s , compare with t h e i r s t o r e d programs, and i n d i c a t e t h e problem a r e a s o r pertinent data t o t h e f l i g h t controllers. �, Provide d i s p l a y s t o mission personnel, . Assemble output d a t a i n proper formats, , Log d a t a on magnetic t a p e f o r r e p l a y f o r t h e f l i g h t control-lers. . Keep t i m e , The A ~ o l l oS h i ~ s The mission w i l l be supported by f o u r Apollo instrumentat i o n s h i p s o p e r a t i n g a s i n t e g r a l s t a t i o n s of t h e Manned Space F l i g h t Network (MSFN) t o provide coverage i n areas beyond t h e range of land s t a t i o n s , The s h i p s , Vanguard, Redstone, Mercury, and H u n t s v i l l e , . w i l l perform t r a c k i n g , t e l e m e t r y , and communication f u n c t i o n s f o r t h e launch phase, Earth o r b i t i n s e r t i o n , t r a n s l u n a r l n j e c t i o n and r e e n t r y a t t h e end of t h e mission, Vanguard w i l l be s t a t i o n e d about 1,030 m i l e s s o u t h e a s t of Bermuda (25 d e g r e e s N, 49 d e g r e e s W ) t o bridge t h e BermudaAntigua gap during E a r t h o r b i t i n s e r t i o n . Vanguard a l s o f u n c t i o n s as p a r t of t h e A t l a n t i c recovery f l e e t i n t h e event of a launch phase c o n t i w e n c y , The Redstone, a t 14 degrees S , 145.5 degrees E; Mercury, 32 degrees S, 131 d e g r e e s E; and H u n t s v i l l e , 1'7 dee ~ s b i l estations beg r e e s S, 174 degrees W, provide a % r i a n ~ ; lof tween t h e MSFN stations at Carrnarvsn and Hawaii f s eoveTage ~ of t h e burn i n t e r v a l f o r t r a n s l u n a r inJeetion. I n the event t n e launch d a t a slips from May 18, the ships w $ l L a i l move g e n e r a l l y northeastward t o cover the changing flight window patterns. Redstone and H u n t s v i l l e w i l l be r e p o s i t i o n e d along t h e r e e n t r y c o r r i d o r f o r t r a c k i n g , t e l e m e t r y , and communicatfons f u n c t i o n s during r e e n t r y and landing. They w i l l t r a c k Apollo from about 1,000 m i l e s away through comrnunicat i o n s blackout when t h e s p a c e c r a f t w i l l drop below t h e h o r i z o n and w i l l be picked up by t h e A R I A a i r c r a f t , The Apollo s h i p s were develop-d j o i n t l y by NASA and t h e Department of Defense, The DOD oy;(::rates t h e s h i p s - - i n support of Apollo and o t h e r NASA and DOD missions on a non-interference basis w i t h Apollo requirements, Management of t h e Apollo s h i p s i s t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of t h e Commander, A i r Force Western T e s t Range (AFWTR), W e M i l i t a r y Sea T l a n s p o r t S e r v i c e provides t h e m a r i t i m e crews and t h e F e d e r a l E l e c t r i c Corp,, I n t e r n a t i o n a l Telephone and Telegraph, under c o n t r a c t t o AFWTR, provides t h e t e c h n i c a l i n s t r u mentation crews. �The t e c h n i c a l crews o p e r a t e i n accordance w i t h j o i n t NASA/DOD s t a n d a r d s and s p e c i f i c a t i o n s which a r e compatible w i t h MSFN o p e r a t i o n a l procedures. Apollo Range I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n Aircraft (ARIA) The Apollo Range I n s t r u m e n t s t i o n A i r c r a f t w i l l s u p p o r t t h e mission by f i l l i n g gaps i n both land and s h i p s t a t i o n coverage where important and s i g n i f i c a n t coverage requirements exist. During Apollo 10, t h e A R I A w i l l be used p r i m a r i l y t o fill coverage gaps of t h e ?and and s h i p s t a t i o n s i n t h e I n d i a n Ocean and i n t h e P a c i f i c between A u s t r a l i a and Hawaii during t h e t r a n s l u n a r i n j e c t i o n i n t e r v a l , P r i o r t o and d u r i n g t h e burn, t h e A R I A r e c o r d t e l e m e t r y data from Apollo provide a r e a l - t i m e v o i c e communication between t h e a s t r o n a u t s and t h e f l i g h t d i r e c t o r a t Houston. E i g h t a i r c r a f t w i l l p a r t l c i p a t e i n this mission, o p e r a t i n g from P a c i f i c , A u s t r a l i a n and I n d i a n Ocean a i r F i e l d s i n p o s i t i o n s under t h e orbital t r a c k of the s p a c e c r a f t and b o o s t e r . The a i r c r a f t . l i k e t h e t r a c k i n g s h i p s , w i l l be redeployed i n a northeastward d i r e c t i o n i n t h e e v e n t of launch day s l i p s . F o r r e e n t r y , t h e A R I A w i l l be redeployed t o t h e l a n d i n g area t o c o n t i n u e communications between Apollo and Mission Control and provide p o s i t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n on t h e s p a c e c r a f t a f t e r t h e blackout phase of r e e n t r y has passed. The t o t a l A R I A f l e e t f o r Apollo m i s s i o n s c o n s i s t of e i g h t EC-135A ( ~ o e i n g707) j e t s equipped s p e c i f i c a l l y t o meet mission needs, Seven-foot p a r a b o l i c a n t e n n a s have been i n s t a l l e d i n t h e nose s e c t i o n of t h e p l a n e s g i v i n g them a l a r g e , bulbous look. The a i r c r a f t , as w e l l a s f l i g h t and i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n crews, are provided by t h e A i r Force and t h e y a r e equipped through j o i n t A i r Force-NASA c o n t r a c t a c t i o n . A R I A o p e r a t e in Apollo m i s s l o n s i n accordance w i t h MSFN procedures. �Ship Positions f o r Apollo 10 -- 49 degrees W 131 degrees E 145.5 degrees E 172.5 degrees E Insertion Ship I n j e c t i o n Ship I n j e c t i o n Ship I n j e c t i o n Ship Reentry Suppore Reentry Skip (Hw) 25 degrees N 32 degrees S 14 degrees S 20 degrees S 17 degrees S - 174 degrees W I n s e r t i o n Ship I n j e c t i o n Ship I n j e c t i o n Ship Injection ship Reentry Support Reentry Ship (HTV) 25 32 14 13 N S S S I n s e r t i o n Ship (VAN I n j e c t i o n Ship I n j e c t i o n Ship I n j e c t i o n Ship Reentry Support Reentry Ship (HTV) 25 degrees W I n s e r t i o n Ship I n j e c t i o n Ship I n j e c t i o n Ship I n j e c t i o n Ship Reentry Support Reentry Ship (HTV) 25 degrees N Released 3 degrees S 9 degrees M I n s e r t i o n Ship I n j e c t i o n Ship I n j e c t i o n Ship (RED Indection Ship (RED) Reentrg Support Reentry Ship (HTV) 25 degrees N Released 0.5 degrees N 16 degrees N degrees degrees degrees degrees - - 49 degrees W 131 degrees E -- 145.5 degrees E 174 degrees E - - 8 degrees S 173 degrees W - 49 degrees W Released 7.5 degrees S 156 degrees E 1 degree I4 177.5 degrees E - - - 172 degrees W 10 degrees N - - 49 degrees W -175.5 158 degrees E d e ~ r e e sE 15.5 degrees N 22 degrees N - 173 degrees w - 49 degrees W - 161 degrees E - 174 degrees E - 173 degrees W �APOLLO PROGRAM MANAGENEW The Apollo Program, t h e United S t a t e s ' e f f o r t t o land men on t h e Moon and r e t u r n them s a f e l y t o Earth before 1970, i s t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of the O f f i c e of Manned Space F l i g h t (OWSF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. D r . George E. Mueller i s Associlate Administrator f o r Manned Space F l i g h t . NASA Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), Houston, is r e sponsible f o r development of t h e Apollo s p a c e c r a f t , f l i g h t crew t r a i n i n g and f l i g h t c o n t r o l . Dr. Robert R . Q i l r u t h i s Center D i r e c t o r . NASA Marshall Space F l i g h t Center (MSFC), H u n t s v i l l e , A l a . , i s responsible f o r development o f the Saturn launch vehicles, D r . Wernher von Braun is Center D i r e c t o r . NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), F l a . , i s r e sponsible f o r ~ p o l l o / ~ a t u r launch n o p e r a t i o n s . D r . Kurt H. Debus i s Center D i r e c t o r . NASA Goddard Space F l i g h t Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Md. , manages t h e Manned Space F l i g h t Network under the d i r e c t i o n of the NASA Office of Tracking and Data Acquisition (OTDA). Gerald M. Truszynski i s Associate Administrator f o r Tracking and Data Acquisition. D r . John F. Clark i s Director of GSFC, Apollo/Saturn O f f i c i a l s NASA HEADQUARTERS L t . Gen. Sam C, P h i l l i p s , (USAF) Apollo Program D i r e c t o r , OMSF George H. Hage Apo 110 Program Deputy Director, Mission D i r e c t o r , OMSF Cnester M. Lee A s s i s t a n t Mission D i r e c t o r , OMSF :ol. A s s i s t a n t Mission Director, OMSF Thomas H. McMullen (USAF) Maj. Gen. James W. Humphreys, J r . Director o f Space Medicine, OMSF Norman Pozinsky Director, Network Support Implementation Div. , OTDA �Manned Spacecraft Center George M. Low MBnager, Apollo Spacecraft Program Kenneth S . Kleinknecht Manager, Command and Service Modules B r i g . Gen, C. H. Bolender (USAF) Manager, Lunar Module Donald K. Slayton Director of F l i g h t Crew Operations Chrf stopher C, Kraft , Jr. Director of' F l i g h t Operations Glynn S. Lunney F l i g h t Director Milton L. Windler F l i g h t Director M. P. Frank F l i g h t Director Gerald G r i f f i n F l i g h t Director Charles A. Berry Director of Medical Research and Operations Marshall Space F l i g h t Center Ma3. Gen. Ednn;md P. OtConnor Director of I n d u s t r i a l Operations D r . F. A. Speer Director o f Mission Operations Lee 33. James Manager, Saturn V . Program Off i c e William D. Brown Manager, Engine Program Office Kennedy Space Center Miles Ross Deputy Director, Center Operations Rocco A. Petrone Director, Launch Operations Raymond L. Clark Director, Technisal Support Rear Adm. Roderick 0. Middleton (USN) Manager, Apollo Program Office Walter 3, Kapryan Deputy Director, Launch Operations D r . Hans F. Gruene Director, Launch Vehicle Operations John 3 . Williams Director, Spacecraft Operations �Paul C, DDnnelly Launch Operations Manager Goddard Space Flight Center Assistant Mrector POP Manned Space Flight Tracking - Henry F. Thompson Deputy Assistant Director f o r Manned Space Flight Support H. W i l l i a m Wood Chief, Manned Flight Operations Tecwyn Roberts Chief, Manned F l i g h t Engineering Div. Div. Department of Defense Maj. Gen. Vincent Q . Huston, (USAP) DOD Manager of Planned Space Flight Support Operations Maj. Gen. David M. Jones, (US-) Deputy DOD m g e r of Manned Space Flight Support Operations, Commander of USAF Eastern Test Range Rear A m , F. E. Bakutis, (USW) Commander of Combined Task Force 130, Pacific Recovery Area Rear Adm. P. S. PLcManus, (USN) Commander of Combined Task Force 140, Atlantic Recovery Area Col, Royce G. Olson, (USAF) Director of DOD Manned Space Flight Office Brig. Gen. Allison C. Brooks, Commander Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Service (USAP) �Pllajor Apollo/Satucn V Contractors Contractor Item Bellco~pn Washington, D, C. Apollo Systems Engineering The Boeing Co. Washington, D. C, Technical I n t e g r a t i o n and Evaluation General E l e e t r i c -Apollo Support Dept,, Dagtona Beach, Bla, Apollo Checkout, and Quality and Reliability North American Rockwell Corp. Space D i v e , Downey, Callf. Command and S e w i c e Modules Grumman A i r c r a f t Engineering Corp, , Bethpage, N. I. Lunar Module Massachusetts I n s t i t u t e of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. Guidance h Navigation (Technical Management) General Motors Corp., AC Electronics Div., Milwaukee, W i s . Guidance & Navigation (~anufacturing) TRW Systems Inc. Trajectory Analysis Redondo Beach, C a l i f . Avco Corp., Space Systems D i v . , L o w e l l , Mass, H e a t Shield Ablative Material North American Rockwell Corp, Rocketdyne D i v . Canoga Park, Calif. 3-2 Engines, F-1 Engines The Boeing Co. Mew Orleans F i r s t Stage (SIC) of Saturn V Launch Vehicles, Saturn V Systems Engineering and Integration, Ground Support Equipment North American Rockwell Corp, Space Div, Seal Beach, Calif. Development and Production of S a t u r n V Second Stage (s-11) McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co. Huntington Beach, Callf. Development and Production of Saturn V . Third Stage (s-IVB) �International Business Machines Federal Systems Div, Huntsville, Ala. Instrument Unit Bendix Corp. Navigation and Control Div. Teterboro, N . 3 . Guidance Components for Instrument Unit (Includin Stabilized Federal Electric Corp. Communications and Instrumentation Support, KSC Bendix Field Engineering Corp. Launch Operations/Complex Support, KSC Catalytic-Don Facilities Engineering and Modifications, KSC Hamilton Standard Division United Aircraft Corp. Windsor Locks, Conn. Portable Life Support System; LM ECS IiC Industries Dover, Del. Space Suits Radio Corp. of America Van Nuys, Calif. llOA Computer Sanders Associates ACashua, N . H . Uperat iona1 Display Systerns Brown Engineering Huntsville, Ala. Discrete Controls Reynolds, Smith and Hill Jacksonville, Fla. Engineering Desfgn of Moblle Launchers Ingalls Iron Works Birmingham, Ala. Mobile Launchers (ML) (structural work) Srnith/Ernst (foint Venture) Tampa, Fla. Washington, D, C. Electrical Mechanical Portion Power Shovel, Inc. Marion, Ohio Transporter Hayes International Birmingham, Ala Mobile Launcher Service Arms . - Saturn Checkout Saturn of E4Ls �APOLLO GLOSSARY Ablating Materials--Special heat-dissipating materials on the surface of a spacecraft that vaporize during veentry. Abort--The unscheduled ternination of a mission prior to its completion, Accelerometer--An instrument to sense accelerative forces and convert them into corresponding electrical quantities usually for controlling, measuring, indicating or recording purposes. Adapter Skirt--A flange or extension of a stage or section that provides a ready meaner of fitting another stage or section to It. Antipode--Point on surface of planet exactly 180 degrees opposite from reciprocal point on a line projected through center of body. In Apollo usage, antipode refers to a line from the center of the Moon through the center of the Earth and projected to the Earth surface on the opposite side. The antipode crasses the mid-Pacific recovery line along the 165th meridian of longitude once each 24 hours. Apocynthion--Point at which object In luna orbit is farthest from the lunar surface object having been launched from body other than Moon. ( , Romm goddess of Moon) -- Apogee--The point at which a Moon or artificial satellite in its orbit is farthest from -rth. Apolune--Point at which object launched from the Moon into lunar orbit is farthest from lunar surface, e,g.: ascent stage of lunar module after staging into lunar orbit fillowing lunar landing . Attitude--The position of an aerospace vehicle as detemined by the inclination of its axes to some frme of reference; for Apollo, an Inertial, space-fixed reference is used. Burnout--The point when combustion ceases in a rocket engine. Canard--A short, stubby wing-like element affixed to the launch escape tower to provide CM blunt end forward aerodpamic capture durlng an abort. Celestial Guidance--me guidance of a vehicle by reference to celestial bodies. �C e l e s t i a l Mechanics--The science t h a t d e a l s primarily with t h e e f f e c t of force as an agent i n determining the o r b i t a l p a t h s of c e l e s t i a l bodies. Cislunar--Adjective r e f e r r i n g t o space between Earth and t h e Moon, o r between Earth and Moon18 o r b i t . Closed Loop--Automatic c o n t r o l u n i t s 1l.nked t o g e t h e r w i t h a process t o form an endless chain, Deboost--A retrograde maneuver which lowers either perigee o r apogee of an o r b i t i n g s p a c e c r a f t , Not t o be confused with deorbit. &elination--Angular measurement of a body above o r below c e l e s t i a l equator, measured n o r t h o r south along t h e body's hour c i r c l e . Corresponds t o Earth surface l a t i t u d e . Delta V--Velocity change. D i g i t a l Computer--A computer i n which q u a n t i t i e s a r e represented numerically and which can be used t o solve complex problems, Down-Link--The part o f a communication system t h a t r e c e i v e s , proc e s s e s and d i s p l a y s d a t a from a s p a c e c r a f t . E n t r y Corridor--The f i n a l f l i g h t path of the s p a c e c r a f t before and during Earth r e e n t r y . Ephemeris--Orbital measurements (apogee, perigee, i n c l i n a t i o n , period, e t c . ) of one c e l e s t i a l body i n r e l a t i o n t o another a t given times. I n s p a c e f l i g h t , t h e o r b i t a l measurements of a s p a c e c r a f t r e l a t i v e t o the c e l e s t i a l body about which it orbited. Escape Velocity--The speed a body must a t t a i n t o overcome a g r a v i t a t i o n a l f i e l d , such as t h a t of Earth; t h e v e l o c i t y of escape a t the E a r t h ' s s u r f a c e i s 36,700 feet-per-second, Explosive Bolts--Bolts destroyed o r severed by a surrounding explosive charge which can be a c t i v a t e d by an e l e c t r i c a l impulse, Fairing--A piece, p a r t o r s t r u c t u r e having a smooth, streaml i n e d o u t l i n e , used t o cover a nonstreamlined o b j e c t o r t o smooth a junction. P l i g h t Control System--A system t h a t s e r v e s t o maintain a t t i t u d e s t a b i l i t y and c o n t r o l during f l i g h t , �Fuel Cell--An electrochemical generator i n which t h e chemical energy from t h e reaction of oxygen and a fuel La converted d i r e c t l y i n t o e l e c t r i c i t y . e x e r t e d upon an o b j e c t by gravity o r by r e a c t i o n t o a c c e l e r a t i o n o r d e c e l e r a t i o n , as In a change o f d i r e c t i o n : one g is t h e measure o f f o r c e required t o a c c e l e r a t e a body a t t h e rate of 32.16 feet-per-second. g o r g Force--Force on a Gimbaled Motor--A rocket motor mounted on gimbal; 1.e.: contrivance having two mutually perpendicular axes o f rot a t i o n , so as t o o b t a i n p i t c h i n g and yawing c o r r e c t i o n moments. Guidance System--A system which measures and e v a l u a t e s f l i g h t information, c o r r e l a t e s t h i s with t a r g e t d a t a , converts t h e r e s u l t i n t o t h e conditions necessary t o achieve t h e d e s i r e d f l i g h t path, and communicates t h i s d a t a i n t h e form of commands t o t h e f l i g h t c o n t r o l system. Heliocentric--Sun-centered Sun a t i t s c e n t e r . o r b i t o r o t h e r a c t i v i t y which h a s the I n e r t i a l , Guidance --Guidance by means o f t h e measurement and i n t e g r a t i o n of a c c e l e r a t i o n from on board t h e s p a c e c r a f t . A s o p h i s t i c a t e d automatic navigation system using gyroscopic devices, accelerameters e t c . , for high-speed v e h i c l e s . It absorbs and i n t e r p r e t s such d a t a a s speed, p o s i t i o n , e t c . , and automatically a d j u s t s t h e vehicle t o a pre-determined f l i g h t path. E s s e n t i a l l y , i t knows where i t ' s going and where it i s by knowing where i t came from and how i t g o t t h e r e . It does n o t give out any r a d i o frequency s i g n a l ao i t cannot be detected by r a d a r o r jammed. Injection--The process of boosting a s p a c e c r a f t i n t o a calculated trajectory. Insertion--The process o f boosting a s p a c e c r a f t i n t o an o r b i t around the Earth o r o t h e r c e l e s t i a l bodies. Multiplexing--The siaiultaneous transmission of two o r more s i g n a l s within a s i n g l e channel. The t h r e e b a s i c methods of multiplexing involve t h e s e p a r a t i o n of s i g n a l s by time d i v i s i o n , frequency d i v i s i o n and phase d i v i s i o n . O p t i c a l Navigation--hlavlgation by s i g h t , as opposed t o i n e r t i a l methods, using stars o r o t h e r v i s i b l e o b j e c t s as reference. Oxidizer--In a rocket p r o p e l l a n t , a substance such as l i q u i d oxygen o r n i t r o g e n t e t r o x i d e which supports combustion of the mel. �Penumbra--Semi-dark portion of a shadow in which light is partly cut off, e .g. : surface of Moon or Earth away from Sun where the disc of the Sun is only partly obscured, Pericynthion--Point nearest Moon of object In lunar orbit--object having been launched fron body other than Moon. Perigee--Point at which a Moon or an artificial satellite I n its orbit is closest to the Earth. Perilune--The point at which a satellite ( e , g . : a spacecraft) in its orbit is closest to the Moon. Differs from pericynthion in that the orbit is Moon-originated. Pitch--The movement of a space vehicle about an axis (Y) that is perpendfcular to its longitudinal axis. Reentry--The return of a spacecraft that reenters the atmosphere after flight above it. Retrorocket--A rocket that gives thrust in a direction opposite to the direction of the object's motion. - Right Ascension -Angu lar measurement of a body eastward alon the celestial equator Prom the vernal equinox (0 degrees RAY to the hour circle of the body. Correaponds roughly to Earth surface longitude, except as expressed in hrs:min:sec instead of 180 degrees west and east from 0 degrees (24 hours-360 degrees) . Roll--The movements of a space vehicle about its longitudinal (x) axis. S-Band--A radio-frequency band of 1,550 to 5,200 megahertz. Selenographic--Adjective relating to physical geography of Moon. Specifically, positions on lunar surface as measured in latitude from lunar equator and in longitude from a reference lunar meridian. Selenocentric--Adjective referring to orbit having Moon as center. (~elene,Or. Moon) Sidereal--Adjective relating to measurement of time, position or angle in relation to the celestial sphere and the vernal equinox. State vector--Ground-generated spacecraft position, velocity and timing information uplinked to the spacecraft computer for crew use as a navigational reference. �Telemetering-A system for taking measurements within an aerospace vehicle in flight and transmitting them by radio to a ground station. Terminator--Separation line between lighted and dark portions of celestial body which is not self luminous. Ullage--me volme in a closed tank or container that is not occupied by the stored liquid; the ratio of this volume to the total volume of the tank; also an acceleration to force propellants into the engine pump intake lines before ignition. Umbra--Darkest part of a shadow in which light is completely absent, e-g.: surface of Moon or Earth away from Sun where the disc of the Sun l a completely obscured. Update pad--Information on spacecraft attitudes, thrust values, event times, navigational data, etc., voiced up to the crew in standard formats according to the purpose, e.g,: maneuver update, navigation check, landmark tracking, entry update, etc. Up-Link Data--Information fed by radio signal from the ground to a spacecraft . Yaw--An l a r displacement of a space vehicle about its vertical ( zraxis . �APOLLO ACRONYMS AND AIEIBREVIATIONS (Note: This l i s t makes no attempt t o inelude a l l Apollo program acronyms and abbreviations, but s e v e r a l are l i s t e d t h a t w i l l be encountered frequently i n the Apsllo 10 mission. Where pronounced a s words i n a i r - t o -ground transmissions, acronyms a r e phonetically shown i n parentheses. Otherwise, abbreviations a r e sounded out by l e t t e r . ) AGCS (At3gs ) Apogee kick AK APS Abort Guidance System ( W ) (APP~) Aacent Propulsion System (LM) Awtiliaqy Propulsion System (S-IVB s t a g e ) (Be-WZ) Body mounted a t t i t u d e gyro CBSf Constant delta height CMC Cornand Module Computer COI Contingency o r b i t i n s e r t i o n CRS Concentric rendezvous sequence CSI Concentric sequence i n i t i a t e DAP (~PP) Digital autopilot DEDA ( Dee -da ) Data Entry and Display Assembly (MIAQS) DFI Development f l i g h t instrumentation DO1 Descent o r b i t i n s e r t i o n DPS ( Dips Descent propulsion system DSKY ( isk key ) Display and keyboard EPO Earth Parking O r b i t FDA1 Flight director attitude i n d i c a t o r FIllI (Fith) F i r e In the hole (LM ascent a b o r t staeing) Fixed t h r o t t l e point High-gain antenna I n e r t i a l measurement u n i t �APOLLO ACRONYMS AND ABBREYIATIONS (Note: T h i s l i s t makes no attempt t o include a l l Apollo program acronyms and abbreviations, but s e v e r a l a r e l i s t e d t h a t w i l l be encountered frequently i n the Apollo 10 mission. Where pronounced a8 words i n air-to-ground transmissions, acronyms a r e phonetically shown irP parentheses. Otherwise, abbreviations a r e sounded out by l e t t e r ) . Abort Guidance System ( W ) Apogee kick APS B31AQ A ~ c e n tPropulsion System (IN) Auxiliary Propulsion Sy~rtem(s-IVB atage) (Bee--) Body mounted a t t i t u d e gyro Constaikt d e l t a height CMC Cormnand Module Computer Contbgency o r b i t i n s e r t i o n CRS Concentric rendezvous sequence CSI Concentric sequence i n i t i a t e DAP Digital autopilot DEDA Data Entry and Display Assembly (LM AM) DFI 1)evelopment f l i g h t instrumentation Descent o r b i t i n s e r t i o n DPS Descent propulsion system DSKY Display and keyboard EPO Earth Parking O r b i t Flight director attitude indicator FITH F i r e in the hole (LM ascent abort staging PPP Fixed t h r o t t l e point High-gain antenna I n e r t i a l measurement u n i t �IRIO I n e r t i a l ra%e i n t e g r a t i n g gyro LO1 Lunar o r b i t f n s s r t i o n LPO Lunar p a r k i w o r b i t MCC Misaion Control Center MC&W Master caution and warning MSI Moon sphere of influence MTVC Manual t h r u s t vector c o n t r o l NCC Combined c o r r e c t i v e maneuver NSR C o e l l i p t i c a l maneuver PIPA ( f ippa) Pulse i n t e g r a t i ~pendulous accelerometer PLSS (~lisro) Portable l i f e support system Passive the PTC mas (Pugs) Propellant u t i l i z a t i o n and gaging systern REFSWT ( ~ esmat) f Reference t o s t a b l e member matrix RHC Rotation h m d c o n t r o l l e r R E Real-time a s SCS S t a b i l i z a t i o n m d c o n t r o l system SLA Spacecraft LM adapter SPS Service p r o ~ l s i o nsystem TEI Transearth I n j e c t i o n THC Thrust hand c o n t r o l l e r TLI Translunar InJection TPF Terminal phase f i n a l i z a t i o n TPI Terminal phase I n i t i a t e TVC Thrust vector c o n t r o l d �CONVERSION FACTORS Multiply 2 To Obtain feet 0,3048 meters Distance : feet kilometers feet kilometers statute miles statute miles kilometers nautical miles kilometers nautical miles statute miles statute miles nautical miles statute mile yards feet/sec meters/sec Velocity: feet/sec statute mph statute miles/hr nautical miles/hr statute miles/hr 1.609 km/hr nautical miles/hr (knots) 1.852 km/hr statute miles/hr Liquid measure, werkht : gallons liters liters gallons pounds kilograms kilograms pounds - more - �Multiply 8 To Obtain cubic f e e t 0.02832 cubic meters pounds/sq i n c h 70.31 grarns/sq cm Volume : Pressure : � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000071 Title A name given to the resource Apollo 10 press kit. Description An account of the resource The press kit includes documentation on the Command and Service Module, Lunar Module, Saturn V launch vehicle, astronauts, and mission descriptions. Release No. 69-68. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-05-07 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Project Apollo (U.S.) Space flight to the moon Saturn launch vehicles Saturn Project (U.S.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Press kits Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 31, Folder 30 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000051_000074 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1156/spc_stnv_000072.pdf 2ec7547066c97c2fd55fea4efa5420fd PDF Text Text ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............. .......................... ............ ............. ............ ............... . N A T I O N A L A E R O N A U T I C S A N D SPACE ADMINISTRATIO ............................. .......... .:..,. . . .,&:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: . i.x:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:. ..................... ............ ............. FINAL ;;,. ..,........... ............. ..., .... .;. ..&:::::::: ...................... . . . . . . . . .SATURN I-IISTORY CCCUMENT .......... ................... . . ............. . .............. . . . . . . . ...... Universi~yof: Alabcma Ec :.-arch !nstitute 1 - a .:- !<j.%.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:. History of Science C. Tecl..nofcgy Group .., . ?.-.~.-.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~ . ,;-:*.:.:.:.:.;.;.:.:.:.:.:. ..... .i' ............... * ........... Date --- - - - - - - - Doc. No. - - - ----........... ............ ............. ............. ... ....,,. . .!<' ........... ..... ...*....-.m...-.*.*,-.-...-.-. c.;: .. .*;:+:.::.>>:.:.:.:. +:.-......: ............. .:?........::... . ............................. ............ .................. ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ PREPARED BY ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ LUNAR SURFACE OPERATIONS 0 FFICE ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... MISSION OPERATI.0NS BRANCH ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... FLIGHT CREW SUPPORT DIVISION ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ JUNE 27,1969 ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... < ., : . , 11;';. , ,: a : , , . ', '. x .$., ~ *.~,:t.: ; . I + ,,,,---,, APOLLO 11 LUNAR SURFACE OPERATIONS PLAN M A N N E D SPACECRAFT C E N 1 HOUSTON.TEXAS ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... ............ ........... �FINAL EDITION APOLLO I1 LUNAR SURFACE OPERATIONS PLAN JUNE 13, 1969 Prepared by : w.. H . Wood, Jr. Lunar Surface operatio$. Off i c e Approved by : Lunar surflace Operations Off i c e H . A. Kuehnel Chief, Mission Operations Branch - C. H . Woodling \ \ Assistant Chief f o r Crew'Tra3,ning Chief, fight brew Support Division S~c33 k -. U ... . - Donald K . Slayton /\ Director of Flight( c ew Operations - -3 �APOLLO 11 LUNAR SURFACE OPERATIONS PLAN (FINAL EDITION) PREFACE This document h a s been prepared by t h e F l i g h t Crew Support D i v i s i o n , F l i g h t Crew Operations D i r e c t o r a t e , Manned S p a c e c r a f t C e n t e r , Houston, Texas. The i n f o r m a t i o n contained w i t h i n t h i s document r e p r e s e n t s t h e Lunar S u r f a c e Operations P l a n f o r Ap0110'11, t h e f i r s t planned l u n a r landing m i s s ion. T h i s i s t h e f i n a l e d i t i o n of t h e Apollo 11 Lunar S u r f a c e Operations P l a n . The p l a n i s under t h e c o n f i g u r a t i o n c o n t r o l of t h e Crew Procedures Control Board (CPCB) and a l l proposed changes t o t h i s document should b e submitted t o t h e CPCB v i a a Crew Procedures Change Request. Changes and comments t o t h e p l a n should b e d i r e c t e d t o W. H. Wood, Jr., Lunar S u r f a c e Operations O f f i c e , FCSD. �CONTENTS Page Preface iii L i s t of F i g u r e s and Tables vii 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 MISSION PLAN 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.0 Mission Mission Summary 2.3.1 2.3.2 Purpose Description of Mission Requirements Introduction Mission Objectives and Experiments NOMINAL LUNAR EVA 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Timeline D e s c r i p t i o n and R a t i o n a l e 3.1.1 Lunar Surface Stay 3.1.2 Extravehicular Activity Task and Data D e s c r i p t i o n s 3.2.1 Environmental F a m i l i a r i z a t i o n 3.2.2 Preliminary Checks 3.2.3 T e l e v i s i o n Coverage 3.2.4 S-band E r e c t a b l e Antenna Deployment 3.2.5 Photography 3.2.6 EVA and Environment E v a l u a t i o n 3.2.7 Sample C o l l e c t i o n s 3.2.8 LM I n s p e c t i o n 3.2.9 Experiment Deployments 3.2.10 Use of Lunar Equipment Conveyor 3.2.11 EVA Termination Summary Timeline Timeline D e t a i l e d Procedures 3.5.1 Nominal A c t i v i t i e s Sequence 3.5.2 Procedures �ALTERNATE AND CONTINGENT PLANS 4.1 4.2 4.3 A l t e r n a t e EVA (With S-band E r e c t a b l e Antenna ~ e p l o y m e n t ) 4.1.1 D e s c r i p t i o n and R a t i o n a l e 4.1.2 Summary T i m e l i n e 4.1.3 Timeline 4.1.4 D e t a i l e d Procedures C o n t i n g e n t EVA 1-Minimum Time, One Man 4.2.1 D e s c r i p t i o n and R a t i o n a l e 4.2.2 Summary T i m e l i n e 4.2.3 Timeline C o n t i n g e n t EVA 2-One Man, Two Hours 4.3.1 D e s c r i p t i o n and R a t i o n a l e 4.3.2 Summary T i m e l i n e 4.3.3 Timeline APPENDIX 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Abbreviations D e t a i l e d O b j e c t i v e s and Experiments 5.2.1 Introduction 5.2.2 Definitions 5.2.3' Objectives 5.2.4 Experiments Lunar S u r f a c e O p e r a t i o n a l C o n s t r a i n t s 5.3.1 Introduction 5.3.2 Constraints Classification 5.3.2.1 Constraint Categories 5.3.2.2 Violation Classification 5.3.3 Mission O p e r a t i o n s C o n s t r a i n t s 5.3.4 Lunar S u r f a c e O p e r a t i o n s C o n s t r a i n t s 5.3.5 Equipment O p e r a t i o n C o n s t r a i n t s 5.3.6. Equipment Design C o n s t r a i n t s 5.3.7 General C o n s t r a i n t s Nominal Lunar S u r f a c e EVA M e t a b o l i c P r o f i l e s 5.4.1 Introduction 5.4.2 CDR M e t a b o l i c P r o f i l e 5.4.3 LMP M e t a b o l i c P r o f i l e References PAGE �FIGURES Figure Number Title Lunar s u r f a c e a c t i v i t y t i m e l i n e f o r 22-hour s t a y Radar coverage during l u n a r . s t a y f o r launch d a t e of J u l y 16 . TV f i e l d of view from MESA TV f i e l d of view from t r i p o d (with Lunar Day lens) Quad I i n s p e c t i o n p o i n t s Quad I1 i n s p e c t i o n p o i n t s Quad 111 i n s p e c t i o n p o i n t s Quad I V i n s p e c t i o n p o i n t s Probable a r e a s f o r l u n a r s u r f a c e a c t i v i t y TABLES Table No. 3- 1 Performance margins f o r LM communications 3-2 Loose equipment l e f t on l u n a r s u r f a c e vii Page , 12 �SECTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION �1.0 INTRODUCTION This final edition of the Lunar Surface Operations'Plan defines equipment requirements, crewlequipment interfaces, and final flight planning and crew activities for lunar surface EVA operations during the first manned lunar landing mission. This plan delineates how the lunar surface operational and scientific objectives for the first manned lunar landing mission will be accomplished through pre-mission timelining and procedures definition. Although the primary concern of this plan is the lunar surface EVA operational aspects of the mission, interface relationships are presented to provide clarity and continuity to the overall mission plan. The nominal plan is for a single two-man lunar excursion. The planned duration will be two hours and forty minutes or upon reaching a pre-determined red line on one of the PLSS consumable~. The red line is defined as having either a 30 minute supply of oxygen or a 30 minute supply of feedwater remaining after repressurization. The battery is not considered to be a constraint on the lunar surface time for this mission. Based on an estimation of each crewman's BTU expenditure to accomplish his respective EVA tasks, a PLSS expendable red line should not be reached during the EVA. The Commander is expected to expead approximately 3625 BTU's which will leave a 1175 BTU PLSS reserve or approximately 50 minutes Lunar surface time. (Metabolic profiles are presented in the Appendix, Section 5.4) In addition to the nominal timeline, the plan presents three other timelines for the lunar EVA. One timeline is referred to as an alternate timeline and two are referred to as contingent timelines. These timelines differ from the nominal primarily by additions or deletions of tasks. The major difference in the alternate timeline, from the nominal, is the addition of the S-band erectable antenna deployment which reduces the time available for the documented sample collection. The first contingent timeline, Contingent EVA 1, is a presentation of activities for a minimum-time, one-man EVA. The second contingent timeline, Contingent EVA 2, is for a one-man, two-hour EVA. . �The p l a n a l s o p r e s e n t s two forms of t i m e l i n e s . The l i n e s and a t i m e l i n e f o r t h e complete l u n a r s u r f a c e touchdown t o l i f t o f f , a r e i n summary form. Each of t i m e l i n e s i s a l s o p r e s e n t e d i n an expanded t i m e l i n e v i a t e d procedures form. EVA times t a y , from t h e EVA and abbre- D e t a i l e d procedures a r e included f o r t h e nominal l u n a r EVA. S i n c e t h e a l t e r n a t e t i m e l i n e , i n g e n e r a l , only adds t h e deployment of t h e e r e c t a b l e antenna and reduces t h e time f o r c o l l e c t i o n of a documented sample, d e t a i l e d procedures f o r t h e e n t i r e a l t e r n a t e EVA would b e redundant. Thus, only d e t a i l e d procedures f o r t h e S-band e r e c t a b l e antenna deployment a r e included. For t h e c o n t i n g e n t EVA'S, t h e t i m e l i n e s p r e s e n t t h e procedures i n s u f f i c i e n t d e t a i l t h a t , with a n understanding o r r e f e r e n c e t o t h e nominal procedures, s e p a r a t e procedures a r e unnecessary. �SECTION 2.0 MISSION PLAN �MISSION PLAN Mission Purpose The primary purpose of t h e Apollo 11 mission i s t ~ ' ~ e r f o r m a manned l u n a r landing and r e t u r n . Subordinate o b j e c t i v e s a r e t o perform l i m i t e d s e l e n o l o g i c a l i n s p e c t i o n , photography, survey, e v a l u a t i o n , and sampling during t h e l u n a r s t a y . Data w i l l b e obtained t o a s s e s s t h e c a p a b i l i t y and l i m i t a t i o n s of t h e a s t r o n a u t and h i s equipment i n t h e l u n a r environment. The accomplishment of t h e d e t a i l e d l u n a r s u r f a c e mission' o b j e c t i v e s and experiments w i l l c o n t r i b u t e a n e s s e n t i a l p a r. t . t o t h e success of t h e mission. 2.2 Mission Description This s e c t i o n provides a b r i e f summary of t h e major events f o r a J u l y 16, 1969 launch date. Launch t o Earth Orbit: The J u l y 16 mission w i l l allow a range of launch azimuths from 72 t o 108 degrees with a window opening a t 13:32:00 The s p a c e c r a f t (hr:min:sec) gmt f o r a d u r a t i o n of 4:24:00. w i l l b e i n s e r t e d i n t o an approximately 100 n a u t i c a l m i l e c i r c u l a r e a r t h parking o r b i t f o r s p a c e c r a f t checkout. Translunar I n j e c t i o n (TLI) : The J u l y window permits a P a c i f i c t r a n s l u n a r i n j e c t i o n . The S-IVB w i l l b e re-ignited during t h e second e a r t h p a r k i n g o r b i t t o provide t h e nominal i n j e c t i o n . Translunar Coast: Two hours a f t e r TLI, t h e CSM w i l l s e p a r a t e from t h e S-IV, transpose, dock and i n i t i a t e e j e c t i o n of t h e LM/CSM. P r i o r t o l u n a r o r b i t i n s e r t i o n (LOI), two a s t r o n a u t s w i l l e n t e r t h e LM, accomplish a l i m i t e d s t a t u s check, and r e t u r n t o t h e command module. �Lunar Orbit Insertion: The service module propulsion system will insert the spacecraft into an orbit of approximately 60 by 170 nautical miles. After two revolutions in this orbit for spacecraft system and orbit parameter checks, the orbit will be reduced to 66 by 54 nautical miles.. Lunar Module Descent: During the thirteenth orbit after the Lunar Orbit ~nsertion, LM/CSM undocking is accomplished in preparation for lunar landing. The powered descent maneuver is initialized at pericynthion of the descent transfer orbit. For the July 16 launch, the lunar landing will be at Site 2 (previously designated 11-P-6 and located at 0" 43' N, 23" 42' E). The range of sun elevation angles, for landing, will be from 10.5 to 13.5 degrees. Lunar Surface Operations: The planned lunar surface staytime is 22 hours. The nominal plan provides for a single, two-man EVA, with a duration of two hours and forty minutes. . . . Immediately after landing, the LM will be checked to assess its launch capability. After the post-landing checks, there will be a four hour rest period, with eat periods before and after, prior to preparation for EVA. Following the EVA and post-EVA activities, there will be another rest period, of four hours and forty minutes duration, prior to preparation for liftoff. In addition to the tasks required to successfully complete the landing and.ascent and the pre-EVA and post-EVA operations, the lunar surface activities will include the following major items in order of priority: 1) Photographs of the landing area through the LM cabin window. 2) Contingency sample collection. �3) EVA e v a l u a t i o n . 4) LM i n s p e c t i o n . 5) Bulk sample c o l l e c t i o n . 6) Deployment of experiments : Early Apollo . S c i e n t i f i c Experiments Package (S-031, Lunar P a s s i v e Seismology and S-078, Laser Ranging Retro-Reflector) and S-080, S o l a r Wind Composition. 7) Documented sample c o l l e c t i o n . Real time TV coverage w i l l b e provided e a r l y i n t h e EVA u s i n g t h e s t e e r a b l e antenna o r , i f r e q u i r e d , t h e e r e c t a b l e antenna. Both t h e Goldstone and Parkes 210-foot antennas w i l l b e u t i l i z e d as a v a i l a b l e . Photography w i l l b e employed throughout t h e EVA t o document t h e a c t i v i t i e s and o b s e r v a t i o n s . LM A s c e n t : During t h e LM l u n a r s u r f a c e s t a y , t h e CSM w i l l make t h e r e q u i r e d p l a n e change t o permit a nominally coplanar rendezvous. A f t e r LM a s c e n t and docking t o t h e CSM, t h e two crewmen w i l l t r a n s f e r t o t h e CSM w i t h exposed f i l m and samples of t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e . The CSM w i l l then j e t t i s o n t h e LM u s i n g t h e SM RCS. Transearth Injection: The s e r v i c e module p r o p u l s i o n system w i l l b e used t o b o o s t t h e CSM o u t of l u n a r o r b i t . The r e t u r n f l i g h t d u r a t i o n s h a l l n o t exceed 110 hours and t h e r e t u r n i n c l i n a t i o n s h a l l n o t exceed 40 degrees. Entry and Recovery: P r i o r t o atmospheric e n t r y , t h e command module w i l l b e s e p a r a t e d from t h e s e r v i c e module u s i n g t h e SM RCS. The nominal range from 400,000 f e e t a l t i t u d e t o touchdown s h a l l b e 1285 n a u t i c a l miles.. Touchdown w i l l be i n t h e P a c i f i c n e a r Hawaii approximately 11 days a f t e r launch from e a r t h . �P o s t Landing Operations: Following splashdown, t h e crew w i l l e g r e s s t h e CM a f t e r t h e f l o t a t i o n c o l l a r h a s been a t t a c h e d , don b i o l o g i c a l i s o l a t i o n garments, t r a n s f e r t o t h e recovery s h i p by h e l i c o p t e r and immediately e n t e r t h e Mobile Quarantine F a c i l i t y (MQF) They w i l l b e t r a n s p o r t e d i n t h e MQF t o t h e LRL a t MSC. The CM, sample r e t u r n c o n t a i n e r s , f i l m , t a p e s and a s t r o n a u t l o g s w i l l a l s o b e t r a n s p o r t e d t o t h e LRL. . I n o r d e r t o minimize t h e r i s k of contamination of t h e e a r t h ' s b i o s p h e r e by l u n a r m a t e r i a l , q u a r a n t i n e measures w i l l b e enforced. The crew w i l l b e q u a r a n t i n e d f o r approximately 2 1 days a f t e r l i f t o f f from t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e . 2.3 Summary of Mission Requirements 2.3.1 Introduction The f o l l o w i n g i n f o r m a t i o n i s from t h e "Mission Requirements SA-506lCSM-107lLM-5 G Type Mission, Lunar Landing", Dated A p r i l 17, 1969. (Revised May 1, 1969) The f o l l o w i n g s i n g l e primary mission o b j e c t i v e i s a s s i g n e d t o t h i s . m i s s i o n by t h e O f f i c e of Manned Space F l i g h t (OMSF): 1) Perform manned l u n a r l a n d i n g and r e t u r n . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e f o l l o w i n g s u b o r d i n a t e o b j e c t i v e s a r e del i n a t e d by OMSF: 1) P e r f orm s e l e n o l o g i c a l i n s p e c t i o n and sampling. 2) Obtain d a t a t o a s s e s s t h e c a p a b i l i t y and l i m i t a t i o n s of t h e a s t r o n a u t and h i s equipment i n t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e environment. F i n a l l y , t h e f o l l o w i n g experiments have been a s s i g n e d t o t h i s mission: 1) S-031 Lunar P a s s i v e Seismology 2) S-078 L a s e r Ranging Retro-Reflector �. . 3) S-080 S o l a r Wind Composition 4) S-151 Cosmic Ray Detection 5) T-029 P i l o t Describing Function . . . . . The Mission Requirements document i n c o r p o r a t e s t h e s e v a r i o u s o b j e c t i v e s and experiments, d e t a i l s them where necessary, and places them i n t h e proper order of p r i o r i t y , thereby providing t h e l e v e l of d e t a i l necessary f o r mission planning. The document n o t e s , however, t h a t : . There a r e no Detailed Objectives, a s such, which have been derived from t h e primary o b j e c t i v e of "perform manned l u n a r landing and return"., D e t a i l e d Objectives have, however, been derived from t h e two OMSF subordinate o b j e c t i v e s . The mission w i l l b e flown as an o p e r a t i o n a l mission i n t h e sense t h a t i t w i l l b e performed i n t h e most expeditious manner p o s s i b l e with no i n t e r f e r e n c e from s p e c i a l tests o r operations which a r e n o t necessary f o r t h e performance of t h i s b a s i c o b j e c t i v e . The manner i n which t h e detailed.performance of t h i s o b j e c t i v e i s met w i l l be contained i n t h e Mission Report. 2) Experiments a r e d e t a i l e d and p r i o r i t i e d i n t h e requirements document only when they a r e such a s t o r e q u i r e some a c t i o n by t h e crew o r otherwise impact t h e timeline. Thus, t h e Cosmic Ray Detection experiment, S-151, a passive experiment l i m i t e d t o p o s t mission a n a l y s i s of t h e f l i g h t helmets, is only mentioned and does n o t appear i n t h e p r i o r i t y list o r a s a detailed objective. S i m i l a r l y , ' t h e P i l o t Describing Function experiment, T-029, only r e q u i r e s c e r t a i n p o r t i o n s of voice and telemetry d a t a recordings and does n o t appear i n t h e l i s t of o b j e c t i v e s and experiments. The Detailed Objectives f o r t h e f i r s t l u n a r landing mission w i l l b e o b j e c t i v e s which concern equipment and crew o p e r a t i o n s only during t h e l u n a r surf ace phase of t h e mission. The c a p a b i l i t y t o s u c c e s s f u l l y complete o t h e r mission phases w i l l have been demonstrated on p r i o r missions. �Mission O b j e c t i v e s and Experiments .The f o l l o w i n g summary of l u n a r EVA o b j e c t i v e s and experiments i s i n o r d e r of p r i o r i t y , w i t h t h e o b j e c t i v e o r experiment of h i g h e s t p r i o r i t y l i s t e d f i r s t . The o r d e r of p r i o r i t y i s based upon t h e r e l a t i v e importance t o t h e Apollo s p a c e c r a f t development program o r t o t h e advancement of l u n a r s c i e n c e . The D e t a i l e d O b j e c t i v e s and Experiments a r e i n c l u d e d i n t h e Appendix, S e c t i o n 5.2. The o b j e c t i v e s " T e l e v i s i o n Coverage" and "Photographic Coverage" w i l l b e performed i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h s e v e r a l of t h e o t h e r obj e c t i v e s o r experiments. The a s s o c i a t e d o p e r a t i o n s w i l l t a k e p l a c e a t v a r i o u s p o i n t s i n t h e t i m e l i n e . Hence, t h e s e two ' o b j e c t i v e s cannot b e a s s i g n e d any s p e c i f i c p r i o r i t y i n t h e l i s t below and a r e t h e r e f o r e i n c l u d e d a t t h e end. Priority O b j e c t i v e s and Experiments 1 A Contingency Sample C o l l e c t i o n B Lunar S u r f a c e EVA Operations 3 C EMU Lunar Surface Operations 4 D Landing E f f e c t s on LM 5 E Lunar S u r f a c e C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s 6 F Bulk Sample C o l l e c t i o n 7 G Landed LM Location 8 H Lunar Environment V i s i b i l i t y 9 I Assessment of Contamination by Lunar M a t e r i a l 10 S-031 Lunar P a s s i v e Seismology 11 S-078 Laser Ranging Retro-Reflector 12 S-080 S o l a r Wind Composition �J Documented Sample C o l l e c t i o n K (Included i n Photographic Coverage, Change A, May 1, 1969) L T e l e v i s i o n Coverage M Photographic Coverage �SECTION 3.0 NOMINAL LUNAR EVA �' . 3.0 NOMINAL LUNAR EVA 3.1 Timeline D e s c r i p t i o n and Rationale 3.1.1 Lunar Surface Stay The nominal plan i s f o r two crewmen, t h e Commander and t h e Lunar Module P i l o t , t o remain on t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e f o r approximately 22 hours. During t h i s period, the'crew w i l l accomplish postlanding and pre-ascent procedures and e x t r a v e h i c u l a r a c t i v i t y . There w i l l be two r e s t and s e v e r a l e a t periods. A timeline f o r t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e s t a y i s presented i n Figure 3-1. There a r e s e v e r a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s which a r e t h e b a s i s f o r t h e sequence of a c t i v i t y f o r t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e s t a y . An e a r l y r e s t peiod i s planned which w i l l provide r e s t b e f o r e t h e strenuous pre-EVA, EVA, and post-EVA a c t i v i t i e s and i n s u r e t h e work day i s n o t p r o h i b i t i v e l y long i f l i f t o f f i s req u i r e d b e f o r e t h e o t h e r planned r e s t period. A second r e s t p e r i o d of f o u r hours and f o r t y minutes i s provided a f t e r t h e EVA b e f o r e t h e c r u c i a l l i f t o f f and rendezvous sequence. 3.1.2 - Extravehicular A c t i v i t y The f i r s t l u n a r EVA i s designed t o maximize t h e r e t u r n of s c i e n t i f i c and o p e r a t i o n a l data. However, t h e t i m e l i n e permits r e s t periods and a gradual i n c r e a s e i n t a s k complexity w i t h simple t a s k s i n i t i a l l y f o r crew acclimation and PLSS-EMU data analysis. There w i l l be two major a r e a s of e v a l u a t i o n during t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e EVA. The f i r s t concern i s with comprehensive crew f a m i l i a r i z a t i o n and e v a l u a t i o n of EVA c a p a b i l i t y and t h e l u n a r environment. The i n v e s t i g a t i o n w i l l b e a methodical approach which w i l l enhance t h e accomplishment of t h i s EVA a s w e l l a s demonstrate a s t r o n a u t and equipment c a p a b i l i t y f o r f u t u r e l u n a r s u r f a c e e x p l o r a t i o n . The second a r e a is t h e c o l l e c t i o n of o p e r a t i o n a l and s c i e n t i f i c data. The a n a l y s i s of t h i s d a t a w i l l a s s i s t i n t h e update of equipment designs a s ' w e l l a s i n c r e a s e our general understanding of t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e . The f i r s t few minutes of t h e EVA; t h e Lunar Module P i l o t (LMP) w i l l remain i n s i d e t h e LM a s c e n t s t a g e t o monitor t h e Commander's (CDR) s u r f a c e a c t i v i t y and t h e LM systems i n t h e �' depressurized state. The CDR will descend to the lunai surface to conduct several preliminary tasks. He will determine . his ability to operate in the lunar environment; collect a contingency lunar sample and take still color photographs (with an electric 70mm camera) as he checks the LM . and the lunar surface condition which affect the accomplishment of the EVA tasks. In addition to the TV coverage and still photographs, the LMP can visually observe and obtain sequence camera (data acquistiion) coverage to supplement the documentation of the CDR activity. With only one crewman on the surface during the first few minutes of the EVA, a more effective PLSS telemetry data analysis can be conducted. The real time use rate for the PLSS consumables will be compared with the predicted rate to determine the PLSS capability for'EVAcontinuation. After the CDR accomplishes the preliminary EVA tasks, the LMF' will descend to the surface and spend a few minutes in the familiarization and evaluation of his capability or limitations to conduct further operations in the lunar environment. After this short period of time he will deploy the Solar Wind Composition (SWC) experiment. The CDR, after photographing the LMPts egress and descent to the surface, will remove the TV camera and tripod from the descent for stage modularized equipment stowage assembly (MESA) and move them to a position for optimum coverage of the subsequent surface EVA operations. Then, while the CDR collects a bulk sample of lunar surface material, the LMP will continue to become more familiar with his ability to operate in the lunar environment as he conducts the EVA and Environment Evaluation. The LMP begins the LM inspection and is joined by the CDR after the bulk sample has been collected. When the crewmen reach the scientific equipment (SEQ) bay in Quad 11, the LMP removes the Early Apollo Scientific Experiments Package (EASEP) as the CDR completes the LM inspection and photographically documents the LMP's activity. After they deploy the EASEP, the crew will select, describe, photograph, and collect samples until they terminate the EVA. In summary, there is a general increase in task complexity for both crewmen. The conservative timeline permits the crew to follow a slow, methodical approach in accomplishing each task. Additionally, the frequent rest periods within �Figure 3 - 1 rum scrlr )r,Ono f:LY."ct KCM !LY Q -;I -2 IM MRS. -13 w fZccml UIPOSKIIC V . 4 UI COYWLMEU k PILOT ACTIVITY <> T I M SCAlr IYHRS.-3 -:z 'I 0 A TO~W W N OYISIDI lWlNEml .C*ICKWI ~CO C II~C IV 4 w wurcff n s m n C l U L C10lI C M l W U l D l H A M 1 OI?RESS O e t t P L t E E W I P U f I l PC4 J E I I I S O I Y Y P L C CDLLECllm OREIIYIUtVCMCCIS . S d l l D I ~ 1 t I M D C I L O V Y I ~ l U L l E * M l E ISYC LINE1 O L Y I I#IlUL CVAA.OEWIOYEIl4L CAY. 01" .I0 s 1 C OIPLWY.1 OW. E I V l t O l f I1W U W I I O I .-LI Y Y I L E COLLCCIDI U I IISP(ClIO# .EASE, OCPLOVYE*I *XXUYE#lCO Y Y P L E ICM U I SUT I 111EGtllV .Jf111SOm EWI* ~ S l A B L I S *c.11" I.1ICtllV �LUNAR SURFACE ACTIVITY TIMELINE FOR 22 HOUR STAY 1 tuaw ! t I i t srArus cmm 1I WRM U CLfll 8 ?~~CWnWllW I 1 061VE GO $01 RE51 �t h e timeline add t o t h i s conservatism and i n s u r e t h a t each crewman and h i s PLSS remain i n a nominal o p e r a t i n g condition. However, should t h e EVA b e terminated a t any p o i n t i n t h e t i m e l i n e , t h e maximum d a t a r e t u r n f o r t h e t i m e spent on t h e . s u r f a c e w i l l be assured. Task and Data Descriptions Although t h e d e t a i l e d procedures d e s c r i b e t h e s t e p s t o ac- ,complish each t a s k , f u r t h e r explanation of t h e d e s i r e d d a t a and d a t a c o l l e c t i o n processes is d e s i r a b l e . 3.2.1 Environmental F a m i l i a r i z a t i o n A s mentioned previously, t h e t i m e l i n e considerations f o r t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e e x t r a v e h i c u l a r a c t i v i t y w i l l permit a slow buildup of t a s k complexity t o i n s u r e thorough crew f a m i l i a r i z a t i o n with t h e l u n a r environment y e t optimize t h e d a t a r e t u r n . The approach with which t h e crewmen w i l l proceed w i l l permit them t o adapt t o t h e environment while determining t h e ease o r d i f f i c u l t y which they can expect through o u t t h e EVA. The f i r s t crewman t o e g r e s s , a f t e r determining h i s i n i t i a l EVA c a p a b i l i t y , can a d v i s e t h e second crewman on what t o expect and possibly suggest methods t o accomplish t h e a d d i t i o n a l t a s k s . Both crewmen's experiences w i l l b e invaluable f o r p r e d i c t i n g crew c a p a b i l i t y on f u t u r e l u n a r s u r f a c e explorations. Once on t h e s u r f a c e , t h e CDR w i l l move slowly from t h e footpad t o check h i s balance and determine h i s a b i l i t y t o cont i n u e with t h e EVA--the a b i l i t y t o move and t o s e e o r , s p e c i f i c a l l y , t o perform t h e s u r f a c e operations w i t h i n t h e c o n s t r a i n t s of t h e EMU and t h e l u n a r environment. Although a more thorough e v a l u a t i o n and documentation of a.crewmanls c a p a b i l i t i e s w i l l occur l a t e r i n t h e timeline, t h i s i n i t i a l f a m i l i a r i z a t i o n w i l l a s s u r e t h e CDR t h a t h e and t h e LMP a r e capable of accomplishing t h e assigned EVA t a s k s . Also, should i t be necessary t o unexpectedly terminate t h e EVA p r i o r t o f u r t h e r environment evaluation, t h i s e a r l y famili a r i z a t i o n w i l l i n s u r e some d a t a r e t u r n on EVA c a p a b i l i t y and t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e p r o p e r t i e s . �. 3.2.2 . P r e l i m i n a r y Checks For t h e P r e l i m i n a r y Checks t h e CDR w i l l t r a n s f e r t h e 70mm . EL Data.camera t o t h e s u r f a c e , conduct a b r i e f LM check and a p r e l i m i n a r y e v a l u a t i o n of t h e l u n a r environment. The Hasselblad camera w i l l e n a b l e t h e CDR t o t a k e s t i l l c o l o r photographs t o supplement t h e sequence ( d a t a a c q u i s i t i o n ) camera photography which t h e LMP w i l l a t t a i n through t h e LM a s c e n t s t a g e window t o document.the s u r f a c e a c t i v i t y . A b r i e f check of t h e LM s t a t u s i s a simple t a s k which can b e used t o extend t h e CDR's environment f a m i l i a r i z a t i o n . and, a t t h e same time, p r o v i d e an important c o n t r i b u t i o n ' t o t h e p o s t f l i g h t assessment of t h e LM l a n d i n g should a . f u l l o r nominal LM i n s p e c t i o n n o t b e accomplished l a t e r . The p r e l i m i n a r y e v a l u a t i o n of t h e c o n d i t i o n s which w i l l . i n f l u e n c e t h e crewmen's s u r f a c e o p e r a t i o n s , such a s t h e t e r r a i n s u r f a c e f e a t u r e s and l i g h t i n g o r v i s i b i l i t y , w i l l a l s o enhance t h e CDR's environmental f a m i l i a r i z a t i o n 'as w e l l a s h i s assessment of an a s t r o n a u t ' s c a p a b i l i t y t o accomplish EVA t a s k s . From a p o s i t i o n n e a r t h e l a d d e r t h e CDR w i l l make a g e n e r a l i n s p e c t i o n of t h e LM and s u r f a c e about t h e LM. For t h e LM and s u r f a c e v i s i b l e t o him, h e w i l l b r i e f l y examine t h e g e a r s t r u t s , f o o t p a d s , and major p a r t s of t h e s p a c e c r a f t t o a s s u r e t h a t t h e LM i s s t a b l e and w i l l provide a s a f e o p e r a t i o n s b a s e f o r t h e l u n a r s t a y . An i n s p e c t i o n of t h e s u r f a c e w i l l prov i d e p r e l i m i n a r y d a t a on t h e LM e f f e c t on t h e s u r f a c e d u r i n g t h e landing. 3.2.3 TV Coverage The primary purpose of t h e TV i s t o provide a supplemental r e a l time d a t a s o u r c e t o a s s u r e o r enhance t h e s c i e n t i f i c and o p e r a t i o n a l d a t a r e t u r n . It may b e a n a i d i n d e t e r mining t h e e x a c t LM l o c a t i o n on t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e , i n e v a l u a t i n g t h e EMU and man's c a p a b i l i t i e s i n t h e l u n a r environment and i n documenting t h e sample c o l l e c t i o n s . The TV w i l l b e u s e f u l i n p r o v i d i n g continuous o b s e r v a t i o n f o r time c o r r e l a t i o n of crew a c t i v i t y w i t h t e l e m e t e r e d d a t a , v o i c e comments, and photographic coverage. �TV r e c e p t i o n , w i t h o u t a d e g r a d a t i o n of b o t h v o i c e and t e l e metered i n f o r m a t i o n , may b e dependent on having t h e LM s t e e r a b l e S-band antenna r a d i a t e t o a 210-foot antenna, e i t h e r t h e Goldstone ( C a l i f o r n i a ) o r t h e Parkes ( A u s t r a l i a ) antenna, o r deploy t h e S-band e r e c t a b l e antenna on t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e . (A comparison of t h e performance expected w i t h t h e 210-foot/ s t e e r a b l e antennas o r 8 5 - f o o t / e r e c t a b l e antennas i s p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 3-1 on t h e f o l l o w i n g page.) The e r e c t a b l e antenna makes i t p o s s i b l e t o r e c e i v e TV t r a n s m i s s i o n s w i t h t h e 85-foot antenna d i s h e s a t e i t h e r Goldstone, Madrid, o r Canberra, which a r e e q u i v a l e n t t o t h e 2 1 0 - f o o t / s t e e r a b l e combination. I f a 210-foot antenna i s n o t i n view o r t h e e r e c t a b l e antenna has n o t been deployed, TV coverage may b e o b t a i n e d by a c c e p t i n g t h e l o s s ' o r d e g r a d a t i o n of v o i c e a n d t e l e m e t r y . The f i n a l d e c i s i o n f o r such coverage w i l l b e made i n r e a l t i m e and based on t h e q u a l i t y of t h e communications up t o . . that point. . . ' .:. - For t h e nominal mission, w i t h a J u l y 16 launch d a t e , t h e Goldstone and/or t h e Parkes antennas w i l l b e i n v i e w ' d u r i n g t h e EVA. The coverage provided by t h e 210-foot and 85-foot antennas d u r i n g t h e l u n a r s t a y i s shown i n ~ i g u r e . 3 - 2 . The TV camera w i l l have two primary p o s i t i o n s ' o r f i e l d s of view . f o r coverage of t h e s u r f a c e ' a c t i v i t y . The camera w i l l b e mounted i n ' t h e descent s t a g e Modularized Equipment Stowage Assembly (MESA) t o view ' t h e crewmen's d e s c e n t t o t h e s u r f a c e and t h e CDR's ' a c t i v i t y i n t h e immediate l a d d e r a r e a . (See Figure 3-3). A f t e r t h e LMP'S descent t o ' t h e s u r f a c e , t h e CDR removes t h e camera and t r i p o d from t h e MESA and p l a c e s t h e t r i p o d w i t h camera on t h e s u r f a c e i n an optimum p o s i t i o n ' f o r coverage of subsequent s u r f a c e a c t i v i t y . (See F i g u r e 3-4). �TABLE 3-1 (EM .Mode -~ i Power) ~ h 210 '. MARS STAT1ON 85' MSFN STATION NOMINAL WORST CASE NOMINAL WORST CASE +15.4 +25.4 +23.4 + 7.2 + 1.8 +17.2 +15.2 +11.8 + 9.8 + 7.7 +17.7. E r e c t a b l e Antenna + 8.8 + 9.2, 51.2 kbps Telemetry*" . . EVA Voice (dual) dB EVA EKG & PLSS Data (dual) +.3.8 . . + 9.7 . . T e l e v i s i o n (B&W) . 1.6 kbps Telemetry** +17.4 EVA Voice (dual) + 9.2 + 3.8 + 9.7 EVA EKG & PLSS Data . (dual) ~ e l e v ii so n (B&w) ' S t e e r a b l e Antenna . . . . 51.2 kbps Telemetry** .' EVA Voice (dual) EVA EKG & PLSS Data (dual) + 0.7 - + 1.1 - 4.3 - 1.1 - 6.5 - 0.6 +7.1 EVA Voice (dual) EVA EKG & PLSS Data (dual) - .4.3 - 6.5 T e l e v i s i o n (B&W) + 1.6 - 0.6 1.6 kbps' Telemetry** . . +17.3 + 3.7 + 9.6 +'6.5 + 6.9 . + 1.5 + 7.4 ' +15.1 + 1.5 + 7.4 ' . Based on measured LM-5 'data and MSC t e s t . d a t a on new. (1969) Motorola FM demodulator. The MSC t e s t s were conducted i n t h e ISD E l e c t r o n i c Systems T e s t F a c i l i t y (on one u n i t ) . ' ** + 8.7 + 9.1 + 3.7 + 9.6 1.5 + 1.6 + 9.3 + 1.1 T e l e v i s i o n . (B&W) * +15.7 . For a BER bf . . 16 ' �-16 . 0 .20 J U I 20 ~ 4 8 12 J U ~ Y21 16 20 Greenwich mean time, G a t .~ . . hr. : Figure 3-2.'- Radar coverage during lunar stay f o r launch date of July 16. 0 4 JU~Y 22 �"Z" - plane - / ~ i e wnormal cenl:er line Figure 3-3. - TV field of view from MESA. 18 �Figure 3-4 .-TV field of view from tripod (with Lunar day lens) 18a �3.2.4 S-Band E r e c t a b l e Antenna Deployment ( A l t e r n a t e Timeline) The S-band e r e c t a b l e antenna w i l l be deployed t o i n c r e a s e t h e communications c a p a b i l i t y . I t ' s major impact t o t h e EVA i s i n o b t a i n i n g an e q u i v a l e n t communications c a p a b i l i t y t h a t w i l l b e p o s s i b l e otherwise only i f a 210-foot antenna i s i n view. This communications c a p a b i l i t y may be r e q u i r e d f o r simultaneous TV, v o i c e , and t e l e m e t e r e d d a t a r e t u r n . (See t h e d i s c u s s i o n on t h i s s u b j e c t i n t h e previous s e c t i o n on TV coverage, S e c t i o n 3.2.3). ' . ,, . 3.2.5 The deployment of t h e e r e c t a b l e antenna i s a time-consuming task--deployment time i s expected t o be 19 minutes. However, t h e TV c o v e r a g e , ' w i t h o u t a d e g r a d a t i o n of v o i c e and t e l e m e t r y , gained through t h e use of t h e antenna may r e q u i r e i t t o be deployed. I n t h i s s i t u a t i o n , although i t i s d e s i r a b l e t o a t t a i n t h i s advantage provided by t h e antenna and t o p e r m i t t h e crewman i n s i d e t h e LM t o switch t o t h e e r e c t a b l e antenna e a r l i e r i n t h e t i m e l i n e , t h e crewman's f a m i l i a r i z a t i o n w i t h l u n a r o p e r a t i o n s b e f o r e t h i s p o i n t i s considered t o b e i n s u f f i c i e n t t o s a f e l y and e f f e c t i v e l y accomplish the' deployment task. Photography photography, s t i l l c o l o r photographs w i t h t h e 70mm EL d a t a camera, close-up s t e r e o photographs w i t h t h e Apollo Lunar S u r f a c e Close-up Camera (ALSCC), and motion p i c t u r e s w i t h t h e 16mm ( d a t a a c q u i s i t i o n ) camera, w i l l be a v i t a l p a r t of t h e d a t a c o l l e c t i o n p r o c e s s f o r t h e EVA. A 70mm camera, w i t h b l a c k and w h i t e f i l m , w i l l b e used f o r ' s u r f a c e photography from t h e LM and w i l l b e t r a n s f e r r e d t o ' t h e s u r f a c e . . i f a m a l f u c t i o n of t h e o t h e r camera occurs. . . The crewmen w i l l u s e t h e EL d a t a camera e x t e n s i v e l y on t h e s u r f a c e t o document each major t a s k which they accompl i s h . A d d i t i o n a l photography, such a s panoramas and s c i e n t i f i c documentation, w i l l supplement o t h e r d a t a i n t h e p o s t f l i g h t a n a l y s i s of t h e l u n a r environment and t h e a s t r o n a u t ' s c a p a b i l i t i e s o r l i m i t a t i o n s on conducting l u n a r s u r f a c e o p e r a t i o n s . With t h e ALSCC t h e crewmen may photograph a r e a s of , t h e l u n a r surface not disturbed during t h e landing o r surface a c t i v i t y , t h e i r f o o t p r i n t s , a r e a s a f f e c t e d by t h e LM footpads and t h e s c i e n t i f i c equipment, and o t h e r phenomena of o p e r a t i o n a l and' scientific interest. �The sequence camera, from t h e LM a s c e n t s t a g e window, w i l l p r o v i d e almost continuous coverage of t h e s u r f a c e a c t i v i t y . The Lunar Module P i l o t , who remains i n s i d e t h e a s c e n t s t a g e f o r t h e f i r s t few minutes of t h e EVA, w i l l u s e t h e seauence camera t o document t h e Commander's i n i t i a l s u r f a c e a c t i v i t i e s . Then, b e f o r e h e e g r e s s e s , t h e LMP w i l l p o s i t i o n t h e camera f o r optimum s u r f a c e coverage w h i l e b o t h crewmen a r e on t h e s u r f a c e . And, a f t e r t h e LMP i n g r e s s e s , h e can u s e t h e sequence camera t o p r o v i d e coverage of t h e remaining s u r f a c e activity. A complete d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e camera equipment and t h e i r operat i o n a l procedures, a s w e l l as t h e d e t a i l s of t h e documentation provided by t h e t h r e e cameras, a r e contained i n Reference 6 . 3.2.6 EVA and Environment Evaluation The primary purpose of t h e Environmental F a m i l i a r i z a t i o n p e r i o d , e a r l y i n t h e t i m e l i n e , i s t o allow t h e crew s u f f i c i e n t time t o adapt t o t h e new environment and o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s . The EVA and Environment E v a l u a t i o n , however, i n v o l v e s a d e t a i l e d i n v e s t i g a t i o n and documentation of a crewman's c a p a b i l i t y w i t h i n t h e c o n s t r a i n t s of t h e EMU, t h e PLSSIEMU performance under v a r y i n g c o n d i t i o n s of s u n l i g h t , shadow, crewman a c t i v i t y o r i n a c t i v i t y , and t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of t h e l u n a r environment which i n f l u e n c e o p e r a t i o n s on t h e s u r f a c e . The p r e l i m i n a r y f a m i l i a r i z a t i o n w i l l be of t h e most b e n e f i t i n r e a l time--to p r e p a r e t h e crewmen t o o p e r a t e d u r i n g t h i s EVA. On t h e o t h e r hand, t h e EVA and Environment E v a l u a t i o n p e r i o d should b e of s i g n i f i c a n t v a l u e f o r f u t u r e l u n a r s u r f a c e e x p l o r a t i o n . From t h e assessment of d a t a g a t h e r e d d u r i n g t h i s p e r i o d , s u f f i c i e n t knowledge should b e gained t o acc u r a t e l y p r e d i c t t h e c a p a b i l i t i e s and l i m i t a t i o n s of t h e a s t r o n a u t and h i s equipment f o r f u t u r e l u n a r s u r f a c e e x t r a vehicular activity. During t h e EVA and Environment E v a l u a t i o n t h e LMF w i l l determine, i n d e t a i l , t h e combined e f f e c t s of t h e EMU c o n s t r a i n t s and l u n a r g r a v i t y on h i s p h y s i c a l c a p a b i l i t i e s . H e w i l l compare h i s c a p a b i l i t i e s i n t h i s l u n a r environment w i t h s i m i l a r experiences d u r i n g e a r t h g r a v i t y and s i m u l a t e d l u n a r g r a v i t y e x e r c i s e s . He w i l l observe how t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e i s a f f e c t e d by t h e a c t i o n s he performs and c a r e f u l l y examine . t h e t e r r a i n t o determine t h e s u r f a c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . Also, h e w i l l determine h i s v i s u a l p e r c e p t i o n of t h e s u r f a c e f e a t u r e s and h i s v i s u a l a c u i t y w i t h i n t h e c o n s t r a i n t s of t h e e x t r a v e h i c u l a r v i s o r assembly (EWA). �3.2.7 Sample Collections The nominal plan is to conduct three sample collections of lunar surface material. They are, in order of priority, the contingency, the bulk, and the documented sample collections. The contingency sample collection is a simple task which can be accomplished within a few minutes early in the EVA timeline. This will assure the'return of a small sample in a contingency situation where a crewman may remain on the surface for only a short period of time. One to two kilograms .of loose material will be collected near the LM ladder and the sample bag restowed in the suit pocket to be carried into the ascent stage when the crewman ingresses. In the bulk sample collection at least 10 kilograms of unsorted surface debris and selected rock chunks'willbe placed in a special container, an Apollo Lunar Sample Return Container (sRC), to provide a near vacuum environment for its Apollo return to the Lunar Receiving Laboratory (LRL). Lunar Handtools (ALHT), stowed in the MESA with the SRC, will be used to collect this large sample (30 to 60 pounds) of loose lunar material from the surface near the MESA in Quad IV of the LM. As each rock sample or scoop of loose material is collected it will be placed into a large sample bag. Placing the sealed bag, rather than the loose material directly into the SRC, also prevents contamination and possible damage to the container seals. The documented sample collection, like that of the bulk sample collection, will involve a large mass of lunar material placed into an SRC for return to earth: However, the documented sample will differ significantly in content and in its collection process. As the name implies the documented sample collection will involve the documentation of the individual samples and the area from which they are taken. It can be classified as a very limited lunar field geology investigation. �Within t h e documented sample c o l l e c t i o n a core t u b e sample i s f i r s t c o l l e c t e d t o p r o v i d e an a s e p t i c and s t r a t i f i e d sample n e a r t h e LM. A t a s i t e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f . t h e l a n d i n g a r e a , t h e crew w i l l examine, d e s c r i b e , photograph, and c o l l e c t rock fragments and l o o s e s u r f a c e m a t e r i a l samples and p l a c e them i n d i v i d u a l l y i n pre-numbered bags. ' T h e samples, i n t h e s m a l l bags numbered one through f o u r t e e n , a r e placed i n a l a r g e bag f o r t r a n s f e r t o and stowage i n t h e documented sample SRC. I f time p e r m i t s a f t e r c o l l e c t i n g t h e s m a l l bags of samples, t h e crew w i l l c o l l e c t two environment samples, r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e b u l k sample, and a second c o r e t u b e sample. Additiona l l y , t h e l a r g e sample bag w i l l be f i l l e d , a s t h e b u l k sample bag, t o r e t u r n t h e maximum amount of s u r f a c e m a t e r i a l . The v a r i o u s samples w i t h i n t h e documented sample c o l l e c t i o n w i l l b e t a k e n from a r e a s n e a r t h e LM o u t t o p o s s i b l y 300 f e e t away. Although t h e l i m i t i n g d i s t a n c e from t h e LM f o r t h i s f i r s t s u r f a c e mission i s 300 f e e t , t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l reasons f o r t h e crew t o remain w i t h i n 100 f e e t . F i r s t , s i n c e t h e documented sample c o l l e c t i o n w i l l b e l a t e i n t h e EVA, t h e c a p a b i l i t y of t h e crew and t h e i r equipment w i l l b e l i m i t e d a t t h i s time. A d d i t i o n a l l y , on t h i s f i r s t l a n d i n g mission a r e l a t i v e l y cons e r v a t i v e approach i s necessary. Also, i t i s u n l i k e l y t h a t t h e t e r r a i n a t 300 f e e t w i l l be s i g n i f i c a n t l y d i f f e r e n t from t h e t e r r a i n w i t h i n 100 f e e t of t h e LM. 3.2.8 Lunar Module I n s p e c t i o n The purpose of t h e LM i n s p e c t i o n i s t o v i s u a l l y check and p h o t o g r a p h i c a l l y document t h e e x t e r n a l c o n d i t i o n of t h e LM a f t e r t h e f l i g h t t o t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e and t h e e f f e c t s of t h e LM l a n d i n g on t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e . The i n s p e c t i o n d a t a w i l l b e used t o v e r i f y t h e LM a s a s a f e and e f f e c t i v e v e h i c l e f o r l u n a r e x c u r s i o n s . The d a t a w i l l a l s o b e used t o g a i n more knowledge of t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . I n g e n e r a l ' t h e b e n e f i t of t h e . i n s p e c t i o n w i l l s e r v e t o advance t h e equipment d e s i g n and our understanding of t h e environment i n which i t operates. The crewmen w i l l methodically i n s p e c t and r e p o r t t h e s t a t u s of a l l e x t e r n a l p a r t s and s u r f a c e s of t h e LM which a r e v i s i b l e t o them. They w i l l examine t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e about t h e LM t o determine t h e i n t e r a c t i o n s of t h e LM footpads w i t h t h e l u n a r s o i l f o r s t u d y of t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e p r o p e r t i e s . The s t i l l c o l o r �photographs w i t h t h e Hasselblad and closeup cameras, w i l l supplement t h e i r v i s u a l documentation f o r p o s t f l i g h t engineeri n g a n a l y s i s and d e s i g n v e r i f i c a t i o n . They w i l l observe and photograph t h e Reaction C o n t r o l System (RCS) e f f e c t s on t h e LM, t h e l a n d i n g g e a r performance, t h e i n t e r a c t i o n s of t h e s u r f a c e and f o o t p a d s , and t h e Descent P r o p u l s i o n System (DPS) e f f e c t s on t h e s u r f a c e a s w e l l a s t h e g e n e r a l c o n d i t i o n of a l l . quadrants and l a n d i n g s t r u t s . (Refer t o F i g u r e s 3-5, 3 - 6 , 3-7, and 3-8 f o r t h e major LM i n s p e c t i o n p o i n t s .) 3.2.9 Experiment Deployments . . There a r e t h r e e s c i e n t i f i c experiments which w i l l ' b e deployed. The S o l a r Wind composition (SWC) experiment deployment, although of lowest p r i o r i t y , i s accomplished f i r s t a s i t is a s i m p l e t a s k and t h e r e s u l t s depend on t h e exposure time. A t l e a s t a n hour of exposure time i s d e s i r e d b e f o r e i t is p l a c e d i n a n SRC f o r r e t u r n t o e a r t h . The o t h e r two experiments, t h e P a s s i v e Seismic (PSE) and L a s e r Ranging R e t r o - r e f l e c t o r (LR3), a r e deployed l a t e r b u t w i l l c o n t i n u e t o r e t u r n d a t a a f t e r t h e mission. The SWC c o n s i s t s of a p a n e l of very t h i n aluminum f o i l r o l l e d and assembled i n t o a combination h a n d l i n g and deployment c o n t a i n e r . It i s stowed i n t h e MESA. Once t h e thermal b l a n k e t i s removed from around t h e ~ S equipment A i t is a s i m p l e t a s k t o remove t h e SWC, deploy t h e s t a f f and t h e f o i l "window shade", and p l a c e i t i n d i r e c t s u n l i g h t where t h e f o i l w i l l b e exposed t o t h e s u n ' s r a y s . The SWC i s designed t o e n t r a p n o b l e gas c o n s t i t u e n t s of t h e s o l a r wind, s u c h ' a s Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton and Xenon. The f o i l is . l a t e r r o l l e d up, removed from t h e s t a f f , and placed i n an SRC. I f i t i s known a t t h e time t h e b u l k sample SRC i s packed t h a t a documented sample w i l l n o t b e c o l l e c t e d , t h e SWC w i l l b e p l a c e d i n t h e b u l k sample SRC. I f t h e b u l k sample SRC h a s been s e a l e d b e f o r e d e c i d i n g n o t t o c o l l e c t t h e documented sample t h e SWC may b e p u t i n t o t h e LMP's s u i t pocket f o r t r a n s f e r t o t h e a s c e n t s t a g e . A t t h e same t i m e t h e f o i l i s recovered, t h e a s t o n a u t w i l l push t h e s t a f f i n t o t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e t o determine, f o r p o s t f l i g h t s o i l mechanics a n a l y s i s , t h e depth of p e n e t r a t i o n . �Pad and surface descent stage Figure 3-5. - Quad I inspection points. Figure 3-6. - Quad II inspection points. 24 �S-band steerable antenna :ation Oxidizer pressurization Figure 3-7. - Quad III inspection points. S-band DPS effects on surface Figure 3-8. . - Quad I37 inspection points. �The PSE, o r t h e PSE package (PSEP), is one of two packages of t h e E a r l y Apollo S c i e n t i f i c Experiments Package (EASEP). It w i l l b e p l a c e d on t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e t o monitor l u n a r seismic a c t i v i t y and d e t e c t meteriod impacts, f r e e o s c i l l a t i o n s of t h e moon, and l u n a r i n t e r n a l a c t i v i t y . It may a l s o d e t e c t s u r f a c e deformations and v a r i a t i o n s of e x t e r n a l g r a v i t a t i o n a l f i e l d s a c t i n g on t h e moon. Data from t h i s s e l f c o n t a i n e d , solar-powered experiment package s h o u l d r e v e a l t h e p r o p e r t i e s of t h e s e i s m i c e v e n t s , t h e p h y s i c a l p r o p e r t i e s of t h e s u b s u r f a c e m a t e r i a l s , and t h e g e n e r a l s t r u c t u r e of t h e lunar interior. The LR3 i s a l s o one of t h e two EASEP packages. The package p r o v i d e s a c o r n e r r e f l e c t o r ( a c t u a l l y a n a r r a y of 100 r e f l e c t o r s ) f o r l a s e r ranging from e a r t h . From t h i s experiment t h e n a t u r e of t h e e a r t h ' s i r r e g u l a r r o t a t i o n may b e determined. Also, t h e d a t a w i l l h e l p r e f i n e t h e l u n a r motions and t h e r e l a t i v e motion of t h e e a r t h and moon. The PSEP and LR3 a r e on s e p a r a t e p a l l e t s which a r e stowed i n ' t h e S c i e n t i f i c Experiment (SEQ) bay of t h e d e s c e n t s t a g e Quad 11. I n t h e nominal deployment t h e LMP removes b o t h packages and c a r r i e s them t o t h e deployment s i t e simultaneously. 15 degrees The,crewmen w i l l s e l e c t a l e v e l s i t e , nominally w i t h i n of t h e LM -Y a x i s and 70 t o 110 f e e t from t h e LM. The s e l e c t i o n of t h e s i t e i s based on a compromise between a s i t e which minimizes t h e e f f e c t s of t h e LM a s c e n t e n g i n e d u r i n g l i f t o f f h e a t and contamination by d u s t and i n s u l a t i o n d e b r i s (kapton) from t h e LM d e s c e n t s t a g e , and a convenient s i t e n e a r t h e SEQ bay. + 3.2.10 U s e of t h e Lunar Equipment Conveyor The Lunar Equipment Conveyor (LEC) i s a d e v i c e which t h e a s t r o n a u t s w i l l u s e d u r i n g t h e EVA t o t r a n s f e r equipment t o o r from t h e a s c e n t s t a g e . It may a l s o b e used by t h e crewmen a s a s a f e t y t e t h e r when moving down t h e l a d d e r o r as a n a i d i n ascending t o t h e a s c e n t s t a g e . The LEC is a t h i n 60 fo-ot continuous loop of one i n c h wide s t r a p , which loops through a s u p p o r t p o i n t i n t h e a s c e n t s t a g e and back t o t h e crewman on t h e s u r f a c e . The end of t h e loop i s c l o s e d by two hooks, a t t a c h e d t o g e t h e r , which �p r o v i d e a means of s e c u r i n g equipment t o t h e LEC f o r t r a n s f e r . The crewman on t h e s u r f a c e can e f f e c t a t r a n s f e r t o t h e a s c e n t s t a g e by p u l l i n g t h e top s t r a p which causes equipment hooked t o t h e lower s t r a p t o move i n t o t h e a s c e n t stage. Although t h e t r a n s f e r of equipment with t h e LEC i s simple i n p r i n c i p l e , t h e a c t u a l t r a n s f e r o p e r a t i o n can r e q u i r e a s i g n i f i more i f c a u t i o n i s . n o t obc a n t amount of time and e f f o r t s e r v e d i n keeping t h e s t r a p s untangled o r i f t h e p r o p e r o p e r a t i o n a l procedures a r e n o t used. Because of t h e time involved (up t o f i v e minutes p l u s a r e s t p e r i o d ) , t h e number of equipment t r a n s f e r s i s k e p t t o a minimum. I n t h e nominal t i m e l i n e t h r e e t r a n s f e r s a r e planned, one t o t r a n s f e r t h e Hasselblad camera t o t h e s u r f a c e and one t r a n s f e r f o r each of t h e two SRC's. - EVA Termination For EVA t e r m i n a t i o n t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l advantages gained by one crewman i n g r e s s i n g b e f o r e an SRC i s t r a n s f e r r e d . ~ l t h o u g h i t i s p o s s i b l e t o t r a n s f e r an SRC i n t o t h e a s c e n t s t a g e b e f o r e t h e f i r s t crewman i n g r e s s e s , t h e crewman i n s i d e w i l l p r o v i d e some a s s i s t a n c e d u r i n g t h e t r a n s f e r . A d d i t i o n a l l y , h e w i l l remove t h e SRC and p l a c e i t where i t does n o t i n t e r f e r e w i t h i n g r e s s . The f i r s t crewman t o i n g r e s s w i l l a l s o make a LM system check, change t h e sequence camera f i l m magazine, and r e p o s i t i o n t h e camera t o cover t h e SRC t r a n s f e r and o t h e r crewman's l a d d e r a s c e n t . A s each man b e g i n s h i s EVA t e r m i n a t i o n h e w i l l c l e a n t h e EMU. Although t h e crew w i l l have a very l i m i t e d c a p a b i l i t y t o remove l u n a r m a t e r i a l from t h e i r EMU'S, they w i l l a t t e m p t t o brush o f f any d u s t o r p a r t i c l e s from t h e p o r t i o n s of t h e s u i t which they can reach and from t h e b o o t s on t h e footpad and l a d d e r . I n t h e EVA t e r m i n a t i o n t h e r e a r e two t a s k s which w i l l r e q u i r e some i n c r e a s e d e f f o r t . The f i r s t i s t h e a s c e n t from t h e . footpad t o t h e lowest l a d d e r rung. I n t h e unstroked p o s i t i o n t h e v e r t i c a l d i s t a n c e from t h e top of t h e footpad t o t h e lowest l a d d e r rung i s 31 i n c h e s . I n a nominal l e v e l l a n d i n g t h i s d i s t a n c e w i l l be decreased only about f o u r i n c h e s . Thus, u n l e s s t h e s t r u t i s s t r o k e d s i g n i f i c a n t l y t h e crewmen a r e r e q u i r e d t o s p r i n g up u s i n g t h e i r l e g s and arms t o b e s t advantage t o r e a c h t h e bottom rung of t h e l a d d e r from t h e footpad. �The second t a s k w i l l be t h e i n g r e s s o r t h e crewmen's movement through t h e h a t c h opening t o a s t a n d i n g p o s i t i o n i n s i d e t h e LM. The h a t c h opening and t h e space i n s i d e t h e LM a r e small. T h e r e f o r e , t h e crewmen must move slowly t o p r e v e n t p o s s i b l e damage t o t h e i r EMU'S o r t o t h e exposed LM equipment. Before t h e crew c l o s e s t h e h a t c h and b e g i n s t h e c a b i n r e p r e s s u r i z a t i o n , they w i l l j e t t i s o n t h e equipment they no l o n g e r need. The i t e m s t o j e t t i s o n a r e t h e used ECS c a n n i s t e r and b r a c k e t , OPS b r a c k e t s ( a d a p t e r s ) , and 3 a r m r e s t s . Numerous p i e c e s of l o o s e equipment w i l l b e l e f t on t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e a f t e r they have been deployed o r used d u r i n g t h e EVA. A complete l i s t of t h i s equipment except f o r a few pip-pins, b r a c k e t s , and o t h e r s m a l l p i e c e s of t h e l a r g e r p i e c e s of equipment l i s t e d , i s p r e s e n t e d a s Table 3-2 on t h e f o l l o w i n g page �TABLE 3-2 Loose Equipment L e f t on Lunar S u r f a c e During EVA . TV Equipment . . .. .. camera tripod h a n d l e l c a b l e assembly MESA b r a c k e t . S o l a r Wind Composition s t a f f Apollo Lunar Handtools scoop tongs e x t e n s i o n handle hammer gnomon Equipment stowed i n sample r e t u r n c o n t a i n e r s (outbound ) e x t r a York mesh packing m a t e r i a l SWC bag ( e x t r a ) spring scale unused s m a l l sample bags two c o r e tube b i t s two SRC s e a l p r o t e c t o r s environmental sample c o n t a i n e r s 0 r i n g s and s m a l l r o d s i n l i d s .. . .. . . . . .. - - . . . Apollo Lunar S u r f a c e Close-up Camera . EL Data Camera (magazine r e t u r n e d ) (film c a s s e t t e returned) EVA t e r m i n a t i o n Lunar Equipment Conveyor ECS c a n n i s t e r and b r a c k e t OPS b r a c k e t s Three a r m r e s t s Bag of used u r i n e bags . . . . . Post-EVA equipment j e t t i s o n Two P o r t a b l e L i f e Support Systems L e f t Hand S i d e Stowage Compartment (with equipment i n s i d e ) One a r m r e s t . . . �3.3 SUMMARY TIMELINE NOMINAL LUNAR SURFACE EVA n LEGEND I HCC.H ~YL:LRV." :: i.. I I ACIlVIIV ...'..., .. .~C.OV..l b0t~.0. 1.10 1:20 1439 \Irnt\<I it: is 1.40 *.:....z... .................................................... o u t COUY 5 m m . ru ~ m w t c r d o ~ p s s c c r ol.0 ~v OO(,YCITCO MCST/PMO~O IAYPLC :JUIC:,~S ius .Tact C L O I ~ . C DD . C I O I I < .OIDLO' L*' .Rat0 b C10SC.u. m .on* - .(a JcsLo."c:. 8.r ."CYWC I I ,.W.l"l*'S lOrYI [.,I> I 1XMIIVI.l am ! 0. T o o 1 C"M.l"I.lS 4- DO(.YI.113 ( A Y 4 1 C*L.L-"M .u~wt I);%* sw T O \ v 4 . ' v. ... c-*I .C,OSC S I P 6." I ~IILCCI < OWI OC.LO~YC.I .C.*.v 1.20 1.30 k ... $811 m s s * v c $cn\unr KC CL0SC.C. 1.10 I ..r I S ~ C t I P 1J 0 1 4 0 ' .OCPIO, I ur ~aeaa*~.. hi'\'\ -. --. -- -- 1:10.-. ��3.4 NOMINAL TIMELINE. LUNAR SURFACE EVA LMP - CD R - o+oo mm m a C r m ,m z m 0 mm z 00 D - oz x m - + I == C NOTE : DETAILED PROCEDURES ARE PRESENTED I N " F I N A L EVA PROCEDURES APOLLO 11" SUBMITTED BY EVA BRANCH, FC -zs 7JC <3 m - -I= W-I -I- TURN TV ON START SEQUENCE CAMERA (SC) I ' .I IPLAY UliT LEC I DESCEND TO FOOTPAD CHECK ASCENT PROCEDURES I z 3 r u I H O Z Z CHANGE SC FR TO 24/SEC STEP TO SURFACt RESTICHECK E14U I I I - .-ISTOW LEC - ~ - 0+10 - MONITOR CDR A C T I V I T Y PLAY OUT LEC MOVE TO'POSITION AND RELEASE MESA w cnD -m LMP - DEPRESS CABIN FROM 3.5 P S I OPEN HATCH INSURE SUBLIMATOR ICED PERFORM F I N A L SYSTEMS CHECKS CONFIRM "GO" FOR EVA - Wcn 0 CDR - II M O V E 1'HROUGH HATCH CHECK INGRFSS PROCEDURE I 11 1 APOLLO EDITION FINAL t 1 CHECK AND DISCUSS BALANCEISTABILITY I I 1 TO 121SEC VISUALLY MONIT~R CDR ACTIVITY PROVIDE CHECKLIST ASSISTANCE I + ASSIS CDR PLAY OUT LEC CHANGE SC F I L M MAG CHANGE FR TO 61SEC /-L MISSION CHANGE SC% - DATE JUNE 27, 1 9 6 9 rC/ I MISSION TIME I DAY1am I PAGE 1 �NOMINAL TIMELINE CDR - LMP - LMP - CDR - II I- REST/CHECK EMU CHECK LM AND EMU STA* sc 1 t UNSTOW CSC AllD DEPLOY HANDLE MONITOR AN; EXTEND BAG COLLECT SAMPLE + PHOTO EGRESS I DETACH BAG AND DISCARD HANDLE -I- I STOW SAMPLE I MONITOR TRANSFER STILL CAMERA TO SURFACE PREPARE FOR CAMERA TRANSFER ASSIST CDR PERFORM COMM CHECK AND PHOTO LMP C I REMOVE TRIPOD I PERF OR^ FI~AL LM AND EMU CHECK CONFIRM "GO" FOR EVA PLACE SPARE CAMERA ON LM FLOOR I MISSION APOLLO 1 1 I I FINAL I 1 JUNE t tI t DET'ERMI NE WALKING CAPABILITY REMOVE TV CABLE 1 I -I- REMOVE CAMERA CARRY TV TO DEPLOY S I T E L 1 EDITION f' \D LENS WA TO I t CHECK ERWIN AND LIGHTING STEP TO SURFACE REST/CHECK EMU + CHANGE FROM I CHECK AND REPORT LM STATUS DESCEND TO PAD CHECK ASCENT PROCEDURE C ECK BALANCE/STABILITY REACH CAPABILITY TETHER' CAMERA t I- I t PREPARE MESA FOR TV DEPLOYMENT REST/CHECK EMU MOVE TH'RU HATCH CHECK INGRESS PROCEDURE DATE 27. 1 9 6 9 MISSION TIME 112+54 - 113+18 I 1 DAY/ REV 5/20 I PAG€ 2 of 7 1 �NOMiNAL TIMELINE CDR - LMP - . II CDR - LMP - �NOMINAL TIMELINE LMP - CDR - ?' + CARRY ALSCC REPORT STATUS QUAD I V REPORT STATUS AND PHOTO -Y GEAR REMOVE PACKAGE 1 (PSE) PHOTO QUAD I V TAKE PHOTO PANORAMA + REMOVE PACKAGE 2 ( L R ~ ) I I PHOTO >Y GEAR 1 , PHOTO EASEP OFFLOAD TAKE CLOSE-UP PHOTOS TAKE CLOSE-UP PHOTOS QUAD. I11 + t 4- TRANSFER CAMERA TO CDR 1 OPEN SEQ BAY DOOR C I , PHOTO E A S E OFF LOAD MISSION APOLLO 11 I 1 EDITION FHVAL I 1 i t T RESTICHECK EMU C DEPLOY PSE $- DEPLOY L R ~ -IREPORT STATUS AND PHOTO QUAD I 1 t CLOSE SEQ BAY DOOR RESTISELECT DEPLOY S I T E CARRY CAMERAS TO CARRY EASEP DEPLOY S I T E PACKAGES REPORT POSITION TO DEPLOY S I T E FROM LM PHOTO -Z GEAR TETHER S T I L L CAMERA t T_L PHOTO qUAD I11 REPORT STATUS -Z GEAR 7' -1- REMOVE ALSCC FROM MESA AND DEPLOY 1 REPORT STATUS +Y GEAR 1 LMP - CDR - II I PHOTO L R ~ MOVE DATE JUNE 13, 1969 MISSION TIME 113+42 - 114+06 I % PSE T I 1 TAKE CLOSE-UP PHOTOS DAY/ REV 5/20 I PAGE 4 of 7 ��NOMINAL TIMELIN E CDR - LMP - CDR - LMP - T PLATFORM t RESTIPHOTO LMP 1 t REMOVE ALSCC F I L M STOW I N CSC POCKET STOW ALSCC F I L M I -L- t MOVE TO MESA PLACE SCOOP BY MESA MOVE TO MESA PLACE SAMPLE BAG ON SCALE t OPEN L A ~ G EENVIR. SAMPLE CONTAINER. COLLECT LOPSE MATERIAL -L + RETRIEVE SWC t HOLD CONTAINER SEAL AND STOW t SCOOP LOOSE + PACK SRC I F T I M E AVAILABLE COLLECT CORE SAMPLE CLOSE AND SEAL SRC MOVE TO LADDER CLEAN EMU t 1, APOLLO ASSIST CDR, + + HOLD S ~ CBAG 1. 11 1 T TRANSFER BULK SAMPLE SRC AND CAMERA MAG. MATERIAL INTO SAMPLE BAG PLACE SWC I N BAG MISSION CHANGE sc F I L M REORIENT CAMERA CHANGE FR TO 6/SEC I I PUSH STAFF INTO SURFACE. ASSESS FORCE PHOTO r REMOVE CAMERA MAGAZINE AND CONNECT TO LEC OPEN SMALL CONTAINER COLLECT ROCK SAMPLE HOLD CONTAINER SEAL AND STOW + INGRESS DISCONNECT AND STOW SRC AND CAMERA MAG. I I EDIVION. FINAL I DATE IJUNE 1 9 6~9 ~ , . MISSION TIME 114+30 - 114+54 1 DAY/ REV 5/20-21 I t PAW 6 of 7 I �NOMINAL TIMELINE CDR - LMP - - T - t1 -. JETTISON EQUIPMENT CLOSE HATCH - Ct STOP SC ' 2+40 LMP - CDR - CABIN REPRESS 1 - - DISCONNECT LEC AND - M I S S I O N TIME FINAL I JUNE 27, 1969 114+54 - 115+f8 I DAY/ REV 5/21 I PAaE 7 of 7 I �SUN I -z 100 FEET OF - FIGURE 3-9. - SCALE 0' PROBABLE AREAS FOR LUNAR SURFACE ACTIVITY 5' 10' �3.5 Detailed Procedures 3.5.1 Nominal Activities Sequence Section Event Final Pre-EVA Operations Page 40 CDR Initial EVA CDR Environmental Familarization Contingency Sample Collection Preliminary Checks LMP Initial EVA . VIII . VII TV Deployment LME' Environmental Familiarization SWC Deployment EVA and Environment Evaluation XI. Bulk Sample Collection LM Inspection* EASEP Deployment XIV . XV. XVI . XVII. * Documented Sample Collection LMP EVA Termination SRC Transfer CDR EVA Termination Nominally, the Apollo Lunar Surface Close-up . . Camera (ALSCC) will be deployed during the LM inspection. �3.5.2 Procedures LMP - CDR I. FINAL PRE-EVA OPEUTIONS NOTE: For t h e d e t a i l e d procedures of t h i s s e c t i o n , r e f e r t o t h e " F i n a l EVA Procedures Apollo ll", which is submitted by t h e EVA Branch, FCSD D e p r e s s u r i z e c a b i n from 3.5 p s i Open h a t c h I n s u r e s u b l i m a t o r iced Perform f i n a l systems checks Confirm "go" f o r EVA CDR INITIAL EVA 11. Move through h a t c h (with LEC t e t h e r e d ) Check i n g r e s s procedure A s s is t CDR ' . Perform communications . check w i t h MSFN - Compare l e v e l , c l a r i t y and r e l a y c a p a b i l i t y w i t h t h a t experienced i n s i d e t h e LM. NOTE: F u r t h e r mention of communications checks w i l l b e made only when communication c o n d i t i o n s change, however, t h e y w i l l b e conducted a s r e q u i r e d f o r system o r crewmen monitoring. Move t o p o s i t i o n on l a d d e r t o r e l e a s e MESA Play o u t LEC and u s e a s s a f e t y t e t h e r .. �CDR - Release MESA(1f MESA does n o t deploy, p u l l manual deployment lanyard l o c a t e d on l e f t s i d e of MESA) NOTE: I f t h e MESA w i l l n o t deploy a f t e r p u l l i n g t h e manual deployment lanyard, t h e following EVA t a s k s cannot b e accomplished: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Turn TV on and v e r i f y TV reception . . . S t a r t sequence camera. Check o r i e n t a t i o n and frame r a t e a t 12 frameslsec TV Deployment (no TV coverage) SWC Deployment Bulk Sample C o l l e c t i o n Documented Sample C o l l e c t i o n SRC T r a n s f e r Close-up Photography Descend l a d d e r t o footpad. Checkpad-to-1adder.ascent procedures Play o u t LEC Change sequence camera (SC) frame r a t e (FR) t o 2 4 l s e c Step t o s u r f a c e R e s t b e s i d e ladderlcheck EMU. Check RCU. Report 02 and s u i t p r e s s u r e Change SC FR t o 12Isec. Check LM and EMU. Check RCU and r e p o r t 0 2 and s u i t p r e s s u r e Assess e g r e s s / i n g r e s s c a p a b i l i t y 111. CDR ENVIRONMENTAL FAMILIARIZATION Detach and temporarily stow LEC on gear s t r u t o r ladder I n t h e v i c i n i t y of t h e l a d d e r , check i n d i v i d u a l s t a b i l i t y and perform preliminary m o b i l i t y evaluation Check and r e p o r t b a l a n c e l s t a b i l i t y : a. b. c. - l e a n forward, E f f e c t of CG s h i f t backward, and t o each s i d e Downward reach A m motion e f f e c t s Visually monitor CDR a c t i v i t y . Provide c h e c k l i s t a s s is t a n c e �E v a l u a t e and r e p o r t walking capability: Change SC f i l m magazine when necessary. Change FR t o 61sec a. . B a l a n c e b. B e s t pace c. Boot p e n e t r a t i o n d. T r a c t i o n e. S o i l s c a t t e r i n g (cohesion) f . S o i l adhesion g. General comments . . . . . . ~ e s t l c h e c kEMU. Check RCU. Report 02 and s u i t p r e s s u r e . Report p h y s i c a l comfort. Assess EVA capsbility Check LM and EMU. Check RCU Report 02 and s u i t p r e s s u r e . . IV. . CONTINGENCY SAMPLE COLLECTION Remain w i t h i n a few f e e t of l a d d e r Remove t h e CSC from s u i t pocket Deploy t h e CSC h a n d l e and p u l l s t r a p a t b a s e of bag t o open C o l l e c t sample ( i n undisturbed area) P u l l l o c k i n g p i n on . h a n d l e r e l e a s e lever P r e s s r e l e a s e l e v e r and s e p a r a t e h a n d l e from l i p l b a g assembly Discard handle under o r away from LM Detach bag from l i p assembly Discard l i p assembly under o r away from LM S e a l sample bag Restow and s e c u r e bag i n s u i t pocket S t a r t SC. .Check FR a t 6 / s e c V i s u a l l y monitor CDR a c t i v i t y Reorient SC i f necessary �CDR - LMP V. PRELIMINARY CHECKS T r a n s f e r Hasselblad EL Data camera (with c o l o r f i l m and 60mm l e n s ) t o s u r f a c e : a. Remove LEC from temporary stowage l o c a t i o n Prepare t o t r a n s f e r t h e E l e c t r i c Hasselblad camera t o s u r f a c e b. Walk o u t +Z w i t h LEC P l a y o u t LEC. Remove LEC stowage bag and stow i n LHSSC c. T r a n s f e r camera t o s u r f a c e by p u l l i n g on lower s t r a p of LEC A s s i s t CDR, i f necessary d. Detach camera from LEC and t e t h e r t o s u i t . Mount camera on RCU b r a c k e t when d e s i r e d Change sequence camera FR t o llsec NOTE: Only t h e one Hasselblad camera is t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e surface. I f a f a i l u r e o c c u r s , manual f i l m advancemand and a f u s e change a r e t h e only a c t i o n s p o s s i b l e t o c o r r e c t t h e malfunction. I f malfunction is not c o r r e c t e d , t h e 70mm Hasselblad, w i t h b l a c k and w h i t e f i l m and 80mm l e n s , can be transferred. e. P l a c e LEC back a t stowage location Check and r e p o r t LM s t a t u s . From immediate v i c i n i t y of t h e l a d d e r , check and r e p o r t : a. S t a b i l i t y of LM ( a l l pads contacting surface, t e r r a i n slope, boulders, c r a t e r s ) R e o r i e n t c'amera t o view CDR activity . (The LMP p r e p a r e s t o e g r e s s ) �CDR - b. Gear s t a t u s ( t a k e two photos, one each of +Y and -Y, and one of +Z p a d l s u r f a c e ) (1) Contact (2) P e n e t r a t i o n , s l i p , b u r i a l (3) S t r o k e . . (4) S o i l adhesion c . ? DPS s k i r t s t a t u s ( 1 photo) d. DPS e f f e c t on s u r f a c e : (1) Crater ' (2) R a d i a l e r o s i o n Perform f i n a l LM and EMU check. Confirm "GO" f o r two-man EVA P l a c e s p a r e Hasselblad camera on f l o o r a t 1 e f t . s i d e of +Z hatch. Check EVA t e t h e r attached (Refer t o t h e n e x t s e c t i o n f o r LMP e g r e s s p r o c e d u r e s ) . Check t e r r a i n s t a t u s f o r crew operations : . . a. Check s l o p e , o b s t r u c t i o n s and roughness i n (1) MESA a r e a (2) TV deployment a r e a (3) S-band antenna deployment area (4) Quad I a r e a b. Check l i g h t i n g l v i s i b i l i t y s t a t u s : (1) B r i g h t and d a r k a r e a s (2) TV deployment (3) MESA (4) S-band antenna a r e a (5) General sampling a r e a s ( t a k e two ( s t e r e o ) photos of b u l k sample and one photo, c l o s e up, of contingency sample a r e a ) (6) Up sun (7) Cross sun (two photos, one each d i r e c t i o n ) (8) Down sun LMP INITIAL EVA Res t/Monitor and photograph LMP e g r e s s and d e s c e n t t o R e o r i e n t SC . . . surface Photo (3) LMP Move through hatch. Check i n g r e s s procedure ( P u l l +Z hatch closed) �CDR - LMP Perform communications check (Include r e l a y check with CSM, i f p o s s i b l e ) Photo (3) LMP Descend l a d d e r t o footpad Check pad-to-ladder procedures Photo (3) LMP ascent Step t o s u r f a c e (Deploy TV, see procedures below) Rest b e s i d e ladderlcheck Assess e g r e s s l i n g r e s s capabilities EMU. VII. TV DEPLOYMENT Walk t o MESA Adjust MESA h e i g h t , i f necessary, by p u l l i n g upward on adjustment strap P u l l s t r a p (velcroed) t o remove MESA thermal b l a n k e t from around TV l e n s Complete removal of thermal blanket Remove t r i p o d from MESA: a. P u l l two s t r a p s t o unsnap b. c. d. e. tripod L i f t t r i p o d from MESA Extend t e l e s c o p i n g s e c t i o n Deploy l e g s P l a c e on s u r f a c e near r i g h t s i d e of MESA Walk t o r i g h t s i d e of MESA Remove wide angle l e n s from TV camera and stow on MESA holder Remove LD l e n s from holder and a t t a c h t o camera P u l l s e v e r a l f e e t of TV cable from MESA . (After completion of a r e s t period t h e LMP conducts environmental f a m i l i a r i z a t i o n , see S e c t i o n VIII) �CDR Remove camera from MESA: a. Pull the two pins at the forward edge of mounting frame b. Grasp TV handle and rotate TV toward rear of MESA to free from frame c. Lift camera from frame d. Check camera temperature and report (cold, normal, hot) Place camera on tripod. camera secure Check Carry camera with tripod to site to view subsequent EVA operations (See figure 3-4) Take a step-wise, fast-scan (10 frameslsec) panorama or, if time not available, select several points of interest. Do not point camera within 20" to sun. Start panorama at approximates 22" from an upsun view, move through down sun, continue to other view 22" from up sun. Place camera on surface for a few seconds at approximately 22 112" increments. (15 increments are required for the panorama) Recheck camera temp. and report. Place TV on surface for optimum coverage of surface activity (See Figure 3-4) Move near LMP. Restlcheck EMU. Check RCU. Report 02 and suit pressure. Photo SWC (stereo pair) after LMP deploys it. Return to MESA As required, pull more TV cable from MESA �LMP - CDR - VIII. LMP ENVIRONMENTAL FAMILIARIZATION (At t h i s p o i n t t h e CDR i s deploying t h e TV, s e e S e c t i o n VII) I n t h e v i c i n i t y of. l a d d e r and i n view of TV (and sequence camera, i f pract i c a l ) , check and r e p o r t balance/s t a b i l i t y : a. E f f e c t of CG s h i f t - l e a n forward, backward, and t o each s i d e b. Downward r e a c h c. A r m motion e f f e c t s E v a l u a t e and r e p o r t r e a c h c a p a b i l i t y (with and without support): a . Right up b Right down c. Both up and down . NOTE: Perform f o l l o w i n g e v a l u a t i o n s w i t h i n a few yards of SIC and i n view of sequence camera, i f practical E v a l u a t e and r e p o r t walking capability: a. b. c. d. Pace Stability Traction General e v a l u a t i o n ~ e s t / c h e c kEMU. Check RCU. Report oxygen and s u i t p r e s s u r e . Report p h y s i c a l comfort. Assess EVA capability �CDR - LMF' SWC DEPLOYMENT (At t h i s time t h e CDR is dep l o y i n g t h e TV, s e e S e c t i o n VII) a E r e c t SRC t a b l e : . . a. P u l l Velcro t a b s t o free table b. P u l l t a b l e forward from stowed p o s i t i o n and r o t a t e i n t o horizontal position c. Attach Velcro t a p e t o hold t a b l e i n correct position ( l e v e l , f o r e and a f t ) P u l l t h e two s t r a p s h o l d i n g SWC and remove SWC from MESA Walk t o s u n l i t a r e a Deploy SWC: a. Extend each s e c t i o n of s t a f f u n t i l i t l o c k s . ( r e d band should b e v i s i b l e ) Apply a compressing f o r c e t o each s e c t i o n t o check s e c t i o n s locked b. Extend shade c y l i n d e r and r o t a t e toward r e d s i d e of p i v o t p o i n t , i.e., r e d t o red c. Extend f o i l shade and hook t o lower p o r t i o n of s t a f f d. P r e s s s t a f f i n t o surf a c e w i t h f o i l normal t o sun ( s i d e marked SUN t o Sun) �CDR - LMP X. EVA AND ENVIRONMENT EVALUATION Remove camera from MESA and t e t h e r when r e q u i r e d i n t h e following evaluation NOTE: The f o l l o w i n g l i s t of t a s k s i s p r e s e n t e d a s a guide. The a c t i v i t i e s w i t h i n t h i s p e r i o d are n o t l i m i t e d t o t h e items l i s t e d o r t h e o r d e r i n which they appear. I f necessary f u r t h e r e v a l u a t e: a. E f f e c t of CG s h i f t b (leaning, reach, e t c . Walking capability .) I n u n d i s t u r b e d a r e a and i n view of TV a n d . SC, i f p r a c t i c a l , observe and report : a. Best pace b. Technique f o r s t a r t i n g and s t o p p i n g c. Balance a t i n c r e a s e d pace and l e n g t h of s t e p d. T r a c t i o n e. Dust f . Boot p e n e t r a t i o n ( t a k e stereo pair) g. S c u f f i n g h. Cohesion i. Adhesion (photo boots) 3 . General e v a l u a t i o n of EVA capability �CDR - I n each d i r e c t i o n , up sun, down sun and c r o s s sun, observe and r e p o r t s u r f a c e : a. b. c. d. e. f. Brightness/reflections Color p e r c e p t i o n Contrast v a r i a t i o n Texture determination R e f l e c t i o n i n shadow Rock and c r a t e r distribution g. General t e r r a i n evaluation h. Visual and t e r r a i n phenomena d i f f e r e n t from t h a t expected Check EMU s t a t u s w i t h MSFN af t e r stay i n sunlight. Report comfort /problems Move t o shadow edge and repeat l i g h t i n g / v i s i b i l i t y and t e r r a i n e v a l u a t i o n a s above. A d d i t i o n a l l y , observe shadow edge sharpness (look down sun) Check EMU s t a t u s w i t h MSFN a f t e r stay. Take 12 photo panorama (from p o s i t i o n 20 f e e t i n f r o n t of +Z pad). A s panorama is taken, e s t i m a t e d i s tance t o s e v e r a l prominent terrrain features. Repeat e v a l u a t i o n , a s above, i n shadow Check EMU af t e r s t a y i n shadow �CDR - LMP XI. BULK SAMPLE COLLECTION (The LMP i s conducting t h e EVA and Environment E v a l u a t i o n , S e c t i o n X) Remove camera and p l a c e on MESA P r e p a r e MESA: a. Proceed t o MESA b. I n s u r e a r e a about MESA is s u i t a b l e f o r operations c. Adjust h e i g h t of MESA, i f required d. I n s u r e a l l equipment i s accessible Deploy ETB: a. Unfold and p o s i t i o n bag on r i g h t s i d e of MESA (Check bag t o p f o l d e d i n s i d e bag) . P r e p a r e SRC and ALHT: a. Unstow scoop and hammer. P l a c e i n ETB b. Check s e c u r i t y of SRC t a b l e c. Release b u l k sample SRC c a r r y h a n d l e from d e t e n t p o s i t i o n d. R o t a t e h a n d l e 90' clockwise t o r e l e a s e SRC from MESA e. P u l l p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o MESA t o p w i t h c a r r y handle t o remove from stowage p o s i t i o n f . P l a c e SRC on t a b l e w i t h T-handle up and SRC a l i g n e d with t h e t a b l e g. R o t a t e and p l a c e t h e SRC on t a b l e w i t h SRC h a n d l e pointing away from t h e s p a c e c r a f t h. Release t h e two s t r a p l a t c h e s by p r e s s i n g t h e l a t c h l o c k i n g mechanism, w i t h t h e hand on t h e r e l e a s e handle, i n a sideways motion toward t h e c e n t e r of t h e SRC and r o t a t i n g t h e handle forward and upward . �i. Continuing t o grasp second . s t r a p l a t c h r e l e a s e handle, a f t e r relase, rotate the SRC top to' a n open s t a b l e ' p o s i t i o n . NOTE: I f necessary r e s t r a i n SRC with o t h e r hand on c a r r y handle i n order t o break seal j. Check t h e seal s p a c e r is s t i l l i n p l a c e over t h e s e a l k. Unpack SRC. P l a c e packing m a t e r i a l , and s m a l l sample bags i n SRC l i d , i n t r a n s f e r bag o r on MESA 1.. Remove s p r i n g s c a l e m. Hook s c a l e t o l e f t f r o n t of MESA n. Attach l a r g e sample bag t o s c a l e o. P l a c e SWC stowage bag i n SRC l i d o r on MESA NOTE: I f p r a c t i c a l c o l l e c t samples i n view of TV and sequence camera (NOTE: I f p r a c t i c a l use t h e scoop t o c o l l e c t rocks and loose m a t e r i a l simultaneously. Attempt t o c o l l e c t same volume of rocks a s loose m a t e r i a l ) C o l l e c t rock fragments: a. P u l l s t r a p t o f r e e v i b r a t i o n a t t e n u a t o r from tongs b. Remove t h e tongs from t h e MESA, p u l l t h e two lanyards t o r e l e a s e snaps c. Move w i t h i n s e v e r a l yards of t h e MESA t o c o l l e c t rock fragments placing each fragment i n t o t h e sample bag a t t h e t i m e of collection d. A t t h e completion of fragment sampling, place t h e tongs i n temporary stowage i n t h e MESA o r ETB �CDR R e s t l c h e c k EMU systems Collect loose material: a. Remove e x t e n s i o n h a n d l e from stowed p o s i t i o n on MESA. P u l l two snap l a n y a r d s on e x t e n s i o n h a n d l e t o r e l e a s e . Remove v i b r a t i o n a t t e n u a t o r from s m a l l handle. b. Remove scoop from ETB and connect t o e x t e n s i o n handle c . U s e scoop t o f i l l sample bag w i t h l o o s e m a t e r i a l . Comment on c o l l e c t i o n p r o c e s s , s o i l adhesion and cohesion, d i f f i c u l t y of ..scooping, volume of m a t e r i a l , general evaluation . d. Disconnect e x t e n s i o n handle . from scoop. P l a c e scoop 'and e x t e n s i o n h a n d l e i n temporary stowage on MESA o r i n ETB Res t l c h e c k EMU systems Pack and s e a l SRC: a. Remove sample bag from s p r i n g scale b. P l a c e sample bag i n SRC c. Close bag and p l a c e bag i n c e n t e r of SRC s o t h a t bag ends a r e toward SRC ends. d. P l a c e packing m a t e r i a l i n SRC t o minimize v o i d space U s e c a u t i o n t o keep SRC s e a l clean. e. Remove s e a l p r o t e c t o r . If a n O-ring s e a l is l o o s e , remove from SRC and d i s c a r d �CDR - LMP - f . Rotate t h e top closed with a s t r a p l a t c h handle g. S e a l t h e SRC by r o t a t i n g t h e two s t r a p l a t c h e s downward t o t h e locked p o s i t i o n ' P r e p a r e f o r SRC t r a n s f e r : a. R e t r i e v e LEC from stowed position b. Walk t o SRC c. A t t a c h LEC lower hook (marked w i t h "L") t o SRC t o p - l e f t f r o n t bracket d. Attach LEC upper hook (marked w i t h "R") t o t h e SRC t o p - r i g h t r e a r b r a c k e t and l o c k hook R e s t l c h e c k EMU XII. (At t h i s ' p o i n t t h e CDR i s comp l e t i n g t h e Bulk Sample Collect i o n , S e c t i o n XI) LM INSPECTION During i n s p e c t i o n e v a l u a t e v i s u a l perception Report s t a t u s of Quad I: a. Both LM s t a g e s (1) Coating (2) Dust (3) S h i e l d i n g b. Ascent s t a g e (one photo) (1) RCS (2) Rendezvous r a d a r c. Descent s t a g e (one photo) (1) Engine s k i r t , Report s t a t u s of +Z gear: a. Main s t r u t ( t a k e one photo) b. Secondary s t r u t s (two photos, one on each side) c. Take s t e r e o p a i r of padlsurf ace �Photo a r e a where b u l k sample was c o l l e c t e d Deploy ALSCC : (Deployment of t h e ALSCC w i l l b e delayed u n t i l t h e documented sample c o l l e c t i o n i f behind i n the timeline) . a. Remove i s o l a t o r l a t c h p i n and p i v o t cover b. P u l l camera from MESA c. P l a c e camera on secondary g e a r s t r u t and e x e r t . p r e s s u r e on camera cover. P u l l t h e two s k i r t l a n y a r d s d. R o t a t e handle r e t a i n i n g latch e. Swing handle clockwise 150° and p u l l u n t i l f u l l y extended f . P l a c e camera on s u r f a c e ALSCC OPERATION Close-up photographs w i l l b e t a k e n by e i t h e r crewman when time i s a v a i l a b l e between or during other tasks. Several times w i t h i n t h e EVA a r e sugg e s t e d when i t may b e convenient f o r t h e crew t o t a k e photos. T h i s i s n o t a requirement t o t a k e photos nor does i t p r o h i b i t . them from o b t a i n i n g photographs a t o t h e r times which may b e feasible. I n g e n e r a l t h e camera o p e r a t i o n is : a. Estimate p o s i t i o n of o b j e c t p l a n e r e l a t i v e t o camera bearing surface b. P o s i t i o n camera over o b j e c t (Describe o b j e c t and l o c a t i o n ) , �CDR - c. I f o b j e c t is below ALSCC bearing surface depress s k i r t u n t i l o b j e c t i s w i t h i n focus plane d. I f o b j e c t is above b e a r i n g s u r f a c e t i l t camera back u n t i l o b j e c t i s w i t h i n focus p l a n e e. A c t i v a t e t r i g g e r l o c a t e d on handle g r i p f . Read and r e p o r t frame c o u n t e r g. Observe c y c l e completion by l i g h t on handle Carry t h e ALSCC around t h e LM d u r i n g t h e i n s p e c t i o n and t a k e photos a s p r a c t i c a l Report s t a t u s of Quad IV: a. Both LM s t a g e s (1) Coating (2) Dust (3) S h i e l d i n g b. Ascent s t a g e (1) RCS (2) St e e r a b l e antenna (3) Rendezvous r a d a r c. Descent s t a g e (1) Descent engine s k i r t (2) MESA Report s t a t u s of +Y g e a r assembly: a. Main s t r u t b. Secondary s t r u t s . Take one photo of A/S Take one photo of s k i r t Take one photo of MESA ( I n c l u d e a l l Quad I V , i f practical) Take one photo of main s t r u t Take two photos, one on each s i d e of secondary s t r u t s Take s t e r e o p a i r of pad/ surface �CDR R e s t l e v a l u a t e and r e p o r t l i g h t i n g / v i s i b i l i t y i n a l l directions, p a r t i c u l a r l y SIC r e f l e c t i o n s . Observe and r e p o r t t e r r a i n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . Estimate dist a n c e t o s e v e r a l prominent t e r r a i n f e a t u r e s . Take close-up photos i f p o s s i b l e - .LMP Take panorama (12 photos) from p o s i t i o n approx 20 f t o u t from +Y pad and 30 deg CW from +Y a x i s o r 120 deg from l a s t panorama Report s t a t u s of Quad 111: a. Both LM s t a g e s (same a s Quad IV) b. Ascent s t a g e (1) RCS (2) St e e r a b l e antenna (3) VHF antenna c. Descent s t a g e (1) P r o p e l l a n t v e n t s (2) F u e l v e n t (3) Tanks (Oxygen, Helium (2)) (4) Descent engine s k i r t (5) Note i f s u r f a c e d i s c o l o r e d Report s t a t u s of -Z g e a r assembly (same items a s +Y and: Take one photo of A/S , Take one photo of s k i r t (Photo i f s u r f a c e d i s c o l o r e d ) Take same photos a s +Y a. Landing t r a c k b. O x i d i z e r v e n t c EVA antenna) . . Receive camera and t e t h e r t o s u i t Hand Hasselb l a d camera t o CDR Report s t a t u s of Quad 11: (The LMP b e g i n s t h e . EASEP deployment. See t h e following s e c t i o n ) a. Both IN s t a g e s (same a s Quad IV) b. Descent s t a g e (one photo) (1) Landing r a d a r (2) SEQ bay ' T a k e 12 photo panorama (from 20 f t o u t from -Y pad and 30' CCW from -Y a x i s o r 120' from l a s t panorama position) �CDR - LMP Report s t a t u s of -Y g e a r assembly: a. Main s t r u t ( t a k e one photo) b. Secondary s t r u t s (one photo from each s i d e ) c. P a d l s u r f a c e ( t a k e s t e r e o pair) XIII. (At t h i s p o i n t t h e CDR i s completing t h e LM i n s p e c t i o n . See t h e precedi.ng s e c t i o n ) NOTE: I f LMP cannot r a i s e door, s t a n d c l e a r of d o o r , a n d manually' a s s i s t ' EASEP DEPLOYMENT Open SEQ bay door: a. Remove thermal cover from door lanyard b. R e t r i e v e l a n y a r d from r i g h t s i d e of SEQ bay (remove lower v e l c r o strap) c. Move t o p o s i t i o n c l e a r of door d. p u l l w h i t e of lanyard t o r a i s e door e. Temporarily stow lanyard on s t r u t f . I f Quad I1 is i n a low a t t i t u d e connect f o l d e d doors w i t h v e l c r o s t r a p PACKAGES REMOVED BY BOOMS Photograph package removal Remove Package 1 (PSE): a. R e t r i v e boom l a n y a r d from package, (handle) . ' . b. Move t o p o s i t o n c l e a r of package (approximately . . 10 f e e t ) c. P u l l w h i t e p o r t i o n of lanyard t o unlock and move package from SEQ bay t o f u l l y extended boom position �CDR - LMP d. P u l l b l a c k and w h i t e s t r i p e d p o r t i o n of lanyard t o lower package t o s u r f a c e e. R e l e a s e w h i t e p o r t i o n of lanyard from b a s e of package f . P u l l s m a l l lanyard ( v e l c r o e d t o handle) on package t o r e l e a s e boom c a b l e and l a n y a r d s . Reattach lanyard t o v e l c r o g. Move package c l e a r h. P u l l b l a c k and w h i t e s t r i p e d lanyard t o r e t r a c t boom ( o r push boom back w i t h hand) Remove Package 2 (LR') : a. Repeat Package 1 procedure ( s e t package c l e a r of SEQ bay MANUAL PACKAGE REMOVAL Remove Package 1: . a. P u l l s m a l l l a n y a r d , a t t o p o r bottom of package, t o r e l e a s e hockey s t i c k from boom b. Remove deployment l a n y a r d from package and p u l l w h i t e p o r t i o n t o unlock package from bay c. Release w h i t e p o r t i o n of lanyard from b a s e of package d. Move deployment l a n y a r d t o s i d e c l e a r of package e. Manually p u l l package c l e a r of SEQ bay f . S e t package on s u r f a c e c l e a r of bay a r e a �LMP - CDR - Remove Package 2: a. Repeat Package 1 procedure NOTE: Simultaneous accomplishment, although i n d i c a t e d of t h e following tasks, is not required. Photo LMP and t a k e close-up photos a s p r a c t i c a l Close SEQ bay door: a. R e t r i e v e door l a n y a r d b. Move t o p o s i t i o n c l e a r of door c. P u l l b l a c k and w h i t e s t r i p e p o r t i o n of l a n y a r d u n t i l door is c l o s e d d. Discard l a n y a r d . 3 S e l e c t s i t e f o r PSE and LR deployments, nominally 70 f t s o u t h of t h e SIC . Move to'deployment s i t e w i t h cameras. E s t i m a t e d i s t a n c e and p o s i t i o n w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e LM P l a c e LR3 w i t h b a s e toward Earth. (Astronaut f a c e s e a s t f o r S i t e s 1 and 2 and west f o r S i t e s 3,4, and 5). R e s t / prepare a r e a ( c l e a r rocks, smooth s u r f a c e as r e q u i r e d ) 3 Carry PSE and LR t o deployment s i t e (Nominally 70 f e e t out t h e LM-Y a x i s . Report s i t e 10cat i o n i f i t is n o t nominal) 3 P l a c e LR package on s u r f a c e (on end) i n a c l e a r , l e v e l l o c a t i o n , i f p r a c t i c a l . Move PSE approximately 1 0 f e e t f u r t h e r from T.,M and p l a c e on s u r f a c e w i t h b a s e toward n o r t h (Arrow on handle p o i n t s t o south) 3 Deploy LR : a. Simultaneously g r a s p deployment boom ("hockey s t i c k " ) and p u l l p i n ' i n s i d e c a r r y handle. Remove and d i s c a r h "hockey s t i c k " a* Res t / c h e c k EMU �CDR b . ment Simultaneously g r a s p deployh a n d l e and r e l e a s e r i n g c. d. e. f. . * ( L e f t s i d e of package) t o release deployment handle p u l l pin O P u l l deployment handle t o extend handle s i x inches, t o the f i r s t d e t e n t p o s i t i o n , and t o p a r t i a l l y r e l e a s e a r r a y . Discard handle release ring Grasp p u l l r i n g on a r r a y t i l t i n g handle, p u l l t o remove p r o t e c t i v e cover. Discard cover @ Grasp deployment handle t o s t e a d y package. @ Grasp a r r a y t i l t i n g handle, push down r o t a t e handle 45'. P u l l outward t o extend t o d e t e n t p o s i t i o n (9.5 i n c h e s ) and complete a r r a y r e l e a s e @ Use deployment handle t o s t e a d y package. Use a r r a y t i l t i n g handle t o t i l t a r r a y ( t o d e t e n t f o r landing s i t e ) Deploy PSE: a. P r e p a r e a r e a (move r o c k s , . etc.) i f required b. From b a s e of package p u l l l a n y a r d t o r e l e a s e gnomon @ c. Grasp c a r r y h a n d l e w i t h one hand and u s e t h e o t h e r t o remove and d i s c a r d t h e r i g h t s o l a r panel-restraini n g p u l l p i n @ and p a n e l support bracket p u l l p i n @ d. Grasp f i r s t s o l a r p a n e l support bracket, r o t a t e b r a c k e t forward l i f t b r a c k e t upward t o r e l e a s e and remove f i r s t r e a r support bracket-p u l l pin. @ Discard b r a c k e t / l a n y a r d / p u l l p i n The c i r c l e d numbers and symbols correspond t o d e c a l s on t h e packages. g. R e l e a s e t i l t i n g handle (should s p r i n g back i n t o stowed position) h. Depress t r i g g e r on deployment handle, p u l l handle t o extend t o f u l l @ e x t e n t (an a d d i t i o n a l 27 inches) and r o t a t e package t o lunar surface i. Check and r e p o r t experiment a l i g n e d and l e v e l t o w i t h i n Use gnomon +5O. - @1-1 shadow c a s t on p a r t i a l compass r o s e f o r alignment. Use bubble f o r l e v e l i n d i c a t i o n . Use deployment h a n d l e t o a l i g n and l e v e l as r e q u i r e d e. Repeat procedures c. and d. f o r t h e l e f t s o l a r panel bracket @ @ @ f . From s i d e of PSE p u l l deployment h a n d l e ("worki n g height") p i p p i n @ and remove "hockey s t i c k " @ g. Grasp deployment h a n d l e , r o t a t e and p u l l t o extend t o 30 i n c h working h e i g h t and l o c k i n p l a c e @ h. Use deployment handle t o r o t a t e package t o s u r f a c e i. With deployment h a n d l e , embed package mounting t a b s i n l u n a r s u r f a c e (smooth s u r f a c e and a l i g n package) 0 ~nm-1 �CDR - Photograph s c i e n t i f i c packages: CAUTION : Do n o t walk up-sun of t h e PSE. Shadows on t h e s o l a r p a n e l s affect internal electronics a. Take c l o s e u p photo of LR3 b. Take s t e r e o p a i r of LR3 c. Take one photo from about same distance a s stereo p a i r but a t e n t i r e l y d i f f e r e n t angle d.. Move t o PSE e. Repeat photos as i n a , b , and c j. Check and r e p o r t experiment a l i g n e d and l e v e l t o withi n i-5' a s i n d i c a t e d by gnoKon shadow c a s t on part i a l compass r o s e and bubble l e v e l , r e s p e c t i v e l y . Use deployment h a n d l e t o a l i g n and l e v e l as r e q u i r e d . k. P u l l antenna r e l e a s e lanyard from deployment handle ( v e l c r o e d t o handle) 1. P u l l l a n y a r d t o deploy s o l a r p a n e l s and antenna NOTE: . I f p a n e l s do n o t deploy, s t a n d c l e a r of deployment a r e a and check r e a r s u p p o r t b r a c k e t s c l e a r of s o l a r p a n e l s and r e l e a s e l e v e r s (underneath forward edge of p a n e l s ) p u l l e d m. R o t a t e antenna t o designated landin o f f s e t ( s i t e dependent) n. Recheck package l e v e l and a l i g n e d . Report shadow on compass r o s e &) Move t o t h e Quad IV a r e a Move t o MESA w i t h ALSCC.: Take photos a s p r a c t i c a l . Photo f o o t p r i n t made w h i l e c a r r y i n g EASEP R e s t l c h e c k EMU Restlcheck EMU XIV. ~ e s t / p h o t oLMP. close-up photos Take ' - DOCUMENTED SAMPLE COLLECTION T r a n s f e r b u l k sample SRC t o footpad o r g e a r s t r u t s : . . a. Extend loop end of LEC u n t i l s e c t i o n of s t r a p going t o A/S i s t a u t .b. L i f t SRC from t a b l e by l e f t (lower) hook @ �CDR c. Carry SRC and p l a c e on footpad o r secondary struts d. Temporarily stow LEC on gear s t r u t e. Return t o MESA P r e p a r e documented sample SRC f o r sample c o l l e c t i o n : a. Check s e c u r i t y of t a b l e b. P u l l t h e lanyard on l e f t s i d e of TV mounting b r a c k e t t o r e l e a s e t h e two p u l l pins. c. Remove and d i s c a r d b r a c k e t under LM d. Release DS SRC c a r r y h a n d l e from d e t e n t p o s i t i o n e. R o t a t e handle 90' clockwise t o r e l e a s e SRC from MESA f . P u l l perpendicular t o MESA top w i t h c a r r y h a n d l e t o remove from stowage position g. P l a c e SRC on t a b l e w i t h T-handle up and SRC a l i g n e d with the t a b l e h. R o t a t e and p l a c e . t h e SRC on t a b l e w i t h SRC handle p o i n t i n g away from t h e spacecraft i. Release t h e two s t r a p l a t c h e s by p r e s s i n g t h e l a t c h l o c k i n g mechanism w i t h t h e hand on t h e r e l e a s e handle i n a sideways motion toward t h e c e n t e r of t h e SRC and r o t a t i n g t h e handle forward and upward �CDR j. Continuing t o g r a s p second strap latch release handle, a f t e r r e l e a s e , r o t a t e t h e SRC t o p t o an open s t a b l e p o s i t i o n . NOTE: I f necessary res t r a i n SRC w i t h o t h e r hand on c a r r y h a n d l e i n o r d e r t o break s e a l k. Check t h e s e a l s p a c e r i s s t i l l i n p l a c e over t h e bottom s e a l 1. Remove and stow packing m a t e r i a l on SRC l i d , o r i n MESA o r ETB Remove one c o r e t u b e from SRC and p l a c e i n SRC l i d o r ETB . n. Remove t u b e caps and p l a c e i n SRC l i d (two caps . . . wrapped i n packing m a t e r i a l ) 0. Remove small sample bag c o n t a i n i n g York mesh. S e a l bag and p l a c e i n SRC l i d Walk t o LMP ', C o l l e c t c o r e t u b e sample: Take s t e r e o p a i r a f t e r t u b e i s pushed i n t o s u r f a c e ' a. Remove c o r e t u b e from SRC (check b i t a t t a c h e d ) and connect t o t h e e x t e n s i o n handle b. Remove hammer from ETB c. Move t o an u n d i s t u r b e d p o i n t n e a r t h e MESA ( i n view of TV, i f p r a c t i c a l ) d. P l a c e t h e c o r e t u b e a t t h e sampling l o c a t i o n . Push tube i n t o surface t h e l e n g t h of t h e tube. Drive w i t h t h e hammer i f n e c e s s a r y e. R e t r i e v e t u b e by p u l l i n g a l o n g its vertical axis, rotating i f necessary �CDR - I f procedure above i s n o t p r a c t i c a l o r i f t i m e perm i t s , p l a c e gnomon n e a r p r o s p e c t i v e fragment and/or s o i l sample ( n e a r s e v e r a l samples i f p o s s i b l e ) and t a k e two photos of sample s i t e . From approximately f i v e f e e t away, t a k e two photos ( s t e r e o p a i r ) from n e a r 90' t o sun l i n e NOTE: The types of samples and t h e o r d e r i n which they a r e coll e c t e d w i l l b e dependent on t h e t e r r a i n features investigated and crew judgement on t h e b e s t i n v e s t i g a t i v e approach w i t h i n operational limitations. . . Remove a s m a l l b a g ( s ) from l a r g e bag. Report number on bag. (Bags a r e numbered 1 through 14) Open s m a l l bag and hold f o r LMP S e a l small bag and p l a c e i n i n l a r g e c o l l e c t i o n bag Photograph a r e a ( s ) where sample(s) was taken C o l l e c t sample(s) w i t h scoop o r tongs. P l a c e i n bag ( c o l l e c t s e v e r a l samples i f possible) NOTE: The scoop can be used t o simultaneously.collect a small fragment and a s m a l l q u a n t i t y of l o o s e m a t e r i a l S e l e c t a n o t h e r sample and d e s c r i b e o r s e l e c t a new sample a r e a Pick up gnomon ( i f gnomon cannot be conveniently included i n photographs of n e x t sample) �CDR - I f procedure above i s n o t p r a c t i c a l o r i f t i m e perm i t s , p l a c e gnomon n e a r p r o s p e c t i v e fragment and/or s o i l sample ( n e a r s e v e r a l samples i f p o s s i b l e ) and t a k e two photos of sample s i t e . From approximately f i v e f e e t away, t a k e two photos ( s t e r e o p a i r ) from n e a r 90' t o sun l i n e NOTE: The types of samples and t h e o r d e r i n which they a r e coll e c t e d w i l l be dependent on t h e t e r r a i n features investigated and crew judgement on t h e b e s t i n v e s t i g a t i v e approach w i t h i n operational limitations. . . Remove a s m a l l bag(s) from l a r g e bag. Report number on bag. (Bags a r e numbered 1 through 14) Open s m a l l bag and hold f o r LMP S e a l s m a l l bag and p l a c e i n i n l a r g e c o l l e c t i o n bag Photograph a r e a ( s ) where sample(s) was taken C o l l e c t sample(s) w i t h scoop o r tongs. P l a c e i n bag ( c o l l e c t s e v e r a l samples i f possible) NOTE: The scoop can be used t o simultaneously.collect a small fragment and a s m a l l q u a n t i t y of l o o s e m a t e r i a l S e l e c t a n o t h e r sample and d e s c r i b e o r s e l e c t a new sample a r e a Pick up gnomon ( i f gnomon cannot be conveniently included i n photographs of next sample) �CDR Move t o a new sampling a r e a Repeat sampling procedure a t new s i t e ( s ) - u n t i l t h e c o l l e c t i o n bag is f i l l e d o r t h e a l l o t t e d time h a s elapsed. ~ e s t l c h e c kEMU as a p p r o p r i a t e . Take s u r f a c e close-up photographs i f feasible Move t o MESA w i t h s t i l l and close-up cameras Move t o MESA w i t h tongs, scoop, and samples Remove ALSCC f i l m c a s s e t t e and stow: a . P u l l t h e two cover l a n y a r d s and remove cover b. R o t a t e c a s s e t t e f i l m cutter lever c. L i f t c a s s e t t e r e t a i n i n g arm d. Remove c a s s e t t e a n d . p l a c e i n CSC pocket on CDR's s u i t . Close CSC pocket Remove l a r g e sample bag from LMP and a t t a c h t o s p r i n g s c a l e on MESA P l a c e scoop by o r on MESA Hold c o n t a i n e r f o r LMP Hand c o n t a i n e r t o CDR Remove sample of t h e i n the Remove t h e environmental container, the l a r g e r two s m a l l c o n t a i n e r s SRC, and open. o-ring from s e a l �CDR Use scoop to collect loose material from an undisturbed area where bulk sample was taken. Place sample in container. Place scoop by MESA Seal container and place in SRC Remove the gas analysis container from SRC and open. Remove o-ring seal Hand container to CDR Hold container for LMP Use tongs to collect a small rock fragment from bulk sample area and place in container. Seal container and place in SRC Detach tongs and place in ETB Recover SWC: Use scoop to collect rocks and loose material. Fill large sample bag to designated weight or volume Move to SWC Withdraw staff from surface Roll up foil Rotate foil roller to detach position and remove from staff Let staff rest on surface, vertically and with only its weight acting on surface, report depth of penetration Push staff into surface as deep as possible Assess amount of force applied and staff depth If time permits photograph staff and repeat e and f several times. Check staff rigidity in surface Carry SWC foil to MESA Place bag in SRC. Seal bag Remove SWC bag from temporary stowage on MESA and open Hold bag for CDR Insert foil into bag Seal SWC bag and place in SRC Collect second core tube sample if time available (See procedures on page 55) If time not available assist CDR Place York mesh sample (in SRC lid) in SRC. Place packing material in SRC to minimize void space 68 �CDR - T r a n s f e r b u l k sample SRC and magazine: ( I f t h e r e i s time f o r t h e t r a n s f e r of only one SRC, t h e b u l k sample SRC w i l l be t r a n s f e r r e d ) a . Extend loop end of LEC u n t i l s e c t i o n of s t r a p going t o A/S i s t a u t b. Grasp loop g r i p on t h e LEC top l i n e c. L i f t SRC from s t r u t d. Walk t o t h e f r o n t of t h e . l a d d e r w i t h SRC suspended on LEC e. Walk away from l a d d e r ( i n +Z d i r e c t i o n ) w h i l e h o l d i n g LEC t o p . s t r a p (loop) t o t r a n s f e r magaz i n e and SRC t o A/S Assist CDR, i f r e q u i r e d Disconnect and t e m p o r a r i l y stow SRC and camera magazine P r e p a r e f o r t r a n s f e r of documented sample SRC: a. P u l l LEC lower l i n e t o t r a n s f e r LEC hooks t o surface b. With LEC hooks i n hand, walk t o SRC on MESA c. Attach LEC lower hook t o SRC t o p - l e f t f r o n t b r a c k e t and l o c k hook d. A t t a c h upper ( r i g h t ) hook t o SRC t o p - r i g h t r e a r b r a c k e t and l o c k hook T r a n s f e r SRC: a. Extend loop end of LEC u n t i l s e c t i o n of s t r a p going t o A/S i s t a u t b. Grasp LEC t o p l i n e by loop g r i p �CDR - c. L i f t SRC from t a b l e d. Walk t o t h e f r o n t of t h e l a d d e r w i t h SRC suspended on LEC e. Walk away from l a d d e r ( i n +Z d i r e c t i o n ) w h i l e h o l d i n g LEC top s t r a p loop t o t r a n s f e r SRC t o A/S A s s i s t CDR, i f r e q u i r e d ~ e s t l c h e c kEMU Disconnect and t e m p o r a r i l y stow SRC XVII. CDR EVA TERMINATION Clean EMU by d u s t i n g w i t h hands and wiping o r k i c k i n g b o o t s a g a i n s t footpad Change SC FR t o 1 2 / s e c Ascend t o p l a t f o r m Disconnect LEC from ascent stage Receive and d i s c a r d end of LEC away from LM Hand end of LEC through h a t c h t o CDR Ingress A s s i s t CDR, i f r e q u i r e d J e t t i s o n ECS c a n i s t e r and b r a c k e t , OPS b r a c k e t s (adapt e r s ) , 3 a r m r e s t s , bag of used u r i n e bags Close h a t c h Repressurize cabin �SECTION 4.0 ALTERNATE AND CONTINGENT PLANS �4.0 ALTERNATE AND CONTINGENT PLANS 4.1 Alternate EVA (With S-band Erectable Antenna ~eployment) An alternate timeline is presented for the situation in which deployment of the S-band erectable antenna is required. Such a situation will occur if the Goldstone or Parkes (~ustralia) 210-foot antennas are not in view and the communications capability with the LM steerablel85-foot antenna combination is not sufficient to simultaneously obtain acceptable W coverage and voice-biomedical and telemetry data. Thus, due to the present uncertainty of the communications capability - possible unsatisfactory equipment performance and/or contingencies which may cause mission event times to vary so that a 210-foot antenna is not in view, the erectable antenna will be carried on the mission and a real time decision made to deploy or not deploy it, i.e., follow the alternate or the nominal timeline. With the addition of the erectable antenna deployment, the major impact to the timeline is the reduction of time available for the documented sample collection. Also, for the alternate timeline, the LMP must delay his egress to switch to the erectable antenna after the CDR has deployed it. �4.1.2 WITH DEPLOYMENT OF S-BAND ERECTABLE ANTENNA SUMMARY TIMELINE ALTERNATE LUNAR SURFACE EVA b t r r ~ v ~ corm r a rvr I I �1.50 2 a00 2r10 2.20 2.40 1.30 ...t..,..r*............... ...................................................... ................................................. z; I P ~ CSI o o c u r r r r r o s ~ u r r rc o r r c c r ~ o r LY* *.ESTPMOIO ng .OVU6MT 1 S11C *l..I C L O I I . " I .OCPLW LI'EXP. .IOIO I I I ElKlUL.IS ursrm 0 r o* . . j 1c. TO rue 0 5 Ale& o"0,r SlYPLI I c ~ ~ t c r ~ o r *lclalCVE sru L ,L". , " I . , Slit ' 11~. t o OZPLOI .KROl 01 .. 1.50 snrr ICLOSIY. .cL~." I E Y 1 ICRYIWIIO~ CYU YYPLE ."*I101 L ~ r c a c s sc r s l m ! 0C"rcl IOOLS ru .OUK.TC b c o r ~ e r SIYOLES .PAC" YYeLIs Rwros 2.00 CWIPYIII marc* U141SS Cllll I I I I I I I 7U.C PASSNC S C l S W U P . 1 C.011 *JElItSOll .SCCUIC j SCI ,IIST.RIOlO .nr.uc 0s C S. e n n s r c a o r sac I Am0 S f O l 5% LADDIm *t.Cacss I *CLOSC EYY *A%tW I CWUO. o o c v v c n l t o wrrrr c m r r c r ~ o m * m v c l V L l SIC 1 0 .CLCA# AMD SIOLL I * S T 0 1 LLSCC r l l Y Y O T O S.r.LImG *rcr*re wuprc (1YEl.S t~.hvra f::rt;it*m8&L;M~C PDros 2.10 . I I . i I sra crvenr lltCCIYt u.cul"c 8 SIW V C . jI bI ltCElVE sac 2 rJ0 2.30 2.40 �4.1.3 ALTERNATE TIMELINE LUNAR SURFACE EVA CDR HRtMIN LMP - LMP - CDR - II + %R MONITOR ACTIVITY PLAY OUT LEC MOVE TO POSITION AND RELEASE MESA 1 I I t + TV ON FOR CHECK* START SEQUENCE CAMERA (SC) + DESCEND TO FOOTPAD CHECK ASCENT PROCEDURES PLAY O ~ LEC T I TURN TV ON '(AND OFF)* CHANGE SC FR TO 24/SEC I CHANGE SC FR TO 121SEC STOW LEC T STEP TO SURFACE RESTICHECK EMU 4- + I T VISUALLY MONITOR CDR A C T I V I T Y PROVIDE CHECKLIST ASSISTANCE CHECK AND DISCUSS BALANCElSTABIL I T Y WALKING CAPABILITY *TV LEFT ON I F SATISFACTORY 1 , TELEMETRY AND CHANGE SC F I L M MAG VOICE-BIOMED CHANGE FR, TO 6/SEC 1- DATA RECEIVED A II I CDR LEC ' MISSION I APOLLO 11 I EDITION FINAL I 1 DATE 1 JUNE 27, 1 9 6 9 MISSION TIME 112+30 - 112+54 I DAY/ REV 5/19 I W6E 1 of 7 I �ALTERNATE TIMELINE CDR HRtMIN LMP T + RESTICHECK EMU I I 6 T DEPLOY HANDLE I EXTEND BAG COLLECT SAMPLE 4DETACH BAG AND LMP - REMOVE S-BAND ERECTABLE AIITEliNA FROM S/C CHECK LM-L AND EMU $TART sc t UNSTOW CSC AND - CDR II CtiECK LM AND EMU I t CHANGE CARRY ANTENNA TO DEPLOYMEiVT S I T E SC% TO B/SEC I MONITOR CDR ACTIVITY t ORIENT ANTEIIIjA REMOVE TOP CAP DISCARD HANDLE -L I I STOW SAMPLE t I TRANSFER S T I L L CAMERA TO SURFACE PROVIDE CHECKLIST ASSISTANCt EXTEND MAST AND LEGS PREPARE FOR CAMERA TRANSFER ASSIST CDR C I + REMOVE THERMAL COVER AND L I F T ANT. ONTO LEGS CHANGE SC FR TO 11SEC + REMOVE DEPLOY BAR AND R I B T I P PROTECTOR t CHECK AND REPORT LM STATUS 3- I CHAijGE SC FR TO l / S k C OPEN ANTENNA D I S H I t MONITOR CDR ACTIVITY PROVIDE CHECKLIST ASSISTANCE t CHECK TERRAIii ANij LIGHTING t REMOVE CABLE FROM MESA MONITOR CDR A C T I V I T Y I 1, MISSION AF'OLLO 11 I I EDITION FINAL I I I DATE JUNE27,1969 MISSION TIME 112+54-113+18 I DAY/ IW 5/20 I PAOE 2 of 7 �ALTERNATE TIMELINE CDR - LMP - LMP CDR - II T t T ATTACH CABLE TO ANTENNA STEP TO SURFACE REST/CHECK EMU CHANGE SC F I L M MAG. t 1 ROUGH ALIGN ANTENNA I PREPARE MESA FOR TV DEPLOYMENT I MONITOR CDR A C T I V I T Y CHECK BALANCE/STABIL I T Y I REMOVE TRIPOD -1 I CHANGE FROM WA TO L D LENS S-BAND T ~ I L U N A RSTAY TURN ~ T VON CHECK COMM, LM, AND EMU DETERMINE "GO" FOR EVA PLACE SPARE CAMERA ON L L F L O O R REORIENT SC REST/CHECK COMM AND EMU I T + REMOVE CAMERA AND PLACE ON TRIPOD + CARRY TV TO DEPLOY S I T E MISSWN 1 EDITION FINAL I I JUNE 4 + MOVE NEAR LMP REST/CHECK EMU 27, 1969 REMOVE SWC' FROM MESADEPLOY I N SUNLIGHT + P H O T L SWC I DATE ERECT SRC TABLE PLACE TV FOR SUB. EVA CHECK ASCENT PROCEDURE rC, rC, t TAKE FAST SCAN PANORAMA OR SEVERAL POINTS OF, INTEREST t PERFORM COMM CHECK I I + + MONITOR AND DESCEND TO PAD PHOTO LMP PULL TV CABLE FROM MESA t MOVE THRU HATCH CHECK INGRESS PROCEDURE MONITOR AND PHOTO EGRESS APOLLO 11 I DETERMINE WALKING C A P A B I L I T Y MISSION TIME 113+18 - 113+42 I DAY1RN 5 /20 1 1 PAGE 3 of 7 i �ALTERNATE TIMELINE LMP PLACE CAME$ ON MESA PREPARE 'MESA FOR BULK SAMPLE COLLECTION t t PREPARE ALHT AND SRC LIGHTING/VISIBILITY AND TERRAIN I N SHADOW EVALUATE AND REPORT EVA CAPABILITY AND EFFECTS ON SURFACE (TETHER CAMERA WHEN REQUIRED) REST/CHECK EMU PHOTO QUAD I t I PACK SRC EVALUATE AND REPORT LIGHTING/VISIBILITY AND TERRAIN I N SUNLIGHT REPORT STATUS AND PHOTO +Z GEAR PHOTO BULK SAMPLE AREA I t REMOVE ALSCC FROM MESA AND DEPLOY CONNECT LEC I MISSION APOLLO 11 I I CARRY ' ALSCC REPORT STATUS QUADI I V EVALUATE AND REPORT LIGHTING/VISIBILITY AND TERRAIN AT SHADOW EDGE COLLECT ROCKS AND LOOSE MATERIAL 1. I I REPORT' STATUS +Y GEAR I I EDITION FINAL I PHOTO + EVALUATE T E R R A I N / V I S I B I L . I T Y TAKE PHOTO PANORAMA TAKE CLOSE-UP PHOTOS k I DATE ( JUNE 27, 1969 M I S S I O N TIME 113+42 - 114+06 I t I t PHOTO QUAD I V DAY/ REV 5/20 + Y GEAR I t TAKE PHOTO PANORAMA /I. I PAGE 4 of 7 1 �A L T E R N A TTIMELINE E LMP - CDR - I, PHOTO QUAD I11 CARRY C A ~ E R A STO DEPLOY S I T E REPORT POSITION FROM LM CDR LMP - 2: REPORT STATUS QUAD I11 I I t t 1 REPORT STATUS -Z GEAR PHOTO -Z GEAR + I CARRY PSE TO DEPLOY S I T E I t TRANSFER CAMERA TO CDR t I REPORT STATUS DEPLOY PSE PHOTO L R ~ OPEN SEQ BAY DOOR I I AND PHOTO QUAD 11- I' T PHOTO EASEP OFFLOAD MOVE TO PSE t t REPORT STATUS AND PHOTO -Y GEAR + PHOTO PSE + MOVE BULK SRC TO STRUTS OR FOOTPAD RESTIPH'OTO LMP TAKE CLOSE-UP PHOTOS REMOVE ALSCC F I L M AND STOW I N S U I T I DEPLOY S I T E APOLLO 11 1 MOVE MESA RESTICHECK EMU MOVE TO QUAD I V . I PHOTO EASEP OFFLOAD TAKE CLOSE-UP PHOTOS I TAKE CLOSE-UP PHOTOS REMOVE PACKAGE 2 ( L R ~ ) TAKE PHOTO PANORAMA MISSION t T REMOVE PACKAGE 1 (PSE) EDITION FINAL I 1 PREPARE DS SRC AND SAMPLING EQUIPMENT L I DATE JUNE 27, 1 9 6 9 MISSION TIME 114+06 - 114+30 I DAY/R€V 5/20 I PAG€ 5 of 7 I �r ALTERNATE TIMELINE LMP &C -L TETHER SA%E LMP - II ASCEND TO PLATFORM t BAG TO LMP COLLECT CORE TUBE SAMPLE UNSTOW GNOMON SELECT DS AREA MOVE TO DS AREA PHOTO DS AREA + LI t INGRESS I CHECK LM A N D EMU REMOVE S T I L L CAMERA MAGAZINE AND CONNECT TO LEC 1 T I REORIENT CAMERA DESCRIBE AND COLLECT SAMPLES . PHOTO SAMPLES AND SAMPLE AREA ASSIST LMP I t. 4- MOVE TO MESA PLACE SAMPLES I N SRC RETRIEVE AND STOQW C MOVE TO MESA PLACE TOOLS I N ETB PACK SRC CLOSE AND SEA; SRC MOVE TO' LADDER CLEAN EMU MISSION I APOLLO 11 1 I TRANSFER BULK SAMPLE SRC AND CAMERA MAG. I- 1 EDITION FINAL - I DATE C t DISCONNECT AND STOW SRC AND CAMERA MAG. REST/CHECK EMU I LOWER LEC I I JUNE 27, 1969 ASSIST 'CDR, I F REQUIRED 1 MISSION 114+30 - 114+54 DAY! REV 5/20-21 I PAOL 6 of 7 I �LMP CDR I JETTISON EQUIPMENT CLOSE HATCH 1 '"f CABIN REPRESS �4.1.4 Detailed Procedures Refer t o t h e Nominal Lunar EVA Detailed Procedures Section 3.5, f o r t h e procedures which precede t h e S-band Erectable Antenna Deployment. LMP - CDR - S-BAND ERECTABLE ANTENNA DEPLOYMENT Transfer antenna t o deployment s i t e : . a. Walk t o antenna stowage p o s i t i o n ( ~ u a dI ) . . b . Remove thermal s h i e l d c . Remove Velcro s t r a p s and p u l l t o r e l e a s e p i n s a t base of antenna d. Grasp antenna- by deployment . "shimmy" b a r and folded l i f t handle ' e . P u l l antenna o u t and down by l i f t handle t o c l e a r LM s t r u c ture f . Hold antenna by deployment b a r and deploy f o l d e d l i f t handle by p u l l i n g handle o u t of stowage d e t e n t and down t o ' l o c k e d position g. Rotate antenna t o h o r i z o n t a l p o s i t i o n and c a r r y t h e antenna t o t h e deployment s i t e by t h e . shimmy b a r (NOTE: The s i t e t o be used should provide a c l e a r view of Earth and b e approximately 20 f e e t from t h e MESA). h. Place - t h e antenna down with t h e bottom antenna handle r e s t i n g . . on t h e s u r f a c e and t h e orientat i o n arrow on top cap pointing , t o Earth. , When CDR moves i n t o SC f i e l d of view, change SC frame r a t e t o 6/sec �CDR - Remove t o p cap: a. b. c. Release each of t h e t h r e e l e g clamps by r o t a t i n g them out and down Depress t h e t h r e e l e g t i p s and push them r a d i a l l y outward t o f r e e t h e antenna t o p cap Discard metal t o p cap and foam piece i n a r e a away from t h e LM Raise antenna mast : While holding t h e antenna vert i c a l , grasp antenna horn t o p p l a t e and r a i s e t h e first s e c t i o n of t h e antenna feed support. (insure t h e f i r s t s e c t i o n only i s deploying by applying a 2-finger pressure on o u t e r mast section. The outer s e c t i o n has orange stripes. ) Do not touch h e l i x eleCAUTION: ----ment when extending feed assembly .b. Check f i r s t s e c t i o n f u l l y deployed and locked i n detent c. Extend t h e second antenna feed s u p p o r t , s e c t i o n i n t h e same manner a s t h e f i r s t . Check t h e second s e c t i o n f u l l y extended and locked i n detent. a. Deploy t r i p o d : a. b. Extend antenna l e g s by placing 2 f i n g e r s about t h e l e g s e c t i o n and applying f o r c e against loops on e i t h e r s i d e of l e g . Continue t o extend each l e g s e c t i o n t o t h e proper' l e n g t h , i .e., t h e proper p a i n t r i n g and lock with clamps. Check adequacy of each l e g lock Check antenna point toward e a r t h by arrow on r i b programmer IMP - �IMP - CDR - Move around t o t h e r i g h t i n t o t h e antenna l i f t i n g position by t h e shimmy bar P u l l each of t h r e e Velcro l e g retension s t r a p s and l e t the l e g s f a l l outward t o a horizontal position on t h e surface Remove thermal covering from antenna and discard away from LM L i f t t h e antenna from t h e surface using both hands on t h e shi,pmy bar u n t i l t h e antenna i s high enough t o permit t h e crewmember t o . g r a s p the lift handle While holding t h e antenna a l o f t with one hand, grasp l i f t handle with other hand L i f t t h e antenna t o t h e high detent position Check each l e g locked securely i n detent by holding the antenna a l o f t with one hand,and pushing outboard on the l e g s individually Set antenna on surface Release p u l l pin fastener a t base of shimmy bar. P u l l deployment bar down and away from antenna Discard bar i n t h e area away from the Firmly implant each l e g i n t o surface ' Open antenna r e f l e c t o r : a, b. c. d. e. Remove r i b t i p protector and allow it t o s l i d e down antenna l e g t o surface Uncoil antenna r e f l e c t o r r e l e a s e cable from around antenna. Hold cable t a u t and i n s t r a i g h t l i n e t o plunger Remove release t r i g g e r guard pin and discard i n area away from IM Graps an antenna l e g with f r e e hand and position s e l f a t arms length from l e g With head down, squeeze release t r i g g e r t o deploy antenna dish. �CDR - IMF - Attach antenna cable: Walk t o f r o n t of MESA, a d j u s t MESA i f necessary P u l l Velcro s t r a p s t o f r e e l e f t s i d e of thermal blanket Unfold lef't s i d e of blanket t o permit easy access t o cable Release antenna cable connector by p u l l i n g Velcro t a b and snap f r e e Grasp cable connector and pass t h e connector under t h e MESA support s t r a p With cable connector i n hand, walk t o t h e lef't of t h e antenna Walk p a s t t h e antenna and deploy t h e cable completely ( u n t i l black and white s t r i p e d section visible ) Walk t o antenna ,Connect antenna cable by mating t h e two connector p a r t s t u r n i n g t h e outer p a r t clockwise a s viewed from cable end Change SC FR t o l / s e c - Rough a l i g n antenna: a. b. c. d. e. Move around antenna l e g t o rough antenna alignment p o s i t i o n Unstow alignment crank by pushing down and away on crank handle Uncoil crank cable by passing crank wound and behind t h e ant enna base Rough a l i g n antenna i n p i t c h (CCW r o t a t i o n of t h e handle p i t c h e s t h e antenna down) Rough align'antenna i n azimuth. Pull antenna crank out from housing then r o t a t e handcrank t o change antenna azimuth Change SC f i l m magazine when necessary �Fine a l i g n antenna: a. b. c . Press each l e g i n t o surface Check antenna alignment by s i g h t i n g along antenna mast and using o p t i c a l alignment s i g h t Fine a l i g n antenna, a s required, by using remote c o n t r o l crankhandle "in" f o r p i t c h and "out" f o r azimuth Rest-check communications and EMU systems. Take one photo of antenna Switch t o e r e c t a b l e antennaS-band s e l e c t o r t o "Lunar stay" (FM, Mode 10) Perform communications check. Check s i g n a l s t r e n g t h indication > 1.0. Verify voice and telemetry with MSFN. Check LM and EMU systems. Determine "GO" f o r EVA Refer t o t h e Nominal EVA procedures, Section 3 . 5 , f o r t h e LMP I n i t i a l EVA procedures. �4.2 Contingent EVA 1 - Minimum Time, One Man 4.2.1 Description and Rationale For various reasons, on the first lunar landing mission only a very limited time may be available to accomplish the,EVA.* For such a situation the choice of objectives are, first, those with the highest priority and, secondly, those which can be accomplished in a Short period of time and do not require the accomplishment of a previous task. The timeline presented here, referred to as the Contingent EVA 1 or Minimum-Time, One-Man EVA, is to optimize the accomplishment of the choice of objectives by providing the maximum data return for the minimum amount of time expended. ( ~ M n A timeline of approximately 49 minutes). There are several other considerations which enter into the selection of the tasks and the procedural detail of the activities for a minimum time EVA. As this will be an unplanned or contingent EVA, it is desirable to have the procedures and sequence of events closely related to the nominal. Either crewman should be equally capable of conducting the desired tasks and contributing to the data returned. And in general, to achieve the maximum diversified data collection, the crewman on the surface will not go into the procedural detail, particularly with verbal descriptions, as he is expected to in the nominal timeline. In this contingent EVA, for the environmental familiarization, the crewman will spend only enough time to assure himself that he can safely proceed with the EVA. After the contingency sample collection he will continue to become more adapted to the new environment as he conducts a limited EVA evaluation. PrimariLy, this EVA evaluation will involve a brief investigation to determine an astronaut's general capabilities or limitations for conducting EVA tasks within the lunar environment. Photographs taken during this evaluation will be a postflight aid to the crewman's recall and the documentation of this activity. A limited LM inspection, with very brief comments and several documentary photographs, can be conducted for the forward half of the spacecraft within a few minutes. To conclude the surface activity the crewman will take a photographic panorama and possibly a few additional photographs of documentary value. In conclusion it should be mentioned that the crewman's surface activity will be confined to an area where he can be constantly monitored by and in communications with the crewman inside the LM. Practically all of the activity can be documented with the sequence camera, and, if the communications capability exists, with the TV. Also, there should be sufficient time and activity for a thorough PLSS analysis. The final Flight Mission Rules for Apollo 11 wil1,govern the selection of the crewman to egress and the EVA he will accomplish. . . ' 86 �4.2.2 T I M E SCALE q C O W N011nr D HODUU ( . .-. E H I LllL SUMMARY TIMELINE CONTINGENT EVA I I0 . ACTIVITY C S M l l M COMM I MCC-H ACTIVlTV I P A R A T C S YUOM UOCKS W S T N l T V t CWRDIMTED TASKS I I. F I ~ LVRE-LVA OI(MTIDUS #DEPRESS FROM 3.) PSI b SEQlENX CALTRA C M R A Q ~ C W E M A C E b FRAME W ~ c w r n ~ c r C . INITIAL N A tcouu T V COVERAGE 1FRAYVYC I1 MINIMUM TIME, ONE MAN COMMANDER ACllVlTY cnrcr ORELEASE Y Y I 0.LRFORU C l U L SYSlLYS CHECKS I 12 F R A U E ~ C . ~DETERUIML GO FOI EVA 24 F R A Y E V I f C 0 1CcoveACE BXgl Y U I C M ~ E OfCTIVATE SEQUENCE CAULMA LM PILOT ACTIVITY IDEPLOV LEE AS SAFETY UOUITOR I l M E SCALE OASCEND LADDER OCOLLECT SAMPLE ODETACH B I C L GISCUD MMDLE OIYCRESS U B I N .+z ORESIXMECI: EMU . OP(IWIDE CHECKLIST ASSISTA*CE I I OP((OT0CRAPWI DA , @ . I +.Y CLU OJETTISOM EPUINENT .SECURE MTCH 1" OREPRESSURIZE CABIN 1-1 GEAR f REV. YLRCH I ITRAMSFER STILL CAYERA 1 0 SURFACE 4.2.2 OR: HENORICKS CH SUMMARY 1IMELINE c o m r l m c r n EVA I (US% Y M . 1969 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000072 Title A name given to the resource Final Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Operations Plan. Description An account of the resource Prepared by the Lunar Surface Operations Office, Mission Operations Branch, Flight Crew Support Division. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wood, William H., Jr. Manned Spacecraft Center (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-06-27 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Apollo 11 (Spacecraft) Lunar surface vehicles Project Apollo (U.S.) Saturn Project (U.S.) Saturn launch vehicles Space flight to the moon Space vehicles--Moon--Landing Type The nature or genre of the resource Reports Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 32, Folder 10 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000051_000074 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1157/spc_stnv_000073.pdf ece137d305c88eda64e48bf9f34ff4e3 PDF Text Text nRt!fr C L ~ M S k~f r ' *F 8) J,. ' . Mr, David L. Christensen Documentation Coordinator Saturn History Program University of Alabama Huntsville, Alabama 35 8 0 7 I ��STACKING - Bendix cranes lift the 294,900-pound first stage of the Saturn 5 with ease. preparing to place it atop the mobile launcher inThe high b%y of the VAB. Launch Support D i t '-? is responsible for the stacking operations of all stages and t spacecr'aft, in preparing i t for "roll ouP1 to the launch pad. . INTRODUCTION I f you have been fortunate i n this historic hour to watch the events surrounding the pre-launch and launch of Apollo 11 unfold, either from a vantage point at the Kennedy Space Center, o r along the banks of the Indian and Banana Rivers, o r from motel rooms along the Florida East Coast, then y o w have been privileged to see first hand the greatest human achievement i n the annals of mankind. NASA and its team of aerospace contractors are now reaching for just one of their goals -- landing a man o n the surface of the moon and returning h i m safely to earth. There are yet other space conquests in America's exploration of buter space which will call for even more determined spiritwhich has been the backbone of NASA's space program. The pages of t h i s booklet are designed to acquaint you with facts of the Saturn 5, the Apollo soacecraft and t h Lunar Module moonship, and to keep you informed of the day-today scheduled missions as they are now planned, for the duration of this 8-day mission. This booklet may also be a souvenir to r e m ~ n dyou for many years to come that you were here during the flight of Apollo 11, the greatest adventure story since Christopher Columbus began his perilous voyage into the unknown. THE BENDIX CORPORATION I �ROLL OUT- The Bendix-operated 6 million pound CrawlerlTransporter lumbers lowly to the pad carrying its precious cargo, ApollolSaturn 5. Known as one of the strongest, slowest, noisiest, strangest land vehicles i n the world, the giant tractor moves at less than one mile per h o u r during missions, SATURN V - APOLLO 11 AS-5061CSM - 1071LM-5 MAJOR OBJECTIVES 1. Perform a manned lunar landing and return to earth. 2. Perform selenological inspection and sampling, including contingencyllunar bulk sample collection. 3. Obtain data to assess the capability and limitations of the astronaut and his equipment i n the lunar enviranment, including: Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) lunar surface operations and lunar surface EVA operations. 4. Obtain data o n characteristics and mechanical behavior of lunar surface. 5. Obtain data o n landing effects o n LM. 6. Determine position of LM o n the lunar surface. 7. Obtain data o n effects of illumination and contrast conditions on crew visual perception. 8. Demonstrate procedures and hardware used to prevent contamination of the earth's biosphere. 9. Obtain photographic coverage during lunar landing and lunar stay period. �APOLLO 'GAS STATION' - The Bendix Corporation's Launch Support Division High Pressure Gas Department and the Propellant Section combine to provide the world's largest "gas station", offering high and low pressure gasses and propellant delivery for NASA's Apollo Program. MISSION OBJECTIVES 10. Obtain television coverage during lunar stay period 11. Deploy the Early Apollo Scientific Experiments Package (EASEP). 12. Demonstrate operational launch vehicle (LV) capability by injecting a fully loaded Apollo Spacecrafl (SC) onto a specific circumlunar conic. 13. Demonstrate the adequacy of all SC systems and operational procedures for translunar and transearth fliqht. 14. Demonstrate the adequacy of deep space navigation techniques and of guidance accuracy during translunar and transearth midcourse corrections. 1 Demonstrate acceptable service propulsion system (SPS) performance and SC guidance during the lunar orbit insertion boost and the transearth injection boost. 16. Demonstrate acceptable Lunar Module (LMI systems performance during the descent-to-hover boost. 17. Demonstrate acceptable LM systems performance during the ascent and rendezvous mode. �A BIG JOB - Although itweighs less than a pound, this sensor is capable of initiating shut-down of the 1.5 million-pound-thrust engines of the S- IC, the initial booster stage of NASA's Saturn 5. The sensors is built by The Bendix Corporation Instruments and Life Support Division, Davenport, Iowa. PERTINENT DATA Saturn V Launch Vehicle PRE-LAUNCH LAJJNU Y F H I a E GROSS WEIGHT 5 6.3MI.W POUNDS SATURN V STAGE MRNUFACTUREl MRNUFACTURER NORTH AMERICAN-ROCKWELL M I N I M VACUUM THRUST AT lUIDF t A1 170.000 FT. AN0 70'F ? NWINAL V A W W THRUST AT NOTE: M R L 6 T VALUES. WEIGHTS. RND BURN T I W ARE ALL APPPXINATIOHS. 6O.F �COVER UP - An inertral guidance system of the type assigned to keeping the Saturn V r o c k t on course during Apollo 11 moan shot. The unit is built by Navigation and Control Divis~on,Teterboro, N. J, Lunar Module Reaction Control Descent Propulsion System (DPS) TRW Corporation r o t o r pmv~der 10,500 l b r . Thrust Total We~ght - 30,531 lbs. �OUTLINE OF FLIGHT PROFiLE Launch and Earth Parking Orbit Insertion - The Saturn V Vehicle will insert the S-IVBIIUlLiWCSM into a 100 NM circular orbit at 11 minutes, 24 seconds after liftoff. The S- IVBII U and Spacecraft checkout will be accomplished during the orbital coast phase. Translunar Injection and Coast - The Launch Vehicle S-IVB stage will be reignited during the second parking orbit, to inject the S-IVB, LM and CSM into a translunar trajectory. This nominal injection will provide a "free return" to Earth i f the insertion into lunar parking orbit cannot be accomplished. The CSMwill separate from the S-IVB, transpose, dock, and initiate ejection of the LM. Midcourse corrections will be made, as required, utilizing the Manned Space Flight Network (MSFN) for navigation. Lunar Orbit Insertion - Service Propulsion System (SPS) will insert the Spacecraft into an initla1 orblt of 60 X 170 NM. Following insertion and systems checks and two revolutions in this orbit, the orbitwill be circularized at @ NM. I Lunar Module Descent and Landing - The Commander (CDR) and LM Pilot (LMP) will enter the LM and separate from the CSM using the S M - Reaction Control System (RCS). The LM l used for powered Descent Propulsion System (DPS) w ~ l be descent to the lunar surface. The vertical descent portion of the landing phase will start at an altltude of 150 feet. Rest oeriods will follow. Flight Profile Lunar Surface Operations - The staytime o n the lunar surface is planned at 21 hours, 33 minutes, and 21 seconds. Stay will include rest periods and EVA of 2 hours and 40 minutes at not over 70 feet radius from the LM. Planned activities include photography, TV, sample collection, LM inspection, assessment of astronaut capabilities, and limitations and experiment deployment. Lunar Module Ascent - At the completion of the lunar surface activities the LM-Ascent Propulsion System (APS) and the LMRCS w i II be used to launch, rendezvous and dock to the CSM. The LM will coast from insertion to an elliptical orbit (9 X 45 NM) for one hour after which several maneuvers will be made to bring the LM and CSM range to within one nautical mile. Braki n g from this point will be performed manually. Once docked to the CSM the two LM Crewmen will transfer to the CSMwith sam- ' ples of lunar surface material. The CSM will be separated from the LM using the SM-RCS. Transearth Injection and Coast - The S P 5 w i l l be used to inject the CSM into the transearthtrajectory. Traosearth return time will be 63 hours, 51 minutes, 50'seconds. During the transearth coast Intermediate midcourse corrections will be mede, if required, utilizing the MSFN for navigation. Entry and Recovery - P r i o r to atmosphere entry the Command Module will be separated from the Service Module using the SMRCS The drogue parachute deployment sequence will start at a n altitude of 23,300 feet, the three main parachutes at 10,500 feet altltude. The nom~nalrange from the entry interface at 400,(MO feet alt~tudeto touchdown will be 1285 nautical miles Earth touchdown will be i n the Mid-Pacific. �LUNAR LANDING MISSION PROFILE ' �MAJOR SCHEDULE AND COUNTDOWN EVENTS T - 4 months, 2 weeks T - 3 months, 1week Erected Launch Vehicle S-IC, S-11, SIVB, and I U Erected Spacecraft CSM-107 and and LM-5 - 'I . . 2: T - 2 months l nstalled SIC and LV 0 r d n a k e ' and LES and Transferred SV to Pad A T - 1 month, 2 weeks Conducted SV - Flight Readiness Test - FRT T - 1 month Hypergolic Loading and RP-, loading of SV T - 3 weeks ' . -21 Begin Countdown Demonstration Test - Wet and Dry -% ; ' *s Countdown T - 114 hours Begin Countdown T - 106 hours, 30 min. Monitor GH2 Facility and Provide GN2 and GHe for Duration of Test T - 93 hours Begin Space Vehicle Ordnance Operations T - 89 hours Begin Launch Vehicle Ordnance Operations T - 85 hours Provide SCAPE Support �APQLLO TRACKING - B e n C i men operate the Devil's Ashpit station o n tiny volcanic-extinct Ascension Island, 5,m miles downrange from Cape Kennedy. This is one of the 12 sfations maintained and operated for NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center by the Bendix Field Engineering Corporation. Countdown T - 25 hours T - 24 hours T - 22 hours T - 20 hours T - 15 hours, 45 min. T - 15 hours, 30 min. Validate Astronaut Vans Inspect MSS for Travel Configuration Activate First Industrial Water Engine and Bring Up to Speed lnstall and Soap Plywood Surface at Pad Start and Stabilize Crawler Transporter Secure Hammerhead Crane for Launch Pressurize and Leak Check GH2 Cross Country Lines T - 13 hours, 45 min. Propel CIT to Top of Ramp T - 13 hours, 15 min. Propel CIT to Mate MSS T - 12 hours, 45 min. Jack CIT to Mate MSS T - l l hours lnstall and Soap Plywood Surface at MSS Parksite Release Weather Balloon T - 10 hours, 45 min. Jack MSS up to Clearance Height T - 10 hours, 15 min. Propel MSS to Parksite T - 9 hours, 45 min. - T 9 hours, 30 min. Provide Generator Support at CCF Until End of Mission Verify 11 Scott Air Packs in the ECS Room and 23 i n the Blast Room �countdown T - 9 hours Begin Built-in Hold of 6 hours Slide Wire Preps Complete and Ready to Support T - 8 hours, 15 min. Begin LV Propellant Loading T - 8 hours Begin LV Cryogenic Loading T - 7 hours Clear Route for Astro Van Activate 2nd and 3rd Industrial Water Engines T - 6 hours, 45 min. MSS Mated at Parksite T - 6 hours, 15 min. MSS is Hard Down o n Mounts T - 6 hours Release Weather Balloon T - 3 hours, 45 min. MSS Parksite Clear of Personnel T - 3 hours, 15 min. Prime Crew Enter Astro Van at MSO B ldg. T - 2 hours, 45 min. Crew Ingress at C-39 Pad A T - l hour Support RP-1 Fuel Level Pdjust merit o n LV T - 7 min. Verify GO for Launch *T - 3 min. Terminate LV Liquid Oxygen and Hydrogen Replenishment *T - 2 min., 47 sec. pressurize S-IVB LOX Tank *T - 1 min., 37 sec. pressurize S-IC, S-l I and S-IVB Fuel Tanks Countdown. 'T - 1 min., 22 sec. "T - 1 min., 12 sec. T - 1 min. 'T - 40 sec. Pressurize S-I I Liquid Hydrogen Tank Pressurize S-IC LOX Tank Pad Industrial Water On Flame Deflection Cooling Water On T - 9 sec. Ignition Sequence Start T - 2 sec. All 5 Engines Running "May not be exact time - actual countdown not available at this time. �FIRST DAY Wednesday T - 9 sec. lgnition Command T- 0 Liftoff T t 2 min., 14 sec. S-IC Inboard Engine Cutoff (1) I T S- I C Outboard Engine Cutoff (4) 2 min., 40 sec. t T t 2 min., 41 sec. S- ICIS-I I Separation T t 2 min., 42 sec. S-l l (2nd Stage) lgnition Jettison Launch Escape Tower (LET) T t 8 min., 50 sec. S- II Engine Cutoff (51 S-I IIS- IVB Separation T t 8 min., 51 sec. S- IVB (3rd Stage) 1st lgnition T + 11min., 21 sec. S-IVB Velocity Cutoff - Orbit Insertion - 100 N M T t 2 hrs., 44 min., 18 sec. S-IVB 2nd lgnition on 2nd Revolution T t 2 hrs., 49 rnin., 39 sec. S-IVB Cutoff - Translunar I n j e d i o n (TLI) T t 3 hrs., 12 min. CSM Separation from S-IVBIIUILM-5 and T ~ a n ~ p o ~ i t i o n T t 3 hrs., 22 min. Dock CSM with LM T t 4 hrs., 10 min. Eject LM from T t 4 hrs., 39 min., 37 sec. S- IVB Evasive Maneuver - SPS lgnition of CSMILM FIRST DAY T + 4 hrs., 49 min. S- IVB 3rd lgnition - Slingshot Maneuver - Orbit S-IVBIIU Around Sun T t 7 hrs. 39, Wc N M from Earth T t 11 h r s , 16 min. Midcourse Correction Maneuver No. 1 (MCC #1)of CSMILM-5 T + 19 hrs. SF,00'! NM from Earth SECOND DAY Th ursday T + 26 hrs., 3 min. MCC %2(if required) T + 43 hrs. 150,DM NM from Earth THIRD DAY Friday T + 53 hrs., 55 min. MCC 8 (if required) T t 56 hrs., 17 min. Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) - tntraVehicular Transfer (IVT) to LM Commander (CDR) - Transfer Equipment to LMP i n LM T + 57 hrs., 5 min. CDR - IVT to LM T + 58 h r s . LMP and CDR r e t u r n to CSM 180,000 N M from Earth T + 70 hrs., 55 min. MCC W (if required) �FOURTH DAY Saturday T + 73 hrs. GO-NO-GO for Lunar Orbit Insertion -#I(1011) T t 75 h r s , 55 min , 03 sec. 'Loll M N M X 170NM Orbit B u r n Time - 6 min., 5 sec. T Lunar Revolution # 3 t 80 hrs., 10 min T + 80 hrs., 12 min , 01 sec. + 81 h r s . , T LO12 m N M X @NM Orbit B u r n Time14 sec 48 min. LMP - Returns to CSM T t 83 hrs., 48 min Lunar Revolution $5 T + 84 hrs., 07 T + 94 hrs., 26 min. LMP - IVT to LM T + $4 h r s . , 50 min. CDR- I C T t 0 L M min. FIFTH DAY Sunday T + 97 hrs., 30 min. GO-NO-GO for Undocking T + 97 hrs., 58 min. L u m r Revolution #12 T + 98 h r s Undock LM from CSM , 18 min. T + 98 hrs., 43 min LM Separation from CSM T + 99 hrs., 42 min., 27 sec. Descent Orbit Insertion (DO!) B u r n Time - 35 sec. T + 100 h r s . , 38 min., 57 sec. PDI T Touchdown o n Moon + 100 hrs., 50 min., 5D sec. FIFTH DAY T + 100 hrs., 54 min. T + 101 hrs., 01 min. GO-NO-GO for 7 min. Stay GO-NO-GO for 1Lunar Revolution of CSM T + 101 hrs., 52 min. Lunar Revolution #14 for CSM T + 102 hrs., 10 min. T + 108 hrs., 32 min. Begin preparations for Egress T + 109 hrs., 50 min. Lunar Revolution #18 for CSM T + 110 hrs., 30 min. CDR - Start Extravehicular Activity (EVA) T + 110 hrs., 40 min. CDR - l nitial EVA with LMP Assistance and Monitoring Sequence c Camera - TV T + 110 hrs., 55 min. Contingency Sample Collection T + I l l hrs., 08 min. CDR - Rest and Photograph LMP - EVA T N Deployment qolar Wind Component (SWC) Deployment Bulk Sample Collection EVA and Environment Evaluation t 111 hrs., 30 min. GO-NO-GO for Lunar Stay T + 111 hrs.. 42 min. Perform LM Inspection T + I l l hrs., 45 min. Lunar Revolution #19 - LM T + 112 hrs. Early Apollo Scientific Equipment Package IEASEP) Deployment T + 112 hrs., 08 min. Documented Sample Collect ion �FIFTH DAY T + 112 hrs., 40 min. LMP - EVA Termination T + 112 hrs., 45 min. CDR - Rock and Transfer Sample Ret u r n Container (SRC) CDR - EVA Termination (Total EVA- 2 hrs., 40 min ) + 113 hrs. T T + 113 hrs.. 43 min. T Lunar Revolution #a- CSM Jettison Surplus Equipment Eat and Rest + 114 hrs., 21 min. SIXTH DAY Monday T + 122 hrs., 28 min., I1 sec. LWAS-Liftoff-Ascent Propulsion (APS) System - B u r n Time - 400 sec. T + lT2 hrs., 35 min., 25 sec. Orbit Insertion of L W A S T + 123 hrs., 26 min., 27 sec. LM-RCS-Coelliptic Sequence Initiation Maneuver - (CSI) B u r n Time - 46 sec. + 123 hrs., 25 min., 27 sec. T CSM Backup CSI B u r n T + 124 hrs., 24 min., 25 sec. LM-RCS Constant Delta Altitude Maneuver (CDH) B u r n Time - 2.8 SeC. T + 124 hrs., 27 min., 25 sec. CSM Backup - CDH B u r n T + 124 hrs., 02 min., 46 sec. LM-RCS Terminal Phase initiation Maneuver (TPI) B u r n Time - 23.3 T + 125 h rs. , 17 min. , 46 sec. LM- RCS-MCC #1 SIXTH DAY T + 125 hrs. , 32 min. , 46 sec. LM-RCS-MCC #2 T + 125 hrs., 42 min., 22 sec. LM-RCS Braking Maneuvers B u r n Time - 1.5 sec., Range - 1.0 NM T + 125 hrs., 44 min., 05 sec. LM-RCS B r a k i n ~ M a n e u v e r sB u r n Time- 9.6 sec., Range- .5 NM T + 125 hrs., 45 min., 14 sec. LM-RCS Braking Maneuvers B u r n Time - 9.0 sec., Range - . 2 N M LM-RCS Braking Maneuvers B u r n Ti me - 4.3 sec. , Range - .08NM T + 125 hrs., 47 min., 02 sec. T + 125 hrs., 48 min., 03 sec. LM-RCS Braking Maneuvers B u r n Time - 4.2 sec. , Range - 0.3 NM I T + 126 hrs. LM Actlve Docking with CSM T + 126 hrs., 48 min. CDR - IVT to CSM T + 127 hrs. LMP - IVT to CSM T + 128 hrs. Jettison LM-AS T + 129 hrs. , 32 min. Lunar Revolution #28 T + 131 hrs., 28 min., 43 sec. Transearth Insertion (TEI) B u r n Time SPS - 2 min., 20 sec., Lunar Revolution #29 SEVENTH DAY Tuesday T + 148 hrs., 32 min. MCC #5 (if required) �EIGHTH DAY Wednesday MCC #6 (if required) Earth insertion (El) - 22 hrs. T + 172 hrs., 58 min. NINTH DAY Thursday + 192 hrs. , 06 T min. MCC #7 (if required) EI- 3 hrs. T t 194 hrs., 57 min. CMiSM Separation T t 195 hrs., 06 min., 27 sec. Earth Insertion - Altitude - 4n0,%0 ft. T + 195 hrs., Enter, S-Band Blackbut T t T + 195 hrs., 06 min., 53 sec. 195 hrs., 07 min,, 51 sec. 07 min., 53sec. Astronauts Experience Peak G Force Exit. S-Band Blackout T + 195 hrs. , 15 rnin. Drogue Chutes Deployment 23,300 feet altitude T t 195 hrs., 15 min., 49 sec. Drogue Chutes Disconnect and 3 Main Parachutes Deploy at 10,500 feet altitude T t 195 hrs., 20 min. , 42 sec. Splashdown - Pacific Ocean FOOT STEPS ON THE MOON - Apollo 11astronauts will carry this self-contained seismic station as part o f the Early Apollo Scientific Experimental Package (EASEPI, to be placed on the moon. When operating, the seismometer may transmit to earth listeners the sound of the astronaut's footsteps. Ron Redick, of the Bendix Corporat~on'sAerospace Systems Division, A n n Arbor. Mich~gan, simulates the moon deployment. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000073 Title A name given to the resource "Apollo 11 Mission Profile." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bendix Field Engineering Corporation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-01-01 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Apollo 11 (Spacecraft) Project Apollo (U.S.) Saturn Project (U.S.) Saturn launch vehicles Space flight to the moon Type The nature or genre of the resource Pamphlets Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 29, Folder 61 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000051_000074 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1158/spc_stnv_000074.pdf 582f903466de2079bb829d2764795375 PDF Text Text APOLLO 6 PRE-LAUNCH PRESS CONFERENCE Cape Royal Mews Center, 'Cocoa Beach John F. Kennedy Space Center IJational Aeronautics and Space Administration Wednesday, April 3, 1968 Participants William C. Schneider, Apollo ~ i s s i b nDirector, NASA Geargo, M Low, Apol lo Spacecraft Manager ,i\IASA Clifford Charlesiyorth, Apollo 6 Flight Director, Manned Spacecraft Center, NASA Dr. Arthur Rudotpf~, Saturn V Proyrs.m Office, Mzushali Space Fli yht Center,NASA Rocco A. Pctrone, Apollo 6 Launch Director, l(cnnedy Space Center, NASA Cof. Royce Olson, USAF, Director DOD Lhnned Spacerlight Suppott Orfice, Patrick AFB Chris Kraft, Director of Fliai~tOperations, Manned Spaceciaft Center . �Mr. King: May I have your attention please? We're ready to proceed with the Apollo 6 prelaunch briefing at this time. I ' d l i k e t o cover a few logistics before we go into the actual conference here. W e ' l l be open a l l night tonight. The phone nunrber for any new arrivals who have not been with us before i s 783-7781. We'll have somebody on duty a l l night and through the morning hours leading up t o launch. You've a l l been accredited. You have your badges. You have the instructions you require to find your way out to the press site a t Launch Complex 3'9. You w i l l be able to take your own transportation out there. There w i l l be a guard who w i l l direct you to the parking lot which i s located right i n front of the press site itself. We request that you don't go up on the mound a t the press site, but bring your car into the parking lot i n front. W e ' l l start a commentary at about 2 a.m. tomorrow rnouning, rugning about every half hour until the crowd grows a l i t t l e larger. We w i l l be giving a complete commentary later i n the c o ~ l n t . The countdown commentary w i l l be handled from here until we clear thc tower a t l ifkoff a t which time it w i l l switch to the Manned Spacecraft Center i n tlouston, I n addition to your own transportation we w i l l have a bus departing here roughly on the hour, starting at r i i d n i ~ k t , with i t s last departure from the News Center at 5 : 3 0 a.m. tomorrow. You a l l might keep i n mind that i t ' s possible there could be some pretty good traffic i n the xrea as we get close to launct.1 time and it might behoove you a l l l o consider leaving early enough to notgget caught i n traffic a t the last minute. W e ' l l have a post-launch briefing at the press site at T plus 60 minutes. T h i s w i l l be followed by a second conference, a post-*mission briefing, which w i l l occur about ten hours after launch. This also will be a twoway conference, with participants from both the Kennedy Space Center and the PJlanned Spacecraft Center i n Houston. I ' d now like to introduce these gentlemen to you here, and one gentleman who i s also standing by for us at the PAanned Spacecraft Center i n I-louston. T h i s w i l l also be a two-way conference. We w i l l first take questions from here and then stvitch to your colleaqiies i n !-!ouston so that they will also have an opportunity to asl: questions. �To niy right, here at l<SC, Mr. George M. Low, viho i s Apollo Program Manager for the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center. Mext, Mr. \Nilliani Schneider, Office of Maniiecl Spaceflight, NASA Headquarters MrSchneider i s Apollo blission Director. Next Rocco Petrone, w l ~ oi s Director of Launch Operations for the Kennedy Space Center, and Launch Director for tlie Apollo 6 fligf~t. Next wc have Dr. Arthur Rudolph. Dr. Rudolph i s the Saturn V Progratn Manager from the Marsl~allSpace Fliglit Center. And Colonel Royce Olson, who i s Director of the Department of Defense F.4anned Spaceflight Support Office a t Patrick A i r Force Base. Also, standing by i n Houston, i s Mr. Cliff Charlesworth, who i s the 5 0 2 Flight Director, the Apollo 6 Flight Director for this mission at MSC. -- Mr. Kraft: I'd now like to turn it over to Mr. Schneider. Excuse me. I also understand, l'nl sorry Chris, we also have Mr. Chris Kraft, who i s Director of Fliglit Operations for the Manned Spacecraft Center, also standing by i n Houston. .Bill, would you take over please., Mr. Schneider: Good afternoon, ladies and gentlen~en. First I'd like to'apologize for the hour and a half delay. 1 assure you we were worlting and weren't just loafing. We have just completed oirr final review of the spacecrafi and tlie lairnch ve'l~icleand the entire comp!ex' as well as the netci~orkand the BOD forces, and we've conipleted our review of the weather, and everything i s at this time GO!. . The weather situation, as reported to 11sby the ESSA people, i s basically that early i n the morning the weather w i l l be much like this, as it i s out here today, that is, with clear and gentle winds, with deterio:ating conditions toward the afternoon, with ar. expected wind velocity reaching as rnuch as a peak of 25 knots sonletirnc later i n tlie day. But v ~ eare on scttediile aild moving out for an 0700 launch tomorrow morning, that's 0 7 0 0 Eastern Standard. The close of the window for tomorrow w i l l be dependent upon ille conditior?~ i n the recovery zone. VIe have set a requirerr~entthat t f con:litions ~ in thc recovery zone be such that the onsite commander can give us reasona!)ie assurance that he w i l l be able to successfully vecover the spacecraft. Vie expecl the close of that window to be, i f contlitions arc very good, on t t ~ c order of noon cr 1230 EST. �T h i s is, of course, the final qualification flight on the Saturn V launch vehicle, since we have previously qualified the command and service modules and the lunar module for manned flight i n previous missions. We are looking forward to having a goocl la~lnchvehicle flight, and as a niatter of fact, a good spacecraft flight, too, George, but as I said, the spacecraft objectives are on this tnission, secondary. It i s even conceivable that, and I stress the word conceivable, that the mission may have accomplished a l l of i t s primary mission objectives at the time of insertion into orbit, although, of course, that couldn't be determined for quite a long time. We do have one, I shall not call it a dark cloud, but one question mark, and this i s the question that kept us out at the Launch Control Center for the past couple hours. That i s the question of a temperature that we experienced during the Countdown Demonstration Test on the S-Il stage J-2 engines where some of the propellant pump discharge temperatures were a few degrees above what we call our redlinc values, that i s the values that we expect to achieve for launch. We have taken some corrective action and we have examined it. We think we've solved the problem. We have reaso~ablehope that we've solved the problem. However, there i s no way to test whether we w i l l achieve the proper redline withoui going through a cryogenic test and so the cryogenic test i s going to be i n the morning. If, for example, we do not achieve this proper temperature on the first cycle we w i l l be forced to do what we did during the CDDT, and that is, namely, cut off, stop at about 22 seconds 0: thereabouts and recycle back t o about 24 minutes, then wait and assess the problem and see whether or not we can stabilize conditions again, and try again. Wopefully that w i l l not happen, but it i s a very distinct possibility. With that, I'd like to turn it over to Rocco and ask Col. Petronit i f he would now give LIS a discussion of how things have been going out at the Cape. �Mr. Petrone: Well, we have been busy, as yo11 know. We finished our Countdown Demonstration Sunday, then we had to recycle for the count and also work our way throtrgh.sorne of the things we found i n the Countdown Demonstration, but we succeeded in picking up the count at one o'clock this morning. We have a final 24hour terminal count which we picked up at one, and at the time as of now, I understand the count is on . we left tliere schedule. We plan a hold at the eight-hour mark, T minus eight hours. We plan a hold of six hours. We have no scheduled work and at this time it does not appear that there will be any necessary within that hold; We zre on schedule with a!l of our checks, everything is going fine. So, roughly at 1700, in another hour and fifteen minutes, we w i l l complete our task on schedule, We w i l l have a six-hour hold and pick up again at 11o'clock tonight for the Final portion of the count of eight hours to a seven o'clock l iftoff. -- -- A t 10:30 p,m. we w i l l have a look at the weather to see i f the situation has changed. Right now, the forecast would indicate tfiat our niort~ingtime is the best time to go, that is Thursday morning. We w i l l take a look at the weather at lO:30, then commit at 1 1 : 0 0 p.m., that is EST, at T rnitius eight in our count for the launcli. A t T minus seven hours vie stait our cryogenic tanking and shortly theuezfter we will stati getting cryogenics into the stage. Up until T minus eight hours vJe can s i t there and . recycle on a 24-hour basis. I f we dccidc not to pick up the count a t 13.:00, and assuming we had no prob!er?i causir~g11s to go i n and change something, we could s i t there and hold,, 'vV~can do that through Saturday as tve now see it. We could wait through Thursday, Friday and Saturday on our latrnch attempts, asstlining far. some reason 'at T minus eight Iiouus we do not want to pick up the count, other than for hardware difficulties somewht?~in the program, Once we get our cryoga~icsaboard the stage we thei~are in the . positiot~of a 72-hour recycle. These are my conclusior~son wherz we have been and what we have bee!^ doing since our CDDT ended, and now we expt.ct to pick up the count at 11:GO p.m. for a launch s t 7: 0 0 a.m. Col. Olsot~: Departn:ent of Defense support for this mission is essentially the 50 1, hie have roi~yhl.y45 airsame as it was for Apollo 4 craft and 1.1 ships involved. CZ'c are taking advantage of this unmanned mission, of col!ae, to fuither t~ai!; o w crews and check S zrt? con~ir~g iilto the out the eyuipn~entOII the new Y C S D ~ ~ Y C Cti:zk -- �inventory to support Apollo, such as the Apollo ships and the ARIA aircraft, There w i l l be two aircraft in the Hawaiian area for reentry, there w i l l be three of them out here in the Atlantic, There are three Apollo ships involved. One of them, the Mercury, is sitting out here in the port, but we are getting training as the spacecraft passes over, so i f you're interested in Apollo ships, there is one right here at the port. Question: I'd like a recap on the postponements, the seriousness of them, etc,, from March 2 1. There have been five postponements, is that correct? MY, Schneider: I don't know the numbers. We did stark out for March 21, We did have a number of minor probtems, normal problems. Perhaps Rocco would like to go into them, Mr. Petrone: , Those of us working in the program, doing the job day by day, perhaps don't see much of the calendar shifts -- there are shifts throughout our scheduleo I can't think of anything -- you see, in the CDDT we did have three attempts. On one attempt we had a leak in the facility, that we had to repair. On a second attempt we had fuel difficulties. So it was those kind of problems that went on and moved us from the 2 I s t to the 4 t h -- throughout our preparation schedule, 1 can't recall a single large item that we changed out,, There was additive work, things took a l i t t l e longer at;d on some of our tasks, either we didn't hit it the First time or had to go. back i n and change a component, but there was nothing significantly large that gave us a two week s l i p by itself, There were many additive situations. Question: I'd I ike to ask George Low if a!! the objectives of thc spacecraft are regarded as secondary as f a as he is concerned, is there anything that could happen to the spacecraft, including washout or failure to recover, that might mxke you want to have another preparztory fl ight before manned flight ? Mrb Low: Wel I, I have to say yes to that question, but I can't give you a more specific answer, IF we should lose a spacecraft because of a spacecraft failure, we would hate to lool< at that failur2 t o determine whether we would need another flight or car? solve it by ground test or analysis or what have you, These questions are very difficult to answer before a flight, b[r"tome very easy after a fl iyht, �Question: For Mr. Sctllreider or Mr, Petrone, Can you explain in a little further detail the J-2 pump discharge problem? Mr. Petrone: We have a redl ine that we have to zchieve in order to assure that whe1.1your turbopump starts pumping your liquid oxygen or your l iquid hydrogen into your engine, that you do not cavitate. The term means that you don't convert the fluids into gases, because you want to deliver liquids. You want to del iver a good sol i d liquid, This has to do with ten~peratureand pressure. So we have a temperature reading that we look for at the engine inlet, The redl ine we're looking for and we're set at, is minus 286 degrees Fahrenheit, It .is now, with looking at the engines specifically and having run through our Countdown Demonstrat ion Thursday, we have, in effect, raised that two degrees to minus 284 and what you're doing here is looking for a number that ~ v j l assure l that the pumps function properly so that the liquid doesn't gasify as it goes through the pumps. These are very cold liquids and as you s i t there, you tend to pick up heat, just by virtue 6f the fact that they ar2 cryogenic. So the question of a redline on an engine, and it has to do with these particular engines and the head that you have on it, the prim2 purpose of it is to prevent cavitation or to prevent the Iiquids from being converted to a gas before you get t o the injector of that engine, �Question: May I follow up on that? M r . Petrone: Yes. Quest ion: This was on the oxygen side, rather than on the hydrogen? Mr. Petrone: We had actually, Bill, three on the oxygen side and one on the hydrogen side. We had one hydrogen feed line and three oxygen feed lines i n the second stage wherein we were, say, a few degrees hotter than the redl ine l imits . Quest ion: You don't redline hydrogen at any temperature as high as minus 286, do you? M r . Petrone: No. The number I gave was for oxygen. Hydrogen i s minus 420, i f my memory serves, minus 420. Question: Can you account for the heat sources? Dr. Rudolph: No. Really , t h i s i s not so easy to explain. We know that there must be a change i n the heat source, but what it really i s we are s t i l l struggling with. It could be. . . .. . . Question: I s this a novel situation? Has it ever happened before? Dr. Rudolph: It has not happened before. Mr. Petrone: It did not happen on 5 Q l . However, i t has beet1 seen on prior programs. Dr. Rudolph: Maybe 1 can say the following. Since this compartment where these engines are we can only test here at the Cape for the f i r s t time, not i n our captivefirirrjs on our test stands, and therefore the conditions are entirely differetit because n~!rdthe engines are enclosed and are between the oxygen tank of the second stage and the oxygen tank on the first stag?. .So we have to d2liver h2aE to protect against too much cold. Now any slight cha~gc!in the construction, an insulation change, would affect the condition in there We ti;lve taken covrcctive action by inproving insulation and as Racco already meniioned, we changed the rc;dli;le so we c-an accept a highet. tenrpeiature, but what it w i l l really turn o ~ r tomorrow t rilorniny, we don't kuov~for suye. . �Question: One part of my question may.have been answered. You changed the redline. Was that the figure you gave, Rocco ,two degrees difference; and how much different.was it; was it the CDDT when this turned up? How many degrees was it past the redline value? Mr. Petrone: It was about four or five below---or hotter---with these temperatures we're working i n the negative. We were five degrees warmer than we wanted toebe and there was some variation between the engines, but about five degrees. Dr. Rudolph: That was the worst one. The others were better. Now here we can, we have done some improved insulating and I think it w i l l contribute to a better condition and also, we changed the redline. We give two degrees, so that we think w i l l get off i n the stock box, what we call it. The engines are very sensitive to temperatures and pressures and that should do the trick. Again, we are not sure. Question: I s this only on the S-ll? Dr .. Rudolph: That's only on the S-li Question: What i s getting too hot, the cryogznics or some of the metal? Mr. Petrone: The cryogenics. Tile cryogenics ur,der the head and under the pressures in effect get superheated and that!s what this increase i n temperature is. Question: This i s for Mr. Schneider. Last week Bob Moser told us that his people are anxious to get the 503 vehicle out on the pad within ten days, i f it has to be unmanned, and he'd like to have a decision from you within seven days whether it's going to be manned or unmanned. Could you give him one i n t!mt time? Mr. Schneider: Well, I'll hasten to state that tile decision i s not mine. (Laughter). . A l l 1 car1 say i s that ttls decision w i l l be made as soon as there i s an adequate analysis of the data, so that we can determine whether or not the mission satisfied all of our requirements. As a little aside, it's difficult sometimes at the completion of 2 mission to determice whether or not it is a completely si~ccessfulmission, because you've got to await analysis of all of the data. You can have what appeals to bc a pcrfect mission 2nd i f you had a telemetry t Iiave no clata frorn thc tcchrrical link go out or a niuliiplexer yo o ~and statidpoint, it's a cornpletz failiire . �Similarly, on the other hand, you can have one where things change considerably during the mission, such as what happened on Apollo 5, but you get a i l of the data that you've been really looking for in the flight. So it w i l l take some time to make tha: decision and we a l l know how everyone wants the decision as early as possible. So that's a l l I can say now. Question: To follow that up, i f you don't say have a decision within ten or twelve days but it s t i l l looks goad, would you hold up the rollout of the 503 to the pad? Mr. Schneider: I think we'd wait, that we'd hold that decision and make that wtien we see how good the data i s or how bad the data i s . W e ' l l maice that depending on how it looks. Quest ion: Regarding the engine, again. Did this affect a l l engines and secondly, at what point w i l l you know wtiether it has been solved? Mr. Petrone: It affected three of the five of the liquid oxygen feed ducts and one of the five of the liquid hydrogen. \fire w i l l not know we have solved it to proceed w i t h the mission ufitil 22 seconds before liftoff. Q~testion: F o r B i l l Schneider. B i l l , you said i t ' s possible a l l the pritnary mission objectives w i l l be acenmplishcd by insertion into otbit. What has to be accomplished by ii~sertioninto orbit to meet a l l of your primary objectives? M r . Schneider: Well, let me hasten to add thzt a l l of the primary objectives, as listed i n your press kit, do include an S-IV-43 restart and we w i l l be mightily disappointed and w i l l not consider the rilissiorl a complete success i f we do n ~ yct t that. What 1 am saying i s that, i f for some reason or ckher we do not get a restart, we may arid D hasten to say "may", we may have sufficient information to make a ptaper decision on whether or not th? Saiirun V i s ready for man rating. We w i i l not know that until long after- ihe f l i yht , because that would be as 2 result of catefli2 analysis of t f ~ data. ~: Question: I'd like to go back to the hzating problerri, just for a moment. 1"Y'hen the.. .This pvoblt.ri1 occurs, as I LII-iderstand i t , as thc cryogenics are being pumped into the tanks? . �Mr. Petrone: No. The problem actually is seen when we go into automatic sequence at three minutes and, I believe, seven seconds. We started pressurization activity. The cryogenics heat up under the pressures. These are the flight pressures that we're building up. Now what we have to do i s read, and we do this on every flight, we read the temperature at the inlet.to the engine. We establish a band width. Vie call it a redline and wd say we must be within. that band width or below that redline in order to function properly, and on the S-ll you're reading a value on the ground and actually the engine isn't going to ignite until some two and a half minutes, so what you're doing i s extrapolating a ground condition into what it will be two and a half minutes later, but you see your temperature rise, in your automatic sequence. It's the or11y time we can see it.. That's the reason Dr. Rudolph mentioned we've got to go through our terminal sequence. We'l l be reading these values and our tinies are down to minus.22 seconds. If we are within the redline, we would then proceed. I f we're not, we plan to cut off. Question: A t the time the fuel i s injected into the engine, i n which state is it? is it liquid and then it gasifies in the engine? Mr. Petrone: You gc through the injector as a liquid with your liquid oxygen. The difficulty comes at your pump i f you start to cavitate .or build up an air bubble there. The pump w i l l not work efficiently and therefore your mixing ratios are entirefy different than what you've planfied and you can get any mixi~igratio, which can lead, of 'course, to many consequences, whether it would go in the engine properly, or whether you would get too much fuel ancl not enough oxygen, but basically, what you do, is you're upsetting your ratio of fuel to oxidizer going into the engine. Dr. Rudolph: And you want to start fircl rich, not oxygen rich. Both are liquid. Question: For George Low. George, what's the status of the spacecraft for the 503 mission? Where is it and how soon can you bring it out to the VAB to stack it, assuming that the flight tomorrow i s a success? . hlr Low: Are you tal king about a spacecraft for an unmanned or a manned flight? Wel I, George, that would be comrnand modulc 103, whic11 i s about to go into clieckont i r l Dowt~eyanrl LM-3 which has bcer~in ctleckout at Bztilpagc f3r S O ~ ! Itirria. C~ tdeitl~evoite of tliese vehicles arz schsduled for dslivery t~eveuntil surnrr;crtin;e. �Question: I'm a little confused, then, on the basis of Howard Benedict's question and then the answer to this last one,, what i s the sweat about moving the next Saturn V out to the pad i f you don't have the command module and the lunar module for the manned flight here? Answer: Well, because of some of.thz interactions i n getting some of our work done out on our remote sites, some of the programs that must be put in. We have a situation where our missions are pressing one on the other. . . Answer: I believe we've got a boilerplate on 503 now, and i f tihe decision was made to f l y unmanned, and what we have planned and brought up to this point, we have on board a boilerplate spacecraft with a l l the weights and the simulations i n there and that's what v~ould fly. Question: And you'd want to gct that out i n a hurry i n order to make way f o i 504, which would then be ycur first manned flight? But.. Answer: That's our planning as o f today. We've broughl the 5 03 to tlie point of checkout, where it's near rollout within these ten days that Howard mention~d. Now v ~ e ' l llook at tlie results of 5 0 2 . before we make further decisioiis. We have brought it to the point where the boilerplate that would f l y for the eventuality that we have to launch it, we would not wait on another delivery of a spacecraft. I believe that was the question that was raised. Question: I n other words, i f you decided that you were going to have another.. i f you decided that your next flight was going to be the manned one, then you would not be in a hurry to get the Saturn V out of the ..... VAB? Answer: That's correct. Question: Two more brief qirestions on the temperature problem. Ro'cco, I'm s t i l l not sure whether one of tlie J-2 ellgines or two of then1 were not affected i n any way by this problem, and secondly, do you have any indication of villy they were not affected and the others were? Mr. 'Petrone: It turns out that the t h r w that were affected by l i q ~ i i doxygen,and two were not. The otie that was affected by liquid h'yduo5cn was, not affected by liquid oxygen. So vie !lad the cr?nter engine that VJC ran fickter on tile liquid hycluogzn that did not, t f ~ was t within . �the redline, on the liquid oxygen. So what you have i s a case of three engines where they're out of spec. on liquid oxygen and one engine out of spec. on liquid hydrogen, not the same engines. Question: Can you explain in anyway why the first engine did not have this problem on either side? Mr. Petrbnz: No Dr. Rudolph: No, the fifth engine had the problem on the hydrogen side, the center engine, the hydrogen side, and it has a longer feed duct. You see, the feed duct comcs down the side of the stage and then goes to the engines, and they are not all down on one side, but are distributed. Now theti, the lines are equally long for the four outer engines, but the center engine, being farther away, needs a longer f ~ e dline, so it i s therefore more sensitive to any temperature changes which might occur in that stretch of the line t o the center engine. Mr. Petrone: It's a frrtiction of geometry and heat distribution, as Dr. Rudolph mentioned. The flow in that interstage, the only time you see it is here at the launch site. The only time you have a first stage to sit on topof and therefore the fuel conditioi~syoit get. We have electror~lcsin there and actually v:t? nitlst pump warrn air in there. Now you get a series of factors so that you end up with a result: and therz's going to be same movemet;t of values, the inlet temperatures, and literally, one can only experiment with it here to see what the end result i s going to be. It cannot be done on a test site. Mr. Klng: We had two patient hands i n the front row and there's a third hand up now. Vde'll take these two questions 11t;vrt ,then we'll go to Houston for questions, therl we'il ccltrle back here far anybody who has questions. Go ahead. Question: Another question on this heat probier;!. If you go to F mint!s 22 seconds and havc to hold, w i i l that be a prolonged hof d or.. Mu. Petronz: We wiff not hold at T minus 22. At I"r n i n ~ ~22 s secofids, anybyhere after three minutes seven seconds, we w i l l revert back, we'i t go back to T minus 24 minutes. .*.. .... �Question: Is there some quick fix or do you have something in'mind that you can make a change .to get the temperature down again? Mr. Petrone:. By observing the particular trace of the temperature, we'll be watching the temperature on. the recorder and have it plotted. There are adjustments, such as inlet, temperatures of that interstage. That i s one adjustment we can make ., Dr. Rudolph: We also expect that we had during the CDDT, that on the second round as we call it, the situation had improved. It did. on the first attempt, or rather on the second attempt, during the CDDT, improve, Only one LOX side was out of the specs. or the .redline. Que.stion: I believe this i s for Dr. Rudolph. A t an earlier briefing, Bob Moser told us that i f vie go manned on 503., the S-11 stage w i l l go back. to Michoud for man rating and certain modifications. 1-le specifically nlentioned possible relocation or strenthening of the baffles, the LOX baffles which hzve given some troubleon 5 0 1 . Could you pinpoint this and explain a little b i t about it. Dr. Rudolph: Yes, you talk two different i s s ~ e sat the same time, so that we talk fir'st about a one where you mention the second stage, th3 S-11 would go back to the test site. That's correct. We would indicate that 503 would be manned, take the second stage, ship it'back to the Mississippi Test Facility znd make a cryogenic proof test, so that answers one question, I believe. The other one .is that during the 5 0 1 LOX loading in the .S-I!, we had damage of baffles and i n order to save time during the countdown and avoid crew fatigue we want to go to a fast f i l l on 503 manned. Now since we had this problem with the. baffle damage of 501, we have to do something to the baffles. Strengthen them for instance. Question: What? Specifically, how? Dr. Rudolph: Well, we, for instance, changed the baffles, which are shaped like a rhomboid and s i t down at the bottom of the LOX sun,p. We took the lower half off, so i n a way, LV.,~ took them out of ti12 stream of the incoming liquid oxygen. That helps, but we also have to stirdy the flow dynamics inside. It isn't all that simple. As I say it here, and again, you can only find that out by testing, not by anaf.ysis, by sitting down at your desk ancl trying in your mind to figure o.ut what the f ~ r c e sare. 'Any~lay,tvt? tilink we, by also niaking certain changes to the facility, Kocccr, understand the probler~i well eno:!gh that on 503, manned, we c2n fast load zgaln. �Mr. King: Thank you. We'll now switch to Houston. I understand both M r . Kraft and M r . Chaviescvorth have a statement. \lo ice : T h i s i s I-lauston. We have one logistical announcement to make f i r s t . The Houston News Center w i l l be open until ten p .me, Central time, this evening and reopen at fowr a.m., Central time, tomorrow morning. Next w e ' l l hear from M r . Kraft and M r . Charlesworth. �Mr. Kraft: I ivot~ldlike to point out that this is another ~~nmanned flight of a manned vehicle and therefore another complex job for the flight control and ground crew to accomplistl. There are a large number of things that we can and may have to do and it may be a difficult m i s s i o ~from l that p o i ~ of t view. The other point I would like to make i s that we have been making a large number of modifications to the whole network over the last two years and this flight i n itself i s sort of a dress rehearsal for our upcoming .first manned flight of the 101 Spacecraft. We have made a lot of changes, we've added a lot of equipment and we feel now that this flight w i l l he proof that all of that equipment i s ready to support our manned space flight program. About all 1 would like to add that we have completed our tralning to date with what I thirlk is good results a i d i t seems prepared to do whatever i s required to he done. I n terns of the facilities, our ground support facilities, computers, network, etc. ,are proceeding along normally with our part of the count to meet the pad's. We have no problems at this time, and based on past testing support and the CDDT we don't really expect any and we expect to be ready to Meet the pad launch in the morning and have a good flight. Okay, we are open now here in klouston for questiorrs, Assuming a lar~nchtomorrow morning, has anyone recalculated the apogee and perigee of the S-IVB, and how mzny degrees it wifi' miss the moon, and whether it wil! come hack to earth ? Mr. Kraft: Mr. Chaulesworth has. l t v e got a few nirrnbeus, 1 knew someone would ask. Assuming we launch on time, the best ififormation I have i s to expect the apogee of the S-IVS to be some 279 thousand 13autica.l miles. With a perigee, that i s wker; it comes back to the earth, of around 1700 m i l e s , with a period of some 16 clays. Now we don't expect it tc enter essentially the area of the moon's sphere of infiuence, i f we go on time. Nov~, i f you try to pin me down v1itl.1 launch delays or different days I can't t~onestfyanswer it becairse it i s a variable depending .on the time of the day you launch, location , day of the month, eir:. Question: What about i n reentering the atmosphere? LViII i t corrle back and dn that under ihe present plans. Mr. Kraft: The first time out i t d;oesnlt look like it will ,but the next time around i f we get into the spherz of the ~ O D ~ I ' Sit-rfiuence becatlse of the trajectory, i t could, It's probably a good probability that it w i l i come in. Any further questions Fiom I-louston here ? �Mr. King: Thank you. We'll continue the questions here as has been the practice and is the practice once again. Mr. Schneider passed oil a note t o me to remind me that he does have an airplane to catch. We w i l l continue this for a short while. Question: If we had t o put a dollar value on that beast out there from the top of the L E S down to the base of the model what would that figure be? Mr. Lodge:. We don't judge our program that way. It's kind of meaning!ess There are so, many things that you don't see that you pay for that there is no real way of coming up with what the dollar value i s of that. The do1lar value i s immense when you con sider the value to the United States. The value to the United States is incalculable. What it costs, I don't have any way of figurir~gout. Question: Rocco, how many times is it feasible to recycle back t o 24 minutes, Would you do it just one time or.. Mr. Petrorie: No. We have a multiple opportunity. We are looking for a rnaximum .of four.. That is going to depend upon many things. As far as gaseous hydrogen that we use to charge our bottles for the J-2 engine, we feel vde have 4 recycles that the time duration goes back t o T -24 does not mean'we w i l l go back and pick up and then yo in again. You have to loolc at data, look at the va,lues, lool<'at the occurenccs, the trends, temperatures and all, and wait for certain things to stabilize and then go i n again.. Right now we are hoping we have worked these values so that the First time tfirough, of course, is our best'gilkss. We will, based on what we see ar~dwhat we know happened Sunday be able to plot two points on the curve and make another extrapolation forward at the second attempt. Question: I am sure this w i l l be an easy one. How much damage from a monetary standpoint did this first Saturn V cost to the piid and how long did it take to fix it, and have you taken any steps to perhaps I~aveless damage this ti'me? Mr. Petrone: Yes. We have taken steps to hatie !ess damage. The items of the pad and launcher are sornewhai. sepamie. The launcher g2ts a l i t t l e more damage than the pad itself. \rVe would anticipate tl.~at,say for an average launch and what we found in 501, that we could have the pad in shape within 10 days to receive another launcher. The launcher itself is going to take longer in the neighborhood of thrcc weeks, and maybe Four. The monetary value we have not - - . . - ' - �collected as part of our refurbishment and maintenance, if you go into maintenafice items and refurbishment. However I must say that I was most pleased with the very limited damage on the 501 and I only hope it i s an indication of what we wil I continue to see i n the future. It was very, very minor in the larger picture. Question: Well, from a money standpoint, can you give us the ballpark. Was it under one hundred m i l lion? - It was more than $10. Somewhere along there must be faily close. Answeu: That's a pretty big broad spectrum you put out. Why don't we just use that? Question: You must be able to do better than that. No - let's say yes. It's between those two numbers. Question: Aviation Week i n the current issue says that if tomoru~w'sflight goes v~ell, there i s a good chance that tbe manned flight to the moon could go in the first half of 1969. Would you comment please? Mr. Low: There can be a lot of problems t o take yet between tomorrow's flight and the first fiight t:, the moon. Vde /lave to get manned flight i n Apallo in earth orbit and we have to do a number of earth orbital rendezvous flights on the Sziurn V, and then with the LM and the CSNI, f think it w i l l be a most difficuit'job to get the lunar landing by the end of 1969. 1 think we've got a very good chance of doing that. Question: Isense a certain ~'eiuctai~cc to talk about money. However, I have to press this question a little b i t to Mr. Schneider. In testimony before the sub-committee last fdair'ch 16, 1967, I believe it was, von Braun put a price tag, a fairly precise one of $205 million for a laut~chedSaturn V. Peopie at NASA tell me that that figure i s still kind of hanging and that's alright. Nr~wif von Braun can be as precise in 1967 when zsked by Congress about the price of a vehicle, why can't we be equally precise in 3-968 when aslced by the puess. I don't agree that this is just an editorial comment is pqssing it i s kind of meaningless to talk about the price of anything. Mr. Schneider: I am ;he mission clirectou - not the Senate director. As mission director I couldn't 'even tell rot! what u!lu bt~dgctis. I am not in that business. That's why i cannot answer that qtiestiot~. - �Question: Wel I , can anyone ? Answer: Nobody here at the table has the answer for you and we w i l l do our best to get it for you. We'll check. Question: For B i l l Schneider. Bill, just so I fairly accurately understand this point. If yoLi don't get a second stage burn of the S-IVB,have you met your primary mission objective? Can you man rate for 503 and start manned flights with 503? Mr. Schneider: The answer to the first one is no. We would not have met the primary mission objectives as stated in the document because they do include anS-IVB restart. The answer to the second question is it is perfectly coi~ceivablethat after analysis of the data we could 'find that the reason for restart failure had no implications on whether or not the vehicle was man-ratable. The first planned Saturn V mission does not currently include the manned restart of the S-IVB. - Question: For George Low. Why is the new hatch being flown aboard this spacecraft other than the fact i t was ready. Mr. Lovr: I guess you have almost answered your own question, Joe. We did at the time we made the decision on the nevi hatch know that we could not get it oil Spacecraft 017. LVe knew we c o ~ ~get l d it on Spacecraft 0 2 0 so we nloved it outand pit it on 0 20 t o get the best possible test of the hatch at the speeds, heat transfer rates, etc., but we have completed some very satisfactory ground tests. We have more to go and also we have seen the very low heating rate i n that area on Spacecraft 017 so that since that decision was made we have convinced ourselves that we don't need a flight test of this hatch for man rating pi.!rposes, Question: I have two short questions. The first one is what is the official lifting capacity of the Saturn V. Dr. Rudolph: Question: 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 pounds? Then this is an increase of 10,000 pounds i n about the last three or f o i i ~years is i t ? Dr. Rudolph: No. For the last 2 years, i f my nlernory serves pounds. rile right., 98,000 �Question: Second question. The S-IVB trajectory, and I siippose this might go to Mr. Charlesworth in Houston. I believe this is one of the few and possibly the only circ~imlunartrajectory that we have flown. Possibly there has been one, or maybe a scientific experiment has flown this way. As I understand it, this is an orbit that goes around both the Earth and the Moon - is it not - am I wrong about that? I see Mr. Schneider shaking his head. Weii, I can just add this. Is this the kind of trajectory that one would f l y i f one were flying men around the moon? Answer: In terms of energy imparted to the trajectory, yes. In terms of the actual taigeting , no. LVe are essentially shooting for a fictitioirs moon, so to,speal<. lye do not expect tcmorrovi for this trajectory to go around both the Earth and the Moon. We do not expect it to enter into the sphere of influence of the PJoon. Question: I'm a i i t t l e b i t confused about this S-IVB. We were told by Mr. Charleswouth that we had a 279,000 nautical mile apogee and a 1,700 nautical mile perigee. That is frain the Moon, is that right, or frorn the Earth? You just told Diet< Le\.vis it did not go aroilt?d both of them. W i l l somebody please maybe use a blackhoard and tell us what it is going to do. Mr. Charlesworth: i t goes out t o lunar distances, but it does not go around the Moon itself. Mr. Schneider: It is a high!y elliptical orbit that at its closest point ccmes within I! ,700 rriiles of the Eatth and at its furthest ciistance goes t o 279,060 miles f(om the Earth. Quest 'Ion: Wl~atis the lifetime? Answer: The period i s 26 days. Mr. Charlesworth: The period for this orbit, this I?igltly elliptical orbit, i s 16 days. When i t comes bzck through 2nd starts up, depending on where the Moon is, we will prciiabfy get some pertirrbatioix, it is difficult to predict-- 1 can't predict--wf~at ~ j i fl i,appen on the next pzss. It niay very li!ceiy rc"c1r.n is Earih. Let me p ~ i n out t that fcr the f i g ~ ~ r eused s fcr the S--IVB that i f you a:c o f f only a few feet per second or several ierlths af a cie<jr.cc it is going to have a Irernzncloils effect on the apctgee and perigee relative to the Earth. So yo\i shouldn't take t i i ~ f i nt l l i i i ~ k ? ! ' ~2 s gospel. �Question: i just want t o reiterate this point since it was raised again. As I understood, the ascent part, the orbit of the S-IVB would go around the Moon and then on its return would go around the Earth and then go back up to the Moon. Answer: Why don't t draw you a picture after we're done here. Question: One more time on the J-2's. Bid you detect this problem i n the CDDT? And also in some way you detected it today. I'm confused on that. Answer: Just on the C D D I ; Sort of been living with it ever since. Dr. Rudolph: Yes. Discussing it, analyzing it, looking at what shifts we should make. But in order to detect it, you have to have cryogenic support and go through your terminal sequence. Question: The fuel flow has to stail before you detect i t ? Dr. Rudolph: You don't have to start fuel flow. No, you've got static conditions of the fuel i n the pump. You've got a valve downstream of that pump. When you are measuring your temgeuature and pressure, geometry-wise just above the entrance to the engine itself. You do not measure the flow. We get the flow at ignitior~on the first stage. On the second stage there would not be flow until you start, actualiy 2-1/2 minutes into the mission. - Question: Mr. Schneider, if for some reason you are unable to mail rate this vehicle tomorrow, how firm are your plans to go t o a dua! laurrch concept using the Saturn IB after the 205 flight? Mr. Schneider: We have that i n our plans and we w i l l retain it in our plans. However, i f we do not have a satisfactcry Flight on t.l~isone, the 502 flight, our current plans are to go out with 503 boiler plates. Mow i f we do that. and that is a successful flight then it is conceiveable that we would go to the Saturn V matlned launch on the 504 and not clo a dual launch, but we w i l l retain that capability until some later date. Question: Jack., any pilots i n training and i f so how maily and w i l l they be watching it tomorrow. , Mr. King: We are supposed to be getting a list, George, of which astronauts w i l l be here for the launch. 1111 check on that as soon as this i s over and wllatevcr information we have we w i l l be glad to pass i t on. 1 certainly expect ve; wilt habe it by tonio;:roa rnorillng. �Question: i would like to ask one question. What are the reasons, a l l the reasons for the S-IVB shooting for this fictitious moon target? Dr. Rudolph: You would exeiScisethe antennas on the stage and find out whether you can communicate. That is, whether you can receive signals or can send signals up and have them bounce back, There i s certainly one very significant advantage and y.ou would also find out whether you achieved your velocities you are looking for. I would like to add something so that there is no misconception. The S-IVB has a guaranteed l i f e of about six hours, but we hope that w i l l go on ,to about 1 0 or I 1 hours. As you hcard earlier, this has a 15-day period, so we would only be able to get actual signals back from the S-lVB for those first 1 0 hours - not out at lunar distances. Question: I woilld like to pursue Mr. Lewis' questiori further. You said that the Saturn V is now rated to lift 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 pounds. The present weight, the payload for tornorrow, comes to just under 94,000 pounds, according to the press information. However, this is only a 6 , 0 0 0 pound lunar test a r t i ~ l e . The real load, as I understand it, w i l l be about 3 2 , 0 0 0 , maybe Inore, If we add this 6 , 0 0 0 we w i l l just barely make it w i t h 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 pounds of payload in a vehicle capable of l i f t i n g 9 0 0 , 0 0 0 pounds. Very marginal. Maybe Mr. LOW would l i k e to answer. Mr. Low: True. We do have a weiglit problem in Apollo. Comrnand Service modules and the lunar moduie are esscniialfy at the limit of w c i g i ~ t that we can fly. Vlle have the s i l ~ ~ a t i under o i ~ control, the cornmand/service modules ren~ainec!steady ellough though a t t h e i r current weight for the last 4 or 5 m o t 2 t i ~ . I am talking about the comrnand/scrvice module from the Block 2 vellicle that w i l l be on the lur;ar rrrissioii. P,nd we s t i l l hzve som? margirl left. Thc situation on the lunar module is sotneavhat tighter since we made the post-accident changes s o ~ ~ ~ e wlater h a l and we did riot get tila weights on the control as q ~ i i c k l y , b u t they loo are leveling off now aud with very tight weight coi~ivoiand sorrle possible weight recfuction I am confident we are going to niako it, but v,e esscrltialiy arc at the lirnit. Mr. King: I am afraid we are going to have to terinlnatc the conference now. Thai~!<yorl very inuch. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000074 Title A name given to the resource "Apollo 6 Pre-Launch Press Conference." Description An account of the resource The press conference was given at Cape Royal News Center in Cocoa Beach, Florida, on Wednesday, April 3, 1968, at 3:30 PM. Participants: William C. Schneider, Apollo Mission Director, NASA; George M. Low, Apollo Spacecraft Manager, NASA; Clifford Charlesworth, Apollo 6 Flight Director, Manned Spacecraft Center, NASA; Dr. Arthur Rudolph, Saturn V Program Office, Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA; Rocco A. Petrone, Apollo 6 Launch Director, Kennedy Space Center, NASA; Col. Royce Olson, USAF, Director DOD Manned Spaceflight Support Office, Patrick AFB; Chris Kraft, Director of Flight Operations, Manned Spacecraft Center. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-04-03 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Apollo 6 flight Apollo spacecraft John F. Kennedy Space Center Project Apollo (U.S.) Saturn launch vehicles Saturn Project (U.S.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Press releases Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 26, Folder 19 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000051_000074 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1262/spc_stnv_000119.pdf 374a312919d60522d6a137389f89f4a6 PDF Text Text DOUGLAS PAPER NO. 4054 SATURN UISTORY DOCUMENT University of Alabema Research lnstitclte History of Science & Technology Grout, -.rm3p"4"&$IT. Date --,-,Doc. ,, No. ,, -----,em ASSURANCE AND MEASUREMENT OF SPACE VEHICLE ALIGNMENT PREPAREDSY A.W. DRYDEN QUALITY ENGINEER Q U A L I T Y E N G I N E E R I N G . R E L I A B I L I T Y ASSURANCE SPACE SYSTEMS C E N T E R DOUGLAS A I R C q A F T COMPANY. I N C . HUNTINGTON BEACH. CALIFORNIA PRESENTED T O Z l S T ANNUAL T E C H N I C A L C O N F E R E N C E F O R T H E AMERICAN S O C I E T Y FOR QUALITY CONTROL CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 30 MAY T O 2 J U N E 1987 �ASSURANCE AND MEASUREMENT O F SPACE VEHICLE ALIGNMENT A. W. Dryden, Quality Engineer Reliability A s s u r a n c e Douglas A i r c r a f t Company, Inc. Space S y s t e m s Center Huntington Beach, California INTRODU CTION T h i s p a p e r d i s c u s s e s the techniques implemented a t the Douglas A i r c r a f t Company, Inc., M i s s i l e and Space Systems Division (MSSD), to m e a s u r e and e n s u r e t h a t alignment of s p a c e vehicles conforms to design r e q u i r e m e n t s . The intent of the p a p e r i s to d i s s e m i n a t e useful specialized information and knowledge to enable those i n t e r e s t e d to keep a b r e a s t of technical advances. Equipment and methods u s e d to align l a r g e s p a c e vehicles a r e i l l u s t r a t e d . Combinations of s t a n d a r d c o m m e r c i a l tools, optical i n s t r u m e n t s , s p e c i a l l y designed tools, f i x t u r e s , and equipment a r e employed to prove vehicle alignment. Special techniques developed to align l a r g e cylindrical, s p h e r i c a l , and c o n i c a l s t r u c t u r e s f o r rotational displacement, relationship of t r u e c e n t e r l i n e , and engine geometry to vehicle a x i s a r e discussed. Considera- tion is given to f u t u r e alignment p r o b l e m s c r e a t e d by technological advances and quality c o n t r o l s to e n s u r e hieh s t a n d a r d s that m e e t t o m o r r o w ' s requirements. SPACE VEHICLE ALIGNMENT- -ASSURANCE AND MEASUREMENT Alignment i s the adjustment of a component' o r the interfacing of a s u b a s s e m bly and m a j o r s t r u c t u r e to a p r e d e t e r m i n e d line, point, o r basic r e f e r e n c e system. Alignment r e q u i r e m e n t s m u s t be imposed upon c o n t r a c t o r s to e n s u r e uniformity of product. A c c u r a t e alignment d a t a a r e of g r e a t value in d e t e r - mining v a r i o u s design p a r a m e t e r s . �Contractual Requirements In the space program, numerous c o n t r a c t o r s participate jointly in the design and fabrication efforts to produce multistage boosters and space vehicles. To m e e t the demands f o r g r e a t e r dimensional accuracy and interface and interchangeability r e q u i r e m e n t s , the contractors must adhere s t r i c t l y to a rigid s y s t e m of measurement. Contractual alignment requirements provide the c u s t o m e r with objectives that e n s u r e that s t r u c t u r a l components achieve acceptable and compatible s t r u c t u r a l integrity. Data f o r Product Evaluation Accurate alignment data a r e extremely important since they enable the engineer to evaluate the effects of allowable s t r u c t u r a l and control misalignments. Data furnish the b a s i s f o r the analysis of permissible and expected dimensional tolerances, load distribution, load limits, and s t r u c t u r a l adequacy. Types of Structures Aligned I t i s interesting to note the various configurations involved in alignment, Figure 1 i l l u s t r a t e s the t h r e e types of s t r u c t u r e s that a r e of p r i m a r y concern: cylinders, partial s p h e r e s , and cones. The basic cylinder section i s conStructed of aluminum alloy segments. The i n t e r i o r of the segments a r e milled to a waffle -like pattern, then formed to contour. The s e g m e n t s a r e progressively joined by welding until the cylinder i s complete Figure 1. Saturn IBIS-IVB Location of Major Components (Reference 1). �"Orange peel" segments of partial spheres o r domes a r e formed to a spherical radius, then mounted in special fixtures and welded progressively to completion. The thrust structure i s an example of a conical component. The assembly consists of attach angles and stringers riveted to aluminum skins and joined - to the engine mount casting. ALIGNMENT METHODS The size of large components and their relationship to required accuracies generate numerous problems in the a r e a s of alignment and measurement. To meet these complicated and challenging problems, i t i s necessary to develop mechanical and optical techniques f a r more sophisticated than those applied to normal a i r c r a f t methods (Reference 2). Specially designed tools a r e fabricated to assemble huge components to exacting tolerances. emphasizes precision and simplicity. The design A tool-proving cycle i s performed thoroughly to guard against the p r e s s u r e s of tight manufacturing schedules and l o s s of dimensional integrity (Reference 3 ) . Proven success in the performance of the tools i s necessary to ensure accurate results in the alignment process. Tooling a s an Inspection Medium Use of tooling a s a medium of inspection permits g r e a t e r flexibility, f a s t e r set-up time, and e a s i e r verification of control points. Liaison between quality engineering and manufacturing engineering in the tool design and fabrication phase enables implementation o f inspection media. Desirable features a r e a s follows: 1. Rotation capability that provides a means for turning the vehicle to perform inspections during manufacturing. 2. Floor target reference points which establish a basic reference plane independent of that of the assembly tool, thus enabling detection of any change o r misalignment in the assembly tool by comparison of the reference systems. �3. Interfacing planes accurately machined to within 0.0 10 in. to e n s u r e control of p a r a l l e l i s m while l a r g e vehicle components a r e being a s s e mbled. 4. Mastered hole patterns and index points f o r control of interchangeability requirements of l a r g e geometries. Index points furnish positive component location and protect against rotational misalignment. Dial Indicators--Dial indicators a r e fine precision instruments which have a number of applications and a r e capable of reaching virtually i n a c c e s s i b l e areas. Fabrication of indicator attach points a s p a r t of the a s s e m b l y tool facilities i n - p r o c e s s checking and inspection. Inspections combining rotation and u s e of indicators a r e performed to (1) verify horizontal datum plane runout and to (2) obtain concentricity and centroidal data to verify compliance with engineering requirements. Optical Instruments --The u s e of optical i n s t r u m e n t s and optical tooling has rapidly become e s t a b lished a s the only a c c u r a t e method of performing m e a s u r e m e n t s o n objects which a r e too l a r g e to p e r m i t u s e of s u r f a c e plates o r s i m i l a r fixed machined s u r f a c e s a s a b a s i s f o r mechanical measurements. F i g u r e 2 i l l u s t r a t e s the u s e of optic a l equipment and tooling to verify vehicle alignment (Reference 4). Jig T r a n s i t s -- The jig t r a n s i t e s t a b l i s h e s a v e r t i c a l plane, in any location desired, between two e s t a b lished points a n d / o r p r e c i s e l y a t right angles to any o t h e r line Figure 2. Verifying Alignment with Optical Equipment and Tooling sight. of^ I I �P r e c i s i o n Sight L e v e l s - - P r e c i s i o n sight levels establish a horizontal plane at any d e s i r e d height. Microptic Clinometer- -The precision microptic clinometer, an i n s t r u m e n t capable of measuring minutes of a r c , is used to m e a s u r e angular displacements with consistent a c c u r a c i e s of 10 s e c of arc. Values can be r e a d directly. ALIGNMENT POSITIONS It i s important to consider alignment position. A simple approach i s m o r e often the c o r r e c t and m o s t economically feasible. Experienced judgment m u s t be e x e r c i s e d in a g r e a t number of instances. Horizontal Alignment Horizontal alignment, though d e s i r a b l e i n many r e s p e c t s , has limitations which m u s t be considered: 1. The vehicle configuration must be complete. 2. In the horizontal position, loads a r e shifted and in many i n s t a n c e s s t r e s s e s a r e c r e a t e d , making it difficult to obtain a c c u r a t e data. 3. Additional tooling f o r supporting and handling the vehicle is often required. 4. F o r c e d implementation of nonscheduled manufacturing flow and outof-position techniques a r e utilized. Vertical Alignment Vehicle v e r t i c a l alignment through the c e n t r a l axis m u s t be accomplished during the manufacturing phases. The following significant f a c t o r s favor adoption of v e r t i c a l alignment techniques : 1. L a r g e s t r u c t u r e s and subassemblies a r e joined with the vehicle i n a n o r m a l flight attitude. 2. Tools designed to join the a s s e m b l i e s provide an inspection medium, 3. Alignment verification is compatible with the manufacturing schedule. �The c r i t i c a l alignment requirements f o r achieving v e r t i c a l alignments a r e established by measuring the following: 1. Rotational alignment. 2. T r u e centerline location. 3. Relationship of engine geometry to vehicle. Rotational Alignment--Figure 3 i l l u s t r a t e s the method established to verify displacement of assembled components. Marks, precisely punched upon the attach-angle s u r f a c e of the subassemblies during fabrication, f o r m the component position axis. Optical tooling establishes a network of invisible lines of sight which c a n be arranged, r e a r r a n g e d , and adjusted i n a variety of sequences a s p r i m a r y and secondary lines of sight. Using these lines, inspectors can adjust and prove dimensional relations, angularity, squareness symmetry, and perpendicularity of l a r g e assemblies that r e q u i r e accurate alignment. F i g u r e 2 i l l u s t r a t e s the floor r e f e r ence t a r g e t s which f o r m the b a s i c datum points for the position axis. A jig t r a n s i t i s adjusted to e s t a b l i s h a line on the floor r e f e r e n c e target. The assembly jig can be rotated to OUWUL 1AllKn m PHI sn room . c r w LT a m - RwHtiQararl coincide with the line of sight of the jig transit. mn ,.)14110 allow the position points of the jig to . The jig t r a n s i t i s a r c e d to observe attach-angle punch mark. Adjusting the optical m i c r o m e t e r attached to the t r a n s i t objective l e n s r n ~ w u u u i r l a m nacla r r r w r n m p e r m i t s displacement observations to be measured and recordec' T r u e Centerline Location- -Analysis Figure 3. Verifying Displacement of Assembled.Components of recorded displacement data provides' the nieans f o r determining �location of t r u e centerline and implication of m e a s u r e m e n t e r r o r . Relationship of Enqine Geometry to Vehicle- - A single-engine configuration i s shown i n F i g u r e 4. Relation- ship of engine to vehicle i s verified with a special alignment fixture positioned on the engine exit plane and indexed in tooling holes located in the engine exit flange. Two clinometers positioned on the machined surface block in the c e n t e r of the fixture a r e adjusted to p e r m i t center-level bubbles to r e a d tUT RUf MLIMlUWLt M J U l l t O tUT R u t UUmAIIO ffiLE - W i l T E i r t x t l R u t IClIUl10. ffiU - r o r ~ ~ r c t r ~ c v iia-1 ua 6 to the n e a r e s t 1/10 min. E S W I N ~ 111- mim I Figure 4. Single-Engine Configuration Clinometer angles and directions f o r position planes a r e recorded. The "adjusted" exit plane inclination angle i s computed to the vehicle horizontal datum plane. Data recorded m u s t be accurately established i n o r d e r to be useful and meaningful. F i g u r e 5 i l l u s t r a t e s a vehicle with a 6-engine cluster. Manufacturing techniques implemented to i n s t a l l the engines made i t n e c e s s a r y to verify engine alignment by horizont a l methods. Figure 5. Vehicle with Six-Engine Cluster �FUTURE ALIGNMENT PROBLEMS F u t u r e aerospace business will involve building, testing, firing, recovering, and refurbishing large payload boosters. Large crews on manned space vehicles and longer missions can be expected. Vehicle dimensional tolerances and s u r f a c e smoothness requirements probably will not exceed c u r r e n t tolerances. Other tolerances may be more critical because of the need f o r high- performance structures, space limitations, and operating-temperature range. Size alone often will c r e a t e problems. New materials and requirements for e x t r e m e reliability will necessitate development of highly refined manufacturing techniques and new skills. Continued development of inspection c r i t e r i a and quality control methods i s n e c e s s a r y to keep pace with advancements of the space age. �REFERENCES 1. A. J. Munson. Welding Huge Components of Saturn Space Vehicles-Manufacturing Steps in P r e p a r a t i o n f o r the Shot to the Moon. Machinery, Vol. 70, No. 2, October 1963. 2. A. W.- Dryden. Stage Alignment P r o c e d u r e s Saturn S-IVB Stage. Douglas R e p o r t No. SM-46843, April 1965. 3, J. Madsen. Manufacturing Control f o r Advanced Vehicles. P a p e r No. 1647, 24 September 1963. 4. John D. McGrae. Optical Tooling in Industry. C h r y s l e r Corporation, 1964, Douglas M i s s i l e Division, � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000119 Title A name given to the resource "Assurance and Measurement of Space Vehicle Alignment." Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Douglas Paper No. 4054 Description An account of the resource Prepared by A. W. Dryden, Quality Engineer, Quality Engineering, Reliability Assurance, Space Systems Center, Douglas Aircraft Company, Inc., Huntington Beach, California. Presented to the 21st Annual Technical Conference for the American Society for Quality Control, Chicago, Illinois. 30 May to 2 June 1967. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dryden, A. W. Douglas Aircraft Company. Missile and Space Systems Division Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-06-02 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Alignment Contracts Government contractors--United States Saturn launch vehicles Saturn Project (U.S.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Reports Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 23, Folder 2 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000119_000149 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/17692 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1263/spc_stnv_000120.pdf 2b01a3e3048aa7a2bf80e66c5e0d0a4f PDF Text Text 4'btSjL - "!$,\ &. .* isbJ,?&/";, ; p: OFsCje . '7 C-NT DRAFT &b. N O T F O R R E L E A S E A S T R O N A U T I C S A N D -.--. -- 0*.40. ".cL''" -.-c *. A E R O N A U T I C S OCTOBER 1968 A CHRONOLOGY ON SCIFNCE, TECHNOLOGY, AWD POLICY (m-23) Text Drafted by Science and Tecnnoiogy Division Library of Congress NASA ~istoricalDivision (EH) Office of Policy National Aeronautics and Space Administ$at ion Washington, D. C. 20546 c. , 'echo;, / Q : ,. . �O C T O B E R 1 9 6 8 �October 1: NASA 1 0 t h Anniversary: National Space Club presented s p e c i a l award t o President Johnson a t White House c i t i n g h i s l e g i s l a t i v e and executive l e a d e r s h i p of n a t i o n a l space program and gave commemorative A t dinner Sen. Clinton P. Anderson (D-N.M~x.) dinner i n Washington, D.C. and Rep. George P. M i l l e r ( D - c a l i f . ) presented r e t i r i n g NASA Administ r a t o r James E. Webb award f o r h i s out standing contributions t o n a t i o n a l space e f f o r t . I n telegram t r i b u t e t o Webb, President Johnson s a i d , "The Nation i s i n h i s debt. He w i l l be deeply missed but g r a t e r u l l y remembered a s h i s dreams continue t o become r e a l i t y i n t h e years ahead. " Telegram from Vice President Hubert Humphrey s a i d , "The span of achievement which measures a decade of space progress i s one which should be a source of p r i d e t o a l l of us. Now a new decade beckons, w i t h new challenges, and new opportunities. And, such i s t h e nature o f t h e space age t h a t we dare not become complacent about our r a t e of progress o r t h e scope of our p a s t accomplishments. It i s unthinka b l e thab we would allow ourselves t o be surpassed i n technology by any o t h e r nation. I have never questioned t h a t space endeavors have contributed s i g n i f i c a n t l y t o t h e strengthening and enrichment o f our whole s o c i e t y , through a teamwork approach by p r i v a t e i n d u s t r y , our u n i v e r s i t i e s , and t h e Federal Government. By means of t h i s program we have v i t a l i z e d our economy, developed improved methods of management, stimulated our educational system, produced new goods and s e r v i c e s , added t o our s t o r e of s c i e n t i f i c knowledge, and b u t t r e s s e d our n a t i o n a l s e c u r i t y . " Telegram from Republican P r e s i d e n t i a l candidate Richard M. Nixon s a i d , "The space program must continue t o be one of our n a t i o n a l imperatives, and it must be supported a t a l e v e l a s s u r i n g e f f i c i e n t and steady progress." Anniversary ceremonies included open house and annual awards (NSC p r e s e n t a t i o n a t - ~ a r s h a l Space l F l i g h t Center Sept 28-29. Newsletter; Texts ; Marshall S t a r , 9/25/68, 4 ) . During i t s f i r s t 1 0 yr NASA had completed 234 major U. S. and i n t e r n a t i o n a l launches p l u s thousands of sounding rocket launches. O f t h e s e 234, 189 were launch vehicle successes and 174, spacecraft o r mission successes, with two missions s t i l l under evaluation. For t h e s e launches NASA had developed rockets ranging from 88,000-lb t h r u s t t o Saturn V with 7.5-million-lb t h r u s t capable of sending n e a r l y 100,000-lb payload t o moon. F i r s t phase of manned f l i g h t program, P r o j e c t Mercury, had begun seven days a f t e r NASA was e s t a b l i s h e d . Six manned Mercury f l i g h t s had proved man could go i n t o space and f u n c t i o n a s pilot-engineer-experimenter f o r up t o 34 h r weightless f l i g h t before r e t u r n i n g t o e a r t h . Gemini program announced i n 1961 had demonstrated work could be performed i n o r b i t out s i d e s p a c e c r a f t i n more t h a n 1 2 h r extravehicular a c t i v i t y . �October 1 (continued) Gemini included 5 2 experiments, among them 17 s c i e n t i f i c - - i n astronomy, biology, geology, meteorology, and physics. Seven rendezvous techniques and nine dockings had been accomplished during Gemini. More t h a n 2,000 hr manned s p a c e f l i g h t experience gained through Mercury and Gemini had contributed heavily t o Apollo, including 16 f l i g h t s of unmanned Saturn launch v e h i c l e which had confirmed Apollo engineering concepts and q u a l i f i e d a l l systems f o r manned missions. Although Apollo f i r e on Jan. 27, 1967, had delayed manned missions, it had r e s u l t e d i n s a f e r s p a c e c r a f t and improved s u i t s f o r astronauts. Ahead were two manned missions f o r 1968; possibly f i v e f o r 1969, culminating i n landing of U. S. a s t r o n a u t s on moon. F a c i l i t i e s a t NASA i n s t a l l a t i o n s i n U. S. were worth more t h a n $2.5 b i l l i o n and peak 35,000 s t a f f included some of Nation's t o p s c i e n t i s t s . I n d u s t r i a l work f o r c e had peaked a t 400,000 and was dropping t o 200,000. NASA had e s t a b l i s h e d g l o b a l t r a c k i n g network capable of communicating with v e h i c l e s a s f a r away a s f a r s i d e of sun. I t s aeronautics program conducted R&D on noise abatement, f l i g h t s a f e t y , supersonic and hypersonic a i r c r a f t , l i f t ing-body v e h i c l e s , and V/STOL a i r c r a f t . NASA ' s t e c h n o l o g i c a l advances included development of new e l e c t r o n i c p a r t s , alloys,adhesives, l u b r i c a n t s , valves, and pumps, a s well a s progress i n minaturizat ion. More t h a n 2,500 t e c h n i c a l innovat ions applicable i n i n d u s t r y , medicine, and o t h e r nonaerospace a c t i v i t i e s had r e s u l t e d from 10 y r of NASA progress. I n C h r i s t i a n Science Monitor, Neal Stanford s a i d , "It i s . . . s c i e n c e s a t e l l i t e s and t h e new technology developed t h a t a r e counted on t o r e t u r n t o t h e tax-paying p u b l i c t h e dividends t h a t some say w i l l make space t h e b e s t investment man ever made. " ( ~ a r s h a l l S t a r , 9/25/68, 5; Wilford, NYT, 10/1/68; CSM, 10/5/68) - I n Washington Sunday S t a r s p e c i a l r e p o r t , "A Decade i n Space," John Lannan commented on NASA's 1 0 t h anniversary: " . . . t h e mace agency's r e a l promise f o r improving t h e general welfare of mankind a s s e t f o r t h i n t h e Space Act which brought it i n t o being has apparently been t o o slow i n being f u l f i l l e d . The f a c t t h a t t h e space investment i s only now s t a r t i n g t o pay o f f , and a t an increasi n g l y r a p i d pace, i s going unnoticed i n t h e g l a r e of present problems, p a s t mishaps and t h e imminence of t h e Apollo venture. Where NASA' s r e a l g o a l s l i e a r e i n t h e f u t u r e - - t h e near f u t u r e and t h e near e a r t h . Spin-off, t h e s e r e n d i p i t y of technology, has long been used a s a j u s t i f i c a t i o n f o r t h e v a s t sums poured i n t o space, but l i t t l e beyond Teflon-coated f r y i n g pans have impinged on t h e tax-payer's mind." (W7-S t a r 9/29/68, Al) A �October 1 (continued) I n Space Digest a r t i c l e , Gen. James Ferguson, Commander of A i r Force Systems Command, described "A Decade of Cooperation--The M i l i t a r y NASA I n t e r f a c e . " MSCts FY 1969 "NASA support expenditures amounted t o m i l l i o n s of d o l l a r s and thousands of man-years i n e f f o r t . The sums of money, and, more important, t h e human technological resources we a r e c u r r e n t l y expending on t h e n a t i o n ' s space programs a r e of g r e a t consequence s i n c e t h e y a r e t h e foundations of our f u t u r e b e n e f i t s . we a r e a c u t e l y aware t h a t t h e f a t e of f u t u r e generations l i e s i n space. . .It i s a sad commentary t o s t a t e t h a t technology has provi.d.ed u s with t h e means t o conduct wars. But it i s heartening t o r e a l i z e t h a t one day technology w i l l provide us with t h e means t o prevent wars. (space Digest, 10/68, 71-3) ... NASA A s s i s t a n t Administrator f o r DOD and Interagency A f f a i r s marks Jacob E. Smart wrote i n Space Digest, "The t e n t h anniversary t h e end of a decade of concerted e f f o r t across a broad f r o n t t o advance t h e n a t i o n ' s c a p a b i l i t i e s i n aeronautics and space. It has been a decade of accomplishment t h a t has few peers i n t h i s country's history. . t h e good working r e l a t i o n s h i p s . .between NASA and DOD have been of immeasurable b e n e f i t t o them both, and t h e n a t i o n ' s space e f f o r t i s t h e stronger f o r it. with t h e prospect of t i g h t e r budgets l i k e l y , t h e maintenance of such relationships--and t h e i r The need t o s t r e t c h improvement--assumes an increasing importan*. t h e appropriations d o l l a r s t o t h e maximum may be p a r t l y met by f r e s h e f f o r t s t o f i n d common ground where cooperation w i l l produce economies a s w e l l a s mutual b e n e f i t s . " 10168, 68-70) ... .. . ... pace, . Dr. Finn J. Larsen, Deputy Director of Defense Research and Engineering, DOD, t e s t i f i e d before House Committee on Science and Astronautics' Subcommittee on Advanced Research and Technology: " I f our c i v i l a v i a t i o n i s t o continue i t s dramatic progress, t h e g r e a t e s t s i n g l e requirement i s t o accomplish complete system engineering. The . . . p l a m i n g must consider not only t h e a i r c r a f t i n f l i g h t a s a system, but a l s o t h e e n t i r e problem of moving people from d e s t i n a t i o n t o d e s t i n a t i o n u - - c a l l i n g f o r "planning and resources on a considerably l a r g e r s c a l e t h a n a r e now a v a i l a b l e . " NASA's r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r U.S. a e r o n a u t i c a l research "should continue." DOD had used NASA research, augmenting it f o r defense a s necessary, with "excellent coordination f o r many years. " M i l i t a r y F&D was s p e c i a l i z e d , but much was t r a n s f e r a b l e t o c i v i l a v i a t i o n . Long-term goals of smokeless combustors and s i l e n t a i r c r a f t would be of mutual b e n e f i t . SAGE a i r defense computer system had contributed t o FAA r a d a r beacon system and new n a t i o n a l standards. Much improved ... �October 1 (continued) a l t i m e t r y reporting came from DOD development f o r high-performance j e t a i r c r a f t . Common d i g i t i z e r was joint DOD-FAA p r o j e c t , a s was TPX-42 a i r p o r t t r a f f i c control f a c i l i t y . Some 30 p r o j e c t s f o r all-weather landing and 20 navigational programs had been sponsored i n recent years. Eleven a i r c r a f t c a r r i e r s had p i l o t "hands-off" c a p a b i l i t y f o r blind landing. Microwave scanning-beam landing systems were i n t e s t ing. Collison avoidance, V/STOL, and cargo-handling R&D had c i v i l application. ( ~ e x) t , . Dr. Frank D. Drake, Director of Cornell Univ.'s Arecibo Ionospheric Observatory i n Puerto Rico, said he had detected f i r s t d i s t i n c t p a t t e r n t o radio signals from two pulsars. He t o l d radioastronomy seminar a t National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Green Bank, W. Va., t h a t pulse r a t e could be explained only i f source were s t a r of extraordinary density spinning a t incredible speed- - such as neutron s t a r . I f c o r r e c t , findings would be f i r s t s c i e n t i f i c proof t h a t hypothetical neutron s t a r s a c t u a l l y existed. (wilford, NYT, 10/2/68; Lannan, W -S 9 tar 10/2/68, ~ 2 0 ) - . MIT physicist and radioastronomer D r . Bernard Burke and teams of scient i s t s using 140-ft "Big Dish" antenna a t National Radio Astronomy Observatory began f i r s t radioastronomy t e s t of Einstein's general theory of r e l a t i v i t y i n attempt t o discover g r a v i t y ' s e f f e c t on universe. Among t h r e e basic t e s t s proposed by Einstein t o t e s t h i s theory t o account f o r action of a l l bodies under g r a v i t a t i o n a l force was one t o measure bending of l i g h t from d i s t a n t source as it passed an energetic body l i k e t h e sun. D r . Burke's experiment, one of t h r e e recent t e s t s , measured signals from newly discovered quasars t o determine amount of bending they underwent i n passing t h e sun. I f l i g h t , i n form of quasar radiowaves, was bent, Einstein theory would receive added support; i f it was not bent a s much a s he predicted, o r i f astronomers were unable t o detect s i g n i f i c a n t bending, theory (NRAO Proj would remain i n t a c t u n t i l f u r t h e r proof was provided. Off; Lannan, W S t a r , 10/1/68, ~ 9 ) - . Mcost-plus-fixed-fee SFC announced it had selected RCA f o r negotiation of $5.1-million contract f o r l o g i s t i c s and engineering support f o r Saturn ground computer systems and associated equipment. Contract would cover Oct. 1, 1968, through June 30, 1970. (MSFC Release 68-231) . President Johnson announced resignation of Leonard H. Marks a s Director o f U. S. Information Agency i n time t o head U. S. delegation t o negotiate permanent arrangements f o r INTELSAT a t February 1969 conference i n Washington, D. C. (PD, 10/7/68, 1433; Halloran, W Post, 10/2/68, A8; AP, NYT, 10/2/68, 2 3 - �October 1: Arnold W. Frutkin, working since Feb. 1 a s Special Assistant t o NASA Associate Administrator, completed h i s temporary assignment and resumed h i s d u t i e s a s Assistant Administrator f o r I n t e r n a t i o n a l A f f a i r s . (NASA PAO; NASAAnn, 10/2/68) . Lucius D. Battle, former Assistant Secretary of S t a t e f o r Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, became ComSatCorp Vice President f o r Corporate Relations. ( ~ o m ~ a t ~ Release orp 68-51; AP, W Post, 10/1/68, ~ 2 ) October 2: -mi) U.S.S.R. launched Cosmos CCXLIV i n t o o r b i t with 158-lan apogee, 140-lan (87-mi) perigee, 87.4-min period, and 49.6' i n c l i n a t i o n . S a t e l l i t e reentered same day. (GSFC SSR, 10/15/68) - S t u a r t Symington (D-MO.) s a i d on Senate f l o o r , "In t h e past t e n . Sen. years, money expended by t h e Defense Department f o r R&D has almost doubled, from $4 b . i l l i o n t o about $8 b i l l i o n . Yet since 1955, t h e United S t a t e s has not produced a single modern f i g h t e r ; i n f a c t , it has produced no combat plane except t h e TFX s e r i e s . The Navy version of t h a t plane has already been abandoned; and t h e A i r Force has once again found it necessary t o ground t h e i r version because of technical d i f f i c u l t i e s . " Despite " a l l those b i l l i o n s we have developed no a i r , superiority f i g h t e r capable of competing against a f i r s t - c l a s s a i r force such a s t h e Soviets possess today." He said U.S. was losing i t s lead on seas a s well because "our various Government branches produce arguments, whereas t h e Soviets produce t h e submarines." ( ~ e x t ;NY News, 1013168, 18) . Sen. Clinton P. Anderson (D-N.M~x.); Chairman of House Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, t o l d Senate, "Ten years from now NASA w i l l be celebrating i t s 20th anniversary. I hope that. t h e chairman of t h e Committee.. . a t t h a t time w i l l be able t o stand here and congratulate t h e agency and i t s people f o r 20 years of accomplishment and say t h a t t h e United S t a t e s i s s t i l l f i r s t i n space and i n aeronautics. But unless we a r e v i g i l a n t and supply t h e agency with t h e needed authorizations and appropr-iations, t h a t statement w i l l not be made. " (CR, - 1012/68, ~ 1 1 8 4 4 ) . N4SA awarded Chrysler Corp. ' s Space Div. $10,545,753 cost-plus-award-fee extension t o $77,877,486 contract f o r KSC support services. Extension, f o r J u l y 1 through Dec. 31, covered necessary manpower and material t o provide design and sustaining engineering, modification, t e s t i n g , refurbishing, and launch support of KSC-designed equipment and Saturn I B launch operations. (KSCRelease KSC-418-68) �MSFC announced it had awarded American Science and Engineering, October 2: Inc. , $5,413,000 addition t o contract f o r f i n a l design, fabrication, assembly, integration, t e s t qualification, and acceptance of prototype and f l i g h t u n i t x-ray spectrographic telescope, part of Apollo Telescope Mount. Award brought t o t a l value of contract t o $~1,617,471. (NASA Release 68-170; MSFC Release 68-234) October 3 : Aurorae (ESRO I) s a t e l l i t e , designed, developed, and constructed by European Space Research Organization under July 8, 1964, NASA-ESRO agreement, was successfully launched by NASA from WTR by four-stage Scout booster. Orbital parameters : apogee, 949.4 m i (1,528 km) ; perigee, 160.9 m i (259 l a ) ; period, 102.8 min; and inclination, 93.7'. Primary NASA mission objectives were t o place Aurorae i n t o planned o r b i t and provide tracking and telemetry support. The 185-lb cylindrical s a t e l l i t e carried eight experiments t o study aurora borealis (Northern ~ i g h t s )and other r e l a t e d phenomena of polar ionosphere, representing s i x different organizat i o n s from U.K., Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. A l l experiments were operating a s planned, and t h e i r s c i e n t i f i c objectives were being achieved. Aurorae was second successful ESRO s a t e l l i t e launched by NASA. IRIS -I, launched May 16 t o replace ESRO 11-A which had f a i l e d t o achieve o r b i t May 29, 1967, had entered planned o r b i t and conducted solar-astronomy and cosmic-ray studies. ESRO was responsible f o r experiment instrumentation, delivery of spacecraft t o launch s i t e , equipment and personnel necessary t o mate spacecraft, t o launch vehicle, and spacecraft t e s t i n g . NASA provided Scout launch vehicle, conducted launch operations, and supplied data and tracking acquisition support. (NASA Proj O f f ; NASA Release 68-158; AP, W Star, 10/4/68; GSFC SSR, 10/15/68) - - - . Cosmos CCXLV was launched by U. S. S. R. i n t o o r b i t with 481-km (298. +mi) apogee, 2'72-km (169-mi) perigee, 92-min period, and 70.9' inclination. (GSFCSSR, 10/15/68) . NASA Deputy Administrator, D r . Thomas 0. Paine, presented NASA FY 1969 interim operating plan t o Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. Although President Johnson had not yet signed appropriations b i l l , Bureau of t h e Budget had indicated NASA's share of $6 b i l l i o n expenditure reduction might amount t o $350 million. This meant limitat i o n of use of FY 1969 appropriations t o $3.85 b i l l i o n , D r . Paine said. "Our actions also have had t o be constrained by our current instructions within t h e Executive Branch t o hold expenditures t o a minimum i n 1970 a s well a s i n 1969, and t o be prepared f o r t h e eventuality of budgetary FY 1970 even more r e s t r i c t i v e than those i n F Y 1969. I limitations am personally convinced t h a t t h e nation's space program requires an we w i l l succeed i n increase i n funding i n FY 1970 and I am hopeful ... �October 3 (continued) e s t a b l i s h i n g- t h e need f o r a s i g n i f i c a n t increase. U n t i l t h i s d e c i s i o n i s made.. .we have no a1ternati;e but t o proceed with an i n t e r i m operating plan which, where possible, holds open options we can e x e r c i s e i n FY 1970 i f t h e budget i s higher but which does not overcommit u s i f t h e FY 1970 budget i s lower. " Plan r e t a i n e d $2.025 b i l l i o n authorized f o r Apollo program--$1b m i l l i o n below budget request. It reduced authorized $253.2 m i l l i o n f o r Apollo Applications, t o $150 m i l l i o n , amount "required t o work toward t h e important but sharply l i m i t e d and deferred Apollo Applicat i o n s program we now propose." This would include cessation of Saturn IB launch v e h i c l e production a f t e r completion o f 1 4 t h ( s a t u r n 214) and d i s c o n t i n u a t i o n of Saturn V a t completion of f i r s t 15 vehicles. Single Saturn I workshop and s i n g l e Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM)would be launched i n e a r l y 1970s. Authorized $5 m i l l i o n f o r advanced missions would be cut 5$ t o $2.5 m i l l i o n , f o r continued s t u d i e s r e l a t e d t o manned e a r t h - o r b i t a l and l u n a r missions. Authorized $136.9 m i l l i o n would be reduced t o $132.1 m i l l i o n f o r physics and a s t r o n o w with l e v e l of e f f o r t i n supporting research and technology and d a t a a n a l y s i s approximately 1%lower t h a n i n FY 1968. The $92.3 m i l l i o n authorized f o r l u n a r and p l a n e t a r y e x p l o r a t i o n would be cut t o $75.8 m i l l i o n , with $6.8 m i l l i o n f o r l u n a r and $69 m i l l i o n f o r planetary--to support Mariner-Mars 1969 mission, r e a c q u i s i t i o n of t e l e m e t r y from Mariner V, and Mariner-Mars 1971 mission. Plan a l s o supported i n FY 1969, a t reduced funding l e v e l , c a p a b i l i t y t o conduct Mars mission during 1973 opportunity i n keeping with NAS r e commendation [ s e e Sept. 191. Overall scope of mission would be reduced and schedule compressed. Operating plan provided f o r construction of two 210-f'b antennas f o r Mars and o t h e r missions during 1970s. Launch v e h i c l e procurement a u t h o r i z a t i o n of $115.7 m i l l i o n would be cut t o $100.2 m i l l i o n and bioscience from $33 m i l l i o n t o $32.7 m i l l i o n , which was $15 m i l l i o n below budget request and required s l i p of 6-12 mo i n 21-day B i o s a t e l l i t e missions. Space a p p l i c a t i o n s a u t h o r i z a t i o n of $98.7 m i l l i o n would be r e t a i n e d ; program change n e c e s s i t a t e d by May 18 d e s t r u c t i o n of Nimbus B would r e s u l t i n launch of replacement, Nimbus B2, i n spring 1969. Aero,ractics R&D budget would remain a t authorized $74.9 m i l l i o n , while FY 1969 e f f o r t i n nuclear r o c k e t s would be l i m i t e d and NERVA development deferred u n t i l 1-970, when $7.5 m i l l i o n withheld i n FY 1969 could be added t o allow t o t a l of $39.5 m i l l i o n . Of $180.5 m i l l i o n t o t a l a u t h o r i z a t i o n f o r b a s i c r e s e a r c h , mace v e h i c l e systems, e l e c t r o n i c s system, human f a c t o r systems, space power and e l e c t r i c propulsion systems, and chemical propulsion, i n t e r i m plan would provide $178.4 m i l l i o n , reduction ... �October 3 (continued) 5 m i l l i o n from NASA's budget request. Work i n long-endurance life-support-equipment technologies would proceed a s planned but i n o t h e r a r e a s , research and t e c h n i c a l development would be reduced, e s p e c i a l l y e f f o r t s i n support of advanced space missions. Tracking and d a t a a c q u i s i t i o n budget would be reduced from $289.8 m i l l i o n authorized t o $280 m i l l i o n , providing f u l l Apollo schedule support but l i m i t i n g support f o r spacecraft alof't and on f u t u r e missions. Construct i o n of f a c i l i t i e s funds had been reduced from $39.6 m i l l i o n authorized t o $21.8 m i l l i o n appropriated. Operating p l a n would i n c r e a s e f i g u r e t o $35.7 m i l l i o n by t r a n s f e r r i n g funds from R&D appropriation. F a c i l i t y planning and design funds were reduced from $3 m i l l i o n requested t o $1million. Interim operating plan a n t i c i p a t e d t r a n s f e r of $20.1 m i l l i o n from F&D t o administrative o p e r a t i o n s , bringing t o t a l t o $623.3 m i l l i o n i n s t e a d of $603.2 m i l l i o n i n a u t h o r i z a t i o n and appropriations a c t s and $648.2 m i l l i o n requested by NASA i n budget. D r . Paine emphasized t h a t administrative operat i o n s appropriation d i d not cover only "administrative " expenses ; it covered d i r e c t c o s t s of operating NASA l a b o r a t o r i e s , research c e n t e r s , development c e n t e r s , and launch c e n t e r s . NASA Administrator James E, Webb t o l d Committee, 'I. .when you use words such a s 'Congress c o n s i s t e n t l y has supported t h e Apollo program, ' you must add ' a t a minimum l e v e l . ' We have c l e a r l y i n d i c a t e d i n every budget t h a t t h e b a s i s on which we were going forward with t h i s support by Congress was one t h a t d i d not t a k e i n t o account unusual r i s k s and happenings and was, i n e f f e c t , based on success i n a l l t h e s e e f f o r t s . " Webb s a i d NASA Apollo funding was r e l a t e d t o success on various operations and d i d not include "a r e t u r n t o t e s t f l i g h t on t h e Saturn I B should we not be a b l e t o make t h e s h i f t t o t h e b i g rocket a f t e r t h i s next f l i g h t . " From 1961 t o 1969, Webb s a i d , "we have not had t h e funds t o proceed except i n a manner t h a t would permit us, within t h e t o t a 1 budget, t o do t h i s l u n a r landing within t h i s decade and on an a l l - u p systems t e s t b a s i s . So t h e e x c r u t i a t i n g l y p a i n f u l period of a l l - u p t e s t i n g on t h e Saturn V i s y e t ahead of us. I' ( ~ e s t i m o n y ; rans script) of. . . NASA's HL-10 l i f t i n g - b o d y v e h i c l e , flown by NASA t e s t p i l o t John A. Manke, s u c c e s s f u l l y completed eleventh f l i g h t from Edwards AFB. Vehicle with f u l l l o a d of f u e l was c a r r i e d t o a l t i t u d e , where successful j e t t i s o n t e s t was performed before launch from B-52 a i r c r a f t . Purpose of f l i g h t was p i l o t proficiency. (NASA P r o j o f f ) �October 3: Boeing Co. s a i d it would build one-fifth s i z e thermal models s $156,500 NASA contract t o determine of manned space s t ~ t i o n .under t h e i r f e a s i b i l i t y f o r predicting temperatures i n f u l l - s i z e earth-orbiting s t a t i o n . ( ~ o e i n gRelease S-9840) . NASA s a i d spacecraft and p a r t s of Agena 2nd stage of Nimbus B weather s a t e l l i t e launched unsuccessfully May 18, including two SNAP-19 nuclear power generators, had been found Sept. 30 by crew of research submarine four miles south of San Miguel Island o f f California coast. Pictures taken by submarine indicated three- by six-inch graphic cores of generators were i n t a c t ; surrounding magnesium-thorium a l l o y casings were almost completely decayed since they dissolved i n sea water almost immediately. Each core contained t h r e e pounds of plutonium. AEC had spent $200,000 searching f o r missing nuclear sources. Nimbus B had been destroyed shortly a f t e r launch when it veered o f f course. (NASA Release 68-171; Lannan, W S t a r , 10/4/68, Al.6; AP, 10/11/68, 10) - z, . Senate, a f t e r secret session, defeated by vote of 45 t o 25 amendment by Sen. John S. Cooper (R-Ky. ) t o eliminate from $71.8-billion defense appropriations b i l l $387.4 million requested by Administrat i o n t o st& deployment of Sentinel a n t i b a l l i s t i c missile system. F i n a l a c t ion on l a r g e s t defense appropriations b i l l i n U. S. h i s t o r y was deferred u n t i l Oct. 4. CR, 10/2/68, S11872-85; AP, W Star, 10/2/68, A4; Finney, 7 6 8 , 1; Lardner, W Post, 10/5168, 1 ) m, October 4: NASA-USAF review board report s a i d f a i l u r e of Nimbus B mission May 18 had been caused by improper i n s t a l l a t i o n of yaw-rate gyro 90' from design position i n t h e Thorad-Agena launch vehicle. Board recommended revision of t e s t procedures which f a i l e d t o discern e r r o r and redesign of &yro mounting brackets t o make improper i n s t a l l a t i o n impossible. Repeat mission, Nimbus B2, would be launched i n spring 1969 because of f l i g h t ' s importance t o meteorol o g i c a l research. (NASA Release 68-171; UPI, H Chron, 1015168) . CmSatCorp, on behalf of IXTELSAT, awarded Hughes A i r c r a f t Co. $72million contract f o r IN'TELSAT IV advanced comsats. Hughes would d e l i v e r within 22 mo four f l i g h t spacecraft, one prototype, associated spacecraft t e s t equipment, and necessary ground equipp 68-52; WSJ, 10/7/68, 3) ment. ( ~ o m S a t ~ o rRelease - October 5: U.S.S.R. successfully launched Molniya 1-10 t o r e l a y . telephone and telegraph communications and TV programs t o f a r northern and f a r eastern U. S. S. R. and t o c e n t r a l Asia. Orbital �October 5 (continued) parameters: apogee, 39,639 km (2,463.1 mi); perigee, 429 km (266.6 mi); period, 711.9 min; and i n c l i n a t i o n , 64.8'. (UPI, W -9S t a r 10/7/68, A9; AP, NYT, 10/8/68, 2; GSFC SSR, 10/15/68) - - . Republican P r e s i d e n t i a l candidate Richard M. Nixon issued p o l i c y s t a t e ment, "The Research Gap: C r i s i s i n American Science and Technology." U.S. was "shortchanging" i t s s c i e n t i f i c community and r i s k i n g research "Faced with dynamic gap between U.S. e f f o r t and t h a t of U.S.S.R. p o s s i b i l i t i e s f o r science, t h e current Administration i s hobbled by t h e s t a t i c philosophy t h a t technological p o t e n t i a l i t i e s a r e limited. In This a t t i t u d e i s p a r t i c u l a r l y perilous i n t h e realm of defense.... few a r e a s of development i s a c t i v i t y so intense and productive a s i n Soviet m i l i t a r y research and development." While U.S.S.R. graduated twice a s many s c i e n t i s t s annually a s U.S., American s c i e n t i f i c community was "demoralized" by wavering a t t i t u d e s toward R&D. " S c i e n t i f i c a c t i v i t y cannot be turned on and o f f l i k e a faucet. The withdrawal of support disperses highly t r a i n e d research teams, closes v i t a l f a c i l i t i e s , l o s e s The United spinoff b e n e f i t s , and d i s r u p t s development momentum. S t a t e s must end t h i s depreciation of research and development i n i t s order of n a t i o n a l p r i o r i t i e s . . It would be an urgent goal of my administration t o devise e f f e c t i v e means by which it could cooperate with industry and t h e academic community i n an e f f o r t t o make maximum use of s c i e n t i f i c advances t o help solve major n a t i o n a l problems. Our goal i s t o make t h e United S t a t e s f i r s t again i n t h e c r u c i a l area ex%; Walsh, Science, 10/18/68, 335-7) of research and development." ... ... ... ... October 6: I n Washington Sunday S t a r W i l l i a m Hines commented on James E. Webbt s resignation a s NASA Administrator: "Yes. . t h e r e was a James Webb. He had h i s f a u l t s , God knows, and a p e c u l i a r s t y l e . Most people would have done t h e job d i f f e r e n t l y . But, on balance, it i s d i f f i c u l t t o see how myone could have done it much b e t t e r . " (W -9S t a r 10/6/68, ~ 4 ) . October 7: U.S.S.R. launched Cosmos CCXLVI i n t o o r b i t with 3 1 7 - h x i ) apogee, 145-km (90.1-mi) perigee, 89.1-min period, and 65.3' i n c l i n a t i o n . S a t e l l i t e reentered Oct 12. ( ~ n t e r a v i d i r L e t t e r , 10/8/68, 11; GSFC SSR, 10/15/68) . . Resignation of James E. Webb a s NASA Administrator, announced Sept. 16, became e f f e c t i v e . (NASAOff of Administrator) �Sen. S t u a r t Symington (D-MO.) s a i d i n statement put i n t o October 7: Congressional Record, "I a m now confident...serious consideration should be given t o canceling t h e e n t i r e A i r Force F-111 s e r i e s . . . . I f t h e plane i s f'undamentally unsound--and t h a t would now appear t o be t h e c a s e - - i t s termination would prevent t h e l o s s of a d d i t i o n a l b i l l i o n s of dollars--and what i s more important, save t h e l i v e s of many p i l o t s . " He s a i d October report of Preparedness I n v e s t i g a t i n g Subcommittee of Senate Committee on Armed Services "points up t h e grave s e c u r i t y d e f i c i e n c i e s t h a t have r e s u l t e d from t h e Department of Defense f o r c i n g t h e A i r Force and Navy t o put a l l t h e eggs of t h e i r a i r c r a f t development i n t o one unfortunate basket." ( ~ e x t ;CRY 10/7/68, ~12148-51;Witkin, -3NYT 10/8/68, 18; W Post, 10/8/68, A l l ) - . I tni mNational Observer, Peter T . Chew c r i t i c i z e d Americans a s "uncertain, i d f a r e r s i n space. " During "19-month interregnum i n manned space f l i g h t " occasioned by Jan. 27, 1967, Apollo f i r e , "Americans have become obsessed with t h e r a c e question a t home and t h e Vietnam War abroad.... I f some doomsayers a r e t o be believed, t h e v a s t U.S. space science and t ethnology establishment put t o g e t h e r during t h e l a s t decade w i l l be systematically dismantled once t h e manned Apollo landing has been accomplished because NASA has 'no c l e a r mandate' t o go on; c o r n f i e l d s w i l l reclaim t h e g r e a t rocket and s p a c e c r a f t - t e s t i n g s i t e s . ; t h e s o l a r system w i l l become t h e exclusive playground of Soviet cosmonauts. " Yet NASA's mandate t o explore space "for t h e b e n e f i t of a l l mankind" had been s e t down i n l e g i s l a t i o n e s t a b l i s h i n g t h e agency and d i d not end with t h e moon. I f anything, "the moon i s t h e f i r s t stepping stone. " D r . Wernher von Braun "stands almost alone among t h e country's l e a d e r s i n h i s a b i l i t y t o express i n understandable terms j u s t why we a r e going t o t h e moon--and beyond To c r i t i c s of t h e space program he r e p l i e s , '...Man was born with an i n s a t i a b l e nosiness about h i s n a t u r a l environment. .it seems t o pay o f f handsomely, but o f t e n i n t h e most unexpected way, t o keep s a t i s f y i n g h i s c u r i o s i t y about t h e world' around him. " ( ~ a t Obs, l 1017168) .. .... .. . Newsweek s a i d NERVA p r o j e c t had "become one more c a s u a l t y of cutbacks i n t h e space program. " Workers a t Nevada t e s t s i t e "say only a skeleton s t a f f w i l l be l e f t on t h e p r o j e c t by spring. I' (Newsweek, 1017168 . NASA announced i t , h a d . awarded Technical Information Services Co. $4.3-million cost-plus-award-fee contract f o r continued o p e r a t i o n of NASA's S c i e n t i f i c and Technical Information F a c i l i t y a t College Park, Md. Contract would extend through November, 1969, with two one-year o p t ions. Current c o n t r a c t o r was Leasco Systems and Research Corp. (NASA Release 68-173) �October 7: NASA Administrator James E. Webb issued order dissolving Apollo 204 Review Board established Jan. 27, 1967, t o investigate Apollo f i r e of t h a t date. ( ~ e x)t October 8: Antennas on NASAt s Explorer XXXVIII (launched J u l y 4) were each successfully extended t o 750-ft maximum lenrrth and damper boom t o maxim& 630 f t by ground command. s a t e l l i t e ' s antennas had been i n i t i a l l y deployed t o 455 f't each J u l y 22 and extended t o 600-ft each Sept. 24. Maximum extension completed planned antenna deployment sequence. (NASA Release 68 -174; NASA Proj o f f ) . Senate unanimously approved space rescue t r e a t y , providing f o r rescue and r e t u r n a f astronauts downed on foreign s o i l . It had been signed by 75 nations. (CR, - 1018168, 512215-6; AP, B Sun, 1019168, ~ 1 0 ) . NASA Associate Administrator f o r Manned Space Flight, D r . George E. Mueller, addressed Nfnth N a t i ~ n a lConference of United Press I n t e r n a t i o n a l Editors and Publishers i n Washington, D. C. : the conception and construction of t h e equipment necessary t o t h e safe transport of men i n t o space and f o r t h e i r accomplishment of productive t a s k s i n t h a t new atmosphere, a new mix of professional and s c i e n t i f i c d i s c i p l i n e s has been created which has forced cooperation between engineers and medical doctors. Many o f t h e technologies which a r e e s s e n t i a l t o our sending t h r e e men t o t h e moon and back d i d not e x i s t a few years ago. They had t o be invented, adapted o r developed We now have t h e giant boosters which have released man from h i s atmosphere, and. l i f e support systems t h a t can maintain him i n space. As a r e s u l t of t h e cleanliness requirements of t h e space program we have t h e l a r g e s t 'clean roomsf i n t h e world--rooms which h o s p i t a l s Over 600 computers now comprise t h e l a r g e s t a r e now emulating, and most advanced communications system'in t h e world. The f u e l c e l l , which had l a i n dormant f o r many years, was activated t o power spacec r a f t i n o r b i t . Thirty public u t i l i t y companies now have a $2'7,000,000 program f o r t h e adaptation of t h e f u e l c e l l f o r home power units. We had t o know on a real-time b a s i s how f a s t t h e h e a r t s of t h e a s t r o nauts were beating while they were i n space how much oxygen they were we invented another using, and how t h e i r muscles were r e s p o n d i n g . . . ~ ~ new system, biosensor t o computer t o d a t a gathering equipment, and through com'unications network t o t h e Manned Spacecraft Center a t Houston--from 100. o r 800. o r from j$ of a million miles out i n space. And a h a l f a dozen newly formed companies are now manufacturing these adapted space-created instruments f o r t h e use of doctors and h o s p i t a l s here on earth. " ( ~ e x t ) or .... .. ... ... .. .. ( �October 8: Commenting on James E. Webb's retirement, Sen. John Stennis (DIMiss.) said on Senate floor, "I have been a member of t h e Committee on Aercmau.tical and Space Sciences since about t h e time M r . Webb was appointed t o head NASA. I am. not given unduly t o praise a man. I a m not impressed by a t i t l e . I an impressed by a record, But I am c e r t a i p l y impressed with t h e f a c t t h a t Mr. Webb c w r i e d out h i s respons i b i l i t i e s f o r NASA with an expenditure of $34 b i l l i o n , i n what might be called a crash program; and I have not seen any evidence of any a c t i v i t y of h i s except t h a t clothed i n the highest degree with integrity, honesty, frankness and openness i n h i s dealings with t h e committee, with Congress, a s well as with the public." (CR, 10/8/68, 812227-8) - . Dept, of State said it would issue visas t o 35 Soviet space s c i e n t i s t s t o attend 19th Congress of International Astronautical Federation However, it might recommend cancellat i o n of sightseeing tour of KSC arranged with NASA by American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) f o r s c i e n t i s t s from 34 c ~ u n 0 r i e sattending both IAF Congress and AU1A. annual meeting i n Philadelphia Oct. 21-25. No Soviet s c i e n t i s t had yet v i s i t e d KSC, "apparently out of concern t h a t t h e United States would ask f o r reciprocal r i g h t s i n Russia f o r American s c i e n t i s t s , " said New York Times, Rep. Paul G. Rogers (D- la.), i n l e t t e r t o Secretary of S t a t e Dean Rusk, had said v i s i t was inappropriate i n l i g h t of U. S. S. R. ' s invasion of Czechoslovakia, imprisonment of Pueblo crew by North Korea, Soviet a i d to North Vietnam, and existence of Communist regime i n Cuba. (Q, 10/9/68) (w)i n New York Oct. 13-19. - October 9: Univ. of California a t Los Angeles astronomer D r . K u r t Riegel and graduate student Mark Jennings reported discovery of cloud of intensely cold i n t e r s t e l l a r hydrogen gas near region of galaxy where s t a r formation was kwwn t o be taking place, about 3,000 l i g h t years from e a r t h i n direct i o n of Milky Way. D r . Reigel said, h he implication i s t h a t t h e process of s t a r formation may i n some way depend on t h e t h e gas f l o a t ing around between t h e s t a r s . " ( ~ e t z e ,WI - . NASA was completing t e s t s f o r Cambridge Research Laboratories i n which, individual p l a s t i c hailstone models were dropped from 20,000USAF t o 25,000-ft a l t i t u d e s near NASA Wallops Station t o study speed a t which hailstones f e l l t o earth and i t s effect on t h e i r size and growth r a t e i n atmosphere. Wind-tunnel t e s t s had confirmed theory t h a t size and weight t o which naturally formed hailstones would grow was related t o speed they f e l l and thus t o length of time spent i n storm clozlds. Shape and surface roughness affected f a l l speed by �October 9 (continued) changing drag c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . W&lops t e s t data would check tunnel r e s u l t s and would be applied i n predicting growth of r e a l hailstones. (NASA Release 68-172) Aerobee 150 M I sounding rocket launched by NASA from WSMR October 10: c a r r i e d Naval Research Laboratory experiment t o 109.2-mi (174.7 -km) a l t i t u d e t o obtain s t e l l a r spectra i n Scorpius i n 1,000-1,600a f a r u l t r a v i o l e t range and photometric data on s t e l l a r fluxes. Rocket performed s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . S c i e n t i f i c objectives were not achieved because a t t i t u d e control system (ACS ) malfunctioned and vehicle f a i l e d t o capture and point a t desired t a r g e t s . Experiment performed a s expected, but because of ACS malfunction no film was advanced by spectograph o r aspect camera. Sane photometric data were obtained by Geiger tube photometers. (NASA Rpt SRL) . Australian House of Representatives, by 60-30 vote, defeated opposition Labor Party motion t o condemn government f o r ordering 24 F-111C f i g h t e r Crashes, delays, and cost increases had l e d t o major bombers from U.S. c r i t i c i s m of government. Deliveries of a i r c r a f t were 18 mo behind schedule. Latest U. S . estimate of cost, including spares and ground equipment, was $294.63 million, about one-f ourth Australian defense budget f o r 1968-69. There was no c e i l i n g p r i c e on a i r c r a f t and no way A u s t r a l i a could cancel contract without $200-million penalty. (AP, W Post, 10/11/68, All; NYT, 10/9/68, 12) - . NASA announced it had requested proposals by Nov. 18 i n i t s program t o b u i l d two experimental tilrbofan j e t engines and t o conduct intensive . t e s t program [see Aug. 181. Objective was t o reduce two major sources of noise--interaction of j e t exhaust with outside a i r and noise created by fan--to produce turbofan demonstrator engine operational a t noise l e v e l a t l e a s t 15-20 db below those p~weringDC-8 and 707 a i r c r a f t . Specifications were developed a t LeRC with assistance on contract from Allison Div. of General Motors Corp. and P r a t t & Whitney Div. of United Aircraft Corp. while McDonnell Douglas Corp. studied f e a s i b i l i t y of i n t e g r a t i n g quiet engine with DC-8. (NASA Release 68-17?) . Sen. John J. S p a r h a n (D-ma.) on Senate f l o o r said: "President Johnson i s properly called t h e p r i n c i p a l a r c h i t e c t of America's space program. As Senator and Vice President he worked unceasingly t o assure t h i s country a r o l e of leadership i n t h e exploration of space.... Under President Johnson's leadership i n t h e Senate t h e Space Act was passed i n 1958, creating t h e National Aeronautics and Space Administration. s e t t i n g up a charter t o win f o r t h i s country a preeminence i n t h e .. �October 1 0 (continued) peaceful exploration of space. NASA p u l l e d t o g e t h e r widely s c a t t e l e f f o r t s i n space and b u i l t an organization unique i n t h i s countryf s h i s t o r y . It has contributed t o t h e technological competence so v i t a . t o modern i n d u s t r i a l society. I' (NASA LAR ~11/108) . Federal Aviation Administration published r e p o r t , SRDS Program Goals, Achievements and Trends, on 50 Systems Research and Development Service p r o j e c t s undertaken i n FY 1968. Beacon t r a c k i n g l e v e l of t e r m i n a l automat ion would provide a i r c r a f t i d e n t i t y , a l t i t u d e , and computed ground speed on a i r t r a f f i c c o n t r o l radarscopes. Over t h r e e y e a r s , automated r a d a r t r a c k i n g system ARTS I11 would be i n s t a l l e d a t 62 b u s i e s t a i r p o r t s . Computer-aided approach spacing ((%AS) system would give more consistent spacing of landing a i r c r a f t . R&D eventually would l e a d t o Category I11 all-weather landing systems (AWLS)a t major a i r p o r t s , permitting a i r c r a f t t o land with zero c e i l i n g and runway v i s u a l range. (FAA Release T-68-39) October 11: Cosmos CCXLVII was launched by U. S. S. R. i n t o o r b i t with 343-km (213.1-mi) apogee, 215-km (133.6-mi) perigee, 89.9-min period, and 65.4O i n c l i n a t i o n . S a t e l l i t e reentered Oct. 19. (GSFC-9SSR 10/15/68 ; 10/31/68) . U.S.S.R.'s Zond V could be precursor t o next s t e p i n f l y i n g complex unmanned missions t o Venus o r Mars a s w e l l a s t o carrying men t o moon, RAND Corp. s c i e n t i s t Merton E. Davies and Cal Tech s c i e n t i s t Bruce M. Murray wrote i n Science. Soviet d e s c r i p t i o n s of Zond V suggested U. S. S.R. might plan t o send p a i r of spacecraft t o Mars i n l a t e February o r e a r l y March. One might land on Mars and c a s t o f f s a t e l l i t e t o o r b i t it and r e l a y s i g n a l s t o e a r t h ; o t h e r might f l y by Mars and r e t u r n t o e a r t h with f i l m of Mars surface. Speculat i o n s were based on Pravda and Krasnaya Zvezda ( ~ e ds t a r ) a r t i c l e s by Soviet Prof. A. Dmitriyev, which s a i d "information from space" must be d e l i v e r e d " d i r e c t l y t o t h e s c i e n t i s t s ' laboratory" f r e e of "encumbrances and d i s t o r t i o n s of radioed signals." He s a i d Zond V had s u c c e s s f u l l y completed assignment of developing means and methods f o r r e t u r n i n g space devices. Also, U.S.S.R. had previously s e n t p a i r of spacecraft on p l a n e t a r y mission and might r e p e a t mission t o t a k e advantage of favorable Mars o r Venus p o s i t i o n s f o r f l y b y o r landing attempts. (science, 10/11/68, 245-6; Cohn, W Post, 10/11j/68, ~ 9 ) �October 11: President Johnson sent NASA Semiannual Reports covering period J u l y 1, 1966, t o Dec. 31, 1967, t o Congress with message of t r a n s m i t t a l , saying, "I commend these reports t o your attention. They contain, I believe, concrete evidence t h a t NASA i s moving forward, and t h a t America i s contributing mightily 'in t h e worldwide e f f o r t t o conquer space f o r t h e benefit of a l l mankind. " (NASA LAR - v11/111) . I n TV program t o viewers i n Texas, New Mexico, Arkansas, and Oklahoma, Republican Presidential candidate Richard M. Nixon said a Republican administration would s t r i v e t o make U. S. " f i r s t i n space. " He said, "I don't want t h e Soviet Union o r any other nation t o be ahead of Let ' s emphasize t h e moon shot and others t h e United States. where we can make a d i r e c t break-through. " (W -9Star 10/12/68, Al) ... . President Johnson vainly urged Senate r a t i f i c a t i o n of nuclear nonp r o l i f e r a t i o n t r e a t y : "3.f t h e t r e a t y does not go i n t o e f f e c t soon, an increasing number of countries w i l l see it i n t h e i r national i n t e r e s t t o go nuclear. ..[and] t h e advent of new nuclear powers could force upon us t h i s dilemma: e i t h e r withdrawing our influence and commitment *om areas of the world which are v i t a l t o our i n t e r e s t s ; o r having other nations t r i g g e r a nuclear conflict which could involve us." He s a i d i f Senate found it impossible t o remain i n session t o a c t on r a t i f i c a t i o n , he might c a l l special session a f t e r election. However, a f t e r consulting with President Johnson, Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield, ( D - ~ o n t . )announced he was laying t r e a t y aside f o r t h i s session of Congress because t o c a l l it up during closing days would r e s u l t i n "a devisive p o l i t i c a l dispute" t h a t could convert it i n t o p a r t i s a n issue and imperil i t s eventual approval. 10/14/68, 1481; CR, 10/11/68, S12685-90; Finney, NYT, Kilpatrick, W POX, 10/12/68, ~ 1 4 ) - . NASA t a s k force appointed by Assistant A h i n i s t r a t o r f o r University ' A f f a i r s Francis B. Smith announced publication of A Study of NASA University Programs, containing assessment of programs and t h e i r benefit t o NASA and academic community. NASA university programs had "made major contributions t o aeronautics and space program. Research sponsored. ..has generated new concepts, has developed new technology, and has created unique f a c i l i t i e s f o r further education and resea~,cil. Over 50 percent of a l l experiments flown on NASA s a t e l l i t e s have been generated by university programs. Universities have awarded a t l e a s t 500 graduate degrees and provided continuing education opportunities t o thousands. [and] university consultants have given policy, s c i e n t i f i c , and engineering advice t o NASA a t a l l levels." ( ~ e x b ;NASA,Release 68-177) .. �October 11: NASA had asked i t s c o n t r a c t o r s t o , c u t KSC qerssnAe1 1%i n d announced e f f o r t t o save $40 m i l l i o n by J u l y 1. b e i n g Co. h ~ alrkady p l a n s t o reduce 4,400-man force t o 4,000. .Chqyxler Corp. would keep 1,000 of i t s 1,200. Cutbacks were due t o NASA budget c u t s and a f f e c t e d only Z$ of work force. (NASA FAO; W S t a r , 10/11/68, ' ~ 3 ) - . Comparison of i n f r a r e d images of l u n a r e c l i p s e s of Dec. 19, 1964, and A p r i l 13, 1968, showed thermal anomalies of l u n a r maria unchanged a f t e r 3& yr, A i r Force Cambridge Research Laboratories r e s e a r c h e r s r e p o r t e d i n Science. Graham R. Hunt, John W. Salisbury, and Robert K. Vincent wrote t h a t hundreds of hot spots t h a t cooled more slowly t h a n surroundings were s t r i k i n g l y s i m i l a r i n images from both e c l i p s e s . One new, l i n e a r thermal anomaly had been discovered, whose c l o s e r e l a t i o n t o l u n a r c r u s t a l f r a c t u r e l i n e suggested it might be of i n t e r n a l o r i i n . Origin could give clue t o formation a f c r a t e r s . (science, 10/11768, 252-4) . Dr. W i l l i a m H. Avery, head of Aeronautics Div., Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, explained t o Johns Hopkins audience idea f o r a e r i a l c a r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n (ACT) system based on s k i - l i f t p r i n c i p l e , designed f o r l o c a l t r i p s of under 10 m i within urban a r e a s , and l i n k e d with high-speed t r a n s i t system f o r longer distances. S e r i e s of small c a r s would move along elev2ted r a i l , operated by e l e c t r i c a l l y powered cable 1 2 t o 1 4 f t above pavement. ( ~ h r i s t m a s ,W S t a r , 10/14/68, ~ 3 ) - NASA's Apollo 7 (AS-205)~f i r s t manned mission i n Apollo October 11-22: l u n a r landing program, was s u c c e s s f u l l y launched from KSC Launch Complex 34 a t 11:02 am EDT by Saturn I B booster. Primary o b j e c t i v e s were t o demonstrate command and service module (CSM) and crew performance; demonstrate crew, space v e h i c l e , and mission support f a c i l i t i e s ; and demonstrate CSM rendezvous c a p a b i l i t y . A l l launch events occurred a s planned and s p a c e c r a f t , carrying Astronauts Walter M. S c h i r r a , Jr. (commander), Donn F. E i s e l e (CM p i l o t ) , and R. Walter Cunningham (IN p i l o t ) , entered i n i t i a l o r b i t with 190.1-mi ( 306 -km) apogee, 142.3-mi (229-km) perigee, 89.9-min period, and 31.6' i n c l i n a t i o n . Saturn IB 2nd s t a g e (s-NB) manned c o n t r o l t e s t was completed with e x c e l l e n t r e s u l t s , and S-IVB separated f r ~ mCSM on schedule. Crew s u c c e s s f u l l y transposed CSM and simulated -d~&ing by maneuvering CSM t o w i t h i n f o u r o r f i v e f e e t of S-IVB, On second day S c h i r r a t o l d ground. eorxtraJ2,ers t h a t crew was t o o busy t o s e t up p o r t a b l e camera f m lixe?!. coverage bemuse of minor but time-consuming d i f f i c u l t i e s . kS'bson~u%shad t o pump waste water �October 11-22 (continued) manually fiom spacecraft, Schirra and Eisele had trouble with t h e i r biomedical harnesses, Schirra had head cold symptoms, spacecraft evaporator system required maintenance, and hatch windows blurred and were bordered by mysterious "small h a i r s l i k e fuzz." Crew f i r e d SPS engine f o r 10 sec and 8 sec t o s e t up rendezvous and maneuvered CSM t o within 70 f t of tumbling spent 2nd stage, simulating techniques t o be used on future f l i g h t s i f LM were t o become disabled i n lunar orbit. Crew took close-up photos of 1;M adapter a t t a c h e d t o 2nd stage. S-IVB reentered e a r t h ' s atmosphere Oct. 18 and splashed i n t o Indian Ocean. On t h i r d day crew, which had already accomplished h a l f i t s objectives, photographed clouds and e a r t h and continued checking out spacecraft systems. Power f a i l u r e i n spacecraft's AC e l e c t r i c a l system was quickly restored, but overloading prompted o f f i c i a l s t o reschedule t h i r d SPS burn 20 hr sooner than planned. Burn positioned and sized e l l i p s e f o r CM reaction control system deorbit i n case of emergency and s e t up auxiliary gaging system t e s t . Astronauts, a l l with head colds, appeared on national TV f o r 7 min f o r f i r s t time l i v e fkom space. Crew displayed hand-printed signs bearing greetings from "the lovely Apollo room h5gh atop everything. " Second l i v e t e l e c a s t f o r 11 min Oct. 15 showed closeups of spacec r a f t i n t e r i o r and astronauts so c l e a r t h a t observers could read astronauts' l i p s . Third TV appearance Oct. 16, which included nine-minute t o u r of spacecraft, won astronauts honorary membership i n American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. Later, crew successfully f i r e d SPS engine f o r fourth burn, demonstrating 20,500-lb-thrust engine's minimum impulse capability. As spacecrafi passed over Hurricane Gladys i n G u l f of Mexico, astronauts photographed storm and relayed data t o Weather Bureau hurricane center. They a l s o took p i c t u r e s of a "long plume" of a i r pollution. Crew continued spacecraf't checkout, guidance and navigation procedures, and TV operations on seveneh day, but fourth t e l e c a s t was smudgy. Successful 67-sec f i f t h SPS burn--longest t o date--was performed out of plane t o t e s t auxiliary gaging system and readjust e l l i p s e f o r l i f e t i m e and CM reaction control system deorbit On n i n t h day astronauts showed viewers exceptionally sharp pictures of main control panels i n f i f t h TV broadcast and performed close-order drill t o demonstrate movement i n weightless environment. Sixth SPS burn, e s s e n t i a l l y a duplicate of fourth minimum impulse t e s t burn, was successfully conducted. Seventh burn, on following day, adjusted time phasing f o r backup SM reaction-control-system deorbit burns. A t 259:39 GET astronauts f i r e d SPS engine f o r eighth separation, parachute time, t o deorbit CSM f o r reentry. WSM deployment, and other reentry qvents were nominal, and spacecraft . �October 11-22 (continued) splashed down i n A t l a n t i c 8 m i north of recovery ship U.S.S. Essex a t 7 : l l am EDT Oct. 22. Crew was picked up by h e l i c o p t e r and flown t o recovery s h i p within one hour a f t e r splashdown. A l l primary Apollo 7 mission o b j e c t i v e s were achieved, a s w e l l a s every d e t a i l e d t e s t o b j e c t i v e and t h r e e not o r g i n a l l y planned. Crew comfort and s a f e t y were enhanced by a change i n cabin atmosphere t o 10% oxygen i n f l i g h t , hot meals, and r e l a t i v e l y complete freedom of motion i n spacecraft. Engineering accomplishments included l i v e TV from space and drinking water produced a s by-product of f u e l c e l l s . NASA's ATS I11 a p p l i c a t i o n s technology s a t e l l i t e relayed TV p i c t u r e s t o Europe. Service module SPS main engine, l a r g e s t t h r u s t engine t o be manually t h r u s t - v e c t o r c o n t r o l l e d , proved i t s e l f by accomplishing l o n g e s t and s h o r t e s t manned SPS burns and l a r g e s t number of i n f l i g h t r e s t a r t s . Manual t r a c k i n g , navigation, and c o n t r o l achievements included R z l l o p t i c a l rendezvous, daylight platform realignment, o p t i c a l platform alignments, p i l o t c o n t r o l of launch v e h i c l e a t t i t u d e , and o r b i t a l determination by sextant t r a c k i n g of another v e h i c l e . Mission a l s o accomplished f i r s t d i g i t a l - a u t o p i l o t - c o n t r o l l e d engine burn and f i r s t manned S-band communications. A l l launch v e h i c l e systems performed s a t i s f a c t o r i l y ; spacecraft systems functioned with some minor anomalies, countered by backup subsystem, change i n procedures, i s o l a t i o n , o r c a r e f u l monitoring so t h a t no l o s s of systems support r e s u l t e d . Apollo 7 spacecrart had been redesigned f o r s a f e t y . Original two-piece s i d e hatch had been replaced by a quick-opening, one-piece hatch. Flammability within CM had been reduced by extensive m a t e r i a l s s u b s t i t u t i o n , and systems redundancy had been expanded t o reduce s i n g l e f a i l u r e p o i n t s . Saturn I B launch v e h i c l e c a r r i e d l e s s telemetry and instrumentation equipment, t o lower weight and increase payload c a p a b i l i t y . New p r o p e l l a n t l i n e s t o augmented spark i g n i t e r had been i n s t a l l e d i n J-2 engine t o prevent f a i l u r e which had occurred on Apollo 6. E a r l i e r unmanned Apollo f l i g h t s had yielded a l l spacecraft i n f o r mation p o s s i b l e without crew on board, Apollo 4 (launched Nov. 9, 1967) and Apollo 5 (launched Jan. 22, 1968) had both been h i g h l y successful, completing i n f l i g h t t e s t s of a l l major pieces of Apollo hardware. Apollo 6 (launched A p r i l 4), d e s p i t e launch v e h i c l e problems, had a t t a i n e d f o u r of f i v e primary o b j e c t i v e s and had been recovered i n e x c e l l e n t condition. Apollo program was d i r e c t e d by NASA Office of Manned Space F l i g h t ; MSC was responsible f o r Apollo s p a c e c r a r t development, and KSC f o r launch operations. Tracking and d a t a a c q u i s i t i o n was managed by GSFC under o v e r a l l d i r e c t i o n NASA P r o j Off; of NASA Office of Tracking and Data Acquisition. NASA Releases 68-168K, 68-179; Cohn, W Post, 10112 68, Al; 10/13/68, �October 11-22 ( continued) Al; AP, B s&, 10/12/68, Al0; OvToole, W Post, 10/12/68, Al; 10/15/68, A l ; 1 0 / 1 6 E Al; 10/17/68, A3; 10/18/68, A3; 10/21/68, Al; 10/23/68, A l ; Lannan, W S t a r , 10/13/68, Al; 10/19/68, A l ; W S t a r , 10/17/68, A2; ~ e h l s t e d, tB u n , 10123168, Al; 10/24/68, A3; W s t , 10/23/68, ~ 2 0 ) - October 12: Washington Post e d i t o r i a l noted Apollo spacecraft c o s t s and t h a t t o t a l cost of space program t o date was upwards of $20 b i l l i o n . h he expenditure of sums of money l i k e these cannot be j u s t i f i e d i n t e r n s of t h e m i l i t a r y o r c i v i l i a n spin-off, although both have been s u b s t a n t i a l , o r of t h e knowledge we have gained about t h e atmosphere surrounding our planet. But they can be j u s t i f i e d in terms of t h e n a t i o n a l p r e s t i g e t h a t i s t o be won o r l o s t i n space and of t h e i n e v i t a b l e f a t e of man t o pursue knowledge towards i t s ultimate end i n hope of some day achieving a b e t t e r understanding of what t h e e a r t h and universe. a r e all about. It i s i n t h i s l a t t e r hope t h a t we cheer t h e astronauts on, wish them well i n t h e i r planned 163 o r b i t s of t h e e a r t h , pray f o r t h e i r safe return, and urge those who make t h e c r u c i a l decisions about t h e f u t u r e space program t o proceed with a l l d e l i b e r a t e speed t o reach t h e goal President Kennedy put before us. " (W Post, 10/12/68, ~ 1 2 ) . South African Defense Minister P i e t e r W. Botha had announced plans, a t annual conference of newspaper publishers, t o e s t a b l i s h nation's f i r s t experimental m i s s i l e t e s t and launching base on Zululand coast. ( ~ e u t e r s ,NYT, 10/13/68, 74) - . Page Communications Engineers, Inc., subsidiary of Northrop Corp. had received $5.25-million contract t o build f i r s t Middle East comsat e a r t h s t a t i o n i n Iran. (W 5-S t a r 10/12/68, ~ 5 ) October 13: New observations from ~ r i t a i ns' J o d r e l l Bank Experiment a 1 S t a t i o n indicated distance estimates t o pulsars had been 30 times t o o short. Observations from A u s t r a l i a ' s Molonglo Radio Observatory had i d e n t i f i e d pulsar PSR 1749-28, believed t o be t h r e e times more d i s t a n t t h a n 10 others observed t o date. Despite great distance i t s pulses were more powerful than those of a l l but one other. From these observat i o n s , J o d r e l l ' s D r . Graham Smith believed pulsars l a y i n d i s t a n t halo, not i n Milky Way. ( ~ u l l i v a n ,NYT, 10/13/68, 74) - . U.S. S t a t e Dept. s a i d t h e r e was no intention of blocking t o u r of KSC by s c i e n t i s t s attending I n t e r n a t i o n a l Astronautical Federation Congress Oct. 13-19 and American InsWtute of Aeronautics and Astronautics �October 1 3 (continued) a m u a l meeting Oct. 19-20, Group included 40 delegates from U. S. S. H. A I M a l s o had arranged l e c t u r e t o u r of U.S. f o r Soviet space s c i e n t i s t Prof. Leonid I. Sedov of Moscow Univ. ( ~ i l s o n ,W Post, 10/14/68, ~ 3 ) October 13-19: A t l s h Congress of I n t e r n a t i o n a l Astronautical Federation (IAF) i n New York, NASC Executive Secretary,Dr. Edward C. Welsh,in opening address read message from NASC Chairman, Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey: "We t a k e mnsiderable p r i d e i n t h e United S t a t e s with t h e g e n e r a l l y open nature of our space program and i n t h e manner i n which we have attempted t o cooperate with other nations i n space p a r t i c i p a t i o n a s w e l l a s i n t h e dissemination of f a c t s and t h e o r i e s gleaned from our space experience. man has now begun t o make t h e space f a r beyond t h e E a r t h ' s surface a p a r t of h i s l i b r a r y of education and h i s scope of achievement. Naw more than ever before t h e way of t h e f u t u r e must be t h e way of nations working together t o harness t h e forces of nature so t h a t t h e peaceful p u r s u i t s of mankind may f l o u r i s h . " D r . Welsh s a i d , "I would place high on t h e l i s t of b e n e f i t s those which flow from increased i n t e r n a t i o n a l cooperation i n t h e f i e l d of space. stimulated by t h e universal d e s i r e f o r knowledge [ i t ] has brought somewhat c l o s e r together t h e peoples of t h e world. as the p r a c t i c a l applications of space become more evident i n t h e form of weather predictions, communications, and increased knowledge of t h e world's l i m i t e d n a t u r a l resources, a d d i t i o n a l s t r e n g t h i s added t o t h e foundation f o r peace." ( ~ e x t ) ... ... ... Daniel and Florence Guggenheim I n t e r n a t i o n a l Astronautics Award of $1,000, made annually by I n t e r n a t i o n a l Academy of Astronaut ic s i n recognit ion of out standing contribution t o progress of space research and exploration over five-year period, was presen-t;ed Oct. 18 a t Congress banquet t o D r . Zdenek Svestaka of Astronomical I n s t i t u t e of Czechoslovak Academy of-Sciences. He was Chairman of Commission on Solar A c t i v i t y of t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l Astronomical Union. ( U P IAA Release 34; A M Release 10/13/68) Soviet s c i e n t i s t Prof. Leonid I. Sedov i n news conference s a i d "The question of U.S.S.R. was not i n race t o t h e moon with U.S. sending a s t r o n a u t s t o t h e moon a t t h i s time i s not an item on our agenda. The exploration of t h e moon i s possible, but it i s not a p r i o r i t y . " Prof. Sedov s a i d Soviet timetable f o r manned expendit i o n s would depend on next s e r i e s of f l i g h t t e s t s using Zond rocket. Zond V was successful, he said, "because t h e capsule returned s a f e l y , which was t h e purpose of t h e f l i g h t . " Regarding U. S. -U. S. S. R. �October 13-19 (continued) s c i e n t i f i c cooperation, "it' s successful implementation i s very much dependent on international relations." A t present, he said, close r e l a t i o n s did not e x i s t . (NYT, 10/15/68, 48) - Informal meeting of international space s c i e n t i s t s , organized by Northwestern Univ. UFO expert D r . J. Allen m e k , i n conjunction with IAJ? Congress, discussed advisability of world cooperation on UFOs. While several speakers urged international cooperat ion such a s uniform UFO report forms, it was agreed t h a t no action should be taken u n t i l a f t e r appearance of Univ. of Colorado report expected l a t e r i n year. ( ~ u l l i v a n ,NYT, 10/16/68, 12) - D r . Harold Masursky, U. S. Geological Survey astrogeologist reported analysis of data from spacecraft t h a t had orbited and crashed i n t o o r landed i n t a c t on moon had shown area was largely a basin similar t o t h a t of Pacific ocean. It seemed more l i k e e a r t h than had been previously believed. Lunar i n t e r i o r had been molten. Deep cracks i n i t s crust were l i n e d with c r a t e r s where molten material had erupted from below. He said study of remains of giant c r a t e r i n western Texas had shown features analagous t o lunar c r a t e r s with mountain i n center. ( ~ u l l i v a n ,NYT , 10/19/68, 19) - October 14: NASA successfully launched two Nike-Cajun sounding rockets two hours apart from Point Barrow, Alaska, t o 80-mi (128.8-km) a l t i t u d e s . Purpose of launch was t o obtain data on v a r i a t i o n of temperature, pressure, and wind p r o f i l e by detonating 19 grenades per rocket a t prescribed times and recording t h e sound a r r i v a l s on ground. Data would be compared with data from two launches t o be conducted from Churchill Research Range Oct. 15. Rockets and instruments performed s a t i s f a c t o r i l y ; sound a r r i v a l s were recorded f o r a l l grenade ejections. Good data were anticipated. (NASA Rpt s SRL) . Special committee of National Academy of Sciences had nominated Duke Univ. biochemist D r . Philip Handler, Chairman of National Science Foundation's National Science Board, t o succeed D r . Frederick Seitz a s NAS president. Election by mail b a l l o t would be held i n December. (NYT, 10/14/68, 33) . Barron's e d i t o r i a l c r i t i c i z e d concentration of space funding on manned lunar program r a t h e r than on military: "Congress i n i t s wisdom already has curtailed funds f o r manned f l i g h t s a f t e r t h e lunar landing-t h e so-called Apollo Appfications Program--and it could usefully wield �October 14 (continued) an even sharper axe. The money might f a r b e t t e r go toward t h e m i l i t a r y exploitation of space, which, f o r t h e past seven years, has suffered from dangerous neglect. Thus, out of t h e vast sums spent on space, a t most one d o l l a r i n s i x has had a military bearing. I n turn, with t h e possible exception of t h e Manned Orbital Laboratory. ..nearly every cent of t h e so-called military budget has gone f o r hardware with a passive o r defensive aim, notably s a t e l l i t e s f o r reconnaissance, communications, navigation and weather forecasting. I n s t r i k i n g contrast, t h e Soviet Union has developed and tested...a weapon a p t l y known a s Scrag, which can h u r l a guided missile carrying a nuclear payload of 15 megatons o r more i n t o a p a r t i a l o r b i t (hence, f r a c t i o n a l ) round t h e earth. To anyone i n h i s r i g h t mind, FOBS constitutes a gross v i o l a t i o n of t h e outer space t r e a t y , which prohibits t h e placing of nuclear warheads i n o r b i t . However, according t o t h e confused l e g a l eagles i n t h e S t a t e Department and Pentagon ( i f not t o some future hapless populace which finds i t s e l f on ground zero), anything l e s s than a f u l l o r b i t goes.... I n t h e i n t e r e s t of survival, here i s one balance the U.S. must move swiftly t o redress.... The f i r s t duty of government i s t o protect i t s people. Neither t h e Kennedy nor t h e Johnson Administrat ion has honored t h a t t r u s t . " (13arronts , 10/14/68, 15 . American Independent Party platform i n regard t o science and technology: "...Emphasis on t h e further exploration and u t i l i z a t i o n of space must be renewed. This, again, i s a highly competitive area between nations, but not f o r t h i s reason alone, but f o r t h e welfare and security of t h i s nation, we must not be lacking i n our e f f o r t s i n t h i s f i e l d . " [party had been organized by Alabama Gov. George C. Wallace who was i t s Presidential candidate. ] (WPost, 10/14/68, ~ 1 0 ) ... October 15: NASA launched two Nike-CaJun sounding rockets from Churchill Research Range t o obtain data on variation of temperature, pressure, and wind p r o f i l e by detonating 19 grenades per rocket a t prescribed times and recording sound a r r i v a l s on ground. Rockets reached 78.8-mi (126.8-km) and 77.8-mi (123.5 -km) a l t i t u d e s and performed nominally. Sound a r r i v a l s were recorded from a l l grenades. Data would be compared with data from Oct 14 Point Barrow, Alaska, launches. (NASA Rpt s SRL) . . NASA Nike-Tomahawk sounding rocket launched from NASA Wallops Station carried Univ. of Michigan payload t o 211-mi (340-km) a l t i t u d e t o investigate r o l e of quenching, dissociative recombination, ionospheric decay, and nonthermal electrons on airglow during decay period immediately following sunset. Rocket and instruments performed s a t i s f a c t o r i l y ; peak �October 15 (continued) a l t i t u d e was as predicted, and 570 sec of telemetry was received.' A l l measuring systems functioned properly and s c i e n t i f i c objectives were met. (NASA ~ p SRL) t . Kennedy Space Center Director, D r . Kurt Debus, said Saturn I B Launch Complexes 34 and 37 would be put on standby basis u n t i l beginning of Apollo Applications program i n l a t e 1970, with r e s u l t ant reduct ion of 1,315 personnel. Shutdown, forced by space budget cuts would save NASA $20, million. Some 10%of 2,400 contract work force would be affected, with 1,000 engineers and technicians continuing t o work i n other areas. Complexes t~leretohave been maintained i n event Saturn V launch vehicle encountered serious development problems, but D r . Debus said t h i s insurance was no longer needed. (KSCRelease 463-68; AP, B Sun, 10/16/68, ~ 7 ) - . U.K. Minister of S t a t e i n Ministry of Technology, J. P. W. Mallalieu, t o l d House of Commons U.K. would have t o pay U.S. equivalent of $60 million i n cancellation f e e s and other expenses connected with termination of i t s order f o r 50 F-111 a i r c r a f t Jan. 16, 1968. Order was valued a t $650 million but t h i s would have r i s e n t o $1b i l l i o n with computation of spares and 10-yr i n t e r e s t . (WSJ, 10/15/68, 17) Aerobee 150 M I sounding rocket launched by NASA from WSMR October 16: carried Lockheed Missiles & Space Co. experiment t o 96.6-mi (155-km) a l t i t u d e t o obtain quantitative measurements of spectrum and i n t e n s i t y of solar x-ray f l u x i n 2- t o 30-kev range, determine d i s t r i b u t i o n on sun, and observe g a l a c t i c x-ray sources. Rocket and instruments performed s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . A l l detection systems on payload acquired useful data. Communications, maintained with both s a t e l l i t e x-ray monitor and ground-based o p t i c a l observer, indicated sun was i n nonf l a r i n g s t a t e with increasing a c t i v i t y .on west limb. (NASA Rpt SRL) . Ray Cromley commented i n Washington Daily News: "It i s one of t h e tragedies of t h e moon race t h a t e a r t h s a t e l l i t e programs which could revolutionize c e r t a i n aspects of agriculture, mineral exploration, TV broadcasting, navigation, weather forecasting and flood control a r e being squeezed unmercifully by Apollo. It i s now clear t h a t these unpublicized, unromantic programs promise unbelievably large payoffs. The U. S. return. .has been conservatively estimated a t $400 million t o $1b i l l i o n f o r every $100 million invested af'ter f e a s i b i l i t y research i s completed. The investments could be private, public or a mixture of both." (W News, 10/16/68, 31) . �October 16: U.S. and Australia signed five-year agreement i n Canberra t o expand s c i e n t i f Tc cooperation through exchanges of s c i e n t i s t s and infomation. They agreed t o i n joint research p r o j e c t s and t o include s c i e n t i s t s and i n s t i t u t i o n s from other countries. i n ( ~ e u t e r s ,NYT, 10/17/68, 14) some projects. - . MSFC issued t o NAR's Rocketdyne Div. two contract modifications t o extend engine product ion and delivery. An $8.4-million supplement was awarded f o r extension of 5-2 engine-production through A p r i l 30, lg'i'0, because of o v e r a l l stretch-out of launch vehicle production. Under extension, 5-2 engine production would be cut from t h r e e engines per month t o one. Contract f o r F-1 engine d e l i v e r i e s was extended through June lg'i'0 under $4-million modification which decreased F-1 production r a t e from two engines per month t o one. (MSFC Releases 68-246, 68-247) . Experimental, miniature, deep-exploration submarine Alvin sank i n 4,500 f't o f water during launch operation 120 m i south of Cape Cod when cable holding it t o mother ship broke. No one was aboard. Woods Hole Oceanographic I n s t i t u t e , which operated vessel, expected t o recover it. (W Post, 10/17/68, A30; AP, W Star, 10/17/68, A l l ) - . 1968 Nobel Prize f o r medicine and physiology was awarded i n Stockholm t o D r . Marshall Warren Nirenberg, National Heart I n s t i t u t e ; D r . Har Gobind Khorana, Univ. of Wisconsin; and D r . Robert W. Holley, Salk I n s t i t u t e , f o r genetic research pointing way t o combatting hereditary i l l n e s s . (B Sun, 10/17/68, A3; Lee, NYT, 10/17/68, 1 ) - - October 17: NASA's ATS I'Vapplications technology s a t e l l i t e reentered e a r t h ' s atmosphere over t h e South A t l a n t i c southwest of St. .Helena island. Spacecraft, launched Aug. 10, had remained i n parking o r b i t , tumbling uncontrollably, when Centaur engines f a i l e d t o r e i g n i t e f o r (NASA Release 68-188) second burn. . NASA issued sumnary of combined findings of Accident Board and Review Board appointed t o investigate May 6 accident which destroyed Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRv) a t Ellington AFB. P i l o t , Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, had t o e j e c t few seconds a f t e r l o s s of helium pressure i n propellant tanks caused premature shutdown of a t t i t u d e control rocket system. Helium had been inadvertantly depleted e a r l i e r than usual i n f l i g h t . Armstrong incurred minor i n j u r i e s . Review Board, appointed by then NASA Deputy Administrator D r . Thomas 0. Paine t o study accident's possible impact on Apollo program, discovered no unfavorable e f f e c t s on lunar landing p r o j e c t , �October 17 (continued) p a r t i c u l a r l y lunar module. It agreed with Accident Investigation Board i n c a l l i n g f o r improvements i n design and operating practices i n LLRV and urged more stringent control over such f l y i n g programs and greater a t t e n t i o n t o a l l NASA lunar landing simulators. (NASA Release 68-182) ' . Atmospheric s c i e n t i s t s a t JPL and Ohio State Univ. announced successful high-altitude t e s t of balloon-borne spectrometer t o measure atmospheric r a d i a t i o n emitted i n four-micron region. Data, obtained on f l i g h t from National Center f o r Atmospheric Research Station a t Palestine, Tex. indicated sunlight reflected from e a r t h would pose no significant obstacle t o continuous effective operation of radiation sensors on spacecraft i n e a r t h o r b i t . Researchers concluded satellite-borne instrument could probe e a r t h ' s lower atmosphere t o provide b a s i s f o r global weather prediction. Test marked step i n NASA program t o define experiments. f o r manned earth-orbiting missions i n Apollo Applicat ions program. (NASA Release 68-176; Pasadena Star-News, 10/17/68) , October 18: RAM C-2 radio attenuation measurement mission launched Aug. 22 was adjudged successful by NASA. Good quality measurements of electron and ion concentrations i n flow f i e l d were obtained a t d i s c r e t e locations along t h e spacecraft; during reentry. (NASA Proj off) . XB-TOA, flown by NASA t e s t p i l o t Fitzhugh Fulton, successfully reached 52,000-ft; a l t i t u d e and mach 2.18 i n f l i g h t from Edwards AFB . t o evaluate ILAF-exiter vane systems, a i r vehicle performance, and handling qualit i e s . (XB-70 Proj o f f ) .U W announced l i f t i n g of three-week ban on F-111 f l i g h t s but reimposed severe l i m i t s on speeds and maneuvers-in force before h a l t . Restrict i o n s would be l i f t e d following reinforcement of high-stress area of wing box t o d i s t r i b u t e load more evenly. Investigation of Aug. 27 ground fatigue t e s t i n g f a i l u r e had shown it was "due t o an isolated small crack induced during manufacturing process i n t h e metal surrounding a b o l t hole." No other such imperfections had been found. USAF s a i d Sept. 23 F-1U. accident a t Nellis AFB had occurred when p i l o t l o s t control because of excessive rearward s h i f t of a i r c r a f t ' s center of gravity following f u e l t r a n s f e r t o which crew-had given inadequate attention. (DOD Release 947-68; Witkin, NYT, 10/19/68, 1; B -5Sun 10/19/68, 4; AP, W Post, 10/19/68, A l l ; ~ x a r 10/22/68, , ~ 9 ) - �October 18: ComSatCorp reported net income of $5,054,000 (50 cents per share) f o r f i r s t nine months of 1968. Income included $1,750,000 (17 cents per share) f o r t h i r d quarter. ( ~ o m ~ a t Release ~ o r ~ 68-56) . NASA announced it had released tracking ship USNS Watertown from p r i o r i t y r o l e of reentry support f o r Apollo missions, t h u s e f f e c t ing reduction i n operational costs required by budgetary curtailment s. Manned Space Flight Network land s t a t i o n s i n Pacific, Apollo tracking ship Huntsville, and Apollo range instrumentation a i r c r a f t would serve returning Apollo spacecraft landing i n preselected P a c i f i c area. (NASA Release 68-181) . Sen. Gordon L. A l l o t t ( R - ~ o l o). i n l e t t e r t o Science scored "Understanding Gap" between s c i e n t i f i c community and Congress and taxpayers "We a r e limited t o a great degree by revenue on Federal R&D -ding. taken i n by t h e Treasury i f we a r e t o make t h e financing of our n a t i o n a l debt manageable. Within our admitted lack of expertise, coupled with an appalling lack of national goals o r a system of p r i o r i t i e s , I t h i n k we do a f a i r job of spreading out t h e f e d e r a l d o l l a r . We could do b e t t e r , though, with some constructive help from t h e s c i e n t i f i c community from an objective and r e a l i s t i c a p p r a i s a l of t h e circumstances and of existing r e a l i t i e s , and we could b e n e f i t from t h e establishment of some system, e i t h e r a j o i n t Committee o r something similar, which would view research on an o v e r a l l b a s i s , which would review national goals and a s p i r a t i o n s and which might.. .make a s t a b at s e t t i n g up some type of p r i o r i t y l i s t . " U. S. "might well benefit if. .the s c i e n t i f i c community would become 'involved,' would drop t h e cloak of mystery, and take t h e time t o explain, not j u s t t o u s i n Congress, but t o M r . Taxpayer a s well, j u s t what it ' s a l l about. " (science, 10/18/68, 214-8) . U.S.S.R. launched Cosmos C W V I I I i n t o o r b i t with 543-km apogee, - - 473-km (293.9-mi) perigee, 94.7-min period, and 62.2O i n c l i n a t i o n . ( ~ n t e r a v i a A i r ~ e t t e i0/&/68, r, 6; 61, W post, l0/2l/68, All; GSFC SSR, 10/31/68) : - . USAF t e s t p i l o t Maj. W i l l i a m J. Knight was named 1968 winner of Harmon I n t e r n a t i o n a l Aviator's Trophy a s "worldts outstanding p i l o t f o r exceptional individual p i l o t i n g performance." He had p i l o t e d X-15 No. 2 t o 4,520 mph Oct. 3, 1967. Maj. Knight held both command p i l o t and USAF astronaut's command wings, having p i l o t e d research a i r c r a f t t o 280,000-ft a l t i t u d e . (NYT, - 10/20/68, 84; CSM, 10/21/68) ' �October 20: Cosmos CCXLIX was launched by U.S.S.R. i n t o o r b i t with. 2,158-km (1,304.9-mi) apogee, 491-km (304.1-mi) perigee, l12.1-min period, and 62.3O inclination. (AP, B Sun, 10/21/68, Ah; GSFC 10/31/68 ) - E, October 21 : ComSatCorp, on behalf of INTFLSAT consortiuma signed -lion contract with Hughes Aircraft Co. f o r construct ion of INTELSAT N s e r i e s of advanced comsats--four spacecraft and one prototype, with t e s t and ground equipment. ( ~ o m ~ a t ~ o r p Release 68-57) . Richard Witkin i n New York Times quoted "reliable sources" as saying Assistant Secretary of Defense f o r Systems Analysis, D r . Alain C. Enthoven, had forwarded paper t o Undersecretary of Defense Paul H. Nitze proposing f u r t h e r cuts i n F - l l l production, including cancellat i o n of interim bomber version. D r . Enthoven, s p e c i a l i s t i n calculating cost effectiveness of competing weapons systems, claimed many projected F - I l l missions could be performed by much cheaper a i r c r a f t (NYT, 10/21/68, 25 ; Business Week, such as Ling-Temco-Vought A-'7. 10126168) - October 21-25: A t F i r t h Annual Meeting and Technical Display of American i n Philadelphia, Boeing I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AN) Co. Vice President John M. Swihart announced abandonment of swing-wing design f o r SST i n favor of fixed-delta-wing a i r c r a r t with four independently mounted engines under triangular t a i l . Final detailed design would be given t o FAA by Jan. 15 deadline. New design differed from delta-winged Anglo-French Concorde and Soviet TU-144 i n wider wing span and horizontal t a i l which, according t o Boeing Vice Pr'esident i n charge of SST H. W. Withington, made possible superior control a t low speeds which compensated f o r more drag encountered with sweep-back angle of wing. Aircraft cost would be same as swing-wing, $40 million. It would carry same number of passengers, 280 o r more, a t - s&e maximum speed, 1,800 mph. 10122168, 77; UPI, W Post, 10/22/68, A l l ; AP, W -3S t a r 10 Dr. W i l l i a m H. Pickering, Director of J e t Propulsion Laboratory, received $5,030 AIAA Louis W. H i l l Space Transportation Award "for devising, developing and supervising significant space and s a t e l l i t e programs f o r m i l i t a r y and c i v i l i a n agencies of t h e United States Government.'' NASA Ames Research Center Director H. J u l i a n Allen was named Honorary Fellow of AIM, highest membership award given by I n s t i t u t e . It was presented annually t o two Americans and one foreign �October 21-25 ( continued) national. Other 1968 recipients were James S. McDonnell; chairman of Board, McDonnell Douglas Corp., and England's S i r Frank Whittle, often called f a t h e r of j e t engine. (AIAA Releases; ARC Release 68-15; ARC ~ s t r o g r a m ) October 22: D r . Wernher von Braun, Director of Marshall Space Flight Center, t o l d reporters before addressing Sales Executive Club luncheon i n New York, Apollo 7 f l i g h t had gone so well t h a t l e s s had been learned from it than expected. If there were any major flaws i n spacecraft they did not show up on t h e mission. Circumlunar f l i g h t i n gecember would be undertaken only i f study of could be done without unnecessary r i s k . (E, . DOD Systems Analysis Off i c e cost-effectiveness proposal submitted t o Secretary of Defense Clark Clifford called f o r elimination from budget of new nuclear submarines requested by Adm. Hyman Rickover, reduction i n funds already approved f o r purchase of antisubmarine weapons, and retirement of more than 20 diesel-powered submarines, said George C. Wilson i n Washington Post. Proposal, according t o sources, was t o postpone high-speed submarine and cancel development of "quiett' one. I t s . severity " i l l u s t r a t e s the money pinch t h e Pentagon f i n d s i t s e l f i n as it t r i e s t o cut b i l l i o n s from i t s f i s c a l 1969 budget a s well as t h e new budget." (W Post, 10/22/68, ~ 1 0 ) October 23: NASA successfully deployed 40-f't-dia parachute with predicted 10-lb-per-cubic-ft dynamic pressure a t mach 3.5. Parachute was ejected from five-foot-long cannister which had been propelled t o 33-mi a l t i t u d e by three-stage rocket launched from FTSMR. Test was t o determine possible use of parachute f o r aerodynamic deceleration i n planetary entry missions Another t e s t i n Project SHA.E (supersonic H i h Altitude Parachute Experiments) was scheduled f o r November. $NASA Release 68-185; AP, -9NYT 1 0 / ~ / 6 8 , 66 . . ATS IV mission (launched Aug. 10 and reentered Oct. 17) was adjudged a f a i l u r e by NASA. S a t e l l i t e had remained i n e l l i p t i c a l parking o r b i t instea* of entering planned synchronous o r b i t when Centaur engines f a i l e d t o r e i g n i t e f o r second burn. The r e s u l t i n g highly e l l i p t i c a l o r b i t precluded meaningful return of gravity gradient data. Day-night camera operated, but . a t t i t u d e dynamics precluded reception other than smeared u n i n t e l l i g i b l e pictures. E l e c t r i c a l operation of ion engines, microwave multiple access, and microwave wide band was verified. Boom camera returned good photos, including some of earth. (NASA Proj o f f ) . �October 23: NASA's HL-LO lifting-body vehicle, p i l o t e d by Maj. Jerauld R. Gentry (USAF) f a i l e d t o climb t o desired 45,000-ft a l t i t u d e a f t e r a i r launch from B-52 a i r c r a f t , apparently because of rocket engine malfunct i o n . Vehicle glided t o smooth 225-mph emergency landing on Rosamond Dry Lake. F l i g h t from Edwards AFB was t o have been HL-10's f i r s t powered f l i g h t . (NASA Proj Off; LCI Times, 10/24/68) , . Apollo 7 e d i t o r i a l comment: Washington Post: ". . , a s t h e men i n t h e space program go over t h e data on Apollo 7 and consider the a l t e r n a t i v e s of manned o r unmanned f l i g h t on Apollo 8, they must not allow anyone's d e s i r e t o beat t h e Russians, o r t o get around t h e moon by t h e end of 1968, o r t o fan public i n t e r e s t i n t h e future of space exploration t o e n t e r i n t o t h e i r calculations. Only i f they a r e convinced t h a t our knowledge i s s u f f i c i e n t , our spacecraft i s t o t a l l y adequate, and our men a r e ready should they give t h e go t o Astronauts Borman, Love11 and Anders f o r a Christmas t r i p i n t o space." (W Post, 10/23/68, ~ 2 4 ) Washington Evenin rtTo those who have made a close study of t h e space program, M. 1 Schirra i s t h e astronaut ' s astronaut; Walter + : t h e man whose a b i l i t y stands out i n t h a t company of t h e super-able. To those i n t h e know, Schirra i s t h e mischievous p e r f e c t i o n i s t , t h e naval o f f i c e r who l i v e s by t h e book when he i s n ' t t o o busy carrying out an elaborate p r a c t i c a l joke. But Schirra w i l l surely be remembered by t h e public a s t h e astronaut who caught cold, who growled when t h e alarm clock rang, and who blew up when he was pushed t o o f a r . And it may be t h a t S c h i r r a l s g r e a t e s t contribution t o t h e space program i s t h a t he, t h e most superlative of t h e supermen, f o r c e f u l l y demonstrated t o t h e world t h a t h i s i s completely and refreshingly human. " (W S t a r 10/23/68, ~ 2 0 ) -, Baltimore Sun: "The t o t i n g up and analysis of a l l t h e information brought home t h i s time must be l e f t to. t h e teams of experts. So must t h e decisions a s t o what comes next, and t h e planning such decisions c a l l f o r . The public i s content t o know t h a t t h r e e men i n a spaceship have added another brave and b r i l l i a n t chapter t o a h i s t o r y of which a l l of us a r e unreservedly proud. " (13 Sun 10/23/68, A6) . MSFC issued McDonnell Douglas Corp. -, $2,395,955 supplemental contract agreement Iar q u a l i f i c a t i o n t e s t program t o v e r i f y c a p a b i l i t y of maintaining S-IVB stage a u x i l i a r y propulsion system modules f o r up t o 90 days with propellants loaded. Award brought t o t a l value of (MSFC Release 68-252) contract t o $965,568,493. �X-15 No. 1, flown by NASA t e s t p i l o t W i l l i a m H. Dana, October 24: successfully reached 250,000-ft a l t i t u d e and 3,682 mph (mach 5.04) i n f l i g h t from Edwards AFB. Purpose of f l i g h t was t o conduct WTR experiment and check out fixed alpha cone and f l u i d i c probe. (X-15 Proj Off; AP, W Post, 10/25/68; 9, 10/29/68, 289) Minuteman I11 ICBM was successfully launched by USAF from . Second underground s i l o a t AFETR. F i r s t t e s t had been conducted Aug. 16. - (AFETR PIO; Reuters, P Inq, 10125168; SBD, 10/29/68, 289) . NASA was negotiating with General E l e c t r i c Co. f o r data management system costing i n excess of $750,000 f o r 15 mo. It would be used t o monitor data from Barbados Oceanographic Meteorological Experiment (BOMM) i n which NASA. would a s s i s t ESSA during 1969. Data from s a t e l l i t e s , f i v e t o seven ships, many buoys, and from high i n atmosphere t o bottom of ocean would be processed by system. (NASA Release 68-251) , . Rep. Alphonzo Bell ( R - c a l i f . ) t o l d American Astronautical Society meeting i n Las Angeles, "In evaluating space spending as a budget p r i o r i t y , it i s v i t a l t o consider t h e relationship of space t o defense Both Russia and t h e United S t a t e s have advance surveillance Both nations have almost unlimited plans f o r developing capacity. t h e i r c a p a b i l i t i e s i n t h i s area. Mutual d i s t r u s t i s j u s t one ,reason f o r t h i s . The other i s concern about t h e mounting capacity of other nations, p a t i c u l a r l y China, t o produce and d e l i v e r nuclear weapons. A s long a s t h e t h r e a t of nuclear war from any source continues, Russia and t h e United S t a t e s w i l l be producing ever more sophisticated ;That i s why t h e space program of t h e o r b i t a l ' s p i e s i n t h e skies. United S t a t e s never i s going t o be abandoned. It w i l l always be high on t h e l i s t of spending p r i o r i t i e s . The reason i s not charming, but basic. We need t o be i n space t o protect ourselves.. . I n t h e somewhat more d i s t a n t f u t u r e t h e harvest of human rewards...now only beginning.., w i l l prove t h a t space research and space applications j u s t i f y a continuing high p r i o r i t y . '' ( ~ e x;t Aero Daily, 10/29/68) .... ... .. . successfully launched by U. S. S.R. i n t o o r b i t with 191-km (118.7-mi) perigee, 88.6-min period, and 51.T0 i n c l i n a t i o n . S a t e l l i t e l a t e r was used i n rendezvous maneuvers with manned Soyuz 3 [see Oct. 26-30] and reentered Oct. 28. ( ~ a n n a n , W S t a r , 10/27/68, Al; SBD, 10/28/68, 2'79; GSFC SSR, 10/31/68) - - - �October 25: I n statement t o t h e p r e s s , Secretary of Defense Clark C l i f f o r d announced d e c i s i o n . t o proceed with program f o r t u r b i n e e l e c t r i c a l d r i v e [ q u i e t ] submarine. He had ordered construction of high-speed nuclearp r o p e l l e d a t t a c k submarine J u l y 1. h he close re-examination . . . j u s t completed has convinced me t h a t c o s t l y a s it i s [$I50 t o $200 m i l l i o n compared with $78 m i l l i o n f o r new Sturgeon c l a s s nuclear a t t a c k submarine], t h e r e i s no cheaper and e f f e c t i v e way t o achieve i n equal time d e s i r e d progress i n noise suppression. " (DOD Release 971-68) . iWSA announced t h a t H. J u l i a n Allen, r e t i r e a s D i r e c t o r of who joined NACA i n 1936, would Ames Research Center Nov. 15. ARC Associate D i r e c t o r John F. Parsons would serve a s Acting Director. Leading a u t h o r i t y on supersonic and hypersonic wind-tunnel design, Allen had o r i g i n a t e d concept of bluntness f o r r e e n t r y shapes--as used i n Apollo spacecraft--and had received NACA1s Distinguished Service Medal, NASA Medal f o r Exceptional S c i e n t i f i c Achievement, AIAA Sylvanus A. Reed Award, and A i r Force Assn.'s A i r Power Trophy. A f t e r h i s retirement (NASARelease A l l e n would be a v a i l a b l e t o NASA a s a consultant. SBD, 10/28/68, 272; NASA Ann) 68-183; - . New York Times e d i t o r i a l commenked on f a i l u r e of swing-wing design f o r SST: "More t h a n ever now t h e burden of proof i s on those who urge t h a t b i l l i o n s of taxpayers" d o l l a r s be spent on an American SST. The f a l i b i l i t y of t h e i r judgment has been demonstrated i n t h e l o s s of t h e swing-wing gamble. I s t h e r e reason t o suppose t h a t t h e i r o p t i m i s t i c f o r e c a s t s about t h e p r o f i t s t o be made from such an a i r p l a n e a r e any sounder? The aerodynamics of d i f f e r e n t wing configurations i s not t h e only t h i n g t h a t needs t o be assessed i n t h e current re-examination o f t h e SST." 10/25/68, 46) (x, . I n Washington Evening S t a r Carl T. Rowan wrote: "Some disenchanted Americans shake t h e i r heads a s t h e y note t h e poverty, t h e hunger, t h e sickness, t h e ignorance t h a t plague t h e e a r t h l i n g s about them, and t h e y ask what l o g i c provokes our government t o ignore c r i t i c a l problems a t hand while i n v e s t i n g v a s t sums i n space ventures of doubt f'ul value. .we have become an ' e i t h e r l o r ' society. .Even though our gross n a t i o n a l product i s now running a t a f a n t a s t i c l e v e l of $871 b i l l i o n a y e a r , it i s a b s o l u t e l y inconveivable t o most taxpayers t h a t we can have guns and b u t t e r , space s p e c t a c u l a r s Well, no man of v i s i o n , imaginaand dramatic domestic change t i o n , o r hope can p o s s i b l y b e l i e v e t h a t we a r e wrong t o search t h e darkest reaches of o u t e r space. .Who can say t h a t c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o medicine, t o weather c o n t r o l , t o science i n general, t o t h e problems of feeding man, t o n a t i o n a l defense, and u l t i m a t e l y t o peace may flow fYom t h e space program? The space program .. . .... .. ... �October 25 (continued) i s . . , ' i n h e r e n t l y and i n t r i n s i c a l l y , j u s t i f i c a t i o n enough f o r spending $340 f o r every man, woman, and c h i l d i n America. But a r e we not wise t o ask: what i s man p r o f i t e d i f he harness t h e universe and y e t f a i l t o conquer t h e meanness,. . t h e hatreds, t h a t dog those who i n h a b i t t h e earth?...Much of t h e p u b l i c i s not i n a mood t o finance anything e l s e . So we s h a l l be stuck with t h e o r d e a l of s e t t i n g p r i o r i t i e s where t h e r e i s scant room f o r making choices. " (W -9S t a r 10/25/68, . A15 . MSFC announced Boeing Co. contract modifications t o t a l i n g $4,652,364 f o r Saturn V R&D, t o : i n s t a l l over 4,000 instrumentation and d a t a a c q u i s i t i o n systems i n s p e c i a l 2nd stage s t r u c t u r a l t e s t v e r i f i c a t i o n program t o confirm design of l i g h t e r weight, more powerful 2nd stage f o r fourth ~ ~ o l l o / ~ a t u V rand n subsequent v e h i c l e s ; perform an abort and a l t e r n a t e mission a n a l y s i s f o r ~ ~ o l l o / ~ a t uv er hni c l e s 503 through 510; and perform r e l i a b i l i t y , q u a l i t y , and component q u a l i f i c a t i o n program, s p e c i a l prelaunch a n a l y s i s , telemetry systems, and Saturn V Apollo operations system s a f e t y program. T o t a l value of Boeing Saturn V systems engineering and i n t e g r a t i o n contract was now $213,443,238. (MSFCRelease 68-253) . USAF1s Space and M i s s i l e Systems Organization announced award of i n i t i a l increments t o cost -plus -f ixed-f ee c o n t r a c t s with McDonnell Douglas Corp : $5 -million increment was awarded t o $9,829,177 c o n t r a c t f o r r e e n t r y v e h i c l e developmental f l i g h t t e s t s ; $756,285 increment was awarded t o $1,739,105 contract f o r r e e n t r y v e h i c l e environmental components t e s t s . (DOD Release 974-68) . . Edward J. Schmidt, S p e c i a l A s s i s t a n t t o General E l e c t r i c Co.'s Vice President f o r R&D, was sworn i n by NASA Acting Administrator, D r . Thomas 0. Paine, a s consultant t o t h e Administrator i n management operations a s a f f e c t e d by s c i e n t i f i c and t e c h n i c a l information. (JYAsA. Release 68-189) .. October 26: Business Week e d i t o r i a l : ". since t h e tragedy on t h e launch pad. 1Jan. 27, 1967 1 NASA and i t s thousands of supporting companies have done a tremendous job i n r e b u i l d i n g t h e spacecraft and i n p e r f e c t i n g t h e s a f e t y and r e l i a b i l i t y of t h e e n t i r e Apollo system. The c l e a r message of Apollo 7 i s t h a t NASA now has a spacecraft t h a t can t a k e men t o t h e moon and back s a f e l y . This i s a triumph f o r NASA and f o r U. S. science, engineering, and management. (Business Week, 10126168) .. - �October 26-30: U.S.S.R. successfully launched Soyuz 3, carrying Cosmonaut Georgy T. Beregovoy, from Baikonur Cosmodrome with "a powerful rocket-booster," Tass announced. Spacecraft entered o r b i t "close t o t h e p r e s e t one," with 205-km (127.4-mi) apogee, 183-km (113.7-mi) perigee, 88.3-min period, and 51.7' i n c l i n a t i o n ; a l l equipment was functioning normally. Launch was f i r s t manned m ( ~ p r i 23-24, l 1967) i n which Cosmonaut Soviet mission since S Vladimir M. Komarov was k i l l e d when spacecraft crashlanded following reentry. Tass l a t e r announced t h a t during f i r s t revolution Soyuz 3 "approached" t o within 200 m (656 f t ) of unmanned So z 2 (launched Oct. 25), i n i t i a l l y by "an automatic sys&ubsequent operations were performed manually by Beregovoy. On Oct. 27, Tass s a i d , Beregovoy "independently oriented t h e ship i n space and switched on t h e motor, " t o a l t e r spacecraft ' s o r b i t ; continued conducting s c i e n t i f i c , t e c h n i c a l , medical, and b i o l o g i c a l experiments and research; transmitted TV p i c t u r e s of cabin i n t e r i o r ; and approached Soyuz 2 f o r second time before it reentered Oct. 28. So z 3 remained i n o r b i t u n t i l Oct. 30, completing 94 h r s 51 min *revolutions, before it softlanded "with t h e use o f aerodynamics," i n a p r e s e t a r e a i n Soviet t e r r i t o r y . F l i g h t was f i r s t successful manned docking f o r U.S.S.R. U.S. had conducted f i r s t manned docking March 16, 1966. ( ~ a n n a n ,W S t a r , 10/27/68, A l ; OtToole, W Post, 10/27/68, Al; Kamm, NYT, 1 m / 6 8 ; SBD, 10/28/68, 279; 10/3-297; AP, W Post, 1 0 / 2 8 m , A l ; GSFC 10/31/68) SW October 27: Lightweight p l a s t i c foam invented by ARC s c i e n t i s t s D r . John A. Parker and Salvatore R i c c i t i e l l o showed g r e a t promise f o r i n d u s t r i a l f i r e p r o t e c t ion, p a r t i c u l a r l y f u e l fiEes. Extremely l i g h t polyurethane with a d d i t i v e s formed tough, p r o t e c t i v e . char l a y e r when exposed t o flame, while simultaneously r e l e a s i n g f i r e extinguishing gases which helped t o quench flame. Used t o f i l l airspaces within s t r u c t u r e s , foam would prevent oxygen from reaching and feeding a f i r e . Demonstrations had shown it s u i t a b l e f o r f i r e p r o t e c t i o n i n a i r c r a f t , spacecraft, homes, and other s t r u c t u r e s . Other p o s s i b l e uses included automobiles, boats, t r a i n s , o i l r e f i n e r i e s , paint and chemical processing, and l a b o r a t o r i e s . Foam was r e s i s t a n t t o heat flow, making it an excellent i n s u l a t o r . (NASA Release 68-187 ) �October 27: I n New York Times a r t i c l e John N. Wilford s a i d some NASA Hq. o f f i c i a l s were " h e s i t a n t t o approve a l u n a r o r b i t mission out of f e a r of being c r i t i c i z e d f o r t a k i n g undue r i s k s by skipping prelimi n a r y t e s t f l i g h t s . They a r e worried about t h e s p a c e c r a f t ' s e l e c t r i c a l system, which developed some minor 'bugs' during Apollo 7 , and t h e propulsion system, even though t h e on-board rocket apparently performed w e l l i n e i g h t f i r i n g s during Apollo 7.'' I f l u n a r mission was decided on, it would probably be launched Dec. 21 when moon's p o s i t i o n t o e a r t h would r e q u i r e minimun midcourse rocket f i r i n g maneuvers f o r landing and l i g h t conditions would give good view of p o t e n t i a l l u n a r landing s i t e . F i r s t a s t r o n a u t s on moon were expected t o s t a y l e s s than 24 h r , t o demonstrate it could be done. I n time a s t r o n a u t s would make many r e t u r n t r i p s and would roam moon's surface i n "moon buggies." Day might come when people would e s t a b l i s h l u n a r colonies. (E, 10/27/68, 12E) . Dr. Lise Meitner, nuclear p h y s i c i s t who was f o r 30 y r s c i e n t i f i c p a r t n e r of D r . Otto Hahn, Nobel P r i z e winning discoverer of nuclear f i s s i o n , d i e d i n Cambridge, England, a t age 89. She had been forced t o l e a v e h e r work with D r . Hahn and f l e e Nazi Germany's antisemitism i n March, 1938, nine months before he announced r e s u l t s of experiments which i n d i c a t e d atom could be s p l i t . D r . Meitner was c r e d i t e d with having l a i d much of t h e o r e t i c a l groundwork f o r atomic bomb. Though it was she who named t h e phenomenon "nuclear f i s s i o n , " she took pains t o d i s a s s o c i a t e h e r work from t h e bomb i t s e l f . (NYT, 10/28/68, 1 ) - NASA o u t l i n e d s i x s t e p s which would l e a d t o f i n a l decision October 28: during week of Nov. 11 on next Apollo manned mission. Apollo 8, scheduled f o r December, was planned a s manned e a r t h - o r b i t a l mission on Saturn V vehicle. Because of Apollo 7 success, NASA was consideri n g a l t e r n a t i v e mission p o s s i b i l i t i e s : e a r t h - o r b i t a l mission deeper i n t o space, circumlunar flyby, and l u n a r o r b i t . S t e p s - - l a i d out by Associate Administrator f o r Manned Space F l i g h t , D r . George E. Mueller, and Apollo Program Director, L/G Samuel C. Phillips--were: detailed a n a l y s i s and review of Apollo 7 r e s u l t s - t o determine any necessary spacecraft changes; f i n a l c e r t i f i c a t i o n of s o l u t i o n s t o Apollo 6 problems; c e r t i f i c a t i o n of strengthened Saturn V 2nd and 3rd s t a g e f'uel l i n e s and elimination of pogo i n 1 s t stage; completion of ground t e s t s before Apollo 8 command and s e r v i c e module (CSM) c e r t i f i c a t i o n f o r l u n a r f l i g h t ; completion of f l i g h t computer programs f o r deep space and l u n a r missions; r e h e a r s a l of CSM operations t e s t s with mathematical models, and d e l i v e r y of Apollo 8 CM computer program; and completion of design c e r t i f i c a t i o n reviews of launch v e h i c l e and spacec r a f t subsystems. D r . Thomas 0. Paine, NASA Acting Administrator, �October 28 (continued) said, h he f i n a l decision on whether t o send Apollo 8 around t h e Moon w i l l be made a f t e r a thorough assessment of t h e t o t a l r i s k s involved and t h e t o t a l gains t o be r e a l i z e d i n t h i s next s t e p toward a manned l u n a r landing. We w i l l f l y t h e most advanced mission f o r which we a r e f u l l y prepared t h a t does not unduly r i s k t h e s a f e t y of t h e crew." (NASARelease 68-190; UPI, NYT, 10/29/68, 14) - . Washington even in^ S t a r e d i t o r i a l : "The Russians a r e going t o t h e moon j u s t a s f a s t a s t h e i r technology w i l l carry them.. .It i s , of course, impossible t o judge what l i e s ahead o r guess what problems e i t h e r nation may encounter before t h e lunar landings a r e carried out. But i f a l l goes well it looks a s though both nations might be ready t o go i n about a year. We would have no objection a t a l l i f a way could be found t o ' f i x ' t h e race, and an agreement reached t o make t h e landings l i t e r a l l y simultaneous. It would be one way of assuring t h a t neither nation would pursue t h e goal of n a t i o n a l p r e s t i g e t o t h e point of tragedy." (W S t a r , 10/25/68, ~ 1 0 ) . Republican Vice-Presidential . - candidate, Maryland Gov. Spiro T. Agnew, s a i d on v i s i t t o Manned Spacecraft Center during Houston campaign t r i p , "We w i l l not t o l e r a t e America becoming second best" i n our space (W Star, 10/29/68, A5; UPI, W News 10/29/68, 3) exploration. -, October 29: ESSA s a i d "very minor" s o l a r f l a r e reported a t 7 :18 am EST was accompanied by l a r g e radio burst t h a t could i n t e r f e r e with radio communication. It was t o o small t o a f f e c t U.S.S.R. Cosmonaut Georgy Beregovoy i n o r b i t . (UPI, W Post, 10/30/68, ~ 2 3 ) . French Defense Minister P i e r r e Messmer s a i d plans f o r 1969 hydrogen bomb t e s t i n g around Fangataufa A t o l l i n South Pacific would include miniaturization of H-bomb and perfection of ground-to-ground and sea-to-ground s t r a t e g i c missiles. France's f i r s t atomic submarine would s t a r t sea t e s t s , and second would b e launched. Military budget f o r 1969 allocated $1.3 b i l l i o n f o r nuclear weapons and delivery systems and $476 million f o r nuclear construction. (AP, B Sun, 10/30/68; W Post, 10/30/68, ~ 2 0 ) - . A.rmy Map Service technicians were building 22-' by 14-ft hand-carved model o f landing s i t e astronauts would see on approaching lunar " t a r g e t wea," t o a s s i s t NASA i n simulating manned landings on moon. Model, p a r t of lunar module simulator (LMS) would be constructed from h i g h - f i d e l i t y lunar r e l i e f map made from Orbiter IV and V photography. (DOD Release 966-68) , - �October 29: NASA announced retirement, e f f e c t i v e Nov. 1, of Werner R. Kuers, Director of' Marshall Space Flight Center's Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory since 1961. (MSFC Release 68-257 ; Marshall S t a r , 10/30/68, 1 ) - . MSFC awarded Boeing Co. $1,404,548 contract modification t o predict and evaluate o r b i t a l heating e f f e c t s of l i q u i d hydrogen boil-off, supply thermal c r i t e r i a , and p r o f i l e s r e l a t e d t o Saturn V 2nd stage, a s s i s t with Saturn V p r e f l i g h t reviews, and provide configuration accounting. Award brought t o t a 1 contract t o $212,128,585. (MSFC Release 68-256) October 30: Award of $70,000 Nobel Prizes i n physics and chemistry t o Univ. of California a t Berkeley Prof. Luis W. Alvarez and Yale Univ. Prof. Lars Onsager; respectively, meant U.S. had won a l l t h r e e Nobel science categories f o r 1968, a s it had i n 1946. Awards i n medicine and physiology [see Oct. 161 went t o U. S. g e n e t i c i s t s . D r . Alvarez was c i t e d f o r "decisive contributions" i n e a r l y 1960s t o physics of subatomic p a r t i c l e s and techniques f o r t h e i r detect ion. D r . Onsager was honored f o r findings published i n 1931 and sometimes regarded a s f o u r t h law of thermodynamics, "the r e c i p r o c i t y r e l a t i o n s of Onsager," which could determine i n t e r r e l a t i o n between voltage and temperature a s e l e c t r i c current flowed through metal wire. Awards would be presented i n Stockholm Dec. 10. ( ~ a n n a n ,W S t a r , 10/30/68, 111; Lee, NYT, 10/31/68, 1; OIToole, W Post, 1 0 / 3 1 / 6 8 , m ) - October 31: U. S. S. R. launched two Cosmos s a t e l l i t e s . Cosmos CCL entered o r b i t with 845-km (525.1-mi) apogee, 753-km (h69.7-mi) perigee, 100.6-min period, and 74' inclination. Cosmos CCLI entered o r b i t with 226-km (140.4-mi) apogee, 170-km (105.6-mi) perigee, 88.3-min period, and 64.7' inclination. Instruments were functioning normally. (GSFC SSR, 10/31/68 ; SBD, 11/4/68, 12) - . Dr. - W i l l i a m H. Pickering, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Director, and D r . Lee A. DuBridge,California I n s t i t u t e of Technology President, presided a t unveiling of h i s t o r i c a l marker a t JP'L commemorating t e s t - f i r i n g of rocket engine Oct. 31, 1936, by students of Cal Tech's Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory under t h e l a t e D r . Theodore von K&rm&. With f i r i n g , Cal Tech had become f i r s t u n i v e r s i t y a c t i v e l y t o sponsor rocket research. I t s work had gained Government sponsorship and l a t e r had l e d t o establishment of JPL. (JPL Release 492; Diebold, LA Times, 11/1/68) �October 31: National Academy of Sciences President, D r . Frederick S e i t z , announced W i l l i a m W. Rubey, professor of geology and geophysics a t Univ. of California, Los Angeles, had been named Director of Lunar Science I n s t i t u t e , Houston, Tex. NAS had accepted interim responsibili t y f o r operation of I n s t i t u t e u n t i l consortium o f ' u n i v e r s i t i e s could be formed t o assume i t s direction. Formation of I n s t i t u t e had been announced by President Johnson March 1, 1968, t o provide base f o r academic s c i e n t i s t s p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n lunar exploration program, working i n Lunar Receiving Laboratory, o r using other f a c i l i t i e s of Manned Spacecraft Center devoted t o study of t h e moon. It was t o serve a l s o a s center f o r analysis and study of lunar data obtained from NASA unmanned missions. (NASA Release 68-191; NAS el ease) During October : Soviet Science i n t h e News, Electro-Opt i c a l Systems, Inc., publication, s a i d review of Soviet t e c h n i c a l press indicated U.S.S.R. would attempt t o o r b i t manned space s t a t i o n within t h e year and t h a t it possessed "well-devised and thorougly r e a l i z a b l e designs." F i r s t "rooms" of s t a t i o n would comprise Cosmos o r Proton booster joined with Soyuz spacecraft. Additional rooms would combine s o l i d and i n f l a t a b l e elements l i k e polyethylene. Tests of water recovery systems i n P a c i f i c indicated broadening of Soviet techniques. Six vessels had been completed f o r ocean recoveries of spacecraft. Conclusion of Soviet s c i e n t i s t s t h a t weightlessness had adverse e f f e c t on human s k e l e t a l composition seemed t o indicate space s t a t i o n would use a r t i f i c i a l gravity. "Rotation of space s t a t i o n of from 40 t o 60 meters i n diameter would generate s u f f i c i e n t a r t i f i c i a l gravity t o allow l a r g e number of s c i e n t i s t s t o work i n space." (SSN, 10168, 1; Aero Daily, 10/16/68) - . DNASA r . Robert C. Seamans, Jr., MIT professor and consultant t o former Administrator James E. Webb, was nominated as AIAA President - 10/68, 106) f o r 1969. (M, �PROVISIONAL INDEX--OCTOBER 1968 AA. See Apollo Applications program. ABM. See A n t i b a l l i s t i c missile system. Accident a i r c r a f t , 336 Lunar Landing Research Vehicle, 335-336 spacecraft, 312, 321, 322, 343, 344 ACS. See Attitude control system. AEC. See Atomic Energ;y Commission. A e r i a l c a r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n (ACT) system, 327 Aerobee 150 M I (sounding rocket), 324, 334 Aeronautics 312-315, 324, 326, 342 AFETR. See A i r Force Eastern Test Range. AFSC. See A i r Force Systems Command. Agnew, Gov. Spiro T. , 346 Agreement, 316, 335 AIAA. See American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and Astronautics. A i r Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (AFCRZI), 327 A i r Force Eastern Test Range ( ~ E T R )341 , A i r Force Systems Command (AFSC), 313 A i r pollution, 328 A i r t r a f f i c control, 325 A i r c r a f t , 312-314, 318, 321, 324, 336, 339 A i r c r a f t c a r r i e r , 314 Airglow, 333 Airports , 325 Alabama, 333 All-weather landing system (AWLS), 314, 325 Allen, H. J u l i a n , 338, 342 A l l i s o n Div. General Motors Corp. 324 A l l o t t , Sen. Gordon L., 337 Alvarez Prof. Luis W. 347 Alvin ( submarine) , 335 American Astronautical Society, 341 American Federation of ~ e l e v i s i o nand Radio A r t i s t s , 328 American Independent Party, 333 323, 330-331, American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and Astronautics (A+), 338, 348 American Science and Engineering, Inc., 316 Ames Research Center (ARC), 338, 342 Anders, Maj. W i l l i a m A. (usAF), 340 Anderson, Sen. Clinton P. , 311 Anniversary, 311-312, 315 Antenna, 314, 317, 322 A n t i b a l l i s t i c m i s s i l e (AM) system, 319 , , - , , , �Apollo (program), 312, 317-318, 334, 335 Apollo 4 (AS-501) (spacecraft), 329 Apollo 5 (AS-204)~329 Apollo 6 (AS-502)~ 329, 345 Apollo 7 (AS-205) ( f l i g h t ) , 33-329, 339, 345 Apollo 7 (AS-205) (spacecraft), 329, 339, 340, 343, 345 Apollo 8 ( f l i g h t ) , 340, 345-346 Apollo Applications (AA) program, 317, 332-334, 336 Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM), 316, 317 Apollo 204 Review Board, 322 Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) ( ~ o h n sHopkins Univ.) Aeronautics Div., 327 ARC. See Ames Research Center. Arecibo Ionospheric Observatory, 314 Arkansas, 326 Armstrong, Neil A., 335 A r q r Map Service, 346 Astronaut, 312, 322, 327-329, 337, 340, 346 Astronomy, 314, 317, 323, 346 A t l a n t i c Ocean, 329 ATM. See Apollo TelescopeMount; Atomic bomb, 345 Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) 319 ATS I11 ( ~ ~ ~ l i c a t i Technology ons s a t e l l i t e ) , 329 ATS IV, 335, 339 A t t i t u d e c o n t r o l system (ACS) 324 Aurora b o r e a l i s , 316 Aurorae (ESROI) ( s a t e l l i t e ) , 316 ~ustralia, 330, 335 Avery, D r . W i l l i a m H. 327 Award, 311, 338 AWLS. See All-weather landing system. B-52 ( s t r a t o f o r t r e s s ) , 318, 340 Baikonur Cosmodrome, 344 Balloon, 336 Barbados Oceanographic Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX)341 B a t t l e , Lucius D., 315 B e l l , Rep. Alphonzo, 341 Beregovoy, Georgy T., 344; 346 Biosensor, 322 Boeing Co. , 319, 327, 338, 347 Boeing 707 ( j e t a i r c r a f t ) , 324 BOMEX. See Barbados Oceanographic Meteorological Experiment. Borman, Col. Frank (USAF), 340 , , , , �OCTOBER 1968 Budget, Bureau of, 316 Burke, Dr. Bernard, 314 CAAS. See Computer-aided approach spacing system. California Institute of Technology ( ~ a l~ech), 325, 347 California, Univ. of Berkeley, 347 Los Angeles, 323, 348 Cambridge, England, 345 Camera, 327, 339 Cape Cod, Mass., 335 Centaur (booster), 339 Chew, Peter T., 321 China, Communist, 341 Chrysler Corp., 327 Space Div., 315 Churchill Research Range, Canada, 333 Clifford, Secretary of Defense Clark, 339 College Park, Md., 321 Command module (cM), 328, 345 Command and service module (CSM), 327, 345 Communications, 322 Cornmunications satellite, 319-320, 338 Communications Satellite Corp. (~om~at~orp) , 319, 337, 338 Computer-aided approach spacing (CAAS) system, 325 Computers, 313, 314, 322 Concorde (u.K. -~rance)supersonic transport, 338 Congress, 311, 318, 326, 337 Congress, House Committee on Science and Astronautics, 315 Subcornittee on Advanced Research and Technology, 313-314 Congress, Senate, 315, 324-325 Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 316, 323 Committee on Armed Forces Preparedness Investigating Subcommittee, 321 Cooper, Sen. John S. , 319 Cornell Univ., 314 Cosmonaut, 321, 343-344, 346 Cosmos CCXLIV (u.s.s.R. satellite), 315 Cosmos CCXLV, 316 Cosmos CCXLVI, 320 Cosmos CCXLVII, 325 Cosmos CCXLVIII, 337 Cosmos CCXLIX, 338 Cosmos CCL, 347 Cosmos CCLI, 347 (iii) �OCTOBER 1968 Cromley, Ray, 334 9 CSM. See Command and service module. Cuba, 323 Cunningham, R. Walter, 327 Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Astronomical I n s t i t u t e , 331 Czechoslovakia, 323 Dana, W i l l i a m H. 341 Davies Merton E. 325 Debus, D r . Kurt, 334 Defense, Dept. of (DOD),313, 315, 319, 321, 333, 339 Denmark, 316 Drnitriyev, Prof. A. 325 Docking, 312, 327, 344 Drake, D r . Frank D. 314 DuBridge, Dr. Lee A. 347 Duke Univ., 332 Eclipse, lunar, 327 Education, 3=, 326 318, 336, 341 Edwards AFB, C a l i f . Eisele, Maj. Donn F, (USAF), 327 . Electro-Optical Systems, Inc., 348 Ellington AFB, Tex. 335 Engine, 324 Enthoven, D r . Alain C., 338 Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA) 341, 346 See Aurorae, ESRO I (ESROs a t e l l i t e) ESRO 11-B. See IRIS I. Europe, 329 European Space Research Organization (ESRO) 316 Exceptional S c i e n t i f i c Achievement Medal (NASA), . . 342 Explorer XXXVIII ( ~ a d i oAstronomy ~ x p l o r e r=-A), '322 Extravehicular a c t i v i t y , 311 F-1 (rocket engine), 335 F-111 (supersonic f i g h t e r ) 321, 336, 338 F-lllCy 324 Fangatauf a Atoll, 346 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 313-314, 325, 338 Ferguson, Gen. James (USAF), 313 F r a c t i o n a l Orbital Bombardment System (FOBS), 333 France, 338, 346 Frutkin, Arnold W., 315 Fuel c e l l , 322, 329 Gemini (program), 311-312 , , , , , , , , - , . , , �OCTOBER 1968 General E l e c t r i c Co., 341 General Motors Corp. A l l i s o n Div., 324 Goddard Space F l i g h t Center (GSFC), 329 Gravity, 314 Green Bank, W. Va., 314 GSFC. See Goddard Space F l i g h t Center. Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory ( ~ a ~le c h ) 347 Gulf of Mexico, 328 Hahn, D r . Otto, 345 Hailstones, 323-324 Handler, D r . P h i l i p , 332 Harmon I n t e r n a t i o n a l Aviator ' s Trophy, 337 H e l i c o p t e r , 329 Helium, 335 H i l l , Louis W,, Space Transportation Award, 338 Hines, W i l l i a m , 320 HL-10 ( l i f ting-body v e h i c l e ) , 318, 340 Holley, D r . Robert W . , 335 Houston, Tex., 322, 346, 348 Hughes A i r c r a f t Co., 319, 338 Humphrey, Vice President Hubert H., 311, 331 Hunt, Graham R . , 327 Hurricane Gladys, 328 Hydrogen bomb, 346 Hynek, D r . J. Allen, 332 Hy-personic a i r c r a f t , 312 IAF. See I n t e r n a t i o n a l Astronautical Federation. I n d i a n Ocean, 328 INTELSAT See I n t e r n a t i o n a l Telecommunications S a t e l l i t e Consortium. INTELSAT IV (communications s a t e l l i t e ) , 319 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Academy of Astronautics, 331 I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s t r o n a u t i c a l Federation Congress, 323, 330 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Astronomical Union Commission on S o l a r A c t i v i t y , 331 I n t e r n a t i o n a l cooperation, 332, 335 I n t e r n a t i o n a l cooperation, space, 311, 316, 331 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Telecommunications Sat e l l i t e Consortium (INTELSAT) 314, 338 Ionosphere, 316 I r a n , 330 IRIS I (ESRO11-B) (ESROs a t e l l i t e ) , 316 m c k e t engine), 329, 335 Jennings, Mark, 323 J e t Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) ( ~ a ~l e c h ) 338, 347 J o d r e l l Bank Experimental S t a t i o n , 330 Johns Hopkins Univ., 327 , . , , �OCTOBER 1968 Johnson, President Lyndon B., 3 U , 324-326, 348 Kennedy Space Center (KSC), 315, 323, 327, 329, 334 h o r a n a , D r . Har Gobind, 335 Knight, Maj. W i l l i a m J. (UW) 337 Komarov, Col. Vladirmir M. (U.S.S.R. ), 344 KSC. See Kennedy Space Center. Kuers Werner R. 347 Lannan, John, 312 _ Larsen, D r . Finn J., 313-314 Launch Complex 34, 327, 334 Launch Complex 37, 334 Launch vehicle, 311, 322 Leasco Systems and Research Corp., 321 . , Lewis Research Center ( L ~ R C )324 Lifting-body vehicle, 312, 318, 340 Ling-Temco-Vought A-7 ( f i g h t e r a i r c r a f t ) , 338 Lockheed Missiles & Space Co., 334 Los Angeles, Calif., 341, 348 Lovell, Capt James A. Jr. (USN) 340 Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRv) 335 Lunar Module (IN), 328 Lunar Module Simulator (LMS), 346 Lunar Orbiter IV, 346 Lunar Orbiter V, 346 Lunar Science I n s t i t u t e , 348 McDonnell Douglas Corp. 324, 339, 340, 343 McDonnell Douglas DC-8 ( j e t t r a n s p o r t ) , 324 McDonnell, James S., 339 Management, 3 l l Manke, John A., 318 Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) 333 Manned space f l i g h t , 311-312, 321, 322, 331, 343-344, 348 Manned Space Flight Network, 337 Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), 322, 329, 346, 348 Mansfield, Sen. Mike, 326 Mariner V probe), 317 Marks, Leonard H., 314 Mars tplanet), 317, 325 Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), 3 U , 314, 316, 335, 339, 340 Maryland, 346 Massachusetts I n s t i t u t e of Technology (MIT) 314, 348 Masursky, D r . Harold, 332 Meitner, D r . Lise, 345 Mercury (program), 311 , , , . , , , ; , enu us , �OCTOBER 1968 , Messmer, Defense Minister Pierre ( ~ r a n c e ) 346 Meteorological s a t e l l i t e , 312, 319 Meteorology, 312, 323-324, 328, 336, 341 Michigan, Univ. o f , 333 MiUy Way (const e l l a t ion), 323 Miller, Rep. George P., 311 Miniaturization, 312 Minuteman I11 (ICBM), 341 Missile, 319, 330, 341 See Massachusetts I n s t i t u t e of Technology. MIT. MOL. See Manned Orbiting Laboratory. Molniya 1-10 (u. S. S. R. communications s a t e l l i t e ) , 319- 320 Moon c r a t e r s , 327, 332 eclipse, 327 exploration of, 317, 325, 348 landing manned, 312, 318, 321, 322, 325, 327, 331, 332, 345 m a n n e d , 332 landing simulator, 335-336 landing s i t e , 345, 346 photographs, 346 surface, 327, 332 Moscow Univ., 331 MSC. See Manned Spacecraft Center. See Marshall Space Flight Center. MSFC. Mueller D r . George E. 322, 345 Murray, Bruce M., 325 See National Academy of Sciences. NAS. NASA Office of Tracking and Data Acquisition, 329 NASA O f f i c e of Manned Space Flight (OMSF), 329 National Academy of Sciences (NAS),317, 332, 348 National Aeronautics and Space Act, 312, 324 National Aeronautics and Space Administrat ion (NASA), 324-325 achievement s 311- 313, 315 326 anniversary, 3ll-313, 315 Apollo 204 Review Board, 322 award, 311) 338, 342 budget, 316-318, 327, 341 contract, 314-316, 319, 321, 324, 335, 340, 341, 343, 347 cooperation, 3 l l , 313 cooperation, international, 316 c r i t i c i s m , 321, 345 employment, 312, 327, 334 , , , , (vii) �OCTOBER 1968 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (continued) f a c i l i t i e s , 318 launch Apollo 7 (AS-502)~327-330 f a i l u r e , 319, 339 s a t e l l i t e , 315, 316 sounding rocket, 324, 333-334 Lunar Landing Research Vehicle, 3 5 - 3 6 personnel, 3159 320, 323, 342, 343, 347, 348 program aeronautics, 312, 313, 324 Ap0110, 312, 317-318, 3 q y 334, 335, 345-346 Apollo Applications, 317, 322-323, 334, 336 Apollo Telescope Mount, 316, 317 Gemini, 3U-312 Mercury, 311 NERVA, 317, 321 space biology, 317, 318 u n i v e r s i t y , 326 Semiannual Reports, 326 t e s t , 323-324, 339 National center f o r Atmospheric Research Station, 336 National Conference of United Press International Editors and Publishers, 322 National Heart I n s t i t u t e , 335 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 314 National Science Board, 332 National Science Foundat ion (NSF), 332 National security, 311 National Space Club, 311 Naval Research Laboratory, 324 N e l l i s AFB, Nev. 336 See Nuclear Engine f o r Rocket Vehicle Application. NERVA. New Mexico, 326 New York, N.Y., 323 Nike-Cajun (sounding rocket), 332, 333 Nike-Tomahawk (sounding rocket), 333-334 Nimbus B (meteorological s a t e l l i t e ) , 317, 319 Nimbus B2, 317 Nirenberg, D r . Marshall Warren, 335 Nitze, Paul H., 338 Nixon, Richard M., 311, 320, 326 Nobel Prize chemistry, 347 ' , ( v i i i) �OCTOBER 1968 Nobel P r i z e (continued) medicine and physiology, 335 physics, 347 Noise abatement, 312, 324 North Korea, 323 North American Rockwell Corp. Rocketdyne Div., 335 Northrop Corp., 330 Norway, 316 Northwestern Univ., 332 NSF. See National Science Foundat ion. Nuclear Engine f o r Rocket Vehicle Application (NERVA), 317, 321 Nuclear f i s s i o n , 345 Nuclear n o n p r o l i f e r a t i o n t r e a t y , 326 Nuclear submarine, 339, 346 Oceanography, 341 Ohio S t a t e Univ. , 336 Oklahoma, 326 Onsager, Prof. Lars, 347 P a c i f i c Ocean, 332, 337, 346, 348 Page Communications Engineers, Inc. 330 Paine, D r . Thomas O., 316, 335, 345-346 P a l e s t i n e , Tex. , 336 Parachute, 339 Parker, D r . John A. 344 Parsons, John F . , 342 P h i l a d e l p h i a , Pa., 323 P h i l l i p s , L/G Samuel C. ( u w ) , 345 Pickering, D r . W i l l i a m H., 338 P l a s t i c s 344 Point Barrow, Alaska, 332-333 P r a t t & Flhitney Div. United A i r c r a f t Corp. , 324 Press comment ~p011.o 7 ( s p a c e c r a f t ) , 330, 343 pol lo 7 " ( f l i g h t ) 340 l u n a r landing, 340 space program, n a t i o n a l , 332-333 supersonic t r a n s p o r t (SST) , 342 U. S. S. R. space program, 348 P r e s s conference, 331-332 Euerto Rico, 314 P u l s a r , 314, 330 Quasar, 314 Radar, 325 , , , , , �Radiation, 336 Radio Corp. of America (RCA), 314 Radio signal, 314, 325 Radioastronomy, 314 RAM C-2 (radio attenuation measurement) project 336 RAND Corp 325 Reconnaissance s a t e l l i t e , 333, 341 Reed, Sylvanus A. Award, 342 R e l a t i v i t y theory, 314 Rendezvous, 312, 328, 341 Research and development (R&D), 315, 318, 320, 325, 337 R i c c i t i e l l o , Salvatore, 344 Rickover, Adm. w a n G. (uSN), 339 Riegel, D r . K u r t , 323 Rogers, Rep. Paul G., 323 Rosamond D r y Lake, 340 Rowan, Carl T., 342-343 Rubey, Prof. W i l l i a m W., 348 Rusk, Secretary of S t a t e Dean, 323 SAGE (Semi-~utomat i c Ground ~nvironment) system, 313 S t . Helena Island, 335 Salisbury, John W., 327 Sales Executive Club, 339 Salk I n s t i t u t e , 335 San Miguel Island, 319 Saturn I workshop (spacecraft), 317 Saturn IB (uprated Saturn I) (booster), 315, 317, 318, 33', 329 Saturn V (booster), 311, 317-318, 343 Schirra, Capt. Walter M., Jr. (USN), 327, 340 Schmidt, Edward J. 343 Science, 320, 333 S c i e n t i s t s , 323, 330-331, 335 Scorpius, 324 Scout (booster), 316 Scrag (u. S. S.R. weapon), 333 Seamans, D r . Robert C., Jr., 348 Sedov, Prof. Leonid I., 331-332 S e i t z , D r . Frederick, 332, 348 Sent i n e l (missile), 319 SHAPE (supersonic High Altitude Parachute ~xperiment) project 339 Smart, Gen. Jacob E. (uSAF', Ret ) 313 Smith, Francis B., 326 Smith, D r . Graham, 330 SNAP-19 (nuclear generator), 319 , ., 5 , , ., , �OCTOBER 1968 Solar f l a r e , 346 Sounding rocket, 311, 324, 333-334 South Africa, 330 Soyuz 2 (u.s.S.R. s ~ a c e c r a f ' t ) , 341, 344 soyuz 3, 344 Space,biology, 317, 318, 322$ 348 Space, m i l i t a r y use o f , 332-333, 341 Space, peaceful use o f , 321, 326, 334, 342 Space program, national, 311-313, 316-317, 324-325, 332-3333 340-343 Space race, 326, 333, 334, 340, 346 Space rescue t r e a t y , 322 Space r e s u l t s , 311-313, 322, 326, 331, 334 Space s t a t i o n , 319, 333, 348 Space s u i t , 312 Spacecraft, 311, 312, 329, 339-341, 343-345 Sparkman, Sen. John J., 324-325 Spectrometer, 336 SST. See Supersonic transport. Stanford, Neal, 312 S t a r , 314, 323 S t a t e , Dept. of, 315, 323, 330, 333 Stennis, Sen. John, 323 Stockholm, Sweden, 335, 347 A Study of NASA University Pro~rams, 326 See SHAPE project. Supersonic High Altitude Parachute Experiment. Supersonic transport (SST), 312, 338, 342 Svestaka, D r . Zdanek, 331 Sweden, 316 Swihart John M. 338 Symington, Sen. Stuart, 315, 321 Systems engineering, 313 Technical Information Services Co., 321 Technology, 311-313, 320, 322, 326, 333 Telescope, 316 Television, 326-329, 334, 344 Texas, 326, 332 Thorad-Agena (booster ) 319 Tracking, 312, 318, 337 TU-144 (u. S. S. R. supersonic t r a n s p o r t ) , 338 Unidentified f l y i n g obj e d s (UFOS) , 332 United A i r c r a f t Corp. P r a t t & Whitney Div., 324 United Kingdom (u.K. ) 316, 330, 334, 338 Universities 311, 326, 347 , , , , , �USAF Space and Missile Systems Organizakion (SAMSO), 343 U. S A i r Force (uSAF) ' a i r c r a f t , 321, 336, 338 award, 337 contract, 343 cooperation, 313, 323 missile, 341 MOL, 333 Nimbus B review board report, 319 U.S. Geological Survey, 332 U. S Information Agency (usIA) 314 U. S. Navy (USN) 321 USNS Huntsville, 337 USNS Watertown, 337 U.S.S. Essex, 329 U . S . ~ . ~ x i o of n Soviet S o c i a l i s t ~ e p u b l i c s ) a i r c r a f t , 315, 338 cooperation, 332 launch s a te l l i t e C O S ~ O S , 315, 316, 320, 325, 337, 338, 347 . . , , soyuz 3, 344 science and technology, 320, 323, 331 space program, 325, 331-332, 341, 346 submarine, 315 weapons, 333 Venus (planet), 325 Vietnam War, 321 Vincent, Robert K. 327 Von Braun, D r . Wernher, 339 Von K h & , Dr. Theodore, 347 V/STOL a i r c r a f t , 312, 314 Wallace, Gov. George C., 333 Wallops S t a t ion (NASA), 323, 333 Washington, D. C. 311, 314 Webb, James E., 311, 318, 320, 322, 348 Weightlessness, 348 Welsh, D r . Edward C., 331 Western Test Range (WTR) 316, 341 White House, 311 White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), 339 Whittle, S i r Frank, 339 , , , (xii) �OCTOBER 1968 Wilford, John N., 345 Wilson, George C., 339 Wing, a i r c r a f t f i x e d d e l t a , 338 swing, 338, 342 Wisconsin, Univ. o f , 335 Withington, H. W., 338 Witkin, Richard, 338 Woods Hole Oceanographic I n s t i t u t e , 335 WSMR. See White Sands Missile Range. WTR. See Western Test Range. X-15 (rocket research a i r c r a f t ) No. 1, 341 No. 2 , 337 XB-70A (supersonic a i r c r a f t ) , 336 X-ray, 334 Zond V (u.s.s.R. space w robe), 325 ( x i i i) NASA-HQ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000120 Title A name given to the resource "Astronautics and Aeronautics October 1968: A Chronology on Science, Technology, and Policy (HHR-23)." Description An account of the resource Comment draft. Text drafted by Science and Technology Division, Library of Congress. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Library of Congress. Science and Technology Division NASA Historical Division (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-11-11 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn Project (U.S.) Science and state Space race Technology and state Type The nature or genre of the resource Chronologies (list) Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 29, Folder 18 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000119_000149 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/18004 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1264/spc_stnv_000121.pdf 7f318e13e693e729683f6aa694cc23cc PDF Text Text �N O V E M B E R 1968 �November 1: U.S.S.R. launched Cosmos CCLII from Haikonur Cosmodrome i n t o o r b i t with 2,148-km (1,334.7-mi) apogee, 531-km (330-mi) p e r i g e e , 112.4-min period, and 62.3' i n c l i n a t i o n . (SBD, - 11/4/68, 12; GSFC SSR, 11/15/68) - November 2: President Johnson presented NASA Distinguished Service Medal, NASA's h i g h e s t award, t o r e c e n t l y r e t i r e d NASA Administrator James E. Webb a t ceremony i n Johnson City, Tex. He a l s o awarded c l u s t e r t o NASA Exceptional Service Medal held by Apollo 7 commander Walter M. S c h i r r a , Jr., and Exceptional Service Medals t o Apollo 7 Astronauts R. Walter Cunningham and Donn F. E i s e l e . President s a i d U.S. was "ready t o t a k e t h a t f i r s t g r e a t s t e p out i n t o t h e s o l a r system and on t o t h e surface of t h e n e a r e s t of t h e many mysterious worlds t h a t surround us i n space." Noting t h a t Apollo 7 had logged more t h a n 780 man-hours i n space--more t h a n had been logged " i n a l l Soviet manned f l i g h t s t o date1'--and had accomp l i s h e d 56 mission o b j e c t i v e s , a s many " i n t h i s one f l i g h t a s were accomplished i n t h e f i r s t f i v e manned f l i g h t s of t h e Gemini spacec r a f t , " he s a i d : "This i s not import ant a s e i t h e r a game o r a c o n t e s t . But it i s important because t h e United S t a t e s of America must be f i r s t i n technology i f it i s t o continue i t s p o s i t i o n i n t h e world. I b e l i e v e today, a s I d i d when we had our o r i g i n a l heari n g s t h a t c r e a t e d t h e Space Administration, t h a t t h e United S t a t e s must be f i r s t . " President read c 2 t a t i o n presenting Medal t o Webb f o r "outstanding l e a d e r s h i p of America's space program from 1 9 6 1 t h r o u g h 1969, More t h a n any o t h e r i n d i v i d u a l he deserves t h e c r e d i t f o r t h e g r e a t achievements of t h e United S t a t e s i n t h e f i r s t decade of space, and f o r helpi n g man t o reach outward toward t h e s t a r s . " should, i n my view, be Webb responded: "The c i t a t i o n and medal converted i n t o some kind of holographic substance so it could be d i vided i n t o thousands of p a r t s and each p a r t should r e a l l y go t o an outstanding person i n NASA, i n our s c i e n t i f i c group, working i n our u n i v e r s i t i e s , and i n t h e g r e a t i n d u s t r i a l organizations of t h i s country t h a t have r e a l l y done t h e work." ( ~ e x t ) ... ... ... . In Prague newspaper Mlaba Fronta, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences' astronomer D r . L. Krivsky s a i d "very dangerous" r a d i a t i o n from s o l a r r a d i o storm might have forced premature ending of U.S.S.R.'s Soyuz 111 mission Oct. 30, He implied, s a i d New York Times, t h a t U.S.S.R. had e i t h e r been unaware o r had f a i l e d t o consider r a d i o s t o m f o r e c a s t f o r l a t e October. (NYT, 11/3/68, 35) - �I3usiness Week commented on r e s u l t s of "two bad decisions November 2: by of t h e f e d e r a l government. " Boeing Co. was scrapping - agencies swing-wing concept on SST i n favor of fixed-wing and "word seeped out of t h e Pentagon t h a t a r e a l f i g h t has developed over whether t o cut back production of F-111." How were such mistakes t o be prevented i n f u t u r e ? "One lesson t h a t emerges. i s t h a t t h e government must l e a r n t o avoid premature commitment t o any huge-scale p r o j e c t Another l e s s o n i s t h a t i n such major decisions, an independent, techn o l o g i c a l l y competent judgment should be brought t o bear on t h e i s s u e . On t h e F-111, t h e P r e s i d e n t ' s Science Advisory Council did not even look a t t h e design f e a t u r e s of t h e a i r c r a f t . On t h e SST, a Special P r e s i d e n t i a l Advisory Committee was s e t up, but it was chaired by [ t h e n Secretary of Defense Robert S. ] McNamara and w a s dominated by t o p Administration o f f i c i a l s . Such changes i n procedures may not wipe out a l l mistakes, but t h e y could g r e a t l y reduce t h e chances of astronomically c o s t l y blunders. " (Bus Wk, 11/2/68) ... .. .... President Johnson r e l e a s e d Noise--Soundwithout Value, November 4: r e p o r t of Federal Council f o r Science and Technology t a s k f o r c e , and challenged i n d u s t r y , u n i v e r s i t i e s , and public a u t h o r i t i e s t o a t t a c k noise i n environment from many sources. He d i r e c t e d Federal departments and agencies t o undertake o r expand noise abatement programs. Among recommendations endorsed by President, r e p o r t s a i d NASA should complete s t u d i e s of community response t o a i r p o r t noise, i n a d d i t i o n t o W, DOT, and HUD s t u d i e s of e f f e c t s . NASA and DOT should continue a i r t r a n s p o r t noise abatement research. DOD and NASA should continue t o study and s e t standards f o r noise i n s p e c i a l s i t u a t i o n s . DOT should develop sonic-boom- c o n t r o l standards. ( ~ e x;t PD, - 11/11/68, 1575-6) . New York Times e d i t o r i a l commented on award of a l l 1968 Nobel P r i z e s i n science and medicine t o U.S. c i t i z e n s : " . . . t h e r e a r e r e a l and important r o o t s of American s c i e n t i f i c prowess which need t o be understood and f o s t e r e d so t h a t f u t u r e achievement may match o r e x c e l t h a t of t h e p a s t . This country's h o s p i t a l i t y t o refugees from p o l i t i c a l tyranny and t o t h o s e seeking t o b e t t e r themselves economic a l l y has brought r i c h rewards p a r t i c u l a r l y i n science and technology. The n a t i o n ' s huge investment i n education has permitted a b l e young people t o develop t h e i r t a l e n t s . Generous Government support of b a s i c r e s e a r c h has given t h e n a t i o n ' s s c i e n t i s t s t h e t o o l s and t h e m a t e r i a l s e c u r i t y needed f o r t h e r e a l i z a t i o n of t h e i r p o t e n t i a l excellence. The abundant r e t u r n s from t h e s e p o l i c i e s provide good reason f o r maintaining them so t h a t American science can continue t o flower." (NYT, 11/4/68, 46) - �November 5: Soviet Academy of Sciences President Mstislav V. Keldysh t o l d Moscow news conference Soyuz 111 spacecraft flowri by Cosmonaut Georgi T. Beregovoy Oct. 30 was intended only f o r e a r t h o r b i t . He s a i d U.S.S.R. might send animal on l u n a r mission before sending human t o a s c e r t a i n t h a t cosmic r a d i a t i o n was not t o o dangerous. (AP, B Sun, 11/6/68, ~ 2 ) - . USAF awarded separate $3,941,500 c o n t r a c t s t o Westinghouse E l e c t r i c Corp. and Hughes A i r c r a f t Co. f o r 20-mo competition t o develop new a t t a c k r a d a r system f o r ZF-15A (formerly FX) advanced a i r s u p e r i o r i t y f i g h t e r a i r c r a f t . Awards were i n i t i a l obliga2;ions of c o n t r a c t s which would t o t a l $22 m i l l i o n during FY 1969 and FY 1970. Winner would be s e l e c t e d a f t e r f l i g h t t e s t s and evaluation of both radar prototypes. (ROD Release 1006-68; WSJ, 11/6/68, 13) - November 6: National Radio Astronow Observakory astronomers a t Green Bank, W. Va., d i s c l o s e d discovery of f i r s t p a i r of p u l s a r s , near Crab Nebula 6,000 l i g h t yr from e a r t h . Through a s s o c i a t i o n with t h e decayed s t a r , t h e y might provide clue a s t o p u l s a r s ' i d e n t i t y . ( ~ o h n , W Post, 11/7/68, ~ 4 ) . With t a s k of designing equipment f o r U.S. space program l a r g e l y over and because of c u t s i n NASA spending, hundreds of s c i e n t i s t s and engineers were l o s i n g t h e i r jobs o r g e t t i n g out "while t h e g e t t i n g i s good," s a i d P e t e r H. Prugh i n Wall S t r e e t Journal, ,Boeing Co. was l a y i n g o f f s e v e r a l hundred a t New Orleans and Cape Kennedy; i t s Huntsville work f o r c e was down from 4,600 i n 1966 t o 3,000, with more c u t s coming. Chrysler Corp. had cut employment a t New Orleans from 3,300 t o 1,500, while most of i t s 900 Cape Kennedy employees faced l a y o f f s o r s h i f t s t o o t h e r c i t i e s . Huntsville o f f i c e of Alabama S t a t e EmploymenC Service s a i d a r e a employment had declined 3,500 i n p a s t year with biggest drop i n aerospace f i e l d . Space s c i e n t i s t s and engineers were f i n d i n g even mundane jobs d i f f i c u l t t o l a n d because of t h e i r s p e c i a l i z e d s k i l l s and r e l a t i v e l y high s a l a r y demands. Exodus was worrying space experts, "who f r e t t h a t a new emphasis on U.S. space e f f o r t s o r new m i l i t a r y needs would leave compmies hard pressed t o f i l l t h e rows of desks being vacated 11/6/68, 1 ) now." (FISJ, . AFSC Commander, Gen. James Ferguson, addressing Fourth Biennial Guidance Test Symposium, Holloman U B , N.Mex., c i t e d m i s s i l e guidance needs and s a i d t h a t U. S. S.R. was 'horking night and day t o upset t h e s t a t u s quo. �November 6 (continued) There a r e a number o f p o s s i b l e advances o r even breakthroughs t h a t would give them decided advantages over us. We would be most unwise t o l e t them t a k e a l e a d i n technologythrough our l a c k of d e c i s i v e e f f o r t . We must, a t a l l times, maintain a t e c h n i c a l momentum i n o r d e r f o r our n a t i o n t o maintain adequate s t r e n g t h a c r o s s t h e e n t i r e spectrum of deterrence. It ( ~ e x) t . NASA announced appointment of D r . Mathias P. S i e b e l a s D i r e c t o r of Marshall Space F l i g h t Center's Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, r e p l a c i n g W. R. Kuers, who r e t i r e d Nov. 1. D r . S i e b e l had been Deputy D i r e c t o r of Laboratory since he went t o MSFC i n 1965. (MSFC Release 68-262) . Ham, an. f i r s t chimpanzee s u c c e s s f u l l y launched on space f l i g h t 31, 19611, was among f i v e g r e a t apes a t National Zoo who r e a c t e d p o s i t i v e l y t o t u b e r c u l o s i s t e s t s , according t o zoo v e t e r i n a r i a n , D r . Clinton W. Gray. Animals were under treatment and expected t o be f i t f o r e x h i b i t i n g again w i t h i n 60 t o 90 days. (schaden, W S t a r , 11/6/68, ~ 2 ) November 7: NASA Nike-Apache sounding rocket launched from UASA Wallops S t a t i o n c a r r i e d GSFC payload t o 64.4-mi (103.6-km) a l t i t u d e t o d e t e r mine absolute v a l u e of gcasitive ion concentration i n D and E regions o f ionosphere. Quadmpole mass spectrometer f o r measuring r e l a t i v e abundance of p o s i t i v e ions malfunctioned and, consequently, launch of two supporting r o c k e t s was postponed. Vehicle performance and t r a j e c t o r y were good and experimental r e l a t e d events functioned w e l l and on time. (NASARpt sRL) . Leading Soviet space s c i e n t i s t , Prof. Leonid I. Sedov, had t o l d Univ. o f Tennessee Space I n s t i t u t e p r e s s conference Zond V mission was " d e f i n i t e ~ y "precursor of deep space probes, Aerospace Daily reported. U. S. S. R. would send spacecraft around p l a n e t s and bring them back. Spacecraft would r e l a y d a t a from space and a l s o r e t u r n with s c i e n t i f i c inforrnat ion. ( ~ e r oDaily, 11/7/68, 29) . ASIC Astrogram r e p o r t e d s u c c e s s f u l completion of f i r s t i n s e r i e s of s t u d i e s by Ames Biomedical Research Branch i n which primates had keen r e s t r a i n e d i n c h a i r s f o r 98 days t o provide i n f o m a t i o n on calcium metabolism and bone m i n e r a l i z a t i o n when normal weight load on bones was alkered a s i n weightlessness i n space. Results showed t h a t with a p p l i c a t i o n of weight loads on c e r t a i n bones l o s s of calcium �November 7 (continued) i n u r i n e was within normal l i m i t s ; without load, c o n t r o l animal's calcium l o s s was elevated and l a s t e d throughout experiment. X-rays showed normal bone mineralization i n vertebrae and bones of loaded p i g - t a i l e d monkey, while unloaded animal sustained mineral l o s s . Studies would determine methods f o r prevention of bone changes and improve s a f e t y and e f f i c i e n c y of manned space f l i g h t s . (ARC Astrogram, 11/7/68, 2) . NASA. r e l e a s e d Delta launch v e h i c l e f o r Nov. 8 launch of Pioneer D a f t e r completion of "corrective a c t i o n s " t o prevent r e p e t i t i o n of v e h i c l e ' s f i r s t f l i g h t f a i l u r e Sept 18. Delta No. 59, carrying INTELSAT 111-A (ITJTELSAT III/F-l) , had been destroyed s h o r t l y a f t e r l i e o f f when v e h i c l e began breaking up. (NASA Release 68-195) , U. S. S. R. celebraked 51st anniversary of Bolshevist Revolution i n Moscow with m i s s i l e d i s p l a y which included no new weapons. (AP, W S t a r , 11/7/68, ~ 3 ) - NASA's Pioneer IX (pioneer D ) , f o u r t h i n s e r i e s of f i v e November 8: s p a c e c r a f t designed t o provide continuing measurements over t h e s o l a r cycle a t widely separated p o i n t s i n i n t e r p l a n e t a r y space, was s u c c e s s f u l l y launched from ETR by Thrust-Augmented Improved ThorDelta (DSV-3E) booster i n t o o r b i t around t h e sun. O r b i t a l parameters: aphelion, 0.99 astronomical u n i t s (au) , o r 92.04 m i l l i o n m i (148.10 m i l l i o n lim) ; p e r i h e l i o n , 0.75 au, o r 69.71 m i l l i o n m i (112.19 m i l l i o n km) ; period, 297.55 days ; and i n c l i n a t i o n 0.09' Test and Training S a t e l l i t e TETR 11, c a r r i e d pickaback on 2nd s t a g e , was s u c c e s s f u l l y e j e c t e d a f t e r 3rd stage burnout and entered o r b i t around e a r t h with 587.2-mi (945-km) apogee, 231.8-mi (373-km) perigee, 97.9-min period, and 32.8' i n c l i n a t i o n . S-band transponder was operating properly. TETR I1 was follow-on t o TETR I (formerly designated TTS I; launched pickaback on Pioneer V I I I -Dee. 13, 1967), which was highly successful i n t e s t i n g Apollo communicat ions network. Primary mission o b j e c t i v e of 147-1b , drum- shaped Pioneer IX was t o c o l l e c t s c i e n t i f i c d a t a on electromagnetic and plasma p r o p e r t i e s of i n t e r p l a n e t a r y medium f o r period covering s i x o r more passages of s o l a r a c t i v i t y centers. As secondary mission, Pioneer IX would: ( 1 ) acquire d a t a when highly s i g n i f i c a n t s o l a r event occurred; ( 2 ) r e f i n e primary determinations of e a r t h and moon masses, t h e astronomical u n i t , and o s c u l a t i n g elements of e a r t h 1s o r b i t ; (3) provide synoptic study of s o l a r - i n t e r p l a n e t a r y - �November 8 ( continued) r e l a t i o n s ; and (4) provide t a r g e t f o r checkout of Manned Space F l i g h t Network equipment and t r a i n i n g of operations personnel by launching Test and Training S a t e l l i t e a s secondary payload. Pioneer I X separat i o n , boom deployment, and f i r s t s o l a r o r i e n t a t i o n occurred a s planned and a l l e i g h t experiments were operating properly and r e t u r n i n g good data. Pioneer V I (launched Dec. 16, 1965 ) , Pioneer V I I (launched Aug. 17, 1 9 6 6 ) x P i o n e e r V I I I (laurlched Dec. 16, 1967) were a l l successf u l and were continuing t o t r a n s m i t e x c e l l e n t d a t a . Pioneer program was managed by ARC under OSSA d i r e c t i o n . (NASA P r o j Off; NASA Release 68-192; UPI, W News, 11/8/68; W Post, 11/9/68, A10; AP, LA. Times, 11/9/68; Lannan, W -9S t a r 11/11-17; S 3 11/12/68, 46; GSFC, -2SSR 11/15/68 . American Nuclear S o c i e t y held panel s e s s i o n i n Washington, D . C . , on "The U. S. Space Program: Achievements and Objectives. " D r . Edward C. Welsh, NASC Executive Secretary, declared, "We must s t e p up t h e r a t e a t which we t a p t h e v a s t p o t e n t i a l of nuclear i f we do not make energy f o r t h e space a c t i v i t i e s of tomorrow. g r e a t e r use of nuclear energy, we w i l l neglect our mission of l e a r n i n g r a p i d l y more and more about t h e s o l a r system i n which we l i v e and about t h e p l a n e t where we r e s i d e . I n t h e f i e l d of propulsion, chemical r o c k e t s , both l i q u i d and s o l i d , can be v a s t l y improved when combined w i t h t h e products of nuclear technology." Combining nuclear s t a g e w i t h Saturn V " w i l l g r e a t l y i n c r e a s e t h a t r o c k e t ' s power of achievement. This i s not only an opportunity t o i n c r e a s e t h e t h r u s t o f t h e rocket but a l s o t o i n c r e a s e i t s e f f i c i e n c y . Not only w i l l we have t h e v a s t power of t h e atom a t our command, but it w i l l be compact, s e l f - c o n t a i n e d , long l i v e d , h i g h l y maneuverable, and v i r t u a l l y independent o f i t s surrounding environment. . . .The p a r t n e r s h i p of atomic energy and space seems, t h e r e f o r e , t o be an e n t i r e l y n a t u r a l one. Space missions can grow w i t h t h e i r g r e a t l y enhanced c a p a b i l i t i e s i n s t e a d of being c o n s t r a i n e d by a l a c k of them. Atomic energy w i l l enable t h e space e f f o r t t o reach f o r t h e i n f i n i t e . " ( ~ e x t ) ... NASA Associate Administrator f o r Advanced Research and Technology James M. Beggs discussed " ~ e s e a r c hand Technology $or t h e Future": "The d i f f e r e n c e between success and f a i l u r e of [NASA]m i s s i o n s . . . l i e s i n our knowledge of t h e f l i g h t sciences and our s k i l l f o r applying t h i s knowledge t o t h e development and operation of space v e h i c l e s A n a t u r a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of technology i s i t s m u l t i a p p l i c a b i l i t y ; an improvement i n guidance o r communication equipment, f o r example, may f i n d many u s e s i n space missions a s w e l l a s non-aerospace a p p l i c a t i o n s . ..., �November 8 (continued) A key t o making t h i s process productive, a s measured by t h e c r e a t i o n of new knowledge and techniques, i s a continuing research program, well planned and w e l l supported, t h a t has a good balance between t h e e f f o r t i n t h e s c i e n t i f i c and engineering d i s c i p l i n e s and i n t h e technologies needed t o explore t h e unknown. " ( ~ e x t ) D r . Wernher von Braun, MSFC D i r e c t o r , said,I7The f i r s t p r a c t i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n o f space e l e c t r i c power systems, which have been under development over t h e p a s t 10 years, may well be found i n our second generation o r b i t a l space s t a t ion program. Consistent with our present e s t i m a t e s of s t a t i o n i n i t i a l power requirements , and allowing f o r growth, a zirconium hydride r e a c t o r coupled with a thermoelectric conversion system i s being studied f o r a p p l i c a t i o n on such a space Sun, 11/14/68, ~ 1 0 ) s t a t i o n . " ( ~ e x t ;Reuters, B - . MSFC announced Boeing Co. had been issued $239,000 contract f o r 10-mo study defining two-stage d e r i v a t i v e of Saturn V launch vehicle. With 1 s t (s-IC) and 3rd (s-IVB) s t a g e s and instrument u n i t of Saturn V, v e h i c l e could place up t o 158,000 l b i n low e a r t h o r b i t . Vsrying number of 3'-1 engines i n S-IC could t a i l o r vehicle t o s p e c i f i c missions Five-engine configuration could put i n t o o r b i t Saturn I Workshop with a i r l o c k and multiple docking adapter, plus Apollo Telescope Mount and Apollo CSM and three-man crew. Three Saturn I B v e h i c l e s would be r e q u i r e d t o do same job. Vehicle could resupply space s t a t i o n s and could be used f o r synchronous o r b i t s and unmanned moon and p l a n e t a r y f l i g h t s a t major savings over three-stage Saturn V. Two-stage v e r s i o n was c a l l e d , "Intermediate 20." With Centaur 3rd stage, v e h i c l e could send about 15,000 l b t o J u p i t e r o r Saturn. MSFC a l s o had signed $22,826,736 contract modification with North American Rockwell Corp. ' s Rocketdyne Div. f o r continued production support of J - 2 engines used on Saturn I B and Saturn V boosters. Modif i c a t i o n s would improve engines' v e r s a t i l i t y . (MSFC Releases 68-264, 68-266) , MS-NRC Space Science Board issued Physics o f t h e Earth i n Space--A Program of Research: 1968-1975, r e p o r t of NASA-supported study by 31 ' s c i e n t i s t s a t 'Woods Hole, Mass, Aug. 11-24. Report, dated October and f o u r t h by Board t o provide guidance f o r USA's programs i n space physics, s a i d r e s u l t s of decade of research by a r t i f i c i a l s a t e l l i t e s were "revolutionary; few of t h e concepts of t h e e a r l y 1950's have survived without major r e v i s i o n and t o t a l l y unexpected d i s c o v e r i e s have provided fundamentally new t h e o r e t i c a l challenges." And " r e s u l t s o f t o d a y ' s space research on t h e physics of t h e Earth i n space become t h e engineering design d a t a of tomorrow's c i v i l i a n �November 8 (continued) and defense a p p l i c a t i o n s programs, " Report defined program of s a t e l l i t e , space probe, and sounding rocket missions f o r concerted a t t a c k on questians of f'undamental p h y s i c a l mechanisms of sun-earth system, i n c o n t r a s t t o p a s t decade's e x p l o r a t o r y surveys. It emphasized coordinated i n v e s t i g a t i o n s , new experimental techniques, and major observation e f f o r t during 1974-1975 low s o l a r a c t i v i t y . Recommendations included continued NASA support f o r balloon, a i r c r a f t , and ground-based observations and of advanced development of spacecraft instruments; b e t t e r means of d a t a handling and adequate support f o r d a t a a n a l y s i s ; and r e s t o r a t i o n of NASA program of p r e d o c t o r a l t r a i n e e s h i p g r a n t s t o 1966 l e v e l . ( ~ e x)t . Astronomers reported i n Science conclusion n e i t h e r NASA's Mariner V (launched June 14, 1967, f o r flyby of planet enu us) nor U.S. S.R. ' s Venus I V (launched June 12, 1967) had reported atmospheric conditions near l e v e l of mean surface of p l a n e t . Von R. Eshleman and Gunnar Fjeldbo o f Stanford Univ., John D. Anderson and Arvydas Kliore of J e t Propulsion Laboratory, and Rolf B. Dyce of Cornell-Sydney Univ. Astronomy Center a t Arecibo (Puerto Rico) Ionospheric Observatory had made new determination of r a d i u s of p l a n e t , based on concurrent rangi n g from e a r t h t o Mariner V near encounter and t o surface of Venus. Extrapolations of measurements had given surface values f o r mid-latitudes of c l o s e t o 100 atmospheres pressure and Too0 K t e m p e ~ a t u r e (within loo0), r a t h e r t h a n Soviet values of 1 9 2 atmospheres and 544 f10' K. Soviet probe apparently was not designed t o work through such t h i c k atmosphere. Simple ambiguity (times two) i n Venus IV a l t i m e t e r reading could explain supposition t h a t probe reached Venus surface, "since t h i s would b r i n g a l l o t h e r d a t a i n t o e x c e l l e n t agreement. " (science, 11/8/68, 661-5) . At p r e s s conference, i n v e n t o r - s c i e n t i s t Stanford R. Ovshinsky described production of e l e c t r o n i c devices--including desktop computers; f l a t , t u b e l e s s TV s e t s t h a t could be hung on walls; and m i s s i l e guidance systems impervious t o d e s t r u c t i o n by man-made r a d i a t i o n . Devices were made of amorphous m a t e r i a l s whose e l e c t r i c a l p r o p e r t i e s d i f f e r e d from t r a n s i s t o r m a t e r i a l s . Balance of energy f o r c e s within amorphous g l a s s e s was such t h a t a p p l i c a t i o n of voltage of r i g h t minimum s t r e n g t h made m a t e r i a l switch from i n s u l a t o r t o conductor. (stevens, -NYT 2 11/11/68, 1 ) . American Telephone & Telegraph Co. s a i d it had asked FCC t o authorize i t s a c q u i s i t i o n of 70 a d d i t i o n a l s a t e l l i t e communications c i r c u i t s from ComSatCorp. Purchase would boost AT&T c i r c u i t s t o 396. (WXJ, 11/8/68, 5 - �November 9: Apollo 7 commander Walter M. S c h i r r a , Jr., received from I t a l i a n Ambassador t o U.S. Egidio Ortona gold medallion award by Assn. of Man i n Space, group of I t a l i a n s c i e n t i s t s and j u r i s t s , a t Washington, D. C., p a r t y i n h i s honor. ( ~ i l l i n g t o n ,W S t a r , ll./11/68, - ~'7 November 10: On nationwide "Meet The Press" TV interview, Astronaut Walter M. S c h i r r a , Jr. , commented on NASA budget c u t s : "We've b u i l t up a f a n t a s t i c technology [ b u t ] t a l e n t e d people a r e s t a r t i n g t o leave.. We should l e t it be known t h a t we a r e i n t h i s f o r t h e f u t u r e , not j u s t one f l i g h t . " Cost of manned missions was j u s t i f i e d i n quest f o r knowledge not only outward, but earthward, too. Astron a u t s were "looking a t p o r t i o n s of t h e e a r t h t h a t had never been documented before. A crew can see something and respond t o it, on e a r t h o r t h e moon." Fellow Apollo 7 crewman R. Walter Cunningham s a i d never had U. S. S. R. crewmen "functioned i n t h e sane o p e r a t i o n a l conditions a s we. " U. S. S .R. was p u t t i n g fewer higher t r a i n e d persons i n o r b i t , "serving mainly a s b i o l o g i c a l specimens. " (AP, W Post, 11/11/68, A2; AP, B Sun, 11/11/68, A5) .. - . NASA announced it soon would begin s e r i e s of t e s t f l i g h t s a t LaRC of XC-142 t i l t - w i n g VTOL a i r c r a f t on l o a n from USAF, t o determine operat i o n a l problems i n a i r p o r t terminal a r e a s during poor v i s i b i l i t y . XC-142, f o r which Ling-Temco Vought, Inc., was prime c o n t r a c t o r , was p r o p e l l e r d r i v e n and powered by f o u r GE turboshaft engines. NASA a l s o was t e s t i n g Ryan Aeronautical Co.'s XB-5A, which it had modified a s XV-5B, and Hawker Siddeley P-1127 vectored j e t VTOL a i r c r a f t . (NASARelease 68-194) , I n Sunday New York Times Walter S u l l i v a n described "The Sun-Spot Menace t o Astronauts. " Apollo 7 and U.S.S.R. ' s Soyuz 111 served a s reminders t h a t sunspots were reaching t h e i r 11-yr peak. I f eruptions were p a r t i c u l a r l y severe, protons were hurled out a t almost speed of l i g h t . These could p e n e t r a t e spacecraft. While Apollo 7 a s t r o n a u t s were never i n danger, Soviet spacecraft placed i n o r b i t s reaching north beyond l a t i t u d e 51° might "nudge zonet' within which protons e j e c t e d by sun " r a i n f i e r c e l y on t h e atmosphere." Major f l a r e had occurred Oct. 30. I f a s t r o n a u t s had been i n o r b i t - - p a r t i c u l a r l y i f t h e y had been o u t s i d e spacecraft-t h e y could have been subjected t o hazardous r a d i a t i o n . Many warnings preceded t h i s event. For moon journey it should be p o s s i b l e t o postpone o r cut s h o r t f l i g h t i f sun looked ominous. I n any miscalcuiation, r a d i a t i o n exposure t o a s t r o n a u t s i n s i d e spacecraft would be severe only during most i n t e n s e o u t b u r s t s . However, on prolonged journeys t o o t h e r p l a n e t s t h e r e would be no escape. "It may t h e r e f o r e be necessary t o �November LO ( continued) design t h e spacecraf't so t h a t a p o r t i o n of i t s i n t e r i o r w i l l be shielded from such r a d i a t i o n . " (NYT, - 11/10/68, 7 ~ ) November 10-17: Zond V I automatic space s t a t i o n was s u c c e s s f u l l y launched by U.S.S.R. and placed on lunar t r a j e c t o r y from parking o r b i t of another s a t e l l i t e t o explore o u t e r space and t e s t spacecraft systems, Tass announced. A l l equipment was functioning normally. Speculation, l a t e r confirmed, was t h a t spacecraft would attempt t o c i r c l e moon on same r o u t e taken by Zond V Xept 15- 21. On Nov. 1 4 Tass announced t h a t Zond V I had c i r c l e d moon a t minimum d i s t a n c e of 2,420 km (1,533.8 mi) and had conducted s t u d i e s of physical c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of near l u n a r space before continuing i t s journey back t o e a r t h . Zond V I r e e n t e r e d and softlanded i n a predetermined a r e a i n Central Asia Nov. 17. Unlike Zond V, which had plunged d i r e c t l y through upper atmosphere, Zond V I skipped across o u t e r l a y e r s of atmosphere t o reduce i t s r e e n t r y speed and t h e n resumed i t s descent with aerodynamic forces. Announcing recovery, Tass s a i d Zond V I had f o r f i r s t time t e s t e d a "more complex and promising method of t h e r e t u r n of spacecraft from i n t e r p l a n e t a r y t r a j e c t o r i e s - - t h e method of c o n t r o l l e d descent with t h e use o f aerodynamical l i f t i n g f o r c e (aerodynamical q u a l i t y ) of t h e descending c r a f t . he braking of t h e descending apparatus i n t h e atmosphere ...was e f f e c t e d along a t r a j e c t o r y with two immersions i n t h e atmosphere. During t h e f i r s t immersion.. . t h e second cosmic speed.. [ l l km per sec, 24,607 mph] was reduced t o 7.6 kilometers a second (17,000 mph) through aerodynamical braking. I n doing so, t h e descending apparatus was o r i e n t e d through t h e onboard c o n t r o l system i n such a way t h a t i t , passing through t h e dense l a y e r s of t h e atmosphere, l e f t them and next continued along t h e b a l l i s t i c t r a j e c t o r y u n t i l t h e second immersion... [ i n which] t h e f u r t h e r lowering of t h e descending apparatus was a l s o e f f e c t e d along t h e t r a j e c t o r y o$ c o n t r o l l e d descent with t h e use of aerodynamical q u a l i t i e s which ensured i t s r e t u r n t o t h e Earth i n t h e pre-set d i s t r i c t . " Zond V I was s i x t h spacecraft i n Zond s e r i e s [see Sept. 15-21]. (AP, W S t a r , 11/11/68, 1; NYT, 11/15/68, 8 ; GSFC SSR, 11/15/68, 11/30/68; Winters, B Sun, q 1 9 / 6 8 , I; Kamm, ~ ~ , - / 1 9 / 6 8 , 1; SBD, 11/19/68, 71-2) . .. . . ... - November 11: Senate Democratic Leader Sen. Mike Mansfield ( D - ~ o n t). i n i n t e r v i e w s a i d Senate debate on r a t i f i c a t iofi of nuclear nonproliferat i o n t r e a t y could begin before P r e s i d e n t - e l e c t Richard M. Nixon's �November 11 (continued) inauguration Jan. 20. He had asked speedy review by Foreign Relations Committee when Congress reconvened Jan. 3. (AP, W -S9 t a r 11/11/68, AT) November 12: NASA Acting Administrator, D r . Thomas 0. Paine, announced a t NASA Hq. news b r i e f i n g t h a t Apollo 8--carrying Commander Frank Borman, CM P i l o t James A. LoveLl, J r . , and LM P i l o t W i l l i a m A. Anders--would be launched from ETR Dec, 21 on open-ended l u n a r o r b i t a l mission of a t l e a s t s i x days. Spacecraft would c i r c l e moon 1 0 times a t 70-mi a l t i t u d e b e f o r e r e t u r n i n g t o e a r t h . D r . Paine explained: "After a c a r e f u l and thorough examination of a l l of t h e systems and r i s k s involved, we have concluded t h a t we a r e now ready t o f l y t h e most advanced mission f o r our Apollo 8 launch i n December, t h e o r b i t around t h e moon.... "We have reached t h i s conclusion a f t e r a long s e r i e s of i n t e n s i v e i n v e s t i g a t i o n s of t h e s t a t u s of our program, t h e f l i g h t hardware, ground support equipment, s t a t u s o f our t r a i n i n g . " L/G Samuel C. P h i l l i p s , Apollo Program Director, c i t e d two c a t e g o r i e s of new r i s k s with a l u n a r o r b i t a l mission: "In t h e one...the s p a c e c r a f t propulsion system must operate properly i n order t o propel t h e s p a c e c r a f t back out of l u n a r o r b i t and on i t s way back t o e a r t h . And t h e o t h e r category of r i s k s a r e those t h a t a r e inherent i n being some t h r e e days away from t h e e a r t h a s opposed to...between a h a l f an hour and t h r e e hours which t h e crew i s away from t h e e a r t h i n a low e a r t h o r b i t a l mission." Although increased r e l i a n c e would have t o be placed on dependability of l i f e support and e l e c t r i c power systems and mission would have t o t a k e on a d d i t i o n a l r i s k s , Gen. P h i l l i p s s a i d , h he progression of r i s k between t h e Apollo 7 mission which we have flown and t h e Apollo 8 mission which we have designed i s a normal progression o f r i s k s i n a l o g i c a l l y stepped development, f l i g h t t e s t program. " ransc script ; NASA Release 68-199; Schmeck, NYT 11/13/68, 1; OtToole, W Post, 11/13/68, 1; S e h l s t e d t , B Sun, l l m 6 8 , 1) - . Birni tgovernment i s h engineer Michael O'Bagan, manager of space and m i l i t a r y systems c o n t r a c t s dept. of Standard Telephone Cables Co., t o l d & Conservative P a r t y seminar i n London t h a t U.S. was " a c t u a l l y buying l a n d with mineral r i g h t s " i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s a f t e r using s a t e l l i t e s t o discover i t s l o c a t i o n . Hawker Siddeley Group Ltd. s c i e n t i s t K. C. C. Pardoe s a i d c o u n t r i e s could use s a t e l l i t e s t o spy on r i v a l n a t i o n s ' crops and decide b e s t time f o r marketing. ( ~ e u i e r s ,W Post, 11/13/68, A25 ) �November 12: FAA issued 1968 e d i t i o n of S a t i o n a l Airport Plan, annual assessment of c i v i l airport; needs f o r commercial and p r i v a t e f l y i n g . U. S. would r e q u i r e 806 new a i r p o r t s--including 22 f o r a i r l i n e t r a f f i c and 748 f o r general aviation--during next f i v e years t o r e l i e v e congestion and accommodate growth. Plan included recommendation f o r 25 STOL p o r t s i n heavily congested a r e a s . (FAA. Release 68-74) . Office of S e c r e t a r y of Defense issued l i s t of LOO companies and subs i d i a r i e s awarded l a r g e s t d o l l a r volume of m i l i t a r y prime c o n t r a c t s of $10,000 o r more i n FY 1968. T o t a l of t h e s e was $26.2 b i l l i o n , over FY 1967. U. S. companies received $38.8 b i l l i o n , 1% l e s s than i n FY 1967. No. 1 on l i s t was General Dynamics Corp., F - l l l m a n u f a c t u r e r with $2.24 b i l l i o n i n c o n t r a c t s ; No. 2 , , Lockheed A i r c r a f t Corp., $1.87 b i l l i o n ; No. 3, General E l e c t r i c Co., $1.49 b i l l i o n . McDonnell Douglas Corp. f e l l from f i r s t place i n 1967 t o f i f t h with $1.1b i l l i o n . ( ~ e x t ;Wilson, W Post, 11/19/68, D7; WSJ, - 11/19/68, 27) 1.s . New York S t a t e Supreme Court J u s t i c e Abraham N. Geller issued temporary order blocking s a l e of Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory t o ED? Technology, Inc. , Washington, D. C. , f o r $25 million. Order had been requested by S t a t e Attorney General Louis J. Lefkowitz, who a l l e g e d a l t e r t i o n of Laboratory from p u b l i c purposes t o p r o f i t making organization would be a "major change detrimental t o t h e n a t i o n a l i n t e r e s t , t o t h e q u a l i t y and e f f e c t i v e n e s s of t h e l a b o r a t o r y and t o t h e . . .public. " New York S t a t e had sought t o purchase f a c i l i t y but was r e p o r t e d l y unable t o match EDP Technology Inc. ' s o f f e r . (AP, E, 11/13/68, 11) November 12-14: Twelve nations attending Third European Space Conference i n Bonn decided t o work toward c r e a t i o n of s i n g l e European Space Aut h o r i t y , i n e f f o r t t o end dependence on U.S. space research. Committee was appointed t o d r a f t convention f o r new body encompassing 6-nation ELDO, 10-nation ESRO, and 12-nation CETS and functioning somewhat l i k e NASA. Member n a t i o n s would be f r e e t o choose programs they would support--which could mean small group would work on launchers a s w e l l a s working with number of other nations on space a p p l i c a t i o n s and research. Day preceding conference, EIlDO meeting had resolved, with B r i t a i n abstaining, t o proceed with launcher development on s c a l e designed t o hold down c o s t s . B r i t a i n had proposed European nations abandon p r o j e c t , r e l y on U.S. boosters, and concentrate on space a p p l i c a t i o n s , p a r t i c u l a r l y comunicat ions. B r i t a i n agreed, however, t o f u l f i l l commitment t o support launcher program u n t i l 1971. (W Post, 11/15/68, A2O; Greenberg, Science, 12/6/68, 1108-9) �November 13: U.S.S.R. launched Cosmos CCLIII from i n t o o r b i t w i t h 337-km (209.4-mi) apogee, 216-km 90-min period, and 65. bU i n c l i n a t i o n . Equipment and s a t e l l i t e r e e n t e r e d Nov. 18. (s& 11/14/68, 11/15/68; 11/30/68) P l e s e t s k Cosmodromone (134.2-mi) perigee, functioned normally 53; GSFC -3SSR . NASA announced it had assigned Astronauts Thomas P. S t a f f o r d , John W. Young, and Eugene A. Cernan a s prime crewmen f o r Apollo 1 0 mission, scheduled f o r second q u a r t e r of 1969 a s second manned f l i g h t of l u n a r module. Backup crew would be Astronauts L. Gordon Cooper, Donn F. E i s e l e , and Edgar D. Mitchell. F l i g h t crew support team was Astronauts Joseph H. Engle, James B. Irwin, and Charles M. Duke, Jr. Mission p r o b a b i l i t i e s ranged from e a r t h o r b i t a l operations t o l u n a r o r b i t a l f l i g h t , with separation and docking of command and s e r v i c e module and l u n a r module. (NI~SARelease 68-201; AP, W S t a r , 11/14/68, A7; W P o s t , 11/14/68, 812; AP, NYT, 11/14/68, 21; S e h l s t e d t , B -' Sun l l / l ~ l ) . WSA's HL-10 lif'ting-body v e h i c l e , flown by NASA t e s t p i l o t John S. Manke, completed f i r s t powered f l i g h t af'ter a i r launch from B-52 a i r c r a f t near Lancaster, Calif., t o demonstrate successful operation of XLR-11 rocket engine and t o i n v e s t i g a t e e f f e c t s of engine operation on b a s i c s t a b i l i t y and c o n t r o l of wingless v e h i c l e . Manke s a i d c r a f t climbed and maneuvered i n "marvelous f a s h i o n . " Increased performance expected i n successive f l i g h t s would simulate l i f t i n g - b o d y spacecraft during t e r m i n a l p o r t i o n of f l i g h t . Manke i g n i t e d two of four chambers i n HL-10's rocket engine and climbed from 35,000 t o 43,250 f't, reaching t o p speed of 610 mph (mach 0 . 8 ) during 184-sec engine burn. Eventually speeds of 1,000 mph and a l t i t u d e s t o 80,000 f t were expected. Oct. 23 HL-10 f l i g h t had ended with e a r l y shutdown of rocket engine. (NASA P r o j Off; NASA Release 68-198; FRC Release 26-68; AP, B -3Sun 11/14/68, A10; LATNS, W Post, 11/14/68, ~ 2 2 ) . NASA Associate Administrator f o r Space Science and Applications, D r . John E. Naugle, addressed I n t e r n a t i o n a l Meeting of American Nuclear Society, Washington, D.C. I n p a s t decade NASA had developed "impressive c a p a b i l i t y " i n "competent and c r e a t i v e people who make up our government-university-industry team." It was "prepared t o accomplish any g o a l i n space e x p l o r a t i o n which t h e new administrat ion may e s t a b l i s h . " BASA f u t u r e included "broad, balanced, P l a n e t a r y Program" emphasizing Mars but examining o t h e r p l a n e t s l i k e Mercury and J u p i t e r ; major l u n a r e x p l o r a t i o n program i n 1970s; astronomy program covering �November 1 3 (continued) o p t i c a l astronomy, x-ray and gamma r a y f i e l d s , and low-frequency r a d i o astronomy; and increased emphasis on space a p p l i c a t i o n s programs, with major e f f o r t s toward surveying e a r t h ' s resources from space and continui n g developments i n meteorology and communications. ( ~ e x) t . Dr. Abe S i l v e r s t e i n , D i r e c t o r of Lewis Research Center was announced a s winner of Rockefeller Public Service Award i n science category. He had supervised p l a n s f o r r o c k e t i n s t a l l a t i o n on Lunar O r b i t e r and Surveyor spacecraft. Leonard C. Meeker, S t a t e Dept. l e g a l a d v i s e r , won award i n f o r e i g n a f f a i r s and i n t e r n a t i o n a l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n f o r h i s work on 1967 space law treaty. (W P o s t , 11/14/68, ~ 7 ) . New York Times e d i t o r i a l , ''After t h e Lunar Landing, " s a i d f i r s t p r i o r i t y would -probably t o study of moon's surface and resources. "Beyond - go t h i s e x p l o r a t i o n , t h e moon--once a c c e s s i b l e t o men--will immediately become a l a b o r a t o r y world f o r expanding knowledge i n a s t r o n o w , physics, chemistry, geology and a host of o t h e r sciences. For both purposes. it w i l l be d e s i r a b l e t o c r e a t e one o r more permanent manned communities on t h e moon a s soon a s p o s s i b l e . . . A s t h e pioneers i n space, t h e United S t a t e s and t h e Soviet Union have t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y now t o begin o r g a n i z a t i o n of t h e v a s t i n t e r n a t i o n a l e f f o r t t h a t must f o l l o w t h e coming triumph of human courage and human ingenuity. And t h e United Nations, of course, i s t h e body whose f l a g must f l y over f u t u r e l u n a r s e t t l e m e n t s and whose. .i n s t i t u t i o n s must be harnessed t o t h e t a s k o f meeting t h e e x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l problems ahead. " (E, 11/13/68, 40) .. . . . Purdue Univ. Prof. James E. E t z e l s a i d i n Evanston, I l l . , i n t e r v i e w t h a t technique f o r processing sewage sludge by bombarding it w i t h i o n i z i n g r a d i a t i o n from chemical e m i t t e r of gamma r a y s could save $1b i l l i o n a y e a r i f used by a l l U.S. c i t i e s . Process was pioneered by E t z e l and Gordon S. Born of Purdue i n cooperation with Jerome S t e i n , d i r e c t o r of R&D f o r Chicago S a n i t a r y D i s t r i c t . D i s t r i c t was giving t o p p r i o r i t y t o p l a n , which would c u t solid-waste-processing c o s t s by more t h a n h a l f . Treated sludge would be completely d i s i n f e c t e d , o d o r l e s s , and compressed t o 1 / 3 i t s volume under process which Prof. E t z e l s a i d "we t h i n k . . . r e p r e s e n t s t h e most s i g n i f i c a n t use of i s o t o p e s t h e Atomic Energy Commission has y e t seen." ( ~ a n d a l ,W S t a r , 11/14/68, ~ 5 ) - . US@ F-5 awarded $8.5 m i l l i o n a d d i t i o n t o c o n t r a c t with Northrop Corp. f o r aircraft. (E, 11/13/68, 7 ) �November 14: NASA announced it had authorized JPL t o proceed with cons t r u c t i o n of two Mariner spacecraft f o r 1971 Mars o r b i t with funds a l l o c a t e d under approved FY 1969 NASA appropriations b i l l . I n combined mission t o a s s i s t i n e s t a b l i s h i n g touchdown s i t e s f o r 1973 Mars l a n d e r mission, s p a c e c r a f t would be launched by Atlas-Centaur b o o s t e r s i n t o o r b i t around Mars t o examine Mars p o l a r cap, provide h i g h - r e s o l u t i o n coverage of s e l e c t e d a r e a s , and permit oblique views of broad a r e a s of Mars' surface and, possibly, i t s moons, Phobos and Deimos. Each s p a c e c r a f t would complete t r i p from e a r t h t o Mars i n s i x months, w i t h May 1971 launch and November 1971 a r r i v a l , and would o r b i t Mars f o r t h r e e months o r more. (NASA Release 68-196; B Sun, 11/14/68, A10; W Post, 11/14/68, ~ 1 6 ) - Washington Evening S t a r e d i t o r i a l commented on scheduled December launch of Apollo 8: " . . . t h i s promises t o be one Christmas when t h e thoughts o f a l l . . . w i l l contain more t h a n v i s i o n s of sugarplums, of laden stockings, o f g i f t s about t o be received and b i l l s about t o come due. It i s , i n f a c t , j u s t p o s s i b l e t h a t NASA w i l l succeed i n p u t t i n g t h a t missing i n g r e d i e n t back i n t o t h e yule season, and t h a t more prayers w i l l be o f f e r e d t h i s Christmas t h a n a t any time i n t h e p a s t 2,000 years. " (W -3S t a r 11/14/68, ~ 1 4 ) . At hearing of Congressional J o i n t Economic Committee's Subcommittee on Economy i n Government, A. E. F i t z g e r a l d , Deputy f o r Management Systems i n USAF f i n a n c i a l o f f i c e , s a i d u l t i m a t e cost t o DOD of 58 C-5A cargo a i r c r a f t might be "10C$ above t h e o r i g i n a l estimate" of $1.279 b i l l i o n f o r Lockheed A i r c r a f t Corp. airframes. General E l e c t r i c Co. estimate of $459 m i l l i o n f o r engines was not expected t o double, he s a i d . I n c r e a s e r e s u l t e d from r i s e i n manufacturing c o s t s , higher subcontracti n g p r i c e s , and r i s i n g a d m i n i s t r a t i v e c o s t s , r a t h e r t h a n gross o r i g i n a l underestimate, although t h e r e was probably some o r i g i n a l underestimate on Lockheed's p a r t . F i t z g e r a l d s a i d DOD was weighing a l l f a c t o r s before deciding a c t i o n on o p t i o n f o r 62 a d d i t i o n a l C-5As which would expire B Sun, 11/14/68, Alp; AP, NYT, ll/14/68, 10; P o r t e r , - . Soviet a v i a t i o n e x p e r t s t o l d Pravda t h e y had s u c c e s s f u l l y t e s t e d "ornithopt e r , " a i r c r a f t which flew by waving i t s wings l i k e a b i r d . Craft was s a i d t o have "withstood a l l aerodynamic t e s t s " and t o have g r e a t e r l i f t i n g power t h a n o r d i n a r y a i r c r a f t . Fravda s a i d t e s t "opens-unheard of prosp e c t s . " (UPI, P Inq, 11/15/68) - �November 15: NASA Aerobee 150 M I sounding rocket launched from WSMR c a r r i e d Princeton Univ. Observatory experiment t o 108-mi (174-km) a l t i t u d e t o o b t a i n W r a d i a t i o n of b r i g h t s t a r i n c o n s t e l l a t i o n Cassiopeia, using g y r o - s t a b i l i z e d spectrograph, ACS, and recovery system. Rocket and instruments performed s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . ACS s t a b i l i z e d rocket on t a r g e t a t s t a r . Spectra were obtained on t h r e e exposures and payload was recovered i n e x c e l l e n t condition. (NASA Rpt SRL) . MXII r e l e a s e d plans f o r l u n a r landing experiments. F i r s t U.S. a s t r o n a u t s t o l a n d on moon i n 1969 would place t h r e e s c i e n t i f i c experiments on l u n a r surface i n s t e a d of more complex Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) o r i g i n a l l y planned. Change was n e c e s s i t a t e d by u n c e r t a i n t i e s i n workload required t o deploy ALSEP by a s t r o n a u t s i n p r e s s u r i z e d s u i t s on moon's surface. Mission's primary o b j e c t i v e would be t o prove Apollo system by achieving successful moon landing and s a f e r e t u r n t o earth. During f i r s t landing, two a s t r o n a u t s would l e a v e s p a c e c r a f t f o r up t o t h r e e hours on moon's surface, making observations and photographing a r e a i n v i c i n i t y of landed s p a c e c r a f t , c o l l e c t i n g s o i l and rock samples, and deploying experiments. S c i e n t i f i c and medical d a t a would be obtained a t each of i n c r e a s i n g l y complex l e v e l s of a c t i v i t y on expenditure of a s t r o n a u t s ' energy, monitoring t h e i r a b i l i t y t o perform i n vacuum, extreme temperature, and 116 g r a v i t y f o r planning of longer, more complex missions. Experiments were (1)passive seismometer (self-contained 100-lb seismic s t a t i o n with earth-moon communications l i n k , designed t o l a s t up t o one y e a r ) , (2) 70-lb l a s e r ranging r e t r o - r e f l e c t o r , and ( 3 ) l - l b solar-wind-composition experiment. They would provide d a t a on i n t e r n a l a c t i v i t y of moon; d a t a t o improve measurement of earth-moon d i s t a n c e and f l u c t u a t i o n of e a r t h ' s r o t a t i o n r a t e and measurement of v a r i a t i o n s i n g r a v i t a t i o n a l constant G, a s w e l l a s t o t e s t t h e o r y of i n t e r c o n t i n e n t a l d r i f t by d i r e c t measurements from d i f f e r e n t continents ; and would entrap noble gases (helium, neon, krypton, xenon) from s o l a r wind f o r analysis. I n second l u n a r landing mission, a s t r o n a u t s would deploy f u l l geophysical s t a t i o n o r ALSEP and conduct d e t a i l e d f i e l d geology i n v e s t i g a t i o n . (NASA Release 68-200) U. S. S. R. ' s Zond V automatic space s t a t i o n [see Sept. 15-21] had c a r r i e d f i r s t l i v i n g organisms--wine f l i e s , t u r t l e s , meal worms, p l a n t s , b a c t e r i a , and seeds--around moon and returned them s a f e l y t o e a r t h , Pravda announced. T u r t l e s had l o s t about 10% of t h e i r body weight but remained very a c t i v e and showed no l o s s of a p p e t i t e . Preliminary blood t e s t s i n d i c a t e d no s u b s t a n t i a l deviation from l a b o r a t o r y c o n t r o l animals, but a n a l y s i s of t e s t t u r t l e s 21 days a f t e r f l i g h t revealed excess glyco en and i r o n i n t h e i r l i v e r s . (AP, W S t a r , 11/15/68, A4; B Sun, 11116768, A.4) - - �November 15: NASA Honor Awards ceremony was h e l d a t Washington, D . C . , with D r . Thomas 0 . Paine, Acting Administraftor, making t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n s . Alexander H. Flax, A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y of t h e A i r Force ( ~ e s e a r c hand ~ e v e l o ~ m e)n,t was guest speaker. Distinguished Service Medal, TJASA1s h i g h e s t honor, was presented t o S e c r e t a r y Flax; Edmond C. Buckley, former NASA Associate Administrat o r f o r Tracking and Data Acquisition; Paul G. Dembling, NASA General Counsel; and Abe S i l v e r s t e i n , D i r e c t o r of Lewis Research Center. NASA Exceptional S c i e n t i f i c Achievement Medal went t o LeRC's G. Mervin A u l t , Edmond E. Bisson, and John C. E w a r d ; JPL1s Richard M. Goldstein, Alan Rembawn, Lewis I). Kaplan, and Conway W. Snyder; MSFC' s Otto A. Hoberg and Hans H. Hosenthien; LaRC' s Mark R. Nichols; ARC'S W i l l i a m A. Page and John A. Parker. Exceptional Service Medal r e c i p i e n t s were : Ma,c C. Adms, Walter Boone, Richard L. Callaghan, Arnold W. F r u t k i n , A l f r e d S. Hodgson, Mildred V. Morris, Boyd C. Myers, Hq.; Robert M. Crane (posthumous), W i l l i a m R. S c h i n d l a r , Michael J. Vaccaro, ARC; Robert J. Darcey, Herman E. LaGow, Robert J. McCaffery, GSFC; P h i l i p Donely, Paul F. Fuhrmeister, Harry H. Hamilton, LaRC; Robert C. Duncan, E l e c t r o n i c s Research Center; Fred H. Felberg, Alvin R. Luedecke, JPL; Arthur Rudolph, MSFC; Hubert Ray S t a n l e y , Wallops S t a t ion. Group Achievement Award went t o Apollo 7 F l i g h t Operations Team, I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n Ships Team, Mariner Occultation Experiment Team, OGO P r o j e c t Team, Sonic Boom I n v e s t i g a t i n g Team, and .Surveyor . Team. (Program; M S C Release 68-267 ; Marshall S t a r , 11/13/68, 1; Pasadena Independent, 11/15/68 ; ARC Ast rogram, 1 1 m 6 8 , 1 ) . Dr. R. G. McIver, head of aeromedical r e s e a r c h a t Holloman AFB, N.Mex., s a i d t e s t s on chimpanzees had shown a s t r o n a u t experiencing sudden decompression o u t s i d e s p a c e c r a f t might l i v e a t l e a s t t h r e e minutes i n t o t a l vacuum, g i v i n g h i s companions time t o g e t him i n s i d e p r e s s u r i z e d cabin. S u r v i v a l of a s t r o n a u t s i n ruptured space cabin would depend on presence o f one man wearing space s u i t and t h u s a b l e t o p l a c e o t h e r crewmen i n s u i t s a f t e r t h e y l o s t consciousness. E a r l i e r , s c i e n t i s t s had p r e d i c t e d sudden d e a t h f o r a s t r o n a u t s experiencing space vacuum decompression. Revised e s t i m a t e s of l i f e expectancy were based on (A?, B Sun, simulated space capsule experiments with 150 chimps. 11/16/68, ~ 4 ) . Science e d i t o r i a l on NASA a d m i n i s t r a t i o n : "In terms o f numbers of d o l l a r s o r o f men, NASA has not been our l a r g e s t n a t i o n a l undertaking, but i n terms of complexity, r a t e of growth, and t e c h n o l o g i c a l s o p h i s t i Keeping a l l of [ i t s ] p a r t s - - o f t e n working c a t i o n it had been unique r i g h t a t t h e edge of t e c h n o l o g i c a l knowledge and c a p a c i t y - - f i n e l y .... �November 15 ( cont inued) tuned and i n c l o s e harmony has been an organization achievement o f high order....Ever s i n c e t h e space program began t o t a k e shape t h e r e has been t a l k of t e c h n o l o g i c a l spin-offs. It may t u r n out t h a t t h e most valuable spin-off of a l l w i l l be human r a t h e r t h a n t e c h n o l o g i c a l : b e t t e r knowledge of how t o plan, coordinate, and monitor t h e multitudinous and v a r i e d a c t i v i t i e s of t h e organizations required t o accomplish g r e a t s o c i a l undertakings. " ( ~ o l f l e ,Science, 11/15/68, 753) . I n Washington Post George C. Wilson s a i d Secretary of Defense Clark C l i f f o r d ' s o f f i c e had recommended cutback i n USAF1s order f o r FB-111, bomber v e r s i o n of TFX, from 253 t o 90, a saving of $1.5 b i l l i o n . While DOD was under pressure t o reduce spending by $3 b i l l i o n , s a i d Wilson, argument "goes t o t h e h e a r t of t h e s t r a t e g i c question of unmanned m i s s i l e s v s . manned bombers. " (W Post, 11/15/68, 1) . DIrnadf ti aU.N. r e s o l u t i o n approved by I t a l y , Japan, Yugoslavia, Pakistan, , B r a z i l , Argentina, Chile, and Mexico and c i r c u l a t e d t o members of Geneva Disarmament Conference s a i d nuclear n o n p r o l i f e r a t i o n t r e a t y and i t s s e c u r i t y guarantee, a s signed by 80 c o u n t r i e s , were not good enough. It c a l l e d f o r f u r t h e r disarmament measures and t r a n s f e r s of n u c l e a r technology. Although r e s o l u t i o n d i d not d i r e c t l y challenge t r e a t y , it d i d t e n d t o r a i s e new o b s t a c l e s t o r a t i f i c a t i o n by some important c o u n t r i e s . U.S., U.K., and U.S.S.R. had i n d i c a t e d opposit i o n t o t h e resolution. ( d e ~ n i s ,NYT, 11/17/68, 3) - . Formal establishment of Science and Public Policy S t u d i e s Group tempor a r i l y housed a t MIT became e f f e c t i v e . Designed a s focus of i n t e r e s t and information f o r s c h o l a r s , u n i v e r s i t i e s , and government o f f i c i a l s engaged i n t e a c h i n g and research i n science and p u b l i c p o l i c y , group would organize symposia, a c t a s c l e a r i n g house f o r information, f a c i l i t a t e exchange o f experience and i d e a s f o r academic courses, and develop p r i o r i t i e s f o r science and p o l i t i c a l p o l i c y research. Any u n i v e r s i t y with a c t i v e teaching and r e s e a r c h program i n science and p u b l i c p o l i c y could become a f f i l i a t e . Some 50 had i n d i c a t e d i n t e r e s t . Funding f o r two-year period was from u n i v e r s i t y contribut i o n s and matching Sloan Foundation g r a n t . Prof. Eugene B. Skolnikoff of MIT would serve a s chairman. ( ~ r o ~u n~ n ) . Director Frank Drake of Cornell Univ. Radio Astronomy Observatory a t Arecibo, Fuerto Rico, t o l d meeting of Council f o r t h e Advancement of Science Writing a t Evanston, I l l . , t h a t p u l s a r discovered Nov. 1 4 near Crab Nebula was almost c e r t a i n l y a neutron s t a r . It was second discovery during week [ s e e Nov. 6 1 and was l o c a t e d by Arecibo r a d i o dish telescope. ( ~ a n d a l ,W Post, 11/16/68, A5; S u l l i v a n , NYT, 11/23/68, 31) �November 15: Lockheed A i r c r a f t Corp. President A. Carl Kotchian t o l d Tokyo p r e s s conference he hoped discussions under way between Japamese i n d u s t r y o f f i c i a l s would l e a d t o j o i n t space program t o produce booster rocket and space vehicle s u i t a b l e f o r Japan's general space requirements. (DJNs, W S t a r , 11/17/68, ~ 1 3 ) - . Edward Wenk, Jr., Executive Secretary of Marine Resources Council, t o l d new American Oceanic Organization i n Washington, D.C., "We a r e ready f o r t h e next s t e p i n Federal management of marine a f f a i r s - - c r e a t i o n of an independent c i v i l i a n operating agency." Chairman of new group, Rep. George E. Shipley (D-111. ) , member of House Appropriations Committee, s a i d , "I t h i n k t h a t we w i l l see t h e time t h a t t h i s country w i l l spend a s much i n oceanography a s we a r e spending i n t h e space program." ( ~ o r r i ~ a n W , Post, 11/17/68, ~ 1 ) November 16: U. S. S. R. ' s Proton IV, l a r g e s t unmanned s c i e n t i f i c s a t e l l i t e t o d a t e , was launched i n t o o r b i t with 472-km (293.3-mi) apogee, 248-km (154.1-mi) perigee, 91.7-min period, and 51.5' i n c l i n a t i o n . S a t e l l i t e weighed 17 metric t o n s (37,478 l b ) , including 12.5-metric t o n (27,557.5l b ) s c i e n t i f i c payload t o continue s t u d i e s of cosmic rays. Equipment was functioning normally. (AP, W S t a r 11/17/68, A18; Kamm, NYT -9 11/17/68, 1; @, 11/19/68, 72-3; GSFC'SSR, - 11/30/68) . Apollo 8 prime crew--Astronauts Frank Borman, James A. Lovell, J r . , and W i l l i a m A. Anders--held p r e s s conference a t MSC on Apollo 8 f l i g h t plan. Commander Borman explained t h a t an important f e a t u r e of mission's f l i g h t plan was establishment i n advance of decision p o i n t s when crew could decide whether t o continue mission a s planned o r return t o earth: . t h e f i r s t one [decision p o i n t ] w i l l be whether we commit t o t r a n s l u n a r i n j e c t i o n [from parking o r b i t ] o r not.... But even i f we do commit...we have r e g u l a r abort times along t h e course t o t h e moon, so t h a t we could--in case of a system problem s t o p a t any time and come back. Then we f i n a l l y reach a point where it would be s w i f t e r t o j u s t go on around t h e moon than it would be t o t r y t o a b o r t . The next great point i s before we burn l u n a r o r b i t i n j e c tion. ," Once i n lunar o r b i t crew would receive abort d a t a r e g u l a r l y and have o p t i o n t o r e t u r n t o e a r t h every two hours. "The mission, i f a l l works w e l l , w i l l be a r e l a t i v e l y simple one," Borman s a i d . "...we designed Apollo, we s a i d we were going t o t h e moon, and f i n a l l y when we g e t down t o examining t h e d e t a i l s and saying we a r e r e a l l y going, people s t a r t g e t t i n g a l i t t l e queasy about it. But I have no hesitancy about t h e hardware. " ( ~ r a n s c r i;~OIToole, t W Post, 11/17/68, ~ 8 ) ".. ... .. ... �U W launched experimental r e e n t r y v e h i c l e from Vandenberg November 16: AFB by A t l a s booster. (uPI, NYT, 11/18/68, 31) - November 11: Boeing Co. i n Washington, D . C . , p u b l i c l y displayed s c a l e model of new fixed-wing design f o r SST with downward-bent wings i n board toward f u s e l a g e and v e r t i c a l t a i l placed well forward of h o r i z o n t a l t a i l . SST Program Director M/G Jewel1 C. Maxwell s a i d i n interview, "I t h i n k we have a much g r e a t e r f e e l i n g of confidence than we have had i n some time. We now have a design i n hand t h a t seems a b l e t o do t h e job." Boeing would submit new design t o Government i n mid-January b u t , s a i d New York Times, "there i s some nervousness about t h e r e c e p t i v i t y of t h e new Congress f o r a budget request t h a t w i l l probably come c l o s e t o $300 m i l l i o n f o r t h e f i s c a l year ending June 1970." Current estimates of o v e r a l l SST cost were $1.5 b i l l i o n . To d a t e 26 a i r l i n e s had reserved d e l i v e r y p o s i t i o n s f o r 122 a i r c r a f t . (N~T, 11/18/68, 93) . I nsuccessor Washington Sunday S t a r W i l l i a m Hines s a i d speculation had begun on t o James E. Webb a s NASA Administrator. "The man who i s holding Webb's place on an ' a c t i n g t basis--Dr. Thomas 0. Paine, formerly of t h e General E l e c t r i c Company--is not regarded a s a candidate, More l i k e l y i s Bernard A. ( ~ e n n i)e Schriever, t h e ?%-yearo l d r e t i r e d A i r Force general who i s c h i e f l y responsible f o r today's m i s s i l e a r s e n a l . Had Vice President Humphrey won [ p r e s i d e n t i a l e l e c t i o n ] , r e t i r e d astronaut John H. Glenn, J r . , t h e f i r s t American t o o r b i t t h e Earth, was a f a v o r i t e f o r t h e NASA post. But Glenn, c l o s e l y i d e n t i f i e d with Kennedy democrats, i s now out of place i n t h e Nixon o f f i c i a l family. " (W 9-S t a r 11/17/68, ~ 4 ) . I n New York Times Walter Sullivan s a i d nuclear s p e c i a l i s t s who met i n Stockholm during A p r i l and June a t i n v i t a t i o n of I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e f o r Peace and Conflict Research had confirmed e f f e c t i v e n e s s of new method of d i s t i n g u i s h i n g man-made explosion from n a t u r a l earthquake a t thousands of miles by comparing magnitude of seismic event i n waves crossing earkh' s surface with magnitude of "body waves" from same event t h a t have passed through e a r t h ' s depths. Analysis by U.S., U.K., Canadian, and U.S.S.R. s c i e n t i s t s had shown s t r e n g t h of surface waves r e l a t e d t o body waves was c o n s i s t e n t l y l e s s i n bomb explosions t h a n i n earthquakes. ( 9 11/17/68, , 1) �November 18: Bullet fragment i n b r a i n of holdup victim Joseph Ba.rrios was s u c c e s s f u l l y repositioned i n t o b r a i n membrane by whirling p a t i e n t i n Ames Research Center c e n t r i f u g e , subjecting him t o f o r c e of 6 g. Fragment had moved from c r i t i c a l c e n t r a l v e n t r i c l e t o l a t e r a l v e n t r i c l e when doctors a t O'Connor Hospital i n San Jose, C a l i f . , somersaulted Barrios on r o t a t i n g c h a i r , but fragment could move again. Force of centrifuge--normally used by NASA f o r space research--imbedded fragment i n membrane of l e f t v e n t r i c l e , where it was expected t o remain s a f e l y encapuslated by s c a r t i s s u e . Dec. 16 x-rays showed fragment had not moved s i n c e c e n t r i f u g e treatment. Barrios was sent home from h o s p i t a l Dec. 17. ( ~ r o d y ,NYT, 11/21/68, 37; AP, W Post, 11/21/68, A3; ARC Astrogram, 12/8/68,; ARC Medical Services ranch) . Announcement was made t h a t Astronaut Walter M. Schirra, Jr., would receive K i t t y Hawk Memorial Trophy f o r distinguished achievement i n aeronautics a t annual Wright Brothers memorial banquet i n Beverly H i l l s , C a l i f . , Dec. 6. (UPI, W -S9 t a r 11/19/68, ~ 2 ) . Air Transport Assn. of America reported t o NASA Conference on Pavement Grooving & Traction Studies a t Langley Research Center t h a t 15- t o 19-mo use a t t h r e e major a i r p o r t s had convinced a i r l i n e s t h a t runway s u r f a c e grooving was "an e f f e c t i v e a i d i n overcoming hydroplaning" during wet landings. Grooving increased stopping c a p a b i l i t y of l a r g e turbine-powered a i r c r a f t on wet runways and those with standing water. A i r l i n e operation evaluation confirmed conclusion of NASA research and " d i s p e l l e d e a r l i e r f e a r s t h a t grooving might damage runways o r a i r c r a f t . " ( ~ e x;t NYT, 24/68, 84) 111 ,. U W denied d e c i s i o n had been made t o cut back o r cancel FB-111 product i o n [see Nov. 151, Wall S t r e e t Journal s a i d , but r e p o r t s p e r s i s t e d t h a t fewer t h a n 253 would be purchased because of t h e i r high cost and i n d i f f e r e n t performance. Aerospace Daily s a i d i t s sources reported recommended cutback of more t h a n 5% was " e s s e n t i a l l y accurate" and put f i g u r e a t "about 100" t o give USAF Unit Equipment f o r c e of 90 aircraft. (WSJ, - 11/18/68, 12; Aero Daily, 11/18/68) November 18-21: During Geneva conference of I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s t r o n a u t i c a l Federation on Basic Environmental Problems of Man i n Space, D r . Boris B. Yegorov, only physician t o t r a v e l i n space (launched i n U. S. S. R. ' s Voskhod I Oct. 12, 1964), t o l d p r e s s conference he believed p l a n e t a r y f l i g h t s would be achieved by 1987. U. S.S.R. was experimenting with 8,- t o 10-volt e l e c t r i c a l shocks administered t o improve c i r c u l a t i o n and s t i m u l a t e muscles of a s t r o n a u t s t o enable them t o endure s t r a i n of r e t u r n i n g t o e a r t h a f t e r prolonged period i n confined space �November 18- 21 ( cont inuedj' capsule. He claimed problem of weightlessness was same f o r short o r long f l i g h t s and urged immediate planning f o r f l i g h t s t o g a l a x i e s out s i d e s o l a r system. D r . Walton W. Jones, NASA Director of Biotechnology and Human Research, s a i d before I;PF conference U.S. could keep a s t r o n a u t s i n e a r t h o r b i t a year witbin 10 yr i f it would a l l o c a t e s u f f i c i e n t resources t o p r o j e c t . BRC experiments had shown r a t s subjected t o g r a v i t a t i o n a l p u l l 4.7 times above normal had increased l i f e expectancy. He s a i d a f t e r meeting t h a t NASA planned experiments w i t h r a t s a t zero g r a v i t a t i o n t o determine i f aging process was suspended while man was f r e e from g r a v i t a t i o n a l p u l l . D r . J. F. Kubis of Fordham Univ. emphasized importance of psychological f a c t o r s i n s e l e c t i n g space crews. On long f l i g h t , "lack of privacy, crowding, and continuous exposure t o i n t e r a c t i o n w i l l become sources of aggravating s t r e s s . " He recommended no more t h a n one i n crew with dominant p e r s o n a l i t y . Soviet s c i e n t i s t D r . N. N. Gurovsky t o l d conference condition of two dogs a f t e r 22-day o r b i t a l f l i g h t ( i n Cosmos CX Feb. 22-March 16, 1966) had aroused forbodings on e f f e c t of year-long f l i g h t s on a s t r o n a u t s , Loss o f calcium i n bones would make them prone t o breaking. Both dogs had developed l i v e r and i n t e s t i n a l ailments including edemas. Human beings could expect same e f f e c t s . E a r l i e r r e p o r t s had noted dogs s u f f e r e d muscular reduction, dehydration, and conf'usion i n adj u s t ing t o walking. Cal Tech Prof. F r i t z Zwicky s a i d apparently unexplained deaths each year could be due t o blows from meteors o r heavy nucleons i n cosmic r a y s . ( ~ a m i l t o n ,NYT, 11/20/68, 31; 11/21/68, 18; AP, B -3Sun 11/22/68, 1) - November 19: Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey spent f i v e hours i n b r i e f i n g s a t KSC, ascending t o spacecraft l e v e l of Apollo 8 moon r o c k e t , performing simulated rendezvous and p r a c t i c i n g format ion f l y i n g i n s i d e mock spacecraft and lunching with NASA o f f i c i a l s and Apollo 8 Astronauts Frank Borman, James A. Eovell, J r . , and W i l l i s m A. Anders. During v i s i t he s a i d , "The space program has contributed g r e a t l y t o t h e s t r u c t u r e of our nation.. . . I have f e l t it has been underfunded a t times and we w i l l pay t h e p r i c e . I f e e l it i s a wise investment on t h e p a r t of Congress and t h e public. I ' l l do what I can a s a p r i v a t e c i t i z e n and a former chairman of t h e space council t o see it i s funded." (KSC Release KSC-496-68; AP, W S t a r , 11/20/68, A8; AP, W Post, 11/20/68, C l ; Today, 11/20/68, 1 > - �November 19: Soviet Prof. Georgy I. Petrov i n I z v e s t i a s a i d successful recovery of Zond V I opened way "for c r e a t i o n of spacecraft a b l e t o g e t t o t h e moon, Mars, Venus and other p l a n e t s and r e t u r n t o e a r t h . " Such experiments, he s a i d , " w i l l allow us i n t h e near f u t u r e t o c r e a t e l o n g - l a s t i n g o r b i t a l s t a t i o n s , moon l a b o r a t o r i e s manned by s c i e n t i f i c personnel The passenger ships w i l l d i f f e r from t h e p r e s e n t s p a c e c r a f t , but now we a r e witnessing t h e i r b i r t h . " I n another d i s p a t c h Tass s a i d b a s i c problem of r e e n t r y by spacecraft a t "second cosmic speed," about 25,000 mph, had been solved by Zond V I . (UPI, W -3S t a r 11/20/68, ~ 1 1 ) .... . In answer t o queries [see Nov. 161 DOD issued statement on increased c o s t of C-5A, world's l a r g e s t a i r c r a f t . "At t h e beginning of t h i s program over t h r e e years ago, t h e A i r Force estimated t h a t t h e cost of development and production of t h e f i r s t 58 a i r p l a n e s would be $2.3 b i l l i o n . The corresponding estimate f o r t h e 120 a i r p l a n e s u l t i m a t e l y contemplated was $3.1 b i l l i o n . Current estimates, i n cluding economic e s c a l a t i o n and a l l o t h e r f a c t o r s , a r e $3.25 b i l l i o n and $4.3 b i l l i o n , i n d i c a t i n g increases of 41% and 3 9 r e s p e c t i v e l y . " Additional c o s t s had r e s u l t e d from increased l a b o r and m a t e r i a l s c o s t s due t o Vietnam war and "unprecedented demand f o r c i v i l i a n a i r c r a f t t > i n t r o d u c t i o n of new technology; and modifications t o overcome t e c h n i c a l d i f f i c u l t i e s . ( ~ e x t ;WSJ, 11/20/68, 2; AP, W Post, 11/20/68, A3; Kelly, W -' Star 1 1 / 2 m 8 , All) November 20: NASA Acting Administrator D r . Thomas 0. Paine i n speech b e f o r e AIA. Fall Conference i n Phoenix, Ariz., s a i d , "Today t h e United S t a t e s stand a t t h e crossroads. " I n FY 1969 NASA was o p e r a t i n g c l o s e t o "breakpoint" l e v e l . Below $ 4 - b i l l i o n budget l e v e l , NASA. could no longer "hold t o g e t h e r our hard-won capab i l i t i e s and u t i l i z e them e f f e c t i v e l y i n c r i t i c a l programs; some of them would have t o be dropped e n t i r e l y . " Budget above $4 b i l l i o n would "not only allow us t o . . c a r r y forward major programs, but might permit modest investments aimed a t reducing c o s t s of f u t u r e space a c t i v i t i e s . " Pointing t o "long-term r e s u l t s of t h e tremendous t ethnological effort mounted during World War 11" and " s t i l l being exploited today," D r . Paine urged t h a t a s "we t a c k l e grave s o c i a l i l l s , we've got t o continue t o forge ahead i n o t h e r a r e a s . We must worry about how we c r e a t e new wealth a s much a s we do about how we b e t t e r d i s t r i b u t e t o d a y ' s wealth. It would be an i n t e r n a t i o n a l tragedy i f America were t o t u r n back now from i t s forward t h r u s t i n space a t t h e end of an a s t o n i s h i n g l y productive f i r s t decade. " ( ~ e x) t ... ... . �November 20 ( cont inued) James M. Beggs, NASA Associate Administrator f o r Advanced Research and Technology, discussed t h r e e major aerospace needs: increased a e r o n a u t i c a l research, low-cost boosters, and use of nuclear energy i n space. I n a i r c r a f t technology, NASA was " i n c r e a s i n g . . . e f f o r t by increases i n o l d and new a e r o n a u t i c a l d i s c i p l i n e s , i n V/STOL technology, and i n noise reduction. " Pressing need f o r boosters a s r e l i a b l e a s e x i s t i n g boosters but f a r more economical, "means a f r e s h approach t o t h e e n t i r e concept of boosters and a c r i t i c a l examination of each s t e p . . .from t h e drawing board t o t h e end of t h e boost operation. " NASA was recommending t h a t t h e WRVA engine development be continued with engine and s t a g e ready f o r a mission a s e a r l y a s 1977. "We a r e working with o t h e r NASA o f f i c e s i n studying p l a n e t a r y and o t h e r t y p e s of missions t h a t can use t h e high performance c a p a b i l i t y of a nuclear engine. We a r e a l s o working j o i n t l y with t h e AEC on nuclear e l e c t r i c power generation. " ( ~ e x t ) . I n BBC TV interview J o d r e l l Bank Experimental S t a t i o n D i r e c t o r , S i r Bernard Lovell, s a i d U.S. Apollo 8 plan f o r manned lunar o r b i t We 've reached t h e was "On a s c i e n t i f i c b a s i s . . .wasteful and s i l l y . . . s t a g e with automatic landings when i t ' s not necessary t o r i s k human l i f e t o g e t information about t h e moon. Within a few y e a r s t h i s i n format i o n could be obtained by automatic , unmanned instrument s . " S i r Bernard s a i d he was f u l l of admiration f o r p r o j e c t but added, t h e r e was "a dangerous element of deadline beating i n i t . " NASA Associate Administrator f o r Manned Space F l i g h t , D r . George E. Mueller, commented, "The purpose i s not s c i e n t i f i c but t o t a k e an important s t e p i n developing t h e c a p a b i l i t y of landing men on t h e moon." I n telephone interview from Huntsville, Ala., he s a i d , "We a r e t a k i n g no undue r i s k s . " Apollo 8 crewman W i l l i a m A. Anders t o l d news conference a t KSC, "We a r e f l y i n g p r i m a r i l y an o p e r a t i o n a l mission and we s t r o n g l y f e e l t h a t a manned platform i n l u n a r o r b i t with t h e o p e r a t i o n a l equipment we have can add s i g n i f i c a n t b i t s and We t h i n k it w i l l be a r e a l p i e c e s t o s c i e n t i f i c knowledge boon f o r f u t u r e Apollo f l i g h t s t o have t h e photographic, navigat i o n , t r a c k i n g , mapping, and o t h e r knowledge w e ' l l b r i n g back." (AP, B Sun, 11/21/68, 1; NYT, 11/21/68, 19; OtToole, W Post, 2116 F ~ 3 ) . .... 111 . Survey by Aerospace I n d u s t r i e s Assn. of America predicted d e c l i n e i n aerospace i n d u s t r y employment from 1,431 m i l l i o n i n March t o 1,400 m i l l i o n by December because of continuing decline i n space program - 373 - �November 20 (continued) and l e v e l i n g off of employment requirements i n a i r c r a f t production and R&D programs. Employment was e x p e c t e d t o remain a t December l e v e l through March 1969. A i r c r a f t production and R&D employees were expected t o d e c l i n e from 854,000 t o 833,000, o r by 2.5%. M i s s i l e s and space employment was expected t o drop from 517,000 S c i e n t i s t s and engineers would continue t o t o 507,000, o r 1. form 16% of aerospace employment, with technicians making up 6~ o f aerospace i n d u s t r y employment. (AIAA Release 68-56) $. . Soviet t r a d e - union newspaper Trud s a i d mass production of powerful i n t e r c o n t i n e n t a l rockets had s t a r t e d a t U. S. S. R. ' s " ~ o c k e tCity" because "the conquest of space i s expanding." Device made a t t h e u n i d e n t i f i e d c i t y " w i l l help our s c i e n t i s t s discover new mysteries NYT, 11/22/68, 22) of t h e universe f o r t h e good of man. " (UPI, - . GSFC awarded $3,127,001 one-year extension of cost -plus-award-fee c o n t r a c t t o F a i r c h i l d - H i l l e r Corp. f o r s c i e n t i f i c and engineering support s e r v i c e s a t GSFC. (GSFC Release G-53-68) November 21: Cosmos CCLIV was successfully launched by U.S.S.R. from P l e s e t sk Cosmodrome. S a t e l l i t e entered o r b i t with 332-Ian (286.3-mi) apogee, 210-km (130.5-mi) perigee, 89.9-min period, and 65.4 i n c l i n a t i o n and r e e n t e r e d Nov. 29. (UPI, NYT, 11/22/68, 22; GSFC -9SSR 11/30/68; SBD, 12/2/68, 129) - - . NASA Aerobee 150A sounding rocket successfully launched from WSA Wallops S t a t i o n c a r r i e d 300-lb payload containing two white r a t s t o 101-mi (162.5-km) a l t i t u d e i n t h i r d of four experiments t o study r a t s ' behavior i n a r t i f i c i a l g r a v i t y f i e l d and determine minimum l e v e l of g r a v i t y needed by b i o l o g i c a l organisms during space f l i g h t . During f i v e minutes of f r e e f a l l , r a t s s e l e c t e d a r t i f i c a l g r a v i t y l e v e l s created through c e n t r i f u g a l a c t i o n by walking along t u n n e l runway i n extended arms of payload. Data on t h e i r p o s i t i o n and movement were telemetered t o ground s t a t i o n s Payload impacted 69 m i downrange i n t h e A t l a n t i c . (WS Release 68-21) . National Science Foundation r e l e a s e d Research and Development i n I n d u s t r y , 1966. T o t a l 1966 i n d u s t r i a l R&D expenditure was $15.5 b i l l i o n , with i n d u s t r y accounting f o r 70% of n a t i o n ' s R&D performance. Federal Government R&D performed i n i n d u s t r y reached $8.3 b i l l i o n , 5% of i n d u s t r i a l t o t a l . I n January 1967, 163, goo-3 q o f t o t a l - - i n d u s t r i a l s c i e n t i s t s and engineers were engaged i n �November 21 ( continued) R&D d i r e c t l y supported by Federal Government. I n 1966, NASA and DOD financed work of 8% of F&D s c i e n t i s t s and engineers employed by i n d u s t r y on Federal p r o j e c t s , with 54,000 working on NASA p r o j e c t s , an i n c r e a s e of 5% over 1963. DOD-financed s c i e n t i s t s and engineers decreased 23% i n same period. (~ext) . A Charles t awards dinner of National I n s t i t u t e of S o c i a l Sciences i n New York, A. Lindbergh s a i d , "My hope t h a t a v i a t i o n would cause b e t t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s between our e a r t h ' s peoples gave way t o r e a l i z a , t i o n t h a t t h e a i r p l a n e ' s primary s i g n i f i c a n c e l a y i n i t s power of destruction. My f a s c i n a t i o n with t h e rocket a s a space-exploring vehicle has been replaced by my alarm a t i t s a b i l i t y t o wipe out our c i v i l i z a t i o n overnight." Lindbergh and h i s wife, Anne Morrow, received gold medals f o r "distinguished service t o humanity" f o r t h e i r work i n conservation. (UPI, W -S9 t a r 11/22/68> ~ 2 ) . .. . Washington Evening S t a r s a i d U.K. and A u s t r a l i a n governments had drawn up j o i n t plans f o r l a r g e s t t e l e s c o p e i n Southern Hemisphere, 150-in o p t i c a l t e l e s c o p e a t Siding Spring Mountain Observatory of A u s t r a l i a n National Univ. It would cost $10.5 million. (W -S t a r 11/21/68, ~ 6 ) 9 . ComSatCorp announced it had requested proposals f o r construction of two new e a r t h s t a t i o n s near Talkeetna, Alaska, and Apra Heights, Guam. (cornsat ~ o r pRelease 68-63) November 22: JPL announced i t s astronomers had determined a s t e r o i d I c a r u s was about h a l f mile i n diameter and r o t a t e d every $ h r from d a t a received during three-day s e r i e s of seven microwave probes. I c a r u s was clocked a t speeds from 36,000 mph t o 1,450 mph a t 4-million-mi d i s t a n c e - - c l o s e s t approach it had made t o e a r t h i n 19 y r . A 450,000-w t r a n s m i t t e r on 85-f't antenna a t Goldstone Tracking S t a t i o n i n Mohave d e s e r t beamed radar waves a t 2,388-me frequency. Reflected echoes were received by 210-ft antenna 14 m i d i s t a n t . Average r a d a r round t r i p t o I c a r u s was 43 see. JPL r a d a r astronomer, D r . Richard M. Goldstein, s a i d i n d i c a t i o n s were t h a t I c a r u s was "rough, even jagged, and perhaps shaped l i k e a peach s t o n e . " Radar r e f l e c t i o n s were unable t o i n d i c a t e whether i t s s u r f a c e was stony o r m e t a l l i c . I f m e t a l l i c , D r . Goldstein s a i d , i t s r a d i u s might be a s small a s 300 m; i f s t o w , 600 m, which f i x e d I c a r u s ' diameter a t 600 t o 1,200 m, with 900 m a probable figure. (NASA Release 68-197; AP, W S t a r , 11/20/68, A8; Goldstein, Science, 11/22/68, 903-4) - �November 22: National Academy of Sciences issued The Mathematical Sciences: A Report. Before World War 11, U.S. was consumer of mathematics and mathematical t al-ent Now it was " u n i v e r s a l l y recognized a s t h e l e a d i n g producer of t h e s e . " Graduate education i n mathematical sciences a t major U. S. c e n t e r s " i s f a r superior t o t h a t i n a l l but two o r t h r e e c e n t e r s i n t h e r e s t of t h e world," but shortage of college t e a c h e r s was l i k e l y t o worsen before it improved. Report recommended continued and increased Federal support f o r b a s i c r e s e a r c h including NASA programs, computer science, a p p l i e d mathematics, graduate apprenticeships, and f a c u l t y improvement. It p r o j e c t e d t h a t , by 1970, 41,000 s t u d e n t s would be majoring i n mathematics and 1,864,800 majoring i n o t h e r s u b j e c t s would be e n r o l l e d i n mathematics courses. ( ~ e x;t Schwart z, PJYT, 11/24/68, 74) . - . Dr. Donald F. Hornig, President Johnson's S p e c i a l A s s i s t a n t f o r Science and Technology, would j o i n Eastman Kodak Co. i n "executive capacity" i n e a r l y January, Science reported. He would a l s o become p r o f e s s o r of chemistry a t Univ. of Rochester. (science, 11/22/68, 881) . U.S. and Romania signed agreements t o exchange information on peaceful u s e s o f atomic energy, s c i e n t i f i c delegations, and u n c l a s s i f i e d t e c h n i c a l l i t e r a t u r e and films. Romanian graduate students would be assigned t o U.S. l a b o r a t o r i e s and u n i v e r s i t i e s . ( ~ o h n ,W Post, 11/21/68, E l ; AP, NYT, 11/24/68, 43) - November 23: F i r s t Lady, Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson, and daughter, Mrs. Lynda Robb, p a i d t h e i r f i r s t v i s i t t o KSC and p a r t i c i p a t e d i n simulated moon landing i n l u n a r landing module r e p l i c a . P r e s e n t i n g model of Apollo Lunar Landing Module f o r d i s p l a y i n Lyndon B. Johnson P r e s i d e n t i a l Library, NASA Acting Administrator, D r . Thomas 0 . Paine, s a i d model would bear plaque l i s t i n g "a few of t h e mqny c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o our space program of Lyndon B. Johnson-a s Senate Majority Leader, a s Chairman o f t h e Senate Aeronautics and Space Sciences Committee, a s Chairman of t h e National Aeronautics and Space Council when he was Vice President, and t h e n a s President o f t h e United S t a t e s . " D r . Paine t o l d Mrs. Johnson "we t r u s t t h a t t h i s model of t h e l u n a r landing module w i l l s i g n i f y t o t h e many v i s i t o r s t o t h e Lyndon B. Johnson P r e s i d e n t i a l Library t h e P r e s i d e n t ' s v i s i o n and l e a d e r s h i p t h a t has c a r r i e d t h i s n a t i o n outward i n t o t h e new ocean of space. " (KSC Release KSC-500-68; Shelton, W ?-S t a r 11/25/68, E3; B l a i r , NYT, 11/24/68, 41) - �December 24: Cornell Univ. s c i e n t i s t s reported p u l s a r l y i n g i n o r near Crab Nebula with f a s t e s t pulse r a t e of p u l s a r s discovered t h u s f a r was slowing pulse tempo a t r a t e of one p a r t i n 2,000 a year. Discovery was made with 1,000-ft-dia antenna a t Arecibo ( ~ u e r t o~ i c o )observatory. Walter S u l l i v a n i n New York Times s a i d discovery encouraged view t h a t astronomers "are p e n e t r a t i n g an e n t i r e new realm of physics . . . p hysics of superdense matter ( i n t h e form of so-called neutron s t a r s ) , magnetic f i e l d s f a r beyond anything observable i n t h e l a b o r a t o r y and superpowerful gravity. " 11/25/68, 53) (s, . New York Times a r t i c l e s a i d a t l e a s t e i g h t nations, including U.S. and U.S.S.R., were building astronomical observatories i n Chile, which had been termed i d e a l s i t e because of i t s l a t i t u d e , n e a r 30° South. Association of U n i v e r s i t i e s f o r Research i n Astronomy, Enc (AURA), dependency of NSF , had invested $19 m i l l i o n t h u s f a r i n observatory a t Cerro Tololo a t Lat. 32'. Other groups i n v e s t i n g i n Chilean observatories were: European Southern Observatory (ESO), consortium of West Germany, France, Holland, Belgiwn, Sweden, and Denmark; and Soviet Astronomical Mission, which had one U.S.S.R. wide-field r e f l e c t i n g t e l e s c o p e of Schmitit type i n operation but intended t o b u i l d 100-in r e f l e c t o r . Main European instrument would be 140-in r e f l e c t o r . A 36-in t e l e scope a t U.S. observatory had already photographed powerful raye m i t t i n g s t a r whose existence had previously only been suspected. Main AURA, p r o j e c t , 158-in t e l e s c o p e , w o a d be a v a i l a b l e t o any q u a l i f i e d astronomer. (NZ, 11/24/68, 27 ) . . USAF launched experimental Advanced B a l l i s t i c Reentry System (ABRES) v e h i c l e from Vandenberg AFB. (AP, W Post, 11/25/68, 9) . I n New York Times, Reuters s a i d Nuclear Emergency Team (NET) of DOD Defense Atomic Support Agency based i n Albuquerque, N.M., could be enroute t o accident involving nuclear weapons anywhere i n world on two h o u r ' s n o t i c e . It could secure a r e a rescue personnel, minimize r a d i a t i o n hazards, and provide expert advice and a s s i s t a n c e . Each U.S. m i l i t a r y s e r v i c e had s e v e r a l 15-man NET teams capable of r e p o r t i n g t o NET Hq. within 30 min. (NYT, - 12/1/68, 144) November 25: Four f o r e i g n f i m s who handled a l l Argentine overseas telephone c a l l s and telecommunications, w i t h mult b i l l i o n - d o l l a r investment, had been n o t i f i e d by lower echelons of Argentine government t h a t i t s n a t i o n a l c a r r i e r ENTEL would be exclusive �November 25 (continued) i n t e r n a t i o n a l c a r r i e r and would reserve a l l communications s a t e l l i t e channels f o r i t s e l f , Washington Evening S t a r reported. Argentina was t o l i n k up with ComSatCorp and INTELSAT on completion of e a r t h s t a t i o n a t Balcarce i n June. Firms--U.S.-based ITT World Comrnunicat i o n s Co.; Transradio, which had RCA. hookup; Western Telegraph of U.K. ; and I t a l c a b l e of Italy--had banded t o g e t h e r t o propose mixed government-carrier company t o own and operate Argentine e a r t h s t a t i o n . ( o f ~ e a r y W, -S 9 tar 11/25/68, ~ 1 5 ) . C-130 t r o o p and supply c a r r i e r , used a s pick-up a i r c r a f t f o r s a t e l l i t e s dropping s p e c i a l reconnaissance photos i n t o sea, had developed s e r i o u s wing cracks which would cost USAF $11m i l l i o n t o r e p a i r , Bob Horton r e p o r t e d i n Washington Evening S t a r . USAF had been r e i n f o r c i n g wings but would have t o b u i l d e n t i r e new wing on 400 C-130 models B through E t o ensure long s e r v i c e . Model C-130A was not a f f e c t e d . (W -2S t a r 11/25/68, ~ 3 ) . New York Times e d i t o r i a l commented on NAS r e p o r t on s t a t u s and needs of American mathematics [ s e e Nov. 221 : . t h i s era--often c a l l e d t h e age of t h e computer--is r e a l l y t h e time of t h e most widespread and f r u i t f K l a p p l i c a t i o n of mathematics ever known. . . . I n t h i s p e r i o d of retrenchment i n Government expenditures, t h e National Academy r e p o r t c a l l s f o r increased Federal expenditures i n a i d of both r e s e a r c h and education i n mathematics.... The cost of supporti n g American mathematics i s so s l i g h t i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e v a s t p o t e n t i a l b e n e f i t s t h a t even t h e most economy-minded Congressman should be chary of using h i s ax." (NYT, - 11/25/68, 46) ".. . Harold T. Luskin, Director of Apollo Applications i n NASA Office of Manned Space F l i g h t , d i e d i n Bethesda, Md., of r e s p i r a t o r y i l l n e s s . He had joined NASA i n March 1968 and had become Apollo Applications D i r e c t o r i n May. He was p a s t president of American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and Astronautics and had been associated with Douglas A i r c r a f t Co. f o r 20 yr and Lockheed A i r c r a f t Corp. f o r 9 yr. He had h e l d engineering and management p o s i t i o n s i n connection with Agena space v e h i c l e , USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory, X-3 supersonic (NASA Ann, 11/26/68; FJpnSL 11/27/68, r e s e a r c h a i r c r a f t , and DC-8. C3; Marshall S t a r , 11/27/68, 1; W S t a r , 11/27/68, B4) - . Dr. Paul Allman S i p l e , p o l a r explorer and geographer who had accompanied Adm. Richard E. Byrd t o Antarctica and science a d v i s e r t o U. S. Army 1946-1963 and s i n c e 1967, died a t Arlington, Va., a t age 59. (nry~, 11/27/68, 47) �November 26: NASA Associate Administrator f o r Manned Space F l i g h t , D r . George E. Mueller, t o l d National Space Club i n Washington, D.C., unique conditions i n space suggested use of o r b i t i n g space s t a t i o n s f o r c e r t a i n manufacturing processes. instance, l i q u i d f l o a t i n g i n a weightless environment, t a k e s t h e shape of a p e r f e c t sphere. Thus, it i s conceivable t h a t metal b a l l bearings could be manufactured i n space t o t o l e r a n c e s impossible on e a r t h , yet a t a c o s t , including t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , l e s s t h a n we can now achieve. Perfect bearings would reduce f r i c t i o n and noise l e v e l s t o t h e vanishing p o i n t . F r e e - f a l l c a s t i n g techniques could be u t i l i z e d t o c a s t l a r g e f l a w l e s s o p t i c a l blanks f o r t e l e s c o p e s and by proper combinations of spinning and e l e c t r o s t a t i c f o r c e s we should be able t o shape t h e surface a s w e l l . " S t a b l e foams f o r mixtures of l i q u i f i e d m a t e r i a l s and gases, impossible t o produce s a t i s f a c t o r i l y on e a r t h , could be produced i n weightlessness, r e s u l t i n g i n "a s t e e l foam almost a s l i g h t a s b a l s a wood with many of t h e p r o p e r t i e s of s o l i d s t e e l . " Composite m a t e r i a l s l i k e s t e e l of d i f f e r e n t d e n s i t i e s and p r o p e r t i e s and g l a s s a l s o could be produced. (Text; Schmeck, NYT, 11/27/68, 48; S e h l s t e d t , B ->Sun 11/27/68, ~ 6 ) or - . NASA Associate Administrator, D r . Homer E. Mewell, t o l d annual convention of National Council f o r S o c i a l Studies a t GSFC, "...because of t h e l e n g t h of time between investment i n b a s i c s c i e n t i f i c research and important use of t h e r e s u l t s t h e r e o f , support by Congress and t h e p u b l i c of b a s i c r e s e a r c h i s h e s i t a t i n g and o f t e n o u t r i g h t s k e p t i c a l . The development and a p p l i c a t i o n of technology t o t h e quick s o l u t i o n of current problems i s b e t t e r understood and more r e a d i l y supported. Yet t h e f a c t i s t h a t technology t o be used i n t h e s o l u t i o n of a p r a c t i c a l problem r e s t s u l t i m a t e l y upon t h e r e s u l t s of b a s i c research performed y e a r s , and o f t e n many y e a r s , ago." Experience proved, he s a i d , " t h a t t h e e f f o r t t o s e l e c t t h e b a s i c r e s e a r c h t o support i n terms of p r e d i c t e d usefulness would over and over again preclude support of t h e research t h a t i n time would prove t o be t h e most valuable. 'I (Text) . NASA and Univ. of Texas dedicated world's t h i r d l a r g e s t t e l e s c o p e , 107-in, 150-ton instrument a t McDonald Observatory, Mount Locke, Tex. Observatory D i r e c t o r , D r . Harlan J. Smith, s a i d it had been booked a year i n advance. The $5-million observatory would emphasize s t u d i e s of moon and o t h e r Government s c i e n t i s t s hoped f o r information t o help them design planet s s p a c e c r a f t t o v i s i t p l a n e t s . '(UPI, NYT, 11/27/68, 26) . . French Prime Minister Maurice Couve de Murville announced France's 1969 atomic t e s t program would be canceled and c r e d i t s would be reduced f o r Concorde supersonic a i r c r a f t a s p a r t of a u s t e r i t y program t o save �November 26 ( continued) French f r a n c from devaluation. French contribution t o Concorde development would be cut by $12 million. It was not known how much d e l a y move might cause i n program, with f i r s t prototype scheduled t o f l y i n l a t e December. (AP, W S t a r , 11/26/68, 1; Loucheim, W Post, 11/27/68, Al; Tanner, TJYT, 11/27/68, 1 ) -- November 8: NASA awarded Allis-Chalmers $3,500,000 contract t o f l i g h t - q u a l i f y Multimission Fuel C e l l Assembly, an improved f u e l c e l l e l e c t r i c a l power system f o r Apollo Applications (AA) program. System had been developed under t h r e e previous NASA c o n t r a c t s since 1962. Allis-Chalmers would produce two assemblies f o r use i n q u a l i f i c a t i o n program and two f o r d e l i v e r y t o MSC. (NASA Procurement Off; MCS Roundup, 12/6/68, 1 ) . U.K. became f i r s t nuclear power t o r a t i f y nuclear n o n p r o l i f e r a t i o n t r e a t y . A t Washington, D.C., ceremony, B r i t i s h Charge d ' a f f a i r e s Edward E. Tompkins handed instruments of r a t i f i c a t i o n t o Director William C. F o s t e r of U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. (N~T, 11/28/68, 9) Soviet journal Aviat s i y a i KO sxnonavti k a (Aviat ion and Co smonaut ic s ) s a i d Soviet s c i e n t i s t s had concluded T'basis of a l i n k e d system f o r providing man with v i t a l n e c e s s i t i e s on board spaceship w i l l be t h e c u l t i v a t i o n of higher p l a n t s . S c i e n t i s t s believe t h a t a r t i f i c i a l s o i l could be used f a r space p l a n t growing. " Once s p a c e c r a f t lef't e a r t h g r a v i t a t i o n f i e l d , "plants w i l l be f i x e d i n s p e c i a l holders and sprayed with concentrated s o l u t i o n s containing a l l necessary substance. " (WI, NYT, 11/29/68, 22) . .. . USN's - Sealab 111 was c a r r i e d by barge t o San Clemente I s l a n d , C a l i f . It would be lowered 600 f t t o P a c i f i c Ocean bottom t o serve a s working and l i v i n g q u a r t e r s f o r f i v e teams of 8 t o 1 0 men s e t t i n g up underwater t r o l l e y l i n e , building dry and l i g h t e d hut on sea f l o o r , s t a r t i n g l o b s t e r farm, and t r a i n i n g porpoises and sea l i o n s t o f e t c h and carry. Sealab I I L , submerged t o t h r e e times depths of Sealab I and Sealab X I , was f i n a l experiment i n Sealab program. (AP, W S t a r , ll/28/68, ~ 3 6 ) - �November 28: NASA announced Mexican c i t i e s Gomez Palacios and Torreon had been saved from flooding i n wake of Hurricane Naomi when Automatic P i c t u r e Transmission (APT) s t a t i o n a t Mexico City relayed d a t a from ESSA V I s a t e l l i t e i n d i c a t i n g weather was clearing. Mexican a u t h o r i t i e s t h u s were saved from opening dangerously f i l l e d dam which would have inundated t h e c i t i e s . (NASA Release 68-203; UPI, NYT, 12/1/68, 77) - . Canadian s c i e n t i s t I. A. Stewart, Operations Manager of National Research Council's Churchill Research Range, s a i d a t f i r s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l Aerospace Exposition i n Montreal he believed range, operated j o i n t l y by U. S. and Canada, could be converted f o r $1m i l l i o n t o accommodate s a t e l l i t e launching pad. Canada could t h u s r i s e t o ranks of space-age power, he said. Of more t h a n 200 on s t a f f , only one was from U.S. (CP, NYT, 12/1/68, 1 3 ) - November 29: U. S, S. R. launched Cosmos CCLV from P l e s e t sk Cosmodrome i n t o o r b i t with 317-ian ( 1 ~ - m i ) apogee, 211-km (131.1-mi) perigee, 89.6-min period, and 65.4 i n c l i n a t i o n . Spacecraft reentered Dec. 7. (GSFC SSR, 11/30/68; 12/15/68; SBD, 12/2/68, 129) - . MSFC announced it had requested proposals from 11 aerospace companies f o r six-month design and d e f i n i t i o n study f o r dual mode l u n a r roving v e h i c l e (LRV) capable of t r a n s p o r t i n g a s t r o n a u t s on l u n a r surface and of performing automated, long-range s c i e n t i f i c t r a v e r s e s across moon under remote c o n t r o l from e a r t h . Vehicle was t o permit manned s o r t i e s of up t o 6 m i from landed s p a c e c r a f t , with t o t a l round-trip of more t h a n 1 8 m i . A f t e r a s t r o nauts l e f t moon, LRV would be placed i n remote c o n t r o l mode f o r automated long-range (600 o r more mi) geological and geophysical t r i p s f o r one year. It would c o l l e c t up t o 200 l b l u n a r samples and measure t e r r a i n , t h e n rendezvous with manned spacecraft f o r r e t u r n o f samples t o e a r t h . (MSFCRelease 68-274; SBD, 12/3/68, 134; Marshall S t a r , 12/4/68, 1) - . FAA announced it had issued RPP f o r c o l l e c t i o n and a n a l y s i s of informat i o n on engineering, economic, and o p e r a t i o n a l aspects of proposed c o n s t r u c t i o n of a i r p o r t s on o f f shore water s i t e s , including f l o a t i n g a i r p o r t s and t h o s e t o be b u i l t on f i l l , p i l e s , polders, o r i n a r e a s p r o t e c t e d by dikes. (FAA Release 68-75; NYT, 12/2/68, 94) - . World's l a r g e s t vacuum telescope, scheduled f o r spring 1969 completion a t Sunspot, N.Mex,, could provide method of p r e d i c t i n g s o l a r f l a r e s , Associated Press s a i d . Housed i n 137-ft concrete needle atop mountain �November 29 (continued) r i d g e 4,000 f t above WSMR, a t Sacramento Peak Observatory, t e l e s c o p e was b r a i n c h i l d of U W astronomer D r . Richwd Dunn, who t o l d A.P, "Prediction of s o l a r f l a r e s would give us time t o warn a s t r o n a u t s working o u t s i d e t h e r a d i a t i o n shielding of a spacecraft t o t a k e cover and allow us t o p r e d i c t periods of radio communication i n t e r f e r e n c e . " P r o j e c t cost $3.5 million. (AP, NYT, 12/1/68, 65) - European Launcher Development Organization (EDO) attempt November 30: t o place 550-lb I t a l i a n ELDO F-7' i n t o p o l a r o r b i t f a i l e d when t e c h n i c i a n s l o s t contact with payload s h o r t l y af%er launch. S a t e l l i t e , launched f'rom Woomera Rocket Range by booster with U.K. Blue Streak 1 s t s t a g e , French Coralie 2nd stage, and West German A s t r i s 3rd stage, stopped t r a n s m i t t i n g a f t e r abbreviated seven-second 3rd stage burn and could not be tracked. ( ~ e u t e r s ,NYT, 12/1/68, 11) - I n A i r Force and Space Digest interview General E l e c t r i c During November: Co. Vice President Gerhard Neumann, head of GE A i r c r a f t Engine Group, s a i d postponement of e s s e n t i a l R&D during p a s t s e v e r a l y e a r s had "mortgaged" n a t i o n ' s technological f u t u r e . He saw hazards i n current DOD c o n t r a c t i n g p o l i c i e s which kept i n d u s t r y from t a k i n g "reasonable r i s k s " because t h e y imposed implacable performance guarantees. He blamed parsimonious funding on Vietnam War requirements and urged l o s t ground be regained a s soon a s p r i o r i t i e s permitted. I n e r a of R&D a u s t e r i t y , Newnann advocated " l o t more" work i n advanced-engine r e s e a r c h by NASA. (AF/SD, 11/68, 58) . S e c r e t a r y of Defense Clark M. C l i f f o r d wrote i n A i r Force and Space ~ i ~ e s" t~ o t o o many years ago, t h e War and Navy Departments ;ere concerned almost exclusively with men and simple machines. Defense We now have i n d u s t r i e s were regarded a s mere munitions-makers.. a m i l i t a r y - i n d u s t r i a l team with unique resources of experience, engineering t a l e n t , management and problem-solving c a p a c i t i e s , [ it ] must be used t o help f i n d t h e answers t o complex domestic problems a s it has found t h e answers t o complex weapon systems. Those answers can be put t o good use by our c i t i e s and our s t a t e s , by our schools, by l a r g e and small businesses a l i k e . The nation w i l l be t h e b e t t e r and t h e stronger. " (AF/SD, 11/68, 7 6 - 7 ) ," .. I n A i r Force and Space Digest Capt. Gerald T. Rudolph (uSAF) of AFSC Space and M i s s i l e s Systems Organization scored l a c k of -progress in adopting systems technology t o solve "nation' s mounting s o c i a l �During November (continued) problems." He found two major reasons f o r l a g : "the p u b l i c does not e n t i r e l y understand [ i t ] , l a r g e l y because t h e aerospace i n d u s t r y has been unable t o define it adequately and explain how it i s used. And,..American s o c i e t y has always been r e l u c t a n t t o accept t h e kind of c e n t r a l i z e d a u t h o r i t y required t o implement systems s o l u t i o n s , e s p e c i a l l y a t t h e community and r e g i a n a l l e v e l s . " Every e f f o r t should be made, he s a i d , t o surmount o b s t a c l e s because "it i s t h e judgment of many experts t h a t systems technology w i l l prove t o be t h e most valuable p a r c e l of knowledge t o come o u t of present day space technology. " (AF/SD, 11/68, 79-81) . J. , S. & t z , Jr. i n A i r Force and Space Digest a r t i c l e "The Men Behind Soviet A i r c r a f t Design" mote: "Top Russian designers a r e exuberar~t r e a l i s t s ; and t h e y operate under a 'prototype' system of development t h a t i s probably t h e most competitive and t e c h n i c a l l y stimulating i n t h e world. This system i s s i m i l a r t o t h e one employed i n t h e United S t a t e s u n t i l t h e mid-1950s and t h e odds appear strong t h a t t h e U. S. w i l l r e t u r n t o such an approach i n t h e 1970s, r e j e c t i n g t h e strong dependence on 'systems a n a l y s i s ' and ' c o s t - e f f e c t i v e ness ' s t u d i e s t h a t characterized t h e 1960s. " (U/SD, 11/68, 62-7) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000121 Title A name given to the resource "Astronautics and Aeronautics November 1968: A Chronology on Science, Technology, and Policy (HHR-23)." Description An account of the resource Comment draft. Text drafted by Science and Technology Division, Library of Congress. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Library of Congress. Science and Technology Division NASA Historical Division (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-12-01 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn Project (U.S.) Science and state Space race Technology and state Type The nature or genre of the resource Chronologies (list) Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 29, Folder 26 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000119_000149 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/18012 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1265/spc_stnv_000122.pdf 534d3b3de1a4f38fcf4ecf50c95a5622 PDF Text Text A CHRONOLOGY ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND POLICY 1 (HHR-23) Text Drafted by Science and Technology Division Library of Congress ��ASTRONAUTICS A.ND AERONAUTICS, 1968 A Chronology on Science, Technology, and Policy FOREWORD The preliminary d r a f t chronologies issued monthly during t h e year 1968 a r e now being prepared f o r p u b l i c a t i o n i n t h e annual volume. Are t h e s e d r a f t s complete and c o r r e c t ? Your comments, c r i t i c i s m s , and a d d i t i o n s should be d i r e c t e d t o t h e NASA H i s t o r i c a l Division (EH) by A p r i l 1, 1969, t o v a l i d a t e t h e 1968 published e d i t i o n . &$[&,;:L/, . f,JLi./ Eugene knme NASA H i s t o r i a n (EH) �December 1: Walter P. Reuther Chair f o r study of peaceful use of atomic energy was e s t a b l i s h e d a t Weizmann I n s t i t u t e of Science near T e l Aviv, I s r a e l , through e f f o r t s of United Auto Workers of America. Chair honored l a b o r union' s p r e s i d e n t , Walter P. Reuther. ( ~ e r o n ,E, 12/2/68, 8 ) December 2: H. J u l i a n Allen, who had announced on Oct. 25 h i s retirement a s D i r e c t o r of Ames Research Center, would d e f e r r e t i r e m e n t , NASA announced. Allen would be S p e c i a l A s s i s t a n t t o Associate D i r e c t o r , Office of Advanced Research and Technology, and would serve a s Acting D i r e c t o r of ARC f o r i n d e f i n i t e period. ARC Associate D i r e c t o r James F. Parsons, named t o be Acting D i r e c t o r a f t e r A l l e n ' s r e t i r e m e n t , had become s e r i o u s l y ill w i t h prospect of extended convalescence. (NASA. Ann, 12/2/68) . U.K., West Germany, and t h e Netherlands had decided t o pool s e c r e t s and b u i l d c e n t r i f u g e s e p a r a t i o n p l a n t t o produce cheap enriched-uranium r e a c t o r f u e l , Don Cook r e p o r t e d i n Washington Post. I f s u c c e s s f u l , venture would break U.S. monopoly on enriched uranium, c u r r e n t l y produced by gaseous-diffusion separation. I n 1962 agreement w i t h U.S., t h e c o u n t r i e s had contracted t o keep experimentat ion i n c e n t r i f u g e s e c r e t from each o t h e r . I n a d d i t i o n t o U.S., U.S.S.R. and Communist China pro(W Post, duced enriched uranium by gaseous-diffusion process. 12/2/68, ~ 3 ) published Zond V I photo of 70-mi-wide l u n a r c r a t e r c a r r y i n g name . U.S.S.R. honoring g e n e t i c i s t Nikolay I. Vavilov, who had been sent t o S i b e r i a i n 1939 f o r opposing i d e a s of Trofim D. Lysenko, and h i s b r o t h e r Sergei I. Vavilov, who had l a t e r become p r e s i d e n t of Soviet Academy of Sciences. Nikolay Vavilov d i e d i n S i b e r i a i n 1943; h i s b r o t h e r died i n 1951. Soviet name f o r c r a t e r , Brothers Vavilov, had not y e t been a c c r e d i t e d (TJYT,12/3/68, 36) by I n t e r n a t i o n a l Astronomical Union. . DOD announced issuance of $4,400,000 i n i t i a l increment t o $31,132,689 cost-plus-incentive-fee U W c o n t r a c t with Lockheed M i s s i l e s and Space (DOD Release 1060-68) Co. f o r launch support s e r v i c e s a t WTR. . President Johnson presented 1968 Enrico Fermi Award i n White House ceremony t o D r . John Archibald Wheeler, Princeton Univ. p h y s i c i s t , f o r "pioneering c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o understanding nuclear f i s s i o n and t o developing t h e technology of plutonium production r e a c t o r s and h i s continuing broad c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o nuclear s c i e n c e . " Award c a r r i e d gold medal, c i t a t i o n , and $25,000. (m), 12/9/68, 1656; W Post, 12/3/68, A2; W -3S t a r 12/3/68, ~ 6 ) �U. S. S.R. launched Cosmos CCLVII i n t o o r b i t with 438-km December 3: 272.2-mi) apogee, 269-km (167.2-mi) perigee, 91.6-min period, and i0.90 inclination. (AP, B Sun, 12/4/68; Reuters, C Trib, 12/4/68; GSFC SSR, 12/15/68) - . President Johnson proclaimed Agreement on t h e Rescue of Astronauts, t h e Return of Astronauts, and t h e Return of Space Objects i n e f f e c t with deposit i n t h r e e c a p i t a l s of instruments of r a t i f i c a t i o n by I r e l a n d and Nepal had previously r a t i f i e d U. S., U.S. S.R., and U.K. t r e a t y . It had been signed by 75 countries. (El, 12/9/68, 1658; AP, NYT, 12/5/68> 13; WSA Office of General counsel) - . XB-70A experimental supersonic bomber, p i l o t e d by NASA t e s t p i l o t s Fitzhugh Fulton and Donald L. Mallick, reached mach 1.64 and 39,400-ft a l t i t u d e during l - h r 58-min f l i g h t from Edwards AFB t o t e s t e x i t e r vane i n t e g r a t e d loads and frequency, a s well a s handling q u a l i t i e s performance. A l l primary o b j e c t i v e s were accomplished, although cabin pressure problem n e c e s s i t a t e d manual operation of system. (XB-70 Proj o f f ) . President-elect Richard M. Nixon named D r . Lee A. DuBridge, r e t i r i n g President of Cal Tech, a s h i s Science Adviser and announced formation o f t a s k f o r c e under D r . H. Guyford Stever, President of CarnegieMellon Univ., t o make recommendations i n general science f i e l d and t a s k f o r c e headed by D r . Charles Townes, Nobel P r i z e winning physics p r o f e s s o r a t Univ. of C a l i f o r n i a a t Berkely, t o recommend i n space f i e l d . D r . DuBridge described a s a "very c r i t i c a l matter" l o s s of momentum i n U.S. space program r e s u l t i n g from appropriations c u t s and s a i d reducing a c t i v i t i e s i n b a s i c and applied research damaged n a t i o n ' s f u t u r e . L a t e r , National Science Board Chairman, D r . P h i l l i p Handler of Duke Univ., s a i d of D r . DuBridge, "He has one r a r e a t t r i b u t e wisdom, an unusual commodity. He i s knowledgeable about t h e r o l e of technology i n our s o c i e t y and has a deep b e l i e f i n t h e importance of fundamental r e search t o t h e h e a l t h and welfare of t h e country. And he i s u s u a l l y understanding of t h e problems of t h e p r i v a t e u n i v e r s i t i e s " ( ~ o r n e r W S t a r , 12/3/68; Cohn, W Post, 12/3/68, A7; SBD, 12/4/68, 141; W -3S t a r 12m8, ~ 1 3 ) ... . - . President , Johnson presented Harmon I n t e r n a t i o n a l Aviation Trophy t o f o r p i l o t i n g X-15 rocket research a i r Maj. W i l l i a m J. Knight (UW) c r a f t t o u n o f f i c i a l record speed of 4,520 mph (mach 6.70) Oct. 3, 1967. During White House ceremony President s a i d , I n a t we l e a r n from t h e X-15 program w i l l enable us t o improve on all our a i r c r a f t . The information gained from Major Knight's ' f l y i n g l a b o r a t o r y ' w i l l make t h e a i r p l a n e s of t h e f u t u r e s a f e r , f a s t e r , and more e f f i c i e n t . " (NASA PAO; W Post, 12/4/68, A3; SBD, 12/5/68, 151; PD, 12/9/68, 1660) - - �December 3: Gen. ~ a c o bE. Smart (USAF, Ret ) , NASA A s s i s t a n t Administrator f o r DOD and Interagency - A f f a i r s , addressed Armed Forces Management Assn. I b e l i e v e it would be appropriate on NASA Interagency ~ o o r d i n aion: t f o r t h e President o r t h e Congress t o charge NASA with e x e r c i s i n g t h e l e a d i n a n a t i o n a l R&D program t h a t i s designed t o l e a r n how and t o what degree science, engineering, and technology can be applied t o h e l p t h e Departments of I n t e r i o r , Agriculture, Comerce, Navy, and o t h e r s t o f u l f i l l t h e i r r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s f o r development and management o f n a t u r a l resources.... National decision on whether we undertake development of o p e r a t i o n a l space systems must await outcome of R&D. I s s u e s w i l l be more c l e a r l y i d e n t i f i e d and understood i f t h e President and t h e Congress l e n d t h e i r i n t e r e s t and p u b l i c support t o a f i r s t c l a s s R&D program. " ( ~ e x) t "... . FAA. adopted r u l e proposed i n Sept. 4 announcement t o l i m i t number and t y p e of a i r c r a f t operations a t f i v e "high-densityt' a i r p o r t s i n New York, Washington, and Chicago and included supplemental c a r r i e r s i n same category a s scheduled c a r r i e r s . F i n a l r u l e , e f f e c t i v e A p r i l 27, 1969, dropped proposed requirement t h a t a l l a i r c r a f t o p e r a t i n g instrument f l i g h t r u l e (IFR) a t high-density a i r p o r t s have minimum two-pilot crew and be a b l e t o maintain 150-knot minimum airspeed. (FAA Release 68-76; W S t a r , 12/3/68, A l ; Eisen, W Post, 12/3/68, A l ; Witkin, NYT, 12/4/68, 1)- . Cal Tech s a i d M t . Wilson and M t . Palomar o b s e r v a t o r i e s were keeping c l o s e watch f o r developing sunspots t h a t might t h r e a t en Apollo 8 a s t r o n a u t s w i t h dangerous x-ray r a d i a t i o n . ( ~ e u t e r s ,W Post, 12/5/68, ~ 9 ) December 4: Eugen Sa&ngerMedal of German Society of Aeronautics and A s t r o n a u t i c s was awarded t o U.S. X-15 r e s e a r c h a i r c r a f ' t team i n Bonn, West Germany, f o r X-15 program's c o n t r i b u t i o n t o advancement o f space f l i g h t . Medal honored German r o c k e t r y l e a d e r , D r . Eugen Sanger, f i r s t t o define p o t e n t i a l of hypersonic rocket a i r c r a f t , who died i n 1964. John V. Becker of LaRC accepted award on behalf o f NASA-USN-USAF team. (NASA Release 68-206) . I n New York Times interview, D r . Donald F. Hornig, Science Adviser t o President Johnson, s a i d chief problem f a c i n g h i s successor, D r . Lee A. DuBridge, was f i n d i n g funds f o r science and technology. "The c e n t r a l problem i s p r e s e r v i n g t h e v i t a l i t y , t h e c r e a t i v i t y and t h e e n t r e p r e n e u r i a l surge of t h e establishment. The problem becomes 1 0 times a s acute when money i s t i g h t . " Next science a d v i s e r would have t o o r i e n t new a d m i n i s t r a t i o n t o give science proper p l a c e i n o v e r a l l scheme, D r . Hornig s a i d . One of America's g r e a t s t r e n g t h s was �December 4 (continued)' r e c o g n i t i o n t h a t science, l i k e economics, was p a r t o f everything. New a d m i n i s t r a t i o n would have t o s e t course f o r space program a f t e r manned l u n a r landing. It would have t o decide how t o improve n a t i o n ' s h e a l t h c a r e , d e a l with environmental p o l l u t i o n , and f a c e t e c h n o l o g i c a l problems o f keeping world f r e e of nuclear war. Next a d m i n i s t r a t i o n ought t o f a c e q u e s t i o n of what science and technology could c o n t r i b u t e t o solving manifold problems of c i t i e s , including urban housing and urban t r a n s p o r t . P a r t i c u l a r l y important t a s k would be p r o t e c t i n g and advancing v i t a l i t y of b a s i c science e n t e r p r i s e - - r e s e a r c h devoted t o quest f o r knowledge w i t h no immediate a p p l i c a t i o n s i n mind. Most s c i e n t i s t s agreed h e a l t h and f u t u r e of a l l science and technology r e s t e d on t h i s b a s i c i n v e s t i g a t i v e area. (~chmeck,NYT, 12/5/68, 28) - . Dr. Abe S i l v e r s t e i n , NASA Lewis Research Center D i r e c t o r , received one of s i x $10,000 1968 Rockefeller Public Service Awards--highest p r i v a t e l y s u s t a i n e d honor f o r Federal career s e r v i c e - - i n Washington, D . C . , ceremonies. ( ~ a n ~ Researcher, l e ~ 11/29/68, 1; Causey, W Post, 12/5/68, ~ 2 2 ) . I n l e t t e r t o National Council on Marine Resources and Development, P r e s i d e n t - e l e c t Richard M. Nixon s a i d h i s a d m i n i s t r a t i o n would "consider an i n t e g r a t e d program i n oceanology a f i r s t p r i o r i t y . " (AP, E,12/8/68, 74) December 5: NASA s u c c e s s f u l l y launched European Space Research Organizat i o n ' s 240-lb HEOS-A Highly Eccentric Orbiting S a t e l l i t e from ETR by Thrust -Augmented Thor-Delta booster. Drum-shaped s a t e l l i t e entered o r b i t with 139,452.8-mi (224,428-ha) apogee, 272.8-mi (439-km) p e r i g e e , 113-hr 12-min period, and 28.2' i n c l i n a t i o n . Primary NASA o b j e c t i v e was t o place HEOS-A i n t o e a r t h o r b i t which would permit s u c c e s s f u l achievement of ESRO s c i e n t i f i c o b j e c t i v e s and t o provide s p a c e c r a f t t r a c k i n g and t e l e m e t r y support. Eight onboard experiments designed by nine s c i e n t i f i c groups i n Belgium, France, West Germany, I t a l y , and U. K. would i n v e s t i g a t e i n t e r p l a n e t a r y magnetic f i e l d s and study s o l a r and cosmic-ray p a r t i c l e s o u t s i d e magnetosphere during period of maximum s o l a r a c t i v i t y . By Dec. 30 seven experiments had been turned on and operated s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . Eighth experiment would be a c t i v a t e d two months a f t e r l i f t o f f . Spacecraft c o n t r o l had s h i f t e d t o ESRO Operations Center, Darmstadt Germany. HEOS-A was t h i r d ESRO mission o r b i t e d by NASA, f i r s t ESRO mission on D e l t a launch v e h i c l e , and f i r s t NASA-ESRO reimbursable mission, i n which ESRO would pay U.S. f o r launch v e h i c l e hardware and c e r t a i n launch c o s t s . (WSA P r o j Off; NASA Release 68-204; Wilford, NYT -3 12/6/68; GSFC SSR, 12/15/68) , - �December 5: NASA Deputy Administrator f o r Space Sciences and Applications Oran W. Nicks described a p p l i c a t i o n s of Surveyor and Lunar O r b i t e r techniques t o Mars exploration before AIAA meeting i n Washington, D. C. Two 1971 Mariner O r b i t e r missions would provide new t o o l s f o r survey of dynamic Mars, a r r i v i n g when most s t r i k i n g seasonal changes were evident i n Southern Hemisphere. Their combined o r b i t s and l i f e expectancies would allow observations of dynamic changes i n clouds and surface f e a t u r e s over s e v e r a l months. I n 1973, two a d d i t i o n a l o r b i t e r s would survey Mars from d i f f e r e n t o r b i t s during d i f f e r e n t seasons, with support of landing mission a s prime requirement. Also planned f o r 1973 was survivable landing spacecraft t o make l o c a l measurements of environment, photograph surface and topography, and analyze s o i l . "Burning question of immediate concern t o you and me w i l l be addressed by use of our new t o o l s , l1 Nicks s a i d : " ' I s t h e r e l i f e elsewhere? Has l i f e e x i s t e d on nearby p l a n e t s and disappeared f o r any reason? Can nearby p l a n e t s be made s u i t a b l e f o r l i f e ? ' Together, o r b i t e r s and l a n d e r s form a powerful team f o r t h e study of Mars and f o r seeking answers t o t h e s e questions. Together, t h e y w i l l continue t o extend our c a p a b i l i t i e s i n what i s probably t h e most challenging, open-ended arena f o r expansion o f science and technology i n t h e decade ahead. " ( ~ e x -)t . NASA announced plans t o use T i t a n 1 1 1 - ~ / ~ e n t a u ir n dual launches of 6,000-lb s p a c e c r a f t c o n s i s t i n g of Surveyor-type s o f t l a n d e r s mated t o Mariner 1971 c l a s s Mars o r b i t e r s i n mid-1973, i n P r o j e c t Viking, t o o b t a i n s c i e n t i f i c information on l i f e on Mars. Launched 10 days a p a r t , spacecraft would a r r i v e about seven months l a t e r , when o r b i t e r propulsion systems would place o r b i t e r s and l a n d e r s i n Mars o r b i t . A f t e r reconnaissance, l a n d e r s would be detached and s o f t l a n d on Mars. (NASA Release 68-207 ; Pasadena Independent, 12/6/68) . Wall S t r e e t J o u r n a l e d i t o r i a l s a i d major t a s k of new P r e s i d e n t i a l Science Adviser, D r . Lee A. DuBridge, would be "to t r y t o h e l p i n s t i l l some semblance of order i n t h e Government's massive involvement i n science." While DOD and NASA had been b i g g e s t science spenders, o t h e r agencies were extensively involved. "Because t h e r e was such a l i m i t e d e f f o r t t o s e t p r i o r i t i e s i n t h e f i r s t p l a c e , i t ' s hard f o r anyone t o know f o r sure which programs t h e n a t i o n now can best a f f o r d t o slow down o r abandon.. [ ~ r ] . DuBridge now must t r y t o plan t h e f u t u r e course of Federal science, somehow r e c o n c i l i n g a l l t h e competing pressures from s c i e n t i s t s , u n i v e r s i t i e s , industry, Congress, maybe even taxpayers." (WSJ, 12/5/68) .. �Lewis Research Center announced NASA-developed a r t i f i c i a l December 5: h e a r t c o n t r o l system d e l i v e r e d t o Cleveland C l i n i c , Cleveland, Ohio, would a s s i s t r e s e a r c h i n t o ways man-made v e n t r i c l e could a s s i s t damaged n a t u r a l h e a r t . Later system could be modified t o c o n t r o l a r t i f i c i a l replacement h e a r t . E l e c t r o n i c R-wave d e t e c t o r s o r t e d h e a r t beat from background noise i n electrocardiogram t o synchronize b e a t i n a r t i f i c i a l h e a r t with n a t u r a l h e a r t and gave synchronization s i g n a l t o p r o g r a m e r , which could a d j u s t pumping o f a r t i f i c i a l v e n t r i c l e t o needs of body. ( L ~ R CRelease 68-80) . ComSatCorp announced it had placed i n f u l l t i m e commercial operation two new e a r t h s t a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s a t Jamesburg, C a l i f . , and Pawnalu, Hawaii, t o handle U. S. - P a c i f i c a r e a communications v i a INTELSAT-I1 F-4 (LPJTELSAT 11-D) s a t e l l i t e . ( ~ o m ~ a t ~ Release orp 68-66) - . Scientists a t Univ. of C a l i f o r n i a a t Los Angeles, t e s t i n g t o determine i f l i f e could e x i s t i n h o s t i l e environment of Venus, s a i d t h e y had grown algae i n atmosphere of 10& carbon dioxide. They s a i d Venus More complex p l a n t s had not survived, r e p o r t e d had more t h a n 9@. D r . Willard F. Libby, Robe1 p r i z e winner i n chemistry, D r . Joseph Seckbach of I s r a e l , and D r . I r e n e Aegerter of Switzerland. (AP, 12/8/68, 35) m, . Washington Post e d i t o r i a l commented on FAA ' s l i m i t a t i o n of operations a t f i v e major a i r p o r t s [ s e e Dec. 31: "It i s unfortunate, of course, t h a t t h e c a p a c i t y of a i r p o r t s a t New York, Chicago and Washington have not kept up with t h e growth of t h e Nation's a i r f l e e t . But a i r p o r t s do have l i m i t s , and it i s growing i n c r e a s i n g l y c l e a r t h a t t h e only s o l u t i o n t o congestion problems i s t o s e p a r a t e commercial and non-commercial t r a f f i c . It would make f a r more sense f o r t h o s e who f e e l t h e y have been u n f a i r l y t r e a t e d by t h e FAA's a c t i o n t o campaign f o r more r e l i e v e r a i r p o r t s around l a r g e c i t i e s (and t h e t a x e s on a i r p o r t u s e r s t o pay f o r them) t h a n t o attempt t o overturn t h e FAA d e c i s i o n . " (W Post, 12/5/68, ~ 2 0 ) ... . DOD announced US@ s c i e n t i s t s , i n study conducted by A i r Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, would f l y KC-135 f l y i n g ionospheric l a b o r a t o r y around a u r o r a l o v a l i n A r c t i c during seven-day s e r i e s of f i r s t f l i g h t s attempted along t h i s r o u t e . Purpose was t o o b t a i n d a t a on s p a t i a l e x t e n t and i n t e n s i t y of o p t i c a l and r a d i o auroras i n mid-winter and d e f i n e r e l a t i o n s h i p s between them. USAF was i n t e r e s t e d i n influence of a u r o r a s on r a d i o communication and navigation and on r a d a r s u r v e i l l a n c e . AFCRL s c i e n t i s t s hoped, eventually, t o p r e d i c t occurrence and s e v e r i t y of (DOD Release 1065-68) auroral activity. �December 5 : USN announced a u t h o r i z a t i o n of $22 m i l l i o n t o E l e c t r i c Boat Div. o f General Dynamics Corp. f o r planning and procurement of m a t e r i a l s and equipment f o r "quietfl nuclear-powered submarine. Award brought t o t a l a l l o c a t i o n t h u s f a r t o $30.5 m i l l i o n . I n i t i a l $8.5 m i l l i o n was f o r design. (UPI, W Post, 12/5/68, m) . USAT launched t h r e e Athena m i s s i l e s from Green River, Utah, carrying r e s e a r c h payloads t o o b t a i n b a l l i s t i c m i s s i l e r e e n t r y d a t a under ABRES Vehicles r e e n t e r e d atmosphere over ASMR. (SBD -9 12/13/68, 196) December 6: Aerobee 150 M I sounding rocket launched by NASA from WSMR c a r r i e d American Science and Engineering, Inc., payload t o 92.6-mi (149-lnn) a l t i t u d e t o c o l l e c t d a t a on c e l e s t i a l x-ray sources i n 1- t o 20-kev range. Rocket and instruments performed s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . (NASARpt SRL) . I n major o r g a n i z a t i o n a l changes a t MSFC, D r . W. R. Lucas, D i r e c t o r of PropuLsion and Vehicle Engineering Laboratory was named D i r e c t o r f o r Program Development, e f f e c t i v e Dec. 16; Dave Newby was named D i r e c t o r of Center Operations; and D r . Ernst Stuhlinger, D i r e c t o r of Space Sciences Laboratory, was named Associate D i r e c t o r f o r Science--all new p o s i t i o n s . MSFC Research and Development Operations would become Science and Engineering, with Hermann K. Weidner remaining D i r e c t o r ; I n d u s t r i a l Operations would become Program Management under same d i r e c t o r , E. F. OtConnor. D r . Wernher von Braun, MSFC D i r e c t o r , s a i d major f u n c t i o n of new fiogram Development organization would be t o "harden" complete package p l a n s f o r new programs, such a s space s t a t i o n . D i r e c t o r f o r Program Development would "help c h a r t t h e course f o r t h i s Center i n t h e p o s t Apollo period, keeping i n mind our Apollo program requirements and AAP o b l i g a t i o n s . " (MSFCRelease 68-276 ; Marshall S t a r , 12/11/68, 1) . NASA. announced f i r s t s u c c e s s f u l o r b i t a l operation of two low-thrust space engines during f i v e separate t e s t s i n two-month l i f e t i m e of ATS TV s p a c e c r a f t . Ion, o r e l e c t r i c a l engines, producing t h r u s t o f l e s s t h a n 20 micropounds, haa been f i r e d f o r t o t a l 23 h r - a n d performed p e r f e c t l y . Ion engines f o r f u t u r e s p a c e c r a f t were i d e a l systems f o r countering g r a v i t a t i o n a l a t t r a c t i o n between s p a c e c r a f t , moon and sun, and e l l i p t i c a l e q u a t o r i a l section--to keep s a t e l l i t e s t a t i o n a r y f o r conducting comunicat ions, meteorological, and n a v i g a t i o n a l experiments They had c o n t r o l l a b l e t h r u s t l e v e l and d i r e c t i o n , higher f u e l e f f i c i e n c y , and longer f u e l l i f e t h a n chemically p r o p e l l e d engines. Reservoir of 1/10 l b cesium could . �December 6 (continued) keep synchronous s a t e l l i t e s t a t i o n a r y f o r more than t h r e e years. Before t e s t , propulsion experts had expected ion engine f i r i n g s might c r e a t e r a d i o frequency i n t e r f e r e n c e . Test showed no i n t e r f e r e n c e . Two more i o n engines were planned f o r t e s t i n g aboard ATS-E, scheduled f o r August 1969 launch. (NASARelease 68-205) . Apollo 7 Astronaut Walter M. S c h i r r a , Jr., received K i t t y Hawk Memorial Trophy f o r d i s t i n g u i s h e d achievement i n aeronautics a t annual Wright Brothers memorial banquet i n Beverly H i l l s , Calif. Banquet commemorated 65th anniversary of f l i g h t of K i t t y Hawk. (UPI, W S t a r , 12/7/68, ~ 2 ) - . ComSat Corp f i l e d a p p l i c a t i o n f o r a u t h o r i t y t o construct e a r t h s t a t i o n f o r s a t e l l i t e communications i n Alaska, Talkeetna Village. 90 m i north of Anchorage near (com~at~o Release r~ 68-68) . I n Washington Post, Thomas OIToole s a i d Howard Hughes o r g a n i z a t i o n ' s holding company, Hughes Nevada Operations, had requested p u b l i c d i s c l o s u r e of alledged DOD study - by - Harvard Univ.'s D r . George Kistiakowsky and MIT'S D r . Jerome Wiesner and James K i l l i a n , S p e c i a l Report on Underground Testing_, which it claimed concluded t h e r e was no reason f o r continued underground atomic t e s t s . Study was s a i d t o have been made f o r former Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara a t cost of $250,000. -DOD spokesman denied existance of study, while Science Adviser t o President Johnson, D r . Donald F. Hornig, s a i d only t h a t he had met with t o p p h y s i c i s t s i n November t o discuss s a f e t y of underground t e s t i n g . "We may make a p u b l i c r e p o r t on it. The subject seems t o be of enough importance t o warrant a public a i r i n g , " D r . Hornig s a i d . (W Post, 12/6/68, 87) December 7 : NASA' s OAO I1 ( O A O - ~ 2Orbiting ) Astronomical Observatory was s u c c e s s f u l l y launched from ETR by two-stage Atlas-Centaur booster. O r b i t a l parameters: apogee, 485.7 m i (781.6 km); gerigee, 479.2 m i (771.2 km) ; period, 100.4 min; and i n c l i n a t i o n , 35 Heaviest and most complex automated spacecraft ever developed by U.S., OAO I1 was 7 f t wide and 1 0 f ' t high, weighed 4,400 l b , c a r r i e d 11 t e l e s c o p e s , and contained 238,000 separate p a r t s Primary mission o b j e c t i v e was t o demonstrate f l i g h t operation t o support two experiments provided by Smithsonian Astrophysical Observat o r y and Univ. of Wisconsin f o r a t l e a s t 30 days. Secondary o b j e c t i v e was t o o b t a i n s c i e n t i f i c d a t a over a range of s t a r magnitudes and wavelengths f o r a t l e a s t 50 hr. Experiments would observe i n t e r s t e l l a r dust and extremely young hot s t a r s i n W p o r t i o n of spectrum not v i s i b l e t o human eye o r earth-based observatories. S a t e l l i t e would be a b l e t o . . �December 7 (continued) c o l l e c t s i x hours of W d a t a p e r day--twice a s much a s had been obtained i n 1 5 yr from 40 sounding rocket launches. Through i t s complex groundcommand s p a c e c r a f t - a t t i t u d e system OAO I1 would be aimed a t i n d i v i d u a l o b j e c t s i n space w i t h p r e c i s i o n never before a t t a i n e d by an o r b i t i n g s a t e l l i t e . Information from experiments would be radioed t o e a r t h a s d i g i t a l d a t a f o r a n a l y s i s by experimenters. By Dec. 10 a l l s p a c e c r a f t equipment had been t u r n e d on and operated s a t i s f a c t o r i l y : s a t e l l i t e had been placed i n i t s sunbathing mode with i t s s o l a r panels o r i e n t e d toward sun; i t s s i x s t a r t r a c k e r s had been a c t i v a t e d ; t h r e e of t h e t r a c k e r s had been locked on t o preplanned guide s t a r s ; and s a t e l l i t e had e s t a b l i s h e d t h r e e - a x i s s t a b i l i z a t i o n . Smithsonian experiment i n i t i a l power had been t u r n e d on. Wisconsin Experiment Package would be t u r n e d on Dec. ll. OAO I1 was second j.n s e r i e s of f o u r s p a c e c r a f t i n NASA's OAO program t o o b t a i n p r e c i s e astronomical observations of c e l e s t i a l o b j e c t s above e a r t h ' s atmosphere. OAO I had been launched i n t o almost p e r f e c t o r b i t A p r i l 6, 1966, but had f a i l e d because of power supply system malfunction and probable high v o l t a g e a r c i n g i n s t a r t r a c k e r . OAO program was managed by GSFC under OSSA d i r e c t i o n . (NASA P r o j Off; NASA Release 68-186K; KSC Release KSC-511-68; UPI, W S t a r , 12/8/68, A5; OIToole, W P o s t , 12/8/68, AP, W S t a r , 12/9/68, A6; -3SBD 12/10/68, 172; S e h l s t e d t , B Sun, l 2 / W 8 , ~ 5 ) - - December 8 : MSC s a i d Chief Test P i l o t Joseph S. A l g r a n t i s u c c e s s f u l l y e j e c t e d from LLTV about f o u r minutes i n t o planned six-minute f l i g h t , when l a r g e l a t e r a l - c o n t r o l o s c i l l a t i o n developed a s he descended from maximum a l t i t u d e of 550 f t . He e j e c t e d a t 200 f't and landed by parachute while $1.8-million v e h i c l e crashed and burned s e v e r a l hundred f e e t away. F l i g h t was 1 4 t h f o r t h i s LLTV. Astronaut Walter M. S c h i r r a , Jr., was named chairman of board t o i n v e s t i g a t e a c c i d e n t . (MSC S p e c i a l Release; W Post, 12/9/68, 1; SBD, 12/10/68, 172) . I n New York Times, Walter S u l l i v a n s a i d P r e s i d e n t - e l e c t Richard M. Nixon's entourage had discussed c r e a t i o n of Cabinet post f o r science and t e c h nology. "The science a d v i s e r , i n t h e view of t h e Nixon entourage, has been unable t o streamline t h e machinery f o r making science p o l i c y . Science, and t h e problems r e l a t i n g t o i t , has outgrown i t s o l d boundar i e s . The b i g problems a r e i n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r y . Their s o l u t i o n r e q u i r e s e x p e r t i s e i n many f i e l d s , and t h e cooperation of many d e p a r t ments of government. This has l e d t o a p r o l i f e r a t i o n of i n t e r d e p a r t mental committees. " However, "because t h e c r e a t i o n of a Cabinet post would have major repercussions within t h e s c i e n t i f i c establishment, it i s u n l i k e l y t h a t such a s t e p w i l l be t a k e n until t h e r e has been an e x t e n s i v e study, l a s t i n g perhaps a year o r more." (NYT, - 12/8/68, 3 ~ ) �December 9: NASA's HL-10lif'ting body v e h i c l e , p i l o t e d by Maj. J e r a u l d R. Gentry (usAF), s u c c e s s f u l l y completed second rocket-powered f l i g h t from Edwards AFB reaching mach 0.8 (550 mph) a t a l t i t u d e approaching 50,000 f t . (WSA P r o j O f f ; AP, B Sun, 12/10/68, 5 ) . At White House dinner, President Johnson presented r e t i r e d NASA Administ r a t o r James E. Webb h i g h e s t c i v i l i a n award, P r e s i d e n t i a l Medal of Freedom, and honored 23 Apollo a s t r o n a u t s , Charles A. Lindbergh, and heads of r o c k e t - b u i l d i n g firms. Award was made t o Webb a s "a most distinguished public administrator a f a r s i g h t e d and f o r c e f u l l e a d e r of t h i s Nation i n t h e pioneer e x p l o r a t i o n of o u t e r space, opening new f r o n t i e r s of discovery and progress f o r t h e American people." I n predinner ceremony, document f o r White House T r e a t y Room was signed by Apollo 7 a s t r o n a u t s Walter M. S c h i r r a , Jr., R. Walter Cunningham, and Donn F. E i s e l e ; Apollo 8 Astronauts William A. Anders, Frank Borman, and James A. Lovell, Jr.; and Lindbergh. Also i n T r e a t y Room were commemorations of May 2l, 1963, v i s i t t o White House by Astronaut L. Gordon Cooper following 22-orbit mission i n F a i t h V I I May 15-16 and June 17, 1965, award of Exceptional Service Medal t o l a t e Astronaut Edward H. White, 11, and Astronaut James A. McDivitt following f i r s t U.S. space walk during June 3-7 Gemini IU mission. I n exchange of dinner t o a s t s President Johnson s a i d t h a t " i n t h e hundreds of laws on which I have answered t h e r o l l c a l l , t h e b i l l s t h a t I have sponsored o r cosponsored o r amended o r defeated, t h e r e i s not a s i n g l e one t h a t gives more p r i d e t h a n t h e Space Act." Responding, Webb c i t e d t h r e e generations of s p a c e c r a f t i n 1 0 yr, "put t o u s e . . . i n every major f i e l d , " and s a i d he had " s t r o n g l y h e l d view t h a t i n t h e kind of world we l i v e i n , our Nation needs t h i s kind of success i n t h i s kind of endeavor." (PD, 12/16/68, 1689-91; McCardle, W P o s t , 12/10/68, D l ; ~ h e l t o n , W9-S t a r 12/10/68, B6; -9TSrT 12/10/68, ... . World Meteorological Organization, U.N. agency managing World Weather Watch p r o j e c t , s a i d work was w e l l advanced, according t o UPI. System would be f u l l y o p e r a t i o n a l i n 1971 and save world economy estimated $17 b i l l i o n annually i n l o s s e s caused by unexpected weather changes. System c a l l e d f o r 29,000 observations d a i l y , o f which 24,000 were a l r e a d y being made. A d d i t i o n a l 2,500 by 1971 would b r i n g implementat i o n l e v e l t o 91y. World c e n t e r s had been e s t a b l i s h e d a t Melbourne, Moscow, and Washington and would be computerized by 1969, i n c r e a s i n g d a i l y output of 134 c h a r t s t o 223 by 1971. A d d i t i o n a l l y , 21 r e g i o n a l c e n t e r s i s s u i n g 1,191 c h a r t s d a i l y would i n c r e a s e output t o 1,830 c h a r t s by 1971 and, e v e n t u a l l y , would be l i n k e d t o g l o b a l communications system. Observations would be made by land surface s t a t i o n s 300 m i a p a r t throughout world with exception of d e s e r t a r e a s . F u r t h e r d a t a �December 9 (continued) w o d d be passed on by weather s h i p s , upper-air s e a s t a t i o n s , a i r c r a f t , and meteorological s a t e l l i t e s . (W -9S t a r 12/9/68, ~ 8 ) December 9-12; New York Times and Washington Evening S t a r published c o n t e n t s of unreleased d r a f t r e p o r t by P r e s i d e n t i a l t a s k f o r c e appointed i n 1967 t o formulate n a t i o n a l communications p o l i c y d e a l i n g with r a p i d t e c h n o l o g i c a l changes and providing f o r adequate Government supervision. Report would recommend r e o r g a n i z a t i o n of U.S. communications i n d u s t r y t o include Government-sponsored monopoly t o t r a n s m i t a l l i n t e r n a t i o n a l communications- -including ComSat Corp s a t e l l i t e s and ground s t a t i o n s ; AT&T underseas c a b l e s ; and t e r m i n a l s and switching s t a t i o n s of "record" c a r r i e r s ITT World Communications, Inc. , RCA Communications, I n c and West e r n Union I n t e r n a t i o n a l , Inc If ComSat Corp became s i n g l e i n t e r n a t i o n a l " e n t i t y , " committee ' s recommendations would preclude it from becoming owner and manager of domestic s a t e l l i t e conmunications system f o r which t h e r e p o r t would propose p i l o t program. Committee claimed s i n g l e e n t i t y could make more balanced investment choice on whether t o l a y more cables o r launch s a t e l l i t e s and would e l i m i n a t e need f o r d u p l i c a t e transmission f a c i l i t i e s . Conclusions were challenged i n d i s s e n t i n g footnote t o r e p o r t by D r . Edward C. Welsh, Executive S e c r e t a r y of E4SC, who s a i d merger would i n h i b i t development of s a t e l l i t e technology and reduce t e c h n o l o g i c a l competition between c a b l e s and s a t e l l i t e s t h a t could r e s u l t i n lower r a t e s . Report a l s o would recommend informal merger of p o s t a l and t e l e g r a p h s e r v i c e s , w i t h Western Union Telegraph Co. permitted t o o p e r a t e i n post o f f i c e s ; r e l a x a t i o n o f FCC r e s t r i c t i o n s on cable TV t o p r o t e c t broadc a s t e r s ; and Government sponsorship of experimental program t o t e s t TV's u s e f u l n e s s i n a s s i s t i n g m i n o r i t y groups. Report s a i d major f i n d i n g was "the need t o s t r e n g t h e n Government c a p a b i l i t i e s , both i n FCC and t h e Executive Branch and p r i v a t e i n d u s t r y t o develop and implement p o l i c i e s " which would enable Government and i n d u s t r y t o r e a l i z e f u l l p o t e n t i a l of communications. ( ~ i n n e -3~ NIr"r , 12/9/68, 1; 12/10/68, 1; Aug, W 3-S t a r 12/12/68, ~ 1 3 ) ., . December 10: Cosmos CCLVIII was s u c c e s s f u l l y launched by U.S.S.R. i n t o o r b i t w i t h 302-km (187.6-mi) apogee, 206-km (128-mi) p e r i g e e , 89.5-min p e r i o d , and 64. 9U i n c l i n a t i o n . S a t e l l i t e r e e n t e r e d Dec. 18. (UPI, W S t a r , 12/10/68, A6; AP, NYT, 12/11/68, 6; GSFC SSR, 12/15/68; 1 2 m 6 8) - �December LO: NASA announced award of $1,046,123 c o n t r a c t t o Thiokol Chemical Corp.'s Elkton, Md., Div. f o r development of more powerful s o l i d rocket f o r automated missions, including p o s s i b l e use a s 3rd s t a g e f o r Centaur and Delta. New 3rd s t a g e was expected t o be ready f o r use i n 1971. (NASA Release 68-210) , NASA announced j o i n t 1969 p r o j e c t w i t h German Federal M i n i s t r y f o r S c i e n t i f i c Research (BMWF) t o photograph e a r t h ' s magnetic l i n e s of f o r c e high i n space would involve r e l e a s e of barium vapor by NASA Scout r o c k e t a t 20,000-mi a l t i t u d e . S c i e n t i s t s would use s p e c i a l o p t i c a l equipment t o view r e s u l t a n t glowing ionized cloud along magnetic f i e l d l i n e and v i s u a l l y map electromagnetic f o r c e s a c t i n g i n barium a r e a . Barium r e l e a s e technique, pioneered by Prof. Reimar Luest of Max Planck I n s t i t u t e , r e q u i r e d e j e c t i o n of barium copper oxide mixture t h a t vaporized on r e l e a s e ; u l t r a v i o l e t r a d i a t i o n from sun would i o n i z e p o r t i o n of barium. Agreement on p r o j e c t c a l l e d f o r BMwF t o provide payload, two ground observer s t a t i o n s , and d a t a a n a l y s i s . NASA would f u r n i s h r o c k e t , conduct launch from WSA Wallops S t a t i o n , and provide t r a c k i n g and communications s e r v i c e s . (RAS-4Release 68-211) . MSC had awarded $16.4 m i l l i o n , one-year extension t o cost -plus-awardf e e c o n t r a c t w i t h Lockheed E l e c t r o n i c s Co. Div. of Lockheed A i r c r a f t Corp,, NASA announced. Award was f o r general e l e c t r o n i c , instrumentat i o n , and engineering support s e r v i c e s , bringing t o t a l c o n t r a c t value t o $46.4 m i l l i o n . (NASA Release 68-209) . Washington Daily News e d i t o r i a l commented on statement by p h y s i c i s t D r . Ralph E. Lapp warning o f p o s s i b l e dangers i n Apollo 8 mission [ s e e Dec. 141: h here a r e perhaps sound reasons involving n a t i o n a l p r e s t i g e f o r t r y i n g t o be t h e f i r s t n a t i o n t o send men i n t o a moon o r b i t . But s u r e l y no such reasons a r e compelling enough t o cut c o r n e r s on s a f e t y . The t e c h n i c a l arguments advanced by D r . Lapp a r e f a r t o o complex t o be resolved by laymen. But af%er t h e t r a g i c f i r e t h a t took t h e l i v e s of t h r e e of our Apollo spacemen two y e a r s ago it should not be necessary t o urge t h a t t h e National Aeronautics and Space Administration e x e r c i s e a l l due prudence--even a t t h e risk of l o s i n g t h e r a c e around t h e moon." (W News, 12/10/68, 24) . S e c r e t a r y of Defense Clark C l i f f o r d P r o j e c t 693, $ 3 - b i l l i o n cutback i n by Revenue and Expenditure Control m i l l i o n r e d u c t i o n i n MOL program. 12/11/68, 176) announced DOD had completed F Y 1969 expenditures r e q u i r e d Act of 1968, , including $85(DOD Release 1083-68; -9SBD �December 10: Soviet Finance M i n i s t e r V a s i l y Garbuzov t o l d semiannual budget meeting of Supreme Soviet i n Moscow t h a t nominal U.S.S.R. defense spending i n i969 would i n c r e a s e 6$, from 16.7 b i l l i o n t o 17.7 b i l l i o n r u b l e s . I n s t i t u t e of S t r a t e g i c Studies i n London had estimated before Aug. 20 inva,sion of Czechoslovakia t h a t r e a l Soviet m i l i t a r y spending f o r 1968 would be approximately equivalent t o $50 b i l l i o n . Thus, announced i n c r e a s e s would b r i n g t o t a l 1969 budget t o some $53 b i l l i o n , a s a g a i n s t $80 b i l l i o n f o r U. S. , which had a l l o c a t e d $30 b i l l i o n f o r c o s t s of Vietnam War. However, Soviet f i g u r e d i d not include m i l i t a r y R&D and investment i n defense i n d u s t r i e s . Budget a l s o d i s c l o s e d continued expansion of government support f o r s c i e n t i f i c research. haba bad, NYT, 12/11/68, 1; Shub, W Post, 1 2 / l l / 6 8 , a) - December 11: P r e s i d e n t - e l e c t Richard M. Nixon introduced h i s Cabinet Among appointments, on nationwide TV from Washington, D.C. W i l l i a m P. Rogers, Washington a t t o r n e y and Eisenhower Administration Attorney General, would serve a s S e c r e t a r y of S t a t e ; Rep. Melvin R. L a i r d (R- is. ) as S e c r e t a r y of Defense; and Massachusetts Gov. John A. Volpe, a s S e c r e t a r y of Transportation. ( ~ e r b e r s ,NYT, 12/12/68) , . Apollo - 8 crew, wearing t h e i r s p a c e s u i t s , p a r t i c i p a t e d i n f i n a l 2 h r 45 min of countdown r e h e a r s a l f o r Dec. 21 launch. completed four-day r e h e a r s a l f u l l y f u e l e d Dec. 10. 12/11/68, A g ; UPI, W S t a r , 12/11/68, ~ 4 ) - Spacecraft had (AP, B Sun, . NASA was unsuccessful i n second P r o j e c t SHAPE (Supersonic High A l t i t u d e Parachute ~ x p e r i m e nst ) attempt a t WSMR when parachute was e j e c t ed prematurely from five-foot-long c a n i s t e r af'ter t h r e e - s t a g e rocket had s u c c e s s f u l l y p r o p e l l e d payload t o 33-mi a l t i t u d e . F i r s t t e s t Oct. 23 had been s u c c e s s f u l . (NASA Release 68-216) . ~ 6 d G r a t i o nA6ronautique I n t e r n a t i o n a l e (FAI) had e s t a b l i s h e d Yuri Gagarin gold medal honoring cosmonaut who became f i r s t man i n space A p r i l 12, 1961, during Soviet Vostok I mission, Space Business Daily reported. Medal would be awarded annually t o p i l o t c o n t r i b u t i n g b e s t performance of y e a r i n p e a c e f u l e x p l o r a t i o n of space. (SBD, - 1 2 / l l / 6 8 , 178) . Cal Tech's D r . Maarten Schmidt received Rumford Premium, n a t i o n ' s o l d e s t science award f o r "the most important discovery o r u s e f u l improvement. on heat and on l i g h t " a t American Academy of A r t s and Sciences dinner i n Boston, Mass. Award, e s t a b l i s h e d i n 1796 by Benjamin Thompson, Count Runford, c o n s i s t e d o f medal and .. �December 11 (continued) $5,000. D r . Schmidt had determined i n t e n s e r a d i o emission of quasars i n d i c a t e d t h e y were moving away from e a r t h a t speeds up t o 149;000 mps, o r about 8@ of speed of l i g h t . (AP, W 3-S t a r 12/12/68, ~ 2 ) r Explorer C ) and Explorer XL Explorer XXXIX ( ~ i Density December 13: (1njun V ) launched a s dual payload Aug. 8, were adjudged s u c c e s s f u l by NASA. Explorer XXXIX balloon had been e j e c t e d and f u l l y i n f l a t e d . Explorer X L had despun, extended booms, and t u r n e d on experiments s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . Malfunction i n s p a c e c r a f t ' s power subsystem had caused l o s s of 1 / 3 of power generated by s o l a r p a n e l s , reducing q u a n t i t y but not a f f e c t i n g q u a l i t y o f data. S a t e l l i t e would e n t e r f u l l s u n l i g h t Sept. 1 8 , 1969, p e r m i t t i n g o r i g i n a l l y planned d a t a a c q u i s i t i o n r a t e . (NASA Proj o f f ) , . NASA announced agency and DOD had agreed j o i n t l y t o make computer programs a v a i l a b l e t o i n d u s t r y , educational i n s t i t u t i o n s , s c i e n t i f i c and t e c h n i c a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s , and o t h e r s through Computer Softwear Management and Information Center (COSMIC). E s t a b l i s h e d i n 1966 under NASA c o n t r a c t a t Univ. of Georgia, COSMIC l i s t e d some 350 computer programs f o r s a l e a t f r a c t i o n of c o s t . More t h a n 100 DOD programs, w i t h a d d i t i o n a l NASA programs, would be added during 1969. P a r t of NASA Office of Technology U t i l i z a t i o n e f f o r t t o encourage secondary use of aerospace R&D r e s u l t s , COSMIC o f f e r e d d e s i g n information f o r e l e c t r o n i c p r i n t e d - c i r c u i t boards and programs f o r such jobs a s inventory c o n t r o l , accounting, d a t a c o n t r o l , s t r e s s a n a l y s i s , equipment checkout, and s t r u c t u r a l t e s t i n g . (NASA Release 68-212) . Cal Tech t r u s t e e s announced choice of A i r Force S e c r e t a r y , D r . Harold Brown, t o r e p l a c e D r . Lee DuBridge, who resigned e f f e c t i v e Jan. 20 t o become Science Adviser t b resident-elect Richard M. Nixon. (UPI, W S t a r 12/14/68, A3; W Post, 12/15/68, A6) -, . Naval Ship Command System had awarded $13.5-million c o n t r a c t t o Todd Shipyards Corp. f o r f i r s t of nine oceanographic s h i p s of r a d i c a l l y new design. Prototype would provide USN with i t s f i r s t catamaran-style h u l l . Diesel-propelled, 246-ft-long s h i p would be designated GOR-16 ( f o r g e n e r a l ocean r e s e a r c h ) . 12/13/68, 86) (m, �NASA's OAO 11, launched Dec. 7, photographed t h r e e unnamed December 14: s t a r s i n Draco C o n s t e l l a t i o n 2,000 l i g h t y e a r s from e a r t h , near Vega between Big and L i t t l e Dippers--to make f i r s t u l t r a v i o l e t photographs of s t a r s . Photos were t a k e n by t e l e s c o p e s of Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory experiments aboard s a t e l l i t e and used W r a d i a t i o n which d i d not p e n e t r a t e e a r t h ' s atmosphere. They gave GSFC astronomers enough informat i o n t o r e c o n s t r u c t f a i r l y d e t a i l e d images of s t a r s , GSFC spokesman s a i d . (OSSA; UPI, NYT, 12/15/68; SBD, 12/17/68, 208) - - . U.S.S.R. launched Cosmos CCLIX from Kapustin Yar i n t o o r b i t with 1,331-lrm ( 8 3 - m i 2 apogee, 213-km (132.4-mi) p e r i g e e , 100.3-min p e r i o d , and 48.4 i n c l i n a t i o n . E uipment was f u n c t i o n i n g normally. (GSFC SSR, 12/15/68, 2J-0; S 12717/68, 210) - . - I n Washington Evening S t a r , John Lannan s a i d deep sea d r i l l i n g between U. S. and A f r i c a by s c i e n t i s t s of J o i n t Oceanographic I n s t i t u t i o n s f o r Deep E a r t h Sampling (JODES) had confirmed t h a t s e a f l o o r was spreadi n g and pushing Europe and America f a r t h e r a p a r t . Evidence, brought t o s u r f a c e i n samples, o r cores, e x t r a c t e d from e a r t h ' s bottom, showed f l u i d i n t e r n a l mass of molten rock under ocean was s t i l l welli n g up along mid-Atlantic Ridge. Cores i n d i c a t e d " t h i s newly formed c r u s t must spread slowly a s i d e , l i k e a g i a n t conveyor b e l t , continuously accumulating sediment. . . t h r o u hout m i l l i o n s of years a s it moves," s c i e n t i s t s s a i d . (W 9-S t a r 1$14/68, ~ l ) . I n New Republic interview, D r . Ralph E. Lapp, p h y s i c i s t and a s s i s t a n t l a b o r a t o r y d i r e c t o r of World War I1 Manhattan P r o j e c t , s a i d : "We a r e pushing our luck, gambling t h a t everything w i l l work p e r f e c t l y " on Apollo 8 mission. He advised d e l a y i n program so t h a t Apollo 9, configured t o have r e l i e f - c a p a b i l i t y , would be on pad ready f o r launch should Apollo 8 "run i n t o t r o u b l e . ' ' Asked i f U.S. could a f f o r d t o d e l a y Apollo 8, D r . Lapp s a i d , "The b a s i c f a c t o r i s not r e a l l y t e c h n i c a l . We a r e r a c i n g t h e Russians t o t h e moon. A l o t of people i n KASA and i n i n d u s t r y a r e hoping t h a t a s u c c e s s f u l Apollo-8 o r b i t i n g of t h e moon--or even circumnavigation--will b u i l d up p u b l i c support f o r an i n v i g o r a t e d manned space program. I t ' s j u s t one of t h e weighty techno-decisions f a c i n g M r . Nixon. He i s committed t o funding out t h e Apollo program--but p o s t - ~ ~ o l lprograms o await h i s d e c i s i o n . " (AP, W S t a r , 12/9/68; W Post, 12/9/68, 3; New Republic, 12/14/68, 16-9) - - December 15: BASA s u c c e s s f u l l y launched ESSA V I I I (TOS-F), e i g h t h meteorol o g i c a l s a t e l l i t e i n ESSA's T i r o s Operational S a t e l l i t e (TOS) system, from WTR by two-stage, Thrust-Augmented, Long-Tank Thor-Delta b o o s t e r . Primary NASA mission o b j e c t i v e was t o provide g l o b a l cloud coverage �December 15 (continued) on r e g u l a r , d a i l y b a s i s with six-month nominal and three-month minimum l i f e t i m e . S a t e l l i t e achieved n e a r l y p o l a r , sun-synchronous c i r c u l a r o r b i t w i t h 902.8-mi (1,493.8-km) apogee, 87.4-mi (1,406.5-km) p e r i g e e , 114.6-min p e r i o d , and 101.9' i n c l i n a t i o n . An advanced v e r s i o n of cartwheel configuration, 300-lb ESSA V I I I c a r r i e d two Automatic P i c t u r e Transmission (APT) cameras which would photograph e a r t h ' s cloud cover and immediately t r a n s m i t p i c t u r e s t o l o c a l APT s t a t i o n s i n 52 n a t i o n s . During f i r s t 22 o r b i t s s p a c e c r a f t underwent o r i e n t a t i o n maneuver t o place it i n wheel mode and s p i n r a t e was a d j u s t e d by 0 . 2 rpm. By Dec. 1 9 a l l s p a c e c r a f t systems had been s u c c e s s f u l l y programmed and e x c e l l e n t p i c t u r e s had been read o u t . ESSA. financed and managed TOS system and would o p e r a t e s p a c e c r a f t a f t e r NASA completed checkout l a t e r i n month. GSFC was r e s p o n s i b l e f o r procurement, launch, and i n i t i a l checkout of m a c e c r a f t i n o r b i t . ESSA V I I I was 1 8 t h ~ i r o ss a t e l l i t e launched s u c c e s s f u l l y s i n c e T i r o s I, f i r s t weather s a t e l l i t e , A p r i l 1, 1960. A l l from T i r o s 111 on had equaled o r exceeded designed operation l i f e t i m e s . Most recent ESSA s a t e l l i t e launched was ESSA VII, launched Nov. 10. (NASA P r o j O f f ; ESSA Release ES 68-67; -'fi/17/68, 20) - . Apollo 8 launch crew began lengthy countdown on time a t KSC a t 7 : O O pm EST, f o r launch scheduled f o r 7:51 am EST Dec. 21. (W Post, 12/16/68, Al2; W S t a r , 12/16/68, A5; W News, 12/16/68, 3) - . NASA announced m i l l i o n s of home TV viewers i n U.S. , Europe, and Japan would see l i v e p i c t u r e s t a k e n by Apollo 8 crew w i t h cigar-box-size camera s i m i l a r t o t h a t c a r r i e d on Apollo 7 mission. They would be beamed t o e a r t h from s p a c e c r a f t s i x times during Apollo 8 mission, i n c l u d i n g t w i c e while s p a c e c r a f t was i n moon o r b i t . Manned Space F l i g h t Network s t a t i o n s near Madrid, Spain, and Goldstone, C a l i f . would convert slow-scan s i g n a l i n t o TV p i c t u r e . S t i l l photos would be t a k e n o f TV monitor during l i v e transmission and p i c t u r e s r e l e a s e d i n Los Angeles, Madrid, and Canberra. (NASA Release 68-214) , . S c i e n t i f i c team headed by Dobe1 P r i z e winning p h y s i c i s t , D r . Charles H. Tomes, announced discovery of ammonia molecules i n d i r e c t i o n of S a g i t t a r i u s toward Milky Way c e n t e r 30,000 l i g h t y e a r s away from e a r t h . Finding, made through spectographs a t radioastronomy observatory of Univ, of C a l i f o r n i a a t Berkeley during s t u d i e s supported by NASA, O f f i c e of Naval Research, and NSF, was s i g n i f i c a n t , team s a i d , because ammonia was considered a "chemical a n c e s t o r " of organic compounds and necessary s t e p towards o r i g i n of l i f e . Team s a i d discovery "marks t h e f i r s t time t h a t a r e l a t i v e l y complex molecular compound has been d e f i n i t e l y i d e n t i f i e d i n t h e v a s t regions between �December 1 5 (continued) t h e s t a r s . " It would spur i n t e n s i f i e d search f o r a d d i t i o n a l combinat i o n s of l i f e - e s s e n t i a l elements detected i n space. Former MIT provost and inventor of maser, which l e d t o development of l a s e r , D r . Tomes had been named Dec. 3 t o head Presidente l e c t Richard M. Nixon's t a s k f o r c e t o make recommendations on space program. Report would be published i n Physical Review L e t t e r s of (UPI, NYT, 12/16/68, 93; AP, W Post, American I n s t i t u t e of Physics. 12/16/68, A l ) - . I n Washington Sunday S t a r W i l l i a m Hines s a i d NASA announcement of plans f o r 1974 Mars landing marked r e v i v a l "of a p r o j e c t t h a t was s a c r i f i c e d l a s t year on t h e a l t a r of t h e g r e a t God Apollo whose manned moon program was gobbling up a l l t h e funds a t NASA's disposal. It a l s o marked t h e f i r s t p o s i t i v e a c t i o n by NASA i n two y e a r s d i r e c t e d t o s t a r t i n g r a t h e r t h a n terminating a c t i v i t i e s " I t s timing , one month a f t e r p r e s i d e n t i a l e l e c t i o n , seemed "to provide a t a n t a l i z i n g clue t o t h e Nixonian philosophy about space." Hines s a i d it was l i k e l y new a d m i n i s t r a t i o n would heed post-Apollo views of National Academy of Sciences, which had recommended more a t t e n t i o n t o s c i e n t i f i c explora(W S t a r , 12/15/68, ~ 4 ) t i o n of space with instruments. . . I n Washington Post Thomas OIToole s a i d poisoning from overexposure t o beryllium powder had r e s u l t e d i n 800 known deaths i n U.S. during p a s t ~ e r ~ l l i udisease m expert, D r . H a r r i e t L. Hardy of Massachusetts 15 General Hospital, estimated t o t a l beryllium cases a t 2,500, "about t h r e e times a s many a s we've heard about." New uses f o r lightweight, h e a t - r e s i s t a n t metal had pushed production t o 150,000 l b per year. B a t t e l l e Memorial I n s t i t u t e estimated output would grow a t 2& r a t e p e r year f o r next f i v e years; NAS estimated 1979 production a t s i x times 1969's. Beryllium was being used by Lockheed f o r wheel brakes i n C-5A t r a n s p o r t and heat s h i e l d s f o r Poseidon m i s s i l e . Boeing used it f o r new Minuteman m i s s i l e s h i e l d . I n past t h r e e years estimated $25 m i l l i o n had been spent on beryllium rocket research. OIToole s a i d a t l e a s t one s c i e n t i s t claimed t e s t f i r i n g i n C a l i f o r n i a had so contaminated s i t e t h a t e l e c t r i c i a n working t h e r e developed beryllium poisoning. Neither NASA o r U W planned t o abandon t e s t i n g beryllium r o c k e t s , however, and beryllium use had "kicked o f f a l i v e l y debate i n s i d e t h e Federal Government." (W Post, 12/15/68, ~ l ) b. December 16: U.S.S.R. launched Cosmos CCLX i n t o o r b i t with 39,576-km 24,591.~-mi) apogee, 511-km (317.5-mi) perigee, 712.3-min period, L d 64.9 i n c l i n a t i o n . (AP, B -3Sun 12/18/68, 1 0 ; SBD, 12/18/68, 2 l l ; GSFC SSR, 12/31/68) - �December 16: NASA announced decision t o terminate work on two Bios a t e l l i t e s scheduled f o r 21-day missions beginning i n 1971. Contract with General E l e c t r i c Co. Reentry Systems Div. would be r e v i s e d t o r e t a i n only work on two 30-day primate experiment Biosat e l l i t e s scheduled t o begin i n 1969. Funding f o r l a t e r missions had been reduced and e f f i c i e n t planning made more d i f f i c u l t . P o s s i b i l i t i e s f o r experiments with g r e a t e r f l e x i b i l i t y i n e a r l y 1970s had been i n d i c a t e d by sucess of smaller s a t e l l i t e s and by s t u d i e s . (USA Release 68-215) . FRC s a i d two reports--one by D r . Eldon E. Kordes, NASA Senior S t a f f S c i e n t i s t , t o American Society of Mechanical Engineers and one by Chief XB-70 P i l o t f o r FRC, Fitzhugh L. Fulton, Jr., t o F l i g h t S a f e t y Foundation--indicated XB-70 t e s t program was providing valuable information f o r operation o f l a r g e supersonic commercial and m i l i t a r y a i r c r a f t . Results from XB-70 ' s p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n n a t i o n a l sonic boom research program had shown methods used t o p r e d i c t overpressure and extent of boom were generally adequate f o r a i r c r a f t of t h i s s i z e and speed under "standard day" conditions but i n d i c a t e d unusual weather conditions and o t h e r f a c t o r s could a f f e c t t h e s e p r e d i c t i o n s . XB-70 program was attempting t o d e f i n e i n t e n s i t y of turbulence a t higher a l t i t u d e s . System t o improve s t a b i l i t y , l e s s e n turbulence-induced a c c e l e r a t i o n s , and improve passenger r i d i n g q u a l i t i e s while lengthening a i r c r a f t ' s f a t i g u e l i f e was being t e s t e d . New methods of presenting f l i g h t and engine information t o p i l o t had evolved from XB-70 program, including d i g i t a l form f o r more p r e c i s e readout. S p e c i a l warning systems prevented exceeding o p e r a t i n g l i m i t s and a t t i t u d e i n d i c a t o r with changeable s e n s i t i v i t y f o r smoother f l i g h t c o n t r o l had been evaluated. XB-70 f l i g h t had demonstrated need f o r f u r t h e r research i n b a s i c s t a b i l i t y and c o n t r o l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of i t s c l a s s of a i r c r a f t . Actual crosscountry f l i g h t experience had been gained with t r i p from Edwards mB, C a l i f . , t o ' Carswell AFB, Tex., and r e t u r n . Both r e p o r t s emphasized t h a t , although XB-70 was not passenger a i r c r a f t , it was s i m i l a r i n s i z e and performance c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t o proposed SSTs and was only o p e r a t i o n a l a i r c r a f t approaching SST s i z e and speed. (FRC Release 28-68) . Apollo 8 a s t r o n a u t s were pronounced of Medical Operations, D r . Charles examination a s countdown proceeded f l i g h t . "The crew i s i n r e a l f i n e 12/17/68; AP, W S t a r , 12/17/68) - - in p e r f e c t h e a l t h by NASA Director A. Berry, af'ter three-hour p h y s i c a l toward Dec. 21 launch f o r moon s p i r i t s , " he added. (AP, B -9Sun �December 16: National Trendex P o l l reported public support f o r space program was 1%higher t h a n i n 1967. Tenth p o l l , sponsored by Thiokol Chemical Corp., was taken Oct. 21-23 a f t e r successful Apollo 7 mission and showed 6% of U.S. public favored Apollo program t o l a n d man on moon by 1970, 213 d i d not, and 115 was undecided ( i n September 1967 p o l l , Apollo had 51% support, with 3 3 opposed and 1g undecided). Public d e s i r e f o r increased Government spending on space was a t i t s highest point i n f i v e years, i n 1967. Support f o r program was w i t h 1%i n favor, a s a g a i n s t h i g h e s t among college-educated, those under 35, and men; 45% favored manned space exploration, versus 25$, instrumented program; 6@ backed p l a n e t a r y exploration, with 3% opposed. Favored programs a f t e r Apollo were: (1)reusable space system, (2) l u n a r exploration, ( 3 ) manned space s t a t i o n s , (4) manned Mars exploration. (SBD, 12/16/68, 197-8) - . President Johnson proclaimed Dec. 17 Wright Brothers Day, commemorating a i r c r a f t f l i g h t s made by O r v i l l e and Wilbur Wright 65 yr e a r l i e r : "Their f i r s t journey was s h o r t e r than t h e f l o o r of t h e g i a n t C-5 cargo s h i p t h a t was t e s t flown e a r l i e r t h i s year. But those b r i e f f l i g h t s on December 1'7, 1903, launched t h e a i r age. They changed mankind's way of l i f e . " (PD, 12/23/68, 1718-9; 12/17/68, 1 6 ) ... December 17: I n interview D r . Lee A. DuBridge, science adviser-designate t o P r e s i d e n t - e l e c t Richard M. Nixon, s a i d problem f a c i n g Government was not "Shall Government support and use science and technology, but how s h a l l it do it. What a r e t h e p r i o r i t i e s . . . " Fundamental t o use of science was knowledge; t h e r e f o r e , "one must have i n any modern s o c i e t y a very important and extensive f r e e b a s i c research e n t e r p r i s e e s t a b l i s h ment, l a r g e l y i n u n i v e r s i t i e s , so t h a t new a r e a s of knowledge w i l l be explored. " Basic r e s e a r c h budget of country should increase a t l e a s t 1%annually f o r next few years. When it came t o using t h i s knowledge, "the Government can, and somebody must, d i r e c t , s e t up t h e goals. " On space program, D r . DuBridge s a i d t h a t "the astonishing d i s c o v e r i e s " made by launching instruments i n t o space j u s t i f i e d f u r t h e r exploratton from s c i e n t i f i c point of view. When man entered p i c t u r e a s "another piece of t h e i n s t m e n t a t i o n t h a t i s needed f o r t h e exploration, I' f i r s t e f f e c t " i s t h a t t h e c o s t s get l a r g e . . Apollo landing of a man on t h e moon i s v a s t l y more expensive than t h e Surveyor landing By t h e same token, t h e information r e t u r n e d w i l l be much g r e a t e r , too. However, a s t h e technology of t h e spacec r a f t improves, and our instruments need t o get more complex, heavier, o r longer l a s t i n g , t h e r e may very well be a time when p u t t i n g a man up w i l l a c t u a l l y be cheaper than t r y i n g t o use automated instruments." ( ~ u l l i v a n ,NYT, 12/17/68, 1 ) . .. .... ... �December 1'7: National Science Board Chairman, D r . P h i l i p Handler, only nominee t o succeed Dr.,Frederick S e i t z a s NAS president i n J u l y 1969, s a i d i n interview he would urge Federal program of "bloc g r a n t s " t o U.S. u n i v e r s i t i e s i n 1969 t o support science. L e g i s l a t i o n would be introduced i n new Congress, with "something l i k e " $500-million p r i c e t a g i n f i r s t year, " j u s t f o r s t a r t e r s . " U n i v e r s i t i e s , "completely dependent upon science p r o j e c t g r a n t s , " had had funds f o r i n d i v i d u a l p r o j e c t s cut o f f leaving "numerous employees f o r whom t h e y have no s a l a r i e s . " He advocated "Federal cushion" i n form of bloc o r i n s t i t u t i o n a l g r a n t s t o supplement i n d i v i d u a l p r o j e c t support. "I would even support bloc g r a n t s f o r a l l graduate education, not j u s t i n science. ( ~ o h n ,W Post, 12/18/68, ~ 3 2 ) . Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Director W i l l i a m C. F o s t e r had submitted r e s i g n a t i o n t o President Johnson e f f e c t i v e Dec. 31, ACDA a i d e s s a i d . (~wertzman,NYT, 12/18/68, 5; W Post, 12/19/68, ~21) . At Washington, D . C . , ceremony, Adm. Thomas H. Moorer, Chief of Naval Operation, USN., presented Distinguished Service Medal t o Astronaut Walter M. S c h i r r a , Jr., f o r space deeds "exceeded by no one a f l o a t o r a i r b o r n e . " (AP, W S t a r , 12/18/68, B2; W Post, 12/18/68, ~ 3 ) - . DOD announced USN had s e l e c t e d G r m a n A i r c r a f t Engineering Corp. and McDonnell Douglas Corp. t o continue i n contract d e f i n i t i o n phase f o r F - 1 4 ~a i r c r a f t , formerly c a l l e d VFX-1. S e l e c t i o n of c o n t r a c t o r was scheduled f o r January 1969. (DOD Release 1109-68 ; WSJ, 12/18/68; UPI, W S t a r , 12/18/68, ~ 6 ) - - December 18: NASA announced appointment of W i l l i a m C. Schneider, Apollo Mission D i r e c t o r , a s Director of Apollo Applications, succeeding l a t e Harold T . Luskin, who died Nov. 25. George H. Hage, Deputy Director of Apollo Program, would be Acting Apollo Mission Director i n a d d i t i o n t o h i s present d u t i e s . (NASA Release 68-217) . Apollo 8 a s t r o n a u t s heading f o r moon would be " i n f a r l e s s hazardous p o s i t i o n " t h a n t h e y would have been a s crew f o r Columbus, NASA D i r e c t o r of Manned Space F l i g h t Safety Jerome F. Lederer s a i d i n speech before Wings Club i n New York. "Columbus d i d not know where he was going, how f a r it was, nor where he had been a f t e r h i s r e t u r n . With Apollo, t h e r e i s no such l a c k of information." Nevertheless, mission would "involve r i s k s of g r e a t magnitude and probably r i s k s t h a t have not been foreseen. "Apollo 8 has 5,600,000 p a r t s and one and a h a l f m i l l i o n systems, subsystems and assemblies. Even i f a l l functioned with 99.9 p e r cent �December 18 (continued) r e l i a b i l i t y , we could expect 5,600 d e f e c t s . Hence, t h e s t r i v i n g f o r p e r f e c t i o n and t h e use of redundancy. " ( ~ e x t ;NYT, 12/19/68, 56) - . Aerospace s a l e s reached record high of $30.1 b i l l i o n i n 1968, an i n c r e a s e of almost $3 b i l l i o n over 1967, Aerospace I n d u s t r i e s Assn. President Karl G. Harr, Jr., t o l d Washington, D.C., meeting of ~ v i a t i o n / ~ ~ aWriters ce Assn. Commercial aerospace s a l e s increased 39$, t o record $6.4 b i l l i o n ; aerospace exports rose 3%, t o $3 billion. M i l i t a r y space programs i n 1968 r o s e 3,from $1.088 b i l l i o n i n 1967 t o $1.121 b i l l i o n , reported AIA's "1968 Aerospace Industry Review and Forecast," which Harr a l s o released. Nonmilitary space s a l e s declined 3.73, from $4.202 b i l l i o n i n 1967 t o $4.047 b i l l i o n i n 1968. Sales of products and s e r v i c e s f o r use of aerospace t e c h nology i n nonaerospace areas--such a s marine science, water desalinat i o n , crime c o n t r o l , and r a p i d t r a n s i t - - i n c r e a s e d from $2.579 b i l l i o n t o $2.726 b i l l i o n . Harr p r e d i c t e d s l i g h t decline i n t o t a l aerospace s a l e s t o about $29.6 b i l l i o n during 1969 because of 255 drop i n j e t t r a n s p o r t s a l e s before d e l i v e r i e s of new high-capacity a i r c r a f t ; continuing i n c r e a s e i n h e l i c o p t e r , executive, and u t i l i t y a i r c r a f t s a l e s ; modest increase i n defense and nonaerospace s a l e s ; and d e c l i n e i n c i v i l space s a l e s . He noted t h a t i n t h i r d q u a r t e r of 1968 backlog of U.S. Government aerospace o r d e r s was l e s s t h a n t h a t of o t h e r customers f o r f i r s t time s i n c e before World War 11. ( ~ e x t ;AIA Release 68-60; W S t a r , 12/19/68, AJ-9) - . USAF permitted 11 newspapermen t o f l y simulated combat missions i n F-111A from N e l l i s AFB, Nev., t o demonstrate a i r c r a f t ' s systems. I n Washington Post, ~ e o r ~ C: e Wilson s a i d d e c i s i o n t o allow newsmen i n cockpits of c o n t r o v e r s i a l plane f o r f i r s t time evidenced USAF's conviction " t h a t t h e F-111 program i s a t a c r u c i a l juncture a s t h e Nixon Administration g e t s ready t o t a k e o f f i c e . " (W Post, 12/19/68, ~8 ) . Dr. . A n a t o l i A. Logunov, Director of I n s t i t u t e of High Energy Physics n e a r Serpukhov, 60 m i south of Moscow, s a i d i n I z v e s t i a t h a t I n s t i t u t e ' s 1,000-yd-dia, 70-bev, proton a c c e l e r a t o r had joined s c i e n t i s t s e l s e where i n search f o r quark. Quark was hypothetical p a r t i c l e thought t o be elementary building block of a l l matter and t o c a r r y e l e c t r i c a l charge one t h i r d t o two t h i r d s t h a t of e l e c t r o n charge. 12/20/68, 3) (w, �December 18: American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and Astronautics announced D r . Charles P. Sonnett, Chief of Ames Research Center's Space Science Div. would receive Space Science Award, including $500 honorarium, " f o r h i s personal c o n t r i b u t i o n a s planner, l e a d e r and i n d i v i d u a l experimenter i n major space science v e h i c l e programs which have contributed t o t h e f i e l d of space physics." He had worked i n magnetospheric physics and nuclear physics and was c u r r e n t l y concentrating on i n t e r p l a n e t a r y physics. He had been p r i n c i p a l i n v e s t i g a t o r on s e v e r a l NASA experiments and ALSEP. Award would be presented a t AIAA 7 t h Aerospace Science Meeting i n New York Jan. 20-22, 1969. D r . S t a n l e y G. Hooker, Technical Director of B r i s t o l Engine Div., Rolls-Royce Ltd., and Perry W. P r a t t , Vice President and Chief S c i e n t i s t of United A i r c r a f t Corp. had been s e l e c t e d t o share $10,000 Goddard Award f o r t h e i r separate work i n developing gas t u r b i n e engines. Goddard Award, named f o r l a t e rocket pioneer Robert H. Goddard, was awarded annually t o "a person who has made a b r i l l i a n t discovery o r a s e r i e s of outstanding c o n t r i b u t i o n s over a period of time, i n t h e engineering science of propulsion o r energy conversion." Prof. Rene H. M i l l e r , head of MIT Dept. of Aeronautics and Astron a u t i c s , would be given Sylvanus Albert Reed Award f o r "out standing c o n t r i b u t i o n s " t o rotary-wing a i r c r a f t . D r . Robert D. F l e t c h e r , USAF A i r Weather Service ' s Deputy Chief of S t a f f f o r Aerospace Sciences, would receive Robert M. Losey Award f o r "outstanding and dedicated l e a d e r s h i p and s e r v i c e " f o r 30 y r t o a e r o n a u t i c a l meteorology. (AIAA Release; NASA Biog, ll/29/68; NYT, 12/31/68, 52) , - December18-20: INTELSAT-I11 F-2 was successfullylaunchedbyNASA f o r ComSatCorp on behalf of I n t e r n a t i o n a l Communications S a t e l l i t e consortium. Launch was from ETR by three-stage, Thrust -Augmented, Long-Tank Delta booster. The 632-1b c y l i n d r i c a l s a t e l l i t e entered e l l i p t i c a l t r a n s f e r o r b i t with 22,580-mi (36,355.1-km) apogee, 161.9-mi (260.5 -km) perigee, 642.9-min period, and 28.8' i n c l i n a t i o n . A l l systems were functioning normally. On Dec. 20 apogee motor was f i r e d t o kick s a t e l l i t e i n t o planned near-synchronous o r b i t over A t l a n t i c a t 51' west longitude with 22,328.2-mi (35,933.8-km) apogee, 21,833.4-mi (33,137.5-km) perigee, 0.79' i n c l i n a t i o n , and 3.25' p e r day eastward orbital drift. INTELSAT-I11 F-2, f i r s t successful launch i n INTELSAT I11 s e r i e s , was backup t o INTELSAT-I11 F-I (INTELSAT 111-A) which had been destroyed minutes a f t e r launch Sept. 1 8 when launch v e h i c l e began t o break up. S a t e l l i t e was scheduled t o begin commercial s e r v i c e Jan. 2, 1969 [see Dec. 281, handling up t o 1,200 voice c i r c u i t s o r f o u r TV channels. By Jan. 29, 1969, all A t l a n t i c a r e a s e r v i c e except NASA Apollo t r a f f i c would be t r a n s f e r r e d t o INTELSAT-I11 F-2 from o t h e r A t l a n t i c comsats, �December 18-20 (continued) INTELSAT I ( ~ a r Bird) l ~ and INTELSAT-I1 F-3 ( ~ t l a n t i c11). Etamy W. Va. , e a r t h s t a t i o n would become prime East Coast t e r m i n a l and Andover, Me., s t a t i o n would be removed from s e r v i c e preparatory t o i t s use a s prime t e r m i n a l f o r INTELSAT-I11 F-4. NASA Apollo commwnications would be maintained through INTELSAT-I1 F-3 with 42-ft t e r m i n a l antenna a t Andover. (NASA Pro j Off; ComSatCorp Release 68-69; Stevens, NYT, 12/19/68, 1; AP, W Post, 12/19/68, A3) December 19: Cosmos CCLXI was launched by U.S.S.R. i n t o o r b i t with 637-km ('396.8-mi) apogee, 206-km (128-mi) perigee, 92.9-min period, and 71' i n c l i n a t i o n . (GSFC SSR, 12/31/68) - NASA i s sued Management I n s t r u c t i o n e s t a b l i s h i n g Committee on ExtraVehicular A c t i v i t i e s (EVA), a c t i v i t i e s performed i n space by astronaut o u t s i d e space v e h i c l e . Seven-member committee, serving f o r two-year period, would provide Deputy Associate Administrator f o r Manned Space F l i g h t with recommendations on o v e r a l l NASA EVA planning and development by: i d e n t i f y i n g EVA c a p a b i l i t i e s which must be defined and developed t o support manned space f l i g h t a c t i v i t i e s ; i d e n t i f y i n g ground-based, o r b i t a l , and l u n a r surface experiments t o e s t a b l i s h r e q u i r e d EVA c a p a b i l i t i e s ; providing recommendations on s h o r t - and long-term EVA program plans; reviewing proposed EVA f l i g h t experiments and making recommendations; and maintaining awareness of EVAr e l a t e d a c t i v i t i e s of organizations o t h e r t h a n NASA. (NMI 1152.36) . NASA announced renewal through August 1970 of 10-yr contract with NAS which provided one-year appointments f o r post-doctoral and s e n i o r post-doctoral s c i e n t i s t s and engineers s p e c i a l i z i n g i n space-related work t o conduct research a t WSA f i e l d c e n t e r s . NASA would pay NAS $2,390,500 t o c a r r y out program. (NASA Release 68-218) . AEC announced it had conducted underground nuclear t e s t of about onemegaton y i e l d a t Nevada Test S i t e . It was s i m i l a r t o A p r i l 26 t e s t . T e s t s had been described i n p r e s s a s l a r g e s t c o n t i n e n t a l explosions announced by AEC. Newsmen were permitted t o witness t e s t f o r f i r s t time i n 1 0 y r . Among f a c t i o n s p r o t e s t i n g underground t e s t i n g was Howard Hughes spokesman who s a i d Hughes would continue t o sponsor independent s t u d i e s on a d v i s a b i l i t y of continuation of t e s t i n g [ s e e Dec. 61. (AEc PIO; AXC Release L-288; Wilson, W Post, 12/20/68, A3; H i l l , NYT, 12120168, 1; 12/25/68; AP, NYT, 1 2 / 1 8 / 6 8 , 5 ) - �December 19: U.N. General Assembly, by vote of 96-0, approved plans f o r permanent body of 42 members t o study means of reserving seabed f o r p e a c e f u l purposes and 'of exploring resources beyond n a t i o n a l j u r i s d i c t i o n . Members would serve six-year terms, with one-third of membership stabro rook, W Post, 12/20/68, ~ 1 2 ) changing every two years. December 20: NASA announced completion of X-15 f l i g h t research program. On f i n a l f l i g h t Oct. 24--199th i n s e r i e s which began June 8, 1969-NASA t e s t p i l o t William H. Dana flew rocket-powered a i r c r a f t t o 255,000ft a l t i t u d e . Attempt a t 200th f l i g h t Dec. 20 was canceled because o f adverse weather conditions. I n NASA-UW-USN program i n i t i a t e d i n 1 9 5 4 , f l i g h t s by t h r e e X-15 a i r c r a f t manufactured by North American Rockwell Corp. had included more t h a n 82 min of f l i g h t a t speeds exceeding mach 5 and t o t a l f l i g h t time of more t h a n 30 h r . Peak a l t i t u d e reached was 354,200 f t (67.04 m i ) and t o p speed was 4,520 mph (mach 6.7)--speeds and a l t i t u d e s never before a t t a i n e d by any vehicle f u l l y c o n t r o l l e d by p i l o t from launch t o landing. It had s e t two o f f i c i a l world a l t i t u d e records of 246,740 ft and 314,750 f't previously. X-15 f l i g h t program provided knowledge applicable t o design and development of f u t u r e s p a c e c r a f t and commercial supersonic a i r c r a f t and d a t a on aerodynamic heating i n high-speed f l i g h t , which could cause d e t e r i o r a t i o n of a i r c r a f t s t r u c t u r a l i n t e g r i t y . X-15 remained only a i r c r a f t capable of studying phenomena a t hypersonic speeds, space-equivalent f l i g h t , and r e e n t r y f l i g h t . It a l s o had served a s t e s t bed f o r new components and subsystems, s u b j e c t i n g them t o hypersonic f l i g h t environment. I n 1962 four X-15 p i l o t s received Robert J. C o l l i e r Trophy from President Kennedy f o r "the g r e a t e s t achievement i n aeronautics o r a s t r o n a u t i c s i n America, with r e s p e c t t o improving t h e performance, s a f e t y , o r e f f i c i e n c y of a i r and space v e h i c l e s . " (NASA Release 68-221; NASA SF-60; NASA EP-9; AP, NYT, 12/21/68, 73; SBD, 12/23/68, 236) - - . Workmen loading super-cold oxygen i n t o Apollo 8 service module discovered gas had been contaminated, apparently by nitrogen used t o f l u s h tanks. Oxygen would be changed and tanks r e f l u s h e d and launch was expected t o t a k e p l a c e on schedule. ( ~ a n n a n ,W S t a r , 12/20/68, A5) . National Science Founation announced it had provided support permitting more t h a n 5,800 secondary school students t o receive s p e c i a l t r a i n i n g i n science and mathematics i n summer 1969 o r i n 1969-70 academic year through 112 t r a i n i n g p r o j e c t s . Grants t o t a l e d $1,815,874. (NET Release 68-180) �D r . ~ o b e &H. Guest, professor of o r g a n i z a t i o n a l behavior December 20 : i n Amos Tuck School of Business Administration, Dartmouth College, was sworn i n a s consultant by D r . Thomas 0. Paine, Acting NASA Administrator. D r . Guest would serve on Management Advisory Panel. (NASARelease 68-220) 4 December 21: President Johnson sent congratulatory message t o Apollo 8 a s t r o n a u t s : " I am confident t h a t t h e world ' s f i n e s t equipment w i l l s t r i v e t o match t h e courage of our a s t r o n a u t s . I f it does t h a t , a s u c c e s s f u l mission i s assured. " (PD, 12/30/68, 1738) , December 21-27 : NASA s Apollo 8 (AS-503) second manned mission i n Apollo l u n a r landing program and f i r s t manned mission t o o r b i t moon, was s u c c e s s f u l l y launched from KSC Launch Complex 39 a t 7:51 am EST by Saturn V booster. Primary o b j e c t i v e s were t o demonstrate crew, space v e h i c l e , and mission support performance during manned Saturn V mission with command and service module (CSM) and t o demonstrate performance of nominal and s e l e c t e d backup l u n a r o r b i t rendezvous (LOR)mission a c t i v i t i e s - - i n c l u d i n g t r a n s l u n a r i n j e c t i o n ; CSM navigation, communications, and midcourse c o r r e c t i o n s ; and CSM consumables assessment and passive thermal c o n t r o l . A l l launch events occurred a s planned and s p a c e c r a f t , carrying Astronauts Frank Borman (commander), James A. Lovell, Jr. (CM p i l o t ) , and William A. Anders (LM p i l o t ) , entered i n i t i a l o r b i t o with 118.4-mi (190.6-km) apogee, 113.8-mi (183.2-km) perigee, 32.51 i n c l i n a t i o n , and 88.2-min period. A t 10:42 am EST 3rd stage burned f o r second time, i n j e c t i n g spacec r a f t i n t o l u n a r t r a j e c t o r y , and a s t r o n a u t s began journey t o become f i r s t men t o l e a v e e a r t h ' s g r a v i t a t i o n a l f i e l d . Stage and instrument u n i t separated a s planned and s e r v i c e module propulsion system was f i r e d t o increase separation d i s t a n c e from 3rd stage, which was t r a i l i n g 500-1,000 f't behind spacecraft, spewing unused p r o p e l l a n t s . Crew f i r e d service propulsion system (SPS) engine f o r 2.4 sec, c o r r e c t i n g t r a j e c t o r y and increasing v e l o c i t y by 25 fps. Second midcourse maneuver, scheduled f o r second day, was canceled because t r a j e c t o r y was already so accurate t h a t burn would have required v e l o c i t y change of only 0.7 f p s . Borman r e p o r t e d i l l n e s s , apparently from 24-hr i n t e s t i n a l v i r u s o r from r e a c t i o n t o sleeping p i l l s being used during space f l i g h t f o r f i r s t time, and Lovell and Anders reported nausea. Crew took navigation s i g h t i n g s and conducted f i r s t TV t r a n s mission, showing spacecraft i n t e r i o r and e a r t h from 138,690-mi a l t i t u d e and demonstrating food preparation and movements i n weightlessness. S i g n a l s were received a t ground s t a t i o n s and t r a n s m i t t e d t o NASA �December 21-27 (continued) Mission Control Center i n Houston before r e l e a s e l i v e t o commercial networks. Second TV transmission, on t h i r d day, showed e x c e l l e n t p i c t u r e s of e a r t h from 201,365-mi a l t i t u d e , including view of western hemisphere i n s u n l i g h t . Crew pointed out North Pole, South America, Cape Horn, and Baja, C a l i f . , and noted t h a t U.S. East Coast was very cloudy. Earth, t h e y s a i d , was b e a u t i f u l ; water looked r o y a l b l u e , land a r e a s brown, and clouds b r i g h t white. Reflection off e a r t h was much g r e a t e r t h a n off moon. SM r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l system's f o u r rockets were f i r e d f o r 1 2 sec t o reduce v e l o c i t y by 2 f p s and t o make approach t o moon c l o s e r t o 60 m i a t n e a r e s t p o i n t . On f o u r t h day, Christmas Eve, communications were i n t e r r u p t e d a s Apollo 8 passed behind moon and a s t r m a u t s became f i r s t men t o see moon' s f a r side. SPS engine was f i r e d f o r 4 min 2 see, reducing speed by 2,994 f p s and placing spacecraft i n l u n a r o r b i t with 193.6-mi (310.6-km) apolune and 69.1-mi (111.2-km) p e r i l u n e . I n t h i r d TV t e l e c a s t Anders described l u n a r surface a s "whitish gray, l i k e d i r t y beach sand with l o t s of f o o t p r i n t s on it. Some of t h e s e c r a t e r s look l i k e pick-axes s t r i k i n g concrete, c r e a t i n g a l o t of f i n e dust." After spacecraft passed behind moon a t end of second revolution, SPS engine burned f o r 1 0 sec t o reduce speed by 135 f'ps and t o c i r c u l a r z e o r b i t with 70.0-mi (112.6-km) apolune and 69.6-mi (112.0-km) p e r i l u n e . Love11 s a i d a s t r o n a u t s had "a grand view" of t h e l u n a r surface and confirmed t h a t prospective landing s i t e s were s a t i s f a c t o r y . He reported t h a t a t about two minutes before s u n r i s e a fan-shaped white haze appeared j u s t behind moon's limb. Crew continued landmark s i g h t i n g s and named numerous unnamed l u n a r f e a t u r e s a f t e r o t h e r a s t r o nauts, NASA o f f i c i a l s , and f r i e n d s . They conducted communications experiment which showed t h a t r a d i o s i g n a l from e a r t h t o Apollo 8 and back t o e a r t h took t h r e e seconds t o make 460,000-mi round t r i p . Third TV transmission during n i n t h r e v o l u t i o n showed h e a v i l y impacted mountains described by Anders a s "a vastness of black and white, a b s o l u t e l y no color. The sky up here i s a l s o r a t h e r forbidding, forboding e x t e n t s of blackness with no s t a r s v i s i b l e when we're f l y i n g over t h e moon i n daylight. You can see by t h e numerous c r a t e r s t h a t t h i s p l a n e t has been bombarded through t h e eons w i t h numerous small a s t e r o i d s and meteoroids, pock-marking t h e surface of every square inch. And one of t h e amazing f e a t u r e s of t h e surface i s . . . t h a t most of t h e c r a t e r s . .have a round mound type of appearance i n s t e a d of sharp jagged rocks. A l l , o n l y t h e newest of f e a t u r e s have any sharp d e f i n i t i o n s t o them, and eventually t h e y get eroded down by t h e constant bombardment of small meteoroids." The moon i s "a very dark and unappetizing place Crew read verses from f i r s t chapter of Genesis and wished viewers a Merry Christmas. . ...." �December 21-27 (continued) On f i f t h day, while spacecraft was behind moon completing i t s 1 0 t h r e v o l u t i o n , SPS engine was f i r e d f o r 3 min 23 sec, i n c r e a s i n g spacecraft v e l o c i t y by 3,523 f p s and p r o p e l l i n g Apollo 8 back toward e a r t h . Spacec r a f t l e f t l u n a r g r a v i t y a t 201,807 m i above e a r t h . A t 104 hours mission elapsed time 14-sec reaction-control-system burn increased v e l o c i t y by 5 f'ps. F i f t h TV transmission showed spacecraft i n t e r i o r , c o n t r o l s , and food preparation. Data a n a l y s i s revealed s i x t h midcourse c o r r e c t i o n would not be necessary because of accuracy of course. Astronauts reported t h e y had s l e p t w e l l and were i n "very good shape."' S i x t h TV transmission showed e a r t h from ll2,125-mi a l t i t u d e . On s i x t h day crew prepared f o r r e e n t r y and SM separated from CM on schedule. Parachute deploment and o t h e r r e e n t r y events were nominal and Apollo 8 splashed, apex down, i n P a c i f i c about 5,100 yd from recovery s h i p U. S. S. Yorktown a t 10: 51 am EST Dec. 27, 147 h r a f t e r launch and p r e c i s e l y on time. According t o p r i o r planning, h e l i copters and a i r c r a f t hovered over spacecraft and pararescue personnel were not deployed u n t i l l o c a l sunrise, 50 min a f t e r splashdown. Crew was then picked up and reached recovery ship a t 12:20 pm EST. A l l primary Apollo 8 mission o b j e c t i v e s and d e t a i l e d t e s t object i v e s were achieved and, i n a d d i t i o n , f i v e not o r i g i n a l l y planned. A l l launch v e h i c l e and spacecraft systems performed according t o plan. Engineering accomplishments included use of ground network w i t h onboard n a v i g a t i o n a l techniques t o sharpen accuracy of l u n a r o r b i t determination and successful use of Apollo high-gain antenna, four-dish u n i f i e d S-band antenna t h a t deployed from SM a f t e r separation from 3rd stage. Mission proved c a p a b i l i t y of Apollo CSM and crew, a s w e l l a s ground support and c o n t r o l systems, t o operate out t o l u n a r d i s t a n c e s and r e t u r n through t h e e a r t h ' s atmosphere a t l u n a r v e l o c i t y . Apollo 8 was f i f t h Apollo mission t o d a t e , second manned Apollo mission, f i r s t manned mission on Saturn V launch v e h i c l e , and f i r s t manned o p e r a t i o n of Apollo system under conditions f o r which it was designed. E a r l i e r unmanned Apollo f l i g h t s had yielded a l l spacecraft information p o s s i b l e without crew on board. Apollo 4 (launched Nov. 9, 1967) and Apollo 5 (launched Jan. 22, 1968) had both been h i g h l y s u c c e s s f u l , completing i n f l i g h t t e s t s of a l l major pieces of Apollo hardware. Apollo 6 (launched A p r i l 4), d e s p i t e launch v e h i c l e problems, had a t t a i n e d four of f i v e primary o b j e c t i v e s with t h e spacec r a f t recovered i n e x c e l l e n t condition. F i r s t manned Apollo mission, Apollo 7 Oct. 11-22, had achieved a l l primary o b j e c t i v e s and had v e r i f i e d o p e r a t i o n of spacecraft f o r lunar-mission duration. Apollo program was d i r e c t e d by NASA Office of Manned Space F l i g h t ; MSC was responsible f o r Apollo spacecraft development, MSFC f o r Saturn V launch v e h i c l e , and KSC f o r launch operations. Tracking and d a t a A v �December 21-27 (continued) a c q u i s i t i o n was managed by GSFC under o v e r a l l d i r e c t i o n of NASA Office (NASA P r o j Off; NASA Release 68-208; of Tracking and Data Acquisition. NASA S p e c i a l Releases; Lannan, W S t a r , 12/21/68, Al; 12/22/68, Al; 12/24/68, Al; 12/25/68, A l ; 2 A Cohn, W Post, 12/23/68, A l ; O1Toole, W Post, 12/22/68, Al; 12/28/68, Al; Stevens, NYT, 12/23/68, 27; Lyons, NYT, 12/23/68, 26; 12/25/68, 36; 12/28/68, 1; Wilford, NYT -3 12/23/68, 1; 12/25/68, 1; 12/26/68, 1; 12/27/63, 1; 12/28/68, 1; S e h l s t e d t , B Sun, 12/23/68, A l ; 12/24/68, Al; 12/26/68, A l ; 12/28/68, A l ; SBD, 1 2 / 2 8 , 239; 12/27/68, 245; MSC Roundup, 1/10/69, 3) - - - A 01108 e d i t o r i a l comment: December 21-28: New York **Space contains more t h a n enough opportunity f o r f r u i t f u l a p p l i c a t i o n of t h e energies t h a t a l l mankind can devote t o i t s exploration, development and eventual settlement. There i s no need here f o r w a s t e f u l r i v a l r y deriving from earthbound n a t i o n a l i s t i c and p o l i t i c a l ambitions. I n t h e f a c e of t h e most breathtaking challenge humanity has ever faced, t h e only r a t i o n a l response i s cooperation t o make space an arena of u n i t y and i n t e r n a t i o n a l brotherhood. Man's hopes and prayers r i d e with t h e pre-Christmas voyagers. A f t e r them must come s h i p s bearing t h e United Nations f l a g , each carrying men of d i f f e r e n t c i t i z e n s h i p , language, p o l i t i c a l and r e l i g i o u s convictions and color. " (NYT, 12/22/68, ~ 1 0 ) - New York Times: " . . . t h e drama and i n t e r e s t of y e s t e r d a y ' s view of e a r t h from space transcended any p r o s a i c considerations of p r a c t i c a l u t i l i t y . Rather t h e excitement t h e s e p i c t u r e s aroused among m i l l i o n s of stay-at-homes flowed from t h e v i s u a l evidence t h e y provided of man's successful entrance i n t o a completely new realm, one which poses challenges, o p p o r t u n i t i e s and dangers such a s t h e human species has never before faced. And y e s t e r d a y ' s p i c t u r e s provided a sobering p e r s p e c t i v e on man's puny e a r t h l y works and r i v a l r i e s , reminding a l l humanity t h a t nature i s t h e b a s i c antagonist, not o t h e r men. " (g, 12/24/68, 22) New York Times : "The space ,age, no doubt, w i l l produce many f u t u r e heroes and many o t h e r h i s t o r i c accomplishments, but even now it i s p l a i n t h a t yesterday Astronauts Borman, Love11 and Anders assured themseleves of immortality a s t h e f i r s t men l i t e r a l l y t o break t h e shackles of e a r t h and t r a v e l successfully t o another d e s t i n a t i o n i n t h i s suddenly shrunken s o l a r system. " (E, 12/25/68, 30) �December 21-28 (continued) Washington Post: "Above a l l , perhaps, t h i s Christmas Eve a t t h e moon and Christmas Day on t h e way home have t o l d us more about our e a r t h t h a n about t h e moon. One o f t h e a s t r o n a u t s had wondered on h i s way t o t h e moon whether, i f he were a t r a v e l l e r from another p l a n e t , he would t h i n k t h a t i n t e l l i g e n t l i f e e x i s t e d on Earth. The answer, from Captain Lovell a t l e a s t , i s t h a t our p l a n e t i s ' a grand o a s i s i n t h e g r e a t vastness of space. That i s an awing i n s i g h t and it reminds us t h a t man has f a r t o go here a t home t o f u l f i l l t h e Christmas promise of Peace on Earth, Good W i l l toward Men. ", (W Post, 12/26/68, ~ 2 0 ) Washington Sunday S t a r : "The e s s e n t i a l t h i n g t h a t man has gained a s a r e s u l t of Apollo 8 i s a new v i s i o n of himself. There i s no r e v e l a t i o n , it i s t r u e , i n t h e knowledge t h a t t h e e a r t h i s a small p l a n e t , a speck of dust i n t h e vastness of space. That i s an i n t e l l e c t u a l concept t h a t man has accepted, o r t r i e d t o accept, s i n c e G a l i l e o glimpsed i n f i n i t y more t h a n 300 y e a r s ago. But never before has t h e e a r t h seemed so f r a g i l e - - o r so precious--as it looked from t h e edge of t h a t boundless n i g h t . (W 9-S t a r 12/29/68, ~ 1 ) . International comment on Apollo 8 mission: I n statement d i s t r i b u t e d by Soviet Embassy i n Washington, D. C. , Boris Petrov, Chairman of Council f o r I n t e r n a t i o n a l Cooperation i n I n v e s t i g a t i o n and U t i l i z a t i o n of Outer Space, U. S. S. R. Academy o f Sciences, h a i l e d "hardware" and "courage" o f Apollo 8 a s t r o n a u t s but c a l l e d a t t e n t i o n t o "considerable accent" placed on "automatic devices" i n Soviet space program. He s a i d , "The Soviet Union i s engaged i n a l a r g e - s c a l e program of planned s t u d i e s and e x p l o r a t i o n o f o u t e r space, which provides f o r t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n of t h e e a r t h ' s upper atmosphere and of near-earth o u t e r space and s t u d i e s of sun-earth r e l a t i o n s h i p s and of our c l o s e s t space neighbors--the moon, venus and mars, and l a t e r , on more remote p l a n e t s . " Cuban National radio: c a l l e d m i s s i o n "a t o t a l success. " Tass: "Due t r i b u t e should be p a i d t o t h e courage and mastery of Frank Borman, W i l l i a m Anders and James Lovell who have accomplished t h i s outstanding s c i e n t i f i c and t e c h n i c a l experiment. The s u c c e s s f u l f l i g h t of Apollo 8 ushers i n a new s t a g e i n t h e h i s t o r y of space e x p l o r a t i o n . " Ten Soviet cosmonauts telegraphed Apollo crew congratulat i o n s f o r "another milestone i n s c i e n t i f i c and t e c h n i c a l progress. I t Pope Paul V I , i n message t o President Johnson: " ~ i v i n gthanks t o God f o r t h e s u c c e s s f u l completion of t h e magnificent e n t e r p r i s e of t h e Apollo 8 mission, we congratulate you and t h e people of t h e United S t a t e s of America and p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e i n t r e p i d space t r a v e l e r s , and invoke d i v i n e b l e s s i n g upon a l l c o n t r i b u t i n g t o t h i s noble achievement." - �December 21-28 (continued) U.N. Secretary General U Thant: "The powerful t h r u s t of t h e rocket engines, t h e awesome speeds a t t a i n e d i n f l i g h t , t h e v a s t d i s t a n c e s t r a v e l e d , t h e p r e c i s i o n of navigation and t h e f i d e l i t y of communications, a u r a l and v i s u a l , a l l stagger t h e imagination and defy t h e comprehension of man." Emperor Haile S e l a s s i e of Ethiopia: "a g r e a t milestone i n man's continued search of t h e unknown." Gov. Gen. Roland Michener of Canada, i n message t o President Johnson: Canadians had followed a s t r o n a u t s ' f l i g h t with "admiration f o r t h e i r courage and t h e t e c h n i c a l s k i l l of a l l who have a p a r t i n t h e enterprise." Prime Minister Eisaku Sato of Japan t o President Johnson: f e a t showed America's "courage and t h e high l e v e l of s c i e n t i f i c technology. " The Economist: "What did they t h i n k , those t h r e e men of Apollo 8 who r i s k e d t h e i r l i v e s and t h e i r s a n i t y t o f l y t o t h e moon only t o r e p o r t t h a t it looked l i k e grey p l a s t e r of p a r i s ? What should we earthbound ones t h i n k ? I n New York City, t h e r e a r e a t l e a s t 2,000 people who would r a t h e r have watched a f o o t b a l l game and were s u f f i c i e n t l y incensed t o telephone t h e t e l e v i s i o n networks and t e l l them so. The blame i s not t h e a s t r o n a u t s ' . A whole s e r i e s of photographs, some t a k e n from instruments a c t u a l l y on t h e moon's surface, some i n black-and-white, some i n colour, had already warned them what t o expect. The buck l i e s on t h e desks of t h e men who f o r t h e p a s t 1 3 y e a r s have d i r e c t e d t h e United S t a t e s t $32 b i l l i o n space programme, and spent 7% of it on g e t t i n g men i n t o space without planning anything constructive f o r them t o do when t h e y got t h e r e .... The cost of a manned moonshot i s put a t around $1b i l l i o n , and f o r t h a t sum you could get a whole programme of unmanned moon launches... . But man does not l i v e by science alone. . . t h e g r e a t e s t achievements of men i n space have so f a r been i n t h e realm of t h e human s p i r i t Apollo 8 i s p a r t of t h e unceasing r e s t l e s s n e s s , invention and ambition of our kind. Have we r e a l l y any reason t o believe t h a t man's evolut i o n has come t o a stop af'ter a bare h a l f m i l l i o n years on e a r t h ? . . . It r e q u i r e s arrogance, a closed mind and absolutely no sense of h i s t o r y . . . t o say t h a t sending men i n t o space i s an u t t e r waste of time. " Neither Peking Radio nor New China News A ency covered Apollo 8 mission. (UPI, C Trib, 12/26/68, 4; B Sun, 12728/68, Al; Economist, 12/28/68, 11-12; UPI, N Va sun, 12/28/68,1) . .... �December 22: New York Acadeqy of Science i n v e s t i g a t i v e committee of 22 members d i r e c t e d "preliminary r e p o r t " t o President Johnson, P r e s i d e n t - e l e c t Richard M. Nixon, and Congress on i n t e n s i f y i n g c r i s i s i n U.S. science and education which t h e y s a i d stemmed from cut s i n Federal Government support. I n v e s t i g a t i o n covering 84 academic i n s t i t u t i o n s and work of 193 research s c i e n t i s t s had shown " p o t e n t i a l s o l u t i o n s of such problems a s poverty, r a c i a l discriminat i o n , population c o n t r o l , a i r and water p o l l u t i o n , cancer and cardiov a s c u l a r d i s e a s e , mental i l l n e s s , mass t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , housing and education a r e not being pursued because of l a c k of continuing support.'' Committee recommended d i v e r t i n g Federal science funds earmarked f o r b u i l d i n g s and o t h e r c a p i t a l equipment t o use on research programs and i n t r a i n i n g s c i e n t i f i c manpower t o "preclude a s e r i o u s shortage i n t h e near f u t u r e , a c r i p p l i n g one within f i v e years. " (UPI, W Post, 12/23/68, ~20) - - December 24: INTEETAT-I11 F-2 began carrying segment of coverage of Europe. It t r a n s m i t t e d moon p i c t u r e s from capsule and relayed TV coverage of P a c i f i c splashdown t o Europe and Puerto Rico. INTELSAT I1 s a t e l l i t e s over ~ t l a n t i cand P a c i f i c each reserved about 100 voice c i r c u i t s f o r NASA support communications with Apollo 8. ATS I1 and 111 augmented commercial communications coverage and t r a n s m i t t e d l i m i t e d number of weather photos. (OSSA; NASA Release Apollo8 t o . FAA announced r e p o r t , F r i c t i o n E f f e c t s of Runway Grooves, Runway 18-36 Washington National Airport [AD 678 645 (DS 68-21) 1, r e s u l t of nine-month t e s t s e r i e s a t Washington National A i r p o r t , i n d i c a t e d runway grooving, designed t o prevent hydroplaning by i n c r e a s i n g drainage of water, might a l s o enhance braking e f f e c t i v e n e s s of a i r c r a f t on wet runways [see Nov. 173. (FAA Release T 68-48) . Soviet Union announced through Tass successful completion of experiment i n which t h r e e researchers spent from Nov. 5, 1967, t o Nov. 5, 1968, i n i s o l a t e d chamber c o n s i s t i n g of l i v i n g compartment and greenhouse l i n k e d t o o u t s i d e world by videotelephone. Purpose of experiment was t o t e s t man1s a b i l i t y t o l i v e i n i s o l a t i o n f o r year, using water and oxygen regenerated from waste products and dehyd r a t e d food supplemented by greenhouse-grown vegetables; study e f f e c t s of various f a c t o r s on human organism and e s t a b l i s h optimum conditions f o r long i s o l a t i o n ; and evaluate e f f e c t i v e n e s s of s e l f contained l i f e - s u p p o r t systems based on regeneration of waste products. Daily requirements of a s t r o n a u t s on long voyage included 700 g of food, 2.4 kg of drinking water p l u s 5.5 kg of water f o r o t h e r �December 24 (continued) purposes, and 800 g of oxygen, amounting t o 11 t o n s of supplies f o r one-year space voyage. Report s a i d t h e r e were no s i g n i f i c a n t changes i n body weight and temperature of experimenters except one l o s t e i g h t t o nine pounds before h i s weight s t a b i l i z e d i n f i v e t o s i x months. Electrocardiagram remained unchanged and no dehydration was observed. Pulse and r e s p i r a t i o n r a t e s had f l u c t u a t e d before assuming lower l e v e l t h a n a t s t a r t of experiment. Researchers Gherman A. Manovtsev, Andrey N. Bozhko, and Boris N. Ulybshev were reported i n good h e a l t h a t conclusion o f experiment. haba bad, NYT, 12/25/68, 38) December 26 : U. S. S. R. launched Cosmos CCLXII from Kapustin Yar i n t o o r b i t with 791-% (491.5-mi) apogee, 264-km (164-mi) perigee, 95.2-min period, and 48.4 i n c l i n a t i o n . Equipment was functioning normally. (SBD, 12/30/68, 257; GSFC SSR, 12/31/68) - - . President Johnson appointed f o u r new members t o President ' s C o m i t t e e on t h e National Medal of Science: D r . Ernest R. Hilgard, Stanford Univ.; D r . Edwin Land, president of Polaroid Corp.; D r . Charles P. S l i c h t e r , Univ. of I l l i n o i s ; and D r . Richard B. Turner, Rice Univ. Terms would e x p i r e Dec. 31, 1971. D r . Max Stone P e t e r s of Univ. of Colorado was named Committee chairman f o r 1969, succeeding D r . Bryce Crawford of Univ. of Minnesota. (g, 12/30/68, 1742; NYT, - 12/27/68, 4 . I n Washindon Post columnist Joseph Kraft s a i d post-Apollo programs had been sharply cut i n Congress and space spending had been compared unfavorably with money f o r pressing i n t e r n a l needs. "In t h i s s i t u a t i o n , it makes sense f o r t h i s country t o disengage while it i s ahead. There i s no need f o r t h e United S t a t e s t o r a c e Russia t o every new milestone i n space. On t h e contrary, what t h e United S t a t e s wants i s a program c l o s e l y connected t o e x p l i c i t American requirements--a program of exploration f o r i t s own sake, not f o r t h e sake of beating t h e Russians. I n t h a t way, t h i s country can continue t o develop a c a p a b i l i t y i n space, without having t o respond i n a panic t o t h e ups and downs t h a t a r e necessary p a r t of t h e space business." (W Post, 12/26/68) . Apollo 8 l u n a r f l i g h t was voted t o p news s t o r y of 1968 i n Dec. 24 r e p o l l i n g of e d i t o r s of Associated Press member newspapers, r a d i o , and TV s t a t i o n s . Previous p o l l , completed before Dec. 2l-27 mission, had s e l e c t e d a s s a s s i n a t i o n s of Sen. Robert F. Kennedy and Rev. Martin Luther King a s No. 1 and No. 2 s t o r i e s of year. (W -S 9 tar 12/26/68, ~ 8 ) �A t '135th meeting of American Assn. f o r t h e Advancement December 26-31: o f Science i n Dallas, Tex., John M. Logsdon, a s s i s t a n t p r o f e s s o r of i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s a t - Catholic Univ. of America, s a i d former President Dwight D. Eisenhower had planned t o scrap manned space f l i g h t s a f t e r P r o j e c t Mercury but h i s successor, President John F. Kennedy, had decided t o t r y t o send men t o t h e moon because of "America ' s competitive and expansive s p i r i t . " Outgoing P r e s i d e n t i a l Science Adviser, D r . Donald I?. Hornig recommended reexamination of concept of Federal Department of Science since science "has now assumed such importance t o t h e n a t i o n t h a t i t s p o s i t i o n would be stronger if it had a voice i n t h e Cabinet. I' He advocated annual r e p o r t on s t a t e of science s i m i l a r t o annual economic r e p o r t and s a i d Office of Science and Technology "could eventually evolve i n an o f f i c e of planning and a n a l y s i s , looking broadly a t n a t i o n a l problems with some s c i e n t i f i c o r t e c h n o l o g i c a l component, but extending w e l l beyond t h e purely t e c h n i c a l a r e a s . " Under questioning, D r . Hornig s a i d he agreed with D r . J. Herbert Hollomon, President of Univ. of Oklahoma and former A s s i s t a n t Secretary of Commerce, t h a t Federal Dept. of Science, with National Science Foundation a s i t s core, might encompass oceanographic agencies, high energy physics research c u r r e n t l y funded by AEC, ESSA, Bureau of Census and Labor S t a t i s t i c s , geophysics branches of Geological Survey, and some N I H programs. D r . Hollomon a l s o suggested WSA be added when it could be included "without having it become t h e t a i l t h a t wags t h e dog." D r . Hornig i n s i s t e d no massive "science agency" should be created t o usurp supervision of Nation's science e f f o r t . Cornell Univ. map expert, Prof. Arthur J. McNair, s a i d sophist i c a t ed photographic mapping by s a t e l l i t e s a t 140-mi a l t i t u d e would provide f a s t e r , cheaper, broader, and more d e t a i l e d coverage t h a n now p o s s i b l e by a i r p l a n e mapping. Single map-making s a t e l l i t e photo, he s a i d , would be equivalent t o 1,000 photos taken by a i r c r a f t . U.S. could be f u l l y and adequately mapped i n one year from photos from s a t e l l i t e i n near-polar o r b i t f o r f o u r weeks. Another 11 mo would be needed f o r d a t a processing. U.S. had already spent 125 yr i n inadequate mapping. D r . Robert H. Hardie of Vanderbilt Univ. s a i d planet Pluto had appeared t o be dimming f o r p a s t 10 yr. It was moving around i n 248-yr o r b i t a l period t o point where it r e f l e c t e d l i t t l e s u n l i g h t . I t s s u r f a c e temperature had dropped two degrees a s r e s u l t . He speculated t h a t planet froze i n t o mass of stone and s o l i d nitrogen a s temperatures reached -250° C when facing away from sun. When bathed i n s u n l i g h t , p l a n e t warmed t o -200' C and formed r e f l e c t i n g puddles which astronomers saw a s v a r i a t i o n s i n l i g h t i n t e n s i t y . ( ~ e x t ;WI, W Post, 12/28/68, Ag; Lannan, W S t a r , 12/30/68, A3; AP, W ~ o s t m 0 / 6 8 ,A6; W 9-S t a r 12/30/68, ~ 3 ) �December 27: A t White House p r e s s conference President Johnson discussed Apollo 8 ' s e f f e c t on U.S. p o s i t i o n i n space race: "We a r e very pleased with t h e progress we have made.... Each s i d e has d i f f e r e n t examples of i t s achievements. But i n t h e 10 t o 11 years since Sputnik I. .when we d i d n ' t even have a space committee i n t h e Congress, when we were t a l k i n g about t h e b a s k e t b a l l up t h e r e i n t h e a i r , when we have weathered t h e storms t h a t have brewed--everyone who wanted t o cut anything, t h e f i r s t t h i n g t h e y wanted t o cut was t h e space program--when we have seen t h e e d i t o r i a l p r o f e s s o r s inform us t h a t t h e r e was r e a l l y no value i n doing all of t h i s anyway, it gives me g r e a t pleasure now t o see t h e t h r i l l t h a t even t h e y a r e g e t t i n g out of it. " President described anxiety about such a complex mission and s a i d he had repeatedly asked himself whether U.S. was ready, whether d a t e s e l e c t e d was b e s t one, whether every p o s s i b l e precaution had been taken, and whether every man had performed h i s requirements. "About a l l you can d o . . . i s t o pick men t h a t you have confidence i n , t h a t you t r u s t , give them t h e support t h e y need, and t h e n hold on." Remembering he had "recommended t h i s goal f o r t h i s decade'' t o President Kennedy, he s a i d : "There have been many p i t f a l l s every s t e p of t h e way. I don't know how many f o l k s have j u s t wanted t o abandon it, c l i p it, cut it, t a k e t h e money f o r t h e c i t i e s o r t h e war o r j u s t anything e l s e . Space has been a whipping boy. "So when you see t h e day approaching when v i s i o n s , and dreams, and what we s a i d t o t h e Congress when we created t h e Space Administrat i o n back i n 1958 a r e becoming r e a l i t y , you n a t u r a l l y a r e hopeful. " L a t e r , i n telephone message t o Apollo 8 a s t r o n a u t s President congratulated crew and said: "YOUhave made us very proud t o be a l i v e a t t h i s p a r t i c u l a r moment i n h i s t o r y . You have made u s f e e l akin t o t h o s e Europeans n e a r l y f i v e c e n t u r i e s ago who heard s t o r i e s of t h e New World f o r t h e f i r s t time. There i s j u s t no o t h e r comparison t h a t we can make t h a t i s equal t o what you have done o r t o what we f e e l . . My thoughts t h i s morning went back t o more t h a n 10 years ago when we saw Sputnik r a c i n g through t h e s k i e s , and we r e a l i z e d t h a t America had a b i g job ahead of it. "It gave me so much pleasure t o know t h a t you men have done a l a r g e p a r t of t h a t job. (5,12/30/69, 1744-50) . .. ... . Apollo 7 mission ( 0 c t . U-22) was adjudged successful by NASA. A l l launch v e h i c l e systems performed s a t i s f a c t o r i l y throughout expected l i f e t i m e and spacecraft systems functioned with few minor anomalies, which were countered, preventing l o s s of systems support. Splashdown occurred w i t h i n one mile o f guidance system t a r g e t point and recovery of f l i g h t crew and CM was successful. A l l t e s t o b j e c t i v e s had been s u c c e s s f u l l y accomplished. (NASA P r o j o f f ) �December 27: Apollo 6 (launched A p r i l 4) was adjudged unsuccessful by NASA. Although t h r e e of f i v e primary mission o b j e c t i v e s had been f u l l y accomplished and two p a r t i a l l y accomplished, o v e r a l l mission was not a success. Apollo 6 had entered e l l i p t i c a l parking o r b i t i n s t e a d of planned c i r c u l a r o r b i t when 2nd stage engines shut down prematurely and 3rd s t a g e f a i l e d t o r e i g n i t e on command. (NASA Proj off) . NASA announced it would convert t o c i v i l service operation during next 1 8 mo work performed i n 810 contractor p o s i t i o n s a t GSFC, t o b r i n g Center's operations i n t o accord with C i v i l Service Commission guidel i n e s p r o h i b i t i n g Government supervision of contractor employees. Many incumbent c o n t r a c t o r employees would be o f f e r e d Government posit i o n s and only small p o r t i o n of c o n t r a c t o r s 1 a c t i v i t i e s would be a f f e c t e d i n many cases. Conversion would be completed by June 1970 and NASA would continue t o r e l y on industry t o considerable extent f o r support services. (NASA Release 68-223) . Mment SFC announced it had issued Boeing Co. $8,429,047 supplemental agreeextending from October 1968 t o March 1970 maintenance and operat i o n of Saturn V development f a c i l i t y a t MSFC and providing f o r mechanical ground support equipment and l o g i s t i c s work. (MXFCRelease 68-283) . NASA announced award by LeRC of $3,448,762 cost -plus-award-fee contract t o Honeywell, Inc., f o r Centaur launch vehicle guidance system including management, engineering, r e p a i r , and modification support during 1969. (NASA Release 68-222) . I n Science D r . J. C. G. Walker, Yale Univ. geologist and geophysicist, and N. W. Spencer, Chief of GSFC1s Laboratory f o r Atmospheric and Biological Sciences, s a i d thermosphere probe experiments had provided l a r g e s t body of rocket mass-spectrometer d a t a obtained. T e s t s had been conducted j o i n t l y by s c i e n t i s t s a t GSFC and Space Physics Research Lab. a t Univ. of Michigan t o determine temperatures of e a r t h ' s upper atmosphere. Since 1962, concentration and temperature of molecular nitrogen i n upper atmosphere had been measured i n 22 s u c c e s s f u l f l i g h t s under varying conditions of s o l a r a c t i v i t y , from launch s i t e s a t Fort Churchill, Manitoba, Wallops I s l a n d , Va., and Vega Baja, Puerto Rico. S c i e n t i s t s had concluded t h a t upper atmosphere c o n s i s t e d of mixture of gases--electrons, ions, and n e u t r a l p a r t i c l e s - each of which had d i s t i n c t temperature. M u l t i p l i c i t y of temperatures could be expected i n upper atmosphere of p l a n e t s , though d i f f e r e n c e s between p l a n e t a r y atmospheres must be more s t r i k i n g t h a n s i m i l a r i t i e s �December T( (continued) because of d i f f e r e n c e s i n atmospheric composition and i n d i s t a n c e from sun. It was l i k e l y t h a t absence of permanent magnetic f i e l d on e i t h e r Mars o r Venus caused f u r t h e r s u b s t a n t i a l d i f f e r e n c e s between upper atmospheres of t h e s e p l a n e t s and t h e upper atmosphere of e a r t h . (science, 12/27/68, 1437-41) . Washington Post s a i d Harvard Univ. s c i e n t i s t D r . George B. Kistiakowsky, who i n 1959 was chief science adviser t o President Eisenhower, had s a i d i n taped i n t e r v i e w f o r broadcast on CBS r a d i o network Dec. 29 t h a t putt i n g man on moon would not compare t o g r e a t s c i e n t i f i c achievements r his [moon f l i g h t ] i s an adventure. such a s breaking g e n e t i c code. i t ' s d i f f e r e n t from Darwin's t r a v e l s , " which l e d t o h i s discovery of g e n e t i c evolution. ( ~ a r o n s ,W Post, 12/28/68, ~ 8 ) ... . Associated Press quoted Mrs. Madalyn Murray O'Hair, who was instrumental i n having prayer removed from U.S. public schools, a s saying she would r e g i s t e r complaints with NASA against reading by Apollo 8 a s t r o n a u t s of p o r t i o n s of Genesis during l u n a r o r b i t and would organize mail campaign t o b a r prayer from space. (AP, W Post, 12/28/68, ~ 9 ) . National Science Foundation announced median annual s a l a r y of U.S. s c i e n t i s t s i n 1968 was $13,000, up $1,200 (19;)from 1966. S e l f employed s c i e n t i s t s earned highest median, $18,000, i n 1968, with t h o s e employed by industry, business, and nonprofit organizations second a t $14,700. Federal Government s c i e n t i s t s reported same median salary--$13,500--as t h o s e employed on y e a r l y b a s i s by educational i n s t i t u t i o n s . Single l a r g e s t u s e r s of s c i e n t i f i c Industry and business t a l e n t were educational i n s t i t u t i o n s (4%). employed 3$, and 1%were c i v i l i a n s i n Federal Government. I n f o r mation was based on responses by 298,000 U. S. s c i e n t i s t s t o NSF' s b i e n n i a l National Register survey. (NSF Release 68-181) . New York Times s a i d a r t i c l e i n December i s s u e of A u s t r a l i a n Quarterly by A u s t r a l i a n National Univ. l e c t u r e r Robery Cooksey had suggested U, S. "space r e s e a r c h f a c i l i t y " a t Pine Gap near geographical c e n t e r of A u s t r a l i a might be s t a t i o n designed t o guide o r b i t a l m i s s i l e s f i r e d from U.S. t o t a r g e t s i n Communist k i n a . I f so, he s a i d , A u s t r a l i a would t h e n be p o t e n t i a l t a r g e t f o r r e t a l i a t i o n with nuclear weapons. A r t i c l e had caused f l u r r y of questions about base i n A u s t r a l i a n p r e s s . Later New York Times s t o r y s a i d U.S. o f f i c i a l s i n Washington had denied suggestion and s a i d Pine Gap i n s t a l l a t i o n was j o i n t U. S. -Australian space research f a c i l i t y e s t a b l i s h e d by rumbu bull, NYT, 12/29/68, 30) agreement i n 1966. �December 27: DOD announced appointment t o Defense Science Board of D r . Arthur T. Biehl, Associate Director f o r Advanced Study, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory; D r . Lewis M. Branscomb, Chairman of J o i n t I n s t i t u t e f o r Laboratory Astrophysics, Univ. of Colorado; Daniel J. Fink, General Manager f o r Space Systems, General E l e c t r i c Corp.; and D r . Charles M. Herzfeld, Technical Director of Defense Space Group (R&D), I n t e r n a t i o n a l Telephone and Telegraph Corp. (DOD Release 1139-68) . AEC announced d e t e c t i o n of Chinese Communist atmospheric nuclear t e s t a t Lop Nor area. It was eighth Chinese Communist nuclear t e s t detected and had y i e l d of about t h r e e megatons. Peking government l a t e r confirmed s u c c e s s f u l explosion of hydrogen bomb, p a r t i c l e s of which, s a i d Associated Press, had been found i n r a i n water c o l l e c t e d a t Nigata, Japan. Peking Radio a l s o s a i d Communist China would never s i g n U.N. t r e a t y t o end spread of nuclear weapons. (AEC Release L-294; AP, W S t a r , 12/29/68, 1 F 12/26/69, A10; UPI, W -9S t a r 12/29/69, A10; Kumpa, B Sun, INTELSAT-I11 F-2 (launched Dec. 19) was used between Etam, December 28: W. Va, and Raisting, Germany, under emergency a u t h o r i z a t i o n t o back up i n t e r r u p t i o n of s e r v i c e on TAT-4 cable. (NASA F r o j o f f ) . Finnish p r o f e s s o r Arrno N i i n i s a i d photos of e a r t h brought back by Apollo 8 a s t r o n a u t s might show t i n y r i n g of small dust p a r t i c l e s 200 t o 350 m i above e a r t h . It would be d i s c e r n i b l e only i n p i c t u r e s t a k e n with sun behind camera and with s u f f i c i e n t l y s e n s i t i v e film. (WI, NyT, 12130168, 2) . Fresident Johnson announced promotion of Apollo 8 Astronaut William A. Anders (Maj., USAF) t o Lieutenant Colonel under h i s p o l i c y of granti n g one-grade promotion t o m i l i t a r y astronaut a f t e r h i s f i r s t successf u l space mission. (Maynard, W Post, 12/29/68, ~ 4 PD, ; 1/6/69, 5 ) - . I n Moscow interview with Turin, I t a l y , newspaper La Stampa, Soviet space s c i e n t i s t Prof. Leonid I. Sedov s a i d U.S. sX. was concentrating on p e r f e c t i n g unmanned spaceships f o r exploration of c e l e s t i a l bodies deeper i n space t h a n moon. "There does not e x i s t a t present a s i m i l a r p r o j e c t [ t o Apollo 81 i n our program. I n t h e near f u t u r e we w i l l not send a man around t h e moon. We s t a r t from t h e p r i n c i p l e t h a t c e r t a i n problems can be resolved with t h e use of automatic soundings." Sedov h a i l e d Apollo 8 mission a s "a g r e a t s c i e n t i f i c conquest. " (UPI, W ~ o s t , ~ ~ 8 4 ,) �December 29: I n Washineon Sunday S t a r , W i l l i a m Hines reported r e s u l t s o f query of e i g h t eminent s c i e n t i s t s on most important s i n g l e decision r e l a t e d t o science and technology which faced President-elect Richard M. Nixon e a r l y i n h i s administration. Consensus was: shaping of long-term science policy. Also c i t e d were need f o r reexamination of p r i o r i t i e s and goals, with f i r m decision on extent t o which science and higher education should receive Government support; c r e a t i o n of Dept. of Science i n cabinet o r stronger science-Government communication l i n e s ; r e a s s e s s ment of space funding and o t h e r "big science" p r o j e c t s , including proton a c c e l e r a t o r s ; g r e a t e r emphasis on s o c i a l goals; vigorous a n t i p o l l u t i o n e f f o r t s ; and more imaginative use of science and technology a s i n s t r u ments of n a t i o n a l policy. None of eight s c i e n t i s t s advocated abandonment of space program a f t e r culmination of Apollo p r o j e c t . P h y s i c i s t Alvin M. Weinberg, Director of Oak Ridge National Lab., s a i d of space program, "This t h i n g t a k e s so very much money t h a t i t ' s hard t o get e x c i t e d about any o t h e r decision i n science u n t i l t h i s one has been made. What should be i t s l e v e l i n t h e l Y O s ? We have become accustomed t o something l i k e f o u r o r f i v e b i l l i o n d o l l a r s a year, but I doubt very much t h a t t h i s i s a l e v e l t h e new President i s l i k e l y t o concur i n . " (W 9-S t a r 12/29/68, ~ 3 ) . Noting what he c a l l e d "curious conspiracy of s i l e n c e on R u s s i a ' s capabili t i e s and i n t e n t i o n " f o r almost e i g h t y e a r s , W i l l i a m Hines i n Washington Sunday S t a r s a i d : "One of t h e many small a c t s of p o s i t i v e statesmanship which Richard M. Nixon could p r o f i t a b l y perform e a r l y i n h i s administrat i o n would be t o t e l l t h e American people f u l l y and f r a n k l y j u s t what t h e United S t a t e s government knows about t h e Soviet space program.. It would l e n d credence t o M r . Nixonts professed p o l i c y of openness. It would compromise no s i g n i f i c a n t s e c r e t s . And it would enable t h e American p u b l i c t o make judgments about t h e f u t u r e of t h e U.S. space program a t a time when v i t a f decisions along t h i s l i n e would be coming due." (W S t a r , 12/29/68, ~ 4 ) .. December 30: Defense Secretary designate, Rep. Melvin R. Laird (R- is. ) named David Packard, chairman of.Hewlett-Packard Co., C a l i f o r n i a e l e c t r o n i c s firm, t o be Deputy Secretary of Defense i n Nixon Administrat i o n . ( ~ e e c h e r ,NYT, 12/31/68, 1; WSJ, 12/31/68; Aero Daily, 12/31/68) - Cost-plus-fixed-fee contract f o r Cal Tech's operation of JPL a s a major NASA i n s t a l l a t i o n was renewed by NASA and Cal Tech through Dec. 31, 1971. Cal Tech s t a f f e d and operated JPL; property, f a c i l i t i e s , and equipment were owned by Government. (NASA Procurement Off ; NASA Release 69-2) �December 30: I n Pravda, Prof. Boris Petrov, Soviet guidance mechanisms s p e c i a l i s t , s a i d U.S.S.R. p r e f e r r e d not t o send men t o moon a t t h i s p o i n t though unmanned Zond V and Zond V I "were adapted f o r p i l o t e d f l i g h t . " ( ~ e u t e r s ,W Post, 1 2 / 3 1 m ) . Cleveland P l a i n Dealer e d i t o r i a l said, "Those who argue t h a t t h e country should be spending more money on important domestic programs a r e c o r r e c t . But t h e s e i n c r e a s e s should not have t o come a t t h e expense of American space exploration and newly-won world p r e s t i g e . NASA's needs deserve high p r i o r i t y . There should be no l o s t o p p o r t u n i t i e s . When t h e f i r s t American s e t s f o o t on t h e moon next year, h i s accomplishment should symbolize a beginning, not an ending. " ( C P l a i n Dealer, 12/30/68) . I n Washington Evening S t a r , David Lawrence asked, "What was r e a l l y t h e 5 i g ' m i r a c l e 1 i n t h e voyage of t h e American a s t r o n a u t s t o t h e moon and back?" It could have happened, "and t h e r e s t of t h e world would not have witnessed t h e dramatic a r r i v a l of t h e a s t r o n a u t s aboard an a i r c r a f t c a r r i e r i n t h e middle of t h e P a c i f i c Ocean o r t h e p i c t u r e s sent from o u t e r space f o r s e v e r a l days i f it has not been f o r another g r e a t f e a t of science--transmission of t e l e v i s i o n and r a d i o from a r t i f i c i a l s a t e l l i t e s d i r e c t t o every continent of t h e world." (W S t a r , 12/30/68, ~ 9 ) - December 31: White House announced from Johnson City, Tex., t h a t President Johnson would present NASA Distinguished Service Medals t o Apollo 8 Astronauts Frank Borman, James A. Lovell, Jr., and W i l l i a m A. Anders during "Astronaut Day" ceremonies i n D. C. Jan. 9, 1969. (AP, W 3-S t a r 12/31/68, A5 ; UPI, 10C; W Post, 1/1/69, 2) , . Soviet t e s t p i l o t Eudard V. Yelyan t e s t - f l e w TU-144 U. S. S.R. ' s delta-wing supersonic t r a n s p o r t , on successful 38-min maiden f l i g h t from a i r p o r t near Moscow. Tass reported "the equipment on board t h e a i r l i n e r operated normally." A i r c r a f t was designed t o c a r r y 120-135 passengers a t speeds t o 1,600 mph over 4,000-mi range. It was equipped with four Kuznetsov N.K. -144 t u r b o f a n engines. Tass s a i d sonic boom " i s almost not f e l t " on e a r t h because TU-144 reached maximum speed a t high a l t i t u d e s . L a t e r , New York Times e d i t o r i a l commented: "The long i n t e r n a t i o n a l debate about supersonic a i r l i n e r s i s sure t o be stepped up i n t h e wake of t h e news t h a t t h e Soviet entry, t h e TU-144, has made i t s f i r s t f l i g h t . Since it has not been claimed t h a t t h i s i n i t i a l t r i a l reached supersonic speeds, t h e l i k e l i h o o d i s �December 31 (continued) t h a t t h e TU-144 was kept subsonic on i t s f i r s t outing. But Soviet a i r p l a n e designers and b u i l d e r s have manufactured enough supersonic m i l i t a r y planes t o suggest t h a t on a subsequent f l i g h t t h e TU-144 I n t h i s country, t h e w i l l f l y f a s t e r t h a n t h e speed of sound.... Soviet f i r s t w i l l undoubtedly spur t h o s e who want t o pour s t i l l more Government funds i n t o t h e Boeing p r o j e c t t o b u i l d an advanced supersonic plane t h a t i s f a s t e r and l a r g e r t h a n t h e TU-144. Fort u n a t e l y , t h i s country's technological p r e s t i g e i s now higher t h a n ever i n t h e wake of t h e Apollo 8 moon journey. That f a c t should h e l p t h e incoming Nixon Administration t o see t h a t t h e r e a r e b e t t e r uses f o r t h e n a t i o n ' s scarce resources t h a n t o engage i n a supersonic plane race whose economics a r e dubious and whose product's c o n t r i b u t i o n t o noise p o l l u t i o n i s a l l t o o loud." haba bad, NYT -9 1/1/69, 1; UPI, W -S 9 tar 1/1/69, A7; Winters, B Sun, 1/1/69, 1; NYT, 1/2/69, 30) - . National Science Foundation r e l e a s e d Federal Funds f o r Research, Development, and Other S c i e n t i f i c A c t i v i t i e s : F i s c a l Years 1967, 1968, and 1969. Federal o b l i g a t i o n s f o r b a s i c research, applied research, and development ( p l a n t excluded) t o t a l e d $16.5 b i l l i o n i n FY 1967 and were expected t o t o t a l $16.2 b i l l i o n i n FY 1968, f i r s t drop since 1955. Obligations had been expected t o t o t a l $17.3 b i l l i o n i n FY 1969, b u t , because of appropriations and apportionment a c t i o n s , probably would be even l e s s t h a n i n 1968. Basic r e s e a r c h o b l i g a t i o n s t o t a l e d $2.0 b i l l i o n i n FY 1967 and were expected t o be $2.1 b i l l i o n i n 1968. Applied research o b l i g a t i o n s t o t a l e d $3.3 b i l l i o n i n FY 1967, with $3.3 b i l l i o n estimated f o r 1968. O r i g i n a l l y expected increases i n FY 1969 o b l i g a t i o n s , t o $2.4 b i l l i o n f o r b a s i c research and $3.6 b i l l i o n f o r applied research, probably would not occur because of cutbacks i n FY 1969 budget. Development o b l i g a t i o n s were $11.3 b i l l i o n i n 1967, highest ever reported, but were expected t o drop t o $10.8 b i l l i o n i n 1968. O r i g i n a l l y expected r i s e t o $ll. 3 b i l l i o n i n 1969 probably would not be achieved. I n FY 1967, o b l i g a t i o n s f o r R&D p l a n t t o t a l e d $620 m i l l i o n , with estimated $517 m i l l i o n f o r 1968 and $777 m i l l i o n f o r 1969. DOD, NASA, and AEC provided bulk of R&D funds, with 9@ average share during 1960-66 and 8 p during 1967-69. DOD, NASA, and AEC t o g e t h e r supported 6 q of Federal r e s e a r c h t o t a l and more t h a n 9% of development t o t a l i n 1968. During 1967-69, 8@ of Federal R&D funds were scheduled f o r extramural performers, c h i e f l y U.S. i n d u s t r i a l firms. I n 1968 t h e y received 6%, with colleges and u n i v e r s i t i e s receiving N , �December 31 (continued) F e d e r a l l y funded R&D c e n t e r s , kj:, and remaining 2% t o intramural I n b a s i c research colleges and u n i v e r s i t i e s were 1968's major performing group, with 37% of t o t a l . Federal s e c t o r was scheduled t o perform 375 of 1968 t o t a l applied research. I n d u s t r i a l firms were t o perform 775 of t o t a l 1968 development. During t h r e e y e a r s , 1967-69, l i f e sciences received 2% of Federal support; engineering sciences 2%; physical sciences 215; and environmental sciences 1%. Since 1959, however, psychological and s o c i a l sciences had shown f a s t e r r e l a t i v e gains than a l l others. ( ~ e x t ) . New York Gov. Nelson B. Rockefeller announced Apollo 8 a s t r o n a u t s had accepted i n v i t a t i o n t o come t o New York f o r s p e c i a l day of observance Jan. 10. (FOX, 1/1/69, 1) TJYT, . Senator-elect Barry Goldwat e r ( R - ~ r i z). t e s t -rode F-111A and took c o n t r o l s during p a r t of 90-min f l i g h t t o and from N e l l i s AFB, Nev. L a t e r he s a i d a i r c r a f t had been victim of p o l i t i c s , not by p a r t y , but by "bungling i n t h e Defense Department. " Goldwater s a i d he had not opposed a i r c r a f t but objected t o way DOD had awarded c o n t r a c t t o General Dynamics Corp. He s a i d USAF had done good job i n "taking t h e bugs out of t h i s a i r p l a n e . " (AP, W Post, 1/1/69, ~ 9 ) . USAF awarded c o n t r a c t s t o t a l i n g $28.8 m i l l i o n t o F a i r c h i l d H i l l e r Corp., McDonnell Douglas Corp., and North American Rockwell Corp. f o r contract d e f i n i t i o n f o r ZF-15A advanced a i r s u p e r i o r i t y f i g h t e r a i r c r a f t . (DOD Release 1147-68) NASA issued Objectives and Goals i n Space Science and During December: Applications--1968. NASA Office of Space Science and Applications had p a r t i c i p a t e d i n 1968 agency-wide planning t o d e t a i l program o b j e c t i v e s and options from which program could be b u i l t . Many t o o l s required f o r f u t u r e space program had already been developed and many f u t u r e ventures would r e q u i r e only modest improvements. Spacecraft pointing accuracies and s t a b i l i t y would improve, and t h e i r l i f e t i m e s would increase. More powerful t r a n s m i t t e r s would communicate d a t a across ever-widening expanses. Spacecraft weight would increase and man would have i n c r e a s i n g c a p a b i l i t y t o work and navigate i n space. Advances i n chemical propulsion, and i n t r o d u c t i o n of nuclear and e l e c t r i c propulsion, and new combinations of e x i s t i n g s t a g e s , would permit growth of launch v e h i c l e c a p a b i l i t y t o meet mission demands. FY 1969 support of program recognized need f o r a u s t e r i t y and provided �During December (continued) f o r continuance of e x i s t i n g a t economical l e v e l and i n i t i a - -programs t i o n of only " p r o j e c t s of g r e a t m e r i t , including t h o s e where a unique opportunity might be l o s t . " Future emphasis would be on expanding a p p l i c a t i o n s of space and space technology f o r b e n e f i t of man: improving c a p a b i l i t y f o r surveying e a r t h ' s resources, providing TV broadcast from space, and improving weather f o r e c a s t i n g . Knowledge o f Mars, Venus, Mercury, Jupiter,and o t h e r o u t e r p l a n e t s would be expanded. I n t r o d u c t i o n of l a r g e r , more accurate t e l e s c o p e s would provide man perhaps with "his g r e a t e s t s t e p i n understanding t h e n a t u r e of h i s universe." (Text) . Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences issued Tenth Anniversary, 1958-1968 t o meet requests f o r information concerning i t s h i s t o r i c a l background, a c t i v i t i e s , j u r i s d i c t i o n and procedures, l e g i s l a t i v e record, membership, and s t a f f a s s i s t a n c e . Report contained National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, a s amended, r e l a t e d l e g i s l a t i o n - - i n c l u d i n g NASA's funding history--and Comunicat i o n s S a t e l l i t e Act of 1962. (Text) I n 1968 U. S. o r b i t e d 64 spacecraft and U. S. S. R. , 74. During 1968: U.S. t o t a l included 43 launched by DOD. NASA's 21 included s a t e l l i t e o r b i t e d a s secondary payload. Highlight of NASA's 1 0 t h anniversary year was success i n c a r e f u l l y planned s e r i e s of Apollo missions--including f i r s t two manned f l i g h t s i n Apollo l u n a r landing program. Unmanned Apollo 5 and Apollo 6 completed i n f l i g h t t e s t s of a l l major p i e c e s of Apollo hardware. F i r s t manned mission, Apollo 7 , c a r r i e d t h r e e a s t r o n a u t s around e a r t h f o r 11 days, v e r i f y i n g s p a c e c r a f t operation before splashing down p r e c i s e l y on t a r g e t . Mission included l i v e TV transmission from space, l a r g e s t number of i n f l i g h t r e s t a r t s of SPS t o d a t e , and new record of 781 man-hours i n space. Apollo program climaxed Dec. 21-27 with highly s u c c e s s f u l six-day Apollo 8 mission on which three-man crew demonstrated operat i o n of spacecraft systems i n l u n a r environment. Spacecraft o r b i t e d moon 1 0 t - h e s , providing man with h i s f i r s t t r i p out of e a r t h ' s g r a v i t a t i o n a l f i e l d and f i r s t look a t moon's f a r s i d e and proving c a p a b i l i t y of crew, s p a c e c r a r t , and support and c o n t r o l systems t o operate out t o l u n a r d i s t a n c e s and r e t u r n through e a r t h ' s atmosphere a t l u n a r - r e t u r n v e l o c i t y . unmanned Surveyor V I I , NASA's f i r s t launch i n 1968 and l a s t s p a c e c r a f t i n Surveyor s e r i e s , softlanded on moon, conducted o n - s i t e analyses of l u n a r s o i l , and took p a r t i n l a s e r - d e t e c t i o n �During 1968 ( continued) communications experiment. Applications s a t e l l i t e s launched included INTELSAT-I11 F-2 comsat f o r ComSatCorp and ESSA V I I and V I I I meteorol o g i c a l s a t e l l i t e s f o r ESSA. S c i e n t i f i c achievements included o r b i t i n g of NASA's OGO V, OAO 11, Explorer XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, and XL s a t e l l i t e s and Naval Research Laboratory1s Explorer XXXVII. OAO E-h e a v i e s t and most complicated U.S. automated spacecraft ever launched-took f i r s t W photos of s t a r s , r e t u r n i n g previously unobtainable data. Explorer XXXVI was s u c c e s s f u l i y used by GSFC a s t a r g e t i n f i r s t dayl i g h t o p e r a t i o n a l l a s e r tracking. Pioneer IX, launched i n t o s o l a r o r b i t , c a r r i e d TETR I1 pickaback and e j e c t e d it i n t o e a r t h o r b i t where it served a s t r a c k i n g t a r g e t f o r NASA's Manned Space F l i g h t Network. Some 157 meteorological sounding rockets and 100 s c i e n t i f i c sounding r o c k e t s were launched, and FAM C - I 1 spacecraft was launched on s u b o r b i t a l mission t o o b t a i n d a t a on r a d i o a t t e n u a t i o n during reentry. X-15 rocket research a i r c r a f t made 1 3 f l i g h t s , ending i t s f l i g h t program with 199 missions, including 154 a t mach 4 o r g r e a t e r , 109 a t mach 5 o r above, and 4 a t g r e a t e r t h a n mach 6. NASA-USAF f l i g h t r e s e a r c h continued with 1 3 f l i g h t s of XB-70 supersonic a i r c r a f t . U W ' s C-5A, world's l a r g e s t m i l i t a r y cargo a i r c r a f t , made i t s maiden f l i g h t and t h r e e of t h e a i r c r a f t completed 31 f l i g h t s f o r 88-hr t o t a l f l y i n g time. Design of SST was reevaluated and program was delayed u n t i l new fixed-wing design was s e l e c t e d , with prototype construction expected t o begin i n 1969. NASA's HL-10 l i f t i n g - b o d y v e h i c l e completed 1 2 s u c c e s s f u l g l i d e f l i g h t s and f i r s t powered f l i g h t . DOD space program included o r b i t i n g of 8 IDCSP comsats, 1 Lincoln Experimental S a t e l l i t e , 5 Orbiting Vehicle research s a t e l l i t e s , and 2 environmental r e s e a r c h s a t e l l i t e s ; s t a t i c t e s t - f i r i n g s of T i t a n IIIM 1 s t stage; and near completion of MOL launch complex a t Vandenberg AFB I n j o i n t NASA-AEC e f f o r t , propulsion technology h i g h l i g h t s i n cluded power t e s t s of Phoebus 2A nuclear r e a c t o r , f i r s t t e s t s of cold-flow t e s t engine i n f l i g h t configuration i n new t e s t stand, and f i r s t t e s t - f i r i n g s of Pewee 1 f u e l element t e s t - b e d r e a c t o r . U. S. S.R. launched 74 payloads, including 64 Cosmos s a t e l l i t e s , 1 Luna, 1 Proton, 3 Zond, and 2 Soyuz s p a c e c r a f t , and 3 Molniya I comsats. Manned Soyuz 2 rendezvoused but d i d not dock with m a n n e d Soyuz 3 launched one day e a r l i e r . Unmanned Zond 5 and 6 completed circumiunar f l i g h t s and were recovered. ~ o n K r c l e d - m o o n and apparently crashlanded. U. S. S. R. ' s TU-14-a-wing supersonic t r a n s p o r t s u c c e s s f u l l y made 38-min maiden f l i g h t . (Pres R t 68; NASA Release 68-219; B Sun, 1/18/69, 28; Shabad, ;*TY N UPI, W S t a r , 1/1/69, ~ 7 7 - . �Major administrative events a f f e c t i n g NASA and i t s r o l e i n During 1968: space were r e s i g n a t i o n of Administrator James E. Webb i n 0 c t o b e r ; a f t e r n e a r l y 8$ yr a s NASA's head, and budget c u t s n e c e s s i t a t i n g program and personnel reductions. Press marked Webb retirement with p r a i s e f o r many accomplishments o f U.S. space program during h i s leadership. Webb, planning t o devote time t o i n t e r e s t s i n education and urban and f o r e i g n a f f a i r s , continued t o serve a s consultant t o Acting Administrator D r . Thomas 0. Paine. NASA FY 1969 budget request of $4.37 b i l l i o n , already smallest s i n c e 1963 and $700 m i l l i o n below FY 1968 request, was f u r t h e r trimmed by Congress because of urgent n a t i o n a l needs i n o t h e r a r e a s , p a r t i c u l a r l y Vietnam war and urban problems. Authorization of $4.013 b i l l i o n was lowered t o appropriation of $3.995 billion--$375.12 m i l l i o n below o r i g i n a l request. Revenue and Expenditure Control Act of 1968 again reduced NASA funds, a s well a s funds f o r DOD and o t h e r agencies. D r . Paine i n October announced NASA interim operating plan l i m i t e d t o $3.85 b i l l i o n f o r FY 1969. Cutbacks included "sharply l i m i t e d and deferred" Apollo Applications program, end t o Saturn I B and V booster production, 5 ~ cut : i n advanced mission s t u d i e s , reduced l u n a r and p l a n e t a r y exploration program, one-year delay i n NERVA development, s l i p s i n B i o s a t e l l i t e program, and reductions i n astronomy, physics, and b a s i c research. I n November D r . Paine s a i d t h a t below $ 4 - b i l l i o n l e v e l NASA could no longer "hold t o g e t h e r our hard-won c a p a b i l i t i e s and u t i l i z e them e f f e c t i v e l y i n c r i t i c a l programs; some of them would have t o be dropped e n t i r e l y . " (EH) . In i t s i n t e r n a t i o n a l cooperation program, NASA s u c c e s s f u l l y launched t h r e e s a t e l l i t e s f o r European Space Research Organization: I n t e r n a t i o n a l Radiation I n v e s t i g a t i o n Sat e l l i t e IRIS I (ESRO 11-B)Aurorae (ESROI ) t o study aurora b o r e a l i s and r e l a t e d p o l a r ionosphere phenomena, and Highly Eccentric Orbiting S a t e l l i t e HEOS A f o r i n t e r p l a n e t a r y physics research. From eight nations, 35 i n v e s t i g a t o r s were s e l e c t e d t o c a r r y out experiments with t h e f i r s t l u n a r surface m a t e r i a l t o be r e t r i e v e d by NASA. Four nations contributed experiments flown on NASA s p a c e c r a f t and 122 sounding rockets were launched i n s c i e n t i f i c programs with e i g h t countries. Geodetic s a t e l l i t e observations were c a r r i e d o u t with 34 countries; a e r o n a u t i c a l research was conducted with 4 c o u n t r i e s ; and 52 c o u n t r i e s had APT f a c i l i t i e s t o receive cloud cover p i c t u r e s from U.S. s a t e l l i t e s . (NASA Releases 68-219, 68-204; Pres Rpt 68 , �PROVISIONAL INDEX- -DECEMBER 1968 AA. See Apollo Applications program. Accident, 393, 396 A c c e l e r a t o r , 405 Advanced B a l l i s t i c Reentry System (ABRES) , 391 AEC. See Atomic Energy Commission. Aegerter, D r . I r e n e , 390 Aerobee 150 M I ( sounding rocket ) 391 Aeronautics, 386, 387, 392, 402, 408, 428 Aerospace I n d u s t r i e s Assn. , 405 Aerospace industry, 405 A f r i c a , 399 Agreement, 385, 386, 420 A g r i c u l t u r e , Dept. o f , 387 AIAA. See American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and Astronautics. A i r Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (AFCRL) , 390 A i r c r a f t , 386, 387, 390, 401, 402, 404, 405, 423-425, 427 A i r p o r t s , 387, 390 Alaska, 392 A l g r a n t i , Joseph S., 393 A l l e n , H. J u l i a n , 385 American Academy of A r t s and Sciences, 397 American Assn. f o r t h e Advancement of Science, 417 American I n s t i t u t e o f Aeronautics and Astronautics (AM), 389 Space Science Award, 406 American I n s t i t u t e of Physics, 400 American Science and Engineering, Inc., 391 American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 402 American Telephone & Telegraph Co. (AT&T), 395 Ames Research Center (ARC), 385 Space science Div., 406 Ammonia, 400 Anchorage, Alaska, 392 Anders, L/C William A. (usAF), 394, 409, 421, 423 Andover, Me. , 407 Anniversary, 403, 426 Apollo (program), 391, 396, 399, 403, 404, 426 Apollo 4 ( f l i g h t ) , 411 Apollo 5 ( f l i g h t ) , 411, 426 Apollo 6 ( f l i g h t ) , 411, 419, 426 Apollo 7 ( f l i g h t ) , 400, 411, 418, 426 Apollo 8 ( f l i g h t ) , 396, 399, 400, 402, 409-414, 416, 418, 420, Apollo 8 ( s p a c e c r a f t ) 404-405, 408 Apollo 9 ( f l i g h t ) , 399 Apollo Applications (AA) program, 391, 399, 404, 416, 428 Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package (ALSEP), 406 , , 4=, 426 �DECEMBER 1968 ARC. See Ames Research Center. A r c t i c , 390 Armed Forces Management Assn. , 387 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 404 Astronaut, 386, 387, 392-394, 396, 397, 400, 402, 4043 407, 409-4143 418, 421, 423, 425, 426 Astronomy, 387, 388, 392-393, 399-401, 41.7, 4263 428 Athena ( m i s s i l e ) 391 A t l a n t i c Ocean, 406, 415 Atlas-Centaur ( b o o s t e r ) , 392 Atmosphere, 419-420 Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 407, 417, 421, 4 g ATS I1 ( ~ ~ ~ l ions i c a Technology t s a t e l l i t e ) , 415 ATS 111, 415 ATS IV, 391 ATS-E, 392 Aurora b o r e a l i s , 390, 428 Aurorae (ESROI) ( s a t e l l i t e ) , 428 A u s t r a l i a n National Univ., 420 Automatic P i c t u r e Transmission (APT), 400, 428 ~ v i a t i o n / ~ ~ aWriters ce Assn. 405 Award, 385, 387, 388, 392, 397, 404, 406 Ba j a , C a l i f . 410 Balloon, 398 Barium, 396 B a t t e l l e Memorial I n s t i t u t e , 401 Becker, John V . , 387 Belgium, 388 Berry, D r . Charles A., 402 Beryllium, 401 Beverly H i l l s , C a l i f . , 392 Biehl, D r . Arthur T . , 421 Big Dipper ( c o n s t e l l a t i o n ) , 399 B i o s a t e l l i t e ( ~ r o ~ r a m 402, ), 428 Boeing Co., 401, 419, 423 Bonn, West Germany, 387 Borman, Col. Frank (uW), 394, 409, 423 Boshko, Andrei N., 416 Boston, Mass., 397 Branscomb, D r . Lewis M., 421 Brown, D r . Harold, 398 Bureau of Labor S t a t i s t i c s , 417 Bureau of t h e Census, 417 C-5A (cargo t r a n s p o r t ) , 401, 427 C a l i f o r n i a I n s t i t u t e of Technology ( ~ a~le c h ) ,386, 397, 398, 422 , , , (ii) �DECEMBER 1968 C a l i f o r n i a , Univ. of Berkely, 386, 400 Lo s Angele s , 390 Camera, 400 Canberra, A u s t r a l i a , 400 Cape Horn, 410 Carbon dioxide, 390 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., 386 Carswell AFB, Texas, 402 Catholic Univ. of America, 417 Centaur ( b o o s t e r ) , 419 Chicago, Ill., 387, 390 China, Communist, 385, 420, 421 C i v i l Service Commission, 419 Cleveland C l i n i c , 390 C l i f f o r d , S e c r e t a r y of Defense Clark, 396 Cloud, 428 C o l l i e r , Robert K. Trophy, 408 Colorado, Univ. o f , 416 J o i n t I n s t i t u t e f o r Laboratory Astrophysics, 421 Commerce, Dept. o f , 387 Communications s a t e l l i t e , 390, 392, 395, 406-407, 427 Communications S a t e l l i t e Act, 426 Communications S a t e l l i t e Corp. ( ~ o m S a t ~ o r p )390, , 393, '395, 406-407, 427 Computer Softwear Management and Information Center (COSMIC), 398 Congress, 387, 415, 416, 41d, 428 Congress, Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 426 Cook, Don, 385 Cooksey, Robert, 420 Cooper, L/C L. Gordon (US&?), 394 Cornell Univ., 417 Cosmic r a y s , 388 Cosmonaut, 386, 397 Cosmos CCLVII (u. S. S. R. s a t e l l i t e ) , 386 Cosmos CCLVIII, 395 Cosmos CCLIX, 399 Cosmos CCLX, 401 Cosmos CCLXI, 407 Cosmos C C L X I I , 416 Crawford, D r . Bryce, 416 Cunningham, R. Walter, 394 Czechoslovakia, 397 D a l l a s , Texas, 417 , (iii) �DECEMBER 1968 Dana, William H., 408 Darmstadt Germany, 388 Dartmouth College Amos Tuck School of Business Administration, 409 Defense, Dept. of (DOD), 385, 389, 390, 392, 398, 4 a 3 422, 425, 4269 428 Defense Science Board (DOD),421 D e l t a ( b o o s t e r ) , 388 Distinguished Service Medal, 404 Distinguished Service Medal (NASA), 423 DuBridge, D r . Lee A . , 386, 389, 398, 403 Draco ( c o n s t e l l a t i o n ) , 399 Duke Univ., 386 E a r t h , 396, 410, 412, 413, 421, 426 Eastern Test Range (ETR), 388, 392, 406 Education, 404, 415, 422 386, 394, 402 Edwards AFB, Calif. E i s e l e , Donn F., 394 Eisenhower, President Dwight D . , 417, 420 399, 417, 4~ Environmental Science Services Administrat i o n (EsSA) ERS XXI ( ~ n v i r o n m e n t a lResearch s a t e l l i t e ) , 427 ERS XXVIII, 427 ESSA V I I (meteorological s a t e l l i t e ) , 400, 427 ESSA VIII (TOS-F) 399-400, 427 Etam, W. Va., 407, 421 ETR. See Eastern Test Range. Europe, 400 European Space Research Organization Explorer XXXVI ( s a t e l l i t e ) , 427 Explorer XXXVII, 427 Explorer XXXVIII 427 ( ~ i Density r Explorer V ) 398, 4 q E x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l l i f e , 389, 390 E:ctravehicular a c t i v i t g (EVA), 407 F - 1 4 ~ (supersonic f i g h t e r ) , 404 F-111.A (supersonic f i g h t e r ) , 405, 425 F a i r c h i l d H i l l e r Corp. 425 F e d e r a l Aviation Administration (FAA), 387, 390, 415 F e d e r a l Communications Commission (FCC), 395 F e d e r a l Department of Science (proposed), 417 ~ k d & r iaotn Aeronaut ique I n t e r n a t i o n a l e (FAI) 397 Fermi, Enrico, Award, 385 Fink, Daniel J., 421 F l e t c h e r , D r . Robert D. 406 F l i g h t Research Center (FRC), 402 F l i g h t S a f e t y Foundat ion, 402 , , , , , , , , , �DECEMBER 1968 F o r t Churchill, c an it oba, 419 F o s t e r , W i l l i a m C . , 4-04 France, 388 ~ r i ci bt n E f f e c t s of Runway Grooves, Runway 18-36, Washington National A i r p o r t , 415 F u l t o n , Fitzhugh L., Jr., 386, 402 Gagarin, Col. Yuri A. (u.s.s.R.), 397 Garbuzov, Finance Minister Vasily (u.S.S.R.), 397 Gas t u r b i n e , 406 General Dynamics Corp., 425 E l e c t r i c Boat Div., 391 General E l e c t r i c Co., 421 Gentry, Maj. J e r a u l d R. ( u w ) , 394 Geodetic s a t e l l i t e , 428 Georgia, Univ. o f , 398 German Federal Ministry f o r S c i e n t i f i c Research (BMWF) , 396 Germany, West, 385, 388 Goddard, D r . Robert H. , 406 Goddard, Robert H. , Award, 406 Goddard Space F l i g h t Center (GXFC),393, 399, 400, 412, 419, 4 3 Laboratory f o r Atmospheric and Biological Sciences, 419 Goldstone, C a l i f . 400 Goldwater, Barry, 425 GOR-16 ( g e n e r a l ocean research s h i p ) , 398 Grants, 404, 408 Green River, Utah, 391 Grumman A i r c r a f t Engineering Corp. 404 GSFC. See Goddard Space F l i g h t Center. Guest, D r . Robert H. 409 Hage, George H. 404 H a i l e S e l a s s i e , Emperor of Ethiopia, 414 Handler, D r . P h i l l i p , 386, 404 Hardie, D r . Robert H. 417 Hardy, D r . H a r r i e t L., 400 Harmon I n t e r n a t i o n a l Aviation Trophy, 386 Harr, Karl G . , Jr., 405 Harvard Univ., 392, 420 Heart, a r t i f i c i a l , 390 HEOS-A ( ~ i ~ Eccentric h l ~ Orbiting s a t e l l i t e ) 388, 428 Herzfeld, D r . Charles M., 42l. Hewlett-Packard Co., 422 Hilgard, D r . Ernest R . , 416 Hines, W i l l i a m , 401, 422 HL-10 (lifting-body v e h i c l e ) , 394, 427 Hollomon, D r . J. Herbert, 417 , , , , , , �, Honeywell, Inc. 419 Hooker, D r . Stanley G. 406 Hornig D r . Donald F. 387, 392, 417 Hughes, Howard, 392, 407 Hughes Nevada Operations, 392 I l l i n o i s , Univ. o f , 416 I n i t i a l Defense Cormmmications S a t e l l i t e (IDcsP) 427 I n s t i t u t e of High Energy Physics, 405 I n s t i t u t e of S t r a t e g i c Studies, 397 INTELSAT I ( ~ a r l y ~ i r d )( c o m n i c a t ions s a t e l l i t e ) , 407 INTELSAT-I1 F-4 (INTELSAT 11-D)390, INTELSAT-I1 F-3 (Atlantic 11)) 407 INTELSAT-I11 F-1, 406 INTELSAT-I11 F-2, 406-407, 415, 421, 427 I n t e r i o r , Dept. o f , 387 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Astronomical Union, 385 I n t e r n a t i o n a l cooperat ion, space, 388, 396, 428 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Telecommunications Sat e l l i t e Consortium (INTELSAT) 406 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Telephone and Telegraph Corp. 421 Ion propulsion, 391-392 Ionosphere, 428 I r e l a n d , 386 IRIS I (ESRO 11-B)( ~ n t e r n a t i o n a lRadiation Investigation s a t e l l i t e ) , 428 I s o l a t i o n experiment, 415-416 Italy, 388 ITT World Comunications, Inc. 395 Jamesburg, C a l i f . , 390 Japan, 400 J e t Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) ( C a l ~ e c h ) 422 Johnson City, Texas, 423 Johnson, President Lyndon B., 385, 386, 392, 403, 404, 409, 415, 418, 4-21 J o i n t Oceanographic I n s t i t u t i o n s f o r Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES ) 399 J u p i t e r l la net ) 426 399, 416 Kapustin Y a r , U.S.S.R., KC-135 ( f l y i n g ionospheric laboratory) 390 Kennedy, President John F. 408, 417 Kennedy, Sen. Robert F., 416 Kennedy Space Center (KSC), 409, 411 K i l l i a n , D r . James R., 392 King, Rev. Martin Luther, 416 Kistiakowsky, D r . George B., 392, 420 K i t t y Hawk Memorial Trophy, 392 Knight, Maj. W i l l i a m J. (USAF) 386 Kordes, D r . Eldon E. 402 Kraft, Joseph, 416 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , �KSC. See Kennedy Space Center. Kuznetsov N. K. -144 (u. S. S. R. turbofan engine), 423 L a i r d , Rep. Melvin R., 3 9 , 422 Land, D r . Edwin, 416 Langley Research Center ( L ~ c ) ,387 Lannan, John, 399 Lapp, D r . Ralph E. 396, 399 Laser, 400, 427 Launch Complex 39, 409 Lawrence, David, 423 Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, 4 2 l Lederer, Jerome, 404 LES V I ( ~ i n c o l nLaboratory Experimental s a t e l l i t e ) , 427 Lewis Research Center ( L ~ R C(NASA), ) 388, 390, 419 Libby, D r . Willard F., 390 Lifting-body v e h i c l e , 394 Lindbergh, Charles A . , 394 L i t t l e Dipper ( c o n s t e l l a t i o n ) , 399 Lockheed A i r c r a f t Corp. 396, 401 Lockheed E l e c t r o n i c s Co., 396 Lockheed M i s s i l e s and Space Co., 385 Logsdon, Prof. John M. , 417 Logunov, D r . A n a t o l i A. 405 Lop Nor, Communist China, 421 Los Angeles, C a l i f . , 400 Losey, Robert M., Award, 406 Lovell, Capt. James A., Jr. (USN) 394, 409, 423 Lucas, D r . W. R . , 391 Luest, Prof. Reimar, 396 Luna X I V (u.S.S.R. l u n a r probe), 427 Lunar Landing Test Vehicle (UTV), 393 Lunar o r b i t rendezvous (LOR), 409 Lunar O r b i t e r (program), 389 Luskin, Harold T 404 Lysenko, Trofim D., 385 McDivitt, L/C James A. (USAF) , 394 McDonnell Douglas Corp., 404, 425 McNair, Prof. Arthur J., 417 Madrid, Spain, 400 Magnetic f i e l d , 388, 420 Mallick, Donald L. , 386 anh hat tan P r o j e c t , 399 . Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL), 396, 4~ Manned space f l i g h t , 399, 400, 403, 414, 417, 418, 426 Manned Space F l i g h t Network, 400, 4 8 Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), 393, 411 , , , , ., (vii) �DECEMBER 1968 , Manovt sev, Gherman A. 416 ), Mariner ( ~ r o ~ r a m 389 Mars ( p l a n e t ) , 389, 403, 413, 420, 426 Marshall Space F l i g h t Center (MSFC), 391, 411, 419 Maser, 400 Massachusetts General Hospital, 400 Massachusetts I n s t i t u t e of Technology (MTT), 392 Dept of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 406 Max Planck I n s t i t u t e , 396 Melbourne, A u s t r a l i a , 394 Mercury ( p l a n e t ) , 426 Meteorological s a t e l l i t e , 395, 399-400, 427 Meteorology, 394, 406, 426 Michener, Gov. Gen. Roland, 414 Michigan Univ. of Space Physics Research Laboratory, 419 M i l l e r , D r . Rene H. , 406 Minnesota, Univ. o f , 416 Minuteman ( m i s s i l e ) , 401 M i s s i l e , 391, 401, 420 See Manned Orbiting Laboratory. MOL Molniya I (u. S. S.R. communications s a t e l l i t e ) , 4 3 Moon c r a t e r , 385, 410 e x p l o r a t i o n o f , 396, 399, 403, 413, 42l landing manned, 401, 403, 420, 423 s o f t , 426 unmanned, 414 landing s i t e , 410 photographs, 385, 414, 415 s u r f a c e , 407, 410, 414, 426, 428 Moorer, Adm. Thomas H. (uSN), 404 Moscow, U.S.S.R., 394, 405, 423 M t Palomar Observatory, 387 M t . Wilson Observatory, 387 MSC. See Manned Spacecraft Center. See Manned Space F l i g h t Network. MSFN. MSFC. See Marshall Space F l i g h t Center. NASA Committee on Extra-Vehicular A c t i v i t i e s , 407 NASA Office of Manned Space F l i g h t (OMSF), 411 NASA Office of Space Science and Applications (osSA), 393, 425 NASA Office of Technology U t i l i z a t i o n , 398 NASA. Office of Tracking and Data Acquisition, 412 National Academy of Sciences, 400, 401, 407 . . . �National Aeronautics and Space Act, 394, 426 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) anniversary, 426 award, 387, 388, 392, 394, 406, 423 budget, 426, 428 c o n t r a c t , 396, 407, 419, 422 cooperation, 387, 398, 427 cooperat ion, i n t e r n a t i o n a l , 388, 396, 428 employees, 419, 428 launch. 426 ~ $ 0 1 1 08 (AS-503)~409-415 s a t e l l i t e , 388, 392-393, 399-400, 406-407 Y 428 sounding rocket, 391 organization, 391, 407 personnel, 385, 391, 404, 409, 419, 428 program a e r o n a u t i c s , 386, 387, 402, 408, 428 Ap0110, 391, 396, 3999 403, 404, 426 Apollo Applications, 391, 399, 416, 428 B i o s a t e l l i t e , 402, 428 Explorer, 398 Lunar Orbiter, 389 Mariner, 389, 401 NERVA, 428 p l a n e t a r y , 428 sounding rocket, 391, 419, 427, 428 space biology, 390, 4-02, 428 Surveyor, 38 9 Viking, 389 t e s t , 391-394, 397, 400 National Aeronautics and Space Council (NAsc), 395 National Council on Marine Resources and Development, 388 National I n s t i t u t e s of Health (NIH), 417 National Science Foundation (NSF) 400, 408, 417, 420 N e l l i s AFB, Nev. 405 Naval Research Laboratory, 427 Nepal, 386 N e l l i s AFB, Nev. 425 NERVA. See Nuclear Engine f o r Rocket Vehicle Application Netherlands, 385 Nevada Test S i t e , 407 New York, N.Y., 387, 390, 404 New York Academy of Science, 415 Newby, Dave, 391 Nicks, Oran W. 389 , , , , �Nigata, Japan, 421 N i i n i , Arrno, 421 Nixon, p r e s i d e n t - e l e c t Richard M., 386, 388, 393, 397, 398, 400, 4 0 3 ~415~ 421, 422 North American Rockwell Corp. 408, 425 North Pole, 410 NSF. See National Science Foundation. Nuclear Engine f o r Rocket Vehicle Application (NERVA),428 Nuclear f i s s i o n , 385 Nuclear n o n p r o l i f e r a t i o n t r e a t y , 421 Nuclear r e a c t o r , 385, 427 Nuclear submarine, 391 Nuclear t e s t , 421 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 422 OAO I ( o r b i t i n g Astronomical observatory), 393 OAO 11 ( ~ A o - A ~ 392-3939 ) 399, 4 r l Oceanography, 388, 398, 399, 408, 417 OfConnor, E. F . , 391 Office of Naval Research, 400 OW V ( o r b i t i n g Geophysical ~ b s e r v a t o r y ) , 4 r l 0 ? Hair, Mrs. Madalyn Murray, 420 Oklahoma, Univ. o f , 417 O r b i t i n g Vehicle (research s a t e l l i t e ) , 427 O'Toole, Thomas, 392, 401 Oxygen, 408 P a c i f i c Ocean, 415 Packard, David, 422 Paine, D r . Thomas O . , 409, 428 Parachute , 377 Parsons, James F . , 385 Paul V I , Pope, 413 Paumalu, C a l i f . , 390 P e t e r s , D r . Max Stone, 416 Petrov, Prof. Boris, 413, 423 Pewee 1 (nuclear r e a c t o r ) , 427 Phoebus 2 A (nuclear r e a c t o r ) , 427 Pine Gap, A u s t r a l i a , 420 Pioneer IX ( i n t e r p l a n e t a r y probe), 427 P l u t o ( p l a n e t ) , 417 Polaroid Corp. 416 Poseidon ( m i s s i l e ) , 401 P r a t t Perry W. 406 P r e s i d e n t i a l Medal of Freedom, 394 P r e s s comment a i r p o r t s , 390 , , , , �Press comment ( continued) Apollo 8 f l i g h t , 396, 412-414 science, 389 space program, 423 P r e s s conference, 387-388, 403, 404, 418, 421 Princeton Univ. , 385 Proton IV (u. S. S.R. space s t a t i o n ) , 42'7 Proton a c c e l e r a t o r , 405 Puerto Rico, 415 Quark (matter t h e o r y ) , 405 Quasar, 398 Radiation, 387 Radio s i g n a l , 410 Radioastronomy 400-401 R a i s t i n g , W. Germany, 421 RAM C - I 1 ( s p a c e c r a f t ) , 427 R. C. A. Communications, Inc. 395 Re cord a i r c r a f t , 386, 408 Reed, Sylvanus Albert, Award, 406 Reentry, 391, 427 Rendezvous, 427 Research and development, 387, 397, 424-425 Reuther, Walter P., 385 Revenue and Expenditure Control Act of 1968, 428 Rice Univ. , 416 Rockefeller, Gov. Nelson B. , 425 Rockefeller Fublic Service Award, 388 Rogers, William P., 397 Rolls-Royce Ltd. B r i s t o l Engine Div. , 406 Rumford, S i r Benjamin Thompson, Count, 397 Rumford Premium, 397-398 Ssnger, D r . Eugen, 387 Sato, Prime Minister Eisaku, 414 S a t w n IB (uprated Saturn I) (booster), 428 Saturn V, 409, 4 l l , 419, 428 S c h i r r a , Capt Walter M. , Jr. (uSN) 392-394, 404 Schmidt, D r . Maarten, 397-398 Schneider, W i l l i a m C . , 404 Science, 386-389, 393, 403, 415, 422 S c i e n t i s t s , 420 Scout (sounding r o c k e t ) , 396 Seckbach, D r . Joseph, 390 Sedov, Prof. Leonid I., 421 , , , . , �DECEMBER 1968 , h l t i t u d e Parachute ~ x ~ e r i m e)n Pro t j e c t 397 SHAPE (supersonic ~ i g A S i l v e r s t e i n , D r . Abe, 388 S l i c h t e r , D r . Charles P . , 416 Smart, Gen. Jacob E. (uW, Ret ) , 387 Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 392-393 Sonic boom, 402 Sonnett, D r . Charles P. 406 Sounding rocket, 391, 419, 427, 428 South America, 410 Soviet Academy of Sciences, 385 Council f o r I n t e r n a t i o n a l Cooperat ion i n I n v e s t i g a t i o n and U t i l i z a t i o n of Outer Space, 413 soyuz 2 (u.s.S.R. spacecrarc), 4~ soyuz 3, 427 Space biology, 390, 402 Space, peaceful use o f , 397, 426 Space program, n a t i o n a l , 386-389, 391, 394, 396, 399, 403, 414, 416-418, 422, 423, 425-4269 428 Space r a c e , 396, 399, 416, 418 Space rescue t r e a t y , 386 Space r e s u l t s , 390, 398, 426 Space s t a t i o n , 391, 403 S p e c i a l Report on Underground Testing, 392 Spencer, N. W. 419 Stanford Univ. 416 S t a r , 392-393, 399, 427 S t e v e r , D r . H. Guyford, 386 S t u h l i n g e r , D r . E r n s t , 391 Supersonic High A l t i t u d e Parachute Experiment. See SHAPE p r o j e c t . Supersonic t r a n s p o r t (SST), 423-424, 427 Surveyor (program), 389, 403, 426 Surevyor V I I ( l u n a r probe), 426-48' Technology, 386-388, 403, 422 T e l Aviv, I s r a e l , 385 Telescope, 426 T e l e v i s i o n , 395, 400, 412, 414, 426 TETR I1 ( ~ e s and t Training s a t e l l i t e ) , 427 Thant, U.N. S e c r e t a r y General U, 414 Thrust-Augmented Long-Tank Delta ( b o o s t e r ) , 406 Thiokol Chemical Corp Elkton, Md. Div., 396 Thrust-Augmented Long-Tank Thor-Delta ( b o o s t e r ) , 399 Thrust-Augmented Thor-Delta ( b o o s t e r ) , 388 T i r o s I (meteorological s a t e l l i t e ) , 400 T i r o s 111, 400 T i r o s Operational Sat e l l i t e (TOS) system, 399-400 . , , , . (xii) �DECEMBER 1968 T i t a n 1 1 1 - ~ / ~ e n t a u r( b o o s t e r ) , 389 Titm 1 1 1 - M , 427 Todd Shipyards Corp., 398 Townes, D r . Charles H., 386, 400 Tracking, 427 Trendex P o l l , 403 TU-144 (u. S. S. R. supersonic t r a n s p o r t ) , 423-424, 4 8 Turner, D r . Richard B. 416 Ulybshev, Boris N. , 416 Underground nuclear t e s t 392, 407 United A i r c r a f t Corp. , 406 United Auto Workers of America, 385 United Kingdom (u.K. ), 385, 386, 388 United Nations (u.N.), 394, 412, 421 General Assembly, 408 U n i v e r s i t i e s , 389, 404, 425 Uranium, 385 U. S. A i r Force (USAF), 386, 398 a i r c r a f t , 386, 387, 390, 402, 405, 408, 425, 427 award, 387 c o n t r a c t , 385, 407, 425 cooperation, 387 , 408, 427 launch m i s s i l e , 391 r e e n t r y v e h i c l e , 391 MOL, 396 r e s e a r c h , 390, 401 U. S. Geological Survey, 417 U. S. Navy (uSN), 387 , 398, 404 U. S. S .R. (union o f Soviet S o c i a l i s t ~ e ~ u b l i c s ) a i r c r a f t , 423-424 budget, 397 launch, 426, 427 s a t e l l i t e , 427 Cosmos, 386, 395, 399, 401, 407, 416, 4 8 science and technology, 385, 397 , 405, 415-416 space program, 385, 399, 413, 421-423 space rescue t r e a t y , 386 weapons, 397 U.S.S. Yorktown, 411 Vandenberg AFB, C a l i f . , 427 Vanderbilt Univ. 417 Vavilov, Nikolay I. 385 Vavilov, Sergei I . , 385 Vega ( s t a r ) , 399 , , , , (xiii) �DECEMBER 1968 Vega Baja, Puerto Rico, 419 Venus ( p l a n e t ) , 390, 413, 420, 426 VFX-1. See F - 1 4 ~ . Vietnam War, 397, 428 Viking, P r o j e c t 389 Volpe Gov. John A. 397 Von Braun, D r . Wernher, 391 Vostok I ( f l i g h t ) , 397 Walker, D r . J. C. G., 419 Wallops S t a t i o n (NASA), 396, 419 Washington, D.C., 388, 389, 404, 405, 423 Washington National Airport, 387, 415 Webb, James E . , 394, 428 Weidner, Hermann K e y 391 Weinberg, Alvin M. 422 Weizmann I n s t i t u t e of Science Reuther, Walter P., Chair f o r Study of Peaceful Use Energy, 385 Welsh, D r . Edward C., 395 , 385 Western Test Range (WTR) West e r n Union I n t e r n a t i o n a l , Inc. 395 Wheeler, D r . John Archibald, 385 White, L/C Edward H. , I1 (USAT), 394 White House, 385, 386, 394, 418, 423 White Sands M i s s i l e Range (WSMR) , 391, 397 Wiesner, D r . Jerome, 392 Wilson, George C. 405 Wings Club, 404 Wisconsin, Univ. o f , 392-393 World Meteorological Organization, 394 World Weather Watch, 394 Wright Brothers Day, 403 Wright, O r v i l l e , 403 Wright, Wilbur, 403 WSMR. See White Sands M i s s i l e Range. WTR. See Western Test Range. X-15 (rocket research a i r c r a f t ) , 386, 387, 408, 427 XB-70 (supersonic a i r c r a f t ) , 402, 427 XB-70A, 386 X-ray, 389, 391 Yale Univ. , 419 Yelyan, Eudlard V. 423 ZF-15A ( f i g h t e r a i r c r a f t ) , 425 Zond V (u. S. S. R. space probe), 423 Zond V I , 385, 423 , , , , of Atomic , , , (xiv) NASA-HQ �COMMENT D W T .NOT F O R A S T R O N A U T I C S AND A E R O N A U T I C S DECEMBER 1968 A CHRONOLOGY ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND POLICY (HKR-23) Text Drafted by Science and Technology Division Library of Congress NASA Historical Division (EH) Office of Policy National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D.C. 20546 (PLEASE F33TUFOJ COMMENTS AND SURPLUS COPIES TO EH) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000122 Title A name given to the resource "Astronautics and Aeronautics December 1968: A Chronology on Science, Technology, and Policy (HHR-23)." Description An account of the resource Comment draft. Text drafted by Science and Technology Division, Library of Congress. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Library of Congress. Science and Technology Division NASA Historical Division (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-01-01 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn Project (U.S.) Science and state Space race Technology and state Type The nature or genre of the resource Chronologies (list) Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 30, Folder 7 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000119_000149 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/18057 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1266/spc_stnv_000123.pdf ca5f34e8cf97095652390569e04c4d2f PDF Text Text �F E B R U A R Y 1969 �February 2: Laser tracking techniques which permitted accurate tracking of o r b i t i n g spacecraft on 24-hr b a s i s had been developed and perfected by NASA s c i e n t i s t s and engineers, NCLSA announced. New technique-p a r t i c u l a r l y import'ant in geodetic studies, which required precise angle and distance measurements between sat e l l i t e and ground s t a t ions-offered g r e a t e r measuring accuracy than RF methods, required only l i g h t weight r e f l e c t o r s on s a t e l l i t e , and was l e s s affected by t r a n ~ s s i o n impeding environmental disturbances. First operational daylight tracking with l a s e r had been accompLished by GSFC team Oct. 21, 1968. (NASA Release 69-10; A&A 68) NASA's Apollo 8 mission and USN navigation s a t e l l i t e system developed by Johns Hopkjlls U n i v . Applied Physics Laboratory had been named two of t o p four engineering achievements of 1968 by National Society of Professional Engineers. Others f i s t e d were Meramec Power Plant, south St. Louis County, Mo., f o r i t s a i r pollution control system and Palacio d e l Rio Hotel, San Antonio, Tex., f o r unique crane-hoisted module construction. (W Star, 2/2/69, ~ 2 ) In New York Times Magazine, D r , Ralph E. Lapp, physicist, wrote : " ... I would urge t h a t we a l t e r t h e U.S. space program a s follows: F i r s t , make a firm decision t o terminate the manned space program soon a f t e r I would reserve the remaking Apollo t h e init id lunar landing. c r a f t f o r f u t u r e unmanneb missions t o t h e planets and I would mothball t h e single-purpose manned space f l i g h t f a c i l i t i e s . A t t h e same time, I would continue a N.A.S.A. program of long-range space development aimed a t advanced modes of propulsion, compact e n e r a sources and improved long-distance cormwnication. High p r i o r i t y would be assigned t o t h e development of nuclear energy both f o r propulsion and f o r on-board power. "Second, g r e a t l y expand N.A.S.A.'s present program f o r exploiting applications o f space science and technology. The p o t e n t i a l of s a t e l l i t e s f o r cormnunications i s far from being r e m z e d and needs t o be enhanced by t h e development of new techniques. It should not be t o o d i f f i c u l t t o develop o r b i t a l systems f o r t h e control of h t e r c o n t i nerrtal a i r t r a f f i c . Perhaps t h e p e a t e s t benefits *om s a t e U t e s a r e t o be expected in t h e survey and evaluation of e a r t h resources, such as underground water , mineral deposits and plant -forest cc ver. , "Thlrd, e s t a b l i s h a high p r i o r i t y within N.A.S.A. f o r f'undamental research using unmanned space vehicles. This p r o g r a m s h o d d be 10 t o 20 years in duration and should be aimed a t finding out more about our ... .. �February 2 (continued) p l a n e t , : t h e sun and t h e r e s t of t h e s o l a r system. The most expensive-j e c t s would b e the- planetary and the most dramat ic--of t h e s e probes designed t o fly by, o r b i t o r land on t h e nearby planets. " (E, 2/2/69, 32-40; E, 2/7/69, ~ 9 9 - 9 ) a . Apollo 8 Astronaut 3'ra.m Brman and family departed aboard USAF j e t for 18-day p r e s i d e n t i a l goodwill mission t o England, France, Belgium, t h e Netherlands, West Germany, I t a l y , Spain, and Portugal. I t i n e r a r y : London, Feb. 2-5; P a r i s , Feb, 5-7; Brussels, Feb. 7-10; The Hague, Feb. 1 0 - I l ; ~ B o m , Feb. 11-12; West Berlin, Feb. 12-13; Rome, Feb. 13-17; Madrid, Feb. 17-19; and Lisbon, Feb. 19-21. (NASA Off of k t Affairs; W S t a x , 2/2/69, ~ 3 ) February 3 : NASA announced it had extended $69,692,000 contract with B e l l c m , Inc., t o provide systems analysis, study, planning, and t e c h n i c a l support of manned space flight. Value o f one-year costplus-fixed-fee contract extension was $ ~ , 4 8 3 , 0 0 0 . (NASA Release 69-25) February 3-5: London accorded Apollo 8 Astronaut Frank Bornan and family full c e l e b r i t y s t a t u s , i n c l u d h g frontpage newspaper coverage, taped !IT interviews, and cheers from schoolchildren. He l e c t u r e d before Royal Society of S c i e n t i s t s Feb. 3 and on Feb. 4 w a s presented t o Queen Elizabeth IT. a t Buckingham Palace and d s i t e d Prime Minister Harold Wilson and House of'Commons. Borman at U.S. Embassy presented NASA's Manned Spaceflight Group Achievement Award t o S t a t i o n Manager James McDowell of NASA Communications Switching S t a t i o n in London and Public S e r v i c e Group Achievement Awmd t o C, James G i l l , d i r e c t o r of U. K. I s p o s t o f f i c e telecommunications system. ( ~ e e ,NYT, 2/4/69, 4; W Post, 2/5/69, A18; C Trib, 2/5/69; NASA O f f of ~ n t ' l ~ f f a i r s ) February 4 : Aerobee 150 MT sounding rocket launched by NASA from Churchill Research Range carried Univ. of Minnesota I n s t i t u t e of Technolow payload t o U5.6-mi (186-lan) a l t i t u d e t o study n e u t r a l composition of polar atmosphere with n e u t r a l mass spectrometers. Rocket and i n s t m e r k s performed s a t i s f a c t o r i l y and experimental d a t a showed"sme extremely i n t e r e s t i n g r e s u l t s . " (NASA Rpt SRL) �President Nixon accepted pro forma resignation of February 4: Dr. Edward C. Welsh, Executive Secretary of Mational Aeronautics and Space Council. Appointed by President Kennedy i n 1961, D r . Welsh had been Councilt s f i r s t and only executive secretary. (W Post, 2/5/69, A7; AP, 17 S t a r , 2/5/69, 1; B Sun, 2/5/69, A7; s-6/69, ~ 3 ) - . D-70 supersonic research a i r c r a f t was flown from Edwards AFB, Calif., t o Wright-Patterson-AFB, Ohio, t o be placed on exhibit a t A i r Force Museum. Flight had been delayed u n t i l turbulent air conditions preuailed so t e s t i n g could continue u n t i l end of . a i r c r a f t ' s s e ~ c e . During final f l i g h t , crew collected data on a i r c r a f t handling and s t m c t u r a l response t o a i r turbulence a t subsonic f l i g h t . NASA had announced end of XB-70 flight research ,Jan. 13.m (NASA Proj Off; UPI, NYT, - 2 / 5 / 6 9 , 73; AP, W Star, . I Dn r Look, science w r i t e r Arthur C. Clarke, Nobel Prize nuclear physicist . I. I. Rabi, novelist C. P. Snow, and Catholic theologian -of. Leslie Dewart, wrote- personal reactions t o Apollo 8 mission.. Clazke sald, "The Apollo 8 mission W k s one of those rare turning points in human h i s t o r y after which nothing w i l l ever be t h e same again. The h e n s e t e c h n i c a l achievement i s already obvious t o every one and has been universally praised; yet t h e psychological impact may be even more important and will t a k e some t i n e t o make itself ruUy f e l t . W e nomlongerLive in the world which existed before Christmas 1968. It has passed away as irrevocably as t h e earth-cent ered m i v e r s e of t h e Middle Ages." D r . Rabi said, "It would be misleading t o taLk of t h e events t h a t l e d t o ' t h e ;journey of Apollo 8 in terms of t h e v a s t sums of money t h a t are involved, even though it cost several times as much as t h e developnent of t h e f i s t atomic bomb. What i s more important and more impressive i s t h a t Apollo 8 represents t h e cooperation of hundreds of thousands of people over a period of years in a gigantic e f f o r t with no c l e a r l y s e t p r a c t i c a l goals, except perhaps t h e profound d e s i r e of mankind t o prove t o it s e l f t h a t it had t h e knowledge and the a b i l i t y t o overcome i t s earthbound limitations. " . Prof. Dewart s a i d , "Xan has taken hls f i r s t , h a l t i n g s t e p s i n t o t h e cosmos beyond t h a t earthly world in which he was born and within which he had always lived. The impact of Apollo 8 i n other areas of human experience i s obvious; in religion, it i s much l e s s immediately evident. And y e t , in t h e end, it may be'more s i g n i f i c a n t f o r t h e development of man's r e l i g i o u s consciousness." (~ o o k ,2/4/69, 72-8) �February 4: I n l e t t e r t o Astronaut Frank Barman, Board of Education of Glendale Union High School D i s t r i c t No. 205, Glendale, Ariz., s a i d it had named plaxmed high school t'ApoUo" i n "honor and appreciation of t h e accomplishments of t h e p a r t i c i p a t i n g astronauts. It invited Apollo 8 crew t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n 1 9 0 dedication ceremony. (NASA LAR, .=, 2/21/69, ~ 1 ~ 6 ) . USN announced award of $40,000,000 contract t o Grumman A i r c r a f t Engineering Corp. f o r engineering development phase of F - 1 4 ~ supersonic f i g h t e r (formerly VFX) , replacement f o r F-Y1B. Funding during f m - y e a r development was expected t o t o t a l (DOD Release 92-69; W Star, 2/5/69, A7; WSJ $388,000,000. 2/5/69, 6 ) - J . I n l e t t e r from Chairman L. Mendel Rivers (D-s.C.) t o Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird, House Armed S e M c e s C o d t t e e informed DOD that because of uncertainty over ABM, Cormittee would take no action t o approve Sentinel a n t i b a l l i s t i c missile s i t e s u n t i l Nixon Administration posit i v e l v expressed i n t e r e s t in project. (sell, W Post, 2/6/69, Al) . I n New York Times, Theodore Shabad said Moscow sources indicated Soviet i n v e s t i g a t o r s had d e d out' p o s s i b i l i t y ;of p o l i t i c a l conspiracy i n Jan. 22 shooting during Kremlin ceremonies f o r Soyuz cosmonauts because of amateurish behavior of gunman i d e n t i f i e d as "Lt. win" of Soviet Army. Sources denied e a r l i e r reports that gunman had taken poison a f t e r shooting and was dead. They s a i d he was undergoing medical ind psychological t e s t i n g t o determine his sanity and motives. (E, 2/5/69, 2) February 5-1: I n t e l s a t - I 1 1 F-3 was successfulLylauncheh by NASA f o r ComSatCorp on behalf of International Communications Sat e U i t e Consortium. The 632-lb c y l i n d r i c a l s a t e l l i t e , launched f'rom ETR by Long-Tank ,Thrust-Augmented Thor ( L E T T A T ) -b D o s~t e~r~, ~entered e U l p t i c a l t r a n s f e r o r b i t .with 23,496.9-mi. (37,814.6-lan) altitude 174.6-mi (253.1-la) perigee, 671.9-min period, and 29.aU inclination. AU systems were functioning normally. On Feb. 7 apogee motor was f i r e d t o kick s a t e l l i t e i n t o planned near-synchronous o r b i t over Pacific at 173.8O.east longitude with 22,250.6-mi (35,809-lrm) apogee, 22,225.1-mi ( 35,768-la) perigee, 22-hr 15-&period, and 1.3' inclination. �ebruary 5-7 ( continued) I n t e l s a t - I 1 1 F-3 was second successful launch i n I3\JTEI;SAT 111 s e r i e s . I n t e l s a t I11 F-2 had been launched Dec. 18, 1968,as backup . t o 'Intelsat-111 F-1 which had been destroyed minutes a f t e r launch Sept. 18, 1968. SateLLite was scheduled t o begin commercial service withln two days, handling up t o 1,200 voice c i r c u i t s o r four TV channels. (NASA Proj O f f ; ComSat Corp Release 69-7 ; AP, : 8 2, 2/6/69, 43; AP, w Post, 2/8/69, A6; G, 2/9/69, 62; GSFC -3SSR 2/15/69; ComSat C o r p ~ 3 0 ) ' February 5 : President Nixon authorized inrmediate $10-million increase in expenditure c e i l i n g p h c e d on National Science Foundation by Johnson ~ d m i n i s t r a t i o ni n 1 9 6 8 . He said, "The colJ.eges and u h i v e r s i t i e s of t h i s Nation provide a c r i t i c a l resource which needs t o be fostered and strengthened. O m higher educational system provides t h e advanced t r a i n i w needed f o r tomormwls leaders i n science and technology, industry and government, and a l s o conducts t h e basic research which uncovers t h e new-knowledge so e s s e n t i a l t o the f b t u r e welfare of t h e country. - : It i s e s s e n t i a l t h a t these programs of education and research e ,Post, 2/6/69, be sustained a t a l e v e l of high excellence. " ( ~ ' ~ o o l W ,2/10/69,224-5) U 5 ; S c h e d s , 3 2/6/69, 20; - New tempest was brewing i n national s c i e n t i f i c community over whether defense establishment absorbed exhorbitant portion of U. S. s c i e n t i f i c and technological energies, John Lannm said i n Washington Evening S t a r . I n New York, younger.physicists had called f o r p o l i t i c a l activism a t annual meeting of American Physical Society Feb. 3. MXT group, Uhion of Concerned S c i e n t i s t s , had scheduled day-long "re search stoppage " March 4 and i n i t i a t e d l e t t e r campaign t o spread its views t o other i n s t i t u t i o n s . Union' s proposals included "a c r i t i c a l and conk inuing examination of government policy in areas where science and technology a r e of a c t u a l o r p o t e n t i a l significance"; redirection of research from defense-oriented t o environment-oriented projects; c a l l t o start students questioning t h e i r f k t u r e professional comnittment s ; opposition t o a n t i b a l l i s t i c missile system; and organization of s c i e n t i s t s i n t o e f f e c t i v e and vocal. p o l i t i c a l action group. (W Star, 2/5/69, A7; Sullivan, NYT -1 2/9/69, YE) �I n message t o Senate, President Nixon urged prompt. r a t i f icaFebruary 5 : t i o n of nuclear nonproliferation t r e a t y : "I believe t h a t r a t i f i c a t i o n o f . t h e rea at^. a t this time would advance t h i s Administration's policy of n e g o t i a t i o n r a t h e r than confrontation with t h e USSR. I beLieve t h e Treaty c a n , b e an important s t e p i n our endeavor t o curb t h e spread of nuclear weapons and t h a t it advances t h e purposes of our Atoms f o r Peace program. " (PD, 2/10/69, 219; W Star, 2/5/69, Al; Semple, NYT, 2/6/69, 1; Kil-patrGk, W Post, 2/6/69, Al, Al4; Large, WSJ, 2/6/69) Report on a v i a t i o n s a f e t y submitted t o House Committee on I n t e r s t a t e and Foreign Commerce by Joseph J. OIConnell, Jr., ChaFnnan of National Transportation Safety Boar'd, gave s t a t i s t i c s f o r 1968: For aY scheduled.air c a r r i e r s e r v i c e s t h e r e was roughly one f a t a l accident for every 500,QOO hrs o r departures, o r f o r every 100,000 transcoot inerrtal f l i g h t s . One passenger was l o s t for every 3 0 m i l l i o n passenger miles flown. Number of f a t a l i t i e s in scheduled domestic and i n t e r n a t i o n a l passenger s e n i c e was second worst of decade; however, total. scheduled air c a r r i e r accident r a t e s , fatal and nonf a t a l , continued downward. I n general aviation, 1968 accidents , t o t a l e d 5,069. Rate f o r f a t a l accidents on b a s i s of hours flown had increased but remained below r a t e s 0f~1965and before and was t h i r d b e s t i n decade. Total mmiber of fatal accidents--692, k i l l i n g 1,374 person-as highest i n history. ( ~ e x;t 2/9/69, 94) x, Durbg two-day Paris v i s i t Apollo 8 A s t m n a u t FrankBonnan February 5-7: m e t with President Chazles de G a U e . A t dinner given by Ambassador R. _ Sargent Shriver, Jr., on E i f f e l Tower, ~ o k Eeceiveh n o f f e r of racing car from French manufacturer who had presented similar g i f t t o Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin I n 1965. During Paris news conferences and on !t'V interview, aman s t r e s s e d i n t e r n a t i o n a l character of space exploration. He said, "1 don't know wby we aren't g o i n g - t o Russia. I would - l i k e t o visit Russia. I think we have some f a i r means of cooperation i n space and I would hope t o see more. " ( ~ a r r i s o n ,-I9WC 2/6/69, 2; 2/7/69, 3) ... j'ebruary 6: Aerobee 150 MI sounding rocket launched by NASA Prom Churchill Research Range c a r r i e d Univ. of Minnesota I n s t i t u t e of Technology payload t o 83.2-mi (133.8-lan) a l t i t u d e t o study n e u t r a l composition of p o w atmosphere with n e u t r a l mass spectrometers. Rocket underperformed; burnout occurred a t 42 secs. . A . l l instruments worked p e r f e c t l y . Usef'ul data were obtained in M.4- t o 87.0-mi (UO- t o 1 4 0 - h ) region. (NASA R p t ' sRL) �A t c o d m a t i o n hearing on his appointment as Director of February 6: Office of Science and Technology before Senate Labor and Public Welfare C a m i t t e e , D r . Lee A. DuBridge s a i d he would place his energies on analysis of weapons systems, environment and e f f e c t of technology and pollution on e n ~ o n m e n t ,and u t i l i z a t i o n of science and technology by Government departments. He planned t o concern hjmself with s o c i a l problems and hoped t o increase s o c i a l s c i e n t i s t s on President's Science Advisory Committee from one t o two. He hoped for increased funding f o r HUD and DOT, and regretted allocations f o r basic research were declining i n DOD, NASA, and AEC because such a g e x i e s "willp r o f i t by good relat i o n s with u n i v e r s i t i e s . " elso son, Science, 2/14/69, 657) . U.were S. R. s Venus V (launched Jan. 5) and Venus V I (launched Jan. 10) on course and functioning normally, Tass announced. SpacecraFt S. were expected t o reach Venus i n l a t e May. Venus V was 4,785,000 mi from earth; Venus V I , 4,050,000 m i . (Reuters, NYT, 2/7/69, 14) . Sperry Rand Corp. announced election of former NASA Administrator James E. t o Board of Directors. He been vice president Webb had of company's Sperry Gyroscope Div. i n 1943. 2/6/69: SBD, 2/=/69; 140) (sperry Rand Release . Univ. of California astronomers, Dr..E. Joseph Wam-pler and D r . Joseph S. Miller, reported they had photographed winking of pulsar i n Crab Nebula--first of pulsars t o be unequivocally associated with observable star--by spinning disk before s t a r ' s image projected by 120-in t e l e scope a t Lick Observatory, Calif. Hole in disk, spun slower than f l a s h rate of pulsa, permitted Light from star t o penetrate once each revolution. For f i r s t time s t a r was shown photographically t o be flashing on and o f f . Rate of l i g h t pulses was i d e n t i c a l Lo t h a t of previously observed radio pulses. (IWC, - 2 / 7 / 6 9 , 22; UPI, W Post, 2/7/69, ~ 6 ) . Cambriage Univ. announced radioastronomy team under Sir Martin Tyle, professor and astronomer, would build world's l a r g e s t , most s e n s i t i v e radiotelescope, t o cost $4.8 million. It would be operational i n two years and capable of picking up signals which s t a r t e d t o earth 8,000 m i n i o n years ago. cambridge team-had discovered pulsars. (UPI; W Post, 2/7/69, AX)) �February 6: NASA awarded G n m m m Aircraft Engineering Corp. $3,438,400 supplemental agreement f o r changes i n Apollo lunar module contract. lbdifications--to documentation and reporting procedures f o r LM t e s t and checkout, t o flight and ground t e s t hardware, t o t e s t and e f f e c t anaJyses, and t o crew s a f e t y hardware--brought t o t a l value of contract t o $1.6 b i l l i o n since January 1963. (MSC Release 69-14) . Washington Evening Star s a i d , "As man's horizon of space expands, t h e c o s t s o f . maintaining an e f f e c t i v e program expand in d i r e c t proport ion. Already, . t h e f i r s t W t e d steps have resulted i n an economic burden t h a t t h e r i c h e s t nation i n t h e world f i n d s almost intolerable. "If t h e adventure is t o continue much longer, it will have t o be a s an internati,onal e f f o r t . Nixon's inaugural. statement r a i s e s t h e p o s s i b i l i t y . t h a t , ,some h t e r n a t i o n a l body, a sort; 'of United, Nations f o r - space exploration, ,could,be established ,to pool t h e t a l e n t s - and t h e resources of a l L n a t i o n s . - I t i s an idea we= worth pursuing. For i f t h e nations can ever combine t h e i r energies as t h e y reach i n t o space--can l e a r n t o share t h e burdens and t h e .rewards--then perhaps manJ-s fear a d suspicion of his fellow man w i l l subside, and the ignorant slaughter will end." (W S t a r , 2/6/69, ~ 1 0 ) , . DOD announced month delay 5 n s i t e acquisition and construct ion work on SentFnel ARM system. Action had been taken previous week t o permit review of program, A t White House news conference, President Nixon s d d , :'I do not buy t h e assumption t h a t the ABM system, t h e t h i n S e n t i n e l system, as it has been de'scribed, .,was simply f o r t h e purpose of protecting ourselves against a t t a c k from Communist China. " System, l i k e those U.S.S.R. a3ready deplo ed, "adds t o our o v e r a l l defense capa.as,, far a s t h e t h r e a t of nuclear attack] i s concerned, . biUty. we do not see any change we a r e examinhg, therefore, all of our defense sys.tems and. ..postures t o see bow we .can best meet them consistent with our other r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s . " (HI, 2/10/69, 228; W S J 2/7/69, 6; Maffre, W Post, 2/7/69, 1; Corddry, BSW -' 2/7/69, 1; E, 2/7/69, 120) .. ... f -, , S t a t e Dept . announced U. S. AEC would join Australia i n exploring economic, technical, and s a f e t y aspects of producing deep-water harbor a t Cape Keraudren i n northwestern Australia using atomic. explosives. (W Post, 2/7/69, ~ 5 ) �U.S.S.R. launched Cosmos C C U N i n t o o r b i t with 457-Ian apogee, 272-km (169-mi) perigee, 91.8-min period, and 71° inclination. (WC 2/15/69) : s, . Aerobee 150 M I launched by NASA from WSMR c a r r i e d Johns Hopkins Univ. payload t o 101.7-mi (163.6-km) a l t i t u d e t o measure vacuum W s p e c t r a l emission l i n e s from Venusian atmosphere, using 14-ln-dia, two-meterfocal-length telescope and lithium f l o r i d e prism with photomultiplier and STRAP 111 a t t i t u d e control system. Experiment worked s a t i s f a c t o r i l y except f o r one second near end. No fine mode acquisition was received and Vernier s t a r - t r a c k e r could not track. No data on Venus were obtained. T e r r e s t r i a l a i r glow data were obtained. (NASA R p t sRL) . Senate confirmed appointment of D r . Lee A, DuBridge a s Director of Office of Science and Technology. (W MR ~111126; (3, S1536-7) - . Secretary of Transportation John A. Volpe said in Washington, D.C., t h a t committee o f academicians, committee within DOT, and cormittee representing other agency executives had begun extensive review- f o r Nixon Adminis t r a t i o n t o determine whether Government should continue subsidizing SST development. (~erber's,. 2/8/69, 1; Reutcrs, W Post, 2/8/69, A2) . Royal Crown Cola Lnternational announced former Astronaut John H. Glenn, Jr., had become i t s president. H e had been chairman since January 1967. (NyT, 2/8/69) - Committee o f a i r t r a f f i c c o n t r o l l e r s said it had evolved program w h i c h would enable FAA t o postpone r e s t r i c t i o n s scheduled t o go i n t o e f f e c t April 27 a t five major airports. Professional A i r T r a f f i c Controllers Organization wauld p e t i t i o n Secretary of Transportation John A. Volpe t o s u b s t i t u t e "revamped procedures which would make operations safer and more e f f i c i e n t ," s a i d F. Lee Bailey, counsel. Restrictions would c u r t a i l services &o New York, ~ h i c a g o ,and Washington, D. C. (NYT, 2/8/69) . In Science, Walter Orr .Roberts, President of University Corp. f o r Atmospheric Research, m o t e : "Manned exploration of t h e moon will provide answers t o age-long speculation about its nature. Perhaps even more important than what we f h d w i l l be t h e fact t h a t we have done it. The event w i l l mark t h e s u c c e s s h l a t t a h e n t of a goal t h a t demanded technological attainments of gnprecederrted complexity �February 7 (continued) and d i f f i c u l t y . Our s i g h t s were s e t upon t h i s goal nearly a decade ago by President Kennedy. I was, I confess, one who feared he had asked the Impossible. " . . Weather forecasting--one example of earth-oriented use of space science--would require space s a t e l l i t e s of new and sophisticated character. "We w i U not solve t h i s problem unless we can somehow i n s p i r e atmospheric s c i e n t i s t s of a l l t h e world to conrmit themselves Global cooperation i s esserrtial t o i t s achievemerrt. t o t h e goal.... Space technology i s perhaps t h e most important s i n g l e component of t h e technology development needed f o r success. What b e t t e r use could be found f o r our incredible t a l e n t s i n space? M t e r t h e moon, t h e earth! " (science, 2/7/69) I n d i r e c t i v e issued a t key Biscayne, Fla., President Nixon February 8: asked Science ~ d v ' i s e r ,D r . Lee A. m i d g e , . t o report on possible cost , reduction in s p e c i f i e d , p o r t i o n s of space program,.to a s s e s s recommendat i o n s t h a t DOD and NASA be d i r e c t e d t o coordinate space s t u d i e s , and t o recommend on e s t a b l i s h i n g Fnteragency committee t o advise on scope and d i r e c t i o n of post -Apollo 'program. (PD 2/17/69, 248-9; Cornell, AP, wstar, 2/9/69, A8; S e m ~ l e ,E, 2 / 9 g 9 , 1; 2 / ~ / 6 9 , 134) e, February 9: DOD's Taccomsat I T a c t i c a l C ~ i c a t i o n S s a t e l l i t e was successlaunched from ETR a t 4:09 pm EST by Titan I n - C booster O r b i t a l parameters : i n t o synchmnous e q u a t o r i a l o r b i t over P a c i f i c apogee, 14,233.1 m i (22,906 ha); perigee, 14,198.3 m i (22,850 km); period, 146.6 min; and i n c l i n a t i o n , 0 . 6 ~ . The $30-million, 1,600-lb c y l i n d r i c a l s a t e l l i t e would t e s t f e a s i b i l i t y of using s a t e l l i t e system t o communicate over g r e a t distances with small miJjtary u n i t s , such a s : a f r c r a f t , ships, and small ground s t a t i o n s . Taccamsat. I w a s powerrul enough for ground forces t o use portable, lightweight receiving arrtehnas as s m a l l as one foot in diameter. It a l s o would test . . new Gyrostat s t a b i l i z a t i o n system. (W Star, 2/9/69, C1; $10/69, A5; AP, W Post, 2/10/69, Al; AP, B Sun, 2 / 1 m ~ 4 ;InteraviaAirLetter, 3/18/69, 7; GSFC SSR, 2/15/69; DOD ~ G a s 64-683 e . ' NASA announced it would f l i g h t t e s t " s u p e r c r i t i c a l wing"--with airfofl shape developed in four-year wind-tunnel studies a t by D r . Richard T. Whitcomb--on USN F-8 . f i g h t e r a t FRC. If wind-tunnel performance was achieved in f l i g h t , wing could improve performance and e f f i c i e n c y P~RC �February 9 (continued) o f future a i r c r a f t , . p a r t i c u l a r l y jet transports. It would allow e f f i c i e n t cruise f l i g h t near speed of sound at 45,000-fi a l t i t u d e a d reduce operat i o n a l cost of subsonic f l i g h t s by increasing operational range o r permitting l e s s h e 1 and more payload on f a s t e r schedules. S u p e r c r i t i c a l wing shape was developed t o delay r i s e of drag force and onset of buffeting a t high speeds. Flattened t o p was designed t o reduce i n t e n s i t y of airflow disturbances, and downward curve a t rear of wing supplied l i f t l o s t by f l a t t e n i n g . Flight program would v a l i d a t e wiog's operational p o t e n t i a l ; validate design techniques and s p e c i f i c d i r e c t i o n f o r f'uther ground-based research leading t o p r a c t i c a l applicat i o n s ; demonstrate, through d i r e c t correlation with flight t e s t r e s u l t s , improvements i n drag r i s e and buffet onset indicated from tunnel t e s t s ; evaluate behavior of w i n g i n a c t u a l f l i g h t involving both high l i f t maneuvering a d off-design performance; and determine s e n s i t i v i t y of s u p e r c r i t i c a l wing t o w - b g contour v a r i a t i o n s associated with manufacturing processes and deformations due t o f l i g h t loads. (NASA Release 69-27; FRC Release 4-69; UPI, W News, 2/7/69, 25; Witkin, NYT, 2/9/69, 1; Butz, g,2 / 6 9 ) - . Boeing Co. t e s t p i l o t 'Jack tJaddell flew 35540~1,$20-million prototype of 49-passenger Boeing 747 j e t transpbrt from Paine Field, near S e a t t l e , Wash., for 1 br 15 min of scheduled e-hr maiden f l i g h t . Waddell returned a i r c r a f t t o field a f t e r encountering "minor malfunction" of wing surface control while lowering wing flaps t o 300 angle. Later he said a j r c r a f l w a s "a p i l o t ' s dream" which could be "flown with two fingers" and indicated f l a p misalignment would not delay f'urther t e s t i n g . The 210-+long 747 used only 4,500 ft of runway t o become airborne at 170 mph. Spectators w e r e impressed with quietness of i t s engines. (W Post, 2/10/69, 1; AP, W S t a r , 2/10/69, A5; AP, B Sun, 2/10/69, Al) . Lunar module was " f i r s t manned spacecraft ever b u i l t t h a t ' s not tough enough t o survive a return t o earth," s a i d Thomas OIToole i n Washington Vehicle from which two astronauts would descend t o moon's surface Post i n sumrner . 1969 was- 23 f't high, weighed 8,000 l b s , and c a r r i e d 12 tons of propellant. It contained 25 m i of e l e c t r i c a l wiring and more than a U o n p a r t s , most of which had been designed "from scratch," held together by 2U,000 ''pins". P i n bent more than five degrees out of shape -muld have t o be replaced. NClSA had contracted f o r 15 LMs a t t o t a l cost of $1.9 b i l l i o n from Gsurrnnan A i r c r a f t Engineering Corp., which had taken six years t o get it from &.awing board t o launch pad. (w Post, 2/9/69, 82) ., �In Brussels, Astronaut Frank Borman and family attended February 9 : dinner given in his honor a t pelace by King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola. Borman showed ApoUo 8 fUn. -(NASA o f f of I n t v l Affairs; AP, B Sun, 2/10/69) . Hungary and Romania had issued souvenir stamps ccamnemorating Apollo 8 g i s s i o n and astronauts , U. S. newspaper p h i l a t e l i c columns announced. Photograph taken from m i n i N of Arabian coast provided d e s i for new stamp in sultanate of Muscat and Oman. ( ~ a r i e s ,W S,t a r 8 / 6 9 > D10; AP, W Post, 2/9/69, ~ 8 ) . Johns Hopkins Univ. associate professor of mechanics, D r . Robert L. Green, had designed and perfected "visualization apparatus f o r X-ray crystallography," device which permitted continuous observations of changes in s t r u c t u r e of atoms i n metal under s t r e s s . Device could l e a d t o discovery of h i t h e r t o unknown properties of metals, nonmetallic c r y s t a l s , and Living molecules; enable scierrtists t o study changes i n i n t e r n a l s t r u c t u r e of metals during deformat ion caused by a i r and water pressure; enable s c i e n t i s t s t o project image of atomic s t r u c t u r e on closed-circuit !I'V screen; and r e s u l t i n development of stronger submarine h u l l s , a i r craf't wings, and spacecraft. ( ~ e u t e r s , 2/9/69, 92) . F M had awarded United Aircraft =, C o q . Fratt & Whitney Div. $665,241 contract f o r two-year study t o develop design for quieter j e t a i r c r a f t mgines. (NYT, 2/9/69, 94) . Astronaut Walter M. Schirra, Jr., and h i s first-grade school teacher, Mrs. Peggy Crowley, would receive 1969 Golden Key Awards f'rom six national school organizations. a t annual convent ion of American Assn. of School Administrators, A t l a n t i c City, N . J . , Feb. 15, Parade reported. Awards had been founded t o dramatize teacher's r o l e i n U. S. l i f e . (Parade, 2/9/69, 4) . In Washington Post, Thomas O'Toole s a i d NASA Aaministration w a s "the l a s t big Federal post President Nixon has left unfiUed. " He asked, "Is it because he can't f i n d t h e man he wants? I s it because no m a n he wants t h e Job? Or i s M r . Nixon playing with t h e p o s s i b u t y of appojnting din^ Administrator Thomas 0.1 Paine t o the post of Administrator?" Washington "space watchers" f e l t job could not be kept vacant much longer, "if only because t h e program t o land American astronauts on t h e moon i s rapidly nearing i t s goal. I' (W P o s t , 2/9/69, �February'g: New York Times'editorial: he Congressional pressure t h a t spurred. t h e Nixon Administrat ion t o h a l t deployment of the Sentinel & t i b a l l i s t i c m i s s i l e system signals a h e a l t h y new disposition on Capitol Hill t o challenge t h e m i l i t m y - i n d u s t r i a l complex, a a i n s t which President Eisenhower warned eight years ago." (NJPP,, 39/69, 1 2 ) February 10: NAS published NRC Div. of Engineering's Usef'ul Applications of Earth-Oriented S a t e l l i t e s , Report of t h e Central Review Committee of NRC Summer Study on Space Applications, prepared f o r NASA. Study concluded t h a t space appLications program was "too small by a f a c t o r of two o r t h r e e . " Benefits from program were expected t o be large, "cer-bainly l a r g e r than t h e c o s t s of a c h i e h g them. I' However, "an extensive, coherent, and s e l e c t i v e program" would be required t o achieve benefits. Committee recommended t h a t NASA give greater emphasis t o earths a t e l l i t e programs w i t h promise of beneficial applications, cormnit a d d i t i o n a l f'mds t o expanded R&D and prototype operations f o r c e r t a i n applications, and commit $200 m i l l i o n t o $300 million yearly t o space applications program a t l e v e l " i n the best i n t e r e s t of t h e United States. " Manned space programs must be j u s t i f i e d i n t h e i r own r i g h t , not i n terms of space applications; nem-term benefits for mankind would be achieved "more e f f e c t i v e l y and economically with automated devices and vehicles." Noting t h a t in meteorology and communications " s a t e l l i t e s have already entered s o l i d l y i n t o t h e area ofpconomic userulness," report recommended t h a t NASA grant high p r i o r i t y t o development of multichannel d i s t r i b u t i o n system f o r public and private net work TV; multi-channel system f o r educational broadcasts i n developing countries and for s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t groups such a s physicians, lawyers, and educators; and North Atlantic s a t e l l i t e navigation system f o r t r a f f i c control of transoceanic a i r c r a f t and ships. In s a t e l l i t e earth-sensing, report s a i d p r a c t i c a l use l a y " i n t h e near future" but was dependent upon R&D i n sensor signatures--'form of information provided by Fnstrument s It recommended immediate p i l o t program f o r providing bformat ion i n familiar and immediately usable form, exploration i n t o use of sidelooking radar, and' start of 10- t o 12-yr development plan f o r more sophisticated sensors. (!Text;NRC Release; Sehlstedt, B Sun, 2/10/6g, A4 . - �February 10: ApoUo 8 mission ( ~ e c .21-27, 1968) was adjudged successful by' NASA. All objectives of manned circumlunar d s s i o n were attained, as well as four d e t a i l e d t e s t objectives not o r i g i n a l l y planned. (NASA Proj o f f ) . MSFC annouaced it would manage two recently awarded $300,000 six-month contracts, one t o Lockheed Missiles & Space Co. and one t o General Dynamics Corp. f o r conceptual. study of low-cost, manned l o g i s t i c s (space s h u t t l e j system. Similar study contracts awasded t o North American Rockwell Corp. and t o McDonneU Douglas Astronautics Co. would be managed by MSC and LaRC. I n t e g r a l Launch and Re-entry Vehicle (ILRv) s t u d i e s would i n v e s t i g a t e aspects o f reusable t r a n s p o r t a t i o n system f o r post-1974 use i n support of proposed space s t a t i o n s . (MSFC Release 69-33) . MSFC announced $3,288,914 modification t o contract with Boehg Co. f o r continued configuration management support on Saturn V launch vehicle program, including processing of vehicle and ground support equipment configuration changes, configuration accounting, and change I n t e g r a t i o n and tracking. (MSFC Release 69-35} . USA3 contract awards: $4,305,295 fixed-price contract t o Computer Sciences Corp. f o r services and supplies t o develop, i n s t a l l , operate, 'test, and maintain hardware t o improve c a p a b i l i t i e s of space t r a c k i n g equipment ; and $1,600,000 i n i t i a l increment t o $4,200,000 f ixed-price contract t o United Technology Center f o r KSC launch and support services. (DODRelease 102-69; W -3 S J 2/=/69, 17) . DOt rTa nannounced over 35 c i v i l and military a i r c r a f t including C-5A s p o r t and Boeing 747 would be displayed a t U. S. exhibit i n Paris A i r Show May 29-June 8. (DOT Release 1569; W I , NYT, 2/16/69, S25 February U: Initial thermal and vacuum t e s t i n g of f l i g h t model of SERT I1 (space E l e c t r i c Rocket ~ e s) t i n preparation f o r f a U 1969 launch had been completed, LeRC announced. SERT 11, second f l i g h t t e s t h development of ion propulsion f o r space use and f i r s t LeRC o r b i t a l spacecraft, would. be launched from WTR by Thorad-Agena booster i n t o 62l-mi (999.4-km) c i r c u l a r o r b i t t o evaluate i n f l i g h t performance �February l l (continued) of electron-bombardment e n g h e s f o r six months o r more. SERT I had carried f i r s t ion t h r u s t e r t o operate in space on suborbital mission July 20, 1964. ( L ~ R CRelease 69-2) . In Bonn during Exmopeantour, Apollo 8 Astronaut Frank b r a a n addressed enthusiastic crowd of 1,500 students and government o f f i c i a l s after film showing on lunar mission in Beethoven H a l l : " I believe t h i s research will teach us t h a t we a r e f i r s t and foremost not Germans o r Russians o r Americans but e a r t h e n . " B o m n met West German Chancellor K u r t Georg Kieshger a t lunch and l a t e r discussed space research with S c i e n t i f i c Affairs Minister Gerhard Stoltenberg. He attended evening reception given by West German Air and Space Research I n s t i t u t e . ( ~ a l b e ,B @, 2/12/69) . U. S. S.R. had ordered 100 space pens developed f o r U. S. astronauts and 1,000 special pressurized ink cartridges which enabled pen t o write in weightlessness.accordhg t o pen's inventor, Paul C. Fisher. When he presented models of pen t o Soviet Cosmonaut Alexey Leonov a t German trade f a i r i n 1968, Leonov said Soviet cosmonauts were writing with grease pencils during space fli h t s and incurring d i f f i c u l t y with t h e i r flaking. (UPI, W Post, ;2713/69, 024) February12: Pentagon,sources estimatedU.S.S.R. was spending equivalent of $60 b i l l i o n in 1969 on national defense and space e f f o r t s , while U. S. w a s spending $05.2 b i l l i o n , of which $29 b i l l i o n was f o r Vietnam w a r . Figures left U. S. S. R. $4 b i l l i o n ahead of U. S. jn spending on weapons and space technology. Between 1965 and 1969, Soviet spending on offensive and def gnsive s t r a t e g i c forces increased by 4$ but amount spent on intercontinental missiles and surface-to-air missile defense systems rose by 7%. ( ~ e l l y ,W Star, 2/12/69, ~ 4 ) . Aerobee 150 sounding rocket launched by NASA from WSMR carried Naval Research Lab. payload t o ll6.0-mi (187.9-lan) a l t i t u d e t o record photographically 18 EUV spectra of s o l a r photosphere, chromosome, and corona, using SPARCS and f l i g h t design v e r i f i c a t b n unit of Rocket high-resolution spectrograph planned for ATM-A and ATM-B. and instruments performed s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . (NPSA Rpt SRL) �Pebruary12: D u ~ n gv i s i t t o West Berlin, Apollo 8 Astronaut Frank Brman drove p a s t U. S S R. ' s w a r memorial near Berlin w a l l and looked across w a l l i n t o East krlin. A t Ternpeaof a i r p o r t Barman t o l d p r e s s , "I was here before [during 1949 BerJin a i r l i f i ] amid many bags of coal. There have been many space advances in t h e l a s t two decades, yet e have so many t r o u b l e s here on earth." (C T r i b , 2/13/69) .. . MSFC announced it had issued $1,182,i25 contract modification t o Chrysler Corp. Space Div. f o r continued systems engineering.and i r t e g r a t i o n on Saturn I3 launch vehicles. (MSSFC Release 69-37) . bSAF F-111A p i l o t e d by Capt . Robert Earl Jobe (UW) and ins-cructor p i l o t Capt. William D. Fuchlow (UW) f a i l e d t o r e t u r n t o N e l l i s AFB, Nev., a f t e r 750-mi t r a i n i n g mission. USAF and C i v i l A i r P a t r o l were searching a r e a between Las V e as, Nev., aad Great Salt Lake. (WI, W S t a r , 2/13/69, 1; AP, W Post, February 13-14: NASA successfully launched one Nike-Tomahawk and s i x Nike-Apache'sounding rockets carrying chemical cloud experiments from NASA Wallops Station,.between 6 : U pm and 6:13 am EST. Rockets e j e c t e d vapor t r a l l s between SO- and 186-mi (81- and 299.3-lun) a l t i t u d e s t o measure wind veloci-t;ies and 'dGec.t;ions. Nike -Tomahawk Launched a t dusk and Nike-Apache launched a t dawn c a r r i e d sodium experiments which created reddish-orange t r a i l s . Other f i v e payloads .consisted of trimethylaluminum - (TMA) experiments which formed pale white clouds. Data were obtained by photographing continuously motions of trails from f i v e ground-based camera s i t e s . Launches were conducted f o r GCA Corp. under GSFC contract. I n conjunction with vapor s e r i e s USA B a l l i s t i c s Laboratory. a t Aberdeen, Md., f i r e d six p r o j e c t i l e s containing cesium experiments t o 330,000-ft a l t i t u d e between 8:07 pm and 6:23 am EST f o r comparative study of winds. Three experiments f a i l e d t o e j e c t chemical; dispersion of cesium from remaining t h r e e p r o j e c t i l e s was recorded by ground-based radar and ionospheric sounding s t a t i o n s . (WS Release 69-5; NASA Release 69-28; NYT, 2/14/69, 41) February13: President N e o n ' s Science Adviser, Dr. Lee A. DuBridge, annourzced a t his first Washington press conference t h a t o v e r a l l plan for next decade of U.S. space program would be d r a r t e d a t P r e s i d e n t ' s request by h i s o f f i c e , NASA, NASC, and DOD f o r submission t o President �Febrmary 1 3 (con-cinued) about Sept 1. Charting "new directions, new goals and new .programs f o r t h e entire United s t a t e s Space progr&" was necessary. "Bringing t o t h e benefit of people t h e marvelous space technologies t h a t have been developed i n t h e l a s t decade and c e r t a i n l y o r b i t i n g s a t U t e s for t h e purpose of l e a n i n g more about the earth must be an w o r t a n t element i n our f u t u r e space program," D r . m i d g e said. ''Whole problem" was balance between t h a t enterprise and planetary and lunar exploration and " t h i s i s t h e problem which our group will seek...to bring i n t o perspective as we p r o J e d ahead and consider t h e budget problems t h a t a l s o l i e ahead. " I n answer t o quest ion on White House appointments, Dr. Dugridge s a i d , "We have n o t yet located t h e r i g h t man" f o r e i t h e r Administrator of NASA o r Executive o f f i c e r f o r Space Council. ransc script ; White House Memo; Schmeck, NYT, 2/14/69; W Post, 2/14/69, A3; Randal, W S t a r , 2/14/69, ~ 1 5 ; 8 & , 2 / 1 4 / 6 m Nelson, Science, 2/21/69, . 7 9 T . Winners of 1969 annual Arthur S. Fl-g Awards for 10 outstanding young men in Federal Government were announced and awards were presented i n Mayflower Hotel ceremony in Washington, D. C. ITinners included James J. Kramer, Chief of LeRC Propulsions Systems Acoustics Branch, who kept s o l i d rocket program "on schedule and within budgeted c o s t s , " and D r . Norman F. Ness, head of E x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l Physics Branch, GSFC, who made "significant contributions " t o understanding space through Explorer s a t e l l i t e program. D r . Richard E. Hallgren, Director of Commerce Dept.'s wrld weather sxsterns was named f o r "imaginative leadership" i n recognizing and i n t e g r a t in requirements of oceanographers and meteorologists. I' (W S t a r , 2713/69, B6; LeRC Release 69-3; 3/29/69, 6 ) AFJ, . Washhgton Post reported Washington Airlines President Robert Richardson had s a i d f i r s t scheduled STOL air s h u t t l e Fn U.S. had l o s t more than $100,000, cut back operations 4b$, and operated at l e s s than half break-even load f a c t o r during f i r s t four months of service. He a t t r i b u t e d ' most d i f f i c u l t i e s t o start-up problems, including minor equipment shortcomings which had been corrected. A i r l i n e was lowering f a r e s and could, s a i d Richardson, break even in 12-18 mos. ( ~ o ~ r o w s k i w Post, 2/13/69, ~ 9 ) �February 13: A t GSFC, s a t e l l i t e mapping authority D r . John A . . 0 'Keefe was preparing f h s t precise maps of Tibet using photographs taken from 100-mi a l t i t u d e by U.S. astronauts and data obtained between 1890s and 1935 by Swedish explorer Sven Hedin during o w extensive survey of area by outsider. Expeditiorils survey sightings on mountain peaks were being applied t o numerous photographs from space. Revised maps would be published i n Sweden. (Sullivan, hJ5, 2/13/69, 14) . Intelligence briefings t o high DOD o f f i c i a l s had indicated U.S.S.R. missile defense was three-quarters complete and had been slowed in recent months t o improve i t s radar system, s a i d W i U i a m Beecher I n New York Times. Briefings e l s o made i-t; c l e a r t h a t antimissile system around Ltloscow, even when finished, would not a l t e r balance of power between U.S. S. R. and U. S. or undermine U. S. r e t a l i a t o r y power. 2/13/69, 1 ) (m, February 14: ComSatCorp announced broadcasters had booked 40 brs of s a t e l l i t e t i n e f o r TV coverage of President Nixon's b o p e a n t r i p Feb. 23-March 3. More than 1'7 hrs had been requested from abroad t o d a t e f o r coverage of Apollo 9 Feb. 28-March 3. ( ~ o m ~ a t ~ o r p Release 69-8; W Star, 2/16/69, ~ 6 ) . In Science Hudson Hoagland, President Emeritus of Worcester Foundat ion f o r Experimental Biology, commented on Condon Report on UFOs released Jan. 9, 1968: "The basic d i f f i c u l t y inherent i n any investigation of phenomena such as those of psychic research o r of UFO's i s that it i s impossible f o r science ever t o prove a universal negative. There w i l l be cases which remain unexplained because of lack of data, lack of r e p e a t a b i l i t y , f a s e reporting, wishful thinking, deluded observers, rumors, Lies, and fraud. A residue of unexplained cases i s not a j u s t i f i c a t i o n for continuing an investigat i o n after overwhelming evidence has disposed of hypotheses of supernomnality, such as beings from outer space o r communications *om the dead.... Science deals with p r o b a b i l i t i e s , and t h e Condon investigation adds massive ad&% i o n a l weight t o t h e already over whelming improbability of v i s i t s b y UFO ' s guided by i n t e l l i g e n t beings. " (science, 2/14/69, 625) �February 14 : In Science, Leonard Mandelbaum examined h i s t o r y of U. S. decision t o adopt Apollo program. "Cautious approach" t o manned space f l i g h t gave way a f t e r impact of April 12, 1961, "Russian spectacular"--flight of Cosmonaut Yuri A. Gagarin--and U.S. Cuban foreign p o l i c y fiasco, Bay of Pigs. "Congress acted without hearing t e s t b o n y of compelling m i l i t a r y need. The Apollo decision was made without reference t o any comprehensive and integrated national policy designed t o maximize t h e use of s c i e n t i f i c and technological resources f o r s o c i a l objectives It was a t y p i c a l Cold War reaction." WeU-integrated policy, Mandelbaum s a i d , "would recognize t h a t s c i e n t i f i c and engineering manpower, including systems analysis capability,. a r e required f o r basic s o c i a l objectives before surplus resources may be allocated t o prestigious o r otherwise marginal projects. The l a t t e r would be e n t i t l e d t o more serious considerat i o n i f t h e cost were minhized by international cooperation,,minimal duplication, and adequate research experience p r i o r t o heavy development outlays. Such a p o l i c y i s impossible within t h e f r w e n t e d framework of f e d e r a l R&D decision-making which has not s u b s t a n t i a l l y changed since 1961. " (science, 2/14/69, 649; g,3/25/69, ~ 2 3 3 0 - 3 ) :... February 15: Project Tektite, multiagency-industry program t o determine c a p a b i l i t y o f men t o perform s a t i s f a c t o r i l y s c i e n t i f i c research mission whUe l i v i n g i s o l a t e d on ocean f l o o r under saturated diving conditions f o r long period, began a t S t . J o h , Virgin Islands. Four U.S. acquanauts, Richard A. Waller, H. Edward Clifton, John G. Van D e m l k e r , and Conrad V. W. Mahnlren jumped i n t o sea at Beehive Cove and swam t o "habitat, " undeswat e r capsule moored 42 ft below sea l e v e l f o r 60-day experiments: Basic h a b i t a t systems were two connected v e r t i c a l cylinders containing wet work area, crew quarters, and engine room connected by bridge which served as laboratory f o r s c i e n t i s t s and control center. Tektite program was j o i n t l y sponsored by USN, NASA, and Dept. of t h e I n t e r i o r , with p a r t i c i p a t i o n by U.S. Coast Guard. Prime contractor, General E l e c t r i c Co., furnished underseas h a b i t a t and a s s i s t e d with planning and' scient if'ic mission coordination. Four I n t e r i o r Dept s c i e n t i s t -acquanaut s would swim from h a b i t a t each day t o measure plankbon a c t i v i t y , t a g spiny l o b s t e r s with miniature sonar beacons t o obsewe migration habits, and study sediment and rock formation. NASA and USN behavioral and biomedical teams would observe acquanauts continuously t o i d e n t i f y psychological and phsyiol o g i c a l r e a c t ions t o long-term mission perf omed in h o s t i l e and i s o l a t e d envbonment common t o undersea and space missions. (NASA OMSF PAO; Laman, W Star, 2/16/69, A3; 2/17/69, A6; Lyons, 2/17/69, 18) . m, �Pope Paul V I received Apollo 8 Astronaut Frank Boman and February 15: family f o r 17-min audience i n Papal l i b r a r y . Pope said i n English, "Man's reaching out t o unravel t h e mysteries of t h e universe reveals more and more t h e wonders of God's work and shows f o r t h His glory." Pope Paul sent personal greetings t o Astronaut James W. M c D i v i t t who had audience i n 1967. (UPI,W Star, 2/16/69, C5) February16: USH1s Sealab I11 project, in which five acquanaut teams were t o spend 1 2 days each i n 60-day t e s t of man's a b i l i t y t o work under water f o r long periods, s t a r t e d e a r l y when four of f i r s t team of nine men were dispatched t o r e p a i r helium leak in 57x12-rt "habitat, " 600 ft beneath Pacific Ocean off San Clernente Island, Calif. Remaining f i v e acquanauts were scheduled t o descend i n pressurized personnel-transfer capsules 1 2 hrs l a t e r t o join coUeagues i n performing experiments in marine biology, geology, acoustics, and ecology. If project succeeded, USN would produce prototype system for supporting divers i n protracted salvage and rescue operations a t depths t o 1,000 ft--lower limit of continental shelf. (B -9Sun 2/17/69, ~ 7 ) February 17: Tenth anniversary of Vanguard 71, fifth U.S.-IGY s a t e l l i t e , launched by NASA t o produce cloud-cover images ustwo photocells. Wobbling kad prevented i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of data. ~ a t e l l i twas e ~ s t ill i n o r b i t . (A&A 1915-60; E, 2/17/69, 162) . USN suspended Sealab 111 project when. veteran Acquanaut Berry L Cannon was stricken while he and Acquanaut Robert A. Barth, Jr., were attempting t o open h a b i t a t ' s hatch a f t e r Cannon's second dive t o check gas leaks. He was pronounced dead of "cardiac a r r e s t " i n decompression chamber of mother ship U.S.S. E l k River and body was flown t o San Diego for autopsy. USN said cause of death would have t o be determined before Sealab project could be resumed. F i r s t findings of autopsy revealed Cannon did not d i e of he& attack. USN on Feb. 18 o f f i c i a l l y called off $10-millionproject. Stevens, NYT, 2/14/69, 41; 2/18/69, 1; 2120169, 93; AF, B Sun, 2/17 69, A7; 0%01e, W Post, 2/18/69, A l ; 2/19/69, A3; 2/20/69, A3; AP, Star, 2/18/69, Al- �February 17: President Nixon submitted t o Senate nomination of former N4SA Associate Administrator f o r Advanced Research and Technology James M. Beggs a s Under Secretary of Transportation. (m), 2/24/69, 293) 4 - . In Madrid during European goodwjll tour, Apollo 8 Astronaut,Frank Borman placed wreath a t s t a t u e of Columbus and met Cristobal Colon de Carvajal y Mmoto, 17th duke of Veragua and hereditary "admiral of t h e ocean sea, " t i t l e created in 1537 f o r explorer's son, Diego Columbus. (AP, C Trib, 2/18/69) said ground t e s t of F - U had revealed l a r g e crack in t e s t version . USAF of one of a i r c r a f t ' s most c r i t i c a l parts, b e l l y section t o which movable wings were attached. No F - U s would be grounded, aS t e s t d i d not indicate safety hazard t o afrcraf't h service. Crack was not r e l a t e d t o one which was detected Aug. 25, 1w8. USAF said there was no estimate of time it would take t o determine e f f e c t of crack on F-Il1A program. (witkin, W , 2/19/69, 41; UPI, W Post, 2/18/69, ~ 4 AP, ; W S t a r , 2/18/69, A6 1 February 18: Secretary of S t a t e W i l l i a m P. Rogers t o l d Senate Foreign Relations Committee he "hoped1' U. S. -U.S. S . R. missile ta.lks would be underway before it became necessary f o r U. S . t o start deployment of proposed Sentinel ABM system. H e said under nuclear nonproliferation t r e a t y U.S. would have obligation t o enter i n t c s t r a t e g i c arms talks with U.S.S.R. and expressed hope such talks could b e g b within six months. ( ~ i n n e y , 2/19/69, 1; Unna, W Post, 2/19/69, ~ 1 4 ) w, . Rep. Charles H. Wilson, (D-calif.) introduced H.R. 7030, b i l l t o encourage worldwide i n t e r e s t i n U.S. developments and accomplishments in m i l i t a r y and r e l a t e d aviation and equipment by authorizing Federal sponsorship of International Aeronautical Exposition 3 n U.S., t o be held not later than 1 9 0 . (T&) . Ln Washington Post review of CONTACT! The Story o f t h e Early Birds by Henry Serrano V i U a r 4 , John Osgood s a i d , " D e s ~ i t et h e technical comple&t i e s of t h e r e c e i t translunar injection,-the mystique of f l i g h t remains u n w i s h e d 65 years af'ter Orville Wright managed his-mere 120 f e e t of powered flight. Wstique o r no, it is s t i l l d i f f i c u l t t o comprehend what drove t h e e u l y aeronauts t o attempt f e a t s which most often won them t h e contempt and r i d i c u l e of t h e i r countrymen. (W Post, 2/18/69, ~ 4 ) �, Rep. Louis Frey, Jr. (R- la. ) introduced H.R. 465 "providing February 19: f o r t h e establishment of t h e Astronauts Memorial Commission t o construct and e r e c t with m d s a memorial in t h e John F. Kennedy Space Center, F l o r i d a , o r t h e immediate v i c i n i t y , t o honor and commemorate t h e men who ~111129; serve a s a s t r o n a u t s in t h e U. S. space program. " (NASA CR, 2/19/69, IU087) - s, . House passed and returned t o Senate, S. 1'7, bill t o amend Communications S a t e l l i t e Act of 1962 t o provide f o r apportionment of CcrmSatCorp d i r e c t o r s according t o percentages of stock held by public and communications corporations. (CR, 2/19/69, ~1037-4.0;W News, 2/20/69, 45) February 20: 'NASA announced appointment o f D r . Hans M. Mark, Chairman of Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, Univ. o f C a l i f o r n i a a t Berkely, as D i r e c t o r of Ames Research Center. He would succeed H. J u i a n m e n , who had announced r e t i r e m e n t Oct. 25, 1968, but had remained as Acting DFrector. D r . Mark, expert in nuclear and atomic physics, was a l s o Reactor Admini s t r a t o r of Univ. ' s Berkeley Research Reactor, research p h y s i c i s t a t Univ. ' s Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, and consultant t o USA,and NSF. Clarence A. Syvertson, Dir-ector of Astronautics a-t; ARC, was appointed t o newly c r e a t e d p o s i t i o n of ABC Deputy Director. Both appointments were e f f e c t i v e Feb. 28. Because of p i o r commitments, D r . Mark would spend one-fifth of h i s time at ARC u n t i l July 1969. (NASARelease 69-32; ARC Astropam, 2/24/69, 1) . I n move t o counter Senate pressure against ABM deployment, Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird t o l d Senate Foreign Relations Committee U.S. should go forward with S e n t i n e l system i f DOD review found it " p r a c t i c a l " and " e f f e c t i v e , " s i n c e U.S.S.R. was working on " s o p h i s t i c a t e d new ARM system. " Curtailment i n Soviet missile construction durlng past few months, L a i r d said, was due t o %D t e s t i n g on more s o p h i s t i c a t e d system. U.S.S.R. h d been outspending U.S. t h r e e t o one i n missiZe defense and " s u b s t a n t i a l " network around Moscow was halftray complete , (sterne, B Sun, 2/21/69, Al; Unna, W Post, 2/21/69, Al; P h e y , NYT, - 2/2l/69, 1) . . Apollo 8 Astronaut Frank Boman and family ended o f f i c i a l goodwill tour of West ern Europe with l e c t u r e and luncheon in Lisbon. During f i n a l European news conference previous day, he had p r e d i c t e d U.S. would put man on moon i n summer 1969 "if everything goes well. " (UPI, W S t a r , 2/20/69, Ae) �February 20: A t annual dinner of Washington Academy of Sciences, GSFC engineer Charles R. Guna received Academy's award f o r "noteworth discovery, accomplishment, or publi&tiont' i n engineering f i e l d for h i s work a s technical d i r e c t o r of Thor-Delta launch vehicle. (GSFC Delta Proj Mgr; AP, W 9-Star 2/21/69, ~10) . First I n t e r n a t i o n a l Aviation Service ,Award, financed by contributions f'rom FAA employees and established in June 1968 by r e t i r i n g FM executive Alfred Hand, w a s presented i n Washington t o Theodore C. Uebel: I n t e r n a t i o n a l Liaison Officer f o r FAA, f o r "out standing accomplishments i n furthering t h e i n t e r e s t s of t h e United S t a t e s i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l aviation. " (l?URelease 69-17) . Ehgene Luther Vidal,who as Director of Air Commerce of Dept. of Comer (1933-1937) promoted growth of U. S. c i v i l aviation, died a t age 73 i n Palos Verdes, Calif. He had furthered construction of a i r p o r t s and beacons, encouraged private flying and manufacture of small a i r c r a f t , advanced cormnercid aviation, and reorganized Government control of commercial f l i g h t s . Af'ter leaving Commerce Dept. he had established research laboratory near Csmden, N.J., where he developed rocesp f o r m a k i n g airframe parts from molded plywood. (E, 2/2l769, 4 j ) February zL: ApoUo 8 Astronaut Frank Borman and family returned *om European goodwill tour made on behalf of Fresident Nixon. A t Andrews AFB, Md., Borman t o l d press on arrival t h a t Europeans found it hard t o believe .U S "could spend a l l that money on i t s space program and still make public eveq4h.j-ng we learned. " He said reception had been wniformly friendly, "but they would h e s i t a t e t o ask us questions, because t h e y a s s h e d information about t h e Apollo 8 f l i g h t must be c l a s s i f i e d . " Borman and family reported a t Capitol t o Vice President Spiro T. Agnew, Chairman of NASC. Borman t o l d press conference he had found ."extreme i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of people in all w a l k s of life i n h o p e w i t h our f l i g h t . They were very w e l l ' i n f o m e d about it and looked on us as representatives 'of Earth. I hope t h a t feeling of comradeship can continue." (AP, W Post, 2/22/69, ~ 2 ) .. ' ... . ComSatCorp reported $6.841 million 1968 net income (68 cents per share) , Improvement had r e s u l t e d primarily-from net operating income of $988,000, which contrasted with 1967 net operating l o s s of $642,000. ( ~ o m ~ a t ~ Release orp 69-10; AP, B 2, 2/22/69, ~ 9 ) up from 1967 net income of $4.638 million (46 cents per share). �February 21: President Nixon approved policy f o r Expanded Use of Federal Re searcb F a c i l i t i e s by University Investigators which directed Federal agencies t o make equipment Js Federal l a b o r a t o r i e s more r e a d i l y available t o q u a l i f i e d university s c i e n t i s t s . (PI), 3/3/69, 304) FAA announced award of $35,426,283 contract t o UNIVAC Federal Systems Div.' of Sperry Rand Corp. f o r automated radar tracking systems (ARTS 111) t o be i n s t a l l e d at more than 60 major U.S. airports. (FAA Release 69-22) February 24-28 : NASA 's Mariner VI (Mariner F) spacecraft was successfully launched *om ETR by Atlas-Centaur (SLV-3~)booster on five-month, 226million-mi, direct-ascent t r a j e c t o r y toward Mars--NASA's f i r s t of two attempts t o conduct Mars'flyby during 1969 launch window. Launch vehicle performance and spacecraft i n j e c t i o n were nominal. Spacecraft separated from Centaur, deployed its four s o l a r panels, locked i t s sensors on sun and s t a r ~ a n o p u s ,and entered cruise mode, where it remained with a l l subsystems performing s a t i s f a c t o r i l y while t r a j e c t o r y was refined. Midcourse maneuver was successrully conducted Feb. 28 t o ensure t h a t spacecraf't would fly within 2,200 m i (3,540.5 km) of Mars July 31. Primary mission obJective was t o conduct equatorial flyby mission f o r exploratory investigations of Mars which would s e t basis f o r f u t u r e experiments , part i c u l a z l y those relevant t o search f o r e x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l life A s secondary objective spacecrart would develop technology needed f o r succeeding Mars missions. The 900-lb spacecraft carried six complementary experiments t o provide information about Martian surface and atmosphere. Mission offered first opportunity t o make s c i e n t i f i c measurements on night side of Mars. Two onboard TV cameras w o u l d take p i c t u r e s of Mars d i s c during approach with 15-mi optimum resolwbion and of surface during flyby-with 900-ft optimum resolution. Infrared spectrometer and W spectrameter would probe Mars atmosphere, and occultation experiment would obtain data on atmospheric pressures and d e n s i t i e s . Infrared radiomet& would measure surface temperatures on both l i g h t and dark sides of Mars, and c e l e s t i a l mechanics experiment would u t i l i z e tracking information t o r e f i n e astronomical data. Sharp h c r e a s e in data returns would be achieved over 1964, Mariner missions. Mariner VI TV p i c t u r e s would contain 3.9-million b i t s of i n f o a i o n ; Mariner IV contained 240,000 b i t s in 1965. Mariner V I would transmit . �February 24-28 (continued) d a t a a t r a t e of 270 bps; Mariner IV t r a n s + t t e d 8 1 / 3 bps. Mariner V I was follow-on t o 1964 ~ a r i n e x / ~ a rmissions s and precursor t o 141 o r b i t a l and 1973 landing missions. F i r s t Mars probe, Mariner I11 (launched Nov. 4, 1964), had f a i l e d t o achieve d e s i r e d o r b i t when shroud remained attached t o spacecraft. Mariner IIV (launched Nov. 28, 1964) had transmitted f i r s t close-up photos of Mars i n July 1965. Mariner VII ( ~ a r i n e rG) would be launched March 24. Mariner program was d i r e c t e d by OSSA Lunar and Planetary Programs Div. Project management and r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r spacecraft, mission operations, and tracking and d a t a a c q u i s i t i o n were assigned t o JPL. Atlas-Centaur launch v e h i c l e was managed 'by LeRC. (NASA Proj Off; NASA Release 69-26; W Post, 2/25/69, A7; 2/26/69; Miles, LA Times, 2/25/69; Lannan, W S t a r 2/25/69, A3; g, 2/26/69) -, February 24- arch 3 : F i r s t documented pulsar a c c e l e r a t i o n was discovered in Pulsar PSR 0833-45 i n Vela consteLlation i n southern sQ by JPL radioastronomers Paul Reichley and D r . George S. Downs u s i n g 85-f't dish antenna a t Coldstone, C a l i f . While p u l s a r s normally showed moderate but steady slowing i n ' pulse r a t e Vela ' s r a t e accelerated, then slowed a t s l i g h t l y f a s t e r r a t e than before; during week's observation. Findings i n NASA-sponsored research were confirmed by Parkes Observatory astronomers i n A u s t r a l i a . (JPL Release BB-513, 4/16/69) , February 24: A t S t a t e Dept. meeting of more than 60 DWFJLSAT member nations, U. S. delegat ion chairma? Leonard H. Marks said, "I can t h i n k of no more import;ant s t e p we can take towards reducing world t e n s i o n s than t h a t of broadening communications l i n k s between power nations representing d i f f e r e n t p o l i t i c a l systemsw--as U. S. S. R. and 13 o t h e r observer n a t i o n s l i s t e n e d . I n w r i t t e n memorandum, France had questioned whether strong c e n t r a l i z e d system desired by U. S. could o r should be e s t a b l i s h e d and urged t h a t any new agreement l e a v e p a r t i c i p a t i n g 'countries f r e e t o j o i n o t h e r s a t e U t e systems. (Samuelson, W Post, 2/25/69, ~ 5 ) . Federal Council f o r Science a d Technology t r a n s m i t t e d t o NASA Expanded Use of Federal Research ~ a c ~ i t i by e s University I n v e s t i g a t o r s approved by President N b o n Feb. 2 l . (NASA O f f of Policy Memo, 3/14/69) �February 24: Vice President Spiro T. Agnew t o l d American Management Assn. briefing on oceanography h Washington, D.C., t h a t Nixon Administration was not yet ready t o endorse concept of "a wet NASA1'--marhe-oriented Government agency. As Chairman of National Council on Marine Resources and Engineering Development he was studying opinions of advocates of such an agency, a s well a s Il] report by Comission on W i n e Science, Engineering and Resources. (Smith, 2/25/69, 53) an. m, 8 Cosmos CCUlVI was launched by U.S.S.R. i n t o o r b i t with i apogee, 202-ka (125.5 - m i ) perigee, 89.8-min period, and 72 inclination. S a t e l l i t e reentered March 5. (GSFC -' SSR 2/28/69; 3/15/69; AP, W Post, 2/26/69) .m . NASA s OSO V (launched Jan. 22) had successfully completed more than 496 earth o r b i t s and had s a t i s f a c t o r i l y operated all spacecrafi systems, including r a s t e r scan and both tape records. Torque c o i l m&-hnize spacecraft p i t c h motions and reduce gas consmption. Primary objectives had been achieved and OSO V had acquired s c i e n t i f i c data from eight onboard experiments. ( ~ P r o off) j had been turned on Jan. 25 t o help . NASA announced selection of 38 s c i e n t i s t s organized i n t o eight teams t o a s s i s t i n design and development of Martian sof't lander f o r 19(3 Viking missions. Teams would p a r t i c i p a t e in early instrument development, d e s i m i n g of sof't lander, and p l d n g of missions. Final s e l e c t ion of investigations and part'icipat ing s c i e n t i s t s f o r both landers and o r b i t e r s making up 143 Viking missions would be made December 1969, when i n i t i a l r e s u l t s of Mariner flybys o f Mars i n summer 1969 would be available. Planetary Programs Directorate would have management r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r Viking Mars 1913 mission; M C had been assigned o v e r a l l project management and d i r e c t responsib i l i t y f o r managing planetary lander portion; JPZ had management r e s p o n s i b j l i t v for oxbit ex spacecraft. (NASA Release 69-31) . County Coroner R. L. Creason i n San Diego, C a l i f . , gave o f f i c i a l cause of Feb. 17 death o f Acquanaut Berry M. Cannon a s "acute hmorrhagic pulmonary edema and congestion due t o acute cardior e s p i r a t o r y - f a i l u r e due. t o ,'carbon dioxide poisoning. " E a r l i e r UST spokesman had acknowledged t h a t one of r i g s used by Cannon �February 25 (continued) a n d colleagues on f a t a l dive contained canister empty of chemical used t o absorb carbon dioxide *om acquanautsl a i r supply and a l s o t h a t C w o n "was not i n contact. " USN opened formal inquiry i n t o death Feb. 26. (AP, W S t a r , 2/20/69, A 3 ; 2/21/69, A15; 2/25/69, AT; UPI, NYT, - 2/25/69, 28; UPI, W Post, 2/25/69, ~ 7 ) . USAF and Lockheed Georgia Co. j o i n t l y announced six-month delay in C-5A product ion schedule a t t r i b u t e d t o labor s t r i k e s and material shortages caused by Vietnam War. F i r s t a i r c r a f i would be delivered t o U W i n December r a t h e r than June. Announcement followed successful test f l i g h t during w h i c h 250-ton a i r c r a f t reached complete stop on 1,500 ft of runway--$ distance required by converrtional 85-ton , 2/26/69; AP, W Post, 2/27/69, Al8) a i r l i n e r s . ( ~ i n d s e ~NYT, . FAA arnounced it had amended its Dec. 3 r u l e intended t o ease congestion a t f i v e of Nationt s busiest a i r p o r t s . Amendments provided f o r e x t r a sections of scheduled air c a r r i e r f l i g h t s without regard t o established quotas a t all a i r p o r t s except John F. Kennedy, increase i n f l i g h t quotas a t Kennedy between 5:00 pm and 8 : 0 0 pm t o accommodate scheduled air taxis and other general aviation aircraft;, and e f f e c t i v e date of June 1 instead of A p r i l 27 and tezhination date of Dec. 31. (FAA Release 69-23) . Senate Foreign Relations . C a n m i t t ee recommended U. S r a t i f i c a t i o n of nuclear nonproliferation t r e a t y and said it would send t r e a t y t o Senate f l o o r f o r action by March 6 . (W Post, 2/26/69, ~ 5 ) February 26 : N A d successfully launched ESSA IX (TOS-G) ninth meteorol o g i c a l s a t e u i t e i n ESSA s T i m s Operational Sat e U i t e (TOS) system *om ETR by two-stage Long-Tank Thrust-Augmented Thor ( ~ ~ ~ ) - ~ e booster. PrFmary NASA mission objective was t o place and operate spacecraf't iLn sun-synchronous o r b i t with l o c a l equator crossing time between 2:15 pm and 2:35 pm so t h a t daily advanced videcon camera system (AVCS) p i c t u r e s of e n t i r e globe could be obtained r e g u l a r l y and dependably. S a t e U t e achieved nearly polar, sunsynchronous, c i r c u l a r o r b i t w i t h 935.2-mi (1,505 -h) apo ee , 888.6 -mi (1,430-lcm) perigee, U5.2-min period, and 101.88 inclination. An advanced version of cartwheel configuration, 3.20-lb cylind r i c a l ESSA IX c a r r i e d f l a t p l a t e radiometer t o measure atmosphere's �February 26 (continued) heat balance and two AVCS cameras f o r d a i l y global weather coverage. Photos would be stored on board s a t e l l i t e onPmagnetic t a p e u n t i l readout by ESSAts Command and Data Acquisition (CDA) s t a t i o n s a t Fakbanks, Alaska, and Wallops Island, Va. S a t e l l i t e was backup t o ensure full coverage a f t e r f a i l u r e of one AVCS camera onboard ESSA V I I (launched Aug. 16, 1968) and would be primary stored-data s a t e l l i t e in TOS system. Spacecraft underwent o r i e n t a t i o n maneuver t o place it in wheel mode and spin r a t e was adjusted. Only agomaly w a s TO rpm spin r a t e ( r a t h e r than expected 10 rpm) a f t e r spacecraft spin-down. ESSA financed and managed TOS system and would operate spacecraft af'ter NASA completed checkout l a t e r i n month. GSFC was responsible f o r procurement, launch, and initial checkout of spacecraft in o r b i t . (NASA Proj Off; ESSA Release ES-69-9; W S t a r , 2/26/69; SBD, 2/27/69, 212; UPI, W Post, 2/27/69) - . U.parameters: S. S. R. launched Cosmos C C U N I I f'rom Baikonur Cosmodrome. apogee, Orbital 331 l a (205.7 m i ) perigee, 202 h (126.5 m i ) ; period, 89.8 min; and inclination, 65'. S a t e l l i t e reentered March 6. (GSC e,2/28/69; 3/15/69; F,2/27/69, 212; C Trib, 2 / 3 / 6 9 ) . L generating e R C announced it had completed assembly of Brayton Cycle space power system, which appeared promising as source of e l e c t r i c a l power f o r s p a c e . f l i g h t s up t o f i v e years long. Self-supporting, closed-loop system operated when mixture of helium and xenon was heated t o 1 , 6 0 0 ' ~ and c i r c u l a t e d t o drive turbine. Turbine operated alternator providing e l e c t r i c power and compressor which helped c i r c u l a t e gas through system. Cycle would undergo t e s t s i n simulated space environment i n summer. ( L ~ R CRelease 68-9) . Secretary of Transportation John A. Volpe announced President Nixon had nominated John K. Shaffer, Vice President of TRW, k c . , as Federal Aviation Administrator. Shaffer would replace ActFng FAA Admtnistrator, David D. Thomas, who would remain a s Deputy Administrator. (DOT Release 2469; W I , NYT, 2/27/69, 73; Kllpatrick, W Post, 2/27/69, AB) - �MSFC announced it had extended contract with Mason-Rust f o r February 26: continued support services at Michoud Assembly Facility f o r s i x months. (MSFCRelease 69-46) Contract modification amounted t o $3,786,203. February 27 : White House announced President Nixon had e s t a b l i s h e d i n t e r departmental ad hoc cormittee t o review SST program's technology, comercial p o t e n t i a l , schedule and c o s t s , and environmental. s i d e - e f f e c t s , p a r t i c u l a r l y sonic boom phenomenon. Under Secretary o f Transportat ion J m e s M. Beggs was designated chairman of 11-member committee, which a l s o included Science Adviser, D r . Lee A. DuBridge; Secretary of t h e A i r Force, D r . Robert C. Seamans, Jr. ; and .NASA Deputy Associate Administrator Charles W. Itarper. (E, 3 / 3 / 6 9 , 323-30; AJ?, W Post, 2/28/69, A5; W Star, 2/28/69, A3; Miller, B -Sun 9 2/28/69, - , Commemorative stamp t o be issued May 5 i n honor of Dec. 21-27, 1968 Apollo 8 mission would include phrase "In t h e beginning Cod. " on ?hoto of earth as seen Prom moon, taken by Apollo 8 crew. Post- .. master General Winton M. Blount said phrase, read from Genesis by Astronaut William A. Anders during lunar o r b i t Christmas Ebe 1968, would be included in response t o many requests. Stanrp would be first U.S. stamp with r e l i g i o u s wording. since 1961. (UPI, W Post, 2/28/69) , FRC announced award t o Serv-Air Inc. of one-year,cost-plus-award-fee contract f o r administrative t e c h n i c a l support services. Contract, e s t h a t e d at $750,000 per year, included provision f o r two one-year extensions. (FRC Release 7 -69) NASA and B r i t i s h Science Research Council (SRC) had agreed Pebruarv 28: t o conduct cooperative p r o j e c t t o launch f o u r t h h i e l s a t e l l i t e , NASA announced. A r i e l IV would be launched by Scout booster fsom WTR i n l a t e lgl o r e a r l y 1972 carrying one U.S. md four U.K. experiments t o explore i n t e r a c t i o n s among plasma-charged p a r t i c l e streams and e l e c t r o magnetic waves i n upper atmosphere. SRC would be responsible f o r spacecraft design, f a b r i c a t ion, and t e s t i n g ; NASA would provide Scout launch vehicle. Both agencies would p a r t i c i p a t e i n t r a c k i n g , d a t a a c q u i s i t i o n , and d a t a reduct ion. (NASA Release 69-35) Tenth anniversary of DOD's 1,450-lb Discoverer I satellite successfWly launched into p o l a r orbit by Thor-Agena booster. Tracking a c q u i s i t i o n was hampered by s t a b i l i z a t i o n d i f f i c u l t i e s �February 28 ( continued) and s a t e l l i t e reentered i n e a r l y March 1959. Agena- launch vehicle- -most widely used booster i n U. S. --had completed more than 250 successf'ul f l i g h t s i n DOD and PWA operat i o n s since i t s f k s t mission Feb. 28, 1958, and had carried firsb spacecraft t o achieve c i r c u l a r o r b i t , f i r s t t o be controlled i n o r b i t by ground command, and f i r s t propelled f'rom one o r b i t t o another. It had been continually updated and used a s v e r s a t i l e , multipurpose vehicle. (A&A 1915-60; Space Propulsion, 2/28/69, 199; S 3 2/17/69, 162) . LaRC issued RFPs for design and f i n a n c i a l proposals f o r planetary . lander and project i n t e g r a t i o n portions of XASA ' s .Viking project Viking spacecraft--consisting of lander and orbiter--were t o be procured f o r t w o planned flights t o Mars t o seakch f o r s c i e n t i f i c d a t a i n 1973. (NASA Release 69-36; SBD, 2/25/69, 196) - . NASA announced it would negotiate with North American RockweU Corp. f o r modifications t o four Apollo spacecraft f o r ApoUo Applications program. Com3ined value of spacecraft and modifications was estimated a t $340 million. (NASA -Release 69-84) . I byn Science, Bryce Nelson reviewed Science Policy i n the USSR, sponsored Directorate f o r S c i e n t i f i c Affairs of Organization f o r Economic Co-operation and Development (oE(=D). It indicated, he said, t h a t Soviet s c i e n t i s t s and p o l i t i c a l leaders "need t o spend considerable time thinking about how t o correct imbalances i n t h e i r R&D system. Section on science and industry, by R. Amman, M. 5 . B e r r y , and R. W. Davies of Univ. of Birmingham, concluded U. S. S. R. had succeeded outstandingly i n aviation rocketry, space exploration, atomic energy, machine t o o l s , and i r o n and s t e e l technology but i t s R&D system seemed sluggish. Main bottleneck was r e l a t i v e u n a v a i l a b i l i t y of t e s t i n g f a c i l i t i e s f o r manufacturing a d proving prototypes. C e n t r a l planning system i n U. S. S. 8. reinforced separation between R&D e s t a b l i s h ments and industry and contributed t o reluctance of f a c t o r i e s t o innovate. Increasing use of contract system, with .industries placing g r o w number of T&D contracts with i n s t i t u t i o n s of higher learning, was h e l p i r g bridge gap between research centers and industry. (science, 2/28/69, 91'7-8) �I n Astronautics & Aeronautics e d i t o r i a l , w r i t t e n j u s t During February: before h i s appointment as Secretary of A i r Force, incoming A I M President, D r . Robert C. Seamans, Jr. said, "I believe t h a t t o o d e r stand adequately the challenges t h a t confront those of us i n aeron a u t i c a l and aerospace a c t i v i t i e s , we must take a s our perspective the comnitments t h a t challenge the nation as a whole. President Eisenhower, President Kennedy, and President Johnson, each i n h i s own way, had a major impact on aeronautics and astronautics. And f o r each, his support of aerospace e f f o r t s was a function of his b e l i e f that such efforts were instrumental f n t h e accomplishmerrt of n a t i o n a l goals. In t h e hture, a s i n t h e p a s t , governmentd support of aerospace w i l l be based l a r g e l y on i t s demonstrated relevance t o t h e needs of the nation." 2/69, 26-11 , (A&A, �PROVISIONAL rnEx-FmFlUARY Aberdeen, Md., 62 See A n t i b a l l i s t i c missile system. Accident, a i r c r a f t , 52 Advanced videcon camera system (AVCS ) 73-74 Aerobee 150 (sounding rocket), 6 1 Aerobee 150 M I , 48, 52, 55 Aeronautics, 49, 57, 67, 76, 7 Agnew, Vice President Spiro T. 69, 7 2 AIM. See American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics a d ~stronahtics A i r Force Museum, 49 A i r p o u u t i o n , 47 Air t r a f f i c c o n t r o l , 47, 55 A i r Traffic C o n t r o l l e r s Organization, 55 Aircraft, 48-50, 52, 57, 58, 60 A i r U n e s , 52, 63 A i r p o r t s , 55, 69, 70, 73 Allen, H. Julian, 68 American Assn. of SchoolAdministra.tors, 58 American I n s t i t u t e of ~ e r o n a u t i c sand Astronautics (AIM), 7'7 American Management Assn., 7 2 American Physical Society 51 Arnes Re search Center (ARC 68 A=, R., 76 Anders, L/C W j l l i a m A. (USAI?), 75 Anniversary, 66, 75-76 Antenna, 56 Antiballistic m i s s i l e (AM) svstem. 50, 51, 54, 59, 64, 68 ApoUo (program), 47, 65 Apollo ( s p a c e c r a f t ) , 54, 57, 7 G A P O ~ O8 f u g h t , 47, 49, 58, 60, 69, 75 Apollo 9 flight, 64' Apollo Applications (AA) program, 47, 56, 76 Applied Physics Laboratory (~ohnsHopkins Univ.), 47 Aquanaut, '65, 66, 72-73 ARC. See Ames Research Center. A r i e l IV (u. K. s a t e l l i t e ) 75 Astronaut, 40, 50, 52, 55, 57, 58, 61, 62, ,, 66-68, 75 Astronauts Memorial Conmission, 68 Astronomy, 53, 70, 71 A t l a n t i c City, N. J., 58 Atlas-Cent aur (SLV-3~)(booster) 70 ABM. , , I, , , �FEBRUARY 1969 Atmosphere, 48, 52 A t m i c Energy Commission (uc), 53, 54 Atoms f o r Peace program, 52 AustraJia, 54 Automated radar t r a c k i n g systems (ARTS), 70 Award, 4-8, 58, 63, 69 Baikonur Cosmodrome, 74 Barth, Robert A., Jr., 66 Baudouin I,-King of Belgium, 58 Beechex, ~illiam,-'64 Beggs, James M. , 67, 75 Belgium, 48, 58 BeUcomm, LC. , 48 Berlin, West, 48, 62 Berry, M. J . , 76 Birmingham, U n i v . o f , 76 Blount, Postmaster General Winton M., 75 Boeing Co. , 5'7 Boeing 747 (jet -.t r a n s p o r t ) , 57 60 Bonn, W. &many, 48, 6 1 Borman, Col. Frank (uw), 50 goodwill t&, 48, 52, 58, 61, 6,2, 66-69 Brayton Cycle (space power generator), 74 Brussels, Belgium, 48, 58 C-5A (military cargo t r a n s p o r t ) , 60, 73 California, Univ. of, 53 Berkeley ~ e i t .of Nuclear Engineering, 68 Cambridge Univ., 53 Camden, N . J . , 69 Camera, 70, 73-74 Cannon, Berry L., 66, 72-73 Canopus ( s t a r ) , 70 Cape Keraudren, ~ u s t r a l i a ,54 cbicago, m., 55 China, Communist, 54 , Chrysler Corp. Space Div., 62 Churchill Research Range, C i v i l Air P a t r o l , 62 Clarke, ArtW C. 49 Clifion, H. Edward, 65 48, 52 , (ii) �FEBRUARY 1969 Colon de Carvajal y Maroto, Cristobal, 67 Columbus, Diego, 67 Commerce, Dept. of, 63 Cormnission on Marine Science, Engineering and Resources, (2 Communications satellite, 47, 50, 56, 69 Communications Satellite Act of 1962, 68 Communications Satellite Corp. (~om~at~orp), 50, 64, 68, s, Computer Sciences Corp., 60 Condon, Dr. Edward U., 64 Congress, 65 Congress, House of Representatives b u s introduced, 67, 68 bills passed, 68 Conrmittee on.b e d Services, 50 Committee on Interstate and Foreign Comerce, 52 Congress, Senate, 55, 73 Committee on Foreign Relations, 68, 73 Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, 53 CONTACT! The Story of the Early ~irds,6 ' Cosmonaut, 50, 52, 61 Cosmos CCIXV (u.S . S.R. satellite), 55 cosmos CWI, 72 Cosmos CCLXVII, 74 Crab Nebula, 53 Creason, R. L., 7 2 Crowley, Mrs. Peggy, 58 Cuba, 65 Davies, R. W., 76 Defense, Dept. of (DOD), 50, 53, 54, 56, 75-76 De GauUe, President Charles (F'rance) , 52 Dewart, Prof. Leslie, 49 Discoverer I (satellite), 75-76 DOT. See Transportation, Dept of. Downs, Dr. George S., 7 1 m i d g e , Dr. Lee A., 53, 55, 62-63 Earth resources, 47 Eastern Test Range (ETR), 56, 70 Edwards AFB, Calif. 49 Eiffel Tower, 52 Eisenhower, President Dwight D., 59, 77 Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 48 . , (iii) �, Environmental Science Services Administrat ion (ESU) 74 ESSA IX (ToS-G) (meteorological s a t e l l i t e ) , 73-74 Expanded Use of Federal Research F a c i l i t i e s by University I n v e s t i g a t o r s , 70, 71 Explorer (program), 63 E x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l l i f e 70 F-8 ( f i g h t e r aircraft 57 F-l4A. (supersonic f i g h t e r ) 50 F-U3-A (supersonic fighterj, 62, 67 F-U.33, 62 Fabiola, Queen of Belgium, 58 Fairbanks, Alaska, 74 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 55, 58, 7 3 , 74 Federal. Couricil f o r Science and Technolow, 71 F i s h e r , Paul C . , 6 1 F l e m i n g , A r t k S . , Awards 63 F l i g h t Research Center ( F R C ~ (NASA), 57, 75 France, 48, 71 FRC. See Flight Research Center. Frey, Rep. Louis, Jr., 68 Fuchlow, Capt William D. (USAF) 62 Gagarin, Col. Y u r i A. (u.s.s.R..), 52, 65 General a v i a t i o n , 52, 73 General mamics Corp., 60 General E l e c t r i c Co., 65 Germany, west, 48, 61, 62 Gill, C. James, 48 Glenn, Col. John H. Jr. (USMC,Ret ), 55 Glendale, Ariz., 50 GCA Corp., 62 Goddasd Space F l i g h t Center (GSFC), 47, 64, 74 E x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l Fhysics Rranch, 64 Golden Key Award, 58 Goldstone, C a l i f . , 71 Great S a l t Lake, 6 2 Green, D r . Robert L., 58 Grumman Aircraft Engineer* Corp., 50, f l Gunn, Charles R . , 69 The Hague, Netherlands, 48 Hallgren, D r . Richard E . , 63 Hand, Alfred, 69 Hedin, Sven, 64 Hoagland, Hudson, 64 j, . , , . �FEBRUARY 1969 Housing and U r b a n Development, Dept. of (HUD), 53 HuwwT, 58 Uyh, L t . ( u . S . S . R . ) , 50 I n t e g r a l Launch and Re-entry Vehicle (ILFW), 60 INTELSAT. See International Telecommunications Sat e l l i t e Consortium. ink elsat-I11 F-1 (comunicat ions s a t e l l i t e ) , 5 1 Intelsat-111 F-2, 5 1 Lntelsat-I11 F-3, 50-51 I n t e r i o r Dept , 65 3 3 % e r m t i o n d Aeronautical Exposit ion, 67 International Aviation Service Award (FAA), 69 International cooperation, space, 49, 52, 54, 56, 65, International Telecommunications Sat e U i t e Consortium Ion propulsion, 60-61 Italy, 48 Jet Propulsion La-mratory (JPL (Cal Tech), 71, 7 2 Jobe, Capt Robert Earle (US&? , 62 Johns Hopkins Univ., 47, 55, 58 Johnson, Presiderrt Lyndon B., 51, 77 JPL. See Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Kennedy, President John.F., 49, 56, 77 Kennedy Space Center (KSC) (NASA), 60,: 68 Key Biscayne, Fla., 56 Kiesinger, Chancellor' K u r t G. (w. ~ermany) , 61 Kramer, James J., 63 ~remlin,50 Laboratories, 70 Laird, Secretary of .Defense Melvin R., 50, 68 Langley Reseasch Center ( L W ) (NMA), .57, 76 Lannan, John, 5 1 Lapp, D r . Ralph E. , 47 Las Vegas, N w . , 62 Laser, 47 Lawrence Radiation Laboratory 68 Leonov, L/C Aleksey (u.s.s.R. j, 61 Lewis Research Center ( L ~ R C(NASA), ) 60, 74 Propulsions Systems Acoustics Branch, 63 Lick Observatory, C a l i f . , 53 Li'sbon, Portugal, 48, 68 Lockheed Georgia Co. 73 Lockheed MissFLes 8: Space Co. , 60 London, U. K. 48 . ! . , , , �FEBRUARY 1969 Long-Tank Thrust-Augmented Tbor ( L T T A T ) - D ~ (booster), ~~~ 50, Lunar module (m), 54, 57 McDivitt, L/C James A. (USAF), 66 McDowell, James, 48 Madrid, Spain, 48, 67 Mahnken, Conrad V. W., 65 Mandelbaum, Leonard, 65 Manned space f l i g h t , 47-49, 57 59, 60, 65 Manned Spaceflight Center ( M S C ~(NASA), 60 Mariner (program), 71 Mariner 111 (Mars probe Mariner IV, 70, 7 1 Mariner V I (Maziner F) probe), 70-71 Mariner V I I (Mariner G) Mark, D r . Hans M. 68 Marks, Leonard H . , 71 Mars (planet), 70, 72, 76 Marshall Space F l i g h t Center (MSFC) (NASA), 60, 62, 75 Mas on-Rust Co 7 5 Massachusetts I n s t i t u t e of Technology (a) 51 , Materials technology, 5.8 Meteorological s a t e l l i t e , 56, 59, 73-74 Michoud Assembly F a c i l i t y , 75 Miller, D r . Joseph S . , 53 Minnesota, Univ. o f h s t i t u t e of Technology, 48, 52 Missile, 50, 54, 59, 61 MIT. See Massachusetts I n s t i t u t e of Technology. Moon exploration o f , 60, 61, 63, 75 landing manned 47, 55, 57, 58, 68 Moscow (u.s.s.R.~, 64 MSC. See Manned Spacecraft Center. MSFC. See Marshall Space Flight Center. Muscat and Oman (sultanate), 58 NASA O f f i c e of Space Science and Applications (OSSA) Lunar and Planetmy Programs Div., 71 National Academy of Sciences (NAS), 59 National Aeronautic s and Space Admini s t r a t ion (NASA) , ., ' achievements, 49 anniversaxy, 66 award, 48, 58, 60, 63, 6 9 73 �National Aeronautics and Space Administration (continued) c o n t r a c t , 48, 54, 57, 60, 62, 75, 76 cooperation, 56, 62, 65, 75 cooperat ion, i n t e r n a t i o n a l 48, 5 2, 75 launch probe, 70-71 s a t e U t e , 50-51, 73-74 sounding rocket, 48, 52, 55, 61, 62 personnel, 53, 58, 68 Pro Qrm aeronautics, 49, 57 APOUO, 47, 65 Apolro Applications, 47, 56, 59, 7 6 p l a n e t a r y , 47-48, 72 , Viking, 72, 76 t e s t , 57, 60-61 National Aeronautics and Space Council (NAsc) , 49, 63, 69 National Council on Marine Resources and Engineering Development, 72 National Research Council (NRC) Div. o f Engineering, 59 National Science F o u n d a t ' i o n . ( ~ ~ 51, ~ ) , 68 Nat-ional Society of Professional Engineers, 4-7 National Transportation S a f e t y Board, 52 Navigation s a t e l l i t e , 47, 59 N e l l i s AJ?B, Nev'. , 62 Nelson, Bryce, 76 Ness, D r . Norman F., 63 New York, N.Y., 51, 55 Nike-Apache ( sounding rocket ) 6 2 Nike -Tomahawk (sounding rocket ) ' 6 2 Nixon, President Richard M., 52, 58, 64, .72 a n t i b a l l i s t i c m i s s i l e , 50, 59 science, 51, 70, 71 space program, 54, 56 supersonic t r a n s p o r t , 55, 75 North American Rockwell Corp., 60, 76 NSF. See National Science Foundation. Nuclear n o n p r o l i f e r a t i o n t r e a t y , 52, 67, 73 Nuclear power, 47 Oceanography, 6 3 , 65, 66 OtConnell, Joseph J., Jr., 52 Office of Science and Technology (Rresident's), 53, 55 , , �FEBRUARY 1969 OIKeefe, D r . John A . , 64 Organization f o r Economlc Co-Operat ion and Development (OECD ) D i r e c t o r a t e f o r S c i e n t i f i c Affairs, 76 Osgood, John, 67 OSO V ( o r b i t i n g Solar observatory), 72 0 'Toole, Thom,as 57 P a c i f i c Ocean, 66 Palne Field, Wash., 57' P a h e , D r . Thomas O., 58 Palos Verdes, C a l i f . , 69 P a r i s Air Show, 60 Paris, France, 48, 52 Paul VI, Pope, 66 Portugal, 48 P r e s i d e n t ' s Science Advisory Committee, 53 Press comment a n t i b a l l i s t i c m i s s i l e system 59 Press conference,' 52, 54, 62-63, 68, 69 Probe, 53, 70-71 P r o j e c t Tekbite, 65 Pulsar, 5 3 , 71 , Rabi, Dr. I. ., , Radar, 59, 63, 7' . Radiotelescope, 53 R e i c h l e ~ , Paul, 71 Research and development, 51, 53, 76 Richardson, Robert, 63 Rivers, Rep. L. Mendel, 50 Roberts, W a l t e r O r r , 55 Rogers, Secretary of S t a t e William P, 67 Romania, 58 R o y a l Crown Cola I n t e r n a t i o n a l , 55 Royal Society of S c i e n t i s t s , 48 St. J o b , Virgin Islands, 65 St. Louis County Mo San Antonio, Tex., 4.7 S m Clemente I s l a n d , Calif., 66 San Diego, Calif. 7 2 Saturn 13 (uprated Saturn I ) ( b o s t e r ) , 62 Saturn V ( b o o s t e r ) , 60 S c h i r r a , Capt. Walter M.., Jr. (USN), 58 Science, 51, 53 , , . , �FEBRUARY 1969 Science Policy i n the USSR, 76 Science Research Council (SRC) (u. K. ) , 75 Scientists, 51 Scowt ( b o o s t e r ) , 75 Sealab 111, 66 Seamans, Secretary of the A i r Force Robert C., Jr., 7 S e a t t l e , Wash. 57 S e n t i n e l ( a n t i b a l l i s t i c m i s s i l e system), 50, 54, 59, 68 SERT I (space E l e c t r i c Rocket T e s t ) , 6 1 SEW XI, 60-61 Serv-Air, Inc., 75 Shabad, Theodore, 50 Shaffer, John H., 74 S h i v e r , Ambassador R. Sargent, Jr 52 Snow, Lord Charles (c. P. ), 49 Sonic boom, 75 Sounding m c k e t , 48, 52, 55, 61, 62 Space, military use of, 56 Space program, n a t i o n a l , 47-48, 54, 56, 62-63, 65, 68, 69, 7 ' 7' Space r e s u l t s , 47, 49, 59, 6 3 Space s t a t i o n , 60 Spain, 48 Spectrometer, 48, 52, 70 Sperry Rand Coxp., 53 Sperry Gyroscope Div., 53 UKITAC Federal Systems Div., 70 Stamp, commemorative, 58, 75 S t a r , 53, 70 S t a r Tracking Rocket A t t i t u d e Positioning (STRAT) system, 55 S t a t e Dept., 54 STOL a i r c r a f i , 63 Stoltenberg, Minister f o r S c i e n t i f i c A f f a i r s Gerhard (K ~ e r m a n y ) , 6 1 , ., Sun, 48, 6 1 Supersonic t r a n s p o r t (SST), 55, 75 Sweden, 64 Syvertson, Clarence A . , 68 Taccomsat I ical Cormmicat ions s a t e l l i t e ) Television, 51, 59, 64, 70 Thomas, David D. 74 Thor-Delta (booster), 69 Thorad-Agena (booster ) 60, 75 a act , , , 56 �FEBRUARY 1969 Tibet, 64 T i r o s Operational S a t e l l i t e (TOS) system, 73-74 Titan 111-C (booster), 56 Tracking, 47, 60, 70, 75 Transportation, Dept. of (DOT), 55, 60, 67, 74 Trhethylaluminum (TMA) exper b e n t 62 TRW, Inc., 74 Tyle, Sir M a r t i n , 53 Uebel, Theodore C. 69 Unidentified f l y i n g obj e c t (UFO), 64 Union of Concerned S c i e n t i s t s , 51 United Aircraft Corp. P r a t t & Whitney Div., 50 United Kingdom ('u.K. ) 48, 75 House of Commons, 48 United Technology Center 60 Urdversities, 51, 70, 71 University Corp. f o r Atmospheric Research, 55 U. S. A i r Force (w) a i r c r a f t , 48, 49, 60, 62, 67, 73 c o n t r a c t , 60 U. S. Army 'BaUistics Laboratory, 62 U.S. Coast Guard, 65 U . S . Navy (urn), 47, 50, 57, 65, 66, 72-73 U.S.S. E l k River, 66 U.S.S.R=O~ Soviet S o c i a l i s t ~ e p u b l i c s ) ,50, 62 budget, 61 cooperation, space, 52, 71 launch sat e l l i t e , , , , cosmos, 5 5 , 72, 74 missile and rocket program, 54, 64, 67, 60 nuclear nonproliferation treaty, 52 probe, 53 science and technology, 76 space program, 6 1 weapons, 6 1 Van Derwalker, John G. 65 Van ard I1 (satellitej, 66 h e l l a t i o n ) , 71 Venus ( p l a n e t ) , 55 Venus V (u.s. S.R. Venus pobe), 53 �FEBRUARY 1969 Venus VI, 53 Vidal, Eugene Luther, 69 Vietnam War, 61 73 Viking ( P r o ~ r a n j ,72, 7 6 V i l l a r d , Henry Serrano, 67 Volpe, Secretary of Transportation John A., 55, 74 Waddell, Jack, 57 Waller, Richard A., 65 Wallops Station (NASA), 62, 74 Wampler, Dr. E. Joseph, 53 Washington Academy of Sciences, 69 Washington A i r l h e s , 63 Washington, D. C. 5 5 , 63, 69, 7 2 Weapon systems, 52, 53 Webb, James E., 53 Weightlessness, 61 Welsh, Dr. Edward C., 49 West German A i r and Space Research Institute, 61 Western Test Range (wR),60, 75 Whit comb, Dr. Richard T., 57 White House, 54, 62 White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), N. Mex. , 55, 61 Wilson, Rep. Chaxles H. 67 Wilson, Prime Minister Harold, 48 Wing, aircraft, 57 Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, 64 Wright, O r v i l l e , 67 Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, 49 WSMII. See White Sands Missile Range. XB-70 (supersonic research aircrart) , 49 , , GPO 8 7 8 0 3 s �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000123 Title A name given to the resource "Astronautics and Aeronautics February 1969: A Chronology on Science, Technology, and Policy (HHR-23)." Description An account of the resource Comment draft. Text drafted by Science and Technology Division, Library of Congress. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Library of Congress. Science and Technology Division NASA Historical Division (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-02-01 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn Project (U.S.) Science and state Space race Technology and state Type The nature or genre of the resource Chronologies (list) Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 30, Folder 23 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000119_000149 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/18073 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1267/spc_stnv_000124.pdf 8c9f4e9a31147f22a339b6e02eea55ab PDF Text Text ON SCIEKCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND POLICY - ' : (m-23) , 5,;* ' rT f.2 . 4 1 . , ,a - I by sci'e'&e and Technology Division Library of Congress . 1 I I - .+. ! , . Historical Division (EH) Office of Policy National Aeronautics and Space Administration .Washington, D.C. 20546 ;.uf ( P ~ S RETURN E COMMENTS AND SURPLUS COPIES TO EH) �A U G U S T 1969 �August 1: Lick Observatory s c i e n t i s t s s u c c e s s W y recorded f i r s t h i t s 03 l a s e r reflect.or l e f t on moon by Apollo 1 1 astronauts. Hits, which came af'ter 2,000-3,000 unsuccessful attempts by Lick and McDonald Observatories, were made by Lick's 120-in telescope--world's second l a r g e s t . S c i e n t i s t s f i r e d 500 pulses with pure xed beam of ruby l a s e r . Each pulse l a s t e d 15-20 b i l l i o n t h s of a second, reached moon i n 1 . 3 secs, and bouncedback i n same time. Target--18-in-square panel of 100 three-faced prisms of fused silica--was h i t about threefourths of time. (GSFC ~ i s t o r i a n ) . JPL, engineers reported Mariner VII, enroute t o Mars, had suffered sudden change i n velocity--possibly because of gas l e a k from pressure can i n i n f r a r e d spectrometer--that could throw o f f i t s approach t o Mars. Also, 20 of 92 telemetry. channels, including one t h a t aimed Tf camera platform toward Mars, had not operated properly a f t e r con-trollers l o s t contact with spacecraft July 30. When engineers turned on TV cameras, however, they began .taking pictures t h a t appeared t o Be of Mars. (Auerbach, W Post, 8/2/69, A4) . Dr. Wilmot N. Hess, Director of Science and Applications a t MSC, announ2ed he would leave NASA i n September t o became Director of Research Laborat o r i e s f o r ESSA i n Boulder, Colo. His successor had n0.t; yet been selected. D r . Hess said he was taking new position because job was challenging one i n growing organization with important mission. "We have passed a milestone i n t h e manned space f l i g h t program by t h e recent lunar landing. W e have put t h e Lunar Receiving Laboratory i n t o operat i o n and it i s performing i t s mission well. We have placed instruments on t h e moon successfully and have t h e s c i e n t i f i c program f o r t h e next several lunar missions well organized." Before going t o MSC, D r . H e s s served as Chief of Laboratory f o r Theoretical Studies a t GSFC, 1961-1967. (MSC Release 69-54) ' . I n t e l s a t -111F-2 cansat (launched Dec. 18, 1%8), which had stopped operating June 29 when mechanically despun ant eima m ~ cioned, t was restored t o service. l n t e l s a t I ( ~ a r l y~ i r d ) ,reactivated June 30, had worked with I n t e l s a t - I 1 F-3 t o provide service during i n t e r r u p t ion. (CmSatCorp Release 69-49) . President Nixon arrived a t Lahore, Pakistan, during round-the-world journey. Pakistan President Y&ya Khan s a i d a t a i r p o r t , "The City of Lahore i s happy t o receive you on i t s h i s t o r i c s o i l and t o share your joy a t t h e most recent and t h e most memorable triumph of human cowage, determination, and s c i e n t i f i c skill which was achieved by your astronauts when they were first t o land on t h e moon." (m), 8/4/69, 1060) �Aumst 1: LRL technicians Ronald J. EufM and George E. Williams, accidently exposed t o lunar samples when glove used t o examine samples cracked, were placed i n quarantine with Apollo U astronauts, 2 doctors, and 1 2 technicians, cooks, and other employees. (W Post, 8/2/69, ~4) . James L. Stamy, Deputy Manager of Michoud Assembly F a c i l i t y since 1962, became Acting Manager, replacing D r . George N. Constan, who re'tired July 31. (MSFC Release 69-169) . U .S . Army Collateral Invest i g a t ion Board appointed t o invest igat e March 1 2 crash of AH-56.A Cheyenne helicopter, in which c i v i l i a n p i l o t David A. Beil l o s t h i s l i f e , issued report. It found accident was caused by divergent, low-frequency, main-rotor o s c i U a t i o n and p i l o t had been k i l l e d by r o t o r blades. Manufacturer, LockheedCalifornia Co., had " f a i l e d t o exercise due care and judgment iil the planning and exemtion of f l i g h t 288 and in so doing f a i l e d t o adhere t o an acceptable l e v e l of sound i n d u s t r i a l practice. " ( ~ e x)t . M/G James T. Stewart, former Vice Director of USAF' s Manned O r b i t i n g Laboratory (MOL) program, had been named Deputy Chief of S t a f f f o r Systems, Gen. James Ferguson, AFSC Commander, gmounced. Gen. Stewart would replace M / G John L. Zoeckler, who r e t i r e d from USAJ? July 31. (USC Release 130.69) . USN amounced award o f $ 4 6 l - ~ i o ncontract t o Locmeed Aircraft Corp. f o r development of S-34 carrier-based antisubmarine-warfare a i r c r a f t , formerly designated VSX. Contract, t o be f'unded over five-years, was f o r 6 R&D a i r c r a f t with option t o procure 193 production models, cont igent upon successrul development phase. (DOD Release 647 -69) , Christian Science Monitor r e p r b t e d London Economist e d i t o r i a l : ' "When Europe drew pride and s t a t u s f r o m i t s colonies, t h e Americans had none: the t a b l e s a r e turned now. While t h e United S t a t e s r i n g s July 2 l s t red on its calendar, Europe faces t h e probability t h a t when t h e planets are opened up we Europeans w i l l have no p a r t i n doing it. The idea, a t t h i s l a t e stage, of a European manned space p r o g r m e i s nonsense. The policy t h a t would make more sense would be t o approach t h e United States t o see i f t h e Administration w i l l accept some foreign collaboration in t h e hugely expensive next y e w s of its space programme. I3' t h e next American objective i s Mars, a sensible Admini s t r a t i o n may welcome help and participation--especially i f this excludes pressure t o co-operat e with t h e . Russians There w i l l be no opportunity in t h i s generation that it would cost us more t o miss." (CSM, 8/1/69) .. .. �August 2: Press conference on Mariner V I prelimSnary r e s u l t s was held a t JPL. S c i e n t i s t s reported experiments had revealed t h a t : r e curring ' white blob seen in previous Mars pictures was 300-mi-wide c r a t e r with peak in center; l i n e a r features known as canals were a c t u a l l y l a r g e , i r r e g u l a r , low-contrast splotches without s p e c i f i c d e t a i l ; temperature i n e q u a t o r i a l area ranged from 75% t o -100?F; atmosphere was almost nonexistent; Mars had no sharply defined borders separating l i g h t and dark areas; and Martian surface was more heavily cratered t h a i previously believed. D r . Charles A. B&h of Univ. of Colorado said any l i f e on Mars tu-odd be very d i f f e r e n t from l i f e on earth--perhaps form that used carbon dioxide. He s a i d W spectrometer had found atomic carbon and carbon monoxide, but no t r a c e s of nitrogen--essential t o l i f e on earth. D r . George C. Pimentel of Univ. of California a t Berkeley s a i d i n f r a r e d spectrometer had detected presence of unknown compound r e l a t e d t o methane--building block of l i f e on earth. He a l s o reported detect i o n of super-thin l a y e r of water i c e hanging i n atmosphere above Mars equator. (Auerbach, W Post, 8/3/69, A3; Lannan, W Star, 8/3/69, ~ 5 ) - . NASA's Mariner V I I t e l e v i s e d t w o good t e s t ' pictures before s t a r t of i t s f i r s t s e r i e s of 34 approach shots more than 1 m i l X o n m i from Mars, (e, W Star, 8/2/69, ~ 3 ) . Initial r e s u l t s of t e s t s a t Lunar Receiving Laboratory in which mice were e x p o s e d t o lunar samples showed no indication of life on moon, LRL p r e ventative medicine s p e c i a l i s t D r . Norman D. Jones reported. ALL 24 s t e r i l i z e d mice t h a t had lunar dust injected i n t o t h e i r stomachs July 3 and 240 mice innoculated Aug, 1were "alive and kicking.. They have shown no untoward reaction t o t h e sample and seem t o be i n very good health." (AT, W S t a r , 8/3/69, ~ 5 ) .. . Lick O b s e m t o r y s c i e n t i s t s said they had measured distance between e a r t h and moon t o be 226,970.9 m i , based on data *om Aug. 1 t e s t i n which l a s e r beam successfully h i t r e f l e c t o r afimoon. Figure was accurate t o within 150 fi and eventually d g h t be pinned down t o inches. (AP, W Post, 8/4/69, Ah) . Romanian President Nicolae Ceausescu met President and Mrs. Nixon on a r r i v a l a t Otopeni Airport, Bucharest. President Nixon r e p l i e d t o welcome: " . . . t h i s s i g n i f i c a n t moment i n t h e h i s t o r y of r e l a t i o n s between our two countries coincides with a great moment in t h e h i s t o r y of t h e human-race. Mankind has landed on t h e moon. We. have established a foothold i n outer space. But t h e r e are goals �August 2 (continued) we have not reached here on earth. We a r e s t i l l building a j u s t peace i n t h e world. This i s a work ' t h a t requires t h e same cooperation and patience and perseverance from men of good w i l l t h a t it took t o launch t h a t vehicle t o t h e moon." (g,8/4/69, ~ 6 5 ) . Washi&on Post editorial: " I t is not of'ten t h a t t h e public has a chance t o share i n t h e day t o day unraveling of s c i e n t i f i c mysteries. The men and women who engage in basic research prefer t o work q u i e t l y in laborat o r i e s and eventually announce t h e i r findings i n t h e atmosphere of scholarly meetings o r academic publications. But at Houston and Pasadena [MSC and JPL] t h e s e days, t h e public has became a s i l e n t observer of t h e plodding work t h a t goes i n t o basic research. Regardless of the drama t h a t i s involved, t h e study of t h e rocks brought back by Apollo U from t h e moon and of t h e p i c t u r e s being transmitted back by Mariners 6 and 7 as they f l y past Mars i s simply basic research. Although results a r e t r i c k l i n g out each day, t h e dimensions of each discovery are hard t o measure and an understanding of t h e i r cumulative impact i s l i k e l y t o be long i n coming. " (W Post, 8/2/69, ~ 1 2 ) A t Andrews AFB, on return from world $our, President Nixon said: A ust 3 I noted t h a t so many, p a r t i c u l a r l y of the young people, *&arest held up a newspaper picture of the astronauts landing on t h e moon, and everywhere we went it was t h e same. Some way, when those two Americans stepped on t h e moon, t h e people o f t h i s world were brought closer t o gether. . .I r e a l l y f e e l in my heart t h a t it is.. .the s p i r i t of Apollo, t h a t America can now help t o bring t o all r e l a t i o n s with other nations. The s p i r i t of Apollo can bring the people of t h e world together in peace. " (g, 8/4/69, 1071-2) . ... , New York Times published interview in which Grumman A i r c r a f t Engineering Corp. President L. J. Evans expressed concern over p o s s i b i l i t y of f a i l u r e in future space missions, "It has been one b i g ' g m b l e up t o t h i s point. This country must ccme up with rescue hardware. It w o u l d be shocking if someone got stuck i n o r b i t someplace. " He s a w need f o r four space f a c i l - t i e s : space s t a t i o n i n e a r t h or lunar o r b i t , s h ~ t t l ef o r t r a v e l between earth and space laboratory, space "tug" t o go between nonatmospheric o r b i t s , and rescue vehicle. ampel el, F,8/3/69, ~ 7 ) . New York Times e d i t o r i a l commented on Apollo 1l lunar landing and Marher V I Mars mission: "Future generations may well regard the l a s t two weeks of J u l y 1969 as the most revolutionary and s i g n i f i c a n t f o r t n i g h t of t h e e n t i r e twentieth century. Not for 300 �August 3 (continued) years has any compuable quantum leap i n man's howledge of t h e Cosmds taken place in so b r i e f a time. " (E, 8/3/69, 10) . There was no quest ion t h a t manned Mars mission could be "organized, equipped and flown, possibly 'by 1985 o r 1986, " William Kines s a i d i n WashingLon Sunday S t a r . "But t h e cost of such a f l i g h t would be tremendous." Apollo had cost $25 b i l l i o n over eight years.' Project Mars "would cost four times as much over a period twice as long." Taxpayers and l e g i s l a t o r s "should l i s t e n t o t h e professional pitchmen of space with a dubious ear, demanding f a c t s instead of t h e s o r t of r h e t o r i c D r . George E. Mueller delivered on ApoUo 11 splashdown day. " (W S t a r , 8/3/69, ~ 4 ) August 3-4: Photos of Mars taken from 65,000-mi a l t i t u d e byNASA1s Mariner VII were received by JPL and shown l i v e on TV. Although p i c t u r e s were c l e a r , canals were barely v i s i b l e as dark splotchy areas, indicating they were not sharply defined features a s previously believed. Viewers s a w 100-mi-wide, 750-mi-long dark streak i d e n t i f i e d as Agathadaemon canal, Ceberus canal i n l i g h t Plateau Elysium area, and Martian south pole with c r a t e r s f i l l e d with substance resembling snow o r i c e , Pictures showed white grid p a t t e r n around Nix Olympics, i d e n t i f i e d by Mariner V I photos as 300-mi-wide crater. Absence in Mariner VII photos of bright streak on Tempe desert near Mars north pole t h a t had been v i s i b l e i n ~ ai nre i V I photos suggested met eorologicaL phenomenon similar to earth's seasonal changes. South polar cap, which was 2,500 m i across in Mariner VII photos, shrank t o 250 m i across i n Martian summer and increased t o 3,500 m i across i n winter. ( ~ u e r b a c h , w post, 8/5/69, u ) August 4 : S c i e n t i s t s a t Lunar Receiving Laboratory opened l a s t box of Apollo L l lunar samples containing charcaal-gray dust and assorted rocks ranging from gravel t o s i z e of orange, NASA geologist D r . Jeffrey.L. Warner described rocks as "different from anything we have on earth." Some of rocks had f l a t faces a n d appeared t o have been broken o f f l a r g e r chunks of rnzterial. Rocks i n f i r s t box of s&?nples had been rounded. Some rocks contained unidentified crystals that sparkled; others had "an unusual smattering of what appeared t o be metallics," possibly illemite (iron-titanium mineral (UPI, W Post, 8/5/69, A6; oxide), important source of titmiurn. AP, B 8/5/69, f i ) a, �August 4: NAS-NRC Space Science Board published A Program for Exploration. Report detailed program f o r m n n e d exploration from 197'4 t o early' 1980s; reaffirmed goals set by e a r l i e r study emphasizing e x p e r h e n t s contributing t o understanding of o r i g i n and evolution of solar system, of l i f e , and of dynamic processes i n t e r r e s t r i a l environment; and agreed exploration would concentrate on planets but time i n f l i g h t would permit study of interplanetary medium. Missions recommended were 1 4 4 3upiter deep-entry probe and flyby, 1976 J u p i t e r o r b i t , 1yi"j' eeh-Jupiter-Saturn-Pluto probes, 199 earth-Jupiter-Uranus-Neptune probes, and earth-Jupiter-Uranus e n t r y probes i n e a r l y 1930s. Vigorous national program could be developed f o r small f r a c t i o n of total NASA program cost and increased portion of space budget should be devoted t o planetary exploration. Report, o r i g i n a t i n g f'rorn June 1968 study chaired by D r . James A. Van Allen of Univ. of Iowa and D r . Gordon 3 . F. MacDonald of Univ. of California a t Santa Barbara, recommended NASA include long-term outer s o l a r system exploration plan i n 191 Congressional budgetary presentation. ( ~ e x t ) . NASA's Pegasus IT1 meteoroid detection s a t e l l i t e , launched July 30, 1965, reentered earth atmosphere a t 2:04 am CDT over Indian Ocean a t 3.h0 N. l a t i t u d e and 56.Y0E. longitude. Pegasus III was l a s t i n s e r i e s of t h r e e Pegasus s a t e l l i t e s with 96-ft-long detector panels launched t o determine flrequency of meteoroids in near-earth environment. All t h r e e had been turned off i n 1968 after operating f o r more than double design lifetime. Few hours before reentry, c o n t r o l l e r s comanded Pegasus 111 beacon t o begin operating again and beacon functioned s a t i s f a c t o r i l y u n t i l s a t e l l i t e was destroyed by r e e n t r y heat. ( W C Release 69-170; CSFC 8/15/69) . ERC announced it had developed and successfuJJy f l i g h t - t e s t e d "Flying Baton," simple, low-cost device t o provide eye-level a r t i f i c i a l horizon f o r p i l o t s . Developed by Center's W i l l i a m J. O'Keefe, device could contribute t o more "head-up" flying, be uSed f o r precision a t t i t u d e flying, and allow p i l o t more time t o look outside a i r c r a f t . (ERC Release 69-19) . DOTandand HUD announced $166,734 project f o r studies t o recommend shortlong-term r e l i e f Prom a i r c r a f t noise a t John F. Kennedy I n t e r n a t i o n a l Airport, New York; 0 'Hare Lnternat i o n d A i r p o r t , Chicago ; Bradley International Airport, Hartford, Conn. ; and Cape Kennedy Regional Airport, Fla. Area r e f l e c t e d cross - section of a i r p o r t ' s i t u a t i o n s . Studies were t o define noise problems, t o i d e n t i f y �August 4 (continued) a c t i v i t i e s a w e c t i n g problems, , t o i d e n t i f y approaches t o land use compatible with a i r p o r t locations, and t o analyze f e a s i b i l i t y of cornpat i b l e land development i n high-noi se areas. (DOT Release 18369) . Apollo 8 comemorative medallions containing metal carried on mission "as a token of appreciation f o r each individual's e f f o r t s i n e i n g t h e United States lunar pro ram possible, " NASA Hq. Weekly Bulletin said. (NASA Hq WB -9 w e r e being d i s t r i b u t e d t o NASA employees 814769, 1) - August 4-5: NASA's Mariner V I I transmitted f i r s t closeup photos of Mars south pole a s it flew within 2,103 m i of planet. Dr. Robert I?. Sharp, geologist a t C a l Tech, said 31 photos might look l i k e "baby p i c t u r e s of Earth. This i s what t h e E a r t h might have looked l i k e some four b i l l i o n years ago before it developed an atmosphere and oceans t o weather i t s surface and nurture l i f e . " Photos taken on passAug. 4 were t r a n s m i t t e d t o JPLAug. 5. Polar cap, which had appeared gleamhg white i n more d i s t a n t photos, looked d u l l gray in-closeups. Pictures showed south p o l a r cap with snow-like substance--possibly frozen carbon dioxide--piled up i n v a s t dunes; pocked with deep, steeply walled c r a t e r s ; and much darker than desert t o north. Floor of bright circular Hellas desert area, believed t o be shallow c m t e r or collapsed area, was strangely f r e e of meteorite hapact c r a t e r s , Mariner VII (launched March 27) with Mariner V I (launched Feb. 24) had provided most d e t a i l e d information t o date on Mars, including 198 photos coverjsg 2C$ of planet and d e t a i l e d s c i e n t i f i c d a t a *om onboard experiments. Data indicated: t h i n M&ian atmosphere had no detectable nitrogen; south polar cap, which appeared white and smoothly c i r c u l a r i n telescope, pictures, was ragged with dark splotch i n center; surface temperatures ranged from 7 5 9 ' t o -100%; some of narrower t h i n dark l i n e s called canals might be segments of rubbled rims of c r a t e r s up t o 303 m i across; and Martian surface, though heavily pocked, was not as rugged as lunar surface. (AP, 3 8 / 6 / 6 9 , Al; AP, WStar, 8/6/69, 117; Auerbach, W Post, 8/6/69, ~ 3 ) a, August 5 : D r . Thomas 0, Paine, NASA Administrator, and other t o p NASA o f f i c i a l s t e s t i f i e d on f u t u r e space programs before Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. �August 5 (continued) he decade of the 1 4 0 ' s Introducing programs, D r . Paine said: aria 1930's should have a program as bold in concept and as productive a s we have had i n t h e decade of the 1960's. we need to have c l e a r t o annual objectives t o focus our work and a commitrttent, subject review, as t o what these achievements w i l l be. Our general goal area should be t h e continued exploration of the solar system while! derivjng t h e maximum s c i e n t i f i c and p r a c t i c a l b e n e f i t s here on earth f r o m t h e space program. There is no question t h a t , a t some f'uture t h e , we will have t h e c a p a b i l i t y f o r manned planetary exploration and we need t o face now some of t h e decisions t h a t w i l l not bear f r u i t i o n f o r more than a decade. Although I do not believe that we will see manned exploration of t h e planets in the 1 9 0 ' s in t h e United S t a t e s . , . I do t h i n k t h i s could come i n t h e 1930's. It i s by no means c l e a r t h a t f o r t h e Soviet Union t h e decision may-not be made t o mount a crash program and bring t h i s i n before t h e end of the decade of the lS/O1s." Dr. Wernher von Braun, MSC Director, described possible manned Mars expedition in which two spacecraft would leave e a r t h Nov. 12, 1981; a r r i v e in Mars o r b i t Aug. 9, 1982; remain in Mars o r b i t for 80 days, performing surface landing operations during which 6 of t o t a l 1 2 crew members would v i s i t Martian surface; leave M a s in October 1982, making swingby of Venus in 123 days; and r e t u r n t o earth o r b i t Aug. 14, 1983. Two NERVA engines f o r each spacecraft would power departure from e&h o r b i t and r e t u r n t o o r b i t f o r l a t e r reuse. Third nuclear stage would remain with spacecraft t o power entry i n t o Mars o r b i t and return . t o earth. Nuclear stages would be placed in o r b i t by separate Launches. "Truly reusable vehicle" would be needed t o f l y from e a r t h t o r e f u e l stages. Each spacecraft would weigh 1.6 million l b s a t departure from earth o r b i t and would be 270 f't long, "smaller than what we are flying already t o t h e moon." Each should be able t o c a r r y all 1 2 astronauts i n case one ship should be put out of commission. On a r r i v a l a t Mars, unmanned landers would probe Mars and r e t u r n s o i l t o orbitlng c r a f t . Only after analysis would c r e w descend i n larger l a r d e r with small biological laboratory. During planetary o r b i t , two ships could be joined. If a r t i f i c i a l gravity proved desirable, joined spacecraft could be spun slowly t o create gravity by c e n t r i f b g a l force NASA was using "concept of r e u s a b i l i t y " i n planning, t o improve and reduce cost of operating in space, D r . George E. Mueller, NASA Associate Administrator f o r Manned Space F l i g h t , t o l d Cornittee, Reusability could be achieved "through t h e reuse of launch and space vehicles and ...through t h e reuse of a'mission module such as a space ... . ... �August 5 ( continued) s t a t i o n " put i n t o o r b i t and used over 10-yr o r even 20-yr period. Space s h u t t l e s would be designed t o r u n 100 or more f l i g h t s . Modules vehicles would be designed f o r multiple applications i n earth, lunar, and synchronous o r b i t s . Space tug would permit t r a v e l *om space s t a t i o n t o other spacecraft and back again--"generaJ. purpose equipment." In e a r t h o r b i t a l operations, " i t permits us t o f l y off from t h e space s t a t i o n over to.. .an QAO, orbiting astronomical observatory, e i t h e r to r e p a i r o r check t h e (240, or t o bring it back t o a space s t a t i o n where it can then be loaded on t h e space s h u t t l e f o r return t o e a r t h and then brought back i n t o o r b i t a f t e r repairs. " D r . John E. N a m e , NASA Associate Administrator f o r Space Science -f l i g h t s and Applications, reviewed information from Mariner V I and VII past Mars. He concludedthat with "excellent data we a r e g e t t i n g t h i s year" two Mariner 1971 spacecraft would be able successfully t o "map t h e planet and watch f o r surface changes," And NASA confidence i n a b i l i t y of 1973 Viking orbiter-lander project t o do s c i e n t i f i c research a l s o had increased. ( ~ r a n s c r i ~ t ) ... . Foqx LRL technicians--Miss Heather A. Owens, Chauncey C. Park, Roy G. Coons, and Riley Wilson--were placed i n i s o l a t e d area under quarantine after, being exposed t o l u n a r material when l i n e carrying contaminated material from vacuum chambers t o disposal area burst, spraying lunar material i n t o examining roam. Mishap, second i n which LRLtechnicians were exposed t o t o t a l number of persons under lunar rnsterial 1see Aug. 11, bro A3; MSC Hist o f f ) quarantine t o 23. (AP, W Post, . NASA announced resignat ion o f Astronaut F. Curtis Michel, e f f e c t i v e Aug. 18. D r . Michel, who had been on one-year leave of absence from NASA t o do s c i e n t i f i c research a t Rice Univ. in Houston, s a i d that--although he m s reluctant t o leave NASA and prospect of f l i g h t in space--he wanted t o devote f'ull time t o research a t Rice. Resignation reduced number of NASA astronauts t o 48. (MSC Release 69-55) . NASA n o t i f i e d I n s t i t u t o Geofisico d e l Peru t h a t $2-million NASA tracking s t a t i o n near Lima, Peru, would be closed because of s h i f t i n g pmgran requirements a d economic reasons. Station, t o be phased out by November, had p a r t i c i p a t e d i n more than 75 s a t e l l i t e missions since 1957. ( W A Release 69-117) . Dept. of I n t e r i o r mnoxnced grant of $100,225 f o r research i n t o health, s a f e t y , and water pollution i n c 3 s l mining operations. Island Creek Coal Co would determine if miners equipped with self-contained breathing apparatus similar t o astronaut s ' could work e f f i c i e n t l y i n mines f i l l e d with nitrogen or other inert gas. (DOI Release 17784-69) . �launched Cosmos CCXCI f h m Baikonur i n t o o r b i t with. ( 8 8 . 9 4 . ) perigee, 91.2-min period, and 62.2O inclination. S a t e l l i t e reentered Sept. 8. (CSFC g , 8/15/69; 9/15/69; SED,. 8/7/69, 109) August 6: U.S.S.R. 527-lm (327.5-mi) apogee, 143-hm , NASA's HL-10 lif'ting-body vehicle, p i l o t e d by NASA t e s t p i l o t John A. Manke, reached. 78,000-ft a l t i t u d e and mach 1.55 af'ter a i r launch from 8-52 aircraf't a t 45,030-ft a l t i t u d e west of Rosamond, C a l i f . objective of flight, 23rd in s e r i e s , was t o obtain d a t a on performance, s t a b i l i t y , and control--especially r o l l control. (NASA Proj o f f ) . PIASA named f l i g h t crews f o r Apollo 13 and 14 lunar landing missions. Prime crewmen f o r ApoUo 13 were Astronauts James A. Love=, Jr. (commander), Thomas K. Mattingly I1 (CM p i l o t ) , and Fred W. Haise, Jr. (M p i l o t ) . Backup crew was composed of Astronauts John W. Young, John L. Swigert , Jr , and Charles M. Duke, Sr . Apollo 14 prime crewmen were Astronauts Alan B. Shepard, Jr. (commander), Stuart A, Roosa . . ( C M p i l o t ) , and Edgar D. Mitchell (LM p i l o t ) . Backup crew was Astronauts Eugene A. Cernan, Ronald E. h s , and Joe E. Engle. Both missions would include lunar exploration and deployment of Apollo lunar surface experiment packages (ALSEP), Total lunar surface s t a y time would include two JWA periods of t h r e e hours each and would not exceed 35 h r s . F l i & t s would be f i r s t f o r Astronauts Mattin&, Haise, Roosa, and Mitchell. (NASA Release 69-115) a . Apollo 11Astronauts Neil A. Armstmng and E d w h E. Aldrin, Jr. , quarantined in LRI;, discussed lunar surface a c t i v i t i e s with about 4b s c i e n t i s t s and geologists over closed-circuit TV. Astronauts s a i d lunar surface was r i c h with i n t e r e s t i n g rocks. They described snail, walnut-size fragnents which appeared translucent o r t r a n s parent, with r e f l e c t i n g surfaces l i k e quartz c r y s t a l s ; s p a t t e r s of glass on rocks, e s p e c i a l l y on rocks on bottom of c r a t e r s ; and rocks shaped l i k e automobile d i s t r i b u t o r caps, which appeared t o be weathered o r eroded and sculptured a t t o p i n cyl&drical shape. Astronauts s a i d t h e y r e g r e t t e d not being able t o r e t r i e v e more lunar rocks and suggested t h a t future Apollo astronauts be equipped with e x t r a pocket or shoulder bag so t h e y could c o l l e c t i n t e r e s t i n g rocks a s they'saw them. (W Post, 8/7/69, ~ 4 AP, ; B Sun, 8/7/69, ~ 8 ) . D i s s a t i s f a c t i o n with substandard performance i n other p a r t s of society was "something worthwhile t h a t the Space Program is contributing t o t h e United States, " NASA Administrator, D r . Thomas 0 . Paine, said i n speech before National Press Club i n Washington, D.C. "I hope we �August 6 (continued) have spurred our society and our people t o demand higher performance, t o s e t bolder goals, and then t o have t h e gumption t o stand up before t h e whole world and demonstrate whether o r not t h e goals a r e achieved. I' Space program had a l s o t a u g h t "need f o r broadly e n l i s t i n g not only American capability, but t h e best people f'rom around t h e world w i l l i n g t o throw t h e i r competence' and a port ion of t h e i r careers i n t o challenging endeavors." It had "unleashed i n t h e 1960's t h e t a l e n t s ahd energies of a technological generation. " U. S. must continue "to put together bold prograws t h a t w i l l r e l e a s e t h e creative energies of our people i n product ive channels. " D r . Paine thought h i s t o r y would record a s "the great contribution o f our generation" astronauts ' blazing of " t r a i l f o r all f u t u r e generat i o n s of men who want to...conquer new worlds.... Through man's brains, energy and resources l i f e can--and l i f e w i l l - - e x t e n d it s e l f through t h e s o l a r system The lg80ts a r e very c l e a r l y t h e decade i n which both we and t h e Soviet Union, with reasonable-sized space programs i n t h e 1970's, w i l l develop a technological capability f o r landing on Mars. " I n response t o questions, D r . Paine said: "It seems c l e a r t o me that t h e r e a r e increasing opportuaities f o r a l l nations t o work together in space exploration and application. Certainly we and t h e Russians can and should cooperate more c l o s e l y . i n space science so our two programs can produce greater r e s u l t s than t h e simple sum of their outputs. 'I r ran script ) ... .... Future space p r o g r m was described by D r . George E. MuelLer, NASA Associate Administrat or f o r Manned Space Flight, before NationaL Space Club in Washington, D.C. Reusable nuclear vehicle t o s e r v e as space s h u t t l e between space s t a t i o n in e a r t h o r b i t and space s t a t i o n i n lunar o r b i t would be "final l i n k t h a t would permit us t o reduce t h e cost of operation t o something l i k e $200 f o r moving a pound of material from the e a r t h 1s surface t o t h e lunar surface and r e t m a s compared t o something l i k e $100 thousand a pound using today s techniques. Similar reductions i n t h e cost of tYansportation t o t h e earth o r b i t a l s t a t i o n w i l l permit us f o r t h e f i r s t time t o consider processing materials i n space, t o use space f o r t h e kind of laboratory work t h a t we now associate with ground-based laborat o r i e s . " By end of 1970s "we would f k d so many uses f o r operations i n synchronous o r b i t both f o r observing t h e universe and f o r observing t h e eazth t h a t we would have established a space s t a t i o n i n synchronous o r b i t which would be regularly supplied by a nuclear s h u t t l e system and which would provide us with d i r e c t t e l e v i s i o n broadcasting and d i r e c t r a d i o broadcasting t o the homes of a l l - p e o p l e in t h e world, a s well as providing u s with great s t e l l a r obsemrat o r i e s and a viewing platform �August 6 ( continued) f o r air t r a f f i c control, navigation and f o r a permanent weather watch; " . . . t h i s approach t o using space i s one that i s r e a d i l y extended, once t h e s h u t t l e c a p a b i l i t y has been developed, t o a corresponding approach f o r planetary exploration and...the same nuclear s h u t t l e system together with the space s t a t i o n modules need only t o be supplemented by a Mars landing module t o permit us t o c a r r y out t h e f i r s t manned planetary expedition t o Mars. 'I ( ~ e x)t August 7 : . s c i e n t i s t s a t SPL presented conflicting opinions on preliminary d a t a f'rom Mariner V'1 and Marber V I I flybys of W s . D r . George C, Pimentel and D r . Kenneth C. Herr of Univ. of California at Berkley s a i d d a t a f ram infrared spectrometer indicated presence of gaseous &nia and methaae i n Martian atmosphere. 'We a r e confident t h a t w e have detected s o l i d carbon dioxide t h a t i s not on t h e surface; t h a t i s , it i s suspended as a cloud above t h e polar cap. Our data are consistent with and suggest t h a t t h e polar cap i s composed of water i c e and probably not s o l i d carbon dioxide near t h e polar cap edge." If l i f e didexistonMars,theysaid, itcouldbe~inregionnearedgeofpolar icecap where "polar i c e provides a reservoir of water" and s o l i d carbon dioxide cloud "provides protection from u l t r a v i o l e t radiation. " D r . Gerry Neugebauer of C a l Tech s a i d t m p e r a t u r e of Mars was "strong circumstantial evidence that t h e polar caps are i n fact predominantly made of carbon dioxide." Infrared radiometer experiment, which measured temperatures on Martian surface, indicated t h a t temperat u r e of south polar cap was close t o -253°~--temperature a t which carbon dioxide would s o l i d i f y i n t h i n Martian atmosphere. W spectrometer experiment had found l a r g e amount of W radiation r e f l e c t e d from south polar icecap, indicating t h a t W light from sun was penetrating t h i n Martian atmosphere and reaching surface. D r . Charles Hord of Univ, of Colorado s a i d strong W r a d i a t i o n reaching surface "would destroy many of the important molecular bonds of organic compounds. I' If l i f e did e x i s t on Mars, he s a i d , it "must be p r e t t y strong stuff, 'I or it must have some means of protection against W rays. D r . Robert B. Leighton of C a l Tech s a i d one of most s t r i k i n g r e s u l t s of Mariner photos was indication of dynamic process occurring on Martian surface. Unlike r e s t of Martian surface, which was heavily cratered and closely resembled moon, Hellas area appeared t o be smooth and free of c r a t e r s . "Hellas i s t h e f i r s t non-lunar-like feature" ckiscovered by Mariner V11, he said. Apparently t h e r e was " a c t i v i t y in t h a t region which i s o b l i t e r a t i n g c m t e r s as fast as they are being f omed. " isho hop, WSJ, 8/8/69; Sullivan, E,8 / 8 / 6 9 , - 1; Lannan, W S t a r , 8/8/69, ~ 4 ) , ' �Lunar Receiving Laboratory s c i e n t i s t s presented first compreAugust 7: hensive report on preliminary study of lunar samples collected by Apollo U astronauts ; ~ x ~ e r & e nindicated ts t h e r e was no l i f e i n sample and t r a c e s of organic material reported earlier'were probably from a s t r o n a v t s t spacesuits and containers, ruaber gloves, and t o o l s used t o handle material. (Traces of hydrocarbons i n two samples of lunar dust had been reported Aug. 6) Autopsies performed on 48 mice i n j e c t e d with lunar dust and then k i l l e d had shown no signs of germs o r i l l n e s s . Detailed analyses of samples would begin i n l a t e September when material would be released from quarantine and d i s t r i b u t e d t o 146 principal. investigators i n 9 countries.' (AP, W Star, 8/8/69, A&; Sullivan, NyT, 8/7/69, 1 ) , Sen. Ralph W. Yarborough (D- ex. ) offered amendment t o X.R. ll271, FY 1970 NASA authorization b i l l , [see June 241 t o increase funds f o r NASA R&D and program management from amount reported by Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences t o amount passed by House. Increases would t o t a l $256.50 million i n R&D and $6.35 million i n research and program management. He said: ''My amendment authorizes t h e bare minimum t h a t we, a s a nation, should commit,to space. I t s adoption i s v i t a l t o t h e proper balance i n our national p r i o r i t i e s ; it i s v i t a l t o t h e f i t u r e of our exciting and promising space program; and it i s v i t a l , i n m y opinion, t o t h e i n t e r e s t s and well-being of our country. " 8/7/69, ~ 9 3 8 3 ) (s, . Washington Post published r e s u l t s of J& 26-28 Gallup survey, which found public lukewarm about Government f'undhg of manned Mars landing. While majority o f young a d u l t s favored idea, majority of those 30 o r over opposed it. Generally, 3% of those polled favored attempt t o land m a n on Mars, 5% opposed, and €$had no opinion. Blacks opposed by 3-to-1 r a t i o . (W Post, 8/7/69, ~ 4 ) .At White House dinner f o r West German Chancellor K u r t G. Kiesinger, D r . Wernher von Braun, MSC ~ i r e c t o r ,t o l d press p u t t i n g man on Mars by 1982 posed l e s s r i s k than putting man on moon because most technical problems had been solved. In time space t r a v e l would become commonplace, with spacecr& carrying passengers. On Martian surface man could move from home t o car or o f f i c e in completely controlled enviioment ( ~ h e lon, t W Post, 8/8/69, ~ 2 ) . . MSFC announced award of two contracts. Eight-month, $400,000 contract had been given t o General Dynamics Corp. t o study experiment mohules f o r proposed manned space station. Study, which would complement space s t a t i o n investigations being conducted by McDonnell Douglas Corp. and �August 7 (continued) North American RockweU Corp., would examine v a r i e t y of experiments s u i t a b l e f o r manned space s t a t ion, analyze s c i e n t i f i c and engineering communityls need f o r experiment modules, and develop concepts f o r l e a s t number of modules needed t o meet these requirements. Martin Marietta ~ o r p .had been awarded $1,170,030 contract t o f a b r i c a t e , t e s t , and d e l i v e r 15 Saturn V workshop r a t e gyro processors and 1module t e s t s e t and t o r e t r o f i t 22 Apallo Telescope MO& rategyro processors f o r Apollo Applications program. Work, expected t o t a k e 18 mos, would be done i n Orlando, Fla. (MSFC Release 69-172;. 69-173) ' With encouragement from President Nixon and Vice President Spiro T. Agnew, NASA had "begm dwuming ,up pressure f o r t h e huge sums required t o send men t o Mars i n t h e e a r l y 1-0 ' s ," New York Times e d i t o r i a l said. "But t h e l a t e s t Mariner information makes t h e probability of l i f e on Mars much l e s s than it seemed even a week ago, thus removing much of t h e o r i g i n a l motivation f o r such a project. The s h i f t of emphasis now proposed t o unmanned s a t e l l i t e s would be far cheaper; s c i e n t i f i c a l l y it would a l s o be far more p r d u c t i v e . (NYT, 8/7/69, 32) August 8-14: ZondVII automatic space s t a t i o n was launched b y U . S . S . R . from Baikonur with [ ~ o w e r f u cl a r r i e r rocket" and placed on free-return lunar t r a j e c t o r y from parking o r b i t . Tass s a i d mission objectives were t o study moon and near-lunar space further, photograph lunar surface, and t e s t improved onboard systems and design of "rocket -space complex. " All equipment was functioning normally. On Aug. 11 Tass announced t h a t spacecrafi had c b c l e d moon on f l i g h t plan similar t o t h a t of Zond V (launched Sept 15, 19681 and Zond V I (launched Nov. LO, 1968photographed lunar s u f a c e , and was returning t o earth. Zond VII reentered atmosphere by skipping across outer l a y e r s of atmosphere t o reduce its entry speed and then descended and softlanded in predetermined area aear Kustanay in northern KazakhstanAug. 14. SBD, 8/ll/69, 120-1; 8/18/69, 152; E,8/9/69, 25; 8/12/69, 6; 8 w 6 9 , 14; GSFC, SSR, 8/15/69) . August 8 : NASA announced selection of Heliodyne Corp. and Wolf Research and Development Corp. f o r f i n a l negotiations leading t o one-year, $1-million, cost -plus-award-f ee contract with two 9ne -year opt ions t o operate National Space Science Data Center a t GSFC. (NASA Release 69-118) �A y s t 8 : I n Washington Daily News, Sen. Everett T. Dirksen (R-IU. ) said: Unknowing voices clamor t o u s , t o give up t h e search 'into t h e own. They ask us t o spend'the money on things here on earth. They ask f o r something t h a t already has been done. Where do you t h i n k t h e money i s spent t h a t sent Apollo U t o the moon? It wasnt t spent on t h e moon. There a r e no creatures t h e r e t o benefit from t h e b i l l i o n s spent t o ' f i n a l l y land Neil Armstrong and h z z Aldrin i n t h e Sea of T r m q u i l i t y . The money w a s spent here on earth, where it enriched t h e laborers, t h e craftsmen, t h e technicians, t h e engineers, the scientists--and t h e i r neighborhoods. . I t enriched t h e millions and millions of people who always benefit from industry.. ( W News, 8/8/69, 23) .." . Washinp$on Post e d i t o r i a l : "There was a c e r t a i n l o g i c in playing down t h e purely s c i e n t i f i c aspects of t h e Apollo program i n t h e past since t h e e f f o r t was t o land men on t h e moon before t h e Russians did. But t h a t day i s past. The s c i e n t i s t s of space, as .contrasted with i t s engineers and technicians, have been forced i n t o t h e back s e a t of t h e manned space program. It i s time now t o make them t h e navigators. The choice of missions--for f'uture flights t o t h e moon and f o r future operations t h a t w i l l l e a d some day t o a t r i p t o Mars and eventually other planets--should be l a r g e l y i n t h e i r hands. They, far b e t t e r t h a n t h e men who created t h e hardware and t h e knowledge necessary t o make space t r a v e l possible, know t h e areas most ap r o p r i a t e f o r explorat i o n i n terms of gaining knowledge." ( W Fost, 818 69) 7 August 9-15: NASA s OSO VI (OSO-G)Orbiting Solar Observatory was success fully launched from ETR a t 3:52 am EDT by two-stage Delta N booster t o study sun and its influence on e a r t h ' s atmosphere. Orbital parameters : apogee, 348.0 m i (560 km) ; perigee, 307.6 m i (495 km) ; period, 95.2 min; and i n c l i n a t i o n , 32.96'. Primary mission objective was t o obtain highr e s o l i ~ t i o nspectra3 data from pointed experiments i n 10-20 k w range and 12-1,300 I? range during one solar r o t a t ion -and make r a s t e r scans of s o l a r d i s c in selected wavelengths. Spacecraft; would obtain usef'd data *om nonpointed experiments and from pointed experiments f o r more than one s o l a r r o t a t i o n f o r extended observations o f single l i n e s and solar flares. OSO V I w a s spin s t a b i l i z e d , weighed 640 l b s , c a r r i e d seven experiments, was designed with six-month l i f e t i m e , and had two main sections-wheel (lower), which carried nondirect ional scanning experiments and basic support equipment, and sail (upper), which c a r r i e d pointed experiments. It was similar t o previous OSOs but had unique capability which enabled two s u - p o i n t i n g telescopes t o study In d e t a i l W and'x-ray spectra a t any point on s o l a r d i s c and would provide g r e a t e r knowledge �A -u p s t 9-15 (continued) of sol= atmosphere (chromosphere) as well a s outermost l a y e r (corona) v i s i b l e only through special instruments o r during t o t a l s o l a r eclipse. Experiments, designed t o continue and extend work of preceding OSO spacecraft, were provided by Karvard College Observatory, Naval Research Laboratory, Rutgers Univ, Los Alamo s S c i e n t i f i c Laboratories Univ. of New Mexico, Univ. of Bologna, and University College (London). Both t a p e r e c o e e r s were operating at lif'toff and were s*iU operating s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . Spscecraft s t a b i l i z e d and acquired sun a s scheduled s h o r t l y af%er entering o r b i t . By Aug. 15 all experiments had been turned on and were operat ing s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . . Two minor anomalies- -bigher than planned use of current by motor t h a t provided. f i n e elevation pointing and lower than expected spacecraft operating temperature--were not expected t o a f f e c t spacecraft operat ion adversely. OSO VI was seventh i n s e r i e s of eight OSO spacecraft designed t o provide d i r e c t observation of sun during most of U-yr s o l a r cycle. OSO I (launched March 7 , 1962) and OSO I1 (launched Feb. 3, 1965) had surpassed t h e i r six-month design l i f e t i m e s and together provided more than 8,600 hrs of s c i e n t i f i c information, OSO-C (launched Aug. 25, 1965) had f a i l e d t o reach o r b i t when booster malfunctioned. OSO I11 (launched March 8, 1967) and OSO IV (launched Oct 18, 1967) continued operating s a t i s f a c t o r i l y , each providing 7% hs of real-time data d a i l y . OSO V (launched Jan. 22, 1969) had both tape recorders and seven of eight experiments operating s a t i s f a c t o r i l y a f t e r s i x months i n o r b i t . # OSO program was managed by GSFC under OSSA d i r e c t i o n . (NASA Proj Off; NASA Releases 69-U2, 69-123) , , ' . August 9 : "Scientists who have long f e l t t h a t t h e i r r o l e was secondary to t h a t of engineers i n the Apol10,project" were complaining openly and trying t o force greater emphasis on science in planning future lunar landing missions, John Noble Wilford reported in New York Times. "Their argument i s t h a t , wlth t h e success of Apollo 11, t h e p r o j e c t ' s goal should be t o l e a r n a s much as possible about t h e moon and not merely t o repeat t h e demonstration that moon landings a r e possible." D r . Elbert A. Xing, curator of Lunar Receivjng Laboratory, had s a i d i n interview t h a t NASA Administration d i d n o t have "enough sympathy with, o r understanding o f , s c i e n t i f i c o b j e c t i v e s . " Casting science i n "piggyback role" f o r f i r s t manned lunar landing was understandable, he said. "No one r e a l l y c r i t i c i z e s that, because ...ge t t i n g men t o t h e moon and back had t o be a massive engineering e f f o r t . Eu-t now t h a t we have accomplished t h a t g o d , t h e j u s t i f i c a t i o n f o r .future lunar exploration i s l a r g e l y science. .There has t o be a s h i f t of emphasis," S c i e n t i s t s were pressing f o r m r e a c t i v e r o l e i n mission �August 9 (continued) planning, r e t u r n of l a r g e r amounts of lunar samples, s e l e c t i o n of s c i e n t i s t s f o r f l i g h t crews, and more time between missions i n which t o evaluate data f o r application t o future experiments. (Q, 8110169, 4-41 S o v i e t s c i e n t i s t Dr. Valery A. fiasheninnikev and academician D r . Aleksandr P. L i s i t z i n had returned t o San Diego from 55 d;iys with U.S. Deep Sea Drilling Project aboard d r i U i n g ship Glomar Challenaer convinced their findings were "more important t o man than the sample's from t h e moon, " Associated Press reported. Concentrated d r F l l i n g between Honolulu and Guam had produced rocks and sedimentary cores showing microorganisms in perfect s t a t e of p r e s e m t i o n . They might provide h i s t o r y of e a r t h ' s creation. Project was cooperative venture of Scripps I n s t i t u t i o n of Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic I n s t i t u t i o n , Lamont Geological Observatory of Columbia Univ., Univ. of Miami I n s t i t u t e of Marine Science, and Univ. of Washiwon. (g, 8/10/69, 45) , August 10: Apollo ll Astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. and Michael Collins and 20 other persons quarantined in Lunar Receiving Laboratory were released s h o r t l y a f t e r 10.00 p EDT--four hours e a r l i e r then planned. Dr. Charles A. Berry, Director of Medical Research and Operations, MSC, s a i d astronawts, who had been confined since July 24, showed no signs of any possible infection f r o m exposure t o moon. He cautioned t h a t astronauts might become iU a f t e r release- -not from lunar contamination, but from e a r t h organisms t o which they were highly susceptible a f t e r long period of i s o l a t i o n . Report on h e a l t h of persons under quarantine would be p r e s e n t e d b y NASA Aug. l l t o Inter-Agency Committee on Back Contamination, which had ap roved early release. ( ~ e h l s t e d t ,B Sun, 8/ll/69, Al; AP, W Post, 8710/69,.A7) . NA&4 had assured Post Office D C p t . t h a t master dkk for 10-cent moon landing commemorative stamp [see July g] .had gone all t h e way t o lunar surface as planned, It had returned t o e a r t h i n CM and been n t w a t i o n a t MSC. rushed t o Washington, D.C., July 31 a f t e r d e c-o..L However, moon l e t t e r envelope with d i e proof of' moon landing stamp had not been postmarked on lunar surface. %cause of t i g h t schedule f o r l u n a r EVA, l e t t e r had been l e f t with Astronaut Michael Collins i n CM Columbia --while Astronauts Neil A. Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., worked on moon. " M O O ~Landing" postmark had been applied during r e t u r n voyage. L e t t e r had been decontaminated at MSC and returned t o Postmaster General Winton M. Blount Aug. 5 . ( ~ a h i e s ,W -' Star 8/10/69, ~11) �August 10 : William fines i n Washington Sunday S t a r s a i d time was "ripe" f o r NASA reorganization, "not merely t h e firing, promoting and t r a n s f e r r i n g of o f f i c i a l s , but t h e f'unctional r e s t r u c t u r i n g of t h e agency as well. " There was some suspicion t h a t no place e x i s t e d f o r Dr. Thomas 0. Paine, N4SA Administrator, who was "not only a Johnsonadministration holdover, but a card-carrying Democrat as w e l l . " Some observers believed Apollo 8 Astronaut Fralik b m a n , "the. Pre sidenk ' s current d a r l i n g and space confidant," m i & t be s e x t NASA Administrator. "The i d e a of p u t t in@; a s t r o n a u t s i n charge of t h e space program may seem inzongruous, but it i s c l e a r l y not beyond t h e realm of p o s s i b i l i t y i n t h e imsge-conscious Nixon regime. If Paine ' s f a t e would determine t h a t of Associate Admini s t rat o r f o r Manned Space F l i g h t , D r . George E. Mueller. With lunar landing, Apollo had changed from developmental t o operational e f f o r t . Christoper C. Kraft D i r e c t o r of F l i g h t m e r a t i o n s a t MSC, would l i k e l y t r a ~ s f e rt o 'dashington as Apollo Program Manager- -pos s i b l y "corrtrolling all space missions f o r NASA." Hines saw p o s s i b i l i t y of ApoLlo P m g r m Deputy Director, George H. Hage' s moving i n t o p o s i t ion being vacated by L/G Samuel C. P h i l l i p s , Apollo Program Director, who was r e j o i n i n g USAF. "George M. Low, Apollo chief at Houston, may replace t h e Houston Center d i r e c t o r , Robert R. G i l r u t h , i f Gilruth can be p r e v a i l e d uFon t o r e t i r e . " There was t a l k about moving MSC Director D r . Wernher von Braw t o Washington "to do what he does b e s t : c b r m money out of Congress." Dr. K u r t H. Debus, KSC Director', "may S t a r , 8/10/69, &) r e t i r e t o mz.ke way f o r Rocco Petrone. . " (W - , .. . Space program spinoffs of medical b e n e f i t t o ma-rlkind were &scribed by Howard A. Rusk, M.D., i n New York Times. NASA's S c i e n t i f i c Information Div. provided s t o c k p i l e of knowledge indexed i n coaputer t a p e s and d i s t r i b d t e d on microfiche. Collection o f 250,030 do:uments increased by approximately 75,OX items annually, NASA Technical U t i l i z a t i o n Div. s e l e c t e d inventions, ideas, and new techniques f o r use i n nonaerospsce a c t i v i t i e s , including medicine, asd d i s t r i b u t e d them through e i g h t r e g i o n a l c e n t e r s . Under interagency agreement, NASA and HEW S o c i a l and R e h a b i l i t a t i o n Services Administ rat ion reported r e s u l t s of aerospace research t o solve problems of 4 m i l l i o n p h y s i c a l l y o r mentally disabled Awricarls of working age. Research had developed technique f o r sharpening x-rays, microme"ueorite sensor t o record Parkinsonian tremors, and technique f o r applying electrodes with spray of conductive m a t e r i a l . (g, 8110169, 55) �Aulqust 10~ History of J e t Propulsion Laboratory from 1936, "when t h e crazy s c i e n t i s t s under. . D r . Theodore von K & r m h lit o f f one of t h e i r rockets i n the. dry gulch c a l l e d t h e Arroyo Seco," t o current time, when "JPL1s s i g h t s a e s e t a l i t t l e higher--and f a r t h e r o u t , " was t r a c e d by John Lannan i n Washington Sunday Star. JPL controlled NASA Deep Space Network with j u r i s d i c t i o n over space e f f o r t s 10,000 . m i from e a r t h and be-yond, though i t s Goldstone f a c i l i t y ,also had p a r t i c i p a t e d wlth GSFC i n support of Apollo 11. Its space f l i g h t operation facility was "actual d i r e c t o r a t e " for handling cosmic penetration fli,ght s. . It was currently gearing f o r Martian Orbiter s e r i e s i n 1971 and f o r 19'73 Viking Landers. Future h e l d p o s s i b i l i t i e s of developing and d i r e c t i n g missions leading to Grand Tour of planets. JPL was owned by Federal dovernment and s t a f f e d and operated by C a l Tech. (W -9S t a r 8/10/69, ~ 3 ) + . . George Gallup released r e s u l t s of f i r s t p o l l of President Nixonfs populaxity since A p U o 11 success. P o l l showed 6% of U. S. public approved h i s performance i n of'fice. P o l l July 11-14, before frpollo J l mission, had shown 58% approval. (W Post, 8 / ~ / 6 9 ~, 2 ) - . Apollo 11 had opened vast market f o r medals, tokens, and p i n s t o c o l l e c t o r s who specialized i n commemorative pieces, New York Times said. Medals issued by s e v e r a l countries a f t e r ApoUo 8 were "few compared t o t h e meteoric shower of commemoratives f o r t h e moon landing." ~ e d a by l Ralph J. Menconi portrayed ApolLo l l astronauts on face side; reverse showed Astronauts Neil A . Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin, J r . , with L! on l u n a r surface and e a r t h i n background. Medal designed i n U.K. by Paul Vincze depicted astronaut on lunar surface and names of Apollo ll astronauts, with reverse showing f i g u r e of Hermes holding winged staff of f l i g h t and o l i v e branch and Saturn V i n background. ( ~ a n e y ,E, 8/10/69) . New York Times advertisement a n n m c e d a v a i l a b i l i t y of Apollo ll: On the Moon, magazine-size s p e c i a l edifiion with s t o r y of A o U o 11mission and color photographs, presented by Times and Look. ( h / d g , 66) August U : Rep. George P. Miller ( D - c a l i f . ) , Chairman of House Committee on Science and Astronautics, t o l d House: "...I do not a t this time wish t o commit ourselves t o a s p e c i f i c time period for s e t t i n g s a i l for Wrs. I believe t h a t t h e r e a r e rnsny t a s k s t h a t can be accomplished t h a t w i l l u l t i m a t e l y provide t h a t capability, but w i l l be l e s s c o s t l y and will be necessary i n meetin@; short term objectives." He urged p r i o r i t y a t t e n t i o n t o intermediate s t e p s and balanced program "that f u U y e x p l o i t s t h e great �August l l (continued) p o t e n t i a l of unmanned spacecrart, while a t t h e same time maiitaining ,a vigorous manned flight prograni. " He advocated continuation of lunar exploration t o obtain "experience of operating a base f o r science and exploration on another' heavenly body"; manned earth-orbit a1 o'perations leading t o long-term space s t a t ion, supported by low-cost s h u t t l e rocket; greater 'emphasis on applications s a t e l l i t e s t h a t "have t h e greatest p o t e n t i a l for economic r e t ~ ni n t h e near term"; l a r g e r runding f o r unmanned planetary exploration, "aarea i n which the U.S. may soon be overshadowed by t h e Soviet Union"; continued NEFVA development because "improved propulsion i s a key t o space leadership"; and "special emphasis on'ERS s a t e l l i t e s , "which promise t o y i e l d so much. . t o agriculture and ind'ustry. " ( ~ e x;t CR, 8 / ~ / 6 9 , ~251-4) . . - . . Sen. J. W i l l i a m U b r i g h t ( D - h k . ) t o l d senate: "It would be a major s t e p forward if we could now negotiate a newspace t r e a t y which would go beyond t h e disavowal of national claims of sovereignty i n t h e e x i s t i n g t r e a t y and e x p l i c i t l y recognize t h e United Nations as t h e 'owner' o r sovereign of e x b r a t e r r e s t r i a l bodles and a l s o define t h e functions and r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s of a United Nations space authority, p a r t i c u l a r l y the ways i n which it would regulate and coordinate national space exploration programs. The o v e r a l l obJective of such a t r e a t y would be t o regulate but not eliminate t h e competition i n space. One benefit of such an arrangement i s t h a t it would alIow the space powers t o reduce t h e i r expenditures and so r e a l l o c a t e f b d s t o more pressing domestic and h t e r n a t i o n a l requirements." (CR, 8/31/69, ~ 9 6 3 3 ) . On f i r s t day out of quarantine, Apollo 11 crew v i s i t e d MSC o f f i c e s , then enjoyed o f f i c i a l day off. NASA spokesman s a i d astronauts had requested t h e i r a c t i v i t i e s be kept s e c r e t . (WI, W Post, 8/12/69, 113) . Approximately nine hours of s a t e l l i t e t h e had been booked f o r T V coverage abroad of ApoUo U astronaut events during coming week, ComSatCorp said. They included more than two h d u r s - l i v e coverage-of Aug. 1 2 MSC news 'conference, t o be relayed via ~ n t e l s a t - 1 1 1 F-2 t o West e m and Eastern m o p e and, in part, t o Tokyo a d Sydney v i a fa'cific Intelsat-111 F-4. Nearly two hours coverage of New York t i c k e r tape parade and v i s i t t o U.N. would be transmitted t o Europe Aug. Ceremonial dinner in h s Angeles, l a t e r i n day, would be taped f o r transmission t o Europe Aug. 14. ( ~ o r n S a t ~ o rRelease p 69-50) u. �Auqust 11: New York Times e d i t o r i a l : "On t h a t eventful day when the f i r s t men walk on t h e surface of Mars, they w i l l f i n d much 'magnificent desolat i o n ' akin t o t h a t seen by Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin when they s t r o l l e d on t h e moon l a s t month. That virtual c e r t a i n t y emerges f r o m t h e brilliantly successful exploration 'of the red planet j u s t completed by Mariners 6 and 7. Their expedition lacked the hman drma of Apollo U, but t h e s c i e n t i f i c information they returned may well q u a l i f y t h e two Mariners a s t h e most s c i e n t i f i c a l l y productive enterprise men 'have yet c a r r i e d out i n space. " (E, 8/ll/69) . Subcommittee on NASA Oversight submitted t o House Committee on Science and Astronautics report ~ n g i n e e r i nManagement ~ of Design and Construct ion of F a c i l i t i e s of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Report concluded closer economic scrutiny of design and construction management a t NASA executive l e v e l could "yield dividends i n more e f f i c i e n t management and lower costs at t h e f i e l d centers." Organization o f Office of F a c i l i t i e s was "progressive step. " Cost accounting of administ r a t ive expenditures needed t o be improved and engineering management costs should be c l e a r l y i d e n t i f i e d f o r all. projects a t a l l centers. Relative cost effectiveness' should be one of t h e basic c r i t e r i a in a choice among management systems. " Army Corps of Engineers and on-site space contractors were " p a r t i c u l a r l y well adapted to.managing l a r g e construct i o n , " f o r post-Apollo program i f new missions required new f a c i l i t i e s but, i n small o r diminishing f a c u i t i e s construction program, there was advantage in concentrating management a t centers in in-house c i v i l service s t a f f s . Better project i d e n t i f i c a t i o n was needed. Design and construction management record was creditable, but could be improved, "especially in design supervision." ( ~ e x k ) ... August 12-18 : ' NASA s 951-lb ATS V (ATS-E)Applications Technology S a t e l l i t e was launched from ETR a t 7 :01 am EDT by Atlas (SLV-3~)-Centaur booster on mission t o conduct carefully instrumented gravity-gradient -orientation experiment f o r basic design Gformation on s t a b i l i z a t i o n and control of long-lived spacecraft i n synchronous o r b i t and t o obtain useful data f'rom onboard experiments d u r b g f i r s t 30 days in o r b i t . Spacecraft successfully entered e l l i p t i c a l t r a n s f e r o r b i t with 26,737.2-mi (43,020.2-lan) apogee, 5,297.0-mi (8,522.9-km) perigee, 686.5-min.period, and 17. go inclination. Because of anomaly which required excessive f i e 1 t o $ l a d a b s t a b l e spin condition, apogee-kick motor &s fired on f i r s t apogee, anstead of second, and spacecraft had t o be biased so it would d r i f t f r a m p o s i t i o n over h d i a t o intended s t a t i o n over area west of Ecuador. Maneuver s u c c e s s f d l y placed ATS V i n t o near-synchronous o r b i t with 22,gq-mi + . �-A s t 12-18 (continued) 36,899.5-h) apogee, 22,221-mi (35,753.6-lan) perigee, 1,464..0-min period, 2.7'' inclination, and 6. go per day westward drift. Active nut a t ion control was overpowered by m i d e n t ified force t h a t caused spacecraft t o go i n t o f l a t spin, preventing ejection of motor case w i t h o u t p o s s i b i l i t y o f d a m a g e t o spacecraft. Controllerswere . invest i g a t h g a l t e r n a t i v e s - - stopping spacecraft spin, r e s t o r i n g space craft; t o normal spin mode, o r minimizing ejection hazard--which could be executed Aug, 25 when spacecraft became v i s i b l e t o Rosman, N.C., ground s t a t i o n . . Spacecraft was not i n danger thermally o r electronic a l l y and was expected t o become s t a b l e and operational a f t e r successf u l e j e c t i o n of kick motor. ATS V was fif'th i n s e r i e s of seven ATS s a t e l l i t e s designed t o investigate and f l i g h t - t e s t t echnological developments common t o number of s a t e l l i t e applications and usef uL t o s a t e l l i t e s operating i n st a t ionary o r b i t s , conduct c a r e f u l l y instrumented gravity-gradient experiments f o r basic design informat ion, and f l i g h t - t e s t experiments peculiar t o or'dit s ' of various missions, ATS I (launched Dec. 6, 1966) had exceeded t e s t objectives and was st ill operating s a t i s f a c t o r i l y ATS 11: (launched A p r i l 5, l%7), though judged a f a i l u r e because of eccerrtric o r b i t , had transmitted some useful data before being turned off Oct 23, 1957. ATS TI1 (launched Nov. 5, 1967') had operated successrully and transmitted color photos of earth. ATS IV (launched Aug. LO, 1968) had remained i n parking o r b i t when Centaur f a f i e d t o coaplete second burn and had reentered Oct. 17, 1968, ATS program was managed by GSFC under OSSA direction. (MSA Proj off) - . . , . August 12: Apollo 11Astronauts Neil A , Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin, J r . , and Michael Collins held f i r s t p o s t f l i g h t press conference a t MSC, narrating 45 -min film of mission and answering questions. On meaning of lunar landing, Collins said it was "technical triumph for t h i s country t o have s a i d what it was going t o do a number of years ago, and then by golly do it. J u s t l i k e we s a i d we were going t o do. Not j u s t ...purely technical, but also a triumph of t h e n a t i o n ' s o v e r a l l determination, will, economy, a t t e n t i o n t o d e t a i l , and a thousand .md one other f a c t o r s t h a t went i n t o i t . " To Aldrin mission meant "that many other problems perhaps can be solved i n t h e same way by taking a cornxitment t o solve them in long thne fashion. I think t h a t we were. timely i n accepting t h i s mission of going t o t h e moon, It might be timely at t h i s point t o t h i n k i n many other areas of other missions t h a t could be accomplished." Armstrong s a i d moon landing heralded " b e g i m h g of a new age." He said moon was "stark and strangely d i f f e r e n t place, but it looked �A u g u s t 1 2 (continued) friendly. and proved t o be friendly. " Astronauts had much l e s s trouble than expected on lunar surface'. Primary d i f f i c u l t y was t h a t "there was .. j u s t f a r too l i t t l e time t o do t h e v a r i e t y .of things t h a t we would have l i k e d t o have done.... We had t h e problem o f t h e 5 year o l d boy i n a candy store. There a r e j u s t t o o many i n t e r e s t i n g t h h g s t o do. " . Armstrong s a i d t h a t during landing they "were concerned about running low on fie1 on range extension we d i d t o avoid the boulder f i e l d and c r a t e r s . We used a significant percentage of our f u e l margins and we were quite close t o our l e g a l limit." On p o s s i b i l i t y of abort during period they were receiving alarm signals, Aldrin said procedure in preparation simulations had been always t o "keep going as long a s we could. The computer was cont h u h g t o issue @dance. .and it was continuing t o f l y t h e vehicle down i n .the same way t h a t it w a s programmed t o do. The only thing t h a t was missing i s t h a t we d i d not have some of t h e displays.. .and we had t o make several e n t r i e s . . . t o c l e a r up t h a t area. " Armstrong added, "We would have continued t h e landing so long as the t r a j e c t o r y seemed safe. And landing i s possible under these conditions although with considerably l e s s confidence than you have when you have t h e information from t h e ground and t h e computer i n i t s normal manner a v a i l a b l e t o you." (Transcript) ... . ... . Leningrad astronomer Nikolay Kozyrw called f o r lunar l a b o r a t o r i e s over, under, and on moon's surface. Soviet and American space exploration had made s c i e n t i s t s "more confident t h a t t h i s i s not a dead accumulation of rocks but a space body with a very i n t e r e s t i n g h i s t o r y whose l i f e a l s o continues today. " Lunar -research goals were establishment of a s t r o nomical instruments on s t a b l e platforms i n lunar o r b i t , permanent s c i e n t i f i c laboratory on moon, spacecraft launching centers on moon f o r planetary exploration, and laboratory s t a t i o n s under lunar surface or i n n a t u r a l caves, ",to give r e l i a b l e protection from dangerous r a d i a t i o n and meteorite h i t s . " (UPI, E, 8/13/69, U ) . MSFC announced award of $15,455,800 contract rnodlfication t o b e i n g Co. f o r continued Saturn V systems engtneering and integration. Contract covered work from June 1967 through June 1970 and continued e f f o r t through 10 Saturn V boosters. (MSFC Release 69-177) . New Jersey S t a t e Div. of Clean A i r and Water requested order from Superior Court, Newark, asking seven a i r l i n e s t o stop polluting a i r with j e t engine exhaust a t Newark ~ i r p o r t . Suit c u e d f o r modificat ion of e x i s t i n g j e t engines with a i r - p o l l u t ion-control devices' o r f o r switching t o new smokeless engines and asked imposition of $2,500 f i n e . In Washington, A i r Trans.oort Assn, spokesman s a i d t h a t "it �August 1 2 (continued) would be hard t o make R case f o r massive r e t r o f i t with the absence o f a major h e a l t h hazard. " He said studies had shown that j e t engine pollution was,only one percent of t o t a l problem and was case of " v i s i b i l i t y " and " e s t h e t i c s " r a t h e r than health danger. United Airlines spokesman said November 1968 engine modifications t o t h r e e of a i r l i n e ' s Boeing 727s had sharply decreased pollution. ( ~ u l l i v a n ,IWT, 8/13/69, 1) . Philadelphia Evening Bulletin e d i t o r i a l : "The public ceremonies honoring t h e astronauts underscores i d e n t i t y i n a l a r g e r and much more responsible sense--a f e e l i n g of coa-nunity, rooted i n a family and expanding t o embrace t h e nation, perhaps ultimately t h e world. There are other words f o r it-awareness of a common purpose, a--sense of decency both public and p r i v a t e , a common standard of behavior and a c m n sense of service and l o y a l t y t o country. T h i s i s what made Apollo succeed, and this i s what t h e nation i s recognizing a s t h e celebration begins today, " (P Bull, 8/12/69) NERVA experimental engine (XE) was successfully run through two August 13: boot stTap s t a r t u p s i n open-loop control and t'hree a u t o s t a r t experiments in Jackass F l a t s , Nev. Objective was t o obtain additional data abuk engine in starbup phase. Engine and t e s t f a c i l i t y operated normally and a l l t e s t objectives were achieved. (NASA -02 ' o f f ; E,9/2/69, 4) Apollo ll Astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. , ~ i c h a e l CoSlins, t h e i r families, and NASA Administrator, D r . Thomas 0. Paine, flew i n p r e s i d e n t i a l j e t fYoa Houston t o New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles during day of cross-country celebrations. Three-hour New York v i s i t included greeting a t City H a l l by Major John V. Lindsay, motorcade t o U.N. f o r greeting by U.N. Secretary General U Thant, and ticker-tape procession -to John F. Kennedy International Airport for departure t o Cinicago. Party was more than half hour ahead of schedule. New York Public Events Commissioner John S. P a h e r estimated crowds a t 4 million; other observers said t h e r e were fewer and blamed off-schedule appearance and TV coverage. I n Chicago, welcoming crowd was e s t h a t ed a t 3.5 million. Major Richard J. Daley greeted party at Civic Center and presented medals symbolic of honorary citizenship t o astronauts and D r . Paipe. I l l i n o i s Gov. Richard B. Ogilvie said, "To these f i r s t c i t i z e n s of the new epoch, t h e people of Chicago and I l l i n o i s o f f e r t h e i r profound admiration and respect." Astronauts spoke t o 15,003 young people i n Grant Park before returning by helicopter t o OtHare . International Airport f o r flight t o b s Angeles. �August 1 3 (continued) Mayor Samuel W. Yorty met party a t Los Angeles I n t e r n a t i o n a l Airport. After b r i e f ceremony, p a r t y sped t o century Plaza Hotel f o r reception pneceding s t a t e dinner. ( ~ e l y v e l d ,g, 8/14/69, 1; Obedorfer, W Post, 8/14/69, A l ; NASA PAO) - . Climaxing day of cross-country celebrations, President and Mrs. Mixon hosted formal s t a t e dinner a t Century plaza Hotel i n Los ~ n ~ e i teos honor A ~ o l l ol l astronauts, t h e i r wives, and " h i s t o r i c achievement of the f i r s t m~nnedlanding on t h e . moon. " Guests included other astronauts and wives; widows of Astronauts Virgil I. Grissom and Edward H. White 11; Mrs. Esther Goddard, widow of rocket pioneer D r . Robert H. Goadard; NASA and other space pmgram o f f i c i a l s ; U.S. and i n t e r n a t i o n a l a v i a t i o n pionee'rs; Cabinet rnmbers; Chief J u s t i c e and Mrs. Warren E. Burger; governors of 44 s t a t e s ; members of J o i n t Chiefs of Staff; Diplonatic Corps members representing 83 nations; Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower, widow of former President; former Vice President and Mrs. Hubert H. Humphrey; and Congressional leaders. President asked NASA Administrator, D r . .Thonas 0. Paine, t o read c i t a t i o n of posthumous awards : "The National. Aeronautics and Space Administrat ion awards posthumously t o V i r g i l I. Gris som, Edward H. White, and Roger B. Chaffee t h e IUSA,Distinguished Service Medals f o r professional skill, courage, and dedication t o duty i n Project ApoUo. They gave t h e i r l i v e s in t h e i r country's h i s t o r i c undertaking t o r e a l i z e t h e g o a l of landing men on t h e moon and returning them safely t o earth. " President a l s o asked D r . Paine t o read c i t a t i o n of NASA Group Achievement Award t o Apollo 1l Mission Operat ions Team "for e x c e p t i o n d service in planning and exemplary execution of mission operational r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s for. f i r s t manned lunar landing rnis sion. " Award was presented t o ApoUo Flight Control Engineer Stephen G. Bales, who had made decision t o proceed with lunar landing when computers f a i l e d j u s t before Eagle ' s landing on Sea of Tranquility, on behalf of 400,000 persons who had contributed t o Apollo pmgram sirccess. Vice President Spiro T. Agnew, as NASC c h a i m n , presented Medal of Freedom, nation's highest civilian honor, t o b o l l 0 U astronauts f o r p a r t i c i p a t i o n in "a unique and profoundly important adventure. The accumulated s c i e n t i f i c knowledge and technological a b i l i t y of mankind made man's f i r s t step on t h e moon practicable; t h e courage and s k i l l of men l i k e these made it possible. Their contributions t o t h i s undertaking w i l l be remembered so long as men wonder and dream and search f o r t r u t h on t h i s planet and among the s t a r s . " , . .. �August 1 3 (continued) Feplying t o honors, Astronaut Edwin E. A l d r i n , Jr,, said : "What Apollo h a s begun we hope will spread out in many d i r e c t i o n s , not j u s t i n space, but underneath t h e seas and in t h e c i t i e s , t o t e n u s unforg e t t a b l y t h a t we can do what we w i l l and must and want t o do." During evening orderly crowd of peace and antipoverty p r o t e s t o r s gathered o u t s i d e h o t e l . (PD, 8/18/69, ~ 4 1 - 2 , U48-51; Roberts, . NYT 6/15/69, 1 4 ; B 8/14/69, Al) sun, . -J MSFC announced award of t h r e e 10-mo c o n t r a c t s t o t a l i n g $1,370,000 t o McDonnell ~ o u ~ l Corp. is North American Rockwell Corp. and Lockheed , , A i r c r a f t Corp. t o study design concepts and development requirements f o r nuclear rocket stage t h a t could replace Saturn V 3rd stage (S-IVB) f o r advanced missions beginning i n l a t e 1970s and servc as workhorse f o r e a r t h o r b i t a l and planetary applications. McDonneU Douglas received $570,828 t o develop and evaluate two a l t e r n a t i v e stage concepts--one with modified Saturn V hardware, other w i t h new stage design and advanced design techniques. NAR received $5U,734 t o study modified Saturn V hardware .concept only and Lockheed received $287,030 t o study advanced design concept only. (MSFC Release 69-180) . New York Times e d i t o r i a l on Aug. 1 2 Apollo U news conference i n Houston: "What came through most c l e a r l y i n yesterday's e n t h r a l l i n g f i r s t - h a n d r e p o r t by t h e ~ ~ 6 1 1a s0t r o n a u t s was-the i n f i n i t e s i m a l margin by which Eagle escaped e i t h e r catastrophe o r a decision t o abort t h e Boon landing; E i t h e r o f t h e two major problems t h a t emerged i n those nerve-wracking moaents before touchdown--the overburdened computer and t h e near-exhaust i o n of t h e i r f u e l supply before Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin found a s u i t a b l e landing spot--might have forced a very d i f f e r e n t ending t o t h e h i s t o r i c mission. T h a t all turned out p e r f e c t l y i s a t r i b u t e t o t h e a s t r o n a u t s ' s k i l l , courage and poise as well a s t o t h e a b i l i t y of t h e back-up personnel a t Mission Control i n Houston." (E, 8/13/69, 40) . Apollo ll comwsnder N e i 1 . A . Armstrong stood t o i n h e r i t 100,W3-franc f o r t u n e of m e . Anna E . Guzman, widow of French i n d u s t r i a l i s t , which had been held i n t r u s t by Academy of Science o f I n s t i t u t e of France since h e r 1891 death, according t o a r t i c l e Rep. Janes G. N t o n (R-pa.) i n s e r t e d i n Conqressional Record. Legacy--once worth $20,030 but c u r r e n t l y decreased ix value t o $290 exclusive of interest--was t o be awarded t o f i r s t s c i e n t i s t t o mnke personal contact with heavenly body o t h e r t h a n Mars. (CZ, 8/13/69, ~ 7 0 2 3 ) �August 13: In Senate, Sen. William P r o m i r e (D- is.) called f o r a t l e a s t temporary halt in USAF plans t o purchase Lockheed C-5A cargo a i r c r a f t while U. S Comptroller General studied a i r c r a f t ' s c o s t s and value t o be gaihed from f u r t h e r purchases. 8/13/69, ~ 9 4 2 - 8 ) . (s, . Rep. J. Herbert Burke (R- la. ) introduced j o i n t resolution c a l l i n g f o r redesignat ion of Cape Kennedy a s Capo Canaveral. (CR, 8/13/69, ~ 3 8 7 ) 14: U. S. S,R. launched Cosmos C C X C I I from Plesetsk i n t o o r b i t with 76.5-Jan (475.4-mi) apogee, 745 -km (462.9-mi) perigee, 99.9-min period, and 74.0' inclination. (GSFCSSR, 8/15/69; SBD, 8 / 2 0 / 6 9 , 169; UIN Public egist try ) August - . NASA announced t h a t 8 of 14 aerospace research p i l o t s t r a i n e d f o r USAFts Manned Orbiting Laboratory program terminated June 10, would join NASA. One, L/C Albert H. Crews (US@), would be assigned t o F l i g h t Crew Operat i o n s Directorate a t MSC. Seven would be astronauts, bringing t o t a l number of a c t i v e NASA astronauts t o 54: M z ~: j Karol H, Bobko (USAF) L/c&. Robert L. Crippen (USN), M s j . Charles G. Fullerton (USAF), Maj. Henry W. Hartsfield, 3r. (USAF), Maj. Robert F. Overmy-er (USMC), Maj. Donald H. Psterson (uSAF), and ~ / ~ d Richard r . H. Truly (USN). Effective date f o r new assignments had not been set. W j . Bobko, Maj. Hartsfield, and Maj. Peterson would complete studies f o r graduate degrees before assuming astronaut duty. (WA Release 69-120) , . NASA announced appointment of eight-man f a i l u r e review cormnittee t o determine why I n t e l s a t - I 1 1 F-5 cornsat di-d not achieve planned'orbit a f t e r launch from KSC J u l y 25. (NASA Release 69-119) . Discovery of x-ray "star" between constellations Centaurus and Lupus fron data relayed during July by two Vela nuclear detection s a t e l l i t e s launched May 23 had been announced by Los Alamos S c i e n t i f i c Laboratory astronomers, New York Times reported. Dr. J. P. c o m e r , Dr. W. D. Evans, and R. D. ~eliansaid object had twice t h e i n t e n s i t y of most b r i l l i a q t . x-ray sources previously known--in constellation Scorpius--and had not y e t been i d e n t i f i e d i n wavelengths observable by human eye. No obvious source of x-ray emissions had been i d e n t i f i e d , such a s s t a r s , s t e l l a r explosions, or pulsars. (Sullivan, 8/14/69, 7 ) x, �Cross-country ceremonies f o r Apollo 11 a s t r o n a u t s c o n s t i t u t e d August 14: probably t h e single g r e a t e s t peacetime c e l e b r a t i o n i n t h e n a t i o n ' s history, " New ~ o r k~ G e es d i t o r i a l said. "It was more than a t r i b u t e t o three -courageous and a b l e men; it was also an a c t of homage t o t h e hundreds of thousands of workers, engineers, technicians and s c i e n t i s t s whose hard work over almost a decade made t h e moon landing possible. A t the most fundamental Level, perhaps, t h e outpouring of n a t i o n a l r e j o i c i n g stemmed from t h e renewedsense of purpose the Apollo's &credible f e a t had brought t o a nation long t o r n and depressed by military t r a v a i l abroad and r a c i a l and generational antagonisms'at home. The essence of t h a t sentiment was well s t a t e d by M r . Armstrong when he declared a t the United Nations t h a t 'we c i t i z e n s of earth who can solve t h e problem of l e a v i n e a r t h can also solve t h e problems of staying on e a r t h . I " 8/14$69) (m, Research submarine Ben Franklin surfaced 300 mi south of Nova Scotia, ending 1 , 2 0 0 - m i , month-long Gulf S t r e m D r i f t by Swiss oceanographer Jacques Piccard and team which included MSC researcher Chester B. May [see July 141. During journey team had noted Gulf Stream contained fewer f i s h , stronger current, and more turbulence than expected. (UPI, W Star, 8/14/69, Al; Blakeslee, NYT, - 8/8/69, 38) - Auwst 15: Results of q u a l i t a t i v e study of Mariner V I photos were summarized i n Science by D r . Robert B. Leighton, D r . Norman H. Horowitz, . D r . Bruce C. Murray, and D r . Robert P. Sharp of Cal Tech; Alan G. Herriman and D r . Andrew T, Young of JTL; Bradford A. Smith of New Mexico S t a t e Univ.; Mer-ton E. Davies of RAND Corp.; and Conmy B. k o v y of Univ. of Washington: "The p r i n c i p a l r e s u l t s from preliminary study axe: t h e surface of Mars appears s i m i l a r t o t h a t of t h e Moon, but t h e r e a r e s i g n i f i c a n t differences; some f e a t u r e s seen from Earth a r e characterized; t h e 'blue haze' hypothesis i s disproved; and new phenomena associated with t h e p o l a r cap are discovered." Mars resembled moon i n abundance, form, arrangement, and s i z e of craters, but t h e r e appeared t o be break in s i z e - d i s t r i b u t i o n curve o f c r a t e r s i n sone parts of Mars not charac- . t e r i s t i c of moon--apparently because Mars had more e f f e c t i v e weathering and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n process t h a n moon. S i m i l a r i t i e s between M a r b i m and l u n s r surfaces included c r a t e r s with slump blocks, t e r r a c e , ahd r a d i a l dry-debris avalanche chutes on steep inner surfaces; c e n t r a l peaks, polygonal o u t l i n e s , blocky e j e c t a rims, and i r r e g u l a r e j e c t a ; and i r r e g u l a r l y sinuous ridges. Differences included more subdued relief of many Martian c r a t e r s , f l a t t e r f l o o r s , fewer c e n t r a l peaks, raore subdued d e b r i s blankets, absence o f ' obvious secondary c r a t e r s ... �August 1 5 (continued) and rays, and greater abundance of "ghost " craters. Photos showed no sinuous r i l l e s and no d i s t i n c t i v e earth-like phenomena such a s mountain ranges, t e c t o n i c basins, stream-cut topographs, dune f i e l d s , playa . flats, or o t h e r arid-region features. (science, 8/15/69, 685-90) , ' . C l a s s i c a l astronomical data on figures of noon and t e r r e s t r i a l planets were being supplemented by new information from Lunar Orbiter program. Compara b l e future planetary probes would provide flrndamental data Mrn simple experiments, Cornell Univ. radiophysicist s D r . Brian T. OILeary, D r . Malcolm J. Cmpbell, and D r . C a r l Sagan said i n Science. Lunar Orbiter r e s u l t s had revealed lunar masconst nonuniform surface d i s t r i b u t i o n t h a t could explain lunar d y n m c a l asymmetries "and perhaps similar asymmetries f o r Mars aqd Mercury. " (science, 8/15/69, 651-7) , Astronal~tJoseph P. K e r w i n was uninjured when f a u l t y l a n d h g gear on T-33 j e t t r a i n e r forced belly landing a t Ellingkon AFB, Tex. (AP, W -sStar ' 8/16/69, ~ 2 ) . Soviet newspaper said TU-lu+,Soviet supersonic transport, had been f l y i n g beyond sound b a r r i e r "for extended periods of t h e " with no d i f f i c u l t y , Associated Press reported. (W Post, 8/16/69, ~ 2 ) . C-5 Galaxy a i r c r a f t would demonstrate i t s cargo and troop delivery capab i l i t y i n J o i n t USAF-US4-Lockheed-Georgia Co. Transport A i r Drop and J e t t i s o n Test (TADJET)program t o begin i n early October, DOD announced. k p p r o x b a t e l y 150 f l i g h t s from Pope AFB, N.C., would aisd-sop equipment andmen. During transport phase, C-5 would be loaded and unloaded some 50 times a ~ perform d nating maneuvers with air-transportable dock t h a t could handle cargo capacity of t h r e e C-5s. (DOD Release 683-69) , - 15-17: Second National A h Exposition a t Dulles International f i r s t public appearance 02. Lockheed C -5A, world's l a r g e s t a i r c r a f t . Show was opened by Secretary of Transporbat ion John A. Volpe, who announced plans f o r further expositions. (AP, - 8/16/69, 46) lE!P, A w s t ~irpbrt,Va. , featured August 16: U. S. S.R. launched Cosmos C C X C I I I from Plesetsk into o r b i t w i t h x - l m (151.6-mi) apogee, 202-lan (125.5-mi) perigee, 88.9-min p?riod, and 51.7' inclination. S a t e l l i t e reentered Aug 28. (GSFC SSR, 8/31/69; UN Public Registry; = , . 8 / ~ ) / 6 9 , 166) - . ' �August 16 : Estimated 250,000 persons mtched ApoUo l l astronauts parade i n Houston, Tex. Crud threw c o a e t t i , t i c k e r tape, and "moon c e r t i f i cates"--fake $100 and $1,000 paper money--until streets were two t o t h r e e f e e t deep i n l i t t e r . Later, 55,000 persons attended gala i n Houston's Astrodone coliseum, which was f U l e d t o capacity. Total of (UPI, W. PoBt 31 astronauts and families rode through cheering throngs .- 8/17/69, , ) Associated Press s a i d Austin, Tex., Judge John R. Brown had granted request of atheis* Madalyn Murray O'Hair f o r three-judge Federal court t o hear h e r s u i t against NASA seeking t o prevent astronauts on duty f'rom practicing r e l i g i o n [see Aug. 61. (AJ?, W Post, 8/16/69, A3) Agnew E. Lsrsen, space research consultant with Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa., died at age 73. He had received 1930 Robert J. C o l l i e r Trophy f o r perfecting autogiro, predecessor'of helicopter. (IW, 8/18/69, 31) Apollo 11 astronauts discussed possible manned Mars landing August17: by 1982 on C3S program a ace t h e Nation, " Astronaut Neil A . Armstrong said, "I am quite c e r t a i n t h a t goals of t h e Mars variety a r e within our I1 rage, should we choose...that investment of our n a t i o n a l resources. F i r s t exploratory f l i g h t s could be combined with earth-orbit ing spacec r a f t t o develop long-term capability with same kind of spacecraft. It was "we31 within our capability" t o be prepared f o r Mars launch i n 1981. Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., s a i d he was "not so sure. . t h i s i s t h e time tbst we can accurately s e t a date like 1931." S e t t i n g g o d was worthwhile but a s intermediate goals were reached "I believe . we w i l l . be able t o b e t t e r define exactly what our longer term goals are i n terms of ten years from now. " Astronaut Michael Collins said, "I don't thZnk 1931 i s t o o soon. I t h i n k it i s w e l l within our capability t o do so." Very nsrture of . long-duration t r i p "requires careful design and t e s t i n g of the equipment, $ ? c h could e a s i l y be done i n Earth o r b i t w i t h a number of a n c i l l a r y b e n e f i t s . " He defended Bible reading i n space and anno-uced he would never fly i n space again because he found it i n c r e a s k g l y d i f f i c u l t "to keep up year a f t e r year" with rigorous training required. (SBD, - 8/19/69, 159; W Post, 8/18/69, A2; NY!T, 8/18/69, 33) a . �A w s t 17: Controversywas building up over astronauts' future, Apollo prowarn, and manned space flight generally, Harry Schwartz . s a i d i n . Mew York Tjmes. Three major debates were over whether engineerastronauts o r scientist-astronauts should be sent on f u t u r e Apollo missions; who should control mission schedules and astronaut a c t i v i t i e s , "NASA hierarchy1' o r ground-based s c i e n t i s t s i n NASA; and whether U. S. should emphasize unmanned probes o r crash program t o put men on Mars'in e a r l y 1980s. "The Pact t h a t it i s t h e s c i e n t i s t s who have been resigning while astronauts with test p i l o t backgrounds have been receiving unprecedented public acclaim makes it evident where t h e balance of p o w e rl i e s f o r t h e moment &thin NASA. But t h e issue i s f a r fkom s e t t l e d , since U S A i t s e l f must and does use t h e prospect of s c i e n t i f i c advances as a key argument i n seeking appropriations f o r space a c t i v i t i e s . Hence t h e d i s s i d e n t s c i e n t i s t s could have s u b s t a n t i a l leverage i f they teamed up with Congrsssmen and others who oppose t h e space appropriations f o r other rzasons. It would not be s u r p r i s i n g , . . i f NASA sought t o ease t h e s c i e n t i s t s 1 i r r i t a t i o n by satisfying soae of t h e i r demands. " (E, . ' , 8/17/69, ~ 2 ) . Japag successfully launched her l a r g e s t rocket t o date - -four -stage, 75-f't-10=, 4.5-fb -dia, 43.8-ton MU3D--Kyodo. News Service reported. Rocket reached 100-mi (160.9-km) a l t i t u d e i n 44 min, with l a s t stage reaching 1 . 8 mps--about half speed thought needed t o o r b i t s a t e l l i t e - Western Pacific after 7 min 35 secs of f l i g h t . . President Nixon ' s post -Apollo I l t o u r of A s i a and Romania July 25 -Aug 3, wlus his remarks and reactions aboard U.S.S. Hornet a t s~lashdownand during welcoming c e r m n y f o r astronauts, were recorded i n New -York Times Masazine a r t i c l e by Max Frankel and Robert 8. Sernple, Jr. Authors were among press accornp&ng President and Mrs. Nixon on t o u r . President and part;y had basked " i n r e f l e c t e d moonglow." When President walked tjwards reviewing stand i n Guam, spectator had remsrked, "that ' s h i s moon walk. " A o l l o I l had given President "new .exuberance. " (g Magazine, €3119 -, 76-80) r Rep. George P. Miller ( D - c a l i f . ) , as Chairman of House C o m i t t e e on Science and Astronautics, had forced NAS4 to pay $5,522 f o r U W j e t t o transport 32 committee members and wives t o Aug. 1 3 Apollo l l s t a t e dinner i n Los Angeles, Rowland Evans a ~ Robert; d Novak s a i d i n W a s h i e Post. NASA a l s o had t o pay $19,342 f o r chartered comercial jet for space o f f i c i a l s and $2,800 f o r Aug. 12 Houston luncheon, and White House w e s charging agency with most of estimated $75,000 cost of s t a t e dinner. (W Post, 8/17/69, B7) �August18: Swiss physicist D r . Johannes Geiss, originator of A p o l l o l I experiment t o trap atomic p a r t i c l e s from s o l a r wind on lunar surface; would use "deliberate speed" i n assaying r e s u l t s , New York Times reported. NASA courier had delivered square foot of aluminum f o i l exposed on moon f o r an ho;z t o catch emitted by sun. D r . Geiss a ~ associates d i n Beme Univ.'s Physics I n s t i t u t e had devised plan f o r duaL study of foil i n Berne and a t Federal Polytechnic a t Zurich. A n i l y s es , determining components by spect rornet e r , would require sever& weeks. NASA would not release remaining t h r e e square f e e t of f o i l t o him until 1970. (E, 8/18/69, 34) B r i t i s h Aircraft Corp. and Sud Aviation announced completion of second phase of Anglo-French Concorde supersonic transport f l i g h t developaent program, Two prototypes were being readied for transonic phase t o push a i r c r a f t ' s speed beyond mach 1 i n e a r l y September. Two prototypes had logged 104 f l y i n g hrs i n 39 and 24 f l i g h t s and had achieved speeds t o mach 0.95 and a l t i t u d e s t o 40,000 f't Concorde 002 was being prepared for supersonic f l i g h t s t o mach 2, o r 1,400-mph cruising speed, i n t e s t s expected t o begin a t y e a r ' s end. (BAC/SU~ Aviation Release 1 0 ~ / 6 9 ) . A u p t 1 9 : McDonald O b s e m t o r y successrully recorded i t s first'h i t s on l a s e r r e f l e c t o r l e f t on moon by Apollo l l astronauts a t 9:30 pm CBT. S c i e n t i s t s said distance a t t h a t moment was 232,271,406 m i and moon was 131.2 fl farther from e a r t h than previously believed. L i d k Observatory had recorded f i r s t h i t s A u g . 1 and had estimated earthmoon distance t o be 226,970.9 m i a t that time. (AP, W S t a r , 8/21/69, ~ 3 ) U.S.S.R. launc3ed Cosmos CCXCN from Plesetsk i n t o orbit with 343-km (213.1-ni) apogee, 205-hn (127.4-mi) perigee, 89.7-min period, and SSR, 8/31/69; 65.4' inclination. S a t e l l i t e reentered Aug. 27. (GSFC SBD, 8/29/69, 166; UN Public egist try) NASA announced selection of Ch5ster M. Lee as Apollo Mission Director, succeeding George H. Hsge, who had been elected vice president f o r product development with Boeing Co. Lee, r e t i r e d USN captain who had s a v e d i n Polaris missile prograq and i n Directorate of Research and Engineering i n Office of Secretary of Defense, had been Assistant Apollo Mission Director since A u g ~ s t1966. (NASA Release 69-122) �August 20: Study of possible o r b i t i n g Space Technoloa Applications and ~ e s e a x hLaboratory (STARL~B) sponsored by NASA and American Society f o r Engineering Education, was completed a t MSFC. Eleven-week design project focused space-developed technology on e a r t h resources use, crop-maturity prediction, s o i l analysis, veg'etation vigor, sea farming, and other e a r t h problems. Final presentation i n p r o j e c t , which had p a r t i c i p a t i o n of 21 f a c u l t y members from 1 8 colleges a n d - u n i v e r s i t i e s , was report; on o r b i t i n g space laboratory i U u s t r a t ing systems approach that could be valuable i n solving major e a r t h problems. (MSFC Release , 69-179) Washington Post published l e t t e r from former Secretary of S t a t e Dean Rusk. He recommended U.S. abandon idea of space race with U.S.S.R.; "throw wide open t h e doors on international cooperation"; proceed with development of near-earth space c a p a b i l i t i e s and a c t i v i t i e s contributing t o understanding of earth; and "take advantage of NASA s extraordinary a b i l i t y t o mobilize s c i e n t i f i c , technical, i n d u s t r i a l and other t a l e n t s " f o r other t a s k s , l i k e a i r t r a v e l and a i r pollution problem-solving. "Marzned f l i g h t s t o t h e planets might b e t t e r be a decision f a r t h e next generation." (W Post, 8/23/69, A28) . NAS4' s X - 2 4 ~l i f t ing-body vehicle, p i l o t e d by Ma j Jerauld R. Gexrbry, successfully completed t h i r d f l i g h t a f t e r air-launch from B-52 a i r c r a f t over South Rogers Lske Bed, Calif. Objectives of f l i g h t were t o obtain handling q u a l i t i e s , s t a b i l i t y and control derivatives, flow v i s u a l i z a t i o n over a f t portion of vehicle, and longitudinal trim curves and l i f t -to-drag r a t i o a t 15' upper-flap s e t t i n g . Procedural, e r r o r caused ~ - 2 ts h ~be launched 35 secs e a r l y and some planned data were not obtained. (NASA Fxoj O f f ) August 21 : . Intelsat I (~azly~ i r d hsd ) been put back into o r b i t a l retirement and f u l l co&nications service v i a Lntelsat-111 37-2 had been restored, ComSatCorp announced. I n t e l s a t I, reactivated June SO af'ter six- month retirement t o compensate f o r failure of I n t e l s a t - I 1 1 F-2 u n t i l service was restored Auq. 1, would remain i n o r b i t and wollld be capable of operational service i f needed. Restored I n t e l s a t - I 1 1 F-2 was handling 620 --time c o m e r c i a l c i r c u i t s serving countries i n A t l a n t i c area and t r a n s a t l a n t i c TV programing when ordered. (INTELSAT Release 69-53) �Aumst 21 : Evely s c i e n t i s t -astronaut except one - -geologi s t Harrison Schmitt--had been removed f'rom NASA's lunar landing t r a i n i n g l t s t , Victor Cohn reported i n Washineon Post. Report was l a t e r denied by NASA. Cohn s a i d remaining s c i e n t i s t s had been assigned t o t r a i n f o r long-duration, earth-orbiting Apollo Applications missions beginning i n 1972. Action was "certain t o aggravate t h e already e x i s t i n g disagreements between s c i e n t i s t s and space o f f i c i a l s , " Cohn said, and would probably prompt more resignations by s c i e n t i s t s . (W Post, 8/21/69, fi; 8/22/69, ~ 1 8 ) Washin$on % s t published l e t t e r from Irene S, Rubin i n Lmpsng, Thailand. Real impact of Apollo ll success i n Thailand had been "on t h e group of educated men who have some e f f e c t on government. Their primary reaction was not one of shared accomplishment but of shame i n t h e gap t h u s dramtt i z e d between themselves and t h e developed countries." Though U.S. could not hide technological capacity, "I t h i n k we should be more aware of t h e context i n t o which news of t h e Apollo mission i s received. Far from, bringing the world closer together with such performances, we may be a r o u s m b i t t e r n e s s and obstinacy i n t h e misa-nocat ion of development f'unds. " (W Post, 8/21/69, ~ 1 8 ) U.S.S.R. launched Cosmos CCXCV i n t o - o r b i t with 473-km 293.9-mi) apogee, 270-km (167.8-mi) perigee, 91.9-min period, and :l.OO inclination. (GSFC SSR, 8/31/69; UN Pablic egist try) A u g u s t 22: . NASA named Rocco A. Petrone, Director of Launch Operations a t KSC since 1966, t o succeed L/G Same1 C. P h i l l i p s (USAF) a s Director of Apollo P r o g r a , effective Sept 1. He would be succeeded by Deputy Director of Launch Operations Walter J. Kapryaq. Petrone had been Saturn Project Officer and Apollo Program Manager. H i s awards included NASA Exceptional Service Award f o r d i r e c t i o n of Apollo 7 checkout and launch and NASA Distinguished Service Medal, NASA's highest award, f o r d i r e c t i o n of ApoUo 8 checkout and launch. (MA Release 69-124) . . International Academy ok Astronautics announced s e l e c t ion of D r . Charles A. Berry, Director of Medical Research and Operations a t MSC, t o receive Daniel and Florence Guggenheim International Astronautics Award f o r 1969. Award and $1,000 p r i z e w o u l d be presented during 20th I n t e r n a t i o n a l Astron a u t i c a l Congress i n Argentina i n October. (UPI, W Post, 8/23/69, ~ 3 ) . NASA's alleged neglect of pure science research goals i n favor of engineering p u s u i t s and "glamor" had caused undercurrent of d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n among s c i e n t i s t s , Science noted. When interviewed by Science D r . F. Curtis Michel, �A u g u s t 22 (continued) D r . Donald U. Wise, and D r . Elbert A. K i n g , who had resigned from NASA recently, declined t o a t t r i b u t e t h e i r resignations d i r e c t l y t o major d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n s with N4SA and denied t h a t they had resigned t o p r o t e s t emphasis on engineering r a t h e r than s c i e n t i f i c research. They did, however, express some d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n with r o l e of basic science in space exploration and impatience with NAS4's management of s c i e n t i f i c projects and admitted they were lured f'rom NASA by prospects of new positions t h a t offered more time f o r s c i e n t i f i c research. (science, 8/22/69, 776-8) AIAA announced e l e c t i o n of Honorary Fellows: Secretary of t h e Air Force, D r . Robert C, S e a m s , Jr.; German rocket pioneer Hermann Oberth; amd Northrop Corp. founder John K. Nodhrop. D r . Seamans, former N!lSA Associate Administrator, was honored f o r "organizing t h e research, development and operational base which produced t h e Apollo program. Honors would be presented a t Oct. 23 banquet i n Anaheim, Calif. (AM el ease) " I n l e t t e r advocathg postponement of decision on manned Mars landing [see A u g . X)] former Secretary of S t a t e Dean Rusk had "gone t o the heart of what i s bound t o become a c r i t i c a l national decision," Richard Wilson s a i d i n Washington Evening Star. "Now t h a t we know we can and w i l l do t h i s t h i n g does it make any difference i n t h e eons of time yet t o cone when we do it? F i f t y years k o a now might we not have developed far cheaper and more e f f i c i e n t ways t o do it? Mars w i l l s t i l l be t h e r e . . . . The space men have shown us not only t h e moon, but what a b e a u t i f u l planet we have i n what may otherwise be a wholly desolate solar system--a beautiful. planet t h a t needs loving care t o preserve it." (W Star 8/22/69, ~ 1 5 ) J In telephone interview, UCZ4 astrono-ser D r . Samuel Herrick, Jr., s a i d planetoid Geographos, due t o pass earth a t 5.6 million-mi distance Aug. 27, would be best s i t e of all a s t e r o i d s f o r eventual spsce s t a t i o n beyond moon and good spot f o r manned or unmmed spscec r a f t landing. I t s f a r t h e s t point from sun i n given o r b i t w a s least d i s t a n t from sun and from e a r t h of all minor planets. But astronauts landing on it would have t o "dig i n and t i e themselves down" since i t s estimated g was so s l i g h t "even a sneeze directed a t t h e surface would propel a man off i n t o space." (AP, B &, 8/23/69, A 3 ) In Science, MIT Lincoln L3boratory s c i e n t i s t s A, E. E. Rogers and R. P. IngaUs reported mapping Venus surface r e f l e c t i v i t y by radar i n t e r f e r o a e t r y a t 3.8-cm wavelength f o r region *om -80' t o '0 �August 22 (continued) longitude and *om -50' t o 4 0 ' l a t i t u d e . 14ap was f r e e from twofold range-Doppler ambiguity, presented new features, and c l e a r l y delineated f e a t u r e s previously obs ewed. It showed l a r g e c i r c u l a r regions of s i g n i f i c a n t l y lower r e f l e c t i v i t y than t h e i r surroundings with s i z e and appearance of lunar m a r i a . (science, 8/22/69, Tg7-9j . A t National Amateur Astronomers convention i n Denver, Colo. , six-member pmel including Northwestern Univ. astronomer D r . J. Allen Hynek and Univ. of Arizona physicist D r . James E. McDonald suggested UFO i n v e s t i gation be t a k e n from USAF and placed with s c i e n t i f i c body. P a n e l i s t s s a i d since UFOs apparently presented no danger t o nat iona2 defense, they were unimportant t o U W . Panel disagreed with 1968 Condon Report on UFOs [see Jan. 91. H p e k said UFO research should continue. (AP, W S t a r , 8/2$/69, Al7) -- Awst 23: W launched unidentified s a t e l l i t e from Vandenberg U B by T i t a n 111-B-Agena booster. S%te l l i t e entered o r b i t with 251.7 -mi (405-ka) apogee, 7 2.7-mi ( ~ 7 - b perigee, ) 89.7 -min period, and 1 0 8 . 0 ~ i n c l i n a t i o n and reentered Sept. 7. (CSFC E,8/31/69; 9/15/69; E, 8/26/69, 1%) . Chemical analysis of moon rocks a t Lunar Receiving Laboratory had &is- closed t h e i r age might range from 2 b i l l i o n t o 4.5 b i l l i o n yrs--far greater thanmost s c i e n t i s t s expected--lunar s c i e n t i s t s i n touch with LRL colleagues s a i d , I t w a s "almost conclusive evidence t h a t it has been b i l l i o n s of years since these rocks c r y s t a l l i z e d . " Finding might s e t t l e difference between geologists who had viewed lunar surface as having had continuous history and those l i k e D r . Harold C. Urey who believed moon was ancient, undisturbed place made of m a t e r i d which would help unfold h i s t o r y of e a r l y planets, Later, MSC Director of Science and Applications, D r . Wilmot N. Hess, said D r . S. Oliver Schaeffer and D r . John Funkhouser of S t a t e Univ; of New York; Dr. Joseph Zahringer of Max Planck I n s t i t u t e i n Heidelberg, and D r . Donald Bogard of MSC had measured s o l a r p a r t i c l e s trapped in l u n a r rocks t o determine lunar m s t e r i a l f s age. (ah, W Post, 8/24/69, A l ; UPI, W Star, 8/25/69, ~ 4 ) . Ten space pioneers were named t o f i r s t National Space Hall of Fame. Honorees, chosen by Houston City committee, would be f e t e d a t f i r s t annual awards dinner i n Houston, Tex., Sept. 27. They include& Astronaut Alan'B. Shepard, Jr., f i r s t American to journey i n space; former Astronaut John H. Glenn, Jr., f i r s t American t o o r b i t i n ' �August 23 (continued) space; l a t e Astronaut Edward H. White 11, f i r s t man t o walk i n space;. D r . Wernher von Braun, MSFC Director; l a t e Rep: Albert Thomas (D- ex. ) staunch supporter of space progran; D r . Kurt H. Debus, KSC Director; l a t e D r . Hugh L. Dryden, former NASA ~ e p u t yAdministrator; D r . Maxime A. Faget, Director of Engineering and Dwelopment a t MSC; D r . Robert R. Gilruth, MSC Director; and l a t e D r . Robert H, Coddard, f a t h e r of rocketry. Hall was i n Albert Thomas Center in Houston. (UPI,' NYT -3 , .' 8 / 2 5 / 6 9 , 8) This Week published interview with science f i c t i o n author Arthur C. Clarke. Most important recent outer sDace discovew was p u l s a r s - - " I t l s possible t h a t they might be sign& from some higher c i v i l i z a t i o n . " S c i e n t i f i c sllrprise in ApolLo program was " i t s immaculate perfection. You don't expect t h a t , no matter how caref'ully you prepme." Clarke. was miting space exploration.documentary which would show "whole span of human i n t e r e s t i n space, b&k t o t h e Babylonian astronomers and on up thrc=lgh t h e colonization of t h e s o l m system. " It would include Stonehenge which was "as big a burden for t h e primitive economy t h a t hilt i t - - i n f a c t , probably a much bigger burden than t h e Apollo program i s for us. " (Bradford, This Week, August 24: 8/24/69, 7) Transfer of US4F MOL o f f i c e r s t o NASA astronaut corps [see Aug. i4] was c r i t i c i z e d in.WashingLon Sunday S t a r by W i l l i a m fines: "With t h e i n i t i a l noon l a d i n g now an accomplished fact, the pace of named space operations 'has slowed down t o three flights per year. This n;eans t h a t no more than nine men can f l y annually, and with 54 a s t r o nsuts now on board, t h i s , i n t u n , means an average of six years between f l i g h t s . " Tho@ pace might accelerate i n time and future space stations.would increase annual number of crew assignments, "the glamor and glory of being an astronaut--particularly a nonflying one--no longer compensates f o r t h e enforced .idleness imposed by t h e modified flight schedule. I ' (W Star, 8/24/69, ~ 4 ) August 25: Postmaster General Winton M. Blount announced t h a t " ~ i r s t Man on t h e ~ o o n "postage stamp would be issued Sept, 9 i n Washington, D .C. , i n conjunct ion with National Postal Form. Printed from master d i e c a r r i e d t o moon on A o U o 11rnisslon (~uly16-24), 10-cent air mail s t amp would be 5@-han conventional commemorative -stamps and would be dedicated i n special cereabny attended by Apollo 11 Astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. A l h i n , Jr., and Michael C o U n s . �August 25 (continued) Post Office had received 500,000 f i r s t - d a y cover requests within t h r e e weeks a r t e r stamp was announced July 9 and was still receiving 60,00089,030 such requests daily--of which about one-fif'th were f'rom foreign countries. (PO Dept Release 130) . Robert E. Bernier, former CamSatCorp systems engineer f o r - t e l s a t I11 program, becme NASA European Representative i n Office of International Af'fairs. He replaced Clotaire Wood, who would return t o Of'fice of Advanced Research and Technology a t NASA Hq. Bernier would begin h i s d u t i e s a t American Bnbassy i n P a r i s i n e a r l y October, handling NASA's cooperative r e l a t i o n s and programs with European regional and n s t i o n a l space organizations. (NASA Release 69-125) . Scientist-astronaut D r . W i L l i a m E. Thornton, who had been grounded i n spring, received clearance t o continue j e t p i l o t t r a i n i n g . Thornton had had d i f f i c u l t y landing because of d i s t o r t i o n of v i s i o n c a l l e d aniseikonia,which reduced h i s depth perception. Vision had been corrected with s p e c i a l glasses. (UPI, W S t a r , 8/26/69, A3; WPost, 8/26/69, ~ 9 ) - . Washington Post published r e s u l t s of July 30-Aug. 4 Harris survey of U. S. households t o determine a t t i t u d e toward spending $4 b i l l i o n annually for decade t o explore moon and other planets. While 5% of those polled approved funding f o r lunar landing, narrow p l u r a l i t y of 1,577 4% was opposed t o m h e r $4 b i l l i o n anually; 44% favored. Persons un3er 30 favored extension of space program by 6@ t o 34% but those over 50 opposed it by 5 g a c k c i t i z e n s were opposed by (W Post, 8 6% t o 1%. . Dr. Harry H. Hess, Chairman of MIS-NRC Space Science Board, died of heart a t t a c k suffered while attending Board meeting a t Woods Hole, Mass. D r . Hess, Blair professor of geology a t Princeton Univ., was one of s c i e n t i s t s who had a n a l b e d Apollo ll lunar samples. In 1950 he had advanced theory t h a t volcanic a c t i v i t y on ocean Moor caused continental d r i f t . He had been past president of Mineralogical Society of America a d of Geological Society of America, chairman of s i t e - s e l e c t i o n committee f o r NSF"s Project Mohole, and adviser t o . numerous Federal a encies, including NASA. (UPI, - W Post, 8/27/69, A10; Science, 8/29$69, 882) �Augpst 25-30: Eighth International Symposium on Space Technology--first major i n t e r n a t i o n a l space meeting since Apollo ll-:was held I n Tokyo. I n opening speech, general chairman Tsuyoshi Hayashi expressed world's appreciation t o U.S. f o r making "a great l e a p f o r mankind" but s a i d many other nations had contributed t o s c i e n t i f i c knowledge t h a t made lunar landing possible. He asked recognition of moon a s i n t e r n a t i o n a l territory. Among 400 s c i e n t i s t s from 19 countries attending meeting 'were NASA Apollo Applications Program Director W i U i a m C. Schneider; D r . Cristoper C. b a n , Jr., MSC Director of Flight Operations, and M. P. Frank from MSC; Herbert A. Wilson, Jr., Chief of Applied Materials D i v . , from LaRC; Ox Project Manager WiUked E. S c u l l f'rom GSFC; D r . Thomas Vrebalovich from JPL; and Leon C. Hamiter, Jr., MSFC engineer. H a m i t e r presented paper on increased computer capacity and l i g h t e r weight f l i g h t hardware. Prof. Masahiko Kido of Japan's Ehime Univ. s a i d legal s t a t u s should be developed f o r moon before disputes arose over lunar r e a l e s t a t e . Other p a r t i c i p a n t s urged steps t o outlaw m i l i t a r y use of moon. D r . Werner J. KLeen, Director of European Spsce Research and Technology Center,said ESRO had been given permission t o put comsat i n t o o r b i t and would s t a r t work i n autumn. Japan announced i t s space development corporation would begin operations Oct. 1 and launch MS-4 f e rocket in e a r l y 1 4 0 , followed by comsat launch. ( ~ b a b e c o f, 69, 11; MSFC Release 69-181; NASA Off of Int Affairs) August 26: Moon landing would change human l i v e s , C..P. Snow s a i d i n Look. "I am a f r a i d that in the long run, perhaps a generation, perhaps longer, it will have a bad e f f e c t . It wiLl give us t h e feeling, and t h e p e r f e c t l y j u s t i f i e d f e e l i n g , t h a t our world has his i s forever the end of t h e mortal f r o n t i e r . " f i n a l l y closed in. Space enthusiasts thought lunar landing would l i b e r a t e human imaginat i o n but "I believe...that hman imagination i s going t o be r e s t r i c t e d - as t o an extent it was when the l a s t spots on t h e globe had been r i s i t e d , t h e South Pole and t h e summit of Everest. e ow here on earth f o r adventurous man t o go. Very soon, there w i l l be no place i n t h e universe f o r adventurous man t o go. " (Look, 8/26/69, 68-72) - , NASA announced award by LaRC of $2.5-million contract t o Ling Temco Vought Aerospace Corp. t o design, develop, and flight-qualify larger 1st -stage s o l i d rocket motor f o r Scout booster. New Algol I11 motor w o u l d have 44- or 45-in dia, 4 or 5 i n wider than Algol IIB, and would enable Scout t o place 400-lb payload, 100 l b s more than I I B capacity, i n t o o r b i t with 300-mi a l t i t u d e . (NASA Release 69-126) �August 26: Bright red l i g h t s , believed by observers t o be meteors, flashed across California, Nevada, and Arizona a t 8 : 5 0 pm PDT. North American A i r Defense Command (NORAD) l a t e r i d e n t i f i e d l i g h t s as parts of Soviet booster burning during reentry. Booster had launched Cosmos C C X C N Aug. 19. (AP, W S t a r , 8/27/69, A5; l a t e r ed, ~3 ) August 27 : NASAf s 148-1b drum-shaped Pioneer E f a i l e d on 5 :29 pm EDT launch from ETR by Thrust-Auwented Improved Delta (DSV-3~)b o x t e r . S a t e l l i t e had been intended for solar o r b i t t o c o l l e c t s c i e n t i f i c data on electromagnetic and plasma properbies of interplanetary medium near e a r t h ' s o r b i t a l path during s i x or more passages of s o l a r a c t i v i t y centers. J e t t i s o n of t h r e e strap-on solid-propellant rockets, 1st-stage Thor engine cutoff, and 2nd-stage i g n i t i o n occurred as planned but vehicle began gyrating, veered o f f course, and was destroyed by Range Safety Officer a t 8 min 2 secs GET. Pioneer E and TETR C t e s t and t r a i n i n g s a t e l l i t e , carried a s secondary payload t o t e s t Apollo c o m i c a t ions network, splashed i n t o Atlantic about 300 m i southeast of Barbados. Preliminary analysis of data indicated l o s s of hydraulic pressure during 1st-stage burn permitted engine nozzle t o develop uncontrolled gimbaling and vehicle w a t ions. Invest igat i o n would be conducted t o determine exact cause and action t o prevent recurrence. Pioneer E was l a s t i n s e r i e s of f i v e spacecrart designed t o provide, continuing measurements over t h e s o l a r cycle at widely separated points i n interplanetary space. Pioneer V I (launched Dec 16, 1955), Pioneer VII - (launched Aug. 17, 1956), Pioneer VIII (launched Dec. 16, 1 m n d Pioneer M (launched Nov. 8, 1968) had received 25,000 commands from ground and were s t i l l producing usef'ul data from widely s c a t t e r e d positions i n heliocentric o r b i t s . Nost recent Pioneer missions had provided new information on functions of magnetosphere, additional d a t a on f i n d i n g t h a t diffuse solar,plasma regions appeared t o have a t t r a c t i o n of t h e i r own, measurements of cosmic dust populations, data on changes in e l e c t r i c a l and magnetic c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of s o l a r corona, and t a r g e t s f o r precision radar tracking which l e d t o establishment of r e l i a b l e value f o r earth-moon msss r a t i o aqd sun-earth mass r a t i o . Pioneer progran was managed by ARC under OSSA direction. (NASAProj Off; NASA Release 69-U6; 8/29/69, 213) . s, �August 3 : Moon was t w i n planet of earth, formed f r o z - same whirling gas cloud, i n e a r l y view of t w o LEE s c i e n t i s t s studying Apollo 11 samples. D r . S. Ross Taylor of A s t r i National Univ., Canberra, Australia, said,' "Moon's composition i s unlike t h e e a r t h ' s . But it i s not outside our experience. It i s l i k e t h e material you would expect i f t h e e a r t h and moon were formed a s a double planet.'' He thought moon was younger twin, while D r . Oliver A. Schaeffer of S t a t e Univ. of New York thought it might be equally old. " Age of two lunar rocks had been estimated a t 3.1 b i l l i o n y r s , "p;ive o r take.. -200million years," by measuring proportion of argon 40 t o potassium i n rocks, D r . Schaeffer said. L u n a r highlands might be 4.5 b i l l i o n y r s old. Moon, he thought, never grew big enough t o melt i n t e r n a l l y and produce geologic activity t o change lunar surface an3 leave younger rocks. D r . Taylor's studies had shown unusually high amounts of refYactory material an3 absence or low concentration of v o l a t i l e materials, implying v o l a t i l e material hsd boiled ah-ay in melting process. He inferred rock chemistry was d i f f e r e n t from deep msntle of e a r t h and fYom cosmic abundances - - d i s t r i b u t ion of elements t h a t w ~ u l dbe expected i n d i s t a n t , more primitive planet captured by earth. ( c o b , W Post, 8/28/69, A l ) , . MSC Deputy Director George S. Trimble announced h i s resignation, effect i v e Sept 30, after 2; yrs with NASA. He had been Director of Advanced Manned Missions P r o g a r i n N4SA Office of Manned Space FLight before appointment t o MSC post Oct. 13, 1967. (UC Release 69-70; W Post, 8/28/69, A 8 ; NAS9 Ann, 10/13/67) . . NASA announced selection of RCA Service Co. t o receive two-year, cost- plus-award-fee contract with one-year option f o r l o g i s t i c support t o (STADAN), Manned Space F l i g h t Network (MsFX), and NASA Comunications Network (NASCOM) Contract was expected t o exceed $17 million. (NASA Release 69-127) Sgace Tracking an3 Data Acquisition Network . . American A i r l i n e s began showing IQASA color film o f Apollo 11 and d i s t r i b u t i n g f r e e copies of CBS News recording "Man on the Moon" azd free cut-out lunar modules f o r children on "Americana" f l i g h t s between East Coast and California through Sept. 23. (E, 8/1@/69, 23) Auqust 23: Leading lunar s c i e n t i s t D r . Harold C. Urey t o l d conference on nuclear energy a t Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago he was "pleased" a t discovery t h a t age of lunar rocks might range between �August 28 (continued) 3 b i l l i o n and 4.5 b i l l i o n y r s [see Aug. 231 and had "expected t h i s for But I ' m not making any more b e t s on t h e moon's o r i g i n . " a long t h e He was "puzzled" by once-molten l u n a r . sea material; it might have been formzd by huge meteor or a s t e r o i d impacts r a t h e r than volcanism and . moon might h3ve o r i inated out of c l u s t e r of such a s t e r o i d a l debris. ( ~ o h n ,W-Post, .... F i f t i e t h anniversary of International A i r Transport Assn. (IATA), founded i n Amsterdam A u g . 28, 1919. International flying under IATA asspices i n 1919 amounted t o 3,503 passengers; i n 1969 it w a s expected t o t o t a l 300 million. Organization was s t i U devoted t o o r i g i n a l principles: promot i o n o f s a f e , regular, and economical air transport; collaboration anong i n t e r n a t i o n a l c a r r i e r s ; processing of technical matters and comon f a r e s ; and functioning as clearinghouse f o r settlement of member a i r l i n e accounts. From o r i g i n a l membership of s i x a i r l i n e s , IATA now had 103 p a r t i c i p s t i n g members. ( ~ a n b e r ~ e NYT, r, 8/24/69, 86) August 2 9 : U.S.S.R. launched Cosmos CCXCqI from Baikonur i n t o o r b i t with 239-lan (185.8 -nt) apogee, 227-km (141.1-mi) perigee, 89.6-min per id, and 64.g0 inclination. S a t e l l i t e reentered Sept. 6. (GSFC -SSR 9 8/31/69, 9/15/69; S8D, 9/3/69, 9; ull Public Itegistry) Soae p l a n t s treated with lunar dust i n e a r l y ' ~ w s t were showing unexpected responses. Treated plants- -including seedlings of several common food plants l i k e wheat, tomatoes, cucumbers, and limes--were generally huskier and s l i g h t l y greener than untreated plants. NASA statement said: "The seedlings challenged with lunar materials uniformly look b e t t e r t h a n t h e controls (untreated p l a n t s ) Germination i n t h e presence of lunar soil indicates t h a t it is behaving l i k e a source of nutrients. " Plant c e l l s i n t i s s u e c u l t u r e showed "some evidence of s u b t l e change a s a r e s u l t of l u n a r innoculat i o n . " D r . 3. A . Vozzo, plant pathologist a t Lunar Receiving Laboratory, eGhasized t h a t changes were minor and could not yet be p o s i t i v e l y a t t r i b u t e d t o l u n a r ' d u s t . ( ~ o h n ,W Post, 8/30/69, ~ l ) . NAS4 selected General E l e c t r i c Co. t o receive three-year, $4-million, ' cost-plus-award-fee contract with two-year option t o provide engineering and mission-related support t o LsRC f o r Viking Project--series of planet sry probes which would begin softlanding on Mars i n 1973. (NASA Release 69-128) ' �New determination of abundance of water i n Mars atmosphere was reported i n Science by I l l i n o i s I n s t i t u t e of Technology a s t r o norners Tobias Owen and Harold P. Mason. New spectograms of planet had been obtained i n region of wat er-vapor band a t 8,200 8 during February and March 1969. h o u n t of p r e c i p i t a b l e water was found t o be about 1 5 JL Abundance reaffirmed t h a t some water was .present at current epoch but otherwise had l i t t l e bearin5 on evolution of Martian atmosphere. Water vapor d i d n o t imply liquid \ate r e x i s t e d ori Martian surface. (science, 8/29/69, 893-5) August 29: . August 31: Washinqton Post Sunday supplesent Potomac published p r o f i l e of D r . Richard T. Whitcoxb, head of 8-Foot Tunnels Branch a t k R C . He had won 1954 Robert J. C o l l i e r Trophy f o r design of "coke b o t t l e " a i r c r a f t fuselage configuration t h a t enabled high-speed a i r c r a f t t o pass through rnach 1 with increased power. Nore r e c e n t l y he had devised s u p e r c r i t i c a l wing, which would permit subsonic j e t a i r c r a f t t o approach mach 1. If adopted by c o m e r c i a l a i r c r a f t manufacturers, wing would c u t n e a r l y one hour from current five-hour t r a n s c o n t i n e n t a l f l i g h t s . ( ~ o t o m s c , 8/31/69, 1, 5-7) . DOD i n t e r n a l , c l a s s i f i e d , menoranda money buying a d d i t i o n a l Lo:kheed suggested Governmat would waste C-5A aircraf't, Washington Post s a i d . Central conclusion as t h a t most e f f i c i e n t and l e a s t c o s t l y transport a t i o n network t o support two major and one "brushf i r e " war " f o r which m i l i t a r y wants t o be prepared c o n s i s t s of t h e e x i s t i n g t h r e e squadrons (58) [ o f ] C-5As plus smaller c a r r i e r s l i k e t h e C-141 and modern freighters." ( ~ o s s i t e r ,W Post, 8/31/69, Al) During ----Amst: Pace magazine p ~ b l i s h e da r t i c l e s by Vice President S p i r o T. Agnew, also NASC Chairma, and by NASA Administrator, Dr. Thoaas 0 . Paine. D r . Paine s a i d , "To improve conditions i n our s o c i e t y w e need t o c r e a t e more wealth through g r e a t e r productivity based on new t e c h n o l o a . We should be r e s t l e s s and d i s s a t i s f i e d with our slowness i n overcoming s o c i a l i l l s , and T hope t h a t t h e space prograrn trill continue t o spur us onward here. If we can go t o t h e moon, why can ' t we b u i l d great and shining c i t i e s ? Why c a n ' t we eliminate ignorance, crime and poverty? If our space program h i g h l i g h t s such questions and helps form s n a t i o n a l c o m i t a e n t t o f i n d new solutions, it w i l l have served the n2tion well. Our space advances should eznbolden the n s t i o n ta proceed forward w i t h increased �During August (continued) confidence i n these other areas. Our ApoUo program has demonstrated anew what Americans can accom$lish given a nat-ional comsnitment, capable leadership and adequate resources. "Man's f'uture i n space i s l i m i t l e s s . We have embarked on a new stage of evolution t h a t w i l l engage a l l future generations of men. We face t h e unknown i n countless areas: What a r e t h e e f f e c t s . o f sustained zero and a r k i f i c i a l gravity? Of time-extending f l i g h t a t nearly t h e v e l o c i t y of l i g h t 7 O f s o c i e t i e s genetically selected f o r extraterrestrial living? 'We must f i n d t h e answers. We must mwe vigorously forward i n space. The p r a c t i c a l benefits Qone justify t h i s venture, but t h e r e a r e many other canpeU_ing human reasons. Progress i n space should continue t o spur u s onward t o find new solutions t o our age-old problems here on Spaceship Earth. We must make t h e blue planet Earth a hone base, worthy of men who w i l l s e t f o r t h one day on journeys t o the s t a r s . " Vice SPresident Agnew s a i d : "With t h e remarkably successful Apollo moon-landing program on the verge of c d m b a t i o n , we are now faced with a need t o define j u s t what we should proceed t o do t o make use most effectively of t h e results of our past and continuing space-exploration investaent. Wealthy a s our .econony is, rich as our technology has become, we must plan c a r e f u l l y i n order t o meet It i s our hope a wide range of urgent n a t i o n a l requirements t h a t , with a c a r e r u l l y reasoned s e t of goals adequately Punaed by the people through t h e i r Congress, t h e nation and the world w i l l rzap t h e maximum possible b s n e f i t from mankind's most ambitious m9ertaking. We must keep our horizons wide and our s i g h t s high. Despite i t s many i n t e r n a l domestic p r i o r i t i e s , t h i s nation should never t u r n inward, away from t h e opportunities and challenges of i t s 9 8/69, 2-4) most promising f r o n t i e r . (pace .... Four h u n b e d t h anniversary of Mercator's map, published i n Rhenish c i t y of Duisberg i n 1569 by Gerhsrd Kremer (knowi b y ' h i s Latin name Gerardus ~ e r c a t o)r Map t r a n s l a t e d earthfs spbere i n t o plane on chart on which s t r a i g h t l i n e drawn by navigator cut across all meridians a t same angle. Mercator projection w a s s t i l l standard f o r worldwide sea navigation and f o r aeronautical charts. (E, 8 / ~ 7 / 6 9 ,8 2 ) . 'Technologically and managerially, Apollo was d i f f i c u l t , " Englebert Kirchner said i n ~ p a c e / ~ e r o n a u t ei cd ~ i t o r i a l . " P o l i t i c a l l y a2d s o c i a l l y , it. was simple. J u s t t h e r e v e r s e ' i s t r u e about t h e great �During A u g ~ s t(continued) problems of our society. What i s making t h e s e so hard t o solve i s not t e c h n ~ l o g ybut s e r i o u s disagreement about goals and p r i o r i t i e s , about what i s good f o r whom, who i s t o g e t what and who should pay f o r it. The space prograa does not hold t h e answer t o t h e s e questions. Trying t o find them i n Apollo will only d i s t o r t and t h e r e f o r e b e l i t t l e a n incomparable achievement. Apollo took u s t o t h e moon, t o t h a t shining disk i n the sky t h a t looks so unbelievably d i s t a n t . I s n ' t t h a t enough?" (a, 8/69, . AFSC rl) - Newsreview e d i t o r i a l comented on Apollo 11: "If, l i k e t h e e m l y Vikings o r Columbus a t t h e shores of t h e New World, Amundsen at A n t a r c t i c a , Hillary a t t h e peak of M t ~ v e r e s--o& t astronauts stood alone with their thoughts on unknown s o i l , they were not alone. With them was t h e i n v i s i b l e presence of t h e most e ~ e n s i v e ,highly t r a i n e d , p r o f e s s i o n a l l y coapetent, and thoroughly dedicated t a s k f o r c e we have . known. We i n t h e A i r Force Systems Command s a l u t e t h e a s t r o n a u t s on t h e i r accomplishment. We are proud t h a t we have been a b l e t o contribute t o t h e i r rnzgnif i c e n t achievement. " (AFSC Newsreview, 8/69, 2) . �Accident a i r c r a r t , 340 h e l i c o p t e r , 313 See A i r Force Systems Cornand. AFSC. Agathadaemon canal (~ars), 316 Agnew, Vice President Spiro T., 325, 354-355' AH-56.A ( ~ h e y e n n)e ( h e l i c o p t e r ) 313 A M . See American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and Astronautics. A i r Force Systems Command (AFSC), 313, 356 A i r p o l l u t i o n , 334-335, 344 A i r Transport A s s n . of h e r i c a , 334-335 A i r c r a f t , 313, 338, 340, 354 A i r p o r t s , 317-318, 334 Aldrin, L/C Edwin E . , Jr. (uSAF) An0110 U mission commemorative medal, 330 extravehicular a c t i v i t y , 321 flight, 334 lunar landing, 315, 326 medical a s p e c t s , 328 p r e s s conference, 333-334 quarantine, 328, 331 s i g n i f i c a n c e o f , 333, 337 TV interview, 341 awards and honors, 335-336 commorative stamp ceremony, 348 t r i b u t e t o , 335-336 A l g o l IIB (rocket engine), 350 Algol 111, 350 h e r i c a n A i r l i n e s , 352 Amlrican I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AM), 346 American Society f o r Engineering Education, 344 Ames Research Center (ARC), 351 , Anaheim, C a l i f . , 346 Andrews AFB, Md., 315 Antenna, 312 Apollo program, 326-329, 336, 342, 345, 355 Apollo 7 mission, 345 Apollo 8 mission, 318, 345 Apollo 11 mission b i o l o g i c a l a s p e c t s , 314, 353 book, 330 commemorative medals, 330 comernorat i v e s t m p , 328, 348- 349 , , �'Apollo II mission (continued) c o s t , 326 implications of, 313-315, 322, 333-334, 339, 342, 345, 350 l a s e r e x p e r h e n t 312, 314, 343 lunar m a t e r i a l sanples, 315 -316, 320-321, 324, 343, 347, 349, 352 medical a s p e c t s , 314, 320 moving p i c t u r e film, 333, 352 p r e s s comment, 332, 335, 337, 339, 356 p r e s s conference, 333-334, 337 r e l i g i o u s a s p e c t s , 341 Apollo 11: On the Moon, 330 Apollo 13 mission, 321 ApoUo 14 mission, 321 Apollo Applications program, 345 Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package (ALSEP) 321 ARC. See Ames Research center. Argentina, 345 Argonne National Laboratory, 35 2 Arizona, 351 Arizona, Univ. o f , 347 Armstrong, Neil A. Apollo l l mission comemorative modal, 330 e x t r a v e h i c u l a r activity, 321 n i g h t , 334 lunar landing, 315, 326 medical a s p e c t s , 328 p r e s s conference, 333-334 quarantine, 328, 331 s i g n i f i c a n c e o f , 333-334, 339 . TV interview, 341 awards and honors, 335-336 comemorative stamp ceremony, 348 legacy, 337 t r i b u t e t o , 335-3363 Army Corps of Engineers, 332 A r t i f i c i a l horizon, 317 Asteroid, 346 Astronaut Apollo 11 mission comernorat i v e medals 330 comernorat i v e s t amp, 328, 348 - 349 extravehicular a c t i v i t y , 321 medical aspects, 328 , , , (ii) �AUGUST 1969 Astronaut (continued) quxrantine, 328, 331 awards and honors , ,335 336, 347- 348 press conference, 333-334, 337 t r i b u t e s t o , 335-337 TV coverage, 331 TV interview, 341 UUF, 338, 348 Astrono=y, 317, 334,-338, 340, 346, 348 A t l a n t i c O ~ e a n , 351 A t l a s (SLV-3~) -Centaur ( b o o s t e r ) , 332 ATS I ( ~ ~ ~ :1a tiions . c ATS1, 333 - ATS 111, 333 ATS N , 333 ATS V (ATS-E) Austin, Tex. , A u s t r a l i a n ~ a t i o n a lUniversity, 352 Autogiro, 341 Awards and honors, 318, 335-336, 341, 347-348, 354 B-$2 ( ~ t r a t o f o r t r e s s ) 321 Back contaainat ion, 328 Bsikonur, U.S.S.R., 3El, 353 Bales, Stephen G . , 336 , ' Barbados, West Indies, 351 Barth, Dr. Charles A,, 314 B e U , David A , 313 Ben Franklin ( r e s e a r c h submarine), 339 %me Univ. Physics I n s t i t u t e , 343 Bernier, Robert E . , 349 Berry, D r . Chsrles,A., 328, 345 Blount Postmaster General Winton M. 328, 348 Bobko, Ms j Karol H. (uSAF) 338 . Boeing Co. 334, 343 Bogard, D r . DonaLd, 347 Bologna, Univ. o f , 327 Borman, L/C Frank (uSAF) 329 Boulder, Colo 312 Bradley I n t e r n a t i o n a l Airport, 317 B r i t i s h A i r c r a f t Corp., 343 Brown, Judge John R . , 341 Bucharest, Romania, 314, 3 5 B u f - f b , Ronald J. 313 , . , , , , ., , (iii) �Surke, Rep. J. Herbert, 338 C-5A mil it as^ cargo t r a n s p o r t ) , 338, 340, 354 C-141 ( m i l i t a r y t r a n s p o r t ) 354 C a l i f o r n i a , 351 C a l i f o r n i a I n s t i t u t e of Technology ( ~ a ~l e c h ) , 318, 323, C a l i f o r n i a , Univ. of Berkeley, 3 4 Los Angeles, 346 Santa Barbara, 317 Csnbarra, A u s t r a l i a , 35 2 Cape Canaveral, F l a . , 338 Cape Kennedy, F l a . 338 Cape Kennedy Regional A i r p o r t , F l a . , 317 Ceausescu, President Nicolae ( ~ o m a n i a ) 314 Ceberus canal ( ~ a r s ) 3 6 Centaurus ( c o n s t e l l a t i o n ) , 338 Cernan, LCdr. Eugene A. (UST), 321 m i c a g o , Ill., 317, 335 Clarke, Arthur C. 348 Cohn, V i c t o r , 345 C o l l i e r , Robert J. Trophy, 341, 354 C o l l i n s , Col. Michael (USAF) ApoLlo 11 mission comemorat ive medal, 330 , 339 , , , , , flight, 334 l u n a r landing, 333 medical a s p e c t s , 328 p r e s s conference, 333- 334 quarantine, 328, 331 s i g n i f i c a n c e o f , 333 TV interview, 344 awards and honors, 335-336 comemorat ive stamp ceremony, 348 t r i b u t e t ~ ,335-336 Colorado, Univ. o f , 314 . Columbia Univ., 328 Cornmications s a t e l l i t e , 312, 338, 344, 353 C m m i c a t i o n s S a t e l l i t e Corp. ( ~ o m S a t ~ o r p )331, , Conputers, 350 Concorde (u. K. - ~ r a n c e )supersonic t r a ~ s p r t 343 Condon, D r . Edward U . , 347 Congress, 336, 355 Congress, House of Representatives, 323 , 344, 349 �AUGUST 1969 . ' Congress, House of Representatives (continued) Committee on Science and ~stronaut ics , 330 Subcornittee on NASA Oversight, 332 Congrqss, Senate, 331, 338 Cornittee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 318-320, 324 Conner, Dr. J. P., 338 Constan, Dr. George N t , 3 3 Coons, Roy G. , 320 Cosmos CCXCI (u.S.S.R. satellite), 321 Cosmos CCXCII, 339 Cosmos CCXCIII, 340 Coslnos CCXCIV, 343, 351 Cosmos CCXCV, 345 Cosmos CCXCVI, 353 Crews, L/C Albert H. (USAF) , 338 Crippen, L / C ~ X . Robert L. (USN), 338 Ddley, Mayor Richard J. , 335 Daniel. and Florence Guggenheim International Astronautics Award, 345 Davies, Merton E., 339 Debas, Dr. Kurt H., 329, 349 Defense, Dept, of (DOD), 340, 3h3, 354 Delta N (boster), 326 Denver, Colo., 347 Dirksen, Sen. Everztt T., 326 Distinguished Service Med,al (WLSA) , 336, 345 DOD. See Xefense, Dept. of. Dryden, Dr. Hugh L. , 348 Duke, Capt. Charles L., Jr. (USAF), 321 Dulles li3ternational Airport, Va., 340' Earth Resources Observation Satellite progran, 331 Eastern Test Range (ETR), 326, 332, 351 Eisenhower, Mrs. Dytght D. , 336 Electronics Research Center (ERC) (NASA), 3 7 Ellington AFB, Tex., 340 Engle, Capt. Joseph H. (uSAF), 32L Environaental Science Services Administration (ESSA), 312 See Electronics Research Center. ERC. ESRO. See European Space Research Organization. Europe, 313 European Space Research and Technology Center, 350 European Space Research Organization (ESRO), 350 Evans, L. J., 315 Evans, LC&. Ronald E, (USN) , 321 Evans, Rowland, 342 �AUGUST 1969 Evans, D r . W. D m , 338 E x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l l i f e , 314, 324, 325 Extravehicular a c t i v i t y (EVA), 32l, 328 Faget, D r . Maxime A., 348 Federal Polytechnic, Zurich, 343 Ferguson, Cen. James (USAF), 313 -"First Man on the Moon" (commemorative postage stamp), 328, 348-349 Flying Baton ( a r t i f i c i a l horizon device), 317 Frank, M. P., 350 Frankel, Max, 342 Frankford Arsenal, 341 N l b r i g h t , Sen. J. W i l l i a m , 3 3 F u l l e r t o n , Msj Charles G. (usAF) 338 N t o n , Rep. James G . , 337 l?unkhouser, D r . John, 347 Gallup, George, p o l l , 324,'330 Geiss, D r . Johannes, 343 Generdl Dynamics Corp. 324 General E l e c t r i c Co. , 353 Gentry, M a j J e r a u l d R. (USAF) 344 Geographos ( p l a n e t o i d ) 346 Geological Society of America, 349 C i l r u t h , D r . Robert R. , 329, 348 Glenn, Col. John H. , Jr. (USMC, Bet. ) 347 Glomzr Challenger (drilling ship), 326 Goddard, Mrs. Esther, 336 ~ o d d a r d ,D r . Robert H. 336, 348 Goddard Space F l i g h t Center (GSFC), 312, 325, 330, 350 Goldstone Tracking Station, 330 G r i s s m , Mrs. Virgil I . , 336 Grumnaa A i r c r a f t Engineeriw Corp., 315 CSFC. See Goddard Space Flight Center. Guam, 328, 342 G u l f Stream D r i f t , 339 Guman, Mme. Anna E . , 337 Hage , George H. 329, 343 Haise, Fred W . , Jr., 321 H a n i l t e r , Leon C . , Jr., 350 Harris survey, 349 H-%rtford, Conn., 3 7 Hsrbsfield, Maj. Henry W., Jr. (uSAF), 338 Harvard College Observatory, 327 Hayashi, Tsuyoshi, 350 Health, Education, and Welfare, Dept of (HEW), 329 Helian, R. D., 339 . , , . , , , ' , , , . �Helicopter, 313 Heliodyne Corp., 325 Hellas (Mars), 323 Herr, D r . Kenneth C., 323 Hsrrick, D r . S a w e l , Jr., 346 Herriman, Aim G . , 339 Hess, D r . Harry H. 349 Hess, D r . Wilmott N . , 9 2 , 3&7 Hines, William, 9 6 , 329, 348 HL-10 ( l i f t i n g - b o d y vehicle ) 321 Honolulu, H a w a i i , 328 Hord, D r . C h ~ r l e s , 323 Horowitz, D r . Norman H. , 339 Housing and Urban Developaent, Dept. o f (w), 317 Houston, Tex- 315, 320, 335, 337, 341, 342, 347-3b8 Humphrey, Vice President Hubert H,, 336 Humphrey, Mrs. Hubert H., 336 Rynek, Dr. J. Allen, 347 IATA. See I n t e r n a t i o n s l A i r Transport Assn. Indian Ocean, 317 Ingalls, R. P. 346 I l l i n o i s I n s t i t u t e of Technology, 354 Institute S e o f i s i c o del Peru, 323 L n t e l s a t I ( ~ a r l y~ i r d )( comunicat ions satellite) 312, 344 I n t e l s a t - T I F-3 ( I n t e l s a t 11-C; A t l a n t i c II), 312 I n t e l s a t - 1 1 1 F-2, 312, 344 I n t e l s a t I11 F-'S, 331 I n t e l s a t - 1 1 1 , 339 Inter-Agency Cornittee on Back Contamination, 328 I n t e r i o r , D a p t . o f , 32C I n t emat i o n a l A i r Transport Assn. ( NTA) 35 3 I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s t r o n a u t i c a l Congress, 345 Lnt ernat i o n s l cooperat i o n , 315 I n t e r n a t i o n a l cooperat ion, space ,' 3 3 , 344 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Symposium on Spsce Technology, Eighth, 353 Iowa, Univ. o f , 317 I s l a n d Creek Coal Co . , 323 Jeckass F l a t s , Nev., 335 Jar,an, 342, 350 J e t Propulsion Lsbaratory (JPL) ( ~ a ~l e c h ) ,312, 31L-316, 330, 339, 350 Jcint Chiefs of Staff, 335 Jones, D r . Norman D. 314 J u p i t e r (planet ) 317. Ks?ry=, Wslter J., 345 , , , , , , , , (vii) �Kazakhstan, U.S.S.R., 325 Kennedy, John F. I n t e r n a t i o n a l Airport, N. Y. 317, 335 Kennedy Space Center (KSC), 338, 345, 348 Kerwin, LC&. Joseph P. (USN), 340 Khan, President Yahya ( ~ a k i s t a n ) ,312 Kiesinger, Chancellor Kurt G. (west ~ermany) 324 Xing, D r . Elbert A. 327, 346 Kirchner, Englebert, 355 Kleen, D r . Werner J. 350 Kozyrev, Nikolay, 334 Kraft, Christopher C., Jr., 329, 350 Lahore, Pakistan, 312 Lamont Geological Observatory, 328 Lampang, Thailand, 345 Langley Research Center ( L ~ R C ) , 350, 353, 354 Lannan John, 330 Lars en, Agne-v E 341 Laser experiment, 312, 314, 343 Lee, Capt. Chester M. (uSN, Ret.), 343 Leighton, D r . Robert B., 323, 339 Leningrad, U.S.S.R., 334 Loovy, Conway B., 339 Lick Observatory, 312, 314, 343 Lifting-body vehicle, 321, 344 Lima, Pzru, 320 Lindsay, Mayor John V . , 335 Ling Temco Vought Aerospace Corp. 350 L i s i t z i n , D r . Aleksadr P . , 328 Lockheed A i r c r a f t Corp. 337 Lockheed-California Co., 313 Lackheed-C~lifornia Corp. , 313 Lockheed-Georgia C o . 340 Los Alamos S c i e n t i f i c Laboratory, 3-27, 338 Los Angeles, C a l i f . 3 3 , 335 -336, 342 Los Angeles International Airport, 336 Lovell, Capt. James A . , Jr. (USN), 321 Low, George M . , 329 LRL. See Lunsr Receiviw Lzboratory. Lunar Orbiter (program), 340 Lunar Receiving Laboratory (LRL) 312-314, 316, 320, 321, 324, 328, 347 Lupus ( c o n s t e l l a t i o n ) , 338 MacDonald, Dr. Gordon J. F . , 317 , , , , , , ., , , , , , McDonald, D r . James E ., 347 McDonald Observatory, 312, 343 ( v i i i) �McDonnell Douglas Corp., 324, 337 . Magnetosphere , 351 an on t h e Moon" (CBS News recording), 352 Manke, John A . , 321 Manned Orbiting ~ a b o r a t o r(MOL) ~ , 3 3 , 338, 348 M3nned space f l i g h t , 312, 313 315, 316, 348 Manned Spaeeeraf't Center ( M S C,~ 312, 324, 328, 329, 3 X , 333-33hy 339, 345, 347, 34% 350, 352 Mariner VI ( ~ a r spmbe) 315, 318, 323, 339-340 Mariner V I I ( ~ a r sprobe 312, 318, 323 Mars (planet) atmosphere, 314, 318, 323, 354 c r a t e r s , 314, 3 6 , 323, 339 canals, 314, 33-6, 3 8 . exploration of, 315, 322, 326, 332 . funding, 316, 324, 325 i n t e r n a t i o n a l cooperation, 3 3 manned, 316, 3 9 , 323-325, 332, 341, 342, 346 plans for, 319, 320, 353 spacecraft, 3 9 unmanned, 325, 342 l i f e on, 323,'325- photographs, 312, 315, 316, 3 8 , 339 poles, 316, 318 surface, 3 8 , 323, 339, 340 temperature, 3 4 , 323 water on, 354 Marshall Space F l i g h t Center (MSFC), 324, 344, 350, ,352 Martin Marietta Corp., 325 Mason, Harold P. , 354 Massachusetts I n s t i t u t e of Technology (ldIT) . Lincoln Laboratory, 346 Mattingly, L t . Thomas K., 11 (urn), 321 May, Chester B., 339 Medal of Freedom, 336 Menconi, Ralph J., 330 Mercatar, Gerardus, 355 Mercator project ion, 355 Mercury (planet) , 340, M i a m i , Univ. of I n s t i t u t e of Marine 'Science, 328 Michel, D r . F. C u r t i s , 320, 345-346 . Michoud Assembly F a c i l i t y , 313 Miller, Rep. George P., 339 ' . 1, �AUGUST 1969 Mineralogical S o c i e t y of America, 349 M i t c h e l l , LCdr. E d g a r D. (USN), 321. Mohole, P r o j e c t , 349 Moon d i s t a n c e from earth, 314 laboratoxy, 334 landing manned, 315, 321, 326-327, 333-334, 337, 345 commemorative stamp, 328, 348-349 legal a s p e c t s , 350 l a s e r experiment, 312, 314, 343 Lunar Receiving Lsboratory (I;RL), 312-314, 316, 320-321, 324, 328, 347 surface s m p l e , 313, 315-316, 320-321, 343, 349 biological t e s t s , 314, 353 preliminary study, 324, 347, 352 INS-4 ( ~ a p s n e s er o c k e t ) , 350 MSC. See Manned Spacecraft Center. MSFC. See Marshall S p a c e F l i g h t Center. MU3D (~apaneser o c k e t ) , 342 Mueller, D r . George E., 316, 319-320, 329 Murray, D r . Bruce C., 339 NASA Comrnunications Network (NASCOM) 35 2 NASA Office of Manned Space F l i g h t (OMSF), 352 NASA Offfce of Space Science and Applications (oss,~), 333, 351 NASC. See National Aeronautics and Space Council. NAS-NXC Space Science Board, 317, 349 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) 317, 349 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) a s t r o n a ~ ~c et l e b r a t ions, 335-336, 339, 341 c o s t , 342 awards and honors, 3 8 , 335-336, 345, 347-348 budget, 318-320, 324 c o n t r a c t , 324-325, 334, 33'7, 350, 352-353 cooperat i o n , irrternat i o n d 313 c r i t i c i s m , 327-328, 345-346, 348 f a c i l i t i e s , 332 launch , , , , failure I n t e l s a t - I 1 1 F-5, 338 Pioneer E, 351 s a te l l i t e ATS V (ATS-E), 332-333 OSO VI (OSO-G), 326-33 �National Aeronautics and Space Administrat ion (continued) l e g a l s u i t , 341 l i f t i n g - b o d y v e h i c l e , 321, 344 msnagement 332 organization, 329 personnel, 312-313, 320, 329, 338, 343, 345, 348-350, 352, .program a e r o n a u t i c s 317 Apollo, 326-329, 336, 342, 345, 355 astronomy, 317, 319, 322 . Mariner, 314-316, 319, 325, 330-331, 341 nuclear propulsion, 322-323 R&D, 324 space s t a t i o n , 322-323, 344 t r a c k i n g , 320 . Viking, 320, 330, 353 t e s t , 335 National Aeronautics and Space CouncFl (NASC), 336, 354 National A i r Exposition, Second, 340 . National Amateur Astronomers convention, 347 Nationail P o s t a l Forum, 348 National Press Club, 321 N a t i o n d Research Council (NRC) 317, 349 National Science Foundat ion (NSF), 349 National Space Club, 322 National Space Hall of Fame, 347-348 National Spsce Science Data Center, 325 Naugle , Dr. John E. 3% Naval. Re search Laboratory, 327 Neptune (planet) 317 NERVA. See Nuclear Engine f o r Rocket Vehicle Application. Neugebauer, D r . Gerry, 323 Nevada, 351 New J e r s e y Div. of Clean A i r and Water, 334 New Mexico, Univ. o f , 327 New York, N.Y., 331, 335 New York S t a t e Univ., 347 Newark Airport, 334 . Nix OZympica ( ~ a r sc r a t e r ) , 316 Nixon. President Richard M. i p o ~ I ol x i s s i o n , 315, 342 astronauts s t a t e dinner f o r , 336-337 , , , , , 354 �Nixon, President Richard M. (continued) offi c e performance, 330 space progrm, 325 world t o u r , 3 2 , 314-315, 342 Nixon, Mrs ; Richard M. , 314, 336; 342 Noise, a i r c r a r t , 317-318 North American A i r Defense Command (NOW), 351 North American Rockwell Corp., 325, 337 Northrop, John K. 346 Northsop Corp. , 346 Northwestern Univ. , 347 Nova Scotia, Canada, 339 Novak, Robert, 342 NSF. See National Science Foundation. Nuclear Eng5ne f o r Rodcet Vehicle Application (NERVA) , 319, 0.0. See Orbiting Astronomical Observatory. Oberth, Hermann,' 346 Oceanography, 328, 339 0 Hair, Madalyn Murray, 341 0 'Hare I n t e r n a t i o n a l Airport, D l . 317, 335 0 'Keefe W i l l i a m J., 317 OSF. S e e W A O f f i c e of Manned S p a c e F l i g h t . Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (QAo), 320 Orlando, Fla., 325 OSO I (Orbiting S o l a r observatory), 327 . OSO 11, 327 OSO 111, 327 , 335 , , , pso IV; 327 OSO 7 , 327 OSO VI (OSO-G), 326-3Zi' oso-c, 327 OSSA. See NAS4 Office of Space Science and Applications. Otopeni Airport, Romqia, 314 ~ k s orl a r s y s t e m : A g o g r a m f o r Exploration, 317'" Overmyer, Maj. Robert F. (USMC), 338 owen,. obia as 354 Owens, M i s s Heather A . , 320 P a c i f i c Ocem, 342 Paine, D r . Thonss O., 318-319, 321-322, 329, 335, 336, 354-355 Pakistan, 312 Palmer, John S . , 335 Paris, France, 349 Park, Chauncey C., 320 Pasadena, C a l i f . , 315 Pegasus I11 (meteoroid detect ion s a t e l l i t e ) 317 , , (xii) �AUWST ' 1969 . Peterson, Maj Donald R . (w), 338 Petrone, Rocco, 329 Philadelphia, Pa. 341 P h i l l i p s , L/G Samuel C. (USAF) 329 Piccard, Jacques, 339 Pimentel, D r . George C . , 323 Pioneer VI ( i n t e r p i Pioneer V I I , 351 Pioneer V I I I , 351 Pioneer M, 351 Pioneer E, 351 Planetoid; 346 Plateau Elysium (~ars), 316 Plesetsk, U.S.S.R., 338, 340, 343 Pluto ( p l a n e t ) , 317 Pope AFB, N. C. 340 Post Office Dept., 32i3 Press comment Apollo program, 326 Apollo 11 mission, 3 5 , 332, 337, 356 , , , astronaut ceremonies, 335, 339 lunar samples, 315 Mariner V I , 315-316 Press conference ApolLo 11mission, 333-334 manned Mars landing, 341 Mariner V I , 314 space f a u u r e , 315 princeton Univ., 349 P r o m i r e , Sen. Willim, 338 Pulsar, 348 Radar, 346 Radiation, 323 RAmJ carp. , 339 RCA Service Co 352 Reusable launch and space vehicles, 319-320, 322 Rice Univ., 320 Rogers, A.E.E., 346 Romania, 314, 315, 342 Roosa, Capt. S t u a r t A. ( U S - 4 ~ ) 321 , Rosmond, Calif., 32i Rubin, Irene S. , 345 Rusk, Dean, 344, 346 ., (xiii) �Rusk, Dr. Howard A., 329 Rutgers Univ., 327 S - 3 (antisubmarhe aircraft), 313 Sm Diego, Calif. 328 Saturn V (boosterj, 330, 334, 337 Schaeffer, D r . Oliver A , , 352 Schaeffer, D r . S. Oliver, 347 Schmitt , Harrison, 345 Schneider, William C. , 350 Schwartz, Harry, 342 s c i e n t i s t - a s t r o n a u t , 342, 345, 349 S c i e n t i s t s , 327-328, 342 Scorpius (const elJ.@ti o n ) , 338 Scout (booster), 350 Scripps I n s t i t u t i o n of Oceanography, 328 S c u l l , WFlfred E., 350 Sea of T r a n q u i l i t y (moon), 326, 336 Seamans, Secretary of t h e A i r Force D r . Robed C., Jr., 346 Semple, Robert B. Jr 342 Sharp, Dr. Robert P., 318, 339 Shepard, Capt. MAn B. , Jr. (USN), 321, 347 Snith, Bradford A , , 339 Snow, Lord Charles (c.P. ), 350. S o l i d propellant, 350, 351 South Rogers Lake Bed, C a l i f . 344 . space biology, 314, D9, 353 Space d e b r i s , 351 Spsce l a w , 350 Space l a w treaty (proposed), 331 Space, mUitary use of, 350 Space program, national, 313? 315-325, 327-320 330-331, 341-342, 344-346, 349, 354-355 . .1 Spsce race, 326, 344 . . Space rescue, 315 Spsce r e s u l t s , 320-322, 329, 331, 344 Space s h u t t l e , 320, 322-323 Spsce s t a t i o n , 315, 320, 322, 325, 331, 344 Space Technology Applications and Research Laboratory (STARLAB), 344 Space Tracking and Dats S c q u i s i t i o n Netwoyk, 352 Spsce t r a v e l , 324 Space tug, 3M Spectrometer, 314, 323 3ST. See Supersonic transport. Stamy, James L., 313 , ., , �AUGUST 1969 See Space Technology and Research Laboratory. STARLAB. Stewart, M / G James T. (USAF) 313 Stonehenge 348 Sud Aviation, 343 Sun, 326-327 Supersonic t r a n s p o r t (SST) 340, 343 Swigert, John L., Jr., 321 T-33 ( j e t t r a i n e r ) , 340 See Transport A i r Drop and J e t t i s o n Test. TADJET. Taylor, D r . S. Ross, 352 Telescope, 312 Television, 312, 314, 316, 321, 331 335, 344 TETR C ( t e s t and t r a i n i n g s a t e ~ i t e j ,351 Thant, U.N. Secretary General U, 335 Thomas, Rep. Albert, 348 Thornton, D r . W i l l i a m E . , 349 Thrust - A w e n t ed Improved Delta (DSV-JL) (booster ) 351 Titan 111-B-Agena (booster), 347 Tokyo, Japan, 350 , , , , Tracking, 351 s t a t i o n , 320, 330 Transport A i r Drop and J e t t i s o n Test (TADJET), Transportation, Dept of (DOT), 317, 340 Trimble George S. 352 Truly L/c&. Richard H . (USN), 338 TU-144 (u.s.s.R. supersonic a i r c r a f t ) , 340 Unidentified flying object (UFO), 347 Unidentified sat e l l i t e 347 United A i r Lines, 335 United Nations (u.N. ), 331 335, 339 University College o on don j 327 Uranus (planet ) , 317 Urey, D r . Harold C., 347, 3 2 - 3 3 , U.S. A i r Force (USAF) , 342 a i r c r a f t , 338, 340, 354 cooperation, 340 launch s a t e l l i t e , 347 , , . , , MOL, 313, 338, 348 persoanel, 313, 329, 338, 348, 349 UFO, 347 U.S. h q y (USA), 340 U .S Army CoUat era1 Lnve s t igat ion Board, 313 . 340 �AUGUST ' 1969 Comptroller General, 338 U.S. Deep Sea D r j l l i n g Project, 328 U S Navy (USN) , 313 U.S. Post Office, 328, 348-349 U.S. S. Hornet, 342 U. S .s ~ m o ofn Soviet S o c i a l i s t ~ e p u b l i c)s a i r c r a f t , 340 a s t r o n o ~ ,334 cooperation, space, 313 launch probe, 325 s a t ellit e Cosmos, 321, 338, 340, 343, 345, 353 science and technology, 328 space program, 319, 322, 334 spacecraft debris, 351 supersonic t r a n s p o r t , 340 Van Allen, D r . James A . , 317 Vandenberg AFB, Calif. 347 Vela (nuclear t e s t detect ion s a t e l l i t e) , 338 Venus (planet ) , 346-347 Viking Project, 320, 330, 353 Vincze, Paul, 330 Volpe , Secretary of Transportation John A. , 340 Von Braun, D r . Wernher, 319, 324, 329, 348 . Von ~Arrnin, Theodore, 330 Vozzo, Dr. J. A , , 353 Vrebalovich, D r . Thomas, 350 VSX (a9tisuhmarine a i r c r a f t ) . See S - 3 Warner, D r . J e f f r e y L., 316 Washington, D. C. , 321, 322, 348 Washington, Univ. a f , 328, 339 Whitcomb, D r . R i c h a r d T . , 354 . White, L/C Edward H. , I1 (USAF), 348 White, Mrs. Edward H. , 11, 336 White House, 324, 342 Wilford, John Noble, 327 Williams, George E., 313 Wilson, Herbert A. , Jr. 350 WFlson, Richard, 346 Wflson, R i l e y , 3% Wise, D r . Dollald U., 346 Wolf Research and Development Corp., 325 Wood, Clotaire, 349 U.S. .. . , , �Woods Hole, Mass., 349 Woods Hole Oceanographic I n s t i t u t i o n , 328 X-2bA (lifting-body v e h i c l e ) , 344 XE (nuclear rocket engine), 335 X-ray source, 338 Yarborough, Sen. Ralph W., 324 Yorty, Mayor Samuel W., 336 Young, D r . Andrew T . , 339 Young, Cdr. John W. (uSN), 321 Zahringer, D r . Joseph, 347 Zoeckler , M/G John L, (UW) , 313 Zond V (u. S: S. R. space robe), 325 Zond V I , 325 Zond VII, 325 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000124 Title A name given to the resource "Astronautics and Aeronautics August 1969: A Chronology on Science, Technology, and Policy (HHR-23)." Description An account of the resource Comment draft. Text drafted by Science and Technology Division, Library of Congress. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Library of Congress. Science and Technology Division NASA Historical Division (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-08 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn Project (U.S.) Science and state Space race Technology and state Type The nature or genre of the resource Chronologies (list) Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 32, Folder 26 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000119_000149 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/18214 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1268/spc_stnv_000125.pdf 77f76bdbb0d04dd4dcda25ca835791f6 PDF Text Text �J U L Y 1 9 6 9 �July 1: Apollo 8 Astronaut Frank Borman and family flew from New York f o r nine-day tour of U.S.S.R. I n s t i t u t e f o r Soviet-American Relations i n Moscow had extended i n v i t a t i o n through Soviet h b a s s y i n Washington, D.C. I t i n e r a r y included Moscow, Leningrad, Novosibirsk, and Crimea. (W Post, 7/1/69, A15; AP, W S t a r , 7/1/69, A4) PrelimFnary investigation had revealed l e a k i n small f u e l l i n e on Saturn V 1 s t stage (s-IC-11) No. 3 engine had caused June 26 f i r e , MSFC announced. B a r d had been convened t o conduct f u r t h e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n s and recommend preventive measures. Stage's No. 3 and No. 5 engines would be replaced; other t h r e e engines received minor'damage and would be repaired i n place. Accident would n o t a f f e c t launch preparations f o r ApoUo U mission; inspection of Apollo U vehicle SA-506 had confirmed t h a t its high-pressure fuel l i n e s were i n good condition. (MSFCRelease 69-156) North American Rockwell Corp. consolidated i t s Rocketdyne Div. and Atomics I n t e r n a t i o n a l Div. i n t o new Power Systems Divs. headed by Jay D. Wethe, Vice President of Aerospace and Systems Group. (NAR Release N-14) U.K. Defense Ministry said it had t r a n s f e r r e d i t s nuclear s t r i k e force from delta-wing bombers t o P o l a r i s submarines. Seven eventually would be brought i n t o service. ( ~ e u t e r s ,3 Sun, 7/2/69, ~ 2 ) July 2 : European Launcher Development Organization (ELDO) attempt t o place I t a l i a n ELDO F-8 spacecraft i n t o polar o r b i t from Woomera Rocket Range f a i l e d when West German 3rd stage of Europa booster rna.lflmctioned. U.K. 1 s t stage and French 2nd stage performed s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . (2, 7/16/69, 14; AP, W Star, 7/3/69, ~ 3 ) ' Preliminary countdown demonstration t e s t (QDDT) for J u l y 16 Apollo 11 launch was successfully completed at KSC. Except f o r 3-hr 18-min hold during which technicians repaired leaky f u e l valve, 53-day t e s t had run smoothly. (AP, 3 Sun, 7/3/69, ~ 4 ) Unofficial Communist sources said U.S.S.R. would launch unmanned Luna spacecraft July 10, which would attempt t o scoop up lunar sample and r e t u r n it t o e a r t h , Associated Press reported. Sources s a i d launch would be t h i r d attempt t o conduct successful mission; f i r s t had reportedly exploded on launch pad a t Baikonur in e a r l y A p r i l , and second had exploded i n f l i g h t June 14, when 2nd stage i g n i t e d . One source s a i d Soviet space o f f i c i a l s were "very disturbed over the success of the American ApoUo program. Losing t h e moon r a c e will be a t e r r i b l e blow t o them." (B Sun, 7/3/69, ~ l ) �Cosmonauts Gherman S, Titov, Konstantin P. Feoktistov, and Georgy J u l y 2: T. Deregovy were among Soyiet o f f i c i a l s who met Astronaut Frank Borman and family on a r r i v a l at Moscow's Sheremetyevo Airport at s t a r t of nineday U.S.S.R. v i s i t . Asked i f S o v i e t cosnionaut might visit U.S., Bom)an said; " I ' m sure t h a t will be discusced. Cooperation i n space a c t i v i t i e s i s an important aspect of t h e space program. " Bomans breakfasted i n Moscow and returned t o a i r p o r t f o r flight t o Leningrad. Schedule called f o r v i s i t t o Vzyozdni Gomdok--Star City--where cosmonauts l i v e d and t o space comunicat ions c e n t e r i n Crimea; nothing i n program indicated v i s i t t o U.S.S.R. launching center at Bsikonur i n Kazakhstan. (AP, W -9S t a r 7/2/69, ~ 1 4 ) Time-Life , Inc. , w o u l d pay minhum of $400,000 f o r exclusive book r i g h t s o f l u n a r landing s t o r y t o combine established by NASA astronauts i n 1959, Don Kirkman s a i d i n Washington Daily Mews. Money would be split equally i n t o 60 shares f o r 52 active astronauts and widows o f eight deceased. (W News, 7 / 2 / 6 9 , 7) NASA announced award t o Bendiq Field Engineering Corp. of $30 million, one-year, cost-plus-award-fee contract extension f o r operation and maintenance of major portion of Manned Space F l i g h t Network. Extension was t h i r d exercised under option and brought t o t a l funding t o $139,215,832. (NASA Release 69-100) 3: ApoUo ll booster, spacecraft, and Astronauts N e i l A. Armstrong, M i c h e l CoUips, and Edwin E. Aldrin, J r , , completed f i n a l countdown r e h e a r s a l t e s t . Astronauts achieved simulated liftoff a t 9 : 3 2 am EDT-exad, time aT scheduled J u l y 16 launch. Final countdown f o r manned lunar landing mission would begin July 10. (AP, B 9,7/4/69, Al0) July Apollo 11 astronauts would leave three items on lunar surface t o commemorate landing, NASA announced. S i l i c o n disc; 1%-in-dia, would carry statements by Presidents Eisenhower , Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon; messages of goodwill frorh leaders of 73 countries; l i s t of l e a d e r s of Congress and members of four Congressional committees responsible f o r NASA I e g i s h t i o n ; and names of NASA's t o p management, p a s t and present. Statements, messages, and names had been etched on d i s c by process used t o make microminiature e l e c t r o n i c c i r c u i t s . Each message had been reduced 200 times, t o b a r e l y v i s i b l e dot. Twee- by five-foot nylon American f l a g with tubing along t o p edge would be erected on eight-foot aLwlinum staff on airless moon. Two o t h e r U.S. flags and f l a g s f'rorn 136 nations and 50 U.S. s t a t e s would be carried t o mon and returned t o earth. Plaque on LM descent stage �July 3 (continued) would bear i m ~ e sof two hemispheres of e a r t h and i n s c r i p t i o n , "1,Lere men from t h e p l a n e t e a r t h first s e t foot upon t h e moon July 1969, A.11. We came i n peace f o r all mankind." It would bear names of Apollo 11 crew-Astronauts Neil A . Armstrong, Edwin P;. Aldrin, Jr., and Michael Collins-and President Nixon. (NASA Releases 69-03E, 69-83F, 69-838) . A t Leningrad news conf csence during U. S. S R. t o u r , Astronaut Frank Borrnan s a i d he hoped U . S . and Soviet spacemen would fly t o g e t h e r i n J o i n t mission by mid-1:YIOs. (Neuters, W ]Post, 7/4/69, ~ 3 ) E d i t o r i a l in W ~ s h i n ~ t 0l'ost n e n t i t l e d "Our Man on the Moon" c r i t i c i z e d White IJouse decision t o l e a v e on moon plaque on Apollo 11 LM descent s t a g e with s i g n a t u r e of President Nixon: "The proposed plaque would s t a t e $hat ' w e came in peace f o r a l l mankind.' That message, t o g e t h e r with the names of t h e t h r e e brave men who made t h e , voyage would seem t o us t o be enough." E d i t o r i a J erroneously c i t e d A p r i l 1968 a r t i c l e by KASA 1Iistorian Eugene M. Emme, " H i s t o r i c a l Perspectives on Apollo," saying t h a t nowhere did Mr. Nixon's name appear. Name d i d appear with reference t o post-Sputnik statements i n October 1957 and t o promises of l u n a r landing by 19/1 i n 1960 e l e c t i o n campaign. (W post, 7 / 3 / 6 9 , A14; Journ of Spacecraft and Rockets, 4/68, 369-01) A p o l l o l l might s i g n a l end t o KSC area's economic boom, Wall S t r e e t Journal - said. NASA had announced s l a c k i n Apollo launchings and cut, i n KSC employment from 23,500 t o 18,500 persons. Brevard Counts (site of k c ) housihg construction had f L l e n some 4@, from 3,k38 u n i t s i n 1967 t o 2,080 i n 1968,and was currently down another 4%. Amount of money drawn against checking account d e p o s i t s i n county r o s e only 1% in f i r s t five months of 1969, c o n t r a s t i n g with 17% rise f o r a l l of F l o r i d a . (Prugh, WSJ, 7/3/69, 28) Message f'roq President Nixon was read at opening of s m e r session of 18-nat ion Disarmament Commit t e e i n Geneva; 'I. draft agreements have . been submitted by the United S t a t e s and by t h e Soviet Union t o prevent an arms race on the seabeds. Although d i f f e r e n c e s e x i s t , it should not prove beyond our a b i l i t y t o find cornan ground s o t h s t a r e a l i s t i c agreement may be achieved t h a t enhances t h e securi$y of a l l countries. ... Our g o a l should be t o present a sound seabed arms c o n t r o l measure t o the 24th General Assembly of t h e United Nations. " (E, 7/7/69, 929-30) .. �A t P a r i s press conference Sud-Aviation President Henri Ziegler July 3: denied r e p o r t s t h a t France was dropplng Concorde supersonic transport project f o r economic reasons. Milan aerodynamic system developed f o r Mirage supersonic fighter-bomber was being t e s t e d on French prototype. It consisted of two s m a l l nose wings which shortened t a k e o f f and landing runs and r e t r a c t e d i n f l i g h t t o reduce r e s i s t a n c e . (=, 7/,5/69, a 28 -B) NASA o f f i c i a l s ordered technicians t o r e p a i n t Saturn V 3rd s t a g e a f t e r they discovered o l d coating had begun t o peel. Thermal p a i n t would h e l p protect super-cold hydrogen fuels from sun's h e a t . Repainting of stage, scheduled t o boost manned Apollo U spacecraft toward moon July 16, would not a f f e c t launch date. (AP, W S t a r J 7/5/69, ~ 1 3 ) A t U.S. k b a s s y Independence Day Pasty i n Moscow, Apollo 8 Astronaut Frank Forman signed autographs with Cosmonauts Ghehan S. Titov, Georgy T. Beregovoy, and Konstantin P. Feoktistov. Among 1,000 persons attending reception given by U.S. Ambassador Jacob D. Beam were V 4 s . U y V. Kuznetsov, U.S.S.R. F i r s t Deputy Foreign Minister, and Mfkhail P. Georgadze, Secretary of t h e Presidium of t h e Supreme They were highest ranking Soviet o f f i c i a l s t o a t t e n d annual July 4 -reception since 1964 attendance of Nikita S. Khrushchev as head of government and C o m i s t Party, ( c l a r i t y , E,7/5/69, 28; AP, B 2, 7 / 5 / 6 9 , A21 Soviet. . Dr. Lee A. DuBridge, P r e s i d e n t i a l Science Adviser, addressed Independence Day celebrat ion at Dearborn, Mich. : "For untold m i l l i o n s of years t h e human animal was chained t o t h e earth. S W y y e a r s ago he found a way of soaring i n t o its atmsghere. Ten years ago he learned t o break t h e chains of p a v i t y and t o soar out i n t o space. This month the first man w i l l set foot on another world. Later t h i s month two spacecrafi w i U reach Mars and send back new information about t h a t Planet. Americans w i l l have no reason t o be ashamed of t h e i r nation on those days. Is it worth while? Is it worth while t o l i f t the spirits of m i n i o n s of human beings? If n o t , what e l s e i s w o ~ h whiLe,?" Developing l u n a r landing t ethnology was r e l a t i v e l y easy, "The laws of nature which made it possible have been well known for a long ... t h e . The engineering skills required were a v a i l a b l e and. were b r i l l i a n t l y organized. Hundreds of thousands of Americans worked together t o make this dream come t r u e . They had f a i t h and t h e y had hope. �Ctdy 4 ( ~ t ~ i ~ u e d ) The prubler& of our c l t l e s and the ither social p-oblems which besct ,us are not LaJ.l ihat'ensy. Tn t h i s area human beings are not w6rking t o ~ ~ b h but e r are In conflict. We find that we do not yet lmow the co.1rac uII these ~ r b u b i e snor do we yet have t h e mechanisms for' c u r i n @ them. l,Icnce we must study, we. m G s t experiment, we must t r y a n d we w l U o f t e n railr... And we shaLl learn from our faiiures. ( ~ e x tCli ; 5 *[/:13/6(), ~~415-7)' , ' , Analysis of 11tna.r surface would provide key to e a r t h 1r, history. by lkdicat$qg whether moon-Is origin was, catastrophic or -noncatastrophic, Pr; 11. Alf'vdn and Dr. G. Arrhenius of Univ. of California at San Diego said in Science , ~adiome6ricdating o f igneous lunar rocks,might nrovide '. information on the of' their s o l i d i f i c a t i o n . If catastr&hic . B l t e f i j t i v e was correct, rocks should date to .less t h ~ n4; 5 eons ,minhnum age of moo'n, and predominant age should-be approx'imate$y 0.7 +on, w i t h m a j o r . s u r f a c e ahd s u b s ~ f a c efeatures less than O,7 eoh. I f noncatastrsphic alternq%iveproved correct, predotninant age of . i u n q rpcks. should exceed b . eons, at least, since it was likely moon -predate-desFth;' (science,'7/4/69, 11-7) . Jhpmese freigmer 'hrd'bein hit. by wreckage of Soviet spackcraft, ~a~&ese'diplohats reported to five Western d e f e g a t i h s on .legal sUbaemmi$tee of U.N. C o m a i t t e e on Outer Space meeting in ~enkva. ; T h e 5 dnmsge .to D a i (=hi m i n e i while outside territorial waters . and near Siberian coast had p r w i b u s l y been a t t r i b u t e d t o --identi. f i d .ob.1cct. . It was 'beliebed to be first authenticated case of io&estjial d-ge k a i s k a by falling objects. (Harniltah, . . :7/5%69,' 28) e, a '. A p o D 1l Astronauts N e i l A. ~ r i e t r o h(com&der), ~ ~dwin-~. held.pGess conference at MSC. A s t r o n a u t s ,were seated .50: ft.f'rom' ne+rebt newsmesl. h d were partially enclosed Fn plastic booth as ;>art of g&an to limi*. '&ewt$ c o n t a c t s . during'21 days' ir&ediatel$: preceding Colllns,told hres's that .flight:arPd prevent-dwefoprnent of ilJness. A-om CM viewpoint, Apollo h should n o t be very d i i y e r e n t A.om previous. manned Apollo missions. Only major differences .would be . i n c l u s i o n Q? sleep period , i n h i s one -day.so10 flight aro,,lhdmoon, in CM and p6ss1biiity of different CSM/LM ,reDdezmus 'seq&n.:es h c e .'yould be s t a t i o n a r y op lunar surf ace. Collins s a i d 'h.-- d i d 'not.. . f e e l : "slighiest b i t ' frustrated" @out goih& t - o moon & h u t 1gndir.g . . oh 'itt .' "I 'rh mirig 99;9. .. bercent df t h e ' &.y there, ~d chat suits me ,: Jr. (LM p q t ) , a@d Michael ~ o l l i q s(CM. ' , , . �July 5 (cuntll~ued) flne. " LM fliellt plan would pick up where Apollo 10 left off with pkGsing maneuver, Aldrln explained, There would be number of "firsts" : " t h e ult i1m.te te:;i;, " actual touchdown; 1 / (~ ; environment ; new thermal conditlolis; two-man KVA on l u n a r surface; sleeping i n LM on moon; star s i g h t - . iq: teel~il.iquew i t h alignment telescope on l u n a r surface ; and powered Q S C P ~from ~ tnooli with seven-minute engine burn. One of important early ' a c t i . v l t i c s a f t e r c x i t i n c from LM on moon would be determining b e s t pace for wvhc a b u t : " .there have been several d i f f e r e n t techniques elnployeci 111 t h e partial zero g r a v i t y training. And, it looks l i k e you It a l s o looks as though call rmlk conventionally one foot after another. you can do G two-footed hop--Kangaroo style. " I n trainingl i n aircraft flown a t 1/6 g, ."a f a i r l y r a p i d pace" appeared q u i t e easy t o perform, "It looks l i k e we shouldn't have t o p much d i f f i c u l t y i n moving a t somet h i n g like 6 , 8, o r 10 miles per hour." I n response t o question on procedures during descent, Armstrong s a i d crew would use "somewhat hybrid methods of manual and automatic, The predicted method a t t h i s p o i n t , although we have a g r e a t d e a l of f l e x i b i l i t y and choice, based on t h e s i t u a t i o n a t t h e time, would be t o m a l n t a i n manual c o n t r o l of a t t i t h d e and automatic c o n t r o l of t h r o t t l e through t h e f i n a l descent from an a t i t u d e of somewhere between 503 and 1000 f e e t urrtil such time as the automatic t h r o t t l e r a t e d descent was unsatisfactory, at which time w e ' l l go f u l l manual on t h e t h r o t t l e . , . f l y i n g it i n a manner l i k e a normal VTOL machine . would be flown." N and LM had been s e l e c t e d a s "representative of Code names f o r C t h e flight, t h e n a t i o n ' s hope," Armstrong revealed. L! would be c a l l e d "Eagle" for U. S n a t i o n a l emblem, and CM would be c a l l e d "Columbia" f o r U . S . symbol) s t a t u e on t o p of Capitol, and J u l e s Verne's f i c t i o n a l spacecraft, "Columbiad, " which flew t o moon 100 y r s ago. ransc script ; OtT091e, W Post, 7/6/69, U ) .. . . Bopny, pig-tailed monkey launched on b a r d NASA B i o s a t e l l i t e 111 Juqe 29, was showing marked decxease in i n t e r e s t and efficiency. s Although he was s t i l l i n s a t i s f a c t o r y physical condition, Bonny vas becoming much l e s s energetic and w a s consuming l e s s food and water. ( M , W Star, 7/5/69, A3; w Post, 7/5/69, ~ 6 ) ,ApoD '10 commander Thomas P, Stafford received Flying Tiger P i l o t Trophy, presented every two years by Flying Tigers, group of World War I1 veterans. Trophy was presented during q t h reunion i n Ojai, C e l i f . . (AP, W -Star, 7/7/69, ~ 2 ) ', ��July 7 (continued) a c r o s s t h e skies. " U. S. S.R. would continue t o put g r e a t s t r e s s on space and move ahead s t e a d i l y . " . . . t h e r e ' s always t h e danger t h a t we may f e e l we can r e l a x now--having a t t a i n e d t h e lunar god--and perhaps slack off. .i f \(re were not t o s t a r t new programs now, I t h i n k t h e s i t u a t i o n might well reverse and the Soviets might once again develop superior technol o g i c a l c a p a b i l i t i e s i n space." Space technology could a f f e c t future defence posture. " . . . i n t h e p a s t , wherever man has flown f a r t h e r and higher and f a s t e r , wherever he has developed new c a p a b i l i t y t o observe from h i g h e r a r e a s , t o c a r r y out opexations i n new media, t h i s has had a major e f f e c t on t h e equations of i n t e r n a t i o n a l power. We're q u i t e confident that t h i s w i l l probably be t r u e again i n space." Application of space t o defense area was D O D t s job. "We do not consider Apollo a p p l i c a t i o n s as any kind of s u b s t i t u t e f o r MOL." Journey of man t o another s o l a r system w a s "completely out of t h e realm of p o s s i b i l i t y " for next generation; '"but i n t h e more d i s t a n t f u t u r e , i f .it were ever p o s s i b l e . . . t o c o n t r o l t h e energy of nuclear . fusion and adapt it in some e f f i c i e n t way t o t h e propulsion of spacecraf't, it might be p o s s i b l e t o t h i n k J,n terms of longer voyages t o another staz." FqdamentaJ. brealdhrough would have t o be made. Chance t h a t l i f e existed i n o t h e r s o l a r systems seemed "absolutely 103 per cent. " (US N e w s , 7/7/69) .. . White House announced President Nixon had canceled plans t o dine with Apollo ll astronauts July 15, eve of launch. MSC Director of Research and Medical Operations, D r . Charles A. Berry, had expressed concern t h a t crew m i g h t catch earthly i l l n e s s from President, which could comp1icat;e lunar landing mission. (AP, B Sun, 7/8/69) Apollo I l lunar samples wouLd not be f i r s t moon material t o reach earth and t o undergo s c i e n t i f i c examination, Los Angeles Times quoted D r . Dean R. Chapman, Chief of ARC Thermo and Gas-Dynamics Div., as saying in interview, Tekites--molten pieces of lunar surface i n form of chunks of black glass--had f a l l e n t o earth when meteorites s t r u c k moon w i t h tremendous force. Most recent t e k t i t e shower had occurred 700,000 yrs ago. While t e k t i t e s r o r i g i n was matter of s c i e n t i f i c dispute, Dr. Chapman believed most commonly held theory-l u n a r o r i g i n . I n working out shower's t r a j e c t o r y , he had determined t e k t i t e s came from Tycho c r a t e r on moon s southern hemisphere. He believed Tycho t o be 700,030 y r s o l d and t h a t c r u s t s of e a r t h and of moon were i n t a a t e l y r e l a t e d . ( ~ e t z e ,LA Times, 7/7/69) - �~ewsweek's431d space age cover s t o r y since October 1957 contained JuJy ' l : comments from "opinion makers" on Apollo l l mission. D r . Robert Jastrow, Director of NASAt s Coddard I n s t i t u t e f o r Space Studies, said s c i e n t i f i c basis f o r mission was t o discover secret of earth ' s past through study of lunarr rocks. Resolution of "cold moon" versus "hot moon" theory controversy- -whether moon e i t h e r was formed cold, or cooled off s h o r t l y after its b i r t h , o r was l i k e e a r t h molten o r partly molten inside with volcanic surface--"may r i d e with Apollo ll." Southern Christian Leadership Conference President, t h e Rev. Ralph D. Abernathy, said: "A society t h a t can resolve t o conquer space ; t o put man i n a place where i n ages past it was considered only God could reach; t o appropriate vast b i l l i o n s ; t o systematically s e t about t o discover the necessary s c i e n t i f i c knowledge; t h a t society deserves both acclaim and our contempt. ,acclaim f o r achievement and contempt f o r bizarre s0cia.l values. For though it has the capacity t o meet extraordinary challenges, it has f a i l e d t o use i t s ability t o r i d i t s e l f of the scourges of racism, poverty and war, a l l of which were b r u t a l l y scarring t h e nation even as it mobilized -for t h e a s s a u l t on t h e solar system. " Anthropologist D r . Margaret Mead said: . "This can be a firit s t e p , not i n t o space alone, but i n t o t h e disciplined and courageous use of enhanced human powers f o r man, enobled as he i s today, as t h e f i r s t men step on the moon. " Philosopher Lewis Mmford said : "Space exploration. i s s t r i c t l y a m i l i t a r y by-product ; and without pressure from t h e Pentagon and t h e Kremlin it would never have found a place i n any national budget. " Best hope was "that t h i s colossal perversion of energy, thought and other precious human resources may awaken a spontaneous collective reaction s u f f i c i e n t t o bring us down t o e a r t h again. Any square mile of inhabited e a r t h has more significance for man's Rrture tham all t h e planets in our solar system. " (~ewsweek, 6/7/69, 3 , 60-1) . .. Original equipment o f f ield-sequential color TV system which would be used by Apollo 11 t o transmit pictures from moon [ s e e April 51 was presented t o Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n by inventor D r . Peter C. Goldmark, President of CBS Laboratories. Apollo 11 would c a r r y three-pound miniaturization of system i n Westinghouse camera. (Schaden, W S t a r , 7/8/69, ~ 1 ) * DOD announced award of $356,713,045 f ixed-price contract t o KcDonnell Douglas Corp. f o r ~ - Phantom b I1 high-performance J e t fighter a i r c r a f t f o r USN and USAF use. (DOD Release 568-69; AP, W Post, 7/8/69, ~ 1 5 ) �July 7-8 : NASA terminated Biosat e U i t e 111 mission t o determine long-term e f f e c t s of weightlessness on living organisms when Bonny, p i g - t a i l e d monkey on board, registered extremely low metabolic s t a t e and refused t o d r i n k water a f t e r receiving 10 emergency water commands. Spacecraft had been scheduled t o remain i n o r b i t 30 days after h u n c h June 29, but monkey's condition--as indicated by s t e a d i l y lowering body temperature, reduced heart r a t e , shallow breathing, substantial periods of sleep during day, and general sluggishness--had declined s t e a d i l y for several days, Spacecraft separated and parachute deployed successfully , but space c r a f t reentered 100 m i downrange f'rom expected point and recovery a i r c r a f t was unable t o r e t r i e v e it in midair as planned. Capsule w a s recovered from Pacific o f f coast of Kauai a t 7:36 pm EDT, minutes a f t e r splashdown, and flown t o Hickam AFB, Hawaii, laboratories, where monkey. was removed from capsule immediately and given h t e n s i v e care. Without p r i o r warning from changes i n physiological parameters being recorded, Bonny died suddenly at 6 :04 am EDT July 8. Autopsy performed s h o r t l y after death suggested d e t e r i o r a t i o n in health had been caused by heart f a i l u r e brought about by weightlessness and lower-than-normal body temperature. Detailed analyses of data would be made during next s i x months and formal report would be issued after Jan. 1, lg(0, Despite curtailed length of mission, experimenters expected s i g n i f i c a n t results. (NASA Proj Off; ARC Astrogram, 7/17/69, 1) J u l y 8: Rep. John V. Tunney (D-calif.) intr0ducedH.J.R. 810, "designating the day which man lands on the moon, and t h e anniversary of t h a t day each year t h e r e a f l e r as a national holiday t o be known a s 'Space Exploration Day. I!' Resolution was referred t o House Judiciary Committee, ( C R , ' ' 7/8/69, ~ 5 7 2 5 CBS Enterprises Inc. announced f i r s t agreement f o r r e g u l a r s a t e l l i t e transmission of news s t o r i e s had been reached with CBS Newsfilm subscribers in Australia and Japan. It would eventually lead t o d a i l y , i n s t ant aneous, a t ercont i n e n t a l transmission of TV news by s a t e l l i t e , company said. (CBS Enterprises Release, 7/8/69) Apollo 8 Astronaut Frank Borman met i n Moscow with Mstislav V. Keldysh, President of Soviet Acadew of Sciences, and spent 40 min with 'u.s.s.R. President Nikolay V. Podgorny i n t a l k which Bonnan s a i d was "encouraging and beneficial" i n efforts t o achieve U. S. -U. S. S. R , . cooperation i n space. (AP, W Post, 7/10/69, A23) July 9 : - ��+ July 9 (continued) behind in c h i l d support payments , i n e r t i a l navigation systems that were standard equipment on new 360- t o 400-passenger Boeing 747, and therma.1 mapper developed f o r s a t e l l i t e s , being used t o seek o i l formations, diagnose cause of sinking a i r p o r t runways, and find sources of water pollution. Other space age spinoffs were p l a s t i c r e s i n marketed a s commercial laminates, adhesives , and coatings ; devices t o monitor i n t e r n a l s t r e s s i n dams during e a r t h tremors; data-processing 9 techniques t o record t r a i n t r a f f i c and t o match power-generating c a p a c i t i e s t o demand; electromagnetic hammer t h a t smoothed and shaped metal without weakening it ; and luminous devices f o r a i r c r a f t e x i t signs, map reading, and gun s i t e s . Medicine w a s benefiting from miniaturized electronic devices i n cardiac pacemakers; remote-handling and manipulation equipment t h a t had improved pmsthet i c devices l i k e a r t i f i c i a l limbs; space-helmet-like hoods t o measure oxygen consumption while p a t i e n t exercised; computer t o provide sharper x-ray photos; liquid-cooled s u i t s t o lower temperatures ; " sequenced-pulsation pressure s u i t " f o r possible use in a s s i s t i n g c i r c u l a t i o n i n heart p a t i e n t s ; and small battery-powered devices t o transmit physiological data from a r m s of as many as 64 p a t i e n t s t o single nurse at monitor console. (!Fanner, 7/9/69) . z, . MSFC announced it would exercise option i n existing contract with Computer Sciences Corp. t o allow continued computer support services through June 30, 1970, a t cost of $6,081,887. (MSFC Release 69-157) U . S . S , R . launched Cosmos CCA-omPlesetskintoorbitwith ( ~ 1 . 3 - m i )apogee, 208-Ian ((129.2-mi) perigee, 89.6-min period, and 65.4 inclination. S a t e l l i t e reentered July 15. (GSFC -9SSR 7/15/69; E,7/15/69, 5 ) Jul 10 . ApoUo ll countdown began a t a t 9:32 am EDT July 16. . Four-stage KSC a t 8:00 pm EDT in preparation f o r launch p pol lo ll Status R p t ) Pacemaker rocket launched from NASA Wallops S t a t i o n carried 58-lb instrumented payload t o 65,000-ft a l t i t u d e and reentered atmosphere at 7,000 mph. Primary objective was t o evaluate performance of carbon phenolic, synthetic resin, a s a b l a t i v e material. Secondary objective was t o evaluate performance of low-density a b l a t i v e materials--pyronne foam, polymer blend, and phenolic nylon--for'possible use on manned lifting-body reentry vehicles. (WS Relzase 69-12; WS PIO) . �J u l y 10: American Academy of Achievement presented 1969 Cold P l a t e a an o f ~chievement'I Awards t o D r . William 11, Pickering, JPL Director, and t o A 110 8 ~ s t r o n a u t sWilliam A. Anders and rank- or man. (LA k e r - ~ x m , 6 1 % 6/21/69, 30) ' (D- la.), f o r himself and Sen. Edward J. Cuerney (R-E'la.), introduced S . J . R . 133 "to redesignate t h e a r e a i n t h e s t a t e of Florida known as Cape Kennedy as Cape Canaveral," Measure w a s referred t o Senate Committee on I n t e r i o r and Insular Affairs. (CR, 7/10/69, S7813 , Sen. Spessard L. llolland , National Geographic Society cartographer and "backyard stargazer David Moore w a s one of few amateur astronomers selected by ,NASA t o t' help nearly 200 professionals who had volunteered t o attempt s i g h t i n g ~of Apollo 11 spacecrart, Washington Evening Star said. Through telescope in yard of his Wheaton, Md., home he would watch for "small brilliant flashes when rocket engines a r e turned on o r 'burnedf or.. .when waste water i s edected from the spacecraft. " I n eJection, mte r f'roze . i n s t a n t l y and r e s u l t a n t i c e crystals flared in s u n l i g h t . NASA had credited Moore with one of few sightings of earthbound Apollo 10. ( ~ a d c l i f f e ,W S t a r , 7/10/69, ~ 2 ) - C water shortage were "two i l l u s t r a t i o n s of man's efficiency in achieving t h e t h r u s of l i f e and man's i n e f f i ciency i n not achievFng $he necessities of l i f e , " Drew Peasson s a i d i n Washington Post, "At Cape Kennedy, the United States i s about t o launch the most c a r e r u l l y rehearsed, most expensive, most unnecessary project of t h i s century by which man w i l l reach a piece of drab, radioa c t i v e , lava-like real e s t a t e hitherto romsntic because of distance-t h e moon. The launching w l U succeed because a vast amount of money and the best scientific byains i n America over a period of seven years have been lavished on t h i s moon shot, Meanwhile, up the A t l a n t i c Coast, the Capital which voted t h e $20 b i l l i o n t o reach t h e moon i s desperately short of the second essential t o man's life--water--all because of l a c k of planning, lack of foresight, and l a c k of money--the same ingredients which have put t h e moon shot on the verge of success." (W b s t , i'/10/69, FU) , Apollo U and current nationwide ' Apollo 11Astronauts Neil A, Armstrong, Michael Collins, and ~dwi; E. f i d r i n , Jr underwent l a s t m J o r p r e f l i g h t medical examinst i o n at KSC f o r July 1 6 launch. (Apollo Status Rpt ; July 11: ., �U: A t Cape Kennedypress conference, Apollo 8 A s t r o n a u t Frank Bormm termed " t o t d l y ridiculous " cancellation of President Nixon ' s dinner with Apollo 11 crew on eve of launch t o avoid contaminating crew with president ial germs. Ire had delivered i n v i t a t i o n t o dinner t o White House and President Aixon had accepted when MSC Medical Director, D r . Charles A . Berrs crLt icized dinner [see July 71, Barman said h i s talks with U.S.S.R. o f f i c i a l s during recent t o u r had l e f t him convinced they planned lunar landing soon but, "from t h e people on t h e subways t o their president, a l l I heard was t h a t t h e y a r e wishing success f o r Apollo 11." (&eider, W Post, 7/13/69, Ah) NAS published Plan f o r U.S, P a r t i c i p a t i o n i n t h e Global Atmospheric Research Program. It recommended five-year e f f o r t including P a c i f i c t e s t of global weather observing system and l a r g e -scale atmospheric study i n 193, s e r i e s of smaU regional s t u d i e s beginning i n 1969 or 1 4 0 , and experiments t o improve numerical models of atmosphere f o r computer forecasting, with continued development of computer 100 t h e s f a s t e r t h a n c u r r e n t l y available. T o t a l e f f o r t would r e q u i r e . 1 0 yrs, with plans f o r second portion t o be based on information gained during first 5 y r s . Report, prepared by NRC committee, said developments i n computers and s a t e l l i t e s had made it p o s s i b l e " t o advance toward t h e goal of accurate two-week f o r e c a s t s and, eventually, toward i n t e l l i g e n t modificat i o n of t h e weather. " Use of s a t e l l i t e s such a s Nimbus 111, launched A p r i l 14, and expansion of o t h e r observing systems made it t e c h n i c a l l y a i d e c ~ n & n i c a l l ~ ~ ~ o s s i bt ol e provide adequate g l o b a l observations f o r long-range forecasts. Recommended t e s t of global observing system would require 2 satellites with advanced instrumentation, nearly 1,000 balloons, and 135 instrdnent ed buoys. Simultaneous cloud-cluster study would r e q u i r e 1 2 a d d i t i o n a l a i r c r a f t , several ground s t a t i o n s ; and computer f a c w t y . P a r t i c i p a t i n g Government agencies would be responsible for determining p r o e m costs. ( ~ e x t ; NRC el ease) - - , NASA and USAF announced cooperative f l i g h t t e s t program using two USAF YF'-12A a i r c r a f t and spares, ground equipment, maintenance personnel, and .base support a t Edwards AFB, C a l i f . X U A would budget f o r and f m d $10 million f o r program through FY 1974. About $4 m i o n had been made a v a i l a b l e by completion of X-15 and XB-70 f l i g h t programs. USAF purpose In two-part program was t o provide USAF with a d d i t i o n a l data on a i r c r a f t ' s operational f a c t o r s , procedures, l i m i t a t ions, and p o s s i b l e bomber penetrat i o n t a c t i c s . NASA would seek data on a l t i t u d e - h o l d at supersonic speeds, boundary l a y e r noise, heat t r a n s f e r under high speed, airframe-propulsion system i n t e r a c t i o n s and o t h e r performance and handling c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . (DODRelease 581-6$13 �July 11: MSE'C issued RFPs f o r design, development, t e s t , and d e l i v e r y of four f l i g h t models of manned lunar roving vehicle. Four-wheeled, 400-lb v e h i c l e would be c a r r i e d t o moon on board LM i n 1911, t o t r a n s p o r t astronauts, t o o l s , lunar samples, and o t h e r equipment and experiments. (NASA Special el ease) . Emperor U.S. Ilaile S e l a s s i e of Ethiopia toured MSC during five-day v i s i t t o ( ~ e u t e r s ,W Post, 7/10/69, A 2 3 ; ApoLlo S t a t u s Rpt; NASA PAO) NASA program of returning man f r o m l u n a r landing was based on conclusion t h e r e was no r i s k , Stanford Univ. g e n e t i c i s t D r . Joshua Lederberg s a i d i n Washine;ton Post. "We could not mount an e f f e c t i v e quarantine against a s e a l p e r i l o f global i n f e c t i o n unless we were prepared t o s a c r i f i c e the astronaut, which i s unthinkable. " Arguments f o r zero r i s k were "quite persuasive"--lack of atmosphere on moon, "an absolutely necessary condition f o r l i f e t o f l o u r i s h , " and f a c t t h a t earth had experiepced lunar material samples from secondary meteorites. Main purpose of quarantine was "to protect t h e samples from earthly contaminat ion - -not a l t o g e t her succe ssflilly, in view of t h e e f i a l a t ions from t h e landing rocket and from t h e astronauts' space s u i t s , It was then reasonable t o add on whatever a d d i t i o n a l precautions against back-contamination were possible without impeding t h e mission." Project had helped show lunar arrangements would be "quite inappropriate t o a real risk, for example a sample return from Mars." For Mars program, "we must l e a r n a g r e a t d e a l more by instrumented observations l e f t t h e r e , before w e can begin t o design t h e precautions needed f o r samples, o r men, returned t o e a r t h . " (W Post, 7/12/69, ~ 1 5 ) July 12: " ~ o o rPeople ' s campaign" Director, t h e Rev. Hosea W i l l i a m of Southern C h r i s t i a n Leadership Conference, s a i d "hungry" people fYom f i v e southern s t a t e s would demonst r a t e a t Cape Kennedy J u l y 15 on eve of Apollo l l launch and would t r y t o g e t "as close as possible1' t o launch s i t e with mules and wagons. "We're not against t h i n g s l i k e t h e space shot, but t h e r e l s been a miscalculation i n p r i o r i t i e s . " ( ~ e u t e r s ,W Post, 7/13/69, ~ 5 ) . NASA said Soviet Ambassador Anatoly F. Dobrynin had r e j e c t e d U.S. i n v i t a t i o n t o watch Apollo U launch. U. S. S. R. o r i g i n a l l y had accepted, but Soviet Embassy in WashingLon s a i d Dobrynin would be out of country. (AP, W S t a r , 7/13/69, Ag) �USH reported eight-ship Soviet Naval f l e e t was heading south July 12: 25 m i east-southeast of Miami, Fla. , on course t h a t could provide view of Apollo S1 launch. U.S. carrier a i r c r a f t and destroyer escort Cary shadowed squadron, o f f i c i a l l y enroute t o Havana f o r July 26 commemorat ion of Cuban revolution. oma an, W Post, 7/12/69,~1; AP, W Post, 7/13/69, AS) July 13: U.S.S.R. launched L u n a X V unmanned spacecraft from Baikonur irrto selenocentric o r b i t t o conduct "further s c i e n t i f i c studies of the moon and near lunar space, " Tass announced, Spacecraft was expected t o reach moon l a t e July 16--scheduled date of launch of NASA's Apollo llmanned lunar l a n d i n g mission. There was speculation t h k t Luna XV w a s Soviet attempt t o land spacecratt on moon and return . it t o earth with sample of Lunar s o i l before U,S. did. (W Post, 7/14/69, Al; SBD, 7/18/69, 22; B Sun, 7/14/69, Al; GSFC 5-715/69) -- Washington Sunday S t a r published Associated Press interview w i t h Dr. Charles A. Berry, MSC Director o f Medical Research and Operations: While 4,514 hrs of weightlessness endured by U. S. astronauts i n space had produced no serious medical problems, on moon "we w i l l be placing men i n a n e n t i r e l y new environment." After four days of weightlessness, they would s t e p onto surface where gravity f i e l d was 1/6 t h a t of earth. A t blission Control Center i n Houston, D r . Berry would be watching Apollo ll astronauts' heart r a t e , oxygen consmption, and temperature of water t h a t cooled spacesuits. Preflight physicals had enabled doctors t o draw metabolic p r o f i l e of each astronaut, including work capacity on e a r t h a t various heart r a t e s , oxygen consumption, and body heat generated, "We know the heat product ion l e v e l which t h e portable l i f e support system can handle without being overburdened. I f it reaches t h a t point f o r f i v e minutes, we w i l l t e l l t h e astronauts t o stop and r e s t . " Because of spacesuits ' bulk astronauts would s t a r t with simple t a s k s and work up t o tougher ones. Excitement could a f f e c t a b i l i t y t o sleep i n four-hour r e s t period planned before lunar w a l k . "We might have t o make a real-time decision on whether t o give them a sleeping p i l l o r perhaps a stimulant. " Apollo had taught one "amazing medical f a c t - - t h a t t h e l o s s of red blood c e l l mass apparently i s caused by a pure oxygen atmosphere. Results of using mixed nitrogen-and-oxygen atmosphere i n spacecrart since January 1967 Apollo f i r e had indicated nitrogen apparently protected c e l l s . ened edict, AP, W S t a r , 7/13/69, ~ 9 ) �J u l y 13: From summer residence, Caste1 Gondolfo near Rome, Fope Pad. V I asked Christians worldwide t o pray f o r Apollo U astronauts and s a i d mission showed man was a "giant. " (AP, B 7/14/69, ~ 5 ) A t White House religious service t h e Rev. Paul H. A. Noren of Mount Olivet Church i n Minneapolis l e d 300 people in prayer. "We ask Thy divine protection f o r our space pioneers who w i l l soon make f o o t p r i n t s on t h e moon." (A?, E,7/14/69, 23) Sun, New York Times e d i t o r i a l : "This i s t h e week of t h e moon. The countdown i s on a t Cape Kennedy and, i f a l l goes well, a week from today a manned vehicle wifi f o r t h e - f i r s t time a l i g h t on another c e l e s t i a l bbdy. .all mankind w i l l share i n t h e exhilaration of discovery. Ever since man evolved he has been exploring, extending h i s domain over all parts of h i s planet. Now t h a t i n s a t i a b l e c u r i o s i t y i s bursting i t s t e r r e s t r i a l bounds t o provide our first personal knowledge of the nearest neighbor in t h e cosmos. It i s an inspiring adventure, a testimony not only t o man's imagination i n amassing knowledge of nature, but t o h i s courage, h i s perseverance and h i s indominable s p i r i t . " (E, 7/13/69) .. , I n Washington Evening Star W i l l i a m Hines said: "...Space Administrator Thomas 0 . Paine was dead right when he acclaimed Project Apollo as 'a triumph of t h e squares.'" While word "square" was i n disrepwte, "you w i l l f i n d no umbrage taken by the clean-cut s t a r s of t h i s week's cosmic drama i f you called them squares. They are, and probably proud of it. There was no f i g h t from Neil Axmstrong when Congress t o l d h i m t o p l a n t an American flag on the surface o f t h e moon.... The Apollo program i s not only run by squares, but f o r squares, as well; i t s t h r i l l s and g l o r i e s appeal t o t h e vast majority of Americans who, a t t h e bottom, a r e just a s s uare a s any Armstrong on Earth--Jack o r N e i l o r any o t h e r , " (w -Star 3 7/13 69, ~ 2 ) 3 Wing of Lockheed C-5A s t a t i c t e s t specimen cracked during s t r e s s t e s t s a t point below a i r c r a f t ' s contract specifications but above % t s design l i m i t . U W l a t e r s a i d cause of crack was overloading of wing area where spar a t t a c h e d t o 1 o w e r . r e a r beam cap; it would not require extensive redesign. It was f i r s t major performance f a i l u r e reported f o r C-5A. Contractor was plannin modification and r e t e s t i n g of s t a t i c specimen. (VW Memo 8/18f69; W Post, 7/15/69, ~ 2 ) ' Apollo 11 Astronauts Neil A . Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., appeared i n nationally televised press conference. Interview with four newsmen was conducted over closed-circuit TV, with astronauts a t KSC and press 15 m i away. TV cameramen allowed i n auditorium with crew had undergone thorough medical examinations. J u l y 14 : �-J u l y 1 4 (continued) Armstrong, mission commander, said t h a t a f t e r decade of planning and hard work astronauts were " w i l l i n g and ready t o attempt t o achieve our n a t i o n a l goal. This i s possible because very many Americans across t h e nation have dedicated themselves t o quality c r m m a n s h i p a d ingenuity. " I n response t o question on a s t r o n a u t s t a t t i t u d e s toward mission, Armstrong s a i d fear was not unknown, but added: "Fear i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c p a r t i c u l a r l y of a knowledge t h a t t h e r e may be somethiag t h a t you haven't thought of and f e e l t h a t you might be unable t o cope with. I t h i n k our t r a i n i n g and a l L t h e work that goes i n t o t h e preparation f o r a f l i g h t does everything it can towards erasing those kinds of p o s s i b i l i t i e s m d I would say that as a crew we...have no f e a r of launching out on t h i s expedition. " ( ~ i l f o r d ,E,7/15/69, 1, 20) Chances of U.S.S.R. ' s Luna XV successAiLly returning t o e a r t h with l u n a r sample were small because of complexity of operations required, NASA Associate Administrator f o r Manned Space Flight, D r . George E. Mueller, t o l d KSC Center Directors' Briefing. Landing, deploying equipment, c o l l e c t i n g and s t o r i n g samples, and then lifting off "are not simple t h i n g s t o do...and doing it remotely i s more d i f f i c u l t than doing it with men i n space. I don't t h i n k by any means impossible, b u t . . . t h e a b l e t o carry it out on t h e first mission a r e chances of be* r e l a t i v e l y low compared ; t o t h e kind of p r o b a b i l i t y that we would a s s o c i a t e with our own landings. " If Luna XV were a b l e t o successfully r e t r i e v e lunar sample, f e a t w o u l d be "significant technological s t e p and one t h a t r e p r e s e n t s a considerable degree of prestige, " he said, but "each country [u.S. and U. S. S. R. ] will o b t a i s its proper share af c r e d i t . The f i r s t . s m p l e returned i f it were possible t o do so and the f i r s t man landing on t h e moon a r e significant events, each i n their own r i g h t , and a r e - t o be t r e a t e d a s such. " ransc script) .. . IAF announced officiaJ. endorsement of absolute world's records f o r ' Dec. 2l-27, 1968, Apollo 8 mission's 10 lunar o r b i t s : a l t i t u d e , Z34,672.5 m i ; g r e a t e s t mass l i f t e d i n t o earth o r b i t , 282,197 l b s ; t o t a l time in space f o r an astronaut, James A. LoveU,-+., 572 hrs 1 0 min 1 6 secs. ApoUo 8 world c l a s s records: duration of l u n a r secs; duration in l u n a r o r b- i t. , X) h r s mission, 146 hrs 59 & 4 9 14 min 13.2 secs. To obtain IAF c e r t i f i c a t i o n of Apollo U, crew would be given t o r n halves of four $1b i l l s f o r comparison with other halves on r e t u r n as proof same men returned as took off. NAll would submit claim f o r absolute world record f o r extravehicular a c t i v i t y (EVA) f o r successful Apollo ll mission. (AP, NYT, 7/15/69,20) �July 14 : New York Post published r e s u l t s of Louis I-Iarris p o l l which showed American people favored manned lunar l a d i n g by 5l$ t o 4$. I n February po31 public opinion had been opposed by 4% t o 3%. 1Iarris a t t r i b u t e d change t o f e e l i n g " i f we have gone this far, we ought t o f i n i s h t h e job. " He s a i d 5% of 1,607 a d u l t s p o l l e d *om June 1 6 t o 22 were opposed t o annual $4-billion o u t l a y f o r space program, while 3% favored i t - - l i t t l e change from 5% f o r t o 34% against i n February. React ion t o Apollo 10 f l i g h t had been g e n e r a l l y favorable (E, 7/15/69, 20) . ' . Expectation of one rnjllion t o u r i s t s t o witness Apollo I l launch had l e d t o extraordinary precautions a t Cocoa Beach, Fla., Washing-ton Post said. Tank t r u c k would be stationed a t City Hall t o f u e l police c a r s ; a i r b o a t s would stand by t o r u s h c a s u a l t i e s t o h o s p i t a l i f ambulances could not penetrate automobile t r a f f i c ; and o f f i c i a l s were concerned with scores of aircraft c i r c l i n g overhead t o glimpse spacecraft. ( ~ r i e d e r ,W Post, 7/14/69, Al) . Washington Evening S t a r s p e c i a l supplement, "voyage t o the Moon, " commented: " ~ a n g i n gi n the sky, a t t r a c t i n g man' s a t t e n t i o n f o r untold generations, t h e moon has been the reputed home of gods and goddesses of a l l r e l i g i o n s , primitive and modern. If a l l t h e s e d e i t i e s l i v e d t h e r e a t any one time, the reasons for i t s b a t t l e scarred appearance woulcl be obvious. But assuming t h a t . n o n e did t h a t pock-marked f a c e s t i l l poses more questions than it answers." ... (w st=, 7/14/69) . Aerospace Systems Laboratory had been established a t Princeton Univ. t o i n v e s t i g a t e U. S. space program and other broad a r e a s of applied research, including trahsport'ation systems, New York Times sgid. Project was a s s i s t e d by NASA and o t h e r Federal agency grants. (E, 7/14/69, '?3! . NASA announced availability of 16-in-dia globe of moon prepared by USAF Aeronautical C h m and Information Center *om NASA-photbs made by L u n a r Orbiter s e r i e s . Lowell Observatory, Ariz.; prepared art work with exaggerated color tones showing lunar landscape bathed i n morning sunlight and l a r g e Ring P l a i n s , o r explosive c r a t e r s , on far side. One globe had been p r e s e n t e d t o President Nixon by Apollo 1 0 astronauts . (NASA Release 6 9 - 8 3 ~ ) - . Harold W. Adams, Deputy t o Vice President-Chief Engineer of Doughs received A I M Aircraft Design Award of c i t a t i o n and $500 honorarium a t AIAA A i r c r a f t Design and Operations Meeting i n Aircraf't Co,, �July 24 (continued) Los Angeles . Citation read: "In recognit ion of your out s t anding contributions t o t h e s a f e t y and economic p r a c t i c a l i t y of commercial a i r transportation during t h e p s s t 38 years by development of a i r c r a f t design principles f o r high r e l i a b i l i t y and ease of maintenance. " Adams w a s s p e c i a l i s t i n e l e c t r i c and hydraulic systems. (AM Release, 7/9/69) Oceanographer Jacques Piccard cast off in 48-ft research subnarine from West Palm Beach, Fla., f o r reheaxsal of 1,500-mi Gulf Stream Drift t o study ocean depths. [ s e e April 71, If four-to-five-day trial run was successful, team would remain submerged f o r 30 days and drift t o Boston. (UPI, W S t a r ; 7/14/69, A10) - July 1 5 : President Nixon sent telegram t o Apollo ll astronauts : ''On t h e eve of your epic mission, I want you t o know t h a t my hopes and my prayers--and those of all ~ m e r i c a ; s - - ~ owith you. Years of study and planning and experiment and hard work on t h e part of thousands have l e d t o t h i s unique moment i n the story of mankind; it i s now your moment and from t h e depths of your minds and hearts and spirits w i l l come t h e triumph a l l men will share. I look forward t o greeting you on your return. U n t i l then, b o w that all t h a t i s best in the s p i r i t of mankind w i l l be with you during your mission and when you r e t u r n t o earth. " President a l s o telephoned Apollo 11 astronauts: "...as you l i f t o f f t o t h e moon, you lift t h e s p i r i t s of the American people as w e l l a s t h e world You carry with you a f e e l i n g of ood w i l l i n t h i s greatest adventure man has ever taken.. (PD, 7$21/69, 9 9 ) .... .." F i r s t notables t o a r r i v e a t Cape Kennedy on eve of Apollo l l launch included former President and Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson and Southern Christian Leadership Conference President, t h e Rev, Ralph D. Abernathy. Johnsons arrived h miLitary a i r c r a f t assigned by President Nixon, t o a t t e n d luncheon honoring James E. Webb, former NASA Administrator. Abernathy l e d 25 poor southern families t o p r o t e s t Federal funding p r i o r i t i e s . NASA Administrator, Dr. Thomas 0 . Paine, met gxoup of 150 poor people outside KSC gate where Abernathy requested 40 VIP passes t o launch, asked D r . Paine t o join f i g h t against poverty, and urged NASA technology be converted t o finding new ways t o feed poor. D r . Paine agreed t o admit members of group t o launch and pledged t o do what he could t o adapt space-developed food concentrates t o aid undernourished. "It w i l l be a l o t harder to s ~ l v et h e problems of hunger and poverty than it i s t o send men t o t h e moon." But, "if �July 15 (continued) It were p o s s i b l e f o r us not t o push t h a t button tomorrow and solve t h e problems you a r e talking about, we would not push the button. " He s a i d space program and science could be used t o h e l p solve poverty problems. "I want you t o h i t c h your wagon t o our rocket and t e l l t h e people t h e NASA program i s an exarnple of what t h i s country can do. " The poor people said they would pray f o r Apollo ll astronauts. By evening 500,000 t o u r i s t s had a r r i v e d i n Brevard County, s i t e of KSC, with t o t a l one m i l l i o n expected by early morning. A i r t r a f f i c Iiad quadrupled, with 1 0 l o c a l a i r f i e l d s handling over 1,200 small aircraft, and 2C10 p r i v a t e j e t s . A i r c r a f t were t o bring Vice President . S p i r o T. Aepew, over 200 Congressmen, 60 ambassadors, 19 governors, 40 mayors, and o t h e r public figures J u l y 16. More than 1,000 police s t r w g l e d t o c o n t r o l road t r a f f i c , and hordes s e t t l e d t o s l e e p on beaches from which they could see illuminated spacecraf't on launch pad. ( ~ e i n r a u b ,NYT, - 7/16/69, 22; Greider, W Post, 7/16/69) . - - Proximity of probable d a t e of lunm landing t o b t e of arrival of Mariner VT and VII cameras near Mars surface would provide U.S. TV viewers with %uble=ace f e a t u r e , " NASA said. Gerald M. Truszynski, NASA Associate Administrator f o r Tracking and Data Acquisition, c r e d i t e d feat t o advances i n e l e c t r o n i c s through which streams of s i g n a l s could be returned from moon and from Mars i n t o tracking centers and switching p o i n t s on e a r t h , thence v i a comsats i n t o TV networks throughout globe. Apollo L L mission would include e i g h t color t e l e c a s t s k-om spacecraft. Lunar t e l e c a s t s would be black and white since LM would l a c k power f o r color TV. Mars t e l e c a s t s from Mariner V I would produce 50 photos; Mariner V I I would e s o l u t i o n from closeup would be 900 f t ; it had been d e l i v e r 91, B ~ rX 2 m i i n 1955 Mariner N photos and was 100 m i by b e s t o p t i c a l means from e a r t h . ( M A S A ~ e z a s e69-831) Europeans were "as excited as Inany AmericasM about Apollo U- launch, New Yoxk Times reported. kt "only t h e sharpest observer of the Soviet news media could guess, as he went t o bed t o n i g h t , t h a t Americans will t r y t o send men t o t h e moon tomorrow," according t o Baltimore Sun. Last mention of Apallo 1l i n Soviet p r e s s had been July 9 meeting of President Nikolay V. Podgorny with Astronaut Frank Borman. I n U.K., BBC and c o m e r c i a l TV were planning extensive Apollo L1 coverage, soae l i v e via comsat. B r i t i s h newspapers were competing with s p e c i a l space suppleaent s and guides Except ions t o generally "adulatory" reportage was The Times of London a r t i c l e in which philosopher Lord 3ussell had said: e en w i l l not be content t o land upon the moon and t r y to make it habitable. They wlll land simultaneously from Russia and t h e United S t a t e s , each party, complete with H-bombs and each i n t e n t upon exterminating t h e other. " . �July 15 (continued) American hhnbassy i n Warsaw was packed every day with Poles viewing space films. Spain's Evening Daily Pueblo had sponsored contest t o send 25 readers t o ApoUo ll launch. Ln France 22-page space supplement issued by France-Soir had sold 1.5 m i n i o n copies a t $1each. Bild Zeitung in?ermany had noted seven out of fifty s e v e n Apollo supervisors were of Gcrmn origin. Austrian press had lionized D r . Wernher von Braun during recent v i s i t t o Salzburg. Volume of Western European newspaper space devoted t o lunar landing mission r i v a l e d t h a t i n . U.S., New York Tim% said, and "the whole s t o r y of t h e moorh e f f o r t i s improving t h e 'prestige' of t h e United States. .. . But ...respect voiced by individuals i s orten f o r America's technological power, not h e r humanity o r c i v i l i z a t i o n . " ( ~ e w i s ,NYT, 7/16/69, 20; B -2Sun 7/16/63, A9, M i l l s , ~ 9 ) - . Across U.S. on eve of Apollo ll launch, newspaper e d i t o r i a l s commented on lunar landing mission: - " I t i s with an almost breathless sense Los Angeles Herald-Examiner: of awe t h a t w e await tomorrow's blast-off from Cape Kennedy--the launching of t h e e space explorers on t h e most ambitious and fearsome adventure i n a l l human h i s t o r y . Mere words cannot capture the immensity o f t h e flight of Apollo 11. Quite l i t e r a l l y , man w i l l be attempting a f i n d break of t h e chains which have bound him t o t h i s earth." (LA Her-Exam_, 7/15/69) Mewport News, Va., Times-Herald: "Now, t h i s triumph of human . courage and knowledge stands poised on the threshold of accomplishment. For a few f l e e t i n g moments, t h e a t t e n t ion of t h e world w i l l follow the Eagle as it f e r r i e s i t s two astronawts toward a destiny until now only dreaned of i n our history. Then, most probably, our a t t e n t i o n will f i l t e r back t o t h e pressing problems on earth. " ( ~ i m e s - ~ e r a l d7/15/69) , Milwaukee Journal: "ApoUo 11 i s providing insight i n t o t h e meaning of life and t h e impe%tives of human society. It i s forcing us t o face the grlm paradox of exploiting human reason and t h e marvels of machinery t o soar i n t o t h e majesty of space w h i l e the world becomes fragmented i n t o selfish national sovereignties--some armed, some arming, with t h e hideous capacity t o end l i f e i t s e l f . " ( ~ i l w a u k e eJournal, 7/15/69) Denver Post : h he Soviet attempt t o send an unmanned spaceship t o t h e moon i n advance of ApoUo 11 i s a bold bid t o draw a t t e n t i o n t o Soviet space prowess. But even i f it succeeds...in mechanically scooping up samples of t h e moon and r e t u r n i n g ' t o earth, t h e Soviet project w i l l not overshadow the American mission. Instead, t h e Soviet f l i g h t will serve t o underscore t h e expensive duplication of e f f o r t created by t h e space race. If t h e Russians and Americans had cooperated, r a t h e r than competed, t h e r i s k s and the costs involved in landing a man on t h e moon would have been far l e s s . " ( ~ e n v e rPost, 7/15/69) �July l5 (continued) Washingtop Eveninf: S t a r : Soviet Luna XV seemed strangely timed. During their'Moscow discussions on sgace cooperation, U.S.S.R. President Nikolay V. Podgorny had not given Astronaut R a n k Borman, " s l i g h t e s t h i n t t h a t t h e Kremlin was planning t o send an unmanned spacecraft t o t h e moon t o coincide w i t 1 1 the historjr-making Apollo, L L American mission. " Was it r e a l l y possible "to work together i n space exploration with a country t h a t seems t o bc playing t r i c k s with ours a t a moment when we are engaged in a histor:lc ei'fort t o land men on t h e moon?" (W -)S t a r 7/15/69, ~ 2 ) . Sari Francisco Mayor Joseph Alioto urged San Franciscans t o fly U.S. flag from Apollo l l b l a s t o f f t o splashdown and t o sound every b e l l siren, and whlstle i n city a t splashdown. (AP, W Post, 7/17/69, ~~j . NASA awarded General E l e c t r i c Co. ' s Aircraft Engine Group $18.7-million, fixed-price contract with performance-award provision t o construct and t e s t two experimental quiet jet a i r c r a f t engines. To cut development costs, CP-6 and TF-39 engines,developed f o r DC-10 and C-5A a i r c r a f t would be used a s core of new engine. Enghes would produce 4,933-1b t h r u s t a t c r u i s e and 22,030-lb thrust f o r takeoff. Work was parti of (1AR!T s .' Quiet Engine Research Program t o develop turbofan e n g h e with noise level 15-20 db below present e n g b e s . Contract would be managed by LeRC. (NASA Release 69-103) July 16-24: Apollo U (AS-TOG)manned lwar landing mission flown by NASA achieved eight-year national goal s e t by President Kennedy May 25, 3.961. On July 20, spacecrafi's LM--Eagle--landed on lunar surface and f i r s t man stepped out onto moon. Two astronauts performed assigned t a s k s on lunar surface before reentering LM t o lif't off from moon, redock with CSM, and r e t u r n s a f e l y t o earth. July16-19: Mission began a t 9:32 am J u l y 1 6 , when spacec r a f t was launched from KSC Launch Complex 39, Pad A, by Saturn V booster. L i f t o f f was relayed l i v e on TV t o 33 countries on 6 continent s , watched by estimated 25 million TV viewers i n U. S. , and heard on radio by millions of listeners. Launch events occurred as planned and spscecrafl carried Astronauts Neil A. h s t r o n g (commander ) , Michael Collins ((24 p i l o t ) , and Edwin E Aldrin, Jr. (LM p i l o t ) i n t o c i r c u l a r parking orbit with U8.5 - m i (19.7 -km) a l t i t u d e . A f t ex post i n s e r t i o n checkout CSM separated fram Saturn V 3rd stage (s-IVB) . , �July 16-13 (continued) and LV, code-named E l e . Crew successrully transposed CSM and docked with LM, ejected CS$!=IN h r n S-ZVB, and conducted f i x s t SPS burn. Successful propellant dump provided impulse t o S-IV3 f o r slingshot maneuver t o earth-escape velocity. Translunar i n j e c t i o n maneuver was so accurate t h a t f i r s t midcourse correction was not required. Midcourse correction No. 2, a t 26:45 GET, was so accurate t h a t t h i r d and f o u r t h maneuvers were not necessary. Crew conducted two unscheduled color TV broadcasts--for 16 min beginning a t 10:32 GEX (taped f o r U:26 GET transmission) and f o r 50 min beginning a t 30:28 GET--and one scheduled 36-min t r a s m i s s i o n beginning a t 33:59 SET. Broadcasts were very clear and showed earth, onboard computer keyboard, and crew. At 55:03 GET (4:40 pm EDT July 18) crew began %-rain color TV transmission with excellent p i c t u r e . resolution, coverage, and general quality. Viewers i n North America, South America, Japan, and Western Europe saw l i v e pictures of CSM and UUI i n t e r i o r s , CSM exterior, and e a r t h and watched crew removing probe and drogue, opening spacecraft tunnel hatch, preparing food, and housekeeping L!. A o l l o I l passed i n t o moon's sphere of influence a t 61:40 GET, 214,5 6.8 m i 345,205.8 km) from e a r t h , t r a v e l i n g a t 2,990 f p s r e l a t i v e t o earth. Spacecraft entered lunar o r b i t with 194.3-mi (312.6-krn) apolune and 70.5-mi (ll3.4-km) perilune a t 75 :56 GET (1: 28 pm EDT July 19) a f t e r f i r s t SF'S burn. During second lunar o r b i t , l i v e color TV transmission showed spectacular views of l u n a r surface and approach path t o S i t e 2. Armstrong pointed out lunar landmarks and described unexplained glow near c r a t e r Aristarchus which some s c i e n t i s t s believed t o be volcanic a c t i v i t y . Second SPS burn circularized o r b i t wlth 7 5 . 6 m i (121.6 -w) apolune and 61.9-mi (99.6-km) perilune. Aldrin transferred t o IN f o r two-hour housekeeping, voice and telemetry t e s t , and oxygenpurge-system check. July 20-21: Armstrong a d Aldrin reentered LV a t 95 :20 GET and checked out a31 systems before firing SM reaction-control-system thrusters t o separate CSM and LM on far side of moon. LM descentpropulsion-system engine propelled LM t o within 9.8 m i (15.8 km) of lunar surface. Because LM-powered descent maneuver--initiated a t perilune of descent orbit--was about 4 . 6 m i (7.4 h)downrange from planned position, landing w i n t was a l s o shifted downrange. During f i n a l approach phase, crew noted t h a t landing point t o which spacecraft was heading was i n center of l a r g e , r u s e d c r a t e r with 5- t o 10-ft-dia boulders. Consequently crew f l e w past c r a t e r t o mre suitable touchdown h �20-21 (continued) -July ',point by c o n t r o l l i n g ' ' , a t t i t u d e manually and adjusting descent r a t e and h o r i z o n t a l v e l a c i t y . O f f i c i a l s l a t e r a t t r i b u t e d change i n course t o malfunction i n onboard radar and subsequent critical overload of computer, which caused warning alarms and could have aborted misslon. LM landed on moon at 102:46 GET (4:18 pa JDT July 2C)) i n Sea of Tranquility, 20,800 f t west and 4,000-5,000 f t south of c e n t e r of planned landing e l l i p s e . Landing-point coordinates were approximately 23.5% and 0.64% and site a l t i t u d e w a s approximately 8,600 ft below moon's mean radius. h s t r o n g reported : "Iiouston, Tranquility Base here- - t h e Eagle has landed." Mission Control replied: " ~ o g e r , Tranquility. We copy you on t h e grou,nd. You got a bunch of guys about t o turn blue. We a r e breathing again. Thanks a l o t . " Armstrong s a i d landing area contained numerous boulders up t o two f e e t i n diameter, some apparently fractured by LM engine exhaust, and surface color varied from very l i g h t t o dark gray: Crew immediately adapted t o one-sixth (earth) g r a r t t y i n LM and moved with ease. About t w o hours a f t e r landing astronauts requested and were granted permission t o perform extravehicular a c t i v i t i e s (EVA) on moon s surf ace before s l e e p period--about h r s e a r l i e r than o r i g i n a l l y scheduled. After postlanding checks, Armstrong opened LM hatch, descended LM ladder, and deployed modularized equipment stowage assembly (MESA) containing camera, which recorded h i s descent t o l u n a r surface. Aldrin remained i n s i d e LM and recorded Armstrong's descent with 16- rim Maurer camera. Armstrong took man's first step on moon a t 109:24 GET ( 1 0 : ~pm~ EDT J u l y 20. Some 600 m i l l i o n viewers on earth--one-fifth of world population--watched l i v e J!V! transmission and heard him describe f e a t as "one small s t e p f o r a man--one g i a n t leap f o r mankind. " Collins, o r b i t i n g moon alone i n CSM, was unable t o see landing and subsequent EVA because CSM was not equipped t o receive TV t r a n s mission. Armstrong s a i d moon had "stark beauty a l l its own" like d e s e r t . i n southwestern U.S. Lwar surface was "fine and powdery" and could be kicked up loosely. "It adheres like powdered charco al...but I only go sink] i n a small f r a c t i o n of an inch. I can see my f o o t p r i n t in the moon l i k e f i n e grainy p a r t i c l e s , " Armstrong checked LM e x t e r i o r and reported penetration of LM footpads i n t o lunar surface w a s t h r e e t o four inches and that s t r u t collapse was minim& Blast of descent engine had not formed c r a t e r i n swface and about one f o o t of clearance remained between engine b e l l and l u n a r surface. He reported only problem was seeing h i s footing i n darkness of &M shadqw. Ke emplaced microdot containing messages f ~ o mworld l e a d e r s , c o l l e c t e d contingacy �July 20-22- ( continued) sample of lunar s o i l neat. LM ladder, a d reported t h a t , although surface consisted of s o f t loose material, material s i x o r eight inches under surface was very hard and cohesive. Rocks were very slippery, apparently because v e s i c l e s (pores) were f i l l e d with powdery surface material. Armstrong photographed Aldrin's descent t o lwar surface a t U:l5 prn EDT and astronauts unveiled plaque mounted on s t r u t behind ladder and read i t s i n s c r i p t i o n t o t h e i r worldwide TV audience: "Here men from t h e planet earth f i r s t set foot on t h e moon July 1969, A.D. W e came i n peace f o r a U mankind." Armstrong then removed !t'V camera from MESA, obtained panorama, and placed camera on t r i p o d 40 f t fYom LM t o view subsequent EVA. Aldrin experimented t o assess man's mobility on moon by walking, running, leaping, and doing two-footed kangaroo hops between LM and camera. He indicated some d i f f i c u l t y i n maintaining balance but said t h a t h i s a g i l i t y was b e t t e r than expected and t h a t he was a b l e t o move with great ease. Mass of backpack affected i n e r t i a and caused " s l i g h t tendency..,to tip backwards. If I ' m about t o l o s e my balance i n one d i r e c t i o n , recovery i s q u i t e n a t u r a l and easy, You've just got t o be c a r e f u l leaning i n t h e d i r e c t i o n you w a n t t o go in." Aldr i n deployed s o l a r wind composition exper b e n t i n sunlight north of LM and joined Armstrong i n e r e c t i n g three- by five-foot American f h g on eight-foot alumFnm staff. Astronauts saluted flag and t h e n t a l k e d by radiotelephone with President Nixon at White House i n what President c a l l e d 'host h i s t o r i c telephone c a l l ever made f'rom the White House." President said: "Because of what you have done t h e heavens have become a part of man ' s world. As you t a l k t o u s frm t h e Sea of Tranquility, it i n s p i r e s us t o redouble our e f f o r t s t o bring peace and t r a n q u i l i t y t o e e r t h . For one p r i c e l e s s moment i n t h e whole h i s t o r y of man a l l t h e people on t h i s e a r t h a r e t r u l y one--one i n t h e i r p r i d e i n what you have done and one in our prayers t h a t you will r e t u r n s a f e l y t o e a r t h . " Astronauts saluted President and expressed honor and p r i v i l e g e of representing U.S. and world on moon. ~ o ni th i n g EVA, Armst rong collected bulk sample of assorted surface m a t e r i a l and selected rock chunks, inspected LM, deployed passive seismic experiment package and l a s e r ranging r e t r o - r e f l e c t o r , and c o l l e c t e d two core samples and 20 l b s of d i s c r e t e l y s e l e c t e d material. Throughout EVA conthuous black-and-white coverage of crew a c t i v i t y provided l i v e document at ion, with telemetered d a t a and voice comments Lunar surface photography included both s t i l l and sequence coverage using Hasselblad, Maurer data-acquisition, and Apollo lunar surface close-up cameras. Astronauts completed EVA, t r a n s f e r r e d fjlm and samples t o M, reentered LM, and jettisoned equipment a c c o r d h g t o plan, closing hatch by =:39 GZT ( 1 : a~ m EDT July 21). Armstrong and Aldrin r e s t e d i n s i d e LM seven hours and checked out systems. . ����J u l y ZO-21 (continued) At124:22GET(~:54pmJuly2l)IMsuccessfullyliftedoffrnoon, a f t e r 21 h r s 3G min on lunar surface. ALL l u n a r ascent and rendezvous maneuvers were nominal. Eagle reported t o M3.sslon Control: "Eagle i s back i n o r b i t , having l e f t TranquiLity Base, and leaving behind a r e p l i c a from our Apollo U patch with an oLive.branch." LM docked with CSM a t 128: 03 GET. Crew t r a n s f e r r e d with s a ~ p l e sand f i l m t o CSM, and LM ascent stage was j e t t i s o n e d i n t o l u n a r o r b i t . SM reaction-controlsystem scparat ion maneuver placed CSM i n t o o r b i t with 72.0 m i (115.9-km) apolune and 63.0-mi ( 1 0 1 . 4 - h ) perilune, where crew r e s t e d and prepared f o r r e t u r n t o earth. J i l 22-24: Crew f i r e d SPS engine at 135 :24 GET (12: 55 am EM! i n j e c t i n g CSM i n t o t r a n s e a r t h t r a j e c t o r y a f t e r 59 h r s 28 m i n July (30 r e v o l u t i o n s ) i n l u n a r o r b i t . Midcourse correction No. 5 , a t 150: 30 GET, was so accurate t h a t s i x t h and seventh c o r r e c t i o n s were not necessary. During 18-min color TV traqsmission, crew demonstrated weightlessness of food and water and showed scenes of noon and e a r t h . Aldrin showed in-space p r e p a a t i o n of ham sandwlch and Collins showed viewers how t o drink water from teaspoon and from water gun. F i n a l , l e - m i n broadcast a t 171 :32 GET sent message of appreciation f h m each a s t r o n a u t t o all who helped make Apollo 11mission possible. CM, code-named Columbia, separated from SM on schedule a t 194 :49 GET. Because of d e t e r i o r a t i n g weather i n nominal landing a r e a , splashdown point was moved 247 ;4 mi downrange, where weather was excellent. Parachute deployment and other r e e n t r y events occurred as planned. Apollo ll splashed down i n mid-Pacif i c a t l 2 : 5 l pm EDT July 24, 15 m i from recovery ship U.S.S. Hornet, 195 hrs 19 min after launch. Swimmers attached f l o t a t i o n c o l l a r and seven-man r a f t t o spacecraft and h e l i c o p t e r dropped b i o l o g i c a l i s o l a t i o n garments, which were donned by a s t r o n a u t s i n s i d e CM and by one swimmer. Two o t h e r swimaers moved upwind of CM on another l a r g e raft. Postlanding v e n t i l a t i o n was turned o f f and CM powered down, and astronauts climbed out and helped swimmer close hatch. Swimmer t h a n decontawinated all garments , hatch area, f l o t a t i o n c o l l a r , and area around postlanding vent valves with Betadine d i s i n f e c t a n t . Helicopter carried astronauts t o recovery ship, where t h e y entered 32-ft-long mobile quarantine f a c i l i t y (M*) with recovery physician and technician. They were congratulated by President Nixon and NASA Administrator, Dr. Thomas 0, Paine, who were on board ship. Crew, physician, and technician remained i n s i d e MQF untFl it was d e l i v e r e d t o Lunar Receiving Laboratory (LRL) i n Houston July 27. CM was r e t r i e v e d , placed i n d o l l y on h o d recovery ship, moved t o MW, and mated t o t r a n s f e r tunnel. From i n s i d e MQF/CM containmentenvelope, MQF engineer removed lunar samples and equipaent through decontamination lock and CM was sealed u n t i l d e l i v e r y t o LRL. Sample ' d- �J u l y 22-24 (continued) -r e t u r n c o n t a i n e r s , film, and o t h e r d a t a were flown t o Johnston Island and t o liouston f o r t r a n s p o r t t o LRL. Primary Apollo ll mission objective- - t o perform rnarlncd landing on moon cmd return--and a l l d e t a i l e d t e s t objectives were achieved. A l l launch vehicle and spacecraft systems performed according t o plan, with F l i g h t crew performance was out only minor, currec1;ed discrepancies standing; all t h r e e crew members remained i n excellent health and t h e i r p r e v a i l i n g good s p i r i t s nnd proficiency were msjor f a c t o r s i n m i s s i o n ' s success. Accomplishments Lncluded first rnmned l u n a r landing and r e t u r n ; first lunar surface EVA; f i r s t seismometer, l a s e r r e f l e c t o r , and s o l a r wlnd experiment deployed on moon; f i r s t lunar s o i l samples returned t o e a r t h ; l a r g e s t U.S. payload ever placed i n t o l u n a r o r b i t .(72,037.6 lbs a t l u n a r o r b i t i n s e r t i o n ) ; a c q u i s i t i o n of numerous v i s u a l observations, photos, and TV transmissions of s c i e n t i f i c and engineering s i g n i f i c a n c e ; a d f b s t operational use of M 8 and LRL. Apollo 11 w a s eighth Apollo mission t o date, f i f t h manned Apollo mission, and f i r s t manned lunar landing mission. Mission acquired major q u a n t i t i e s of data for subsequent Apollo f l i g h t s . Fir& manned Apollo mission, Apo110 7 (0ct. U-22, 19";8), had v e r i f i e d operation of spacecraft f o r lunar-mission duration. First manned lunar o r b i t a l mission, Apollo 8 ( ~ e c ,21-27, 1%8), had proved c a p a b i l i t y o f Apollo spacecraft and hardware t o o p e r a t e out t o l u n a r d i s t a n c e and r e t u r n through e a r t h 1s atmosphere. ApoUo 9 arch 3-13, 1959) had proved c a p a b i l i t y of LMto operate fn space under manned conditions, Apollo 10 (May 18-26, 1959) had successfully operated complete ApoUo spacecraft on l u n a r o r b i t a l mission and had provided major q u a n t i t i e s of s c i e n t i f i c and t r a i n i n g m a t e r i a l s f o r Apallo ll. Apollo program was d i r e c t e d by NASA Office of Manned Spsce Flight; MSC was responsible f o r Apollo spacecraft development, MSFC f o r Saturn V launch vehicle, and KSC f o r launch operations. Tracking and d a t a a c q u i s i t i o n w a s managed by GSFC under o v e r a l l d i r e c t i o n of NASA Office of Trackin and Data Acquisition. 7 16-25/69; W Post, 7/16-25/69; (NRSA Proj O f f ; NASA Release 69-83K; 10E) W -S t a r , 7/16-25/69; B 7/16-25/69; m), . -- Sun-, U.S.S.R.'s L m a XV (launched July 13) entered lunar o r b i t at J u l y 16: 3:00 pm Bsikonur t G W 0 am EDT) with a l l systems functioning normally, Tass announced. S i r Bernard Lovell, Director of U.K,'s J o 3 r e l l Bank Experimental S t a t i o n , s a i d spacecrart w a s transmitting telemetry data but no photographic signals. (SEX, 7/18/69, 22; AP, W Star, 7/17/69, ~ 1 ) �I n Cape Kennedy interview before A ~ o l l ol l l a u n c h , Vice President Spiro T. A g n e w said, " I t is my individual f e e l i n g t h a t we should a r t i c u l a t e 3. simple, ambitious, optimistic goal of a manned f l i g h t t o Mars by t h e end of t h i s century. Whether we say it o r not, someone's going t o do it." After l i f i o f f , Vice R e s i d e n t t o l d NASA launching team, ",..all t h e time I was out t h e r e I couldn't help thinking of you, t h e people i n here and all over NASA who have done such a b r i l l i a n t job in p u t t i n g together t h e combined e f f o r t behind those t h r e e gentlemen who are o f f on this . h i s t o r i c m i s s i o n . . . . 1: b i t t h e b u l l e t f o r you today a s far as Mars i s concerned. But on t h e other hand. I may be a voice i n t h e wilderness. I n Washington, 1). C. , Senate Majority l e a d e r Michael J. Mansfield (D-lrknt. ) t o l d press, "I think we have a l o t of problems here on e a r t h t h a t we must f a c e up t o and when we s e t t l e those we ought t o consider future space ventures." Senate Majority Whip Edward M. Kennedy (D- ass.) s a i d , "The Apollo program i s f o r landing a man on the moon and explorat i o n and should take another one t o two years. I think a f t e r that t h e space program ought t o f i t i n t o our other n a t i o n a l p r i o r i t i e s " (witkin, NYT, 7/17/69, 1; Transcript of Agnew statement t o I4k.A launch crew; Unna, m o s t , 7/17/69, KL) J u l y 16: , .. . . A t White House, President Nixon proclaimed July 21 National Day of P a r t i c i pation. "Apollo l l i s on i t s way t o the moon.... Never before has man embarked on so epic an adventure. . A s t h e astronauts go. . w e on e a r t h w i J l want, as one: people, t o be 'with them i n s p i r i t . .and t o support them with prayers t h z t a l l w i l l go well." A l l Executive departments and Government agencies would be closed and U.S. f l a g would be displayed on public buildings. With many members at Cape Kennedy, Senate and House met b r i e f l y and conducted only r o u t i n e business. Congressional Record was f i l l e d with comments on Apollo ll and @shes , f o r Godspeed t o astronauts. (E, 7 1 ~ 1 6 9 ,997-8; 7/16/69) .. . . z, . During C I S TV interview a t Cape Kennedy following Apollo 11 launch, former President Lyndon B. Johnson said, "If our i n d u s t r i a l people, t h e s e great managers of industry, t h e Laboring people of t h e country, t h e government, t h e s c i e n t i s t s , all. with t h e help of t h e Congress, can get together and do a job l i k e t h i s t h e r e 's j u s t nothing we c a n ' t do. " To world' s i l l s , "we must apply some of t h e g r e a t t d e n t t h a t we've applied t o space." There wasn't "a s i n g l e thing that our country does, t h a t our government does, t h a t our people do, t h a t has g r e a t e r p o t e n t i a l f o r peace than t h e space e f f o r t . " (UPI, E , 7/17/69, 20) . Between 750,000 and 1 million persons crowded Brevard County, F l a . , t o witness launch of Apollo U, including 5,000 d i g n i t a r i e s headed by Vice President Spiro T. Agnew and former President Lyndon B. Johnson. �July 1 6 (continued) The Rev. RaLph D. Abernathy and 40 representatives of Poor People s Caapaign watched launch fYom bleacher s e a t s with 10,000 guests including f a m i l i e s of Apollo program personnel, while other repres e n t a t i v e s marched outside KSC. P a r i s Match had brought 105 European businessmen. Sone 3,100 press members were a t s p e c i a l stand. A s Apollo spacecraft l i f t e d f Y o m launch pad t h e r e w a s some applause, but most s p e c t a t o r s s t a r e d i n s i l e n c e u n t i l Saturn V rocket disappeared overhead, M ' t e m r d s many were caught i n monumental t r a f f i c jams. Banana River, f i v e miles south of Launch Complex 39, was clogged with s e v e r a l thousand boats r e g i s t e r e d from New England t o Texas. w post, 7/17/69, m; ~ e i n r a u b ,E, 7/17/69, 21, Lyons, E, 7 . Apollo L-l launch brought mood of ' r e f l e c t i o n across at ion, New York Times s a i d , Dawn was breaking i n western U . S . when b l a s t o f f occurred. Workers i n San Frarlcisco's open air f i s h markets stood i n s i l e n c e t o hear r a d i o r e p o r t . I n San Diego motorists crossing U.S.-Mexican border l i s t e n e d t o countdown on c a r radios. I n mid-America, c l a s s e s were postponed at A i r Force Acaderqy i n Colorado Springs, Colo., while cadets watched launch on TV. Cowhands at northern Wyoning ranch, inaccessible t o r a d i o o r TV, i n t e r r u p t e d work t o honor ApoUo U. Ranch owner D r . W e i g h Thorn I1 said, "We f e e l so close t o t h e moon shot out here, because we're so close t o the stars and sky." b BUoxi, Miss., harbor fishermen psused on wharf t o hear countdown. In Tennessee, tobacco farmers l i s t e n e d t o t r a n s i s t o r radios i n fields, Washington, D. C. , school teacher said, "The astronauts didn 't just go t o the moon. KU our minds went t o t h e moon and i n t e l l e c t u a l l y man' s horizons have jumped l e a p s and bounds beyond t h e h i s t o r i c a l s i t u a t i o n they've always been confined t o . " (F'osburgh, E , 7/17/69, 1) Worldwide audience focused on Apollo ll lamzh: A t summer residence, Caste1 Gondolfo, Italy, Pope Paul V I asked f o r prayers f o r U.S. astronauts a few hours before launch of Apollo 11. U.S.S.R. r a d i o and TV gave factual. a c c o m t s of Apollo 1l launch but maintained third day of s i l e n c e on Luna XV. Major Soviet news program a t 8: 30 pa Moscow time showed t a p e of Apollo U l i f t o f f taken from l i v e cornsat coverage. Public i n t e r e s t i n ApoUo 33 was high. I n U. K. TV viewers saw launch v i a t r a n s a t l a n t i c s a t e l l i t e . BBC scheduled l i v e coverage t h o u @ July 24 splashdown and would r e l a y broadcasts t o continent by cable: London newspapers frontpaged Apollo ll. Daily Express headljlle read, "Ho Hum--Anyone f o r t h e Moon �July 16 (continued) Today?" over report on relaxed a s t r o n a d s . - ~ o l i s h Aewers - ~ ~ saw launch v i a 45-min transmission d i r e c t l y *om Cape Kennedy. Hundreds of Germans and Americans crowded i n t o Apollo ll exhibit i n Mannheim, Germany, department store. Swedish TV viewers were advised by s t a t e broadcasting company n o t t o turn off s e t s Sunday night--so they could be awakened for scheduled moon landing Monday. Hippies i n I r a n held m i l k and honey p&y in Teheran restaurant t o t o a s t astronauts In Egypt, Moslem world's leamoon expert, Sheikh Ahmand Haredi said, "The Koran urges Moslems t o look up from t h e i r e a r t h l y abode t o what l i e s behind the moon and stars." Japanese department s t o r e s featured models of ApoUo command module. In Greece, Aspis-Pronoia insurance company issued f i r s t outerspace l i f e insurance policy, t o cover Apollo U crew a t $10,000 each. I n Spain people called event most i n t e r e s t f n g since Colmbus U s covered Amer.i ca. I s r a e l ' s s t a t e radio broadcast i n Hebrew from Cape Kennedy while I s r a e l i s stood around TV s e t s and portable radios i n s t r e e t s . U . S . Enbassy in Tel Aviv and U. S. .consulate .. in Jerusalem opened Apollo l l i n f o h a t ion o f f i c e s Apollo 11 reaction was "generally t e p i d " i n Lagos, Nigeria. Radio Nigeria reported launch seven minutes i n t o i t s am newscast. Later it became number one newscast item. Most of Latin America missed launch on TV because of failure of I n t e l s a t - I 1 1 P-2 June 29. Latin American newspapers and TV correspondents t r a v e l e d t o U.S. t o cover launch and were repol-ted t o be outraged by absence of TV coverage in t h e i r countries. I n Colombia, . . .town s q k i e s . govemerrt asked TV manufacturers t o pu-k s e t s i n all ~ off t o watch lunar landing. Bogota students would have J & 21 ( r a ~ 7/17/69, ~, a,22; C W i b , 7/17/69) . . . Harry F. Guggenheim s a i d in Washington Evening Star a r t i c l e t h a t rocket expert D r . Robert H. Goddard "was t o t h e moon rocket what t h e Wright brothers were t o the airplane. " Guggenheim, administrator of Daniel Guggenheim Fund f o r the Promotion of Aeronautics during p;riod it helped support D r . Goddard's research, t r a c e d career of "Father of modern rocketry" from early experiments i n 1 9 8 . Among Goddard' s inventions were: f i r s t l i q u i d - f u e l rocket, first smokeless powder rocket, and f i r s t p r a c t i c a l automatic steering device f o r rockets It was no wonder American Rocket Society had conceded t o Goddard, "the almost single-handed development of rocketry 'from a vague dream . �July 16 (continued) t o one of t h e most significant branches of modern engineering. ' " He had l e f t "testimony t o the power of one s o l i t a r y individual t o e f f e c t change and t o transform the future." While D r . Goddard had died without fame which had accrued t o Wright brothers i n t h e i r l i f e t i m e , "he died s t i l l believing t h a t man would one day s h a t t e r t h e f e t t e r s of Earth's g r a v i t y and s t r i d e majestically i n t o t h e ' v a s t rea.hesmof space. I wish he were here now t o share t h i s moment. It belongs t o him." (Q, W S t = , 7/16/69, U S ) . A s part ' of NASA and Washington National Gallery o f A r t program, Eyewitness t o Space, group of a r t i s t s attended Apollo ll, launch t o paint f a c e t s of mission. Program originated i n 1963 when a r t i s t s were invited t o cover Mercury 9 mission. h o n g t h o s e commissioned t o record Apollo I I were Peter Hurd, Robert Rauschenberg, L a m a Dodd, and James B. Wyeth. Since program started, 25 a r t i s t s had produced more than 500 sketches and paintin W Post, 7/13/69, CI; . u f k s , E, 7/15/69, 33; W . Apollo 11was producing noticeable e f f e c t on business and consumer products, Washineon Post said. Snoopy the Astronaut d o l l s were s e l l i n g out; s a l e s of color V !l s e t s had r i s e n in some s t o r e s ; and s a l e s of "moon maps and globes, as well a s t o y rocket ships and lunar exploration vehicles had a l s o l i f t e d s m a r d . " Two Washington, D.C., department s t o r e s were offering Japanese telescopes ranging f'rorn $19.99 t o $1,000.00. One t o y store manager s a i d s a l e s of space-related toys had jumped 7% or 8% i n two months. Rockets propelled by s o l i d f u e l i n s e r t s sold f o r $1.50 t o $5.00 complete with recovery parachute. One Washington s t o r e had sold out supply of $10 space s u i t s . Demand f o r r e n t a l of color !t'V s e t s in Washington a r e a had been " t e r r i f ig" according t o area dealer. , (Cushing , W Post, 7/16/69, DU) . NAS announced formation of Universities Space Research Assn. (US%) --national consortium of 48 universities--to f o s t e r cooperation among u n i v e r s i t i e s , other research organizations, and Government f o r advancement of space researcbj [see Jan. -lo,]. It would a c q h e , plan, construct, and operate l a b o r a t o r i e s and otber f az'iliti e s f o r R%D and education in space science and technology and had submitted proposal t o NASA f o r management of Lunas Science I n s t i t u t e i n Houston, Tex. Existing contract between NASA and NAS would e x p h e in autumn. U n i v . of California a t San Diego Vice Chancellor of Graduate Studies and Research, D r . Fkederick T, Wall, wasChairman of Board of Trustees. (NAS ele ease) �July 16 : U. S. newspaper e d i t o r i a l s hailed Apollo U launch. Miami News : "All America, represented by three lonely men i n space, i s on its way t o t h e moon. I n fact, t h i s i s a people's e f f o r t , arousing the i n t e r e s t and p a r t i c i p a t i o n of a l l t h e people of t h i s country, This i s evidenced by t h e more than one &ion persons on hand a t Cape Kennedy f o r t h e s t a r t of the moon voyage and by t h e many millions who join in t h e adventure by television. Today's magnificent launch, and t h e elan s t i r r e d i n our people by it, makes t h i s one of America s most splendid hours. " id News, 7/16/69, A16) Washington Evening S t a r : countdown which culminated i n A 0110ll l i f t o f f , "regardless of NASA's o f f i c i a l records," had begun, L when prlmit i v e maii. first looked up imto t h e.- night $9t o gaze a t t h e mb'on', and t o f e e l t h e f i r s t s t i r r i n g s of wonder. " (W 7/16/69, A22) Huntsville Times: Manhattan ~ m t had climaxed with July 16, . 1945, explosion of world's f i r s t successful a t d c bomb. "Men, it seems, can only pray that t h e consequences of the quest of t h e planets may be better t h a n those born i n t h e i r r e v e r s i b l e explosion on a New Mexico desert 24 years ago. " ( ~ u n s t f l eTimes, 7/16/69) Chicago Sun-Times : "Man has always looked upward t o t h e s t a r s , f i r s t i n f e a r and awe, then in need t o know. Today t h e first great s t e p t o t h e firmament wiLl be taken. If it i s successful man w i l l stand on t h e threshold of outer space--and standing t h e r e will reach outward. " (C Sun-Times, 7/16/69) - ... + E%-&r Gvenska Dagbladet, Stockholm, Sweden welcomed ApolJo ll launch: "One of t h e g r e a t e s t adventures of human history begins today.. Studies of t h e moon w i l l t o a great degree enrich our knowledge of both t h e earth and space. Among other things it w i l l be possible t o make comparisons which will propel science by leaps in various d i s c i p l i n e s While w e can predict much t h a t may result from conquest of t h e moon, there w i l l i n s U likelihood be many r e s u l t s which we cannot even imagine now. All great discoveries and bold undertakings have brought advances which no one could have foreseen *om t h e outset." Arbetet, Malmo, Sweden: "There i s an i r r a t i o n a l element Fn these f e a t s of discovery which fortunately dominates t h e prosaic calculation of gains. Then one can regret t h a t man's fantasy seems incapable of being f i r e d f o r such a tremendous task as eliminating starvation fYom our earth, o r f o r bringing peace t o Biafra or for eliminating the U.S. Negro ghettos.... Three men w i l l be l i f t e d t o world acclaim today on " t h e c r e s t of mankind ' s greatest ever coordinated e f f o r t . ( ~ m h b a s s y , Stockholm) .. .... ... �White House announced ApoUo 11 crew on way tomoon was carrying July 17: Soviet cornmemorat ive medals brought back t o U. S , by Astronaut Frank Borman, who had received then from widows of Cosmonauts Yuri A. Gagarin and Vladimir M. Komarov during h i s Moscow v i s i t . Apollo 11 also c a r r i e d ApoUo 204 crew patch and commemorative medals struck f o r . f a m i l i e s of Astronauts Virgil I. Grissom, Edward H. White, and Roger B. Chaffee before astronauts died in Jan, 27, 1967, f i r e . President Nixon said, "The names of Gagarin and Komarov, of Grissom, White, and Chaffee, share the bonors we pray wiJl come t o Armstrong, AldrFn, and Collins. I n recognizing t h e dedication and s a c r i f i c e of b ~ mene of d i f f e r e n t nations, we underscore an example we hope t o s e t : t h a t i f men can reach t h e moon, men can reach agreement. " (m),7/21/69, 999 > 'Aerospace industry was having i t s greatest week i n h i s t o r y with Apollo U launch, s a i d New York Times, but aerospace stocks remained i n doldrums. Wall S t r e e t was "bearish about t h e industry and, from an investment standpoint, unenthusiastic about space, " Security analysts interviewed agreed Apollo U would have l i t t l e e f f e c t on long-depressed stocks, which commenced decline in 1968; many were s e l l i n g near lows f o r year. Aerospace industry was chief beneficiary of space program funds, but l a r g e s t portion of $34 b i l l i o n spent since 1950 had been allocated before " r e a l l y spectacular shots" occurred. While Apollo program had been "tremendous boon t o the aerospace industry and t o t h e advancement of technology, " it represented s m a l l part of total industry revenues and outlook was f o r f u r t h e r decline. ( ~ m e r E , ,7/17/69, 6 3 ) ApoLlo 11 launch continued t o draw wide e d i t o r i a l comment i n foreign and n a t i o n a l press. New York Times : "One could hardly watch t h e magnificent spectacle of t h e l i f t o f f , l e t alone contemplate t h e feats of human ingenuity t h a t made it possible, a s well a s t h e courage and s k i l l of t h e f l y e r s , without The temptation i s some r e f l e c t i o n upon t h e meaning of this event.... strong t o f a l l back upon lyricism. The poetry of t h e t h i n g has yet t o Find i t s expression i n any of t h e earnest, p r o f i c i e n t Americans who have ventured away from t h e Earth; y e t , the' stunning beauty of man's most marvelous creation, as it rose i n i t s majesty toward the unknown, toward t h e future, could be matched only by t h e profound sense of having been preserrt a t an end t o something and therefore necessarily a t a beginning." (wicker, E,7/17/69) . Chicago Tribune: "The Apollo 11b l a s t o f f was as b e a u t i f u l a one a s we 've seen. It displayed every b i t of t h e precision a n d ' t h e c a r e f u l planning which we have come t o ,expect from NASA." One of most " s a t i s f y ing" things w a s t h a t , " l i k e our e a r l i e r launchings, it took place within �July 17 (continued) the s i g h t of anybody who wanted t o go t h e Florida coast t o watch it, and was broadcast l i v e t o courrtless millions more in every corner of t h e world. People will not fail t o contrast t h i s with t h e secrecy of Russia's unmanned Luqa 15, which may reach t h e moon today on a myster i o u s mission of i t s own. " ( C Trib, 7/17/69) Christian Science Monitor: "And although it i s an American moonc r a f t , bearing American men. the venture i s , i n t h e best sense, a universal one. It i s t h e r e s u l t of American technology p u t t i n g t o use t h e knowledge, techniques and discoveries i n which aJ3, nations and races have participated. all nations and peoples are taking part. " (E, 1/17/69) . S e a t t l e Times: "The space program has yielded Fmmense new resources i n . . . s c i e n t i f i c and technological advances which...make t h e program worth while even beyond t h e explorations and discoveries--and national pride-offered by t h e ventures irrto outer space. It s t r i k e s us, therefore, that the time i s a t hand f o r these so-called by-products of t h e space . program, which hold such promise f o r u t i l i z a t i o n i n behalf of mankind, t o be put t o work f o r t h a t purpose. " (S Times, 7/17/69) Bulgarian Telegraph ~ g e n c ~ i r e p o rcarried t in Bulgarian newspapers Rabotnichesko Delo, Narodna Mladezh, Trud, and Kooperativno Celo commented: " I n the coming days a l l humanity will follow t h i s flight with i n t e r e s t and tension. .And surely t h e r e i s no one on our o l d planet who will not ask himself t h i s quest ion: 'Will it succeed? " ( ~ Embassy, m of i a ) .. . .. - July 18: I n r e s p o n s e t o telephone inquiry by Astronaut Frank Borman, Mstislav V. Kddysh, President of Soviet Academy o f Sc'iences, .sent telegram guaranteeing t h a t LULL&XV, o r b i t i n g moon, would not i n t e r f e r e with Apollo 11 mission and assuring.&rman t h a t he would be n o t i f i e d of any changes in spacecraf't's course. Under 1967 U.N. Outer space Treaty, U. S. and U. S. S.R. were bound t o furnish each other t h i s kind of data. ( ~ i l f o r d ,E,7/19/69, 1) ' Apollo passive seismic experiment, part of extravehicular a c t i v i t y t o be performed by Apollo U- astronauts on moon, was hescribed i n Science as "the most exciting experiment i n seismology. " Dr. G. Latham and D r . M. Ewing of Columbia Univ.'s Lmont-Doherty Geol o g i c a l Observatory, D r . F. Press of MIT, and D r . G. Sutton of Univ. of Hawaii explained objective was t o detect naturally occurring s e i d c events on lunar surface through e a r l y Apollo scient if i c experiment package ( ~ S E P )planted on moon. Package weighed 105 lbs and \-odd transmit data t o earth one year (ox �July 18 (continued) maximum two years), during lunar days because i t s solar c e l l panels required U u m i n a t i o n t o provide power. Complete Apollo lunar surface experiments package (ALSEP) , containing a t l e a s t t h r e e additional experiments for measurements of s o l a r wind and magnetic f i e l d , would be included on ~ ~ o l l1o2 'for day and night operation. I n Apollo 11 experiment astronaut would remove instrument from LM t o smoothest a r e a w i t h h 6 .'6-9.8 ft (20-30 m) o f LM,,_ unfold solar panels adjust package l e v e l t o within 5 O , o r i e n t it i n azimuth f o r rn&-Lrnum illumination of s o l a r panels, and a h antenna toward earth. MSC would issue commands t o uncage and l e v e l seismometers and s e l e c t proper gain. Expected sources of lunar seismic a c t i v i t y included several hundred monthly moonquakes, thermal s t r e s s e s produced by rapid temperature v a r i a t i o n s a t surface; t i d a l s t r e s s e s exerted by earkh and sun; and meteoroid Impacts. By end of Apollo program, s c i e n t i s t s hoped t o have achieved crude curves of t r a v e l time f o r body and surface waves and beginning of seismicity map of moon. During post -Apoll.o period, seismologists wanted t o achieve wider d i s t r i b u t i o n of detectors t o map seismically a c t i v e b e l t s i n greater detail; study mechmisms of energy release; lower minimum detectable ground motion of individual seismometer; and improve performance of long-period seismometer systems a t ultrabng-period end of spectrum f o r recording surface waves from moonquakes free o s c i l l a t i o n s o f moon, and lunar t i d e s . (science, 7/18/69, 241-501 White House confirmed President Nixon would talk with ApoUo U. astronauts over two-way TV hook-up a s they f i r s t s e t foot on moon. Nixon and Astronauts N e i l A. Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., would be v i s i b l e on s p l i t screen t o e a r t h viewers. President could wat-ch on White House TV, but astronauts would have no view of him. President Nixon planned t o spend evening of July 20 watching Apollo U progress on TV with former Astronaut Frank Borman, White House l i a i s o n with NASA. ( ~ y o n s , w Post, 7/19/69, ~ 9 ) ApoUo 10 mission (May 18-26), first lunar o r b i t a l mission with complete Apollo s p a c e c r a n , was adjudged successful by NASA. Mission had achieved a l l objectives; systems had performed according t o plan with only minor anomalies and crew had acquired major q u a n t i t i e s of photographic t r a i n i n g materials for subsequent Apollo missions. (NASA Proj O f f ) I z v e s t i a gave f i r s t U.S.S.R. report of President Nixon's July 17 annoncement t h a t medals of two dead Soviet cosmonauts would be placed on moon Factual account of mission c a r r i e d no comment. �July 18: Pride Inc. operations director Marion Barry c a l l e d on black c o m i t y t o work during July 2l National Day of P a r t i c i p a t i o n declared by President Nixon in honor of Apollo ll lunar landing. During Washington press conference he said, "Why should blacks r e j o i c e when two white Americans land on the moon when white America's money and technology have not even reached" t h e inner c i t y ? "Why should blacks celebrate Monday. . .when President Nixon d i d n ' t f e e l t h a t D r . Martin Luther King's assassination deserved t o be observed?" ( p a , W post, 7/19/69, ~ 9 ) Richmond, V a . , News Leader e d i t o r i a l approved Vice President Splro T . . Agnewt s calling f o r f l i g h t t o Mars by end of century [see July 161 : "one day, man wiU go beyond the planets, to other s o l a s systems; r i g h t now...that i s not within our technological reach. But Mars i s , . and so are t h e other planets. The moon i s in e a r t h ' s , and man's, own crib. Plans and commitments should be made--now--for man t o take grown-up s t r i d e s i n t h e r e a l world of space, " (R News-Lead-, 7/18/69) After four years of "running a t t o p speed, " MSC had f a i l e d t o turn Houston, Tex., into "science c i t y , I' said Thomas G. Plate i n Science. Houston area, as l a r g e s t petrochemical industry area i n U.S., was "going i t s own booming way" while 4,600 NASA people and 9,000 employees of 125 private firms workhg on NASA business i n a r e a helped to shape space 8ge community a t 14SC. "The i n j e c t ion of $140 million a year i n NASA money and t h e impact on t h e l i f e of t h e area of WSA workers--some 2500 of them R&D s c i e n t i s t s and engineers-and of t h e 9300 employees of high-technology firms serving MSC has so far had surprisingly l i t t l e e f f e c t . B u t meanwhile t h e space community has developed its own s p e c i a l character with i t s owxi s t y l e of l i f e and i t s own special goals." (science, 7/18/69, 265-9) ... ComSatCorp reported second quarter earnings of $1,46,000 (20 cents per share) ; earnings had been $1,506,000 (15 cents per share) in similar 1958 period. Earnings for f i r s t six months of 1959 t o t a l e d $3,501,000 (35 cents per share) and $3,405,000 (33 cents per share) i n 1968. ( ~ & a t ~ o r pRelease 69-43) Montreal, Canada, Gazette commented on ApoLlo ILL mission: m d o n Johnson, more than any other man, i s responsible f o r meeting t h e moon-shot deadline this week.. ( ~ Consul, m hntreal) J?ly 19: .." �July 19: P i t t s f i e l d , Mass,, Berkshire Eagle e d i t o r i a l said: "It s u b t r a c t s nothing from t h e extraordinary human and t e c h n i c a l achievement represented by Apollo ll t o say t h a t t h e projected l u n a r landing i s an occasion not only f o r awe and pride but a l s o f o r a thoughtful reappraisal 6f our whole approach t o t h e new f,xonti e r of space. " ( B Eagle, - 7/19/69) "We have entered a new era, " D r . Thomas 0. P a h e , NASA Administrator, t o l d press i n Houston following Apollo l l l u n a r landing. "The significance of t b e t r i p i s t h a t mankind i s going t o establish places of abode outside of h i s planet earth. 'I In telephone c a l l t o White House, D r . Paine had t o l d President Nixon, " I t i s my honor on behalf of t h e e n t i r e NASA team t o report t o you t h a t t h e Eagle has landed on t h e Sea of Tranquility and our astronauts a r e safe and looking forward t o s t a r t i n g the explorat-ion of t h e moon. " Dr. Paine s a i d IYesident had 'spoken with "excitement and awe in h i s voice " and mood was t h a t of "considerable tension relieved." NASA planned t e n t a t i v e s i x additional manned lunar missions over next few years. D r . Paine praised U.S.S.R.'s cooperation i n providing Luna XV information He a l s o s a i d i f Astronaut t o Astronaut Frank B o m n [ see July 181 Neil A . Armstrong,had not assumed manual control of LM t o s t e e r it from c r a t e r during lunar landing, "we might. .have had considerable d i f f i c u l t y . " ( ~ c ~ e h a nB,@, 7 / 2 1 / 6 9 , J u l y 20: , . . CBS presented interview with former President Lyndon B. Johnson which had been taped July 5. President Johnson credited space program with sparking "revolution of t h e 60s" and said, "We c a n ' t discard space. We're just beginning. " U. S. had enough money, "to do all t h e t h i n g s w e need t o do" i n spsce, education, and health. ''What we must 'have i s , t h e determination t o do it. " He s a i d his last act as president had been t o send A o l l o 8 photos of earth t o 186 leaders of foreign governments. (W Post, hA71 Astronaut Frank Sorman repeated Apollo 8 reading f'rom Genesis a t White House s e r r l c e attended by President and family, Vice presidefit, Cabinet members, Congressmen, and members of J o i n t Chiefs o f S t a f f , and of diplomatic corps. During sermon, D r . Paul S, Smith, President of Whittier College m d member of Religious Society of Friends, said: "1t was a philosopher. .who, two thousand years ago, f i r s t recounted a voyage t o t h e moon. Lucian called it The True History but confessed i n t h e preface t h a t he wrote 'of things which are not and never could have been. It was a p o l i t i c a l s a t i r i s t s precautionary. disclaset;, . because his r e a l subject was t h e s t u p i d i t y of human warfag, His lunar voyagers got caught up in internecine s t r i f e between t h e moonmen . �July 20 (continued) and the sunmen over t h e colonization of Venus! If t h e r e i s something i n s t r u c t i v e i n t h e thought, it may be the implication t h a t a f t e r two millenia of philosophy men are s t i l l f i g h t i n g over real e s t a t e and s t i l l dying i n t h e name of philosophical abstractions, but that a voyage t o t h e moon is' just as feasible (tho h somewhat more expensive) as a t r i t o T i m W u . " (Wiegers, W Post, j;$21/69, B1; 3 7/22/69, H6189-50 7 Hours before lunar landing attempt by Apollo 3 l Astronauts Neil. A. Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin, Pope Paul V I said a t C a s t e 1 Gondolfo, I t a l y : "In t h e ecstasy o f t h i s prophetic day, a r e a l triumph f o r means produced by man f o r t h e domination of the universe, we must not forget man's need t o dominate h b s e l f . Admiration, enthusiasm and passion for instruments , f o r t h e . products of man's hand, fascinate us, perhaps t o the point of madness.,.. This i s t h e danger: We must beware of t h i s worship. " (~chmick,B -3Sun 7 1 ~ 1 6 9 A4) , Tass announced t h a t Luna XV was still functioning normally i n lunar o r b i t with 109.4-km (68-m-me, 16.1-Eon (10-mi)perilune, 1-hr 54-min period, and 127' inclination. S i r Bernard Lovell, Director of U, K. ' s JodrelL . - . . Ba.nk ExperhentaL Station, s a i d Luna XV had conducted two midcourse corrections and speculated t h a t spacecrart was prepar' e i t h e r t o land o r t o observe ApoUo 1l landing. (AP, B Sun, July 20-21: White House was flooded with congratulatory cables and telephone c U s on Apollo U landing, from beads o f s t a t e throughout world. Washington Post estimated h a l f b i l l i o n persons had watched lunar touchdown on worldwide TV, and NBC said 123 million i n U.S. saw it, mostly i n t h e i r own homes. But 35,000 baseball fans i n New York had learned of landing's success when words "They're on t h e moon" flashed on scoreboard a t Yankee Stadium. I n New York's Harlem, many of 50,000 attending s o 3 music festival booed lunar L a n a . announcement. A t massive "Moon In" a t Central Park, e n t h u s i a s t i c crowd of young people watched landing on huge outdoor TV screen i n steady downpour and bought "lunar dogs, " "ApoUo rock candy, " and "moon picnic " boxes Composer and band leader Duke Ellington made singing debut with "Moon aid en," song he wrote t o celebrate Apollo l l success, taped f o r ABC. New York Times sold out 950,000 copies of July 21 issue announcing lunar landing and announced it would reprint e n t i r e edition July 24 as souvenir. Special Florida Times-Union e d i t ion . �J u l y 20-21 (continued) datelined "Moonday, July 21" sold out in Jackson within two hours. Estimated 8,000 Western E l e c t r i c Co. employees l e f t work or f a i l e d t o show up i n protest against being denied access t o !CV o r radios on Job during lunar landing. Des Moines, Iowa, TV.stations received some complaints from viewers over absence of regular programs; Crime r a t e f e l l i n Los Angeles, while in Savannah, Ga., 17 prisoners sawed t h e i r way out of Chatham County prison branch while guards watched Apollo 11 on TV. A t MSC, Houston Welfare Rights Organization members demonstrated around display of LM, calling o n U. S. t o s e t new oal--elimination of poverty. (AP, B Sun; 7/22/69; W Post, 7/21/69; 7 22/69; Apollo U f i s s i o n Comentary, 7 / 2 1 / 6 9 ; ~ y ~ m 7 / 6 7 9 / ,r 1 / 6 9 ) 7 N i l l i o n s around world hailed Apollo 1l landing: Soviet Premier Alexsey Kosygin complimented U.S. on lunas landing and expressed i n t e r e s t in widening U. S -U.S S R. space cooperat ion during July 21 Moscow discussion with former Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey, who was ending Soviet visit. Soviet TV did not carry live coverage of Apollo lJ. lunar landing July 20; Tass announcement was read by newscaster and carried i n two-paragraph item on Pravda's f r o n t page. Evening paper, Izvestia accorded s t o r y more space and featured photo of astronauts on moon. On W ,Cosmonaut Konstarrtin P. Feoktistov described landing as "major landmark" and s a i d crew had coped " b r i l l i a n t l y " with mission. Georgy Petrov, Director of Soviet I n s t i t u t e f o r Cosmic Research, called Apollo I l "outstanding achi&ement" but s a i d more data per ruble could have been gathered by unmanned probes. Statue dedicated to Apollo ll astronauts was unveiled July 21 in s p o r t s stadium a t Cracow, Poland. I n U.K., Queen Elizabeth watched lunar landing on W ,then cabled President Nixon "warme s t congratulations. " Prime U , n i s t ,,Earold Wilson expressed " h e a r t f e l t r e l i e f . " A t J o d r e l l Bsnk Experfmental ,$tation astronomers applauded and director, S i r Bernard Lovell, s a i d that "the f u t u r e has been revolutionized. " David Threlfall collected $24,000 on fiveyear-old bet t h a t man would land on c e l e s t i a l body before 191. Betting shop had given him thousand-to-one odds [ see May 291 In Wollongong, Australia, l o c a l judge heard cases while watching Apollo 11 lunar landing on portable TV s e t , Czechoslovakia issued two postage stamps July 21 comme&rating . . - . --.. lunar landing, while record crowds a t U. S. Embassy exhibition tapered o f f a f t e r exhausting supply of ApoJlo giveaway materials. Five thousand Hungarians walked'thraugh American Embassy i n 'Budapest July 21, picking up USIA pamphlet Man on t h e Moon. . .. . �July 2 0 - 2 l ( continued) In Romania, bouquets were tossed through U.S. Embassy fence t o foot of flagpole and several Romanians reported l a r g e numbers of Bulgarians were crossing border t o watch l i v e TV coverage of Apollo 11. Cuban government decided not t o jam Voice of America broadcast of Apollo ll lunar landing, but in Algiers news was ignored except f o r announcement in government -controlled newspaper t h a t "the man i s on t h e moon. " I n Ghana, v i l l a g e chief l i s t e n i n g t o VOA broadcast feared a s t r o nauts might f a l l off moon if not caref'ul. I n Bangkok, fYeedom f o r 622 pardoned prisoners was delayed because l. guards r e f u s e d t o leave TV s e t s showing Apollo l Lunar landing s t o l e top play i n I s r a e l and Egypt, from accounts of t h e i r f i e r c e f i g h t i n g a t Suez Canal. In Singapore, girl born half hour a f t e r l u n a r landing was named Luna. In Pakistan, boy baby was named Apollo. P r h e Minister, Mrs. Indira Gandhi, and Indian Parliament gave standing ovation t o Apollo ILL astronauts at opening of day's business i n New Delhi July 21. In Japan, Emperor Kirohito called o f f customary daily s t r o l l and interrupted l k c h t o watch A p l l o 11 on TV. Iroquois Indians i n Brantford, Ontario, Canada, feared lunar landing might plunge e a r t h i n t o darkness and release monsters from earth's core. Their medicine man and chief, Joseph Logan, Jr., had said moon was sacred t o his people and "we a r e not supposed t o d i s t u r b her." In Taipei, Formosa, Nationalist China Parliament member Hsieh Jen-chao invited Apollo l l astronauts t o attend Moon F e s t i v a l honoring r a b b i t which Chinese legend said l i v e d on moon and could provide e t e r n a l life Same devout Muslims in Somalia refused t o believe ApoUo.11 lunar landing was r e a l i t y . Following radio, press, and word-of-mouth announcement, f $ s t ?'tght s broke out July 2 l i n Mogadiscio s t r e e t s between bel i e v e r s and disbelievers. Parents of baby boy born on lunar landing day broke with Muslim t r a d i t i o n and named c h i l d h s t m n g Abdurahmsn Osman I n Brussels workers i n radio and TV studios suspended s t r i k e during transmission of ApoUo ll mission film. I n B r a z j l several thousand persons cheered a s they witnessed t e l e vised 1uoa.r landing a t Museum of Modern A r t i n Rio de Janeiro while church b e l l s rang otrtside. In Santiago de Chile people rushed out of restaurants t o look a t moon, forgetting it was midafternoon when they learned of lunar landing. While r e s t of world focused on lunar landing, one quarter of world's population labored through s i x t h moon of Chinese l u n u year unaware of event. Approximately 800 million people in Communist China had heard no news of lunar landjag. Only deviation from " t o t a l blackout . . �July 20-21 (continued) on space exploration" w a s July 17 s t o r y o f Astronaut Frank Borman's v i s i t t o Moscow, reported by New China News Agency. (C Trib, 7/22/69; W Post, 7/a-22/69; W S t a r , 7/22/69; F,7/22/69; B ~un,-/21-22/69; Am Embassy, Prague, Bucharest, Brussels, Budapest, Mogadiscio) Press e d i t o r i a l s i n U.S. and around world underscored Apollo l l ' s landing on moon and man's f i r s t steps on another planet. St. Louis Post-Dispatch: "There i s no doubt t h a t t h e United S t a t e s should continue t o support a substantial spacefaring program. Anything e l s e would be a denial of t h e s c i e n t i f i c s p i r i t of the centuxy and t h e q u a l i t i e s t h a t have made America what it i s . E3ut i t s scope should be measured by findings and probabilities--and one other factor. Future spacefaring ought t o be a co-operative e f f o r t of all nations able t o with t h e benefits-to be shared by a l l . " ( s t . Louis P-D , 7/?0/_6?1 Washington Sunday S t a r : "A creature t h a t can stand where Armstrong and Aldrin stand tonight--that can, in the f'uture, move among t h e spheres and l i t e r a l l y explore new worlds. . . i s unlikely t o give up on t h e hard t a s k of perfecting himself and his l i f e i n h i s n a t u r a l envimnment on earth. The God who brought him thus f a r *om a blob of squirming protoplasm...is unlikely...to l e t man b l o w it all now. Here...must be t h e answer t o t h e national debate as t o whether we go ahead i n space, or whether we tend t o our k n i t t i n g a t home. We a r e bound t o do both.. , The progressive expansion of t h e physical and s p i r i t u a l domain of man inevitably w i l l i n t e n s i f y our determination and a b i l i t y , in concert with other nations, t o build a home world where hunger, f e a r and violence no longer have a place. " (W S t a r , 7/20/69, ~ 1 ) W i l l i a m Hines i n Washington Sunday S t a r : "One c&ot question t h e majesty of conception or magnitude of e f f o r t t h a t made Apollo 11 possible." But one could ask, "Is t h i s t r i p r e a l l y necessary?': One saw i n ApoUo, "that fundamental f a i l i n g called hubris, which got so many protagonists i n t o hot water i n t h e old Greek mythology. Hubris i n English i s usually taken t o mean p r i d e m arrogance; i n ancient Greek t h e word meant simple insolence. The Apo3J.o enthusiast r e j e c t s the concept of hubris; he says we go t o t h e moon not because we a r e arrogant, but because we are driven, and thereby i m p l i c i t l y r e j e c t s t h e concept of f'ree w i l l and s u b s t i t u t e s sappiness f o r sassiness. The majority asks, 'But if we d i d n ' t go, what?' and t h e minority responds,.._- 'If w- e didn't go, so what?'" (W -9S t a r . .7/20/69, ~ 2 ) Humorist Art Buchwald i n Washington Post : "Sometimes one g e t s t h e feeling t h a t t h e r i g h t hand germs i n t h e Government don't know what t h e l e f t h&d g e m s arePdoing. ?his was brought home t o me...when I read about t h e m i l l i o n s of d o l l a r s t h a t were being spent t o see that t h e . I �July 20-21 (continued) astronauts d i d not bring back a s i n g l e germ from t h e moon. Unfortunately, across t h e page kom t h a t s t o r y was another t h a t t h e Army was going ahead with open a i r t e s t i n g of nerve gases and g e m warfare," (W Post, 7 / 2 0 / 6 9 , ~6) Los Angeles Herald-Examiner: "America ' s moon program has benefited a l l mankind. It has brought b e t t e r color t e l e v i s i o n , water p u r i f i c a t i o n at l e s s c o s t , new p a i n t s and p l a s t i c s , improved weather f o r e c a s t ~ n ~ , medicine, r e s p i r a t o r s , walkers f o r t h e handicapped, l a s e r surgery, world-wide communications, new t r a n s p o r t a t i o n systems, earthquake prediction system and s o l a r power.... The Mars goal should b r i n g b e n e f i t s t o all mankind even g r e a t e r t h a n t h e tremendous contributions of t h e moon program. " (LA Her-Exam, 7/20/69) Baltimore Sun: "...it i s s t i l l almost incredible t h a t i n t h e af'ternoon of a Sunday on e a r t h two humans found themselves within a vehicle r e s t i n g on t h e surface of t h e moon. Nothing could quite prepare one's mind f o r t h a t , o r f o r t h e subsequent moment of climax, the a c t u a l sekting of a human f o o t on t h e substance of our barren s a t e l l i t e . One of t h e mysteries t h a t had engaged t h e i n f i n i t e l y i n q u i s i t i v e mind of man i s now made tangible. Others remain beyond ourand upon it. " ( B -2Sun 7 / ~ / 6 9 A161 , Chicago Daily News : "These have been moments t o savor--moments i n which uncounted millions have s h a r e d , t h e immediacy of a turning point i n h i s t o r y . This time t h e r e was no lapse of weeks o r months, waiting f o r t h e event t o be confirmed. We were all there, bound t o g e t h e r by t h e miracle of communication t h a t intertwined all t h e other miracles of technology t h a t marked man's f i r s t s t e p on a c e l e s t i a l body." c Daily News, 7/21/69) Milwaukee Journal: " ~ u ~ e r l a t i v epale s before t h e ' magnificence of thrachievement. but how many years before t h e astounding performance of Armstrong and Aldrin will seem as primitive as the pioneering work of t h e Wright brothers?" (MJ, 7/21/69, 1 4 ) Cleveland Plain Dealer : "Man' s s t o r e o f . s c i e n t i f i c knowledge w i l l be v a s t l y enriched by t h e landing on t h e moon. I n no other s i n g l e event i n h i s t o r y has t h e r e been g r e a t e r opportunity t o unlock the mysteries of t h e universe. " ' ( p l a i n Dealer, 7/21/69) London Daily Sketch: "America's moon triumph o f f e r s t h i s old world ' s bic,kering and jealous people a parable of hope, " ( B -Sun 9 7/22/69,' Al) Montreal Star: h he deepest hope f o r a world starved f o r some form of symbolism, of an attempt a t harmony i n place of s e l f i s h n e s s and narrow nationalism, cane from the astronauts." CFOX Radio, Montreal, broadcast: "...Eliminate war? Yes! E l M n a t e poverty? Yes! But t h e exploration of space w i n help us, not impede us, i n reaching t h e s e goals. " ( ~ m Consul, ~ o n t r e a)l - a ... �July 20-21 (continued) A r b e t e t , Malmo Sweden (principal organ of Social Democratic party) : "No Soviet politician has ever before used such conciliatory tones toward t h e U.S.A. a s did Foreign Minister Gmmyko recently i n h i s speech before t h e Supreme Soviet This Russian position seems generally t o be based on fears of a confrontation with China.... One of the side e f f e c t s can be increased Russian i n t e r e s t i n broader s c i e n t i f i c cooperation i n space research. Nothing e l s e could be b e t t e r designed f o r global cooperation, since nothing e l s e gives us c l e a r e r testimony that we live in one world." (hEmbassy, ~ t o c k h o l m ) , ..,. U.S.S.R.'s Luna XV (launched July 13) had landed on moon a t 6:45 J u l y 21: pm Moscow time ( l l : ) and had ended i t s work, Tas s announced. . Spacecraft had "reached t h e moon's surface i n t h e preset areat' a f t e r 52 revolutions around moon and 86 communications sessions during which "the work of the new systems of the s t a t i o n was checked, t h e parameters of t h e t r a j e c t o r y of the movement were measured, and s c i e n t i f i c research was conducted." Tass said Luna XV had demonstrated c a p a b i l i t y t o land on various areas of lunar surface by changing selenocentric o r b i t and t h a t mission had yielded Fmportant data on spacecraft systems. S i r Bernard Lovell, JodreU 8ank Experimental S t a t ion Director, s a i d signals from spacecraft had ended suddenly and estimated c r a f t might have landed i n Sea o f ' Crises, about 500 m i from Sea of Tranquility. "If we d o n ' t get any more signals, we wlll assume it crashlanded. But we don1t make t h a t a s s m p t i o n a t the moment. " (~werkzman, NYT, - 7/22/69, 1, 29) . Univ. of Texas astronomers reported second unsuccessful attempt t o bounce l a s e r beam off r e f l e c t o r lef't on moon by Apollo ll astronauts. McDonald Observatory Director, D r . Harlan Smith, s a i d he expected eventual success. (AP, B 7/22/69, ~ 8 ) s, . Galabert International Astronautics Prize f o r 1969 was awarded i n Paris t o Apollo ll astronauts. Award of $4,000 was presented m u a l l y f o r nqtable contributions "to human progress f o r t h e advancement of a l l sciences and techniques associated with astronautics. " (AP, B -9 Sun 7/22/69, A81 . KUD Secretary George W. Romney addressed International Platform A s s n . in Washington, D.C. : "I do not progose t h a t we now abandon our e f f o r t s t o extend man's reach s t i l l further beyond our planet, any more than we abandoned our domestic goals while we were reaching f o r t h e moon. But I do believe t h e time has come f o r a revision--in �July 2L (continued) f a c t , a reversal--of our national p r i o r i t i e s . I believe t h a t in t h e decades ahead, t h e public i n t e r e s t and indeed our national survival require us t o assign our housing and urban goals a high p r i o r i t y - - a t l e a s t comparable t o the p r i o r i t y we gave our space- program i n the decade Just ending." (HUD News; Hutchens, W Star, 7/22/69, ~ 6 ) - South Korea dedicated i t s first super-highway, linking Seoul with Inchon. It was named Apollo i n honor of U. S moon landing. (AP, w Post, 7/23/69, ~ 5 ) . July 22: U.S.S.R. launchedtwounmanned s a t e U i t e s . Cosmos CCXC, launched from Ple s e t sk, entered o r b i t with 323-km (200.7 - m i ) apogee, 192-km (119.3-mi) perigee, 89.6-min period, and 65.b0 i n c l i n a t i o n and reentered July 29. f h m Baikonur entered o r b i t with apogee, 496-lrm (308.2-mij perigee, 7U. 0-min (GSFC E,7/ 31/69; E,7/28/69, 62; S c i e n t i s t s a t MSC,rnonitoring seismometers l e f t on lunar surface by Apollo ll astronauts, recorded f ive-minute tremor they s a i d could have been i n t e r n a l activity--moonquake--or meteoroid s t r i k e on surface. S c i e n t i s t s expressed concern t h a t seismometer was overheating, probably because of damage t o protective cover f r o m LM exhaust, and might not survive heat of lunar moon. ( ~ c ~ e h a nB, -9Sun 7/23/69, M ; Cohn, W Post, 7/24/69, n 5 ) S c i e n t i s t s a t Lick Observatory i n California unsuccessrully t r i e d . f o r third consecutive night t o bounce ruby l a s e r beams o f f r e f l e c t o r lef't on lunar surface by Apollo 11 astronauts. They admitted d i f f i c u l t y i n pinpointing r e f l e c t o r ' s exact l o c a t ion and speculated that it mi&% have been knocked down by LM exhaust during ascent. (AP, W -' ~tar7/23169, A7) , NASA announced revised plans f o r f i r s t o r b i t a l workshop, with 1 4 2 launch using f i r s t two stages of Satum V t o launch workshop and Apollo Telescope Mount together. Workshop would be o u t f i t t e d on ground and would a r r i v e i n 253-mi c i r c u l a r o r b i t equipped for immediate occupancy by astronauts and with A!TM attached. Program objectives remained same a s when NASA intended t o use Saturn IB 2nd stage a s lgl workshop: to pmvide environment i n which man could l i v e and work f o r extended periods i n space and t o study man's physiological and psychological responses and c a p a b i l i t i e s i n space. �July 22 (continued) ATM would permit man t o operate high-resolution astronomical telescopes i n space, f r e e from e a r t h ' s atmosphere. Saturn V hardware f'rom ApoUo program was availabie f o r revised plan. (NASA Release .69-105;Simons, W Post, 7/22/69, 'Al) . President Nixon addressed 2,000 American Field Service students from 60 countries on White House lam: " . . . i n t h e yearm2000 we wiU, on t h i s e a r t h , have v i s i t e d new worlds where t h e r e w i l l be a form of l i f e . I know t h l s w i l l happen, and I want t o t e l l you a s I look forward and dream about t h a t f i t u r e . t h i s i s t h e k i n d of world I w o u l d l i k e t o see and t h e kind of exploration of t h a t new world t h a t I know all Americans want. I hope t h a t when t h e next great venture i n t o space takes place t h a t it : tbe one i n which Americans will be joined by representatives of other countries." (PD, - 7/2i3/69, 1016-7) .. . U. K. radioastronomer S i r Bernard LoveU. t o l d press at U . K. ' s J o d r e l l Bamk Experimental Station, t h a t Apollo 1l and Luna XV increased hopes f o r U. S. -U. S. S.R. space cooperation because " t h i s i s t h e f i r s t time t h e United S t a t e s has been demonstratively superior i n a v i t a l p a r t of t h e space program. American approaches f o r collaboration may be received with sympathy i n the Soviet Union as they can no longer regard themselves as masters." (AP; B 2,7/23/69, ~ 4 ) .Wall S t r e e t Brokerage houses were watching e f f e c t of Apollo 11 success on stocks a s market resumed trading afTer J u l y 21 holiday. Some f i r m s believed lunar landing would generate enthusiasm, although i t s impact would be restrained by uncertainties over surtax extension, House committee vote t o cut o i l depletion allowance (major tax benefit. o f petroleum industry) and apparent s t andof f a t Vi&nam peace conference. ( ~ 1w , star, 7/22/69, ~ 7 ) . Washington Post s a i d it found i n t e l l e c t u a l s "deeply divided" on implicat i o n s of lunar landing. Univ. o f California physicist D r . Owen Chamberlain had s a i d achievement showed "mankind can be i n charge of h i s destiny, , W e should now come back and put our emghasis on t h e surface of t h e globett t o achieve peace, l e s s e n poverty, control overpopulation, and preserve our environment. Univ. of California physicist D r . Harold C. Urey s a i d i f some of space e f f o r t r e l i e b i l i t y rubbed o f f on industry, "spin-off" would be of l$ of enormous and space program would pay f o r it s e l f . Less than GNP was spent on space and if lessened t h e r e was no guarantee it would be spent on necessary domestic programs. . 4 . �July 22 (continued) H a n d Univ. biochemist D r . George Wald had said: "What should have been a great f l i g h t of the human s p i r i t comes t o us heavy with t h r e a t . Those almost miraculous guidance systems t h a t so uncannily f i n d t h e i r t a r g e t s , win they one day be guiding missiles t o find us?" D r . Wald wondered i f ApoUo U had opened new horizons f o r h i s students. "I am a f r a i d t h a t they see i n t h i s an exercise of t h e old and w e l l entrenched, an exercise i n great wealth and power, heavy wtth m i l i t a r y and p o l i t i c a l overtones. I am afYaid t h a t they f e e l a l i t t l e more trapped; a l i t t l e more disillusioned, a l i t t l e more desperate." Most overseas i n t e l l e c t u a l s tended t o concw.,with h i s t o r i a n Prof. Arnold 5 . Toynbee' s judgment, "If we a r e going t o go on behaving on e a r t h a s we have behaved.here so f a r , then a l a n d h g on t h e moon wLfL have t o be written off as Just one more shocking misuse of mankind's - slender surplus product, " But Oxford Univ. ' s Prof. A. J. Ayer had said, "I doubt i f Prof. Toynbee has any evidence t h a t men a r e being prevented i n any large numbers &om t u r n a . t h e i r minds t o meaningful p u r s u i t s by t h e p a r t which they play, o r t h e i n t e r e s t which they take, i n t h e exploration of space.. I think t h a t these s p a t i a l explorations,. .are i n t e l l e c tually stimulating, especially t o young people. I ) Italian professor Michele Federico Sciacca of Turin, Italy, felt "united S t a t e s would o f f e r proof of havhg achieved maturity if it were t o stop exploration of space, except f o r [unmanned] ships intended t o c a r r y out e s s e n t i a l s c i e n t i f i c research. " Mankind needed l e s s tech. . n i c a l achievement and more moral and r e l i g i o u s strength. (W Post, 7 / 2 2 / 6 9 , A141 .. Australian Civil Aviation Minister Reg-lnald Swartz s a i d passengers on t r a n s p a c i f i c Qantas A i r l i n e s f l i g h t would see Agollo ll reentry July 24 when command module would p a r a l l e l t h e i r a i r c r a f t f o r four minutes during descent near Gilbert &d E l l i c e Islands. ( ~ e u t e r s ,W Post, 7/23/69, 3,456,387 to-Clyde A . Tolson, Associate Director of Federal Bureau o f Investigation, for e q u i p e n t t o operate emergency windows and e x i t s in aircraft and space vehicles. Without a c t ion of occupants , sensors would detect abnormal conditions and computer would weigh considerations before opening appropriate escape e x i t s . Patent No. 3,456,445 was issued t o Curtiss-Wright Corp. f o r improved version of astronaut maneuvering u n i t , Cap P i s t o l , intended t o propeU man outside space vehicle by capsules spaced along t a p e s t r i p and f i r e d by engine i n p i s t o l fashion. Inventors were Joseph F. Loprete, Max Beniele, and Richard E. Biehl. (pat O f f P I O ; Jones, E,7/26/69, 31) U . S . Patent Office issued patent No. �July 22: Goodyear Aerospace Corp. had invented U W P i l o t Airborne ~ e x e Device r ~ (PARD) t o keep ejecting J e t f i g h t e r p i l o t a l o f t and out o f range o f enemy ground f i r e until h i s midair r e t r i e v a l by rescue a i r c r a f t . Ballute (balloon-parachute) attached t o main parachute had burner .sus ended below and fueled fYom propane tank on p i l o t ' s back. A t 250gF hot a i r kept parachute above ground f o r 30 min. System could be operated automatically t o carry p i l o t 6,000 f't o r manually t o 10,000-ft hovering a l t i t u d e . (E, 7/22/69, 5 8 ) . National a . and i n t e r n a t i o n a l press continued comment on Apollo 11 lunar landing. Philadelphia Inquirer : " W i l l t h i s magnificent accomplishment serve a s i n s p i r a t i o n , urging Americans and all,-kind on t o a genuine 'giant leap' forward, not merely into t h e i n f i n i t e reaches o f space but i n t o the i n f i n i t e p o s s i b i l i t i e s of achievement on e a r t h where t h e space age has recorded many more f a i l u r e s t h a n successes 2' O r w i l . 1 the i n s p i r a t i o n be abandoned before t h e v e i l e d censure of those who seem t o suggest t h e solution of all human dilemmas l i e s i n turning away from space t o other p r i o r i t i e s ? " Cutbacks a t hour of triumph would be only waste of investment i n technology which c 0 3 d be help i n solving e a r t h problems. "This i s no time t o f a l t e r , our astronauts should come home t o a world and nation determined t o f u l f i l l t h e prophecy i n Commander Armstrong's words." (P Inq, 7/22/69) Washington Post: It was foolish ' t o l e a p from t h i s h i s t o r i c moment t o eager expectations of t h e day when men w i l l l i v e and work i n space, when colonies w i l l be established, food raised and i n d u s t r i a l products b u i l t on heavenly bodies other than t h e earth. These things will doubtless come i n t h e i r own good time. But t h i s , i s not t h e occasion on which t o make a new national commitment i n space that would keep N4SA1s program going a t t h e f r a n t i c pace which f u l f i l l e d President Kennedy's great promise f o r t h e moon. Now i s t h e occasion, r a t h e r , t o e s t a b l i s h a steady program of space development, one removed from the p o l i t i c a l debate over national p r i o r i t i e s , which will ensure that we e s t a b l i s h a -f i r- m base f o r---future while creg%_-- ~ e n e r a t-i.o .n. st..-o. -b g l d upon - .. - -ing a t home...a kind of society'which &ll allow t h & t o use t h e new opportunities opened up by t h e t h r e e new American heroes and the t e n s of thousands of other people who made t h e i r flight possible." (W Post, 7/22/69, ~ 2 4 ) . Handels Och Sjofartstidning, Gotebrg, Sweden: "This i s a small s t e p f o r a man, but a great one f o r hmanity. Neil Armst r o w ' s commentary when he stepped down onto t h e surface of t h e moon has every prospect of becoming one of those winged expressions which generations of school children will commit t o memory.... Now shofld be t h e time t o replace t h e extraordinarily costly space race w i t h cooperation between t h e Soviet and t h e U. S.A. " (Am Embassy, stockholm) ., - �July 22 (continued) .. Stockholm Expressen: "The 'moonshot ' . w a s Fmposing. E n t it a l s o gives a h o r r i b l e f e e l i n g t o t h i n k t h a t t h e U . S . A . can handle tremendous t e c h n i c a l problems with such ease while it i s considerably more d i f f i c u l t t o cope with those of a complicated s o c i a l , p o l i t i c a l and human nature. 'I (Am Embassy, Stockholm) Canadian Montreal Star : he s c i e n t i f i c informat ion which r e s u l t s f'rom ApoUo 11 i s an e x t r a dividend Prom an e n t e r p r i s e which has produced i t s own b e n e f i t s f o r t h e hum% s p i r i t and, perhaps, for human s o l i d a r i t y . " ( ~ Consul, m Montreal) USAF launched unidentified s a t e l l i t e from Vandenberg AFB i n t o perigee, 101.3o r b i t with 5 32.5-mi A857 -loo) apogee, 488.4-mi (786 -la) . min period, and 99.8 i n c l i n a t i o n . (GSFC 7/31/69) ~ u l y23: s, NASA's HL-10 lifting-body vehicle, p i l o t e d by NASA t e s t p i l o t W i l l i a m H. Dana, reached 68,000-ft a l t i t u d e and mach 1 . 2 during 22nd f l i g h t west of Rosamond, C a l i f . Purpose was t o obtain performance, s t a b i l i t y , and c o n t r o l data. (NASA Pm j o f f ) S c i e n t i s t s monitoring seismometer l e f t on lunar surface by Apollo J1 a s t r o nauts t o l d press a t MSC five-minute event recorded J u l y 22 was e i t h e r meteoroid s t r i k e o r moonquake similar t o mild C a l i f o r n i a earthquake recorded on East Coast. MIT geologist, D r . Frank Press, s a i d tremor would have magnitude of four o r f i v e according t o Richter s c a l e , on which major earthquake r e g i s t e r e d seven o r e i g h t , Seismic reading was strong i n d i c a t i o n that moon w a s layered with o u t e r crust and inner mantle l i k e earth and supported t h e o r i e s t h a t moon ms formed near o r t o r n from earth. Layering, he s a i d , "would imply t h a t a t one time t h e r e w a s enough heat so t h a t t h e - h e a v i e r rocks went t o t h e i n t e r i o r and t h e l i g h t e r ones t o t h e surface. (~cGehan,B Sun, 7/24/69, A l ; Lyons, E, 7/24/69, 1 ) . NASPL announced s e l e c t i o n of McDonneU Douglas Corp. and North American Rockwell Corp. s Space Div. t o conduct p a r a l l e l $ 2 . 9 - U o n , ll-mo design and planning s t u d i e s of 12-man earth o r b i t a l space s t a t i o n which could be developed by 1975 and have 10-yc l i f e t i m e . Companies would a l s o include conceptual design of 50-man space base composed of specialized modules assembled i n low earth o r b i t i n late 1970s and e a r l y 1980s t o serve as c e n t r a l i z e d s c i e n t i f i c and t e c h n i c a l f a c i l i t y i n orbit. A e r oj e t - General Corp. , General. E l e c t r i c Co. , and Hughes A i r c r a f t Co. had been s e l e c t e d f o r f i n a l competitive negotiation of contract t o �July 23 (continued) develop advanced o p t i c a l communications experiment, Companies would compete f o r one $5lmillion contract t o develop wideband iaser communications system t o be placed on board Applications Technology S a t e l l i t e ATS-F, scheduled f o r launch i n 142, f o r cormrmnications between s a t e l l i t e and transportable ground s t a t i o n . (NASA. Releases 69-108, 69-109) Canadian I s i s I Tnternat ional S a t e l l i t e f o r Ionospheric Studies (launched Jan. 30) was adjudged successful by NUA. Nine of t e n experiments were operational; ion mass spectrometer had been turned off a f t e r one week of operation, when it developed high-voltage problems, and since had been used only f o r short periods t o c o l l e c t engineering data. Lowfrequency receiver experiment kad been providing indlzect ion data, . thus compensating p a r t i a l l y f o r IMS l o s s . Onboard tape recorder was providing excellent topside ionograms of Antarctic area and other previously inaccessible areas. (NASA Proj off) N l - c o l o r lunar photos from Apollo ll, including one of man f i r s t s e t t i n g foot on moon, would be released by NKSA t o press sad TV four days af'ter splashdown, following two-day decontanination of fUm, NASA announced. Superintendent of Documents, GPO, was taking orders f r o x public f o r photos t o be f i l l e d i n l a t e August. Series of reproductions of paintings by American artists recording space program, "Eyewitness t o Space, " a l s o would be released. (NASA Release 69-035) Successrul Apollo l l mission was expected t o spur reservations on f i r s t lunar passenger f l i g h t , Washington krening.Star said. Before launch Pan American World A i r w a y s held 30,000 reservations and Trans World Airlines, 5,000. Pan Am spokesman s a i d rush began a f t e r film "2001: a Space Odyssey" was f i r s t shown i n 1968. In l e t t e r s acknowledging reservations, Pan Am was saying, "Starting date o f service i s not yet known. Equipment and route w i l l , probably, be subject t o government approvals. " TWA was saying, 'We will be i n contact with you again, a s soon a s technological advances develop t o t h e point where we can project departure dates." (W -' S t a r 7/23/69, ~ 7 ) I n Pravda Soviet Academician, Prof. Leonid I. Sedov, s a i d space research was developing in so many d i f f e r e n t directions t h a t r e a l i z a t i o n of future p r o j e c t s would require huge n a t e r i a l expenditure and concentrat ion of creative e f f o r t s of "countless highly q u a l i f i e d workers and s p e c i a l i s t s . " He said, "Not one individual country can a f f o r d the p r a c t i c a l implementation o f all t h e technically f e a s i b l e and worthw h i l e p r o j e c t s . " While s c i e n t i s t s had s a i d unmanned spacecraft �July 23 (continued) could not always be s u b s t i t u t e d f o r manned vehicles, " f l i g h t s by automatic s t a t i o n s have preceded and wiLl continue t o precede manned f l i g h t s . If H m f e e l i n g s and observations, "especially when something t u r n s up unexpectedly and unforeseen, cannot be completely replaced by automatic s t a t i o n s . " But unmanned probes would continue as pathfinders because t h e y were "cheaper, more simple and l e s s dangerous vehicles f o r research. " ( ~ e u t e r s ,W Post, 7/24/69, A15) . U.S. delegate t o U.N. William 8. Buff'm, responding t o Soviet t r i b u t e t o ApoUo lil astronauts by U.S.S.R. delegate Aleksey V. Zakharov, s a i d before Security Council he hoped " f r a t e r n a l s p i r i t " demonstrated by astronauts and cosmonauts would lead t o g r e a t e r cooperation on earth also. (E, 7/25/69, 31) . Ln his fourth reference t o Apollo Iil within week, Pope Paul V I s a i d a t summer palace, Castel Condolfo, Italy: "catholic faith, not only does not f e a r t h i s powerful confrontation of i t s humble doctrine with t h e wonderf'ul r i c h e s of modern s c i e n t i f i c thought, but it d e s i r e s it... because truth although diverse on various I e v e l s . . . i s one and because such a confrontation i s of mutua3, advantage t o f a i t h and t o study in every f i e l d , " (AP, W Post, 7/24/69, ~ 1 5 ) . Rep. Louis Frey, Jr. (R- la.), introduced for himself and Rep. William Chappell (D-c la.) H.J.R. 834 "to redesignate t h e a r e a i n t h e S t a t e of Florida known as Cape Kennedy a s 'Cape Canaveral.'" Measure was r e f e r r e d t o House Committee on Science and Astronautics. (CR, 7/23/69, ~6238) . Czechoslovakian Communist Party Central C a m i t t e e ' s weekly Tribuna s a i d l landing: "It would be premature today, t o try t o attempt of Apollo l a d e t a i l e d evaluation of t h e h i s t o r i c a l significance of t h i s a c t . Surely i t s influence w i l l be no smaller than t h a t of Columbus' t r a v e l s many centuries ago." (Am Embassy, Prague) . Space Business Daily e d i t o r i a l : "The space c o m i t y must not be asked t o stop, now t h a t they have attained t h e i r first major goal i n space, a d t o attempt t o provide a s e f f e c t i v e a leadership i n t h e s o c i a l sciences and f o r t h e domestic programs, as they have provided in t h e physical sciences and technology. Rather, it i s t i m e for t h e s o c i a l leaders of our country t o ... reexamine t h e i r own program, t o begin .. correcting t h e i r mistakes, and t o forge a management s t r u c t u r e from t h e i r fkagmented family t h a t will m o w them t o f'ully u t i l i z e t h e products of the space program. " (E, 7/23/69, 36) ' �July 24: President Nixon welcomed returning Apollo 1l astronauts aboard U. S S , Hornet : "I think I am t h e l u c k i e s t man i n t h e world. not only because I have t h e honor t o be President of t h e United States, but particularly because I have t h e p r i a e g e of speaking f o r so many i n welcoming you back to. earth. " Washington had received messages f'rom more than 100 foreign governments: "Emperors, Presidents, P r i m e Ministers, and Kings, have sent t h e most warm messages t h a t we have ever received. They represent over 2 b i l l i o n people on t h i s e a r t h , a l l of them who had t h e opportunity, through t e l e v i s i o n , t o see what you have done." Week of mission had been, "the greatest week i n the h i s t o r y of the world since t h e Creation, because a s a r e s u l t of what happened i n t h i s week, t h e world i s bigger, i n f i n i t e l y , and also, a s I am going t o f i n d on t h i s t r i p around t h e world..,as a r e s u l t of what you have done, t h e PD',-8/lj/fig;"i032-3) world has never been closer together be'fore. I' (- .. . A t MSC news conference following Apollo ll splashdown, D r . George E. MueUer, NASA Associate Administrator f o r Manned Space F l i g h t , said : " .we now stand a t what i s undoubtedly t h e greatest decision point i n t h e h i s t o r y of t h i s planet. " Apollo 11 had proved ''that man i s no longer bound t o t h e lFmits of the planet on which f o r so long he has lived. We w i l l return t o t h e .. moon f i r s t i n November and then at regular i n t e r v a l s i n t h e coming year. But t h e s e t r i p s a r e only the f i r s t step. Will we press forward t o explore other p l a n e t s o r w i l l we deny t h e opportunity t o the future? To me, t h e choice i s clear. We must t a k e the next s t e p This i s t h e time f o r decision.... The knowledge possessed by men i s s u f f i c i e n t , t h e r e sources a r e adequate f o r the t a s k of carrying out t h i s next step, "In t h i s moment of mant s g r e a t e s t achievemerrt, it i s timely f o r us t o dedicate ourselves t o the unfinished work so nobly begotten by t h r e e of us. To resolve t h a t t h i s nation, under God, w i l l join with' all men in t h e pursuit of the destiny of mankind w i l l lead t o t h e m y t o the planets." I n answer t o questions, Dr. MueUer said next major step should be manned landing on Mars which would be possible "sometime after 1980. " L/G Samuel C. P h i l l i p s (W) , Apollo Program Directol; t o l d press Apollo team was "strongest team t h a t ' s ever been assembled in t h e h i s t o r y of man. It has t h e strength of technical and engineering confidence, s c i e n t i f i c competence, and management competence t h a t ' s unexcelled, It has t h e dedication t h a t ' s necessary t o be able t o t a c k l e a n almost impossible job and bring it through" and an exciting f u t u r e i n lunar exploration. Second manned lunar l a n d i n g mission, Apollo 12, would be launched f r o m KSC Nov. 14 toward touchdown on S i t e 7 i n moon' s Ocean of Storms. Primary objective would be t o deploy Apollo l u n m surface experiment survey,mare area, and r e t u r n samples t o if W s o f t l a n d e d o n target, would be t o ... .... ... �July 24 (continued) examine Surveyor 111 spacecraft (launched April 17, 1967), which was r e s t i n g on moon n e w planned ApoJlo 1 2 touchdown point. Astronauts would have t w o periods for extravehicular a c t i v i t i e s (EVA), during which they would explore surface and conduct experiments f o r over t h r e e hours and walk f a r t h e r away from spacecraft than had ApoUo 11 crew. Maximum lunar s t a y time would be 28-32 hrs. Schedule c a l l e d f o r planning t o fly follow-on missions through Apollo 15 a t four-month i n t e r v a l s and missions a f t e r t h a t at five-month i n t e r v a l s . ( ~ r a n s c r i) ~ t USAF launched unidentified s a t e l l i t e from Vandenberg AFB by Thorad-Agena booster. O r b i t a l parameters : apogee, 136.1 m i (219 b); perigee, l10.6 m i (178 km); period, 88.4 m i n ; and inclination, 74.9 Satellite reentered Aug 23. (GSFC E,7/31/69; 8/31/69; InteraviaAirLetter 7 / 2 5 / 6 9 , 5) . . , I n nationwide reaction t o safe return of Apollo J l astronauts, New York Stock Exchange went wild though stocks continued t o fall. Numbers on annunciator boards flapped in unison as message "New York Stock Exchange shares the world's joy at t h e safe r e t u r n of Apollo F r o m t h e moon--Astronauts Amstrong, Aldrin, and Collins--So proudly we hail you" appeared on t a p e and illuminated on screen. Along F i f t h Avenue church b e l l s rang. Hayden Planetarium suspended usual program t o throw "splashdown party" with champagne and l i v e color t e l e c a s t of Apollo ll recoveqr operations flashed on blackened dome. San Franciscans exploded firecrackers and threw ticker tape from windows, and 10-story-high figure "1l"was fashioned i n l i g h t e d windows a t MIT i n Boston. Des Moines, Iowa, rang Liberty B e l l reproduction f o r first t h e since i t s 1950 i n s t a l l a t i o n on S t a t e House .grounds. I n Astronaut Neil A . Armstrong's home town, Wapakoneta, Ohio, highschool band marched playing moon songs. Montclair, N.J., t h e a t e r marquee read, "Congratulations Buzz Aldrin--Montclairts MEQ on the Moon. " I n Hunstville, Ala. , MSFC Director, D r . Wernher von Braun, was hoisted on shoulders of four l o c a l councilmen while thousands a t MSFC s i t e cheered and waved banners saying "Huntsville i s Rocket City. " United Press International. s a i d city of Houston planned "Texas s i z e " celebration f o r Apollo ll astronauts Aug. 16, including tickertape parade and huge program in c i t y ' s Astrodome coliseum. (Sloan, Weinraub, Hicks, Borders, UPI, 7/25/69, 67, 29, 69, 31, 30; B 2,7 / 2 5 / 6 9 , 45) m, �July 24: Trans World A i r l i n e s f l l e d first application with C i v i l Aeronautics Board f o r routes between e a r t h and moon. Airline said it bad received 1,200 reservations during f i n a l four days of Apollo ll mission. (TWA Release) Safe landing of ApolLo' 11 i n P a c i f i c made "splash applauded around t h e world, " New York Times said.' I n U. S. S. R, TV viewers had l i v e coverage for first time during mission a s Moscox TV s t a t i o n hooked i n t o Eastern Europe's l a t e r v i s i o n network f o r l i v e transmission of astronauts being deposited on c a r r i e r Hornet. Later s t a t ion devoted f i r s t two-thirds of f i n a l newscast t o Apollo U and announced t h a t Soviet President Nikolay V. Podgorny had sent telegram t o President Nixon o f f e r i n g "our congratulations and best wishes t o t h e brave space p i l o t s . " Soviet Academy of Sciences president Mstislav V. Keldysh c a l l e d voyage . "a b i g contribution t o space exploration and M h e r progress of world science. " Cosmonauts sent message t o Apo11o 11 crew: "We, closely followed your f l i g h t . We wholeheartedly congratulate you on t h e complet i o n of your wonderful journey t o t h e moon and safe return t o e a r t h . " I n London Lloyds of London's Lutine B e l l t o l l e d twice f o r good news of splashdown of A l l o U. S i r Bernard Love=, J o d r e U Bank Experimental S t a t i o n Director, P said,o The successful conclusion of t h i s immense project marks t h e beginning of a new phase when man must concern himself with t h e g r e a t e s t issues of peaceful coexistence i n e x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l space. " , Thunderstorm i n Paris drove many people o f f s t r e e t s at time of splashdown. On R i d e r a , b e l l s t o l l e d f o r f i v e minutes and ancient c a n o n bomed. Mayor Pascal Rossini of Ajaccio, Corsica, sent i n v i t a t i o n t o astronauts t o v i s i t Corsica during 1969 bicentennial of Napoleon's birth. In Warsaw crowd of 300 Poles broke i n t o applause a t U . S . Embassy. Over P a c i f i c on Qantas a i r l i n e r flying under Apollo reerrtry point, crew and 80 passengers saw space capsule reenter. In Canberra Prime Minister John Gorton i n v i t e d astronauts t o v i s i t Australia. Pope Paul V I sent telegram t o President Nixon with prayer "that t h i s immense achievement may f o s t e r peace and prosperity and s c i e n t i f i c and moral progress f o r a l l mankind." Other congratulatory messages were sent by President Giuseppe Saragat of Italy, President Agha Mohammand Yabya Khan of Pakistan, Prime Minister Eisaku Sato of Japan, President .Chung Hee Park of South Korea, U.N. Secretary General U Thant , President Gustav Heinemann of West Germany, and Prime Minister John Gorton of Australia. Collier, NYT, 7/25/69, 31; Mills, B Sun, 7/25/69, A6; AP, B Sun, .. - �July 24: More !t'V coverage of Apollo ll mission had been transmitted overseas via s a t e l l i t e s t o worldwide audience than of any previous event, CamSatCorp announced. More than 230 hrs of s a t e l l i t e time f o r 200 programs were transmitted durhg-nine-day mission. Previous record was 225 hrs, s e t by Mexico Summer Olympic Games during 18-d~y period i n October 1968. Broadcasters estimated t h a t TOO million persons were able t o watch TV broadcasts in more than 40 countries on 5 Release 69-46) - . During stop a t , Hickam AFB, enroute t o MSC flrom A 0110I J splashdown, Apollo 8 Astronaut Frank Barman said it wauld be helpful and hopef d " f o r U.S. and U.S.S.R. t o cooperate in space missions. He saw "indications" during M s tour of U. S . S . B . that Russians would be i n t e r e s t e d , but " t a l k i s cheap" and U.S.S.R. "is still supplying 85 per cent of t h e munitions t o North ~ i e t n a m . " He said U . S . had gone "95 per cent of the way" towards promoting cooperation. It was up t o U.S.S.R. t o do t h e r e s t . (UPI, NYT_, 7/26/69, 1 2 ) - . USAF promoted Apollo U Astronaut Michael Collins t o full colonel. In congratulatory message Gen. John P. McColmeU, A i r Force Chief of S t a f f , said A o l l o U mission was "indeed a momentous achievement" and pmmot i o n was token of appreciation for t h e p a r t you played." (UPI,E, 7/25/69, 28) . NASA Office of Space Science and Applications announced establishment of Earth Resources Research Data Facility a t MSG c o n t a m n g documentation from NASA and user agency investigators i n E a r t h Resources Survey Program over past three years. Information was available f o r examinat i o n in f a c u t y by a U W e r e s t e d persons. (NASA Ann) . . Rep. Louis Frey, Jr. (R-Fla. ) , introduced House J o i n t Resolution "providing for t h e establishment of.the Astronauts Memorial Commission t o cons t r u c t and e r e c t with k d s a memorial i n t h e John F. Kennedy Space Center...to honor and commemorate the men who serve a s astronauts 3.n the U.S. Space Program." Measure, co-sponsored by House Committee on Science and Astronautics, was referred t o Committee on House Administrat i o n . (g,7/24/69, H6293; NMA LAR VIII/U~) - July 25: NASA launch f r o m E T R of Intelsat-I11 F-5 f a i l e d t o reached planned synckronous o r b i t when 3rd stage of Delta booster malf'undioned. S a t e l l i t e entered low e a r t h o r b i t with 3,354.8-mi (5,399-lan) apogee, 167.2-mi (269-km) perigee, 146.7-min period, and 30.3' i n c l i n a t i o n instead of e l l i p t i c a l orbit wtth 23,000-mi (37,007-km)apogee and �July 25 (continued) 175-mi (281.6-km) perigee. Mission, o r i g i n a l l y scheduled f o r launch i n October 1969, had been rescheduled f o r J3y 17 t o replace I n t e l s a t - I 1 1 =which had stopped operating over Atlantic June 29. Launch had been delayed f o r various technical reasons. ( W A Release 69-119; SBD, 7/29/69, 6 5 ; GsFC SSR; 7/31/69) . Apollo I 2 recovery physician, D r . W i l l i a m R. Carpentier, reported from inside Mobjle Quarantine F a c i l i t y onboard U.S.S. Hornet t h a t astronauts had c a p l e t e d preliminary medical examination and were "fine." Astronaut Neil A, Armstrong's s l i g h t ear infection had disappeared and: all t h r e e astronauts were i n excellent condition. (wooten, E,7/26/69, 1) . Two . boxes of lunar samples *om ApoUo ll arrived a t Lunar Receiving Laboratory i n Houston, where they would be examined and used i n 7/26/69, 1) experiments. ( ~ i l f o r d ,NJC, . DU.S.S. r . Thomas 0. Paine, NASA Administrator, t o l d news conference aboard Hornet he expected U.S.S.R. t o l a n d men on moon w i t h i n 18 mos. "My guess i s i t ' l l be much sooner than most people think." He thought U. S ,S. R. had l o s t race '%by keeping t h e i r program so secret " U.S. had encouraged suggestions from s c i e n t i s t s throughout nonC o m i s t world, whue d e t a i l s of Soviet program were known only t o " m d l e l i t e . " Apollo U success would eventuaUy l e a d t o closer cooperation with U. S . S .R. i n space exploration. "I don't look f o r any early change i n t h e a t t i t u d e . . . b u t a steady i n t e r e s t on t h e i r part. 1 don't see j o i n t e f f o r t s but cooperation from t h e t o time. " ( ~ 1E , ,7 / 2 5 / 6 9 , 30) . . President Nixon arrived a t Guam International Airport a r t e r f l i g h t from c a r r i e r Hornet, He said, "As I stand here and t h M of what happened today, t h e completion of that h i s t o r i c f l i g h t t o t h e moon and t h e landing on t h e moon, I can say that I am sure all of us--all of the American citizens around the world--are proud' today of what has (g, 8/4/69, 1033) happened . . . . I ' . Senate unanimously adopted S .B. 224, introduced by Sen. Michael J. Mansfield ( D - ~ o n t). f o r himself =d Sen. Everett M. Dirksen (R-Ill. ), expressing g r a t i t u d e on behalf of Senate and of dl American people f o r "dedication, devotion, courage and e f f o r t of all associated with t h e A p l l o program and with t h e Apollo JI mission." ( C R , 7/25/69, sa575 . In telephone interview, evangelist and p r e s i d e n t i a l r e l i g i o u s adviser B i l l y Graham took i s s u e with July 24 statement of President Nixon i n welcoming Apollo 11 astronauts back t o earth. Grahaa t o l d UPI, "...as �July 25 (continued) a Christian, I would contend t h a t t h e r e h&e been three much much greater days" t h a n those of lunar l a n d h g and moon walk. They were fir s t Christmas, day on which Christ died, and f i r s t Easter. While he d i d not wish t o d e t r a c t from "magnificent achievement, I' he f e l t "President was speaking extemporaneously. And I ' v e found from years of speaking extemporaneously t h a t i n t h e excitement and emotion of a moment, you don't think through every statement you make. " Associated Press l a t e r quoted Graham as saying, "I know t h a t President Nixon agrees t h a t t h e g r e a t e s t single event in h i s t o r y was t h e coming of Christ "; he was sure President Nixon meant moon walk was probably man ' s g r e a t e s t accomplishment. (W Post, 7/26/69, A.10) , Plans f o r proposed $1-million Neil A. Amstrong Aerospace Museum at ApoUo l l astronaut's birthplace, Wapakoneta, Ohio, c a l l e d f o r completion in 1 9 0 , Ohio Historical Society Director Daniel R. Porter said. (UPI, w Post, 7/26/69, ~ 7 ) National and international press commented on successful completion of A ~ o l l o11 mission : Washinaon Post: "It has been eight days of triumph f o r America, eight days of triumph f o r mankind. Much more w i l l undoubtedly follow as-the s e c r e t s of space bow t o the advances of science. But it i s enough now--more than enough f o r an e n t i r e l i f e t i m e when you think about i t - - t o have seen t h e f i r s t men walk on t h e moon and then, l e s s tkan four days l a t e r , t o welcome them back home safely. " (W Post, 7/25/69) New York Times: "For t h e f i r s t time i n h i s t o r y , men have gone f'rom t h i s e a r t h to another c e l e s t i a l body, landed t h e r e and returned home, even bringing back with them e x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l matter. Not since t h e hman race evolved has t h e r e been a comparable event, nor one so capable of lifting all mankind's horizons, dreams and aspirat i o n s , What was fantasy t o preceding generations i s now accomplished f a c t . The achievement w i l l . be remembered so long as c i v i l i z a t i o n survives 'I O f President Nixon' s round the world tour, ~ i m e ssaid: "The spectacular success of Apollo ll has v a s t l y increased good f e e l i n g towmd t h e United States tkroughout t h e world. The President obviously wants t o c a p i t a l i z e on it both f o r foreign and domestic p o l i t i c a l purposes." 7/25/69, 46) Cleveland, Ohio, P l a i n Dealer: Apollo ll mission "closes out one aspect of t h e exploration program but opens wide t h e door of what can be an almost endless journey Although t h e Apollo program i s not complete, t h e l u r e of Mars, 5 U i o n m i l e s away, grows i n bold a n t i c i the race has only j u s t begun.'' levelan and pation of t h e future. P l a i n Dealer, 7/ 25/69) 4. . (m, .... ... �July 25 (continued) Newport News, V a . , TFmes Herald: " A l l o f t h e money poured i n t o t h e space program would appear j u s t i f i e d i f one of the side products was t h e kind of cooperation [with U. S. S. R. ] now possible. " ( ~ e w p o r tNews Times Herald, 7 / 2 5 / 6 9 ) E l R a i E l Amm, Khartoum, Sudan: "America achieved a v i c t o r y f o r t h e human mind by sending the f i r s t man from the earth t o t h e moon.... 8ut America, t h e g r e a t power t h a t achieved t h i s astonishing big success, must stop doing things t h a t are far below these standards." ( ~ r nh b a s s y , martown) Somali News, Mogadiscio, Somali: "It i s t r u e t h a t t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r t h e Apollo-Eleven i s e n t i r e l y American, but t h e message lef't behind on t h e moon f o r p o s t e r i t y by t h e astronauts. acknowledges t h e universal aspect of such a f e a t . We think...of those courageous astronauts not... as Americans but a s worthy reprelsentatives o f the human race on whose t o t a l achievement they r e l i e d i n carrying out t h e i r mighty and splendid mission. " (Am Bnbassy, ~ o ~ a d i s c o ) .. , Motion picture footage of Apollo ll lunar landing mission would be released f o r s a l e t o commercial producers a f t e r quarantine period, NASA announced. Two 600-f't, r o l l s would be made available i n i t i a l l y : one would include prelaunch, launch, and recovery operations; other would include a l l (NASA Release 69-83) usable onboard footage . July 26: Apollo ll astronauts, enclosed i n mobile quarantine f a c i l i t y m, a r r i v e d a t Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, where they were greeted by 12,030 cheering people andMayor of Hor:olulu Frank F. Fasi. MQJ? was then transported t o a i r c r a f i which could carry it t o Lunar Receiving Laboratory i n Houston. A t LRL, s c i e n t i s t s opened first of two boxes of lunar sarnples and made preliminary examinations of samples i n one NYT, 7/27/69, 47, 1 ) box. (wooten, Wilford, - A t lunar landing celebration dinner i n Huntsville, A l a . , MSFC Director, D r . Wernher von Braun, said: "We worked together and together we accomplished our p a r t of t h e mission. The moon i s now accessible. And someday, because of t h e beginning t h a t we have made here, t h e planets and t h e s t z r s may belong t o mankind. T h i s reach toward t h e heavens, toward t h e s t a r s , can eventually loose t h e human race f r o m t h e c o n f h e s of t h i s earth and maybe even t h i s solar system and give it immortality i n t h e immense and never-ending reaches of space." For f i r s t time, " l i f e has l e f t i t s planetary cradle and t h e ultimate destiny of mankind i s no longer confbed. When the Mayflower landed on American shores t h e pilgrims did not envision t h e nation t h a t �July 26 (continued) would eventually evolve. either' can w e t r u l y say what w i l l eventually spring from t h e footprirvt s around Tranquility Base. " (T& ) A t s t a t e dinner i n Man,ila, Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos exchanged t o a s t s with President Nixon and commented on ApoUo ll: . " .we p a r t i c i p a t e i n t h e celebration of t h i s achievement as m a n a s p i r e s f o r t h e s t a r s , the stars outside of t h i s world and t h e s t a r s within himself and within h i s spirit. It i s t h e hope of humanity, as it i s t h e hope of t h e R i l i p p i n e s , t h a t t h i s vision and this genius, t h i s courage and t h i s ingenuity s h a l l be u t i l i z e d f o r t h e solution of man's problems." (PD, - 8/4/69, 1036-7) .. ' New York Times interview quoted JPL Director, D r . William H. Pickering: "Now t h a t ApoUo has been accomplished, r a t h e r than s e t another ambit i o u s goal we should have a period of consolidation," during which "the balance should be increased toward unmanned e f f o r t . " There was talk of exploring universe, "but the solar system i s only a small p a r t and it ' s going t o be a long time before we venture out. We a r e making a v e r y l o c a l exploration." He believed s o l a r system exploration would pay off in understanding of history and evolution of solar system and, possibly, discovery of l i f e on another planet and i n s o c i a l benefits. ''The trouble with t h e s o c i a l world is t h a t we cannot agree on goals. We t a l k of weat her control. but control f o r whom? The farmer o r t h e sportsman or t h e businessman?" ( ~ e i n h o l d , NyT, 7 / r 1 / 6 9 , 47) .. Creation of U.lQ. Space I n s t i t u t e was urged by Columbia Univ. law professor Richard N. Gardner in New York Times. It would be "center f o r the cooperat i v e planning of space exploration i n which all U.N. members would be " U. S. and U. S. S. R. could divide r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s invited t o take f o r instrumented landings on d i f f e r e n t planets. There should be "United Nations Space S t a t ion" i n outer space manned by astronauts from aU U, N , nations and t r a i n e d a t U.N. Space I n s t i t u t e . It would gather informat i o n about s o l a r system and universe and be used f o r p r a c t i c a l earth 7/26/69, 24) applications. (x, J u l y 2( : Lamont Geological Observatory s c i e n t i s t D r . Gary Latham said i n Houston h i s team bad detected 1 4 "unusual seismic events" from seismometers left on moon by Apollo 11 astronauts. They believed walls of lunar c r a t e r s had been falling i n a s d i f f e r e n t p a r t s became h o t t e r than others during highest lunar temperatures and f e l t they might be observing "initial stages of t h e process by which f r e s h new c r a t e r s are transformed t o old." (W Post, 7/28/69, AS) �President Nixon toured Jakarta F a i r during Indonesian v i s i t . He o f f e r e d t o send Indonesian President Suharto and o t h e r world c h i e f s of s t a t e "a piece of t h e moon as a souvenb." I n evening a t s t a t e dinner i n Jakarta,President Suharto said: "I underline M r . h s t r o n g t s moment o u s enunciation, when he, as t h e f i r s t human being, put h i s f e e t on t h e moon, declaring: 'These a r e small human s t e p s which form a g r e a t leap t o mankind.' This l e a p has occurred i n the outer space, a very expansive space f u l l of mysteries, but it has not taken place in t h i s world o f ours, It i s t h e which seems t o be contracting and i s r e l a t i v e l y simpler.. t a s k of a l l nations i n t h i s world t o r e a l i z e peace and unity. " (E, 7/28/69, 18, PD, 8/4/69, 1043-6) July T ( : .. . Apollo U. f l i g h t was public r e l a t i o n s man's and r e p o r t e r ' s dream, James Clayton said in Washington Post. HAW had kept "very l i t t l e , if anything" from hundreds of U. S. and foreign press. More t h a n 3,500 s e t s of press c r e d e n t i a l s had been issued at MSC and Cape ~ e n n e d ~ Most . went t o Americans, but 55 foreign countries were represented, including Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Romania. There were I I l newsmen representing Japan among 800 foreign newsmen, s e v e r a l of whom had been waiting i n Houston since Apollo 1 0 f l i g h t May 18-26. Voice of America joined in t r a n s m i t t i n g news abroad. A t peak, Apollo ll s t o r y w a s going out i n 22 languages t o every world a r e a except some Communist countries. "!hen t h o s e had t h e r a d i o beams d i r e c t e d at them." (W Post, 7/27/69, B6) . Psychological, t e c h n i c a l , and p o l i t i c a l f a c t o r s had combined t o enable U.S. t o win lunar landing race over U.S.S.R., s a i d Harry Schwartz in New York Times. Moscow had shown overconfidence i n underrating American c a p a b i l i t i e s , ignored l u n a r rendezvous technique adopted by U. S. , and purged ~ i k i t aS. Xhrmshchev, who had been " e n q o r e d of space exploit s and t h e propaganda t h e y gave him. " New Soviet l e a d e r s had change& p r i o r i t i e s t o concentrate on domestic problems. Since U. S. lunar l a d i n g , however, "two very d i f f e r e n t r e a c t ions are v i s i b l e i n t h e Soviet Union." S c i e n t i s t s , engineers, and many ordinary people were avercome with admiration. ideologists and Soviet propaganda managers were deeply unhappy, "and their r e g r e t t h a t it was not Soviet cosmonauts who went t o t h e moon i s s c a r c e l y 7/27/69) hidden. " (E, . Washington Sunday S t a r e d i t o r i a l said: "Apollo ll has c a s t a harsh l i g h t on l i f e on e a r t h , showing man's f a i l u r e s in sharp c o n t r a s t t o h i s breathtaking t e c h n i c a l achievements It i s a v i s i o n that should.,.be exploited as an incentive t o g e t t h e v i t a l l y needed jobs done on e a r t h . " kt, t h e U.S. could not withdraw from space. . �July 27 (continued) Tbe complete Apollo progrm...should be funded. Beyond t h a t , serious consideration should be given t o t h e establishment of p e m e n t manned s t a t i o n s on t h e moon so t h a t we may truly explore and perhaps exploit t h e new world t h a t we have already conquered. The manned orbiting s t a t i o n t h a t NASA h a s proposed should be provided t o t e s t t h e a b i l i t y of men t o l i v e and work for long period in weightlessness. And f a r more emphasis should be placed,..on unmanned probes of t h e planets." Minimum requirement should be enough momentum i n program t o prevent it from falling agart through disuse. Every effort should be made " t o e n l i s t the cooperation, t h e technical help, and t h e f i n a n c i a l support of any nation t h a t i s willing t o contribute t o t h e adventure that must, fi&Ay, be seen as t h e collective achievement of a l l mankhd. " (W S t a r , 7/27/69, El) , In Washington Sunday S t a r William Hines said: "Considering how very l i t t l e he had t o do with the whole enterprise, it i s remarkable how much p o l i t i c a l mileage Psesident Nixon got out of t h e f l i g h t of ApolZo ll. The plaque, the phone c a l l and t h e t r i p t o greet t h e returning heroes all were benefits Nixon inherited r a t h e r than earned. " O f f i c i a l NASA space age h i s t o r y This New Ocean, published there by GPO i n 1956, mentioned Nixon only once i n 648 pages hardly a s an aggressive champion of manned space f l i g h t . " Book said Nhon, as Vice President and a s p r e s i d e n t i a l candidate running against John F. Kennedy, had defended Eisenhower Administration's a t t i t u d e toward space which ruled out manned flights t o moon i n foreseeable future. "The new President ' s belated enthusiasm blurs memories of t h e alden days," Hines said. "Sut 'This New Ocean' remains, proving perhaps t h a t all goverment-sponsored' h i s t o r y books should be armed t o s e l f - d i s t r u c t whenever a change of & h i s t r a t i o n occurs. " (W S t a r , 7/27/69, ~ 4 ) J u l y 28: JPL engineers sent signals t o Mariner V I t o turn on TV camera and s c i e n t i f i c experiments t h a t would measure Mars surface and a i r temperatures Spacecraft (launched Feb 24 ) began tracking Mars and would begin taking first of 33 far-encounter pictures 7 1 , 5 0 0 mi from Mars e a r l y July 29. W - d i s c photos would be received a t JPL July 29. (AP, B S , 7 / ~ / 6 9 AS) , . . Geologists . a t Lunar Receiving Laboratory held press conference on Apollo 11_sa.nples and expressed suprise a t discovery of tiny glassl i k e c r y s t a l s i n lunar dust. Analyses had revealed samples were c r y s t a l l i n e , igneous, fragmented, s c o r i a t ious , and vesicular. They �July 28 (continued) confirmed theory based on Surveyor V data t h a t l u ~ a rm a t e r i a l contained t i t a n i m and indiceked presence of number of m i ~ e r a l s . Columbia Univ. s c i e n t i s t D r . Paul G a s t said, "The most e x c i t i n g discovery t o &ate has been t h a t of t h e glass. There i s something going on on the moon far d i f f e r e n t t h a n on the earth. " He s a i d s c i e n t i s t s speculated impact of meteoroids on moon had vaporized lunar material and caused it t o rain back on surface i n s m a l l drops which formed t i n y yellow, brown, and c l e a r pieces of g l a s s few t e n t h s of millimeter i n diameter. (~yons, NYT, 7/29/69, 1; S e h l s t e d t , B Sun, 7/29/69, A l ) - - . U.S. a m l i e d t o Astronautic Cornnittee of I n t e r n a t i o n a l Aeronautical ~ e d e & i i o n f o r s i x wcrld records based on Ar!oll.o 11 achievements : duration of s t a y on l u n a r surface cutside spacecrafb, Astronaut ,. .N e i l A. Armstrow, 2 hrs 2l min 1 5 secs; d G a t i o n ''in l&ar ' o r b i t , 59 hrs 27 mi* 55 secs; duration of s t a y Astronaut ~ i c h a e iCollins, ' on lunar surface, Astronauts Amstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. 21 hrs 36 min 16 secs; duration of s t a y on lunar surface i n s i d e spacecraft, Aldrin, 19 h r s 45 min 52 secs; g r e a t e s t mass landed on moon, Armstrong and Aldrin,7,211 kg (15,897 l b s ) ; g r e a t e s t mass l i f ' t e d i n t o lunar o r b i t f k o m lunar surface, Armstrong and Ndrin, 2,648 kg (5,837 ~ b s ) . Records would not be acknowledged o f f i c i a l l y u n t i l NASA presented confirming data and Federation o f f i c i a l s approved. (N~T, 7/29/69, 16) - , .At s t a t e banquet i n Bangkok, Thai King Bhumibol AduLyade j t o a s t e d President Nixon : "Lsst week ' s breathtaking achievement of Apollo 11 and i t s brave American crew cannot be measured s o l e l y i n s c i e n t i f i c terms, f o r it a l s o i n d i c a t e s man's a b i l i t y t o look beyond h i s ,earthbound problems and t o set h i s s i g h t s on new horizons i n quest of wider knowledge and deeper understanding of himself and h i s environment. " .(PD, 8/4/69, 1049-50) - -. Gloom and embarrassment over Apollo 11 success and crash of Luna XV on moon had caused c o n t r ~ v e r s yamong Soviet leaders, including; Communist Party Secretary Leonid I. - ~ r e z h n e vand President Nikolay V. Podgorny, a t July 21-23 meeting of Eastern European l e a d e r s i n Warsaw, Mew York Times said. Reports of e n t h u s i a s t i c public response t o Apollo f e a t across Eastern Europe had been i n t e r p r e t e d a s sign of lingering and l a t e n t sympathy f o r U.S. It was strongest i n technologically advanced East Germany and Czechoslovakia, but had been noted a s w e l l i n Poland, Hungary, and Romania. (~of'mmn,-NYT > 6/28/69, 7 ) �July 28: U.K. I s Royal Geogrt~phicelSociety awarded special gold medal-its f i r s t f o r space exploration--to Astromut N e i l A. Amstrong f o r leading Apollo I l mission. Other gold medalists included Capt. Roald Amundsen, f i r s t t o reach South Pole; A h . Robert E. Peary, f i r s t t o reach North Pole; Sir Edmund Hillmy, conqueror of M t . Everest; and S i r John Hunt, leader of Everest expedition.. (AP, W Star, 7/28/69, A5 . Senate Committee on W i n g and Currency favorably reported, w i t h amendments, S. J . R . 140, providing f o r s t r i k i n g of medals honoring U. S. a s t r o nauts who had flown in outer space. ( C R , 7/28/69, ~ 6 8 1 ) - . MSFC announced resignai;ion of M/G Ednund F. 0'Connor (USAF) , Director of I n d u s t r i a l Operations, effective J-dly 31. Gcn. OrConnor, on loan t o . NASA from USAF f o r past f i v e years, would become Vice Commander of Air Force Aeronautical Systems Div. H e would be succeeded by Lee B. James, Saturn V Manager, IULSFC. (MSFC Release 69-166) . USAF released A i r Force Review of t h e C-5A Program. Total cost of 120 Lockheed C-5A a i r c r a f t had increased from $3.369 b i l l i o n a t 1965 contract award t o current t o t a l $5.125 billion, overrun r Secretary of $1.756 b j l l i o n . A t DOD press conference ~ i Force Robert C. Seamans, Jr., c r i t i c i z e d " m b i g u i t i e s and deficiencies" i n o r i g b a l contract and Mated remaining 39 a i r c r a f t i n 120-plane package might not be purchased unless revisions were made in cont r a c t . ( ~ e x;t P h U i p s , W Post, 7/29/69, A 3 ) ' . II Mattino d e l Lunedi, Asmara, Ethiopia: "...today we not only admire, but exult. Because this 'a3most superhuman' exploit has been accomplished by a society wuch i s f r e e &d p l u r a l i s t i c , by a society which has no close and oppressive t r a d i t i o n s , by a society which has founded i t s p o l i t i c a l and constitutional s t r u c t u r e not on a t o t a l i t a r i a n ideology but on t h e democratic p u o s o p h y of t h e Declaration of Independence. It has been accomplished by a nation, t h e American nation, whose c h a r a c t e r i s t i c . , . i s t h e fusion of t h e spirit of precision and discipline with t h e s p i r i t of freedom.... T h i s i s t h e reason why w e today exult. Because we know t h a t the conquest of ApoUo-ll i s i n m Asmara) the service of man and not t o opress him. " ( ~ Consul, ... . Norrlandska Social-Demokraten, Boden, Sweden, e d i t o r i a l commented t h a t Russian press was surprisingly generous w i t h p r a i s e of men behind Apollo 11 and American space research i n general d u r i n g mission, but now press seemed t o fear landing migbt have increased respect f o r U.S. around t h e world. "It i s surely disturbing f o r Pravda and t h e �J u l y 28 (continued) Russian Party leaders t h a t t h e American conquest of t h e moon...witnessed by t h e greater part of the Communist world, crushed t h e ~ @ ho f t h e Communist systemts superiority." (Am Embassy, ~tockholm) . Within 76 h r s af%er ~ ~ o l 1 l1osplashdown, Bantam Books and New York Times published We Reach the Moon, 416-page paperback account of U. S. space program from 1961 through Apollo 1 1 ' s success. Early publication was yrs of planning. Book went t o press immediately effected by nearly after July 24 splashdown while aerospace reporter John Noble Wilford was completing text. Flnal copy was telexed t o Chicago p r i n t e r July 25, F i r s t printing co~rrprised375,000 copies. Hard c w e r e d i t i o n would be published by W. W. Norton & Co. i n September. (% 7/29/69, 16) F i r s t pictures of-Mars taken by NIISAts Mariner V1,launched July 29: Feb. 24 t o fly by Mars equator, were received a t JTL. Full-disc photos, taken- between 7'71,500 &d 450,000 m i from Mars, were flashed on screen every f i v e minutes. ,Although pictures were not as c l e a r as expected, they showed Mars a s dull, gray, egg-shaped body with crack in surface and bright spot--southern polar cap--with ragged edge. Better pictures were expected as spacecraft traveled closer t o Mrs. (AP, B Sun, 7 / 3 0 / 6 9 , Al; Laman, W Star, 7/30/69, ~ 3 ) , JPL radar readings which showed 8.3-mi a l t i t u d e variation i n Marst north equatorial zone and included corrected figures f o r Mars' ephemeris, o r o r b i t a l path, were expected t o ensure accuracy of W cameras aboard Mariners V1 and V I I , NASA said. Experimenters hoped t o obtain photos identifying objects 900 ft across a t close approach and p i c t u r e s were expected t o be 500 t h e s b e t t e r t h a n those taken t o date by earth-based telescope cameras. Readings were obtained a t NASA's Goldstone Trackbg Station i n California by team directed by D r . Richard Goldstein during p l a n e t ' s closest approach t o eazth ( ~ a r shad been within 45 million m i of e a r t h June 9). They would be of great i n t e r e s t t o astronomers because they showed t h a t areas which appeared l i g h t t o telescopes might be e i t h e r high o r low i n elevation. Optically dark areas appeared (NASA Release 69-131; t o be of medium elevation t o radar-scanners. JPL Release 530) �NASA released f i r s t photos taken by ApoUo ll astronauts on and near l u n a r surface, including four color s t i l l s and 16-mm film of UI descent. Film opened a s U4 swung low and curved s l i g h t l y over area pocked with c r a t e r s and rocks and showed dust being scattered by exhaust as LM touched down safely. It t h e n showed Astronaut Neil A . Amstrong as he descended ladder t o surface, took f i r s t s t e p on moon, and deployed initial equipment. Still photos showed closeup of brownish surface sprinkled with f o o t p r i n t s , s i l h o u e t t e s of LM and U.S. flag, Armstrong i n s i d e LM, and e a r t h with Europe, Africa, and Asia v i s i b l e . ( w i t k i n , NYT, - 7/30/69, 1; Cohn, W Post, 7/30/69, A l , A 3 ) J u l y 29; . LRL s c i e n t i s t s continued examining lunar samples and preparing them f o r experiments on l i v i n g organisms. Experiments, scheduled t o begin . J u l y 29, would be delayed one day t o r e p a i r cracked glove which permitted s c i e n t i s t s outside vacuum box t o handle o b j e c t s i n s i d e and t o allow more t h e f o r grinding samples t o uniform size. (AP, E,7130169, 19) .M A Wallops S t a t i o n announced award of 40-mo, $936,3ll contract t o Rice U n i v . t o i n v e s t i g a t e r e l a t i o n s h i p between field-aligned currents and a u r o r a l p a r t i c l e fluxes and document and summarize findings and conclusions. Rice would construct and t e s t suitable f l i g h t and ground instrumentation f o r three Nike-Tomahawk sounding rocket payloads; prepare and p r e f l i g h t - t e s t payloads; a n d acquire, record, reduce, analyze, a ~ publish d r e s u l t i n g magnetic and auroral pax-ticle data. (WS Release 69-14) . FCC, a t White House request, decided t o delay f o r 60 b y s decision on e stablishmant of dornestic comsat s y s t e m t o enable Nixon Administration t o study issues and make recomaendations. (A%, W Star, 7/29/69) . Rep. W i l l i a m G. Bray (R-1nd. ) introduced H. J. R. 844, providing for d i s t r i b u t i o n of lunar samples t o Governors of states. 50 (g, 7/29/69, . New York weathermen were being deluged with c a l l s blaming 10 days of r a i n and overcast weather in northeastern U. S. on Apollo U , Associated Press said,' WCES r a d i o news meteorologist Dr. Robert Harris had said, "WeJve had an abundance of c a l l s from & s o r t s of people who are a b s o l u t e l y c e r t a i n , through their Bible s t u d i e s , t h a t t h e Lord has taken t h e sun away from us. " (AP, B .Sun, - 7/30/69, ~ 6 ) �July 29: National Assn. of Government Employees president Kenneth T. Lyons t o l d House I n t e r s t a t e and Foreign Commerce Committee landing on moon would soon be s a f e r than landing a t most U. S. a i r p o r t s . "Do we have t o have NASA take over from t h e I?fi i n order' t o get a little sense i n t o our a i r p o r t and aircraft traf'fic management jumble?" ( ~ e n t l- e- ..y ,3 'Sun 7/29/69, A5) J u l y 30-31: NASA's Mariner V I , launched mission, approached Mars and completed about 111,400-mi a l t i t u d e , which showed W-shaped cloud, and seas, deserts, and Feb. 24 on M a s s equatorial. flyby 17 pictures of planet taken a t ragged edges of polar cap, c r a t e r s seen by Mariner IV i n 1965 - As spacecrafi neared and swung around Mars it took 24 close-up pictures *om aboizt 2,000 m i at closest point. Plctures were so sharply defined and d e t a i l e d t b s t they were shown l i v e oa TV instead of being refined and released l a t e r i n photographic prines as o r i g i nally planned. Pictures--enhanced by computers a t JPL-to ?l&r out s t a t i c , highlight images, adjust contrast and brightness, &kd e G g e r a t e features--were spectacular. They showed t h a t Mars was heavily cratered and looked very much l i k e moon. One photo showed 11-mi-dia c r a t e r closely resembling moon's Copernicus c r a t e r and diagonal d i t c h resembling lunar r i l l e . During closest approach onboard T\T cameras took 1 2 high-resolution and 1 2 medium-resolution pictures, stored some on board f o r l a t e r playback, and transmitted some immediately t o ground s t a t i o n s f o r conversion t o images a t JPL. Three of four onboard experiments--TV t o take pictures, W spectrometer t o i d e n t i f y and measure gases i n upper atmosphere, and inf'rared radiometer t o measure p l m e t ' s temperature- -functioned s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . Only anomaly . was f a i l u r e i n cooling of one channel on inf'rared spectrometer, designed t o i d e n t i f y gases jn lower Martian atmosphere, which prevented proper acquisition of data. JPL controllers temporarily l o s t contact-with Msriner V I I , enroute t o Mars, at,6:00 pm EDT July 30, Engj~eers.speculated t h a t spacecraft had been t b r o w n out of alignment when struck by tiny micrometeoroid traveling a t 40 mps and had locked on planet Jupiter or another bright object. Contact with Mariner VII was regained seven hours later by s w i t c h h g fkom one antenna t o another and proper a t t i t u d e was restored by r o l l i n g spacecraround u n t i l it locked on s t a r Canopus. Although some of data being transmitted appeared t o be abnormal, flyby mission was s t i l l expected t o succeed. Mariner V I would continue taking pictures and play back recorded near-encourrter d a t a during f i n a l phase of mission. Data would be compared with data f'rom Mariner VI3 (launched March 27 ), which would ' �July 30-31 (continued) fly past Mars polar region Aug 4. (NASA Release 69-26.A; Sullivan, NYT, 8/1/69, 1; Auerbach, W Post, 8/1/69, Al; Lannm, W S t a r , 7/31/69, . AT - July 30: On arrival i n Saigon, Republic of Vietnam, President Nixon said: "I am happy t h a t t h e moon landing, which i n i t s universality s i g n i f i e s a symbolic drawing together of all mankind, has provided an occasion f o r me t o meet with President Thieu i n t h e c a p i t a l of h i s country." Later, a f t e r discussions with President Nixon, President Nguyen Van Thieu said, "The Vietnamese people fully concur i n t h e message of peace which t h e t h r e e brave American astronauts deposited on t h e moon f o r a l l mankind." (g, 8/4/69, 1051-4) . During Apollo I l celebration, c r e d i t should be given t o former NASA Administrator James E. Webb, "whose organizational s k i l l , vision and drive played a major p a r t i n i t s success," MIT Provost, Dr. Jerome B. Wiesner, and MIT physicist Jer,rold Zacharias said i n l e t t e r t o New York Times. "There never w a s any question regarding the t e c h n i c a l f e a s i -. b i l i t y of a manned lunar landing. The r e d question was whether o r not w e could organize and manage so large and complex a program on t h e time schedule laid down by President Kennedy." Webb had organized, defended, and managed program, "and as t h e world celebrates t h i s great technical and human achievement we should a l s o honor t h e man who directed i t s accomplishment. " (E, 8/5/69, 32) . LRL s c i e n t i s t s began i n j e c t i n g pulvarized luaar samples i n t o s t e r i l e white mice i n attempt t o discover germs or chemicals hazardous t o hwnan beings. Mice, born by Caesarean section and raised i n s t e r i l e environment so t h a t they would be extremely sensittiye t o infection, would a l s o have samples mixed i n t h e i r food and sir. (UPI, W 9-S t a r 7/31/69, A5; Q, g, 7/30/69, . World Health Organization Director General, D r . M. G , Candau, and Dr. Karel Raska, Director of WHO'S Communicable Disease Div., said i n Houston t h a t Soviet s c i e n t i s t s had " i n i t i a t e d " plans f o r lunar receiving laboratory. Soviet delegates t o international conferences had discussed subject but no d e t a i l s were available. WHO o f f i c i a l s were i n Houston t o observe LRL at U.S. Government i n v i t a t i o n . (W P o s t , 7/31/69, A31 �., After two-hour inspection of TU-144 a t Moscow's Sherernetyeiro lnt ernational Airport, Pan American World Airways president Na jeeb E. Halaby s a i d S w i e t supersonic transport had l e f t group of U. S. aviation experts "very, very impressed." U,S,S.R. apparently had progressed f u r t h e r i n t e s t i n g than U. K. o r France with Concorde, and TU-144had reached 930 mph, breaking sound b a r r i e r several times. Concorde hoped t o reach mach 1 i n six months and U.S. SST was a t l e a s t f i v e years behLnd. Aeroflot planned t o pvk TU-14.4 i n service by 1973. Pan Am would review all information available before deciding whether t o order a i r c r a f t as hedge against competition. Halaby l i k e d TU-144' s design and advanced instrumentation and was impressed with amount of titanium used i n construction. Russians had t o l d him a i r c r d f t ' s noise l e v e l was low i n l a n d h g s and takeoffs. (NYT, 7/31/69, 58) July 30: Senate passed S . J . R . 140,providing f o r s t r i k i n g of medals honoring American astronauts who had flown i n outer space. (El, 7130169, ~8786) Subcornittee on Science, Research, md Developaent of IIouse Committee - on Science and ~ s t r o n a uics t p b l i s h e d science, Technology, and Public Policy During t h e Ninetieth Congress. Report covered 1955-1968, g i v i n g details behind 9k public laws passed which authorized, funded, o r otherwise affected R&D i n U. S. and 45 additional b i l l s on which Congress took l e g i s l a t i v e action. T t included major reviews of U.S. policy f o r science and technology by Organization f o r Economic Cbqperation and Development and by NSF f o r United Nations Educational, S c i e n t i f i c , and N t u r a l Organization. b t h reviews showed p l u r a l i s t i c nature of U,S. public policy f o r science, b u f i t up by laws, executive - policy as they*occure$. ( ~ e x t ) orders, and other expression$ .of , July 31: USA3 launched unidentified s a t e l l i t e from Vandenberg AF'B i n t o o r b i t with 333. l G m i ((536-lm)apogee, 238.9-mi (465 -1rm) perigee, 94.6-min period, and 75.0 inclination. (GSFCE,7/31/69; UPI, NYT, 8/1/69, 8) - . At s t a t e dinner i n New Delhi, India, Acting President Moharnmsd Hidaya t u l l a h exchanged t o a s t s with President Nixon a ~ congratulated d him: h he epic flight t o t h e moon agd back by three of yam- countrymen has arnazedthe world and marks a new stage in science andtechnology. On behalf of t h e Government and people of India, and myself, I cong r a t u l a t e you, and through you, the people of your country on t h i s h i s t o r i c occasion. We a r e g l a d . ,t o h o w t h a t you a r e sharing the knowledge you have gained with t h e rest of t h e world. It 8/4/69, 1056-9) .. 0, , �Sequence of f i v e color photos of Apollo U A s t r o n a u t s July 31: Neil A . Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin, Sr., performing extravehicular a c t i v i t i e s on lunar surface were released by NASA. Vivid sequence showed Aldrin descending ladder t o surface, walking near LM, posing near U. S. flag, deploying seismaneter, and walking, with Armstrong' s r e f l e c t ion v i s i b l e i n h i s visor. NASA a l s o released two-part 16-nm film which showed moon fadin@;away a s LM ascended and LMfs rendezvous with CSM i n lunar o r b i t . It a l s o showed Astronaut Michael Collins shaving i n s i d e CSM. (W Post, 8/1/69, A7; Witkin, NYT, 8/1/69, 16) Hans H. %us, Director of Executive Staff a t MSFC, and D r . George N. Constan, Director of Michoud Assembly F a c i l i t y , r e t i r e d a f t e r combined t o t a l of 5 1 yrs Government service. Maus, e x p e r t i n rocket development and production engineering, had received U S A ' s Exceptional Civilian Service Award and number of c i t a t i o n s f o r development of manufacturing methods, process autoaation, assembly, and tooling D r . Constan had served with USA at Milan, J o l i e t , concept developxent and Redstone Arsenals before h i s appointment t o Michoud i n 1961. (MSFC Release 69-167) . . Soviet Academician, D r . Anatoly A . Blagonravov, conceded that competition with U.S. S.R. might have been major f a c t o r i n U.S. determination t o reach moon and said t h a t i n space t h e r e was no way t o r e a l l y declare a winner, Space Business Daily reported. "I d o n ' t preclude t h e idea t h a t such a boosted prepsration Gf t h e Apollo project was i n some measure t h e r e s u l t of cornpetit ion with us. Basically a healthy competition i s no obstacle to success.... Science i s boundless i n i t s development and it cannot be compared t o a horse race--there i s no f i n i s h i n g l i n e . U . S , S . R . would The i n t e r e s t s of science are bound t o win anyway.. continue research .in "several major s c i e n t i f i c areas," make " e ~ e n s i v e use of automatic devices f o r exploring outer space," and 'pay "due a t t e n t ion" t o moon md t o both manned and unmanned missions. Cosmos, Zonh, and Proton spacecraft would continue t o be used f o r research and Soyuz spacecraft would be converted i n t o "modules of o r b i t a l space 7/31/69, laboratories designed f o r research i n lengthy flight. " (E, . ." ' 79) . Ms,-'s knowledge of Venus, Mars, and moon had been enormously enhanced by unmanned Mariner missions, New York Times e d i t o r i a l said. They were r e l a t i v e l y Fnexpensive and d i d not r i s k human l i v e s . "Neverthel e s s , American p o l i t i c a l leadership has been so obsessed with sending a man t o t h e moon t h a t unmanned probes of the planets became t h e stepchildren of t h e national space program. There were times &en even the continued existence o f the J e t Propulsion Laboratory--the �July 31 (continued) center for these unmanned flights--seemed i n doubt. Now, i n the new phase of American space exploration begun i n t h e wake of Apollo 1 1 ' s h i s t o r i c achievement, t h e major cost-benefit advantages of mariner type unmanned f l i g h t s . need t o be more rully appreciated by Washington policy makers, and even more intensively exploited than i n t h e p a s t , even as t h e manned exploration of the moon continues. " ( N J , 7/31/69, 32) . MOL cancellation "should a t most be a 'postponement,'" During July: Dr. Edward C. Welsh, formerly NASC Executive Secretary, said in Air ~ o r c e / s p a c eDigest. "contrary t o assertions made by people who should h o w b e t t e r , t h e MOL was not planned as a weapon system and would not have been a t h r e a t t o any other nation." MOL observations would be "as peaceful as those obtained on t h e NASA Gemini and Apollo f l i g h t . Men on board the spacecraft can be j u s t i f i e d by the contribut i o n s men make in matters of choice of observatlons, maintenance, and communication with e a r t h . " MOL would not duplicate NASA's ApoUo Applications program. "To try t o combine t h e A i r Force and NASA manned programs would waste much of the investments already made, would delay both programs, would increase the t o t a l cost over t h e long run, and would v i o l a t e the sound administrative p r i n c i p l e of having t h e experts do what they have been t r a i n e d t o do. Failure t o get a maximum return f r o m t h i s national-security system would seem t o be woefully short(AF/sD, 7 / 6 9 , 60-1) sighted and w a s t e f u l . " . American Embassy science attache i n New Delhi reported completion of India-U.S. project t o erect 48-in telescope a t Hyderadad. Project was s t a r t e d i n 1955 and completed j u s t before U. S. lunar landing. ( ~ ' ~ e i l l W. , Post, 8/31/69, ~ 5 ) �PROVISIONAL INDEX-JULY 1%9 , Abernathy, Rev. Ralph D. 246, 257, 2'70 Accident spacecraft, 238, 25 3 Adams Harold W. , 256 Adulyade j in^ Bhumibol ha iland) 30 2 Aeroflot, 308 289- a 0 Aero j e t -General Corp Aeronautics, 251, 254 Aerospace industry, 274 Aerospace Systems Laboratory, 256 Agnew, Vice President Spiro T., 269, 270, 271, 278 AIAA. See American I n s t i t u t e o f Aeronautics and Astmnautics. A i r Force Academy, 2j'O A i r Force R w i e w of the C-5A Program, 303 Air traffic control, 306 A i r c r a f t , 238, 241, 246, 251; 253, 254, 256-257, 260, 308 Airports, 306 Ajaccio, Corsica, 294 A l d r in, L/C E d w i n E , Js (uSAF) ,248 Apollo 11 mission exLravehicular a c t i v i t y , 243, 260, 262-263, 309 f l i g h t , 260-268 lwzar landing, 279, 290, 305 medical examinat ion, 296 Nixon, President Richard M., messages and welcome t o , 257, 292 plans f o r , 239-240, 250 press conference, 242-243, 254-255 record, 302 splashdown, 267 awards and honors, 280, 284, 303, 308 , , , ., ' . . , tribute t o , 274, 293 Algiers, 281 Alioto, Mayor Joseph, 260 AISEP. See Apollo l u n a r surface experiment package. American Academy of Achievement, 250 American F i e l d Service, 286 American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AM) A i r c r a f t Design Award, 256-257 American Rocket Society, 271 hoes Research Center (ARC) Thermo and Gas-Dynamics Div., 245 Amundsen, Capt. Roald, 303 Anders, L/C William A. (US&?), 250 Animal experiments, space, 243, 247 Anniversary, 247 �Apollo (program), 238, 248, 254, 268, 2 4 , 301, 309 ApoUo 7 f l i g h t ) , 268 Apollo 8 f l i g h t ) , 268, 278 ApoUo 9 flight) 268, 272 Apollo 1 0 (flight , 243,. 250, 268, r / 6 ApolLo 1l ( f l i g h t achievement, 268, 280, 282-284, 292, 296-299 cornmemorative s t amps, 248, 280 cosmonaut medals, 274, 276 c r i t i c i s m , 252, m , 282 experiments laser, 268, 284, 235 seismic, 268, 275-276, 285, 289, 299 solar wind, 263, 268, 276 Eyewitness t o Space (art program), 272 implications o f , 246, 286-293 launch, 260-268 plans and preparations f o r , 238-243, 249-250, 252 medical aspects, 251, 253, 296 Nixon, President Richard M . , 263, 267, 269, 276, 292, 296-24 observance o f , 252-253, 256-258, 270 photographs, 268, 293, 298, 309 press comment, 246, 254, 256, 258-260, 270, 273-275, 277-279, 282-283 288, 290, 294, 24-298, 300-301 foreign, 258-259, 270-271, 273, 275, Zj"7, 200, 283-284, 288-289, 2 9 , 298 p r e s s conference, 242-245, 254-255, 278 , 292, 301-302 records, 302 religious aspects, 3 4 , 260, 279, 296, 297, 305 splashdown, 267 t r a c k i n g , 250, 268 TV broadcasts, 246, 258, 261-263, 267, 268 TV coverage, 260, 252, 294-295 U.S.S.R. and, 252-253, 270, 276, 280, 291, 29$, 302 Apollo 1 2 ( f l i g h t ) , 292-293 Apollo lunar surface experiment package (ALSEP), 276, 292 ApoTelescope Mount (AICM), 285-236 Applications Technology S a t e l l i t e (ATS ) 2 9 ARC. See Axes Research Center. . h i s t a r c h u s (moon c r a t e r ) , 261 Armstrong, N e i l A. , 288 A ~ Oll E mission O extravehicular a c t i v i t y , 243, 260, 262-263, 309 f l i g h t , 260-268 l u n a r landing, 279, 293, 305 1 I , (ii) �JULY 1969 Armstrong, Neil A. (continued) medical examination, 296 Nixon, President Richard M., messages and welcome to, 257, 292 plans for, 239-240, 250 press conference, 242-243, 254-255 record, 302 splashdown, 267 awards and honors, 280, 284, 297, 303, 308 tribute to, 274, 293 Armstrong, Nefi A., Aerospace Museum, 3 7 Aspis-Pronoia insurance company; 271 Astronaut ApoUo U mission commemorative stamp, 245 extravehicular activity, 243, 260, 262-263, 268, 293 flight, 260-268 plans and preparations for, 238-239, 240-243, 249-250, 252 lunar landing, 262, 290, 305 medical aspects, 250, -253, 296 TV broadcast, 261, 263, 295 awards and honors, 243, 250, 284, 303, 308 contract, lunar Landin@; story, 239 goodwill tom, 238-241, 244, 247, 251 hazards, 252, 253 memorial, 280, 295, 297 Nixon, President, Richard M. dining with astronauts, plans for, 245, 251 messages and greetings from, 257, 276, 292, 296 press conference, 240, 242-293, 254-255 promotion, 295 record, 255, 302 tributes to, 274, 291, 292, 296 . White House liaison, 276, 278 Astronauts Memorial. Conrmission (proposed), 295 ATM. See ApoUo Telescope Mount. Atmosphere, 251 ATS-F ( ~ p p l i c aions t Technology sat ellite) , 290 Australia, 247, 280, 294 Austria, 259 Award, 243, 250, 256-257, 2a4, 303, 308 Ayer , Prof Alfred J. , 287 Back-contanination, 252 Baikonur, U.S.S.R., 238, 239, 253, 268, 285 B a l l u t e (balloon-parachute) , 288 . (iii) �W g k o k , Thailand, 244, 281, 302 Bantam Books, 304 W r y , Marion, 217 Beam, Ambassador Jacob D., 241 Bendix Field Engineering. Corp., 239 Eeniele, Max, 287 Berry, D r . Charles A . , 245, 251, 253 Biehl, Richard E., 287 B i l o x i , Miss., 270 B i o s a t e U i t e 111, 243, 247 Blount, Postmaster General Winton M., 248 Boeing 747 ( j e t t r a n s p o r t ) , 249 Bogota, Colombia, 271 Bonny (space monkey), 243, 247 Soman, L/C Frank (w) award, 250 press conference, 251 v i s i t t o U.S.S.R., 238-241, 244, 247, 258, 260, 295 White House a c t i v i t i e s , 276, 278 &mtf ord, Canada, 281 Bray, Rep. William G., 305 Brazil, 281 Brevard County, FZa., 240 Brezhnev, Leonid I., 302 British Broadcasting Corp. (BBC), 3 0 Brussels, Belgium, 2a1 B u c h a d , A r t , 282-283 Budapest, Hungary, 280 Buffum, W i l L i a m B . , 291 maria, 8 5 C-5A (military cargo t r a n s p o d ) , 254, 260, 303 California, Unlv. o f , 286 San Diego, 272 C u e , Paul, 248 Camera, 246, 252 Canada, 293 Candau, D r . M. G., 307 Cap P i s t o l (astronaut maneuvering u n i t ) , 287 Cape Canavexal, Fla., 250, 291 Cape x e ~ e d y ,Fla., 250-252, 291, 300 Carpentier, D r . W i l l i e R. , 296 Caste1 Gondolfo, Italy, 254, 270, 279,-291 CBS Laboratories, 246 CDDT See Countdown demonstration t e s t . CF-6 (turbofan engine), 250 . �JULY 1969 ' Chaffee, LCdr. Roger B. (uSN) , 274 Chamberlain, Dr. Owen, 286 Chapan, Dr. Dean R., 245 Chappell, Rep. William, 291 Chile, 281 China, Communist, 281-282, 284 China, Nationalist, 281 Civil Aeronautics Board, 294 Clayton, James, 300 CM. See Commandmodule. Collins, Col. Michael (USW) A~ollo ll mission . . flight, 260-268 medical examination, 296 Nixon, President Richard M., messages and welcome to, plans for, 239-240, 250 press conference, 242-243, 254-255 record, 302 splashdown, 267 awards and honors, 280, 284,-303, 308 promotion, 295 tribute to, 274 Colombia, Zi'l Colorado Springs, Colo., 3 0 Columbia. See Commandmodule. Columbia Univ. , 275, 302 Command and service module (cSM), 251, 262, 267, 309 Command module (CM) (~olumbia), 242, 243, 261, 267, 271 Commerce, Dept. of, 2 7 Communications, 289-293 Communications satellite, 247, 285, 290, 305 Cammunications Sat e l l i t e Corp (cornsat ~ o r )p, m, 295 Computer, 249, 251 257, 292 . Computer Sciences Corp. , 249 Concorde (u.K. -~rance)supersonic transport, 231, 308 Congress, 239, 254, 278 Congress, House of Representatives, 259, 286 bills introduced, 247, 291, 295 Committee on House Administration, 295 Conunittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, 305 Committee on Judiciazy, 247 Committee on Science a ~ Astronautics, d 295 Subcommittee on NASA Oversight, 248 Subconmittee on Science, Research, and Development, 308 �JULY 1 9 6 9 Congress, Senate, 250, 269 bills passed, 296, 308 Committee on Eanking and Currency, 303 Committee on I n t e r i o r and Insular Affairs, 250 Constan, D r . George N., 309 CopeMLicus (moon c r a t e r ) , 306 Cosmonaut, 239-241, 244, 276, 294, 300 Cosmos C C ~ (u.s. M S.R. s a t e l l i t e ) ,'249 Cosmos CCXC, 285 Countdown demonst r a t ion t e s t (CDDT), 238 Crimes, U. S. S.R., 238 CSM. See Command and service module. Cuba, 281 (Surtiss-Wright Corp. 287 Czechoslovakia, 280, 300, 302 Czechoslovakian Communist Party, 291 Dai Chi Chinei ( ~ a p a n e s ef r e i g h t e r ) , 242 D m a . W i l l i a m H. 289 ~ a n i h ~ u g ~ e n h ekuld ii f o r the Promotion of Aeronautics, 271 DC-10 ( j e t t r a n s p o r t ) , 260 Dearborn, Mich. 241 Defense, Dept . of (DOD) 245, 2G6, 303 Delta (booster), 295 Des Moines, Iowa, 293 Dirksen, Sen. Everett M., 296 Disarmament, 240 Dobrynin, Ambassador Anatoly I?., 252 Docking, 261 DOD. SeeDefense, Dept. of. Dodd, Lamar, 272 DuBridge, Dr. Lee A. 241 Eagle. See Lunar module. Early Apollo s c i e n t i f i c experiment package (EASEP), 27'5 -276 Earth Resources Survey Program, 295 Eastern Test Range (ETR), 295 Edwards AFB, C a l i f . , 251 Egypt, 2-71 Eisenhower, President Dwight D., 239 ELDO. See European Launcher Development Organization. ELDO F-8 (ELDO satellite), 238 Elizabeth 11, Queen of Great B r i t a i n , 280 Ellice Ielnnd, 287 Ellington, Duke, Z??g Erne, D r . Eugene M., 240 , . , , , ' �Ethiopia, 252, 303 Eupatoria, U. S.S.R. 244 Europa (booster ) 238 European Launcher Development Organization (EXDO), 238 Ewing, D r . Maurice, 2 7 5 . Exceptional Civilian S e m ice Award (USA), 309 E x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l l i f e , 245 Extravehicular a c t i v i t y (EVA), 243, 255, 260, 262, 263, 268, 293, 309 Eyewitness t o Space (NASA art program) 272 F-4 (Phantom 11) ( j e t f i g h t e r aircraft), 246 , , , Fasi, Mayor Frank F., 298 Federal Aviation A d m i n i s t rat ion (FW), 306 Federal Comunicat ions Commission (FCC), 305 Felver, Edward R., 248 Feoktistov, Konstantin P., 239, 241, 280 Flying Tiger P i l o t Trophy, 243 Flying Tigers, 243 France, 241, Zg, 308 Frey, Rep. Louis, Jr., 291, 295 Gagmin, Col. Y u r i A . (u,S.S.R. ), 244, Z74 G a l a b e d I n t e r n a t i o n a l Astronautics Prize, 284 Gandhi, Prime Minister, Mrs. I n d i r a (India), 281 Gardner, Prof. Richard N., 299 Gast, Dr. P a d , 302 General E l e c t r i c Co. Aircraft Engine Group, 280 Geneva, Switzerland, 2b0, 242 Georgadze, Mikhail P., 241 Gemasy, East, 302 Gernany, 'West, 238, 294 Ghana, 281 G i l b e r t Island, 287 Goiidard Institute f o r Space Studies, 246 Goddard, D r . Robert H., 271 Goddard Space F l i g h t Center (GSFC) 244, 265 Goldmark, D r . P e t e r C. 246 Goldstein, D r . Richard, 304 Goldstone Tracking Station, 304 Goodyear Aerospace Gorp., 288 Gorton, Prime Minister John ( ~ u s t r a l i a ) ,294 , Graham, B i l l y , 295-24 Grant, 256 Greece, , ' 271 (vii) �iirgil Grissom, L/c I. (WAF), 274 Growko, A n d r e y A . , 284 . GSFC. See Goddard Space F l i g h t Center (NASA). Guam I n t e r n a t i o n a l Airport, 296 Guerney, Sen. Edward J. 250 Guggenheim, Harry F. 271 Gulf Stream Drift, 257 Kaile Selassie, Emperor of B h i o p i a , 252 Halaby, ~aj ee6 E 308 Haredi, sheikh Ahmand, T/1 Harris, Louis, p o l l , 256 Harris, D r . Robert, 305 Harvard Univ., 287 Hayden Planetarium, 293 Heinemam, Ptesident Gustav (vest ~ermany) 294 Hickam AFB, Hawaii, 247, 295 Hiday-atdlah, Mohammad, 308 Hillary, S i r Edmund, 303 Hines, William, 254 Hirohito, Emperor ( ~ a p a n ) 281 "Historical Perspectives on ApoUo, " 2 b I-&-10 (lift --body vehicle), 289 Holland, Sen. Spessard L,, 250 Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Dept. of, 284 Houston, Tex. ,,258, r(2, r17, 293, 299, 300, 307 Houston Welfare Rights Organization, 280 Hsieh Sen-chao, 281 ' Hughes A i r c r a f t Co. 289-290 Humphrey, Vice President Hubert H., 280 Hungary, 280, 302 Hunt, Sir John, 303 HutltsvilZe, M a . 293 Kurd, Peter, 27'2 Hyderabad, India, 310 ZMS. See Ion mass spectrometer. Inchon, South Korea, 285 Independence Day, 241 India, 281, 308 Indonesia, 244, 300 I n s t i t u t e f o r Soviet -American Relations, 238 I n t e l s a t - 1 1 1 F-2 (communications s a t e l l i t e j* ,. 296 I n t e l s a t - I 1 1 F-5, '295-296 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Aeronautical Federation (I@) , 255, 302 bt ernat i o n a l cooperat ion, spsce 239, -240, - 247, - 259, 260, r ( 8 , 280, 286 288 , 295 295 , 2983 299 , , ., , , , , , (viii) , �, International Platform Assn. 284 Ion mass spectrometer (IMS), 290 Ira, q l Isis 1 (International S a t U t e f o r Ionospheric studies), 293 I s r a e l , 271 Italy, 238, 294 Jakarta, Indonesia, 244, 300 James, Lee B., 303 Japan, 252, 294, 300 Jastrow, D r . Robert, 246 Jerusalem, Israel, 271 J e t P r o p d s i o n Laboratory (JPL) ( ~ a ~l e c h ) 250, 299, 301, 304, 306, 309 J o d r e l l Bank Experimental' Station (u.x.), 268, 279, 280, 284, 2a6, 294 Johnson, President Lyndon B. 239, 257, g o , q 8 Johnson4 Mrs. Lyndon B., 257 Johnston Island, 268 Jones, Robert J., 248 JPL. See Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( ~ a ~l e c h ) Kauai, Hawaii, 247 Kazakhstan, U. S,S. R. 239 : Keldysh, Mstislav V. , 247, ,275, 294 Kennedy, Sen. Edward M., 269 Kennedy, President John F. 239, 260, 288 Kennedy Space Center (KSC) 239, 254, 255, 295 Khan, President Agha Mohammad Uahya (~akistan) 294 . IOuushchev, Premier Mikita (u. S..S. R. ) 241, 300 King, D r . Martin Luther, Zj"7 Kirkman, Don, 239 Kornarov, L/C V l a d i m i r M. (u. S S .R ) 244, 274 Korea, South, 285, 294 Korolev, S ergei 244 Kosygin, Premier Alexsey (u.s.s.R.), 280 EC. See Kennedy Space Center. Kuznet sov, Vasily V 241 Lagos, Nigeria, 271 LaHore, Pakistan, 244 Laaont -Doherty Geological Observatory, 275, 299 Laser experiment, 284, 285 Latham, D r . Gary, 275, 299 Launch Complex 39, 260,. 267 Lederberg, D r . Joshua 252 Lenin, Vladimir I. 2f14 Leningrad, U.S.S.R., 2b , .m, , . , , , , . ., , ., , , �Lewis Research center' ( L ~ R C )(NASA), 260 Lick Observatory, 285 Lifting-body vehicle, 289 Lloyds of London, 294 I;M. See Lunar module. Lockheed A i r c r a f t Corp. ,' 254, 260, 303 Logan, Joseph, Jr., 281 Loprete, Joseph F, 237 Los Angeles, Calif., 280 h v e l l , Sir Bernard, 268, q 9 , 2a0, 284, 286, 294 LovelZ, Cap-t. James A , , Jr. (USN), 256 Lowell Observatory, Ariz., 256 Lucian, 278 Luna XV (u.S.S.R. lunar probe), 238, 255, 268, 275, 279, 286 . launch, 253 moon landing, 204, 302 p r e s s comment, 259-260 Lunar module ( ~ a g l e ) ,243, 258, 3 6 , 280, 309 moon landing, 243, 260-263, 278, 305 moon l i f t o f f , 267 plaque on, 239-240 Lunar Orbiter (program), 256 Lunar Receiving Laboratory (IIRL) 248, 267-268, 298, 301-302, 305 Lunar roving vehicle, 252 Lunar Science Institute, 272 L u t i n e B e l l , 294 Lyons, Kenneth T . , 306 . ~ c ~ o n n e l Gen. l, John P. (USAF) 295 McDonald Observatory, 284 McDonnell Douglas Cory. 246, 2a 9 Magnetic field, 276 Man of Achievement Award, 250 Man on the Moon (pan~hlet), 280 Management, 248 Manhattan Project, 27'3 Manila, Philippines, 244, 299 Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) 245, 310 W e d space f l i g h t , 245, 260-268, 291 Manned Space Flight Network (MSFN) 239 Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), 242-243, 245, 252, 268, r ( 6 , 277, 235, 303 ~a.nnh& e We s t Germany, ,268 Mansf i e l d , Sen. Michael J. , 269, 296 , , , , , , ; Marcos, President Ferdhand E. ( ~ M l i p p i n e s ) ,299 �Mariner (program), 309-310 Mariner N Mars probe), 258 Mariner VI Mars probe) 258, 301, 304, 306 Mariner V I I (Mars probe j 238, 304, 306 Mars (planet); 241, 251, 252, 258, ri?, 283, 292, 297, 301, 304, 306, 309 Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), 238, 249, 252, 258, 303, 309 Massachusetts Institube of Technology (MIT) , 289 Materials technology, 249 Maurer camera, '262 Maus, Hans H. , 309 Mead, Dr. Margaret, 246 MESA. SeeModularized equipment stowage assembly. Meteorological satellite, 251 Meteorology, 251 Miami, Fla., 253 Michoud Assembly Facility, 309 Microminiaturization, 239 Minneapolis, Minn. , 254 Mirage ( ~ r e n c hsupersonic fighter-bomber), 241 MIT. See Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mobile quarantine facility (MV), 267, 268, 298 Modularized equipment stowage assembly (MESA), 262-263 Mogadiscio, Somalia, 281, 293 MOL. See Manned Orbiting Laboratory. Molniya 1-12 (communications satellite), a5 Monkey experiment, 243, 247 ~ontciair,N.J., 293 . Moon crater, 245, 261 globe, 256 landing, 241 manned anniversary, 247 cornmemorative s t amp, 248 criticism, 250 implications of, 286-287 U . S . , 242-241C, 256, 260-268, 304 cornemoration of, 239-240, 254 plans for, 252,. 254, 292-2543 U.S. S.R., 296 manned U.S.S.R., 284, 302 lunar orbit, record, 255, 302 Lunar Receiving Laboratory (I&), $6, 298, 301, 305, 307 I , �Moon (continued) lunar roving vehicle, 252 Lunar Science I n s t i t u t e , 272 magnetic f i e l d , 276 o r i g i n , 242, 289 passenger flight t o , 293, 294 photographs, 246, 256, 263, 293, 305, 309 probe Luna XV, 253 seismic a c t i v i t y , 285, 289, 299 s o l a r wind, 263, 276 surface, 289 analysis o f , 242, 301-302 composition, 301-302 sample, 238, 245, 255, 263, 267-268, 292, 296, 298, 301-302, 305, 307 TV t e l e c a s t s from, 258, 262-263 "Moon In" ( c e n t r a l Park, New ~ o r k ) 279 " ~ o o nMaiden" (song), 279 Noore, David, 250 238, 239, 247 Moscow, U.S.S.R., Mt. Everest, 303 See Mobile quarantine f a c u i t y . MSC. See Manned Spacecraft Center. See Marshall Space ??light Center. MSFC. MueUer, D r . George E.', 255, 292 Mumford, Lewis, 246 See National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA, NASA Office of Advanced Research and Technology (CART), 260 NASA Office of Manned Space Flight (OMSF), 258 NASA Office of Space Science and Applications (OSSA), ,295 NASA Office of Tracking and Data Acquisition (OTDA) 268 See NationalAeronautics and Space ~ o h c i l . NASC. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) 272 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) awards and honors, 2h3, 250, ,284, 303, 308 budget, 251 contract, 239, 249, 252, 260, 289, 305 cooperation, 251 cooperation, i n t e r n a t i o n a , 239, 240, 247, 259, 260, 278, 280, 286, 288, 295, 296, 298, 299 c r i t i c i s m , 250, 252, 2'7'7 employment, 240, 277' f a c i l i t i e s , 295 , . ' , , �National Aeronautics and Space A d m b 5 s t rat ion (continued) launch Apollo ll, 260-268 s a t e l l i t e , 295-296 sounding rocket, 249 l i f t i n g - b o d y v e h i c l e , 289 management, 248 personnel, 303, 309 programs Apollo, 238, 248, 254, 268, 297, 301, 309 art, 272 astronomy, 269, 27'7 manned space flight, 256, 292-293 Mariner, 244, 258, 306-301, 309-310 space biology, 243, 247, 253 space s t a t i o n , 285-286, 289 record spacecraft 255, 302 National Aeronautics and Space Council (NASC) 310 National Assn. of Government Employees, 306 National Day of P a r t i c i p a t i o n p pol lo ll f l i g h t ) , 269 National Geographic Society, 250 National Research Council (NRC), 251 New Delhi, India, 244, 281, 308 New York, N . Y . , 279 New York Stock Exchange, 286, 293 Nigeria, 271 Nike-Tomahawk (sounding rocket ) 305 Nimbus 111 (meteorological s a t e l l i t e ) 251 Nixon, B e s i d e n t ~ i c h & dM. , 286 ~ ~ o l ll lof l i g h t , 239, - 240, 301 astronauts communications with, 257, 263, 276 dining with, $45, 251 tribute t o , 274, 292, 296 U.S.S. Hornet greeting, 267 messages t o , regarding, 294 moon plaque, 240 National Day of P a r t i c i p a t i o n , 269, 277 Asian tour, 244, 297, 299, 302, 308 Fnternational cooperation, space, 286 White House r e l i g i o u s service, 278-2j'g Noren, Rev. Paul H. A . , 254 , , , ' , (xiii) . , �North American Rockwell Corp. Aerospace and Systems Group, 238 Atomics I n t e r n a t i o n a l Div. 238 Power Systems Div., 238 Rocketdyne Div., 238 , Space Div., 289 North Pole, 303 Norton, W. W. & Co., 304 Novosibirsk, U. S. S. R . , 238 NRC. See National Research Council. See NASA Office of Advanced Research and Technology. OART. Ocean of S t o m s (moon), 292 Oceanography, 240, 244, 257 Orconnor, M/G Edmund F. (USAF), 303 Ohio H i s t o r i c a l Society, 297 Ojai, C a l i f . , 243 Organization f o r Economic Cooperation and Development, 308 Osman, Armstrong Abdurahnm, 281 Oxford Univ., 28'7 Pacemaker ( sounding rocket ) 249 Pacific Ocean, 247, 251 Paine, D r . Thomas O., 244-245, 254, 257-250, 267 Pakistan, 294 Pan American World Airways (Fan Am), 2 9 See P i l o t &borne Recovery Dedce. PARD. Paris, France, 241, 284, 294 Park, President Chung Hee (South ~ o r e a ) , 294 Paterrt 287 Paul VI, Pope, 254, a'0, r19, 291, 294 Pearson, Drew, 250 Peary, A h . Robert E. (USN), 303 Petrov, Georgy 280 Philippines, 2h, 299 P h U i p s , L/G Samuel C . (USAF), 292 Piccard, Jacques, 257 Pickering, D r . W i l l i a m H., 250, 299 P i l o t Airborne Recovery Device (PARD), 288 Plan f o r U.S. P a r t i c i p a t i o n i n the Global Atmospheric Research Program, 251 P l a t e , Thomas G. , 277 ~ l e s e t s k ,u . s . s . ,'249, ~ 285 258, 260, 294, 302 Podgorny, President Nikolay V. (u.s.s.R.), Poland, 259, 271, 230, 302 Poor People's Campaign, 252, 267 Porter, Daniel R . , 297 Post Office Dept., 248 , , (xiv) �JULY 1969 Press, D r . Frank, 275 Press comment . Apollo U f l i g h t foreign, 258-259, r/O-Zj'l, 273, 275, 277, 280, 283-284; 288-289, 291, 298. moon plaque, 240 U . S . , 246, 256, 258, 259-2609 r(0, r13, r14-r15, 277, 3 9 , 282-2835 '288, -0, 24-298, 300-301 Mars, manned f l i g h t t o , Zi7 space r e s u l t s , 248-249, 272, 274, 291, 309 Press conference Apollo 33. f l i g h t , 242-245, 254-255, q 8 , 292 international cooperation, space, 240, 286, 295 l u n a r surface samples, 301-302 Mars, manned flight to, 269, 292 space program, n a t i o n a l 269, 278, 292-293, 299 supersonic transpork, 2 1 U.S.S.R. space program, 251, 296 Pride Inc., 277 Princeton Univ., 256 b Qantas A i r l i n e s , 287 Quiet Engine Research Program, 260 Radiometer, 306 Raska, D r . ILarel, 307 272 Rauschenberg, Robe*, Record spacecrafi, 255, 302 Redstone Arsenal, A h . 309 Religious S o c i e t y of Friends, 278 Rendezvous, 242, 300, 309 Rice Univ., 305 Rio de J a n e i r o , Brazil Museum of Modern A r t , 281 Romania, 281, 300, 302 Romney, Secretary of Housing and Urban ~evelopmentGeorge W., Rosamond, Calif., 289 Rossini, Mayor Pascal, 2gb Royal Geographical Society, 303 Russell, Bertrand A. W., Lord, 258 Saavedra, Albert, 248 Saigon, South Vietnam, 307 San Diego, Calif., 270 San Francisco, Calif., 260, 270 Santiago de Chile, 281 Saragat, President Guiseppe ( ~ t a l y ) ,294 , 284-285 �~ a t o ,Prime Minister Eisalru (~apan), 294 Saturn V (booster), 260, 268, 303 1st s t a g e (s-IC), 238 3rd s t a g e (s-IVB) 241, 248 Saturn V workshop ( q a c e c r a f t ) 285 -286 Savannah, Ca,, 280 Sciacca, Prof. Mlchele Federico, 287 Science, 309 Science, Technology, and Public Policy During t h e Ninetieth Congress, 308 Sea of Crises (moon), 284 Sea of T r a n q u i l i t y . (moon), 262, 267, 284, 299 Sedov, Prof. Leonid I., 2 9 Seismic experiment, 275-276, 285, 289, 299 Service propulsion system (SPS), 261 239 Sheremetyevo Airport, U. S.S.R. Singapore, 281 Smith, D r . Harlan, 284 Smith, Dr. Paul S. 278 Smithsonian h s t i t u t ion, 246 S o l a r wind experiment, 263, 276 ~ o m a l i a , 281, 298 Sounding rocket, 2bg South Pole, 303 Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( s a c ) , 246, ,252 Soviet Academy of Sciences, 247, 275, 294 Soviet lnst i t u t e f o r Cosmic Research, -280 Space biology, 243, 245, 247, 253 Space Exploration Day ( ~ r o ~ o s e d 247 ), Space l a w t r e a t y , 275 Space, m i l i t a r y use o f , 2b5 Space program, national, 244-245, 256, 260, 269, 278, ,282, 288, 304 Space race, 238, 259 286, 296, 300, 309 Space r e s u l t s , 248-229, 272, 275, 283, 286, 289 Space s t a t ion, 285 -286, 289-290, 299 Spacecrafi debris, 242 Spacecraft -lunar-module-adapt e r (SLA) psnels, 248 S p a h , T/1 Spectrometer, 306 SPS. See Service propulsion system. Stanford Univ. 252 Star C i t y , ( ~ z y o z d nGorodok, i U.S.S.R.), 239, 244 Submarine, missile-carrying, 238 Sud-Aviation, 241 Suez Canal, 281 , , , , ' , �, Suharto President (Indonesia), 300 Supersonic t r a n s p o r t (SST), 241, 308. Surveyor 111 ( s p a c e c r a f t ) , 293 Surveyor V , 302 Sutton, D r . George, 275 Swartz , Reginald, 287 Sweden, 271, q 3 , 284, 288-289, 303-304 Taipei, Formosa, 281 Teharan, Iran, 271 T e k t i t e , 245 T e l Aviv, I s r a e l , 271 Television, 254, 258, 8 2 Apozlo U, 246, 260-262, 267, 294, 295 Tennessee, 270 Texas, Univ. of, 284 TF-39 (turbofan engine), 260 Thailand, 302 Thant, U, U.N. Secretary General, 294 This New Ocean, 301 Thorad-Agena (booster) , 293 Thorn, ~ r OeWeigh, . 11, 3 0 T h r e l f a S 1 , David, 280 Time-Life, Inc 239 Titov, L/C Gherman S. (u.s.s.R.), 239, 241 Tolson, Clyde A., 2a7 Toynbee, Prof. Arnold J . , 287' Tracking, 244, 250, 268 Trans World A i r l i n e s , 290, 294 TransporLation, 256 The True History, 278 Truszynski, Gerald M., 258 Tu-14.4 (u.s S. R. supersonic transport ) 308 Tunney, Rep. John V. 247 T u r i n , Italy, 287 " 2001: a Space Odyssey" (film) 290 Tycho (lunar c r a t e r ) , 245 Unidentified s a t e l l i t e , 289, 293, 308 United Kingdom (u.K.), 258, 303, 308 Defense U s t r y , 238 United Nations (u.N.) C o d t t e e on t h e Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, 242 Disarmament C a n m i t t ee 240 General Assembly, 240 Secretary General, 294 , ., ' . , , , , �United Nations (continued) S e c u r i t y Council, 291 Space I n s t i t v k e (proposed), 299 United Nations Educational, S c i e n t i f i c , and Cultural Organization, 308 U n i v e r s i t i e s Space Re search Assn. (USRA) 27 2 Urey, D r . Harold C., 286' USAJ? Aeronautical C h a r t and Information Center, 256 U. S. A i r Force (uSAF), 295 aircraft, 246, 251, 254, 288, 303 cooperation, 251 launch s a t e l l i t e , 289, 293, 308 U.S. Army (USA), 283 U. S. Information Agency (usIA), 280 U S . Navy (USN), 246, 253 U.S. Patent Office, 287 U.S.S. Gary, 253 U.S.S. Hornet, 264, 292, 294, 296 U.S.S.R-on of S o v i e t S o c i a l i s t ~ e p u b l i c s ) ,241 a i r c r a f t , 308 Apollo U f l i g h t , 252, 253, 270, 276, 280, 291, 294, 302 Brman, L/C Frank, v i s i t t o , 239-241, 244, 247, 251, 258, 260 cooperation,. space, 239, 24-0, 247, 259, 260, 278, 280, 286, 288, 295, 295, 298, 299 disarmament, 240 launch, 238 probe Luna XV, 253 sate l l i t e Cosmos, 249, 285 Molni I-ii 285 . probe L A , 259-260, 268, 275, 279', 280, 284, 286, 302 space program, 238, 245, 290-291, 2 9 , 300, 309 spacecraft debris, 242 supersonic transport, 308 Van Praagh, David, 244 Vandenberg AFB, C a l i f . 289, 293, 308 Venus ( p l a n e t ) , 309 Verne, Jules, 243 Vietnam, North, 295 Voice of America (VOA) 281, 300 Von Braun, D r . Wernher,. 259, 298 Vostok 1 (u.S. S. R. spacecraft), 244 Vzyozdni Gorodok (Star city) (u. S. S . R. ) 239, 244 , , , , ( x v i i i) �Wald, D r . George, 287 Wall, D r . Frederick T., 272 Wallops Stat ion (NASA), 249, 305 Wapakoneta, Ohio, 293 Warsaw, Poland, 259, 29k, 302 Washington, D . C . , 238, 250, 269, 270, 284 Washington National G d l e r y of A r t , 2(2, We each t h e Moon, 304 Weather modification,. 251 Webb, James E . , 257 Weightlessness, 247, 253 Welsh, D r . Edward C., 310 West Palm Beach, Fla. 257 Western E l e c t r i c Co., 280 wethe, Jay D. 238 Wheaton, Md., 250 White, L/C Edward H. I1 (USAF) 274 White House, 240, 251, 263, 269, 274, 278, 3 9 , 286, Whittier CoUege, 278 Wiesner, D r . J e m m e B., 307 WFlford, John Noble, 304 Wwiams, Rev. Hosea, 252 Wilson, Prime Minister Harold (u.K. ) 280 Wing, aircraft, 254 Wollongong Australia,. 280 Woomera Rocket Range, Australia, 238 . World Health Organization (WHO) Communicable Disease Div., 307 Wright brothers, 271, 283 Wyeth, James B., 272 X-15 (rocket research a i r c r a f t ) , 251 XB-70 (supersonic bomber), 251 YF-12A (reconnaissance a i r c r a f t ) 251 Yugoslavia, 300 Zacharias, J e r r o l d , 307 Zakharov, Aleksey V . , 291 Ziegler, Henri, 241 , , , , , , , 305 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000125 Title A name given to the resource "Astronautics and Aeronautics July 1969: A Chronology on Science, Technology, and Policy (HHR-23)." Description An account of the resource Comment draft. Text drafted by Science and Technology Division, Library of Congress. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Library of Congress. Science and Technology Division NASA Historical Division (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-08-01 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn Project (U.S.) Science and state Space race Technology and state Type The nature or genre of the resource Chronologies (list) Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 32, Folder 27 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource fr Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000119_000149 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/18215 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1269/spc_stnv_000126.pdf 6ae506a16e096751e498a546da7d59ed PDF Text Text COlMFXC DRAFT NOT FOR ASTRONAUT I C S RELEASE A N D JULY AERONAUTICS 1968 A CHRONOLOGY ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND POLICY (HER-23) Text Drafted by Science and T e c h n o l o a Division Library of Congress NASA H i s t o r i c a l Division (EH) Office of P o l i c y National Aeronautics and Space Admini s t r a t i o n Washington, D C 205 46 .. (For I n s e r t i o n i n Your ~ o l d e r ) ��J u l y 1: Eighth anniversary of NASA's l a r g e s t Center, Marshall Space F l i g h t Center MSFC s t a r t e d business J u l y 1, 1960, with 4,400 employees working i n f a c i. l i t i e s valued a t estimated $100 million. On e i g h t h anniversary MSFC had 6,500 employees. Plant value was estimated a t $400 m i l l i o n , w i t h r e a l p r o p e r t y values accounting f o r $140 m i l l i o n and c a p i t a l equipment f o r remaining $260 million. Achievements during f i r s t e i g h t y e a r s included development and successful f l i g h t of Saturn I, Saturn I B , and Saturn V launch v e h i c l e s . (MSFC Release 68-143) . . McDonnell Douglas Corp. received $9,666,800 NASA contract f o r 1 0 a d d i t i o n a l Improved ( ~ o n ~ - ~ a nDelta k ) launch v e h i c l e s f o r use i n v a r i e t y of launches, including TOS-E f o r ESSA i n August, INTELSAT I11 f o r ComSatCorp i n September, IDSCP/A f o r DOD i n May 1969, HEOS ( ~ i ~Eccentric h l ~ Orbiting S a t e l l i t e ) f o r ESRO i n l a t e 1968, and ISIS-A ( ~ n t e r n a t i o n a lS a t e l l i t e f o r Ionospheric s t u d i e s ) i n l a t e 1968. North American Rockwell Corp. was awarded $6,968,038 c o n t r a c t extension f o r m a t e r i a l , f a c i l i t i e s , manpower, and equipment f o r XB-70 f l i g h t operations, and General E l e c t r i c Co. was awarded $1,957,323 extension f o r maintenance of XB-70 engines. Both extensions covered J u l y 1, 1968, through June 30, 1969. (NASARelease 68-116; FRC Release 19-68) . At signing i n Washington, D.C., of nuclear n o n p r o l i f e r a t i o n t r e a t y , President Johnson said: h he conclusion of t h i s t r e a t y encourages t h e hope t h a t o t h e r s t e p s may be t a k e n toward a peaceful world. And.. . I have described t h i s t r e a t y a s t h e most important i n t e r n a t i o n a l agreement s i n c e t h e beginning of t h e nuclear age.... A f t e r long seasons of p a t i e n t and painstaking n e g o t i a t i o n , we have concluded j u s t within t h e p a s t f i v e y e a r s , t h e l i m i t e d t e s t ban t r e a t y , t h e o u t e r space t r e a t y , t h e t r e a t y c r e a t i n g a nuclear-free zone i n L a t i n America. And t h e march of mankind i s toward t h e summit and not t h e chasm". Agreement had a l s o been reached between U. S. and U. S. S. R . , President Johnson announced, " t o e n t e r i n t h e n e a r e s t f u t u r e i n t o discussions on t h e l i m i t a t i o n and t h e reduction of both offensive s t r a t e g i c nuclear weapons d e l i v e r y systems and systems of defense a g a i n s t b a l l i s t i c missiles. " A t Moscow signing of t r e a t y , Soviet Premier Alexey N. Kosygin c a l l e d agreement a "major success f o r t h e cause of peace." He d i s closed contents of U.S.S.R. memorandum t o a l l n a t i o n s proposing a nine-point disarmament and arms c o n t r o l program and c a l l e d on 18-nation (PD , 6/8/68 ; Sherman, Geneva disarmament conference t o t a k e up proposal. W S t a r , 7/1/68, Al; UPI, 7/1/68; Grose, NYT, - 7/2/68, 1,2) . Sudden a f f i r m a t i v e response by U.S.S.R. t o President Johnson's longstanding o f f e r f o r d i s c u s s i o n of l i m i t i n g m i s s i l e s may have subs t a n t i a l meaning, s a i d W i l l i a m S. White i n Washington Post. "If �J u l y 1 (continued) t h i s should t u r n out t o be t h e case it would be i r o n i c , indeed. It would mean t h a t only a f t e r renouncing h i s o f f i c e had t h e President been a b l e t o convince t h e Russians. . t h a t t h i s country was honestly prepared t o make accommodations with Moscow, so long a s t h e y were r e a l i s t i c and enforceable accommodations t o reduce a p o s s i b i l i t y of nuclear holocaust t h a t s t i l l hangs over t h e world and w i l l so hang whatever may or may not happen i n t h e Vietnams." (W Post, 7/1/68, ~ 2 1 ) . . Resignation of D r . Mac C. Adams, NASA Associate Administrator f o r Advanced Research and Technology, announced May 21, became e f f e c t i v e . He r e j o i n e d Avco Corp., where he had worked from 1955 t o 1965, a s Corporate Vice President and Deputy Group Executive of Government Products and Services Group. (E, 7/2/68, 63) . NASA . appointed M/G Daniel F. Callahan (USAF, Ret ) , Manager of F l o r i d a M i s s i l e Operations f o r Chrysler Corp., t o p o s i t i o n of Deputy D i r e c t o r of Administration, Kennedy Space Center, vacated i n October 1967 by F r e d e r i c M i l l e r , who had become Director of I n s t a l l a t i o n Support. (KSC Release KSC-331-68) . New subdivision of A i r Force Systems Command, A i r Force Human Resources Laboratory (AFHRL), became o p e r a t i o n a l a t Brooks AFB, Tex., a s f o c a l p o i n t f o r USAF R&D e f f o r t t o s a t i s f y technology needs i n human resources education, t r a i n i n g , and management. It would a l s o provide t e c h n i c a l and management a s s i s t a n c e i n support of s t u d i e s , analyses, development planning a c t i v i t i e s , a c q u i s i t i o n , t e s t evaluation, modification, o r operat i o n of aerospace systems and r e l a t e d equipment. (AFSC el ease 93.68) . Commenting on C-5 maiden f l i g h t , New York Times e d i t o r i a l noted: "Of t h e many t e c h n o l o g i c a l advances r e q u i r e d f o r y e s t e r d a y ' s a v i a t i o n breakthrough, t h e most important was t h e quantum l e a p i n j e t propulsion c a p a b i l i t i e s represented by t h e C-5's motors. The enormous s i z e of t h e new plane forced extraordinary use of l i g h t m e t a l s . . . t o keep down weight. It a l s o posed unprecedented manufacturing problems whose b r i l l i a n t l y successful s o l u t i o n was proved by y e s t e r d a y ' s pathbreaking flight. "But w i l l t h e a i r p o r t s of t h i s country--and t h e world, f o r t h a t matter--be capable of meeting t h e c h a l l e n g e s . . . ? " By 1978, "it may be commonplace f o r a few enormous planes landing minutes a p a r t t o deposit 5,000 o r 10,000 passengers on t h e ground almost simultaneously.. Now i s none t o o soon t o begin planning f o r handling such masses of people The v a s t s i z e of t h e g i a n t new planes ahead i s dwarfed only 7/1/68, by t h e enormity of t h e unprecedented problems t h e y pose. " (E, 30 .... �J u l y 2: USAF had a t t r i b u t e d March 3 reports of unidentified f l y i n g objects over e a s t e r n U.S., including 70 eyewitness accounts, t o r e e n t r y of booster rocket o r other launching components of Zond IV spacecraft launched by U.S.S.R. March 2 on apparently unsuccessful mission. Despite March f l u r r y , t h e r e had been a sharp decline i n UFO r e p o r t s ; they were reaching USAF a t t h e monthly r a t e of 1967. As of previous weekend, 156 UFO reports had been received since Jan. 1, 1968; 21were a t t r i b u t e d t o astronomical objects, 19 t o a i r c r a f t , 10 t o balloons, 8 t o s a t e l l i t e s , and 22 t o other known causes. There were 35 cases pending and 41 as yet unidentified. ( ~ u l l i v a n ,NYT, 7/2/68, 1 ) . West Germany' s major aerospace companies--Me sserschmidt -Edlkow, Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke of Bremen, Hamberger Flugzeubau, and Dornier--formed subsidiary t o coordinate a l l long-range a i r c r a f t and space p r o j e c t s . They met under auspices of West German Government which had been urging g r e a t e r concentration of t h e n a t i o n ' s aerospace capacity. Experts termed t h e new organization nucleus of eventual merger of t h e four companies t o increase West German competition i n world markets ( ~ h a b e c o f f ,NYT, 7/3/68, 12) . - . NASA awarded contracts valued a t $579,000 t o Lockheed Missiles and Space Co. and $568,313 t o Northrop Systems Laboratories t o b u i l d and t e s t nonflight demonstration models f o r Orbiting Primate Experiment, a s continuation of preliminary conceptual design studies made during 1967. Research had been begun t o gain b e t t e r understanding of physiological changes anticipated i n long manned f l i g h t s . To assess e f f e c t s of weightlessness on r e l a t i v e l y high order mammal, NASA was studying experiment which might place two unrestrained rhesus monkeys i n o r b i t and r e t u r n them f o r d e t a i l e d examination a f t e r extended period t o i s o l a t e weightlessness a s a variable while maintaining a l l other f a c t o r s near normality. Post-flight examinations could r e v e a l changes r e s u l t i n g from absence of gravity. Orbiting Primate Experiment was p a r t of NASA's Human Factors Systems program t o provide technology required t o support man i n space during extended periods. (NASA Release 68-119) . Univ. of Virginia announced it would use $100,000 NASA grant t o finance construction of 40-in astrometric telescope a t i t s observatory south of C h a r l o t t e s v i l l e , Va. Additional funding would come from e s t a t e of Leander McCormick, who provided funds f o r i t s 26-in telescope b u i l t i n 1882. (AP, W S t a r , 7/3/68, ~ 2 0 ) . U. S. patent No. 3,390,492 was issued t o General E l e c t r i c Co. engineer E d e n T. Myskowski f o r g l a s s deep-submergence module i n titanium a l l o y frame usable a s laboratory o r l i v i n g quarters on ocean f l o o r i n anchored �J u l y 2 (continued) or mobile form. Patent No. 3,390,853 was issued t o North American Rockwell Corp. mechanical engineer Raymond P. Wykes f o r i n f l a t a b l e drag balloon ( b a l l u t e ) which was released behind reentry vehicle o r lifting-body vehicle a t end of a cable which pulled spacecraf't's wings out from i t s body on reentry and slowed it down f o r landing. (Patent Off PIO; Jones, NYT, 7/6/68, 25) - . N. Whitney Matthews, Chief of GSFC1s Spacecraft Technology Div., died i n Alexandria, Va., a t age 52. Pioneer i n space research, he had been with NASA 10 yr and had helped see Goddard through planning stages. He had worked with Projects Vanguard, Ariel, and Echo and with number of Explorer programs. He had specialized i n e l e c t r o n i c and s o l i d - s t a t e instrumentation and control c i r c u i t r y . (W Post, 7/5/68, ~ 8 ) . In e d i t o r i a l c r i t i c a l of National Academy of Sciences June 25 r e p o r t on sonic boom, Washington Evening S t a r said: "There comes a time when t h e convenience of t h e few and t h e p r o f i t of t h e even fewer simply have t o be made secondary t o t h e s a n i t y of t h e many. That time i s a r r i v i n g i n t h e sonic boom business. There i s no imaginable excuse f o r unleashing t h e boom against defenseless c i t i z e n s . " (w 3-s t a r 7/2/68, 3) J u l y 3: President Johnson signed H.R. 15856, NASA FY 1969 Authorizat i o n Act, which had been designated P.L. 90-373 [see June 181. (NASA J . A& v11/71) . Washington Post e d i t o r i a l comented on complaints of s c i e n t i s t s about deceleration of Federal funding f o r R&D. Since Federal expenditures had r i s e n every year, t h e r e would not be "much l a y sympathy f o r s c i e n t i s t s who complain they a r e not g e t t i n g t h e i r annual increase of 15 per cent.... Rather than crying ' c r i s i s ' . . . s c i e n t i s t s ought t o accept an ongoing obligation t o help public o f f i c i a l s devise b e t t e r ways of deciding how t o support t h e l e v e l of science t h a t t h e national welfare requires." (W Post, 7/3/68) . Did it matter i n 1968, asked New York Times e d i t o r i a l , t h a t I t a l i a n astronomer Galileo a f t e r t h r e e centuries might be cleared of heresy by a commission authorized by t h e Pope? "His astronomical t h e o r i e s and discoveries have long since been accepted; i n a r e a l sense, it i s t h e s p i r i t of s c i e n t i f i c inquiry t h a t w i l l be ' r e t r i e d ' by t h e Vatican Tribunal. " it s t i l l matters i n 1968 t h a t t h e i n t e l l e c t u a l s , t h e s c i e n t i s t s and t h e students be granted f u l l freedom of inquiry and "... �J u l y 3 (continued) p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n modern l i f e and government. That i s t h e meaning of Galileo, t h e i n d i v i d u a l and h e r e t i c , f o r today. I' (E, 6/3/68) . Aluminum Co. of America and Ocean Science and Engineering, I n c . , would i n v e s t more t h a n $5 m i l l i o n i n Alcoa Seaprobe p r o j e c t c a l l i n g f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n of ship permitting search, science, and salvage work a t depths t o 6,000 f t and a b l e t o h o i s t t o surface loads weighing up t o 200 t o n s . Planned f o r launch by May 1970, v e s s e l would search t h e ocean f l o o r by lowering streamlined sensor, carrying side-looking sonar, a t end of long semirigid pipe. (W -9S t a r 7/3/68, ~ 2 ) . French government announced imminent s t a r t of new atomic t e s t s e r i e s i n t h e P a c i f i c amid i n d i c a t i o n s France would attempt her f i r s t explosion of hydrogen bomb i n l a t e summer o r e a r l y autumn. B u l l e t i n warned s h i p s t o avoid, u n t i l f u r t h e r n o t i c e , danger zone around Mururoa A t o l l , about 750 m i southeast of T a h i t i . (E, 7/4/68, 1 ) . Jet Propulsion Laboratory announced appointment of D r . Robert V. Meghreblian, Manager of JPL Space Sciences Div., t o newly-established p o s t of Deputy A s s i s t a n t Laboratory D i r e c t o r f o r Technical Divisions. D r . Donald P. Burcham, Deputy Manager of Space Sciences Div., would succeed him. (JPL el ease) . French Armed Forces Ministry announced successful t e s t i n g of two new long-range b a l l i s t i c m i s s i l e s during p r e p a r a t i o n f o r P a c i f i c nuclear t e s t s e r i e s expected t o include French hydrogen bomb. F i r s t m i s s i l e , sea-to-ground, two-stage, remote-controlled rocket, would be used on F r a n c e ' s f i r s t nuclear submarine, which would e n t e r s e r v i c e i n e a r l y 1970. ( ~ e u t e r s ,NYT, 7/5/68, 13; W Post, 7/5/68, ~ 2 7 ) - J u l y 4-8: NASA launched 417-lb Explorer XXXVIII, Radio Astronomy Explorer (RAE-A), from WTR by t h r e e - s t a g e Thrust-Augmented Delta booster i n f i r s t of two missions t o measure frequency, i n t e n s i t y , and source d i r e c t i o n of r a d i o s i g n a l s from s o l a r , g a l a c t i c , and e x t r a g a l a c t i c sources. Spacecraft entered e l l i p t i c a l t r a n s f e r o r b i t , where it was s p i n - s t a b i l i z e d with 3,656.1-mi (5,884-km) apogee, 397.7-mi (640-km) perigee, 157-min period, and 59.4' i n c l i n a t i o n . Apogee motor was f i r e d J u l y 7, p l a c i n g Explorer X X X V I I I i n t o planned n e a r - c i r c u l a r o r b i t with 3,652.3-mi (5,881-km) apogee, 3,641.2-mi (5,860-km) perigee, 224.4-min period, and 59.2' i n c l i n a t i o n . On J u l y 8, yo-yo despin mechanism reduced s p i n r a t e from 93 rpm t o 2.8 rpm. As primary o b j e c t i v e spac.ecraft would measure i n t e n s i t y and d i r e c t i o n of r a d i o s i g n a l s from cosmic sources �~ u l y4-8 (continued) i n 0.5- t o 10-mhz range, not normally observable from e a r t h . Secondary o b j e c t i v e s were t o p l a c e spacecraft i n t o c i r c u l a r o r b i t of about 3,728-mi (6,000-km) a l t i t u d e and t o o b t a i n u s e f u l d a t a during f i r s t 30 days i n o r b i t , f o r d e t a i l e d study of dynamic s p e c t r a and decay r a t e s of sporadic r a d i o b u r s t s . Spacecraft was expected t o provide f i r s t low-frequency r a d i o map of Milky Way and a d d i t i o n a l d a t a on low-frequency s i g n a l s from J u p i t e r and sun. Explorer X X X V I I I was equipped with unique antenna system c o n s i s t i n g of two antennas made o f , f o u r -$-in-dia booms which could be deployed up t o 750 f t each, t o form X-shaped array. Configuration was t o be g r a v i t y gradient s t a b i l i z , e d [see J u l y 221. Spacecraft was a l s o equipped with damper boom, d i p o l e antenna, and TV cameras t o monitor spacecraft p e r formance and determine source of r a d i o s i g n a l s monitored w i t h upper a r r a y . Radio Astronomy Explorer p r o j e c t was managed by Goddard Space F l i g h t Center under d i r e c t i o n of NASA Office of Space Science and Applications. GSFC constructed, designed, and t e s t e d s p a c e c r a f t and provided s c i e n t i f i c instrumentation. (NASA Pro j O f f ; NASA Release 68-109K; Schmeck, NYT, 6/29/68, 8; AP, W S t a r , 7/5/68; AP, -N Y Y T 7/5/68, 26; W p o s t 7 / 8 / 6 8 , A6; 7/9/68, AT J u l y 5: U.S.S.R. s u c c e s s f u l l y l a u n c h e d Cosmos CCXXX from c e n t r a l launch s i t e a t Kapustin Yar. O r b i t a l parameters: apogee, 544 km (338 m i ) i perigee, 283 km (175.8 mi); period, 92.8 min; and i n c l i n a t i o n , 48.4 (UPI, NYT, 7/6/68; SBD, 7/10/68, 26; GSFC SSR, 7/15/68) . - . AEC1s High Energy Fhysics Advisory Panel r e p o r t i n Science decried recent cutbacks i n funds f o r high-energy physics--"one of main f r o n t s of sciencew--and recommended budget i n c r e a s e t o a v e r t d e c l i n e i n U.S. d f f o r t and construction of g i a n t bubble chamber at Brookhaven Laboratory and electron-positron storage r i n g a t Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC). Work on 200-bev a c c e l e r a t o r a t Weston, Ill. , should continue "at highest p r i o r i t y , " r e p o r t s t r e s s e d , and provision should be made t o finance j o i n t r e s e a r c h with U. S. S.R. using present most powerful a c c e l e r a t o r i n world at Serpukhov, near Moscow. Lack of approval of bubble chamber and SLAC storage r i n g i n 1968 and 1969 budgets meant "for t h e f i r s t time i n t h e h i s t o r y of t h i s f i e l d , U. S. p h y s i c i s t s w i l l be unable t o make use of some of t h e most modern means of r e s e a r c h . " Further, t h e r e was " c l e a r and present danger" t h a t U. S. would l o s e i t s l e a d e r s h i p i n t h i s fundamental f i e l d , "an ominous s t e p " toward s i t u a t i o n of 1930s, "when most of t h e major d i s c o v e r i e s i n fundamental science were made i n Europe. " (science, 7/5/68, 11-19; Sullivan, NYT, 7/7/68, 1.7 - �J u l y 5: JF'L s c i e n t i s t D r . Robert Nathan, who had devised method using computers t o improve spacecraft photos of moon and Mars, planned t o l i n k computers with e l e c t r o n microscopes t o photograph a s i n g l e atom. Within s i x months much of connection work should be done, he s a i d , and "with luck, we could be t a k i n g p i c t u r e s of atoms i n a year o r so. " ( ~ i g h t o n , Glendale News-Press, 7/5/68, 1 ) . NASA awarded 16-mo, $178,844 cost-plus-fixed-fee c o n t r a c t t o Lockheed M i s s i l e s & Space Co. f o r computer sof'tware required t o operate NASA/ RECON remote-console information r e t r i e v a l system. Consoles would be i n s t a l l e d a t f i e l d c e n t e r s and NASA. Hq. and l i n k e d t o c e n t r a l computer a t NASA S c i e n t i f i c and Technical Information F a c i l i t y i n College Park, Md. They would provide real-time access t o NASA's worldwide c o l l e c t i o n of s c i e n t i f i c and t e c h n i c a l documents on aerospace. Users would need no s p e c i a l s k i l l . (NASARelease 68-118) . FCC r u l e d t h a t r a t e s charged t e l e v i s i o n networks f o r overseas s e r v i c e v i a s a t e l l i t e were not excessive and t h a t companies providing service-AT&T, RCA Communications, I n c . , ITT World Communications, I n c . , and Western Union International--were no longer r e q u i r e d t o place payments f o r s e r v i c e s i n d e f e r r e d c r e d i t fund. (AP,E,7/7/68, 1 0 ) . Danish government announced it had banned U. S. rocket f l i g h t s t o probe sunspot e f f e c t s a t high a l t i t u d e s over Greenland during 1968 because of popular apprehension which followed January c r a s h of nuclear-armed U W B-52 a i r c r a f t near Thule AFB. Disappointed s c i e n t i s t s noted 1968 was peak i n l l - y r sunspot cycle; 1969 would o f f e r hardly enough sunspots f o r study. ( C Trib, 7/6/68, 5) . Sonic booms from U W t e s t f l i g h t s were t h r e a t e n i n g p r e h i s t o r i c Indian c l i f f dwellings and n a t u r a l rock formations i n Arizona. Log kept a t Canyon de Chelly National Monument a t request of National Park Service had recorded 16 booms i n A p r i l 1967, 19 i n A p r i l 1968, and 20 i n May 1968. Booms dropped t o 9 i n June 1968. Natural Environment Panel, p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n Interagency A i r c r a f t Noise Abatement Program under DOT, planned t o p l a c e d a t a recorders a t f o u r n a t i o n a l parks, Yellowstone, Yosemite, Bryce, and Mesa Verde, t o e x t r a c t information on which t o base p l e a f o r "adjustment" from USAJ?. ( ~ l u m e n t h a l ,NYT 7/5/68, 1 1 ) -, . I n d i c a t i o n by West German Chancellor Kurt G. Kiesinger t h a t h i s government would seek U.S. guarantee a g a i n s t U.S.S.R. nuclear aggression before accepting n o n p r o l i f e r a t i o n t r e a t y was confirmed by U.S. o f f i c i a l s . They s a i d West German request was based p a r t l y on f e a r NATO might �J u l y 5 (continued) expire before 25-yr t r e a t y , leaving Bonn exposed, and p a r t l y on West Germany's l a c k of confidence i n U.N. S e c u r i t y Council e f f i c a c y i n emergency. ( ~ h a b e c o f f ,NYT, 7/6/68, 1, 3) High q u a l i t y weather d a t a was moved from Suitland, Md., J u l y 5-12: by wire t o NIISAts Mojave, C a l i f . , r e l a y s t a t i o n from whence it was beamed, f o r f i r s t time, t o s t a t i o n s i n t h e Netherlands and West Germany v i a NASAt s ATS I11 Applications Technology S a t e l l i t e . Transmissions, including cloud maps, c h a r t s , and photo-mosaics, were received " i n good form," according t o Environmental Science Services Administration. WEFAX (weather Facsimile ~ x p e r i m e n)t proj e c t was p a r t of World Weather Watch program t o develop economical worldwide weather d a t a d i s t r i b u t i o n system. Further experiments scheduled f o r September included r e l a y v i a ATS I11 of weather d a t a t o more t h a n 150 Automatic P i c t u r e ~ransmis-) stations i n 30 countries. (ESSA Release ES 68-43, UPI, NYT, 7/19/68, 35; W S t a r , 7/24/68, ~ 1 4 ) July 6: Ninth Molniya I comsat, Molniya 1-9, was launched by U. S. S. R. t o "ensure t h e o p e r a t i o n of t h e long-range system of. communication" and TV transmission t o f a r northern and f a r e a s t e r n U.S.S.R., accordi n g t o Tass. O r b i t a l parameters: apogee, 39,307 lun (24,422.3 mi) ; perigee, 882 km (548 mi); period, 11 h r 54 min; and i n c l i n a t i o n , 65O. Equipment, including instruments f o r transmission, command, and s a t e l l i t e operation, was functioning normally. (AP, E,7/9/68, SBD, 7/10/68, 26; GSFC SSR, 7/31/68) 6; - .. - . Japanese astronomer Minori Honda of Kurashiki Astronomical Observatory, Okayama, discovered new comet south of Capella i n Auriga c o n s t e l l a t i o n . Tokyo Astronomical Observatory s a i d J u l y 1 4 discovery had been confirmed by t h r e e American observatories. comet-was named ~ o n d aComet No. 6. (AP, C Trib, 7/15/68) . DOD r e l e a s e d A p r i l 24 testimony before Senate Committee on Armed S e r v i c e s ' Preparedness I n v e s t i g a t i n g Subcommittee. D r . John S. F o s t e r , Jr. D i r e c t o r of Defense Research and Engineering, had s a i d F-111A wings had broken o f f during Jan. 23 ground test--under l o a d g r e a t e r t h a n expected i n f l i g h t but l e s s t h a n s t i p u l a t e d 5%-overload s a f e t y margin--before i n t r o d u c t i o n i n t o Vietnam combat, where a i r c r a f t had operated under protective restrictions. On previous day, J o i n t Chiefs of S t a f f Chairman Gen. E a r l G. Wheeler (USA), when asked i f he had become apprehensive about U. S. s u r v i v a l , �J u l y 6 (continued) capacity i f t r e n d s of some U.S. p o l i c i e s continued, had r e p l i e d affimatively: I submit. . t h e y do not n e c e s s a r i l y have t o continue because] t h e s e t r e n d s a r e not i r r e v e r s i b l e . " Gen. Wheeler and o t h e r J o i n t Chiefs had been anxious t o proceed with new ICBM development and deployment of F-12 f o r c e p l u s f u l l m i s s i l e i n t e r c e p t i o n system, none of which had been included i n FY 1969 DOD budget. General Dynamics President Frank W. Davis l a t e r termed t y p e of ground t e s t i n g which r e p o r t e d l y broke wings o f f USKF F-11U "normal." T e s t s , he i n d i c a t e d , were made t o determine s t r e s s l i m i t a t i o n s . "We 've had no f a i l u r e s . a t s t r e s s simulation t o be expected i n combat." T r a n s c r i p t ; Kelly, W S t a r , 7/7/68, A3; AP, W Post, 7/7/68, A22; 7 8/68, A.15; Corddry, B Sun, 7/7/68, 1 ) ...[ "... . .. - . Washington Evening S t a r e d i t o r i a l p r a i s e d USAF C-5 Galaxy j e t a i r c r a f t 'According t o Tom [T.R. ] and i t s "impressive l1 c i v i l i a n p o t e n t i a l : May, Lockheed's p r e s i d e n t , a l l t h e experimental evidence i n d i c a t e s t h e r e a r e v i r t u a l l y no engineering l i m i t a t i o n s t o b u i l d i n g s t r i k i n g l y l a r g e r C-5s t h a n t h o s e scheduled," but i t s c o m e r c i a l use would cause " I f t h e Galaxy i s t o become a passenger and baggage congestion. commercial plane, then, a t t h e most, only a t h i r d of i t s space should Although [ ~ a y be f o r passengers; t h e r e s t should be f o r cargo. i s ] confident t h a t bigger and bigger C-5s can be made, he doubts t h a t t h e world i s ready f o r them. We doubt it, t o o . " (W 7-S t a r 7/6/68) . .. Melbourne, F l a . , engineer Duane Brown had applied f o r p a t e n t J u l y 7: on Survey S a t e l l i t e (SURSAT) system of f o u r low-cost s a t e l l i t e s which would enable surveyors t o p l o t boundaries, r o u t e highways, make maps, and monitor e a r t h ' s c r u s t t o accuracies of a few inches. System included r e g i o n a l center f o r processing survey d a t a and p o r t a b l e r e c e i v i n g and recording u n i t s f o r f i e l d use and could be o p e r a t i o n a l by mid-1970s, Brown said. (WI, W -9S t a r 7/7/68, ~ 7 ) , . Successful t e s t - f i r i n g of Phoebus 2A, world's most powerful r e a c t o r , June 26 might have been c a t a l y s t needed t o b r i n g DOD i n t o p a r t n e r s h i p w i t h NASA and AEC i n development of nuclear energy f o r space propulsion, Frank Macomber wrote i n San Diego Union. Not only was USAF becoming i n t e r e s t e d i n m i l i t a r y a p p l i c a t i o n s f o r nuclear engine, so were s c i e n t i s t s and engineers representing aerospace industry. Phoebus f i r i n g would be followed i n f a l l by f i r s t t e s t of smaller NERVA XE-1 nuclear engine. Both were v i t a l phases of NASA-AEC Rover program. (SD Union, 7/7/68, 1 2 ) �J u l y 7: Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co. announced plans f o r new Guppy, 4,000-lb, low-cost , undersea research vehicle t o be t e t h e r e d t o surface ship by e l e c t r i c cable and capable of carrying two men t o 2,000-ft depth f o r up t o 48 hr. Spherical g l a s s f i b e r and s t e e l vehicle would be economical enough f o r c a p i t a l investment r a t h e r than l e a s i n g arrangement. F i r s t vehicle would be completed i n March 1969. (E, 7/8/68, 66) . France began 1968 nuclear t e s t s e r i e s with detonation of conventional atomic warhead over Mururoa A t o l l i n t h e Pacific. Device was f i r e d t o t e s t complex measuring instruments i n s t a l l e d f o r t e s t s scheduled t o culminate i n explosion of France ' s f i r s t hydrogen bomb. (UPI, N f l , 7/7/68, 7; W Post, 7/8/68, A121 - J u l y 8: D r . Robert C. Seamans, Jr. , Special Consultant t o NASA Admini s t r a t o r , had been elected t o board of t r u s t e e s of Aerospace Corp. ( ~ e r o s p a c eRelease ; SBD, 7/8/68, 10) . Approximately 36 Soviet A i r Force f l i g h t s involving more than 85 bombers had been i d e n t i f i e d o f f t h e northern coasts of North America during f i r s t h a l f of 1968, s i x times t h e scale of operations reported during l a s t h a l f of 1967,according t o Charles W. Corddry i n Baltimore Sun. I n a l l these expeditions, sources reported, Soviet a i r c r a f t had cruised over i n t e r n a t i o n a l waters giving no evidence of h o s t i l e i n t e n t . DOD reportedly considered f l i g h t s routine. ( B -3Sun 6/9/68, 1) . In joint communique, D r . Donald F. Hornig, Special Assistant t o t h e President f o r Science and Technology, and Alexandru Birlandeanu, member of Romanian Politburo touring U.S. s c i e n t i f i c i n s t i t u t i o n s , announced agreement whereby Romania would broaden s c i e n t i f i c and technological t i e s with U.S., including exchange of s c i e n t i s t s and possible collaboration i n atomic energy f i e l d . Romania had asked U.S. f o r t e c h n i c a l and f i n a n c i a l a i d toward construction of i t s f i r s t nuclear power plant by 1973. NYT, 7/9/68, 1) - rose, . New York Times e d i t o r i a l on June 21 emergency meeting of s c i e n t i s t s t o p r o t e s t cuts i n Federal support f o r basic research: "...deep slashes i n basic research funds a r e l i k e l y t o be extremely c o s t l y i n t h e years ahead. The fundamental lesson of t h e h i s t o r y of science i s t h a t basic research i s t h e indispensable seed bed f o r a l l f u t u r e technology, t h e ultimate source of t h e new wealth and o f t h e improved capacity t o save l i v e s t h a t f u t u r e technology could bring Those i n Congress and t h e Executive Branch who .... �J u l y 8 (continued) a r e now applying t h e axe t o Government spending would be wise t o proceed a s g e n t l y a s p o s s i b l e i n t h i s small a r e a t h a t i s so e s s e n t i a l f o r t h e n a t i o n ' s f u t u r e . " (E, 7/8/68, 36) . NASA Associate Administrator f o r Manned Space F l i g h t D r . George E. Mueller addressed j o i n t meeting of American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and Astron a u t i c s (AN) and Canadian Aeronautics and Space I n s t i t u t e (CASI) i n Montreal: Systems engineering concept applied t o management "was pioneered and developed i n aerospace programs and i s being i n c r e a s i n g l y applied a s a powerful t o o l i n t h e management of o t h e r major e n t e r p r i s e s . " I n NASA most extensive a p p l i c a t i o n was i n Apollo program. F a c t o r s unique t o manned space f l i g h t had contributed t o management approach, including "sheer s i z e of Apollo program, l a r g e r i n . . . l e a d time, money, organization and technological development t h a n any previous program." S p e c i a l f e a t u r e was high r e l i a b i l i t y and s a f e t y required. And space program had been executed under s c r u t i n y of p r e s s , public, Congress, and s c i e n t i f i c community. Weight and volume budgeting were c r i t i c a l . High c o s t of f l i g h t t e s t i n g space v e h i c l e s made maximum ground t e s t i n g necessary,_ a s w e l l a s a l l - u p (concurrent r a t h e r t h a n s e q u e n t i a l ) f l i g h t t e s t i n g . Vehicle was a s complete a s p r a c t i c a b l e f o r each f l i g h t , t o o b t a i n maximum i n f o r mation from minimum number of f l i g h t s and provide e a r l i e s t p o s s i b l e system readiness. Open-ended mission concept was used t o accomplish a s many f l i g h t o b j e c t i v e s p e r v e h i c l e a s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h s a f e t y and mission success. Review of s t a t u s throughout mission determined l e n g t h of mission. Redundant, o r a l t e r n a t e , means of o p e r a t i o n reduced a b i l i t y of s i n g l e f a i l u r e t o endanger crew o r mission. Prime design consideration i n a l l manned space f l i g h t s was s a f e t y . (~ext; UPI, H Chron, 7/10/68) . NASA board i n v e s t i g a t i n g f a t a l accident a t North American Rockwell Corp. ' s , Downey, C a l i f . , p l a n t Oct. 5, 1967, had found t h a t l a b o r a t o r y employees had ignored important s a f e t y procedures. "Most probable cause" of explosion which had k i l l e d two workmen and i n j u r e d 11 was, " f r i c t i o n a l o r impact f o r c e c r e a t e d while barium-Freon TF s l u r r y was being t r a n s f e r r e d from a l a b o r a t o r y container t o a shipping c o n t a i n e r . " Although IWR had i s s u e d s a f e t y i n s t r u c t i o n r e q u i r i n g barium--used i n NASA. sounding rocket experiments--be handled only under dry argon atmosphere, it had been washed and sieved i n open a i r . Board recommended f u l l r e c o g n i t i o n of chemical hazards of combining metals and chemicals such a s Freon TF and upgrading of precautions, manuals, and procedures. NAR had a l t e r e d procedures, would process barium only under remote control. (NASA Release 68-122; AP, NYT, 7/9/68, 27) �J u l y 8: Inauguration of d i r e c t a i r s e r v i c e between New York and Moscow had been s e t f o r "on o r a f t e r J u l y 15" by l e t t e r s between U.S. Moscow Embassy and U.S.S.R. Foreign Ministry. Soviet a i r l i n e Aeroflot announced 11-62 j e t a i r c r a f t service would s t a r t from Moscow J u l y 15. U.S. c a r r i e r Pan American World Airways expected t o s t a r t Boeing 707 s e r v i c e from New York same date. B i l a t e r a l a i r agreement of Nov. 4, 1966, had s t i p u l a t e d once-weekly r e t u r n f l i g h t s over 4,700-mi route. May 6, 1968, agreement added intermediate stop a t Montreal, Copenhagen, Stockholm, o r London, with c a r r i e r s having option t o change i n t e r mediate p o i n t a t six-month i n t e r v a l s . Fares had been s e t a t $1,109 f i r s t c l a s s r e t u r n , $730 economy r e t u r n , with $429 economy one way during peak swnmer season. (CAB Docket 6489; S t a t e Dept Release 94; AP, NYT, 7/9/68, 65; Ward, B Sun, 7/9/68, 1; AP, W Post, 7/9/68, ~ 1 5 ) - J u l y 8-9: Two major s o l a r f l a r e s were detected within 25-hr i n t e r v a l by U. S. Space Disturbance Forecast Center s c i e n t i s t s i n Boulder, Colo. F i r s t had i n t e r f e r e d with short-wave transmissions worldwide, according t o ESSA Chief of Forecast Services, Robert Doeker; second had seemed weaker although no f i r m r e p o r t s on d i s r u p t i o n s had been received. S c i e n t i s t s were watching f o r e f f e c t of cloud of e l e c t r o n s spawned by f i r s t s o l a r flare, b i g e s t and b r i g h t e s t since 1966. (AP, LA Her-Exam, 7/10/68; AP, NYT, 7/10 68, 17) - 7 J u l y 9: B r i t i s h p h y s i c i s t Samuel Tolansky, appointed a s p e c i a l i n v e s t i g a t o r f o r Apollo program, had p r e d i c t e d discovery of i n d u s t r i a l diamonds among 40 l b of matter Apollo spacecraft would b r i n g back from moon. Theory was based on supposition t h a t l u n a r c r a t e r s had been caused by meteor impact o r volcanic eruptions producing shock waves. "You can c r e a t e diamonds by passing a shock wave through carbon," he s a i d . Pasadena Independent, "And t h e r e has t o be carbon on t h e moon. " (MA, 7/9/68> . Lockheed M i s s i l e s & Space Co. s c i e n t i s t s were studying use of small charcoal beds t o remove contaminants i n space capsules where p o l l u t i o n hazards had been found t o be "more s e r i o u s t h a n t h o s e f o r t h e man on t h e s t r e e t . " Studies had i s o l a t e d 150 contaminants, most of which could be extremely t o x i c . (WSJ, 7/9/68, 23) . President Johnson t r a n s m i t t e d "Treaty on t h e Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons " t o Senate f o r r a t i f i c a t i o n and u r g e n t l y recommended t h a t Senate h he t r e a t y , l' he "move s w i f t l y " t o enhance U. S. and world s e c u r i t y . s a i d , "does more t h a n j u s t p r o h i b i t t h e spread of nuclear weapons. It would a l s o promote t h e f u r t h e r development of nuclear energy f o r peaceful �J u l y 9 (continued) purposes under safeguards.'' Treaty had been passed by U.N. General Assembly June 1 2 and opened f o r s i g n a t u r e J u l y 1. (PD, 7/15/68, 1090-2) . With Senate Foreign Relations Committee scheduled t o open hearings on n u c l e a r n o n p r o l i f e r a t i o n t r e a t y J u l y 10, none of t h e seven "threshhold nations, 'I nonnuclear a s y e t but capable o f producing atomic weapons, had signed, s a i d Washington P o s t ' s Chalmers M. Roberts. West Germany was hedging. There had been "vague t a l k " of a d d i t i o n a l U. S. guarantee although President Johnson, a t German r e q u e s t , had repeated U. S commitment t o honor it s o b l i g a t i o n s under e x i s t i n g NATO a l l i a n c e ; Japan was waiting outcome of i t s J u l y 7 e l e c t i o n s ; I n d i a had s a i d i n A p r i l it would not sign; I s r a e l was expected t o s i g n now t h a t i t s enemies, Egypt, Syria, and I r a q had signed; Sweden's signing would be delayed by summer holidays u n t i l August; and Switzerland would seek more inform'ation. It was b e l i e v e d she would p r e f e r t o see West Germany and I t a l y s i g n f i r s t ; Canadian s i g n a t u r e was expected s h o r t l y . Thus f a r 62 n a t i o n s had signed t r e a t y , including 3 of 5 nuclear powers, U.S., U.K., and U.S.S.R.; Communist China and France would not sign. I t a l y , Belgium, t h e Netherlands, and Luxembourg had i s s u e d statement saying t h e y would s i g n soon. Spain and South A f r i c a had y e t t o sign; P a k i s t a n had been key organizer of conference of nonnuclear n a t i o n s t o open i n Geneva Aug. 29 t o consider t r e a t y ' s implications. B r a z i l w a s opposed t o t r e a t y on grounds it would impede i t s peaceful use of nuclear explosives and Argentina would not s i g n without B r a z i l . Treaty would become e f f e c t i v e with s i g n a t u r e of t h r e e nuclear powers and r a t i f i c a t i o n by 40 o t h e r nations. ( ~ o b e r t s ,W Post, 7/9/68, 1 ) . . Fixed-wing SST design aerodynamically s i m i l a r t o one unsuccessfully submitted t o USAF by Boeing i n 1957 XB-70 competition but f e a t u r i n g more titanium, new f l i g h t c o n t r o l system, and more powerful turboj e t s was presented t o customer a i r l i n e s a t FAA SST program b r i e f i n g . Model was undergoing wind-tunnel t e s t s t o determine i t s a b i l i t y t o exceed mach 1 without p e r c e p t i b l e sonic boom. (~off'man,W Post, 7/9/68, 1 ) �NASA issued Apollo S t a t u s Summary: Saturn I B launch v e h i c l e July 10: was undergoing propulsion subsystem checks a t Launch Complex 34. Apollo 7 spacecraft was being prepared f o r unmanned a l t i t u d e chamber t e s t s a t 210,000 f t f o r 1 5 h r . I f successful, manned t e s t s might be scheduled t o begin J u l y 15 with Astronauts Walter M. S c h i r r a , Jr., Donn F. E i s e l e , and R. Walter Cunningham i n command module. I n ~~ollo/~atu 503 r n program, combined systems t e s t s would continue through mid-July on Lunar Module 3. On J u l y 8 and 9, nine a s t r o n a u t s had taken p a r t i n l i f e support t r a i n i n g f o r a i r c r a f t p i l o t s a t P e r r i n AFB, Tex. They were second astronaut group t o a t t e n d t h e USAF course. Vibration t e s t i n g of e n t i r e Apollo spacecraft s t a c k assembled i n launch configuration was continuing a t MSC. Doctors and engineers from MSC would p a r t i c i p a t e i n Third Annual Meeting of Assn. f o r t h e Advancement of Medical Instrumentation a t Houston, J u l y 16-17. I n Apollo spacecraft loading t e s t s , drogue parachutes would be t e s t e d within s e v e r a l days a t Naval A i r F a c i l i t y , Calif., with 13,000-lb t e s t v e h i c l e dropped from a i r c r a f t a t 46,000-ft a l t i t u d e , subjecting parachutes t o "ultimate loads" i n r e e f e d condition before t h e y opened f u l l y . Drop, a r e p e a t of previous t e s t which f a i l e d , was t o complete v e r i f i c a t i o n t e s t s e r i e s which had begun i n 1967. Last of seven b o i l e r p l a t e v e r i f i c a t i o n t e s t s of modified e a r t h landing system had been successf u l l y completed J u l y 3. Only one of two drogue parachutes and two of t h r e e main parachutes had been deployed t o simulate a "worst case" of h i g h - a l t i t u d e abort condition. ( ~ e x t ) . Cosmos CCXXXI was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome by U.S. S.R. i n t o o r b i t with 391-km (243-mi) apogee, 206-km (128-mi) perigee, 89.6min period, and 64.9' i n c l i n a t i o n . Equipment functioned normally and s p a c e c r a f t reentered J u l y 18. ( ~ 1 W, mr, 7/11/68, A5; UPI, NYT, 7/12/68, 7; E,7/12/68, 41; GSFC SSR, 7/15/68, 7/31/68) - - . Soviet S t a l i n P r i z e p h y s i c i s t Prof. Andrey D. Sakharov, c o n t r i b u t o r t o development of U.S.S.R. hydrogen bomb, had i s s u e d p l e a f o r f u l l cooperation, and worldwide i n t e l l e c t u a l freedom, U.S.-U.S.S.R. r e j e c t i o n of "demagogic myths, " i n unpublished essay e n t i t l e d �Jul 10 (continued) *ughts About Progress, Peaceful Coexistence and I n t e l l e c t u a l Freedom," which was circulating i n Moscow. Expressing f e a r t h a t world was on t h e brink of d i s a s t e r , he urged worldwide implementat i o n of s c i e n t i f i c method and freedom of thought i n p o l i t i c s , economic planning and management, education, a r t s , and m i l i t a r y a f f a i r s and denounced Soviet censorship. "The salvation of mankind requires i n t e l l e c t u a l freedom--freedom t o obtain and d i s t r i b u t e information, freedom f o r unprejudiced and unfearing debate, and freedom from intimidation by officialdom. Such freedom of thought i s t h e only guarantee against an i n f e c t i o n of mankind by mass myths which...can be transformed i n t o bloody d i c t a t o r s h i p . I n t e l l e c t u a l freedom i s t h e only guarantee of a scientific-democratic approach t o p o l i t i c s , economic development and culture. I' ( ~ n d esron, -3NYT 7/W68, 1 ) . DOD formally ordered work stoppage on F-111B (USN version) development work being conducted by General Dynamics Corp. Action followed Congressional cuts of $460 million i n program. ( ~ e n e r a Dynamics l PIO; SBD, 7/11/68, 30) . Chrysler Corp. engineers and technicians s t a t i c - f i r e d Saturn I B booster i n 35-sec run a t East Test Area, MSFC. Booster was scheduled f o r l t a r , 7/17/68, 1) rull-duration, 2$--min run J u l y 25. ( ~ a r s h a l S . Sen. , Eugene J. McCarthy (D-Minn. ) candidate f o r Democratic nomination f o r President, i n p o s i t i o n paper urged t h a t U. S. delay deployment of Sentinel ABM system and Poseidon and Minuteman I11 m i s s i l e s t o f a c i l i t a t e agreement with U.S.S.R. on defensive and offensive armament l i m i t a t i o n . Delay would not jeopardize U.S. security, he said, since n e i t h e r Chinese nuclear t h r e a t nor Soviet ABM development i s "moving ahead perceptibly.t' Paper was prepared by Harvard Univ. chemistry professor D r . George B. Kistiakowsky and MIT Provost D r . Jerome B. Wiesner. ex%; Kenworthy, NYT, 7/11/68, 25 ; 7/11/68, ~8439-42) - g, J u l y 10-12: Hearings were held by Senate Foreign Relations Committee and Senate members of J o i n t Committee on Atomic Energy on U.S. r a t i f i c a t i o n of nuclear nonproliferation t r e a t y . Secretary of S t a t e Dean Rusk affirmed t r e a t y would bind U.S. t o no more atomic defense action than already s e t f o r t h i n e x i s t i n g t r e a t i e s and by membership i n U.N. Security Council. Gen. E a r l G. Wheeler, Chairman, J o i n t Chiefs of S t a f f , and Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul H. Nitze i n j o i n t testimony s a i d U. S. would give up nothing under terms of t r e a t y but would benefit from major �J u l y 10-12 (continued) s t e p t o reduce t e n s i o n s . They assured Committee t h a t U.S. planned no s p e c i a l agreement with West Germany t o guarantee i t s p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t AP, NYT, 7/11/68, 16; Roberts W Post, 7/11/68, nuclear invasion. 68, T ~ h e r m a n ,W S t a r , 7/12/6A l l ; UPI, NYT, - - J u l y 11: USAF s u c c e s s f u l l y launched OV 1-17 and OV 1-16 r e s e a r c h s a t e l l i t e s pickaback from Vandenberg AFB by Atlas-F booster. OV 1-15 e n t e r e d o r b i t w i t h 1307b.4-mi (1,729-km) apogee, 93.8-mi (151-km) perigee, 103.8-min period, and 89.8' i n c l i n a t i o n . OV 1-16 nicknamed "Cannonball, " was 600-lb, 23-in-dia Low A l t i t u d e Density S a t e l l i t e (LOADS)launched t o measure atmospheric d e n s i t y between 90- and 110-mi a l t i t u d e s f o r 25-30 days. Densest s a t e l l i t e U.S. had o r b i t e d , OV 1-16 had 162-lb-per-cu-ft d e n s i t y , which enabled it t o o r b i t c l o s e r t o e a r t h t h a n any previous spacecraft. O r b i t a l parameters: apogee, 315.6 m i (508 km) ; perigee, 88.2 m i (142 km) ; period, 91 min; and i n c l i n a t i o n , 89.7O. OV 1-16 reentered Aug. 22. (~'~oolW e ,Post, 7/12/68, A 2 l ; SBD, 7/15168,44; GSFC SSR, 7/15/68, 8/31/68) . DOD d i r e c t i v e t h a t General Dynamics Corp. h a l t development of USN F-111B a i r c r a f t because of weight problem would not a f f e c t USAF1s F-11I.A program o r Hughes A i r c r a f t Co. development of Phoenix a i r - t o a i r m i s s i l e , which presumably would be i n s t a l l e d i n replacement a i r c r a f t , Wall S t r e e t J o u r n a l reported. Of l 7 F-111B prototypes planned, 8 had been produced and 6 d e l i v e r e d (one of which had crashed). General Dynamics was u n c e r t a i n how many of remaining nine would be completed. USN had o r i g i n a l l y requested 30 a i r c r a f t . (FTSJ, 7/11/68, 29) . S e c r e t a r y of Defense Clark M. C l i f f o r d announced USN would proceed with c o n s t r u c t i o n of one of two advanced nuclear submarines advocated by V/A Hyman G. Rickover t o combat Soviet submarine t h r e a t . Authorizat i o n was f o r "super high-speed" version; "quiet" electric-powered c r a f t was s t i l l under consideration though i t s development had been stopped i n May. Congressional committees had supported.Adm. Rickover and urged development of both types. ale, NYT, 7/12/68, 1; Kelly, W S t a r , 7/12/68, ~ 5 ) J u l y 12: Last USN f l y i n g boat, SP-5B Martin Marlin, was formally r e t i r e d from a c t i v e s e r v i c e and turned over t o Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n a t ceremony a t U. S. Naval A i r S t a t i o n , Patuxent Md. A i r c r a f t would be placed i n proposed National Armed Forces Museum. (CR, - 7/18/68, ~ 6 6 7 1 ) , �J u l y 12: D r . Stephen B. Sweeney, governmental, administrat i o n professor a t Univ. of Pennsylvania's Wharton School and Executive Director Emeritus of Univ.'s F e l s I n s t i t u t e of Local and S t a t e Government, and D r . Harold Asher, manager of General E l e c t r i c Co.'s TEMPO s e c t i o n and former Deputy A s s i s t a n t Secretary of Defense, had been sworn i n a s c o n s u l t a n t s t o NASA Administrator James E. Webb. D r . Sweeny would s p e c i a l i z e i n u n i v e r s i t y a f f a i r s , public administration, and applicat i o n of science and technology t o urban problems. D r . Asher would review and znalyze NASA' s systems f o r resource management. (NASA Release 68-124; AP, - 7/15/68, Alg) J u l y 13: USAF C-5 Galaxy j e t a i r c r a f t , flown by Lockheed-Georgia Co. t e s t p i l o t Walter E. Hensleigh, completed successful 2-hr 44-min second f l i g h t with t a k e o f f weight of 520,000-lb--believed t o , be 1 0 t o n s heavier t h a t any previous a i r c r a f t t a k e o f f weight. During ascent t o 1,000 ft, crew cut each of f o u r GE TF39 engines i n d i v i d u a l l y and r e s t a r t e d them i n a i r . Auxiliary u n i t s a l s o underwent c u t - r e s t a r t checks. (AP, W -3S t a r 7/14/68, 1 4 ) . FB-11lA, bomber v e r s i o n of F-111, s u c c e s s f u l l y completed 30-min maiden f l i g h t from Carswell AYB, Tex., reaching 20,000-ft a l t i t u d e and up t o 660 mph, DOD announced. Equipped with advanced avionics, including onboard computers enabling p i l o t s t o a l t e r missions i n f l i g h t automatically, FB-lllA's design incorporated b a s i c f u s e l a g e of USAT F-11lA t a c t i c a l f i g h t e r r e c e n t l y grounded a f t e r t h r e e crashes i n Southesst Asia. (DODRelease 652-68; AP, W S t a r , 7/14/68, A2; AP, W Post, 7/14/68, ~ 5 ) . Team of NASA and Max Planck I n s t i t u t e s c i e n t i s t s completed 28-day t o u r of Argentina, Chile, Netherlands A n t i l l e s , Peru, and Venezuela, where t h e y had explored p o t e n t i a l s i t e s f o r o p t i c a l observation of higha l t i t u d e ionized cloud experiment proposed a s cooperative p r o j e c t of German Ministry f o r S c i e n t i f i c Research and NASA. Release of barium vapor a t 12,000- t o 20,000-ft a l t i t u d e s by Scout rocket launched from NASA Wallops S t a t i o n was being considered. Barium cloud would be v i s i b l e from l a r g e a r e a of Western Hemisphere. (NASA Release 68-121) J u l y 14: U.S. and U.S. S.R. had exchanged p r i v a t e messages which r a i s e d hope i n i t i a l t a l k s on l i m i t i n g nuclear m i s s i l e s would begin i n few weeks, according t o Geneva sources quoted by Washington P o s t ' s Murrey Marder. Possible o b s t a c l e was Warsaw meeting of .U. S. S. R. and Eastern European o f f i c i a l s over ~ z e c h o s l o v a k i a nadvance towaid l i b e r a l i z a t i o n . U.S.-U.S.S.R. accord on nuclear m i s s i l e production �J u l y 1 4 (continued) presumably would i n t e r a c t on Soviet s t r e n g t h i n Eastern Europe weakening it a s East-West t e n s i o n subsided. Soviet Foreign Minister Andrey A. Gromyko and Premier Alexey N. Kosygin, i n r e c e n t speeches, had implied t h a t secure Soviet v e r s i o n of s t a t u s quo i n Eastern Europe was a c r i t i c a l p r e r e q u i s i t e f o r f u r t h e r reduction of i n t e r n s t i o n a l tension. (W Post, 7/15/68, Al) . George Alexander reviewed i n Washington Post E r i k Bergaust's Murder on Pad 34, s t o r y of Jan. q ,1967, Apollo f i r e . Book was "charact e r i z e d by sloppy e r r o r s of omission and c o m i s s i o n , innuendo and p o i n t l e s s n e s s , " Alexander said. "It was good fortune, nothing e l s e , t h a t t h e various mechanical flaws and human f a u l t s t h a t occurred i n the Mercury and Gemini programs d i d not coincide...as t h e y d i d i n s i d e Apollo-one. Foresight t r i e s t o prevent such coincidence, b u t . . . not a l l p o s s i b l e coincidence can be foreseen. ... Accidents...will happen. And t h e searching i n v e s t i g a t i o n conducted by t h e National Aeronautics and Space Administration i n t o Apollo-one could f i n d no ~ook evidence t h a t t h e f a t a l f i r e was anything but an accident ." (World, W Post, 7/14/68, 4-5) ... President Johnson formally asked Senate t o r a t i f y space rescue J u l y 15: t r e a t y endorsed by U.N. General Assembly Dec. 19, 1967, and signed by 43 n a t i o n s A p r i l 22, terming it "another s t e p toward s t a b l e peace on t h i s t h r e a t e n e d e a r t h . " Astronaut a s s i s t a n c e and r e t u r n agreement looked "beyond t h e o l d d i v i s i o n s of h i s t o r y and ideology t o recognize t h e challenge of comon p e r i l and t h e b e n e f i t s of comon a c t i o n . . . . Our laws and t r e a t i e s must always keep pace with our science. But t h e value of t h i s Agreement goes beyond t h e p r o t e c t i o n it o f f e r s t o t h o s e who venture i n t o space. " It a l s o "helps p r o t e c t t h e peace of t h i s planet.. Surely two nations who a s p i r e t o t h e s t a r s can r e a l i z e t h e comon danger and a c t i n t h e common i n t e r e s t h e r e on e a r t h . " ( ~ e x t ;W post; 7/16/68, A9; Ap, W S t a r , 7/16/68, A8; Nordlinger, B ~ & 7 / 1 6 / 6 8 , 1) .. - . Harvard College Observatory s c i e n t i s t s D r . George R. Huguenin and D r . J. H. Taylor became f i r s t U.S. s c i e n t i s t s t o i d e n t i f y a new p u l s a r when t h e y discovered HP 1506 i n northern sky near L i t t l e Dipper. P u l s a r , s i m i l a r t o f o u r p u l s a r s discovered i n 1967 by U.K. s c i e n t i s t s , had p u l s e r a t e of onewery 0.7397 sec, e a c h - l a s t i n g 0.020 sec. Pulse r a t e of o t h e r f o u r p u l s a r s ranged from 0.25 t o 1 . 4 sec, with each pulse l a s t i n g 0.020 sec. Harvard s c i e n t i s t s used National Radio Astronomy Observatory antenna a t Green Bank, W. Va. ( ~ u l l i v a n , m, 7/19/68, 20) - �J u l y 15: NASA Administrator James E. Webb discussing implications of F Y 1969 budget reductions a t American Astronautical Society Symposium i n Denver, Colo., s a i d he did not f i n d public support f o r space program declining. Rather, "many people who i n t h e years following 1961 ascribed t o t h e space program a separate, s p e c i a l , t o p p r i o r i t y s t a t u s a r e now r e a l i z i n g , a s t h e n a t i o n a l leadership i n t h e space program has understood a l l along, t h a t t h e space program must be regarded a s only one of a number of e s s e n t i a l a c t i v i t i e s of high p r i o r i t y t o which t h e country must devote s u b s t a n t i a l resources.... The investments made i n NASA may w e l l add g r e a t l y t o t h e value of investments we w i l l have t o make i n t h e s e other fields " NASA was "very much i n business, and it w i l l s t a y i n business. We a r e accepting t h e challenge of t h e time and w i l l continue a h a r d - h i t t i n g , t e c h n i c a l l y sound program aimed a t t h e most important objectives of t h e f u t u r e . " But he described cutbacks a s w e l l a s elements of strength. "We a r e doing a l l we can t o avoid terminating completely such important a c t i v i t i e s a s t h e unmanned planetary exploratory program, but it i s not l i k e l y t h a t we w i l l be able t o proceed with t h e ~ i t a n l ~ a 1973 r s missions. " Saturn I Workshop would be delayed and, "for a number of y e a r s t o come, missions t o use t h e manned space f l i g h t c a p a b i l i t i e s developed i n t h e Apollo program w i l l be very l i m i t e d . " Reductions t o a budget already "sharply reduced w i l l have many very serious e f f e c t s on t h e U.S. p o s i t i o n i n aeronautics and space. They a r e only t h e most recent i n a s e r i e s of cutbacks and, i n e f f e c t , c o n s t i t u t e something l i k e f i n a l r a t i f i c a t i o n of a decision.. . t h a t t h e United S t a t e s w i l l not, a t t h i s time, t a k e t h e s t e p s necessary t o continue t h e advances of t h e recent years." Outlining NASA's program, Webb s a i d two flyby missions t o Mars i n 1969 were l a r g e l y paid f o r . "Even a t our reduced l e v e l s , I believe we can follow t h e 1969 missions with two o r b i t e r missions i n 1971, but w i l l probably have t o postpone f o r another year t h e s t a r t of work on t h e two Titan-launched o r b i t e r and lander missions which we had hoped t o f l y i n 1973." The 1969 missions "were i n i t i a t e d t h r e e o r more years ago. We a r e approaching t h e end of our approved f l i g h t programs. The number of new p r o j e c t s s t a r t e d each year has sharply dwindled since 1966 and we w i l l soon see years go by when we w i l l have very few f l i g h t s . We may see a gap of 2 years i n our manned f l i g h t program a f t e r t h e landing on t h e moon, and a second gap, equally long, a f t e r t h e Saturn I Workshop. "Perhaps t h e most fundamental decisions ahead l i e i n t h e f i e l d of l a r g e launch vehicles. Can we gap t h e production of Saturn V o r w i l l we have t o terminate i t ? " Question required reexamination of uses of T i t a n I11 and of possible development of new, l e s s c o s t l y launch vehicles. "Especially important" i n t h i s period was continuation of broad program of advanced research f o r f u t u r e n a t i o n a l needs, including broad u n i v e r s i t y program. ( ~ e x) t . �July 15 (continued) Sen. Gordon A l l o t t ( R - ~ o l o). a t U S meeting s a i d space program had created new yardstick of economics because of t h e expenditure of v a s t sums f o r new knowledge and experimentation. He s a i d t h e country should be c a r e f u l not t o confuse t h e economics of t h e market place with those of space. (CRY - 7/18/68, S8901; NASA LAR ~11/84a; Denver Post, 7/15/68 ) - - Martin Marietta Corp. planetary s c i e n t i s t Allan R. Barger, who was doing t h e o r e t i c a l work on balloon-b~rneVenus probe, t o l d AAS meeting U.S.S.R. data released a f t e r Oct. 18, 1967, Venus probe was i n c o r r e c t . Soviet report had s e t p l a n e t ' s surface temperature a t about 52OoF and surface pressure a t about 18 times t h a t on earth. Barger s a i d h i s conclusions, based on analysis of Soviet report and on data gathered by NASA' s Mariner V space probe a s it flew by Venus ' upper atmosphere, s e t planet ' s surf ace temperature a t about 8900F a n b p r e s s u r e - a t 100 o r more times t h a t on earth. ( ~ e n v e rPost, 7/15/68) . USAF's Arnold Engineering Development Center was with conducting research 5 million-w a r c heater t o determine temperature and pressure l i m i t a t ions of a b l a t i v e materials used t o prevent m i l i t a r y r e e n t r y vehicles from burning up on encountering e a r t h ' s atmosphere. M i l i t a r y r e e n t r y vehicles had t o withst and conditions similar t o high-speed r e e n t r y of i n t e r p l a n e t a r y vehicles on r e t u r n t o e a r t h , f a r more severe than those t o be met by lunar astronauts. Data had been produced f o r c i v i l i a n and m i l i t a r y agencies (AFSC Release 117.68) . . Food, land, and raw m a t e r i a l shortages might compel man t o e s t a b l i s h mining operations on other planets and t o grow food i n space s t a t i o n s , according t o D r . K. A. Ehricke, North American Rockwell Corp. s c i e n t i s t . He s a i d farms growing food i n chemicals could be establ i s h e d i n earth-orbiting s t a t i o n s f e r t i l i z e d by chemicals produced on Mars and other planets. (AP,G,7/15/68, 6 ) . France exploded nuclear device a t Mururoa A t o l l i n t h e P a c i f i c . Test was second i n 1968 s e r i e s believed designed t o perfect t r i g g e r f o r hydrogen bomb France planned t o explode i n 1968. F i r s t t e s t i n s e r i e s (~uly 7) had been protested by many countries concerned over increasing contamination of atmosphere. ( ~ e u t e r s ,NYT, 7/16/68, 7; UPI, W S t a r , 7/16/68) . Boyd C. Myers,II, NASA Deputy Associate Administrator f o r Operations, Office of Advanced Research and Technology, became NASA Deputy Assistant Administrator f o r Administration. (NASA Release 68-125;' JQ, NyT, 7/16/68, 7 ) �J u l y 15-16: Commercial a i r service between U. S. and U. S. S. R. was i n augurated with Moscow departure J u l y 15 of Ilyushin-62 a i r c r a f t belonging t o Soviet f l a g c a r r i e r Aeroflot. A i r c r a f t , carrying 97 Soviet o f f i c i a l s and commercial passengercjlanded a t Kennedy I n t e r nationa1Airpor-k i n New York J u l y 16, a f t e r 13-hr 17-min f l i g h t v i a Montreal (including 1 h r 35 min c i r c l i n g New York a r e a because of a i r t r a f f i c ) U. S. f l a g c a r r i e r , Pan American World Airways, f l e w two Boeing 707 a i r c r a f t from New York t o Moscow's Sheremetyevo Airport v i a Copenhagen J u l y 16. F i r s t c a r r i e d U.S. o f f i c i a l s and p r e s s ; second c a r r i e d revenue passengers. (W-5S t a r 7/15/68, A l l ; 7 7/16/68, A7; Witkin,. NYP, 7/16/68, 1; Anderson, E,7/17/68, 28) . July16: U.S.S.R. s u c c e s s f u l l y l a u n c h e d Cosmos CCXXXII i n t o o r b i t with 355-km (220.6-mi) apogee, 200-km (124.3-mi) perigee, 89.4-min period, and 65.3' i n c l i n a t i o n . Spacecraft reentered J u l y 24. (UPI, E,. 7/17/68, 30; GSFC SSR, 7/31/68) . Maj. William J. Knight (usAF) p i l o t e d X-15 No. 1 t o 218,500-ft a l t i t u d e and 3,409 mph (mach 4.74) i n f l i g h t from Edwards AFB. Objective of f l i g h t , exposure and s a t i s f a c t o r y r e t r a c t i o n of WTR experiment, was , n o t accomplished because abnormally low hydraulic pressure and severe v i b r a t i o n s prevented a i r c r a f t ' s reaching r e q u i r e d a l t i t u d e . (x-15 Proj o f f ) . NASA Associate Administrator f o r Advanced Research and Technology James M. Beggs dedicated new $3.5-million F l i g h t Control Research F a c i l i t y a t Langley Research Center. F a c i l i t y , connected t o LaRCfs d a t a a n a l y s i s and computation center, would be used f o r guidance and c o n t r o l research i n support of manned f l i g h t . During ceremony, Center's D i g i t a l Computer Complex Group received LaRC Group Achievement Award f o r "outstanding performance and dedicated e f f o r t s i n combining unique concepts i n computer organization and operati n g systems" c o n t r i b u t i n g t o "one of t h e most outstanding r e s e a r c h l e ~ computer i n s t a l l a t i o n s i n t h e United S t a t e s . " ( ~ a n ~Researcher, 7/26/68, 1, 4) . MSC o f f i c i a l s announced resignation of Astronaut John S. Bull (L/c&. , USN), t h i r d astronaut t o leave space program because of medical problem. D r . Charles A. Berry, MSC Chief of Medical Programs, t o l d news conference Astronaut B u l l had r a r e r e s p i r a t o r y d i s e a s e f o r which t h e r e was no known cure and no medical name. It was charact e r i z e d by chronic sinus d i f f i c u l t e s , lung o b s t r u c t i o n , and s e n s i t i v i t y t o a s p i r i n (UPI, W Post, 7/17/68, A l l ) �Global warning system o p e r a t i o n a l since January was providing J u l y 16: a i r l i n e p i l o t s with a s much a s two months n o t i c e of r e e n t r y of spacec r a f t d e b r i s , which had been averaging one r e e n t r y a day. Chances of damage by fragment t o a i r c r a f t , while small, would increase with-operat i o n of SSTs a t 70,000- and 80,000-ft a l t i t u d e s . System, outgrowth of Volunteer F l i g h t Officer Network formed i n 1963, included more t h a n 38,000 f l i g h t crews a t t a c h e d t o 117 a i r l i n e s , which received r e e n t r y d a t a from NORAD computers v i a United A i r Lines comunications f a c i l i t i e s a t Denver, Colo. ( ~ u l l i v a n ,NYT, 7/17/68, 27) . President Johnson informed Geneva disarmament conference t h a t agreement was expected "shortly" on time and place of U.S.-U.S.S.R. talks t o l i m i t nuclear m i s s i l e production. I n message read t o opening of new session of conference, President s a i d i f progress could be made on l i m i t i n g s t r a t e g i c d e l i v e r y systems, U.S. "would be prepared t o cons i d e r reduction of e x i s t i n g systems. " ( ~ e x t ;W Post, 7/17/68, A15; NyT, 7/17/68, 1 ) - J u l y 17: I n v e s t i g a t i o n of Nov. 15, 1967 X-15 accident by NASA board i n d i c a t e d t h a t p i l o t , Maj. Michael J. Adams (usAF) who d i e d i n crash, had s u f f e r e d d i s o r i e n t a t i o n and operated c o n t r o l s improperly. Mistaki n g r o l l i n d i c a t o r f o r heading i n d i c a t o r , he had increased heading e r r o r , causing a i r c r a f t t o s p i n uncontrollably at-mach 5 and 230,000-ft a l t i t u d e and t h e n t o go i n t o severe p i t c h o s c i l l a t i o n and d i s i n t e g r a t e Board requested t h a t Government r e p o r t a t a l t i t u d e above 60,000 ft on MH-96 c o n t r o l system experience and recornended use of telemetry f o r d i r e c t i o n a l readings by NASA X-15 ground c o n t r o l center, c a r e f u l checkout of experiments and equipment f o r next X-15 f l i g h t , i n c l u s i o n i n p i l o t p h y s i c a l examination of s p e c i a l t e s t s f o r tendency toward v e r t i g o , and development of a d d i t i o n a l methods t o maintain proper heading under b a l l i s t i c f l i g h t conditions. (FRC Release 20-68; NASA Release 68-126) . . James C. Elms, Director of NASA E l e c t r o n i c s Research Centel; discussed ce he NASA Biomedical Program i n Perspective" before Third Annual Meeting of Assn. f o r t h e Advancement of Medical Instrumentation i n Houston. "Despite t h e r a p i d advance of biomedical techniques s i n c e World War 11, t h e main t h r u s t of t h e a c t i v i t i e s was d i r e c t e d toward studying s i c k i n d i v i d u a l s i n a normal environment. The manned space program has provided t h e opportunity f o r i n t e n s i v e c o n t r o l l e d study of a s e l e c t group of normal and healthy i n d i v i d u a l s i n an abnormal and s t r e s s f u l environment. By so doing, we have achieved a b e t t e r d e f i n i t i o n of t h e range of normality of t h e h e a l t h y organism which, i n t u r n , i s u s e f u l i n t h e study and understanding of disease." �J u l y 17 (continued) I n t e r a c t i o n of space and medicine had l e d t o many medical applicat i o n s of aerospace hardware. Application of e l e c t r o n probe microanalyzer--used f o r chemical analyses of microelectronic c i r c u i t s - - t o study of r e d blood c e l l s had l e d t o unexpected clues i n study of blood cancer. System t o monitor h e a r t r a t e , r e s p i r a t i o n , and galvanic s k i n response was being considered f o r use i n measuring e f f i c i e n c y of d e n t a l anest h e t i c s on c h i l d r e n and i n t r a i n i n g t e a c h e r s f o r r e t a r d e d c h i l d r e n . Accomplishments of b i o e l e c t r o n i c s research i n i n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r y e l e c t r o n i c s environment included remote measuring technique f o r eyep o i n t i n g d i r e c t i o n , meaningful measurement of a e r o s o l concentration and s i z e d i s t r i b u t i o n , and automatic t r a c k i n g system t o i d e n t i f y t h r e s h o l d s of ment a 1 a l e r t n e s s . ( ~ e x) t . Univ. of C a l i f o r n i a p h y s i c i s t D r . Edward T e l l e r , a t hearing on nuclear n o n p r o l i f e r a t i o n t r e a t y before Senate Foreign Relations Committee, urged Congress t o preserve option of giving nonnuclear a l l i e s c o n t r o l over "purely defensive" nuclear weapons systems. He was r e f e r r i n g , he s a i d , t o system t h a t could be exploded only over a n a t i o n ' s t e r r i t o r y , one involving "time-lock" of monthly i n s p e c t i o n by donor n a t i o n , and one which would be proof a g a i n s t tampering o r a n a l y s i s designed t o develop it i n t o offensive system. I n afternoon Arthur Larson, head of Educational Committee To Halt Atomic Weapons Spread, t e s t i f i e d he agreed with Sen. John 0. Pastore (D-R.1) t h a t proper time t o p r e s s f o r r e v i s i o n was when t h e o r e t i c a l system became r e a l i t y . ( ~ a f f r e ,W Post, 7/18/68, ~ 4 ; Sherman, W S t a r , 7/18/68, ~ 1 2 ) . U. K. , West Germany, I t a l y , and t h e Netherlands signed agreement t o cooperate i n $4.8-million p r o j e c t t o develop and produce advanced combat a i r c r a f t f o r t h e i r a i r forces. A i r c r a f t , scheduled t o e n t e r s e r v i c e i n 1975, would replace U.S. Lockheed F-104 S t a r f i g h t e r c u r r e n t l y being used. Orders f o r new a i r c r a f t were expected t o reach 1,000. (Reuters, B Sun, 7/18/68, 2) - July18: Cosmos C C X X X I I I was launched from P l e s e t s k Cosmodrome by U. S. S. R. i n t o o r b i t with 1,505-km (935.2-mi) apogee, 199-km (123.6-mi) perigee, 101.9-min period, and 81. go i n c l i n a t i o n . Equipment was functioning normally. (SBD, - 7/22/68, 32; GSFC SSRy 7/31/68) - . Senate passed unanimously H.R. 17023, FY 1969 Independent Offices and HUD appropriations b i l l , including $4.008 b i l l i o n f o r NASA. T o t a l f o r NASA agreed with House-passed t o t a l , but Senate adopted �J u l y 18 (continued) committee amendments increasing funds f o r construction of f a c i l i t i e s by $12.95 million and decreasing R&D funds by same amount. As passed by Senate, b i l l provided $3.37 b i l l i o n f o r R&D $34.75 m i l l i o n f o r construction of f a c i l i t i e s , and $603.17 million f o r administrative operations. Senate requested conference with House on amendments (NASA. LAR ~ 1 1 1 7 6 ;-CR 3 S8910-38; SEE), 7/19/68, 71) , - . - . House Appropriations Committee cut $550.5 million from DOD FY 1969 appropriations, including $85 million from USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program. C (J, 7/18/68; 7/19/68, 71) m, . Defense Communications Agency had declared operational eight s a t e l l i t e s added t o Defense S a t e l l i t e Communications System (DSCS)by successful June 1 3 launch from ETR, f i n a l launch of I n i t i a l Defense Communications S a t e l l i t e (IDsCP) Project. Total of 24 s a t e l l i t e s were i n normal use, o r b i t i n g eastward i n 21,000-mi-altitude synchronous o r b i t . They would remain i n use u n t i l 1971. (DOD Release 668-68) . NASA. had completed t e s t s t o f i n d solution t o "longitudinal o s c i l l a t i o n s " of Saturn V booster which had occurred during April 4 Apollo 6 mission. Tests revealed t h a t n a t u r a l frequency of vehicle s t r u c t u r e and propulsion system frequency had coincided, multiplying amplitude of o s c i l l a t i o n s . Problem would be corrected by using accumulators, small gas reservoirs, i n 1 s t - s t a g e liquid-oxygen prevalves t o change propulsion system frequency. Minor modifications necessary t o allow helium i n j e c t i o n i n t o prevalves were being made on 1 s t stages of t h i r d and s i x t h Saturn Vs. (wASA Release 68-128; MSFC Release 68-158) . Ryan Vertifan, j e t V/STOL a i r c r a f t designated XV-5B by NASA, was undergoing f l i g h t t e s t s before delivery t o Ames Research Center f o r use i n aeronautical research programs. A i r c r a f t ' s counterr o t a t i n g fans submerged i n wings and driven by j e t exhaust, provided l i f t f o r v e r t i c a l takeoff, hovering, and v e r t i c a l landing. XV-5B was improved version of Ryan Aeronautical Co. research a i r c r a f t b u i l t f o r USA; modifications and renovations, a f t e r damage from October 1966 emergency landing a t Edwards AFB, were made under $1-million NASA contract. (ARC Astrogram, 7/18/68, 1) . With U. S. and U. S. S.R. ready t o discuss possible mutual r e s t r i c t i o n on production of s t r a t e g i c missiles, research and t e s t i n g of advanced spectrometer designed t o police agreement had been delayed because of congressional cuts i n DOD funds f o r Arms Control and Disarmament �J u l y 18 (continued) Agency program. Device, which analyzed missile c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s from t h e i r exhaust t r a i l s a t launch s i t e s , had been developed a t cost of $574,000 a f t e r 1964 proposal by U. S. f o r missile agreement with Device could be manned by i n t e r n a t i o n a l inspectors positioned U.S.S.R. one mile from launch s i t e o r read by remote control through transmission czble already developed f o r a d d i t i o n a l $200,000. F i e l d t e s t i n g under simulated U.S.S.R. conditions had been postponed one year u n t i l summer 1969. ( ~ b e r d o r f e r ,W Post, 7/18/68, ~ 4 ) . The Security of Japan and Prospects f o r 1970, study produced f o r Japanese Defense Agency by Security Research Council, s a i d Japan had t h e t e c h n i c a l and economic resources t o produce uranium and plutonium bombs and I C H 4 producing c a p a b i l i t y similar t o t h a t of France. Japanese policy t o date had banned construction and importation of nuclear weapons. (W Post, 7/18/68, ~ 3 ) . Dr. Ernest H w r y Vestine, expert on geomagnetism who joined The RAND Corp. i n 1957 a f t e r 20 years with Carnegie I n s t i t u t i o n , died i n Santa Monica, Calif., of heart a t t a c k a t age 62. He had been one of o r i g i n a t o r s of 1957-58 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Geophysical Year and had served a s consultant t o DOD, NASA, and Dept. of Commerce. He had been one of leaders of 1933 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Polar Year expedition, which established observatory t o measure e a r t h f s magnetic f i e l d . (W Post, 7/19/68, ~ 6 ) NASA t e s t p i l o t s Donald L. Mallick and Fitzhugh Fulton flew J u l y 19: XB-70A t o 42,000-ft a l t i t u d e and mach 1.62 i n f l i g h t from Edwards AFB. Purpose of f l i g h t was t o evaluate performance of v a r i e t y of speeds, check e x c i t e r vane function, determine ground e f f e c t s during low approach, and evaluate p i l o t proficiency during touch-and-go landing. (XB-70 Pro j o f f ) . Astronauts James A. McDivitt, David R. Scott, and Russell L. Schweickart successfully completed checkout of Apollo spacecraft cabin f l i g h t equipment provisions under simulated mission conditions a t North American Rockwell Corp. ' s Downey, Calif. , f a c i l i t y . (NAR Skywriter, 7/26/68, 1) . Wdrogen-filled 600-ft-dia p l a s t i c balloon bearing card dated May 7, 1968, and words "National Center of Space Studies, Landes, France, Balloon Launching Center" landed i n cornfield near Portsmouth, Ohio. It was believed t o have been responsible f o r f l u r r y of unidentified f l y i n g object reports from south c e n t r a l Ohio previous night. (m, NyT, 7/20/68, 27) �J u l y 20: Senate by vote of 67 t o 3 passed H.R. 17903, FY 1969 public works and atomic energy appropriations b i l l , which included $36 m i l l i o n f o r NERVA and t o t a l of $68 million f o r space propulsion systems. Senate a l s o passed H.R. 13781, authorizing $15 million f o r sea-grant colleges and ocean exploration i n FY 1969 and another $15 million i n FY 1970. (NASA LAR -~ 1 1 / 7 ;7 CRY ~ 9 0 4 7 ,~9069-87) USN had awarded f i v e $1-million contracts f o r study of J u l y 21: F-111B replacement t o G r m a n A i r c r a f t Engineering Corp., LTV Aerospace Corp., General Dynamics Corp., North American ~ o c k w e l l Corp., and McDonnell Douglas A i r c r a f t Corp. S u b s t i t u t e f o r F-111B, designated VFX-1, would have v e r t i c a l sweep wings and same j e t engine. USN had a l s o awarded $143.5 -million contract t o Newport News ( ~ a). Ship Building Co. f o r two nuclear-powered guided-missile f r i g a t e s , which would bring t o f i v e USN' s t o t a 1 atomic-powered escort vessels. (W Post, 7/21/68, KL) J u l y 22: P a r t i a l extension of Explorer XXXVIII1s antennas, delayed because of unexpected spacecraft o s c i l l a t i o n s and ground computer f a i l u r e , was successfully conducted by NASA a f t e r s e r i e s of complex maneuvers which permitted successful gravity-gradient capture and three-axis s t a b i l i z a t i o n . Antenna a r r a y l s four booms would be held a t planned 455-ft length f o r a t l e a s t two weeks while data was collected and then, i f spacecraft performed s a t i ~ f a c t b r i l ~antennas , would be extended t o f u l l 750-ft length. Damper boom was deployed, experiments were turned on, and a l l spacecraft support systems were functioning normally. Dipole antenna was deployed J u l y 23 and s a t e l l i t e was declared f u l l y operational. Spacecraft had been launched (NASA Proj o f f ; NASA Releases 68-123, 68-132; W Post, J u l y 4. 7/18/68, ~ 2 1 ) . Explorer XXXV (IMP-E), s i x t h spacecraft i n Interplanetary Explorer s e r i e s , completed one year of operation i n lunar o r b i t . Seven of eight onboard experiments and a l l spacecraft systems were 10% operational. Eighth experiment had 576 degradation i n performance. Since J u l y 19, 1967, launch, s a t e l l i t e had shown t h a t p o s i t i v e ions from s o l a r wind crashed d i r e c t l y i n t o lunar surface and had v e r i f i e d existence of s o l a r wind void d i r e c t l y behind moon, enabling s c i e n t i s t s t o deduce information on moon ' s e l e c t r i c a l conductivity and i n t e r n a l temperature. (NASA Proj o f f ) . Despite sharp budget cuts NASA was not contemplating layoff of Civil Service Commission personnel, columnist J e r r y Kluttz reported i n �J u l y 22 (continued) Washington Post. As Government agencies searched f o r ways t o meet c u t s ordered by Congress, NASA appeared t o be only major agency with no problem of excess employees. But because of "big money problems," NASA hoped t o save d o l l a r s by abolishing half of i t s currently vacant positions, possibly making some "selective" l a y o f f s a t MSFC and GSFC, and continuing major cutbacks i n contractor personnel. NASA would reprogram i t s a c t i v i t i e s and t r a n s f e r f'unds t o finance CSC positions. (W Post, 7/22/68, ~ 2 0 ) . I n Project Cold Flare, j o i n t NASA-FAA-UW program t o assess radiol o g i c a l e f f e c t s of s o l a r a c t i v i t y on f u t u r e SST passengers and crews, radiation-measuring f l i g h t s were being flown from Eielson AFB, Alaska, near North Pole, where s o l a r and g a l a c t i c charged p a r t i c l e s were normally concentrated, t o gather data on radiological phenomena during s o l a r f l a r e s . ( 9 7/22/68, 61) . Michael Getler i n American Aviation saw SST program "eminently worthy of c r i t i c i s m " but, more important, "eminently worthy of success " Thus f a r it had come t o " f u l l c i r c l e : from basic design t o advanced concept back t o even more basic design." These events, he said, should be regarded objectively, with an eye toward learning lessons applicable t o f u t u r e large-scale Government-industry-commercial under"The SST a l s o should teach takings involving advanced technology. us a lesson about aviation technology, one which reminds us t h a t aerodynamics i s s t i l l t h e name of t h e game. There was great concern about t h e engine and materials problems i n t h e SST, but those two areas have come along very well and t h e c u l p r i t i s proving t o be b a s i c aerodynamics. " ( ~ Av, m 7/22/68, 60) . A r t h r i t i c growth on spine of Astronaut Michael Collins J u l y 22-23: (Maj , u W ) , scheduled t o p i l o t command module on t h i r d manned Apollo mission e a r l y i n 1969, had l e d t o h i s being grounded. USAF surgeons successfully removed bone spur from near base of h i s neck but speculated convalesence might take up t o four months. MSC o f f i c i a l s declined conjecture on h i s f u t u r e f l i g h t s t a t u s . Collins was member of t h i r d group of astronauts selected i n 1963 and had p i l o t e d two-man Gemini mission J u l y 18-21, 1966, d ~ i n g which he had performed two space walks. (AP,W S t a r , 7/23/68, ~ 4 W; Post, 7/23/68, A5; 7/24/68) . �July 23: Senate passed H.R. 18188, Dept. of Transportation appropriations b i l l by vote of 82 t o 2 a f t e r approving addition of $153 million f o r Federal Aviation Administration t o h i r e 3,627 a i r t r a f f i c c o n t r o l l e r s t o r e l i e v e congestion a t n a t i o n t s busiest a i r p o r t s . (CR, ~9226-47; AP, W S t a r , 7/24/68, ~ 2 1 ) - - . Guidance and control equipment used during Gemini X I r e e n t r y Sept. 15, 1966, was being f l i g h t - t e s t e d a t NASA Wallops S t a t i o n t o s e t up system performance requirements f o r automated landing f o r V/STOL a i r c r a f t . Tests were p a r t of long-range NASA research program t o develop all-weather aviation electronics systems f o r V/STOL a i r c r & f t . (ERC Release 68-12; WS Release 68-14; Marshall S t a r , 8/14/68, 2) - NASA launched s e r i e s of 11 sounding rockets from NASA J u l y 23-24: Wallops S t a t i o n between 8:19 pm J u l y 23 and 5:55 pm J u l y 24 t o gather upper atmosphere data f o r weather research. Carried on s i x Nike-Apache and f i v e Nike-Cajun sounding rockets, experiments included: two Univ. of Colorado experiments t o obtain v e r t i c a l p r o f i l e of n i t r i c acid density, with two spheres t o measure d a i l y density change; four payloads instrumented by GCA Corp. and Univ. of I l l i n o i s t o measure e l e c t r o n and ion density and s o l a r r a d i a t i o n i n ionosphere; t h r e e j o i n t GSFC-Univ. of Michigan grenade launches t o obtain temperature, pressure, and wind data; and two Univ. of Michigan payloads t o measure ambient a i r density by tracking two small spheres a s they f e l l from d i f f e r e n t a l t i t u d e s . Experiments were expected t o y i e l d new information about i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p of ionosphere and n e u t r a l atmosphere between 30- and 70-mi a l t i t u d e s (NASA Release 68-134; WS Release 68-15) . J u l y 24: ComSatCorp reported $3.3 million net income (33 cents per share) f o r f i r s t half of 1968, of which $1.5 m i l l i o n (15 cents per share) was i n second quarter. Earnings f o r f i r s t half of 1967 were $2 million (21 cents per share) and f o r second quarter of 1967, $859,000 (9 cents per share). ( ~ o m ~ a t ~ Release orp 68-35) . IBM p h y s i c i s t s D r . Peter P. Sorokin and J. I?. Lankard had designed and b u i l t pulsed l a s e r which produced 100,000-w b u r s t s of l i g h t l a s t i n g 2.5 millionths of a second and varing i n color according t o commercial l i q u i d dye used. It could be b u i l t i n home workshop with materials worth $25 t o $50. By changing type of dye used, thereby s e l e c t i n g new molecule, l i g h t of new frequency was produced, �J u l y 24 (continued) enabling s c i e n t i s t s t o i n v e s t i g a t e e n e r g e t i c p r o p e r t i e s of molecules and atoms. D r . Sorokin had s a i d he considered l a s e r ' s s e l e c t i v i t y more important, s c i e n t i f i c a l l y , t h a n i t s cheapness and s i m p l i c i t y of construction. (stevens, NYT, 7/26/68, 55) . Joint Committee on Atomic Energy s a i d no v a l i d reason had been o f f e r e d f o r DOD's May 28 h a l t i n spending f o r q u i e t e l e c t r i c d r i v e submarine a d urged t h a t a l l r e s t r a i n t s on i t s design and construction be r e moved. Recommendation accompanied r e l e a s e of June 2 1 t e s t i m o n y i n which V/A Hyman G. Rickover s t r o n g l y supported submarine and c r i t i r ran script; c'ized DOD f o r delaying i t s development [ s e e J u l y 111. Ap, NyT, 7/28/68, 54) J u l y 25 : NASA was e n t e r i n g competitive n e g o t i a t i o n s with Informatics Inc., and Leasco Systems and Research Corp. f o r one-year, $&-million c o n t r a c t with two one-year options f o r operation of i t s S c i e n t i f i c and Technical Information F a c i l i t y a t College Park, Md. (NASA Release 68-133) J u l y 26: NASA Aerobee 150 M I sounding rocket launched from WSMR c a r r i e d Columbia Radiation Laboratory experiment t o 88.3-mi (142-km) a l t i t u d e t o examine x-ray p o l a r i z a t i o n of Sco XR-1 i n 10- t o 25-kev region with x-ray polarimeter. Rocket and instruments performed s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . Experiment worked a s expected, but some counter o r e l e c t r o n i c f a i l u r e , o r both, occurred during e a r l y p a r t of f l i g h t . (NASA Rpt SRL) . U W - sponsored u n i d e n t i f i e d f l y i n g object (UFO) i n v e s t i g a t i o n by Univ. of Colorado concluded A p r i l 30 had become "mired i n controversy'' s a i d Science. I t s D i r e c t o r , D r . Edward U. Condon, had refused t o d i s c u s s s i t u a t i o n and c r i t i c s were saying p r o j e c t was "biased and l e s s t h a n d i l i g e n t i n v e s t i g a t i o n . " Chief t a r g e t s f o r c r i t i c i s m were D r . Condon and p r o j e c t coordinator Robert J. Low, while "most s u b s t a n t i a l " c r i t i c s were James E. MacDonald, Univ. of Arizona s e n i o r p h y s i c i s t , and Northwestern Univ. astronomer D r . J. Allen Hynek, USAF's chief UFO consultant, who f e a r e d D r . Condon would recommend a g a i n s t f u r t h e r s e r i o u s UFO study. D r . Condon's supporters had noted c r i t i c i s m was based on newspaper quotes, on h i s d e l i g h t i n humorous UFO anecdotes, statements from p r o j e c t members who had been f i r e d , and memo w r i t t e n by a subordinate before p r o j e c t began. They d i d not f i n d evidence convincing, Science said. ( ~ o f f e y ,Science, 7/26/68, 339-42) �J u l y 26: USAF Cambridge Research Laboratories s c i e n t i s t s John W. S a l i s b u r y and Graham R. Hunt reported i n Science t h e y had found hypothesis of p a r t i c l e s i z e c o n t r o l of albedo incompatible with hypothesis of abundant l i m o n i t e on Mars. Their observations i n d i c a t e d t h a t proposal t h a t p o l a r i m e t r i c , spectrometric, c o l o r , and albedo measurements of l i g h t and dark a r e a s on Mars proved l i m o n i t e was major s o i l c o n s t i t u e n t was i r r e c o n c i l a b l e with proposal t h a t v a r i a t i o n s i n s i z e of p a r t i c l e could be responsib l e f o r albedo d i f f e r e n c e between l i g h t and dark areas. They showed r e l a t i v e albedo was reversed from blue t o r e d f o r l i m o n i t e samples with d i f f e r e n t - s i z e d p a r t i c l e s . Observations of Mars revealed no blue-red albedo r e v e r s a l between a r e a s . Although gvidence was i n s u f f i c i e n t f o r choice between hypotheses, t h e y believed Mars s o i l was most l i k e l y , f o r g e o l o g i c a l reasons, t o be composed of s i l i c a t e s s t a i n e d o r coated with f e r r i c oxides. (science, 7/26/68, 365-6) F i r s t t r a n s a t l a n t i c a i r c r a f t crossing had been made by USN NC-4 f l y i n g boat i n May 1919, Univ. of North Carolina professor Joseph L. Morrison, biographer of S e c r e t a r y of t h e Navy Josephus Daniels, s a i d i n l e t t e r t o t h e e d i t o r of Time. He pointed out six-man crew under C d r . Albert Cushing Read (USN) had crossed between Newfoundland and Lisbon v i a Azores one month before Britons John Alcock and A. W. Brown made nonstop Newfoundland-Ireland crossing i n Vickers Vimy bomber which J u l y 1 2 Time had c a l l e d f i r s t crossing. ( ~ i m e ,7/26/68, 8 ) J u l y 2': Aerobee 150 M I sounding rocket launched by NASA from WSMR c a r r i e d MIT payload t o 84.1-mi (135.3-km) a l t i t u d e t o o b t a i n d a t a on c e l e s t i a l l o c a t i o n s and energy s p e c t r a of d i s c r e t e x-ray sources i n t h r e e regions and t o search f o r weak, undiscovered x-ray sources using p r o p o r t i o n a l counters. Rocket and instruments performed satisfactorily. (NASA Rpt SRL) . Sen. Clinton P. Anderson (D-N.~ex.) , Chairman of Senate Aeronautical and Space Science Committee, i n s e r t e d i n t o Congressional Record h i s r e p o r t "Legislative History of Space Nuclear Propulsion f o r F i s c a l Year 1969" which confirmed "the continued vigorous support of t h e Congress f o r t h i s space r e s e a r c h and development a c t i v i t y " and t h a t "appropriate agencies should proceed with t h e development of t h e NERVA-1 nuclear rocket engine." F i n a l Congressional a c t i o n on AEC and NASA FY 1969 a u t h o r i z a t i o n s s t r o n g l y supported nuclear prop u l s i o n development. NASA a u t h o r i z a t i o n had been $55 m i l l i o n f o r Nuclear Rockets Program. J o i n t Committee on Atomic Energy had recommended $69 m i l l i o n f o r AEC Nuclear Space Propulsion Systems and s t r o n g l y recommended program proceed. AEC had requested $72 m i l l i o n f o r P r o j e c t Rover, including $49 m i l l i o n f o r development of NERVA I �J u l y 27 (continued) rocket engine. F i n a l a c t i o n of both Senate and House Appropriations Committees on Independent Offices b i l l and AEC a p p r o p r i a t i o n s b i l l had supported space nuclear propulsion and NERVA rocket engine development, r e s t o r i n g funds cut by House e a r l i e r . It was c l e a r , s a i d Sen. Anderson, " t h a t t h e view of t h e Congress i s t h a t t h e Nuclear Rockets Program f o r f i s c a l year 1969 i s one of t h e most important and h i g h e s t p r i o r i t y programs i n NASA and should move forward a s planned The amount f i n a l l y appropriated f o r NASA R&D f o r FY 1969 would not be l e s s t h a n $3.3703 b i l l i o n , including $55 m i l l i o n f o r t h e Nuclear Rockets Program. "The conference committee on t h e AEC appropriations.;.agreed t o $53 m i l l i o n on t h e AEC' s program i n Reactor Development--Space prop u l s i o n Systems, a f i g u r e more t h a n halfway between t h e House lower f i g u r e [$31 m i l l i o n ] and t h e Senate higher f i g u r e [$68 m i l l i o n ] . " (CR, - 7 / q / 6 8 , S9.582-4; NASA U R ~11181) ...." . U.S. was completing s e c r e t arms-control s t u d i e s i n p r e p a r a t i o n f o r t a l k s w i t h U.S.S.R. on curbing nuclear m i s s i l e r a c e , Seymore Topping r e p o r t e d i n New York Times. Optimism on both s i d e s was generated by acceptance of need t o &void competitive scramble f o r ABM systems which might c o s t each government $40 b i l l i o n i n resources needed f o r domestic programs and f o r e i g n a i d . Agreement would r e q u i r e some method of mutual o n s i t e inspection, p o s s i b l y t h r o u h e x i s t i n g systems of s a t e l l i t e s over each (E, 7$27/68, 1 ) others t e r r i t o r y . . Army E l e c t r o n i c s Command had produced new battery-operated nuclear clock which would g a i n o r l o s e only one second every 3,000 yr. It would be used by USA, NASA, USAF, and USN p r i m a r i l y i n a v i a t i o n - e l e c t r o n i c systems and had p o t e n t i a l use i n U.S., U.K., Canadian, and A u s t r a l i a n d i g i t a l communications systems. (AP, E,7/28/68, 30) J u l y 28: JPL astronomers D r . Richard M. Goldstein and D r . Shalhav Zohar had l o c a t e d and mapped t h r e e rugged s e c t o r s on northwest f a c e of Venus using Goldstone Tracking S t a t i o n ' s 210-ft antenna. Beta, most c l e a r l y defined, appeared roughly c i r c u l a r with 150-mi d i a and 17,000-sq-mi area. Two o t h e r i r r e g u l a r f e a t u r e s almost a s l a r g e had appeared on r a d a r map which covered t r i a n g u l a r a r e a of estimated 160,000 sq m i , equal t o a r e a of northeastern U. S. D r . Goldstein i n c l i n e d t o t h e o r y t h a t prominences were mountains, but he had not y e t been a b l e t o measure "We know t h e s e f e a t u r e s a r e permanent," he s a i d , "bet h e i r heights. cause t h e y have appeared on a l l our t e s t s " f o r p a s t s i x y e a r s . (JPL Release BB-483) . German s c i e n t i s t D r . Otto Hahn, who had won 1944 Nobel P r i z e f o r chemistry f o r h i s 1938 discovery of nuclear f i s s i o n , died a t Goettingen, Germany, �J u l y 28 (continued) of h e a r t f a i l u r e a t age 89. He had been c o n s i s t e n t opponent of use of atomic weapons, urging s c i e n t i s t s t o concentrate on peaceful uses of nuclear energy. (UPI, W Post, 7/29/68, ~ 4 ) J u l y 28-August 3: A u s t r a l i a n astronomers using M i l l s Cross antenna a r r a y a t Univ. of Sydney had detected f i r s t two p u l s a r s t o be found i n southern sky. They brought t o nine t o t a l p u l s a r s discovered t o date. Their p u l s e r a t e of once every 0.56 and 1.96 sec, r e s p e c t i v e l y , was s i m i l a r t o a l l o t h e r s , which ranged between 0.25 and 2 sec. Cornell Univ. astronomer, D r . Yervent Terzian, had observed t h a t two-second pulse r a t e made it appear u n l i k e l y t h a t p u l s a t i n g neutron s t a r s could account f o r t h e s i g n a l s . Calculations i n d i c a t e d t h a t , i f t h e y were quivering, o r "ringing" l i k e a b e l l , it should be a t much s h o r t e r i n t e r v a l s t h a n t h o s e observed. Pulse r a t e s were more compatible, he s a i d , with proposal t h a t t h e y emanated from white dwarfs, "cinders" of s t a r s t h a t had consumed t h e i r nuclear f u e l but were l a r g e r and l e s s dense t h a n neutron s t a r s . ( s u l l i v a n , NYT, 8/8/68, 30) - J u l y 29: Aviation Week reported t h a t a n t i c i p a t e d $100-million cut i n FY 1969 funding could h a l t c o n t r a c t o r s r work on USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL)i n September, with slippage of f l i g h t schedule i n t o 1972. Boeing Co. was working on new launch v e h i c l e a t NASA's Michoud Assembly F a c i l i t y under P r o j e c t Scrimp. Booster would be v e h i c l e 75 ft i n d i a and 80 f t high and use TRW engine based on Boeing l u n a r module ascent engine experience, with 2-million-lb o p e r a t i o n a l thrust--although " US& had not decided t o abandon T i t a n III-M a s launch v e h i c l e . (AV W k 37/29/68) . House passed H.R. 18785, m i l i t a r y construction appropriations b i l l f o r FY 1969, which included $263.3 m i l l i o n f o r S e n t i n e l AIN f a c i l i t i e s . It had r e j e c t e d by v o t e of 106 t o 37 a motion t o d e l e t e m i s s i l e funds. (CR, - q710-35; Crowther, B Sun, 7120168, A5; AP, NYT, 7/30/68, 62) - . Aviation - Week reported t h a t DOD concern over advanced U.S.S.R. t a c t i c a l f i g h t e r s 1see June 101- - p a r t i c u l a r l y new Soviet mach 2.8 MiG-23 oxba bat ) might r e s u l t i n approval of long-delayed USAF and USN p r o j e c t s including USN VFX-1 and follow-on VXF-2 i n t e r c e p t o r s f o r f l e e t defense, USAF FX air s u p e r i o r i t y f i g h t e r , and u~AF/Lockheed F-12 i n t e r c e p t o r . USAF o r i g i n a l l y had wanted next-generation c o n t i n e n t a l defense i n t e r c e p t o r f o r c e composed e n t i r e l y of F-12s but would accept mixed f o r c e of F-12s and modified Convair F-106 i n t e r c e p t o r s designat'ed F-106X. F a s t e r , longer-range F-12 would be used t o i n t e r c e p t enemy bombers well -- �J u l y 29 (continued) beyond U.S. shores; F-106Xs would be used t o i n t e r c e p t and d i v e r t bombers which survived F-12 screen. (AV Wk, 7/29/68) . Panel of s c i e n t i s t s t e s t i f i e d before House Committee on Science and Astronautics symposium on u n i d e n t i f i e d f l y i n g o b j e c t s (UF0s) i n unanimous support of f u r t h e r , more d e t a i l e d UFO research. Northwestern Univ. astronomer D r . J. Allen Hynek s a i d U.S. should seek U.N. cooperation i n s e t t i n g up " i n t e r n a t i o n a l c l e a r i n g house" f o r s c i e n t i f i c a l l y - r e s p e c t a b l e UFO r e p o r t s because t h e r e was almost a t o t a l l a c k of q u a n t i t a t i v e d a t a about t h e phenomenon. Cornell Univ. exobiologist D r . Carl Sagan t o l d Committee it was not inconceivable t h a t t h e r e were o t h e r p l a n e t s with c i v i l i z a t i o n s and technologies more advanced t h a n e a r t h ' s , but he cautioned a g a i n s t a widespread UFO i n v e s t i g a t i o n program which would r e q u i r e "some harder evidence t h a n i s now p r e s e n t , " t h u s being expensive. Computer Science Corp. mathematician and c e l e s t i a l mechanics s p e c i a l i s t , D r . Robert L. Baker, Jr., revealed space-based sensor system operated from Colorado Springs A i r Defense Command Hq. had received s e v e r a l anomalous UFO alarms t h a t had not been explained by n a t u r a l phenomena, equipment i n t e r f e r e n c e o r malfunction, o r man-made space o b j e c t s . D r . James A. Harder, Univ. of C a l i f o r n i a a t Berkley engineer, suggested t h a t power which permitted UFOs t o undertake t h e i r r e p o r t e d l y i n c r e d i b l e maneuverings might depend on a t h e o r e t i c a l l y p o s s i b l e "second g r a v i t a t i o n a l f i e l d " i n t e r a c t i n g with e l e c t r i c a l f i e l d i n a manner corresponding t o r e a c t i o n between conventional e l e c t r i c a l motors and generators. Panel, which D r . Sagan s a i d was "plagued by a shortage of t h o s e who d i s b e l i e v e " i n UFO phenomena, a l s o included Univ. of I l l i n o i s s o c i o l o g i s t , D r . Robert L. Hall, and Univ. of Arizona meteorologist, D r . James E. McDonald. ransc script; Lyons, NYT, 7/30/68, 10; Lannan, W S t a r , 7/30/68, ~ 3 ) - . DOD announced one-year appointment of D r . John C. F i s h e r , Manager of Programs and Systems, General E l e c t r i c Research and Development Center, a s USAF Chief S c i e n t i s t , e f f e c t i v e Aug. 1. He would succeed D r . Robert H. Cannon, Jr., who would r e t u r n t o Stanford Univ. a s professor of aeron a u t i c s and a s t r o n a u t i c s . (DOD Release 702-68) . NASA had extended, f o r $29,130,524, one-year contract with Trans World A i r l i n e s , Inc., f o r i n s t a l l a t i o n support s e r v i c e s a t KSC, bringing t o t a l of cost-plus-award-fee contract t o $101,017,194. (KSC Release KSC-364-68) �J u l y 30 : U. S. S. R. launched Cosmos CCXXXIV from Baikonur Cosmodrome i n t o o r b i t with 295-km (183.3-mi) apogee, 208-km (129.2-mi) perigee, 89.5-min period, and 51.8' i n c l i n a t i o n . Equipment was functioning normally. S a t e l l i t e r e p o r t e d l y softlanded i n i t s home t e r r i t o r y Aug. 5. (GSFC SSRy 7/31/68; 8/15/68; 7/31/68> 129; E y 7/31/68, 3; 8/7/68) - sy . NASA announced a d d i t i o n of $35,048,000 t o c o n t r a c t with General E l e c t r i c Co. f o r continuation of design, f a b r i c a t i o n , and t e s t i n g of f o u r remaini n g B i o s a t e l l i t e spacecraft, a s s o c i a t e d experiment hardware, and aerospace ground equipment --bringing t o t a l value of contract t o $136,662,157. (NASA Release 68-136) . Cone-shaped instrumented payload of French Veronique rocket r e l e a s e d a t 1 1 4 - m i a l t i t u d e f e l l i n t o A t l a n t i c 164 m i o f f French Guiana and was swept away by c u r r e n t s , French National Space Center announced. ( ~ e uetr s , W Post, 7/31/68, ~14) . NASA announced t h a t Bernhardt L. Dorman had resigned a s A s s i s t a n t Admini s t r a t o r f o r I n d u s t r y A f f a i r s t o r e t u r n t o Aerojet General Corp. He would be succeeded Aug. 5 by P h i l i p N. Whittaker, Vice President of IBM Federal Systems Div. (NASA Release 68-137) .U W Space and M i s s i l e Systems Organization i s s u e d Lockheed A i r c r a f t Corp. $2-million i n i t i a l increment t o $4,131,785 cost -plus-f ixed-f ee c o n t r a c t f o r r e e n t r y v e h i c l e technology and observables program. (DODRelease 706-68) NASA i s s u e d Apollo S t a t u s Surmnary: Apollo 7 prime crew, J u l y 31: Astronauts Walter M. S c h i r r a , Jr., Donn F. E i s e l e , and R. Walter Cunningham, s u c c e s s f u l l y completed nine-hour t e s t i n spacecrart i n KSC a l t i t u d e chamber J u l y 26 a t 226,000-ft simulated a l t i t u d e , with cabin p r e s s u r i z e d f i r s t with 6% oxygen and 4% nitrogen, t h e n with 10% oxygen a t 5 p s i , normal o r b i t a l atmosphere. Astronauts Thomas P. S t a f f o r d , John W. Young, and Eugene A. Cernan had completed s u c c e s s f u l manned a l t i t u d e t e s t i n KSC chamber J u l y 29 with cabin p r e s s u r i z e d with 60140 mixture a t s t a r t and oxygen t o r e p l e n i s h atmosphere during t e s t . Saturn I B launch v e h i c l e s t a g e s were mated a t Complex 34 with sequence malfunction t e s t s scheduled f o r Aug. 1. Propellant u t i l i z a t i o n system modifications had been completed on 2nd stage. In ~ ~ o l l o / ~ a t u 503 r n program, Lunar Module 3 ascent and descent s t a g e s were being modified t o c o r r e c t r a d a r lock-on problem i n �J u l y 31 (continued) rendezvous radar subsystem. Saturn V launch vehicle 1 s t and 2nd stages were mated, with pogo suppressor modification k i t s on 1 s t stage being v e r i f i e d . Third stage propulsion subsystem checks were i n progress. Engine l e a k checks would be conducted on stage during week. I n ~ ~ o l l o / Saturn 504 program, launch vehicle 2nd stage was undergoing augmented spark i g n i t e r propellant feed l i n e modifications. Six-minute captive f i r i n g of f i f t h Saturn V 2nd stage, postponed because of d i f f i c u l t i e s with l i q u i d hydrogen vent valve, had been rescheduled f o r Aug. 1 a t Mississippi Test F a c i l i t y . Twelfth Saturn I B booster stage was scheduled t o leave MSFC f o r Michoud As'sembly F a c i l i t y Aug. 6 f o r p o s t - s t a t i c checks and storage. I n South A t l a n t i c Anomaly Probe, computer analysis had confirmed r a d i a t i o n l e v e l s presented no hazard t o low-altitude manned Apollo o r b i ta 1 f l i g h t s ( ~ e x)t . . Nike-Tomahawk sounding rocket launched from NASA Wallops S t a t i o n c a r r i e d Univ. of Maryland and Johns Hopkins Univ, experiments t o 186-mi (300-km) a l t i t u d e t o i n v e s t i g a t e r o l e of electrons i n producing day airglow. Rocket and instrumentation--which included five-wavelength f i l t e r - w h e e l photometer with s p e c i a l sunshade, 3- t o 800-ev e l e c t r o n spectrometer, and electron retarding-potential analyzer--performed s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . Data c o r r e l a t i n g ionospheric electron density d i s t r i b u t i o n with day airglow emissions i n ionosphere were obtained. (NASA Rpt sRL) . NASA announced award of $31,270,300 contract t o General E l e c t r i c Co. f o r continuance of general support services a t Mississippi Test F a c i l i t y through September 1969, bringing t o t a l value of b a s i c contract t o $190,810,713. (MSFC Release 68-170) . Dr. Henry J. Reid, former Director and Senior S t a f f Associate a t NASA Langley Research Center died i n Gloucester, Va., a f t e r heart a t t a c k a t age 72. He had become LaRC Director i n 1926 and r e t i r e d i n June (AP, W Post, 8/1/68, ~10) 1961, a f t e r 34 yr continous service. Data scored U.S. complacency i n Ralph Kinney Bennett i n During July: year which might "see some of t h e g r e a t e s t Soviet space spectaculars of t h e decade." I n U.S., he said, e a r l y glamour of space race had faded and NASA p r o j e c t s were neither as ambitious nor a s well-funded a s t h e y once were. I n contrast, he noted, U.S.S.R. showed signs of "a new spurt of a c t i v i t y , new t e c h n i c a l accomplishments above our �During J u l y ( continued) p l a n e t , an accelerated a s s a u l t on t h e moon and dark rumblings of advanckd m i l i t a r y uses of t h e threshold of space. The time f o r a Soviet resurgence could hardly be b e t t e r . "...Soviets a r e badly i n need of a great techno-propaganda f e a t Soviet hold t o r e a s s e r t t h e i r influence on world public opinion on European s a t e l l i t e nations had shown evidence of advanced erosion. Their p o s i t i o n i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e r e s t of t h e communist world i s no longer c l e a r l y defined. " Soviets were spending estimated $9 b i l l i o n a year on space and half t h a t sum went toward m i l i t a r y applications of space technology. "There i s an American a t t i t u d e . . .of waiti'ng u n t i l you get burnt before you shed complacency. When Sputnik I burnt us, we came back with a vengeance. Now complacency has s e t i n again. Perhaps we w i l l f e e l t h e f i r e from t h e Soviets i n space before t h i s year i s out and r e a c t accordingly. But i n space technology. it ' s a tough way t o play t h e b a l l game. " ( ~ a t a ,7/68) .... .. �PROVISIONAL INDEX--JULY 1968 MS. See American A s t r o n a u t i c a l Society. ARM. See A n t i b a l l i s t i c m i s s i l e system. Accelerator, 197 Accident, 202 a i r c r a f t , 213 s p a c e c r a f t , 209 Adams, D r . Mac C. 193 Adams, Maj. Michael J. ( u r n ) , 213 AEC. See Atomic Energy Commission. Aerobee 150 M I (sounding r o c k e t ) , 220, 221 Aeroflot 212 Aero j e t General Corp. 225 Aeronautics, 200, 210, 211, 215, 216, 218, 224 Aerospace Corp. , 201 Agreement, 192, 2l.3, 214 AIAA. See American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and Astronautics. A i r Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, 221 A i r Force Human Resources Laboratory (AFHRL), 193 A i r Force Systems Command (AFsc), 193 A i r c r a f t , 193, 194, 199-201, 203, 204, 206-208, 214, 216, 217, 221 A i r p o r t s , 193, 21.9 Alcock, John, 221 Alexander, George, 209 Aluminum Co. of America, 196 Alexandria, Va., 195 A l l o t t , Sen. Gordon, 211 American A s t r o n a u t i c a l Society (US), 210, 211 American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), 202 American Telephone & Telegraph Co. (AT&T) 198 Anniversary, 192 Ames Research Center (ARC), 215 Anderson, Sen. Clinton I?. , 221 Antenna, 197, 217, 223 A n t i b a l l i s t i c m i s s i l e (ABM)system, 206, 222, 223 Apollo (program), 202-205, 218, 225-226 Apollo 6 (AS-502) ( s p a c e c r a f t ) , 215 Apollo 7 ( s p a c e c r a f t ) , 204-205 ARC. SeeAmes R e s e a r c h c e n t e r . Argentina, 204, 208 A r i e l (program), 195 Arizona, 198 Arizona, Univ. o f , 224 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 215 -216 Army E l e c t r o n i c s Command, 222 Arnold Engineering Development Center, 211 , , , , �Asher, D r . Harold, 208 Association f o r t h e Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, 205, 213 Astronaut, 205, 209, 218, 225, 226 Astronomy, 194, 197, 199, 209, 223 A t l a n t i c Ocean, 225 Atlas-F ( b o o s t e r ) , 207 Atom, 198 Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) , 200, 221-222 High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, 197 ATS 111 ( ~ ~ ~ l iiocn sa Technology t s a t e l l i t e ) 199 Auriga ( c o n s t e l l a t i o n ) , 199 A u s t r a l i a , 222, 223 Automatic P i c t u r e Transmission (APT), 199 Avco Corp., 193 B-52 ( s t r a t o f o r t r e s s ) , 198 Baikonur Cosmodrome, 205, 225 Baker, D r . Robert L. Jr. 224 Balloon, 2l1, 216 Barger, Allan R., 2 l 1 Barium, 202, 208 Beggs, James M., 212 Belgium, 204 Bennett, Ralph Kinney, 226 Bergaust, Erik, 209 Berry, D r . Charles A., 212 Birlandeanu, Alexandru, 201 Boeing Co. 223 Boeing 707 ( j e t a i r c r a f t ) , 212 B r a z i l , 204 Brookhaven National Laboratory, 197 Brooks AFB, Tex., 193 Brown, A. W., 221 Brown, Duane, 200 Bryce National Park, 198 Bubble chamber, 197 Bull, ~1cd.r.John S. (USN) 212 Burchm, D r . Donald P. 196 C-5 (Galaxy) (cargo t r a n s p o r t ) , 193, 200 C a l i f o r n i a , Univ. of a t Berkeley, 224 Callahan, M/G Daniel F. (usAF, Ret. ), 193 Canada, 204, 222 Canadian Aeronautics and Space I n s t i t u t e (CASI) 202 Cannon, D r . Robert H., 224 Canyon de Chelly National Monument, 198 Carnegie I n s t i t u t i o n , 216 , , , , , , , (ii) �Carswell AFB, Tex., 208 Cernan, LCdr. Eugene M. (USN) , 225 Charlottesville, Va., 194 Chile, 208 China, Communist, 204 Chrysler Corp., 193 Civil Service Commission, 217 Clifford, Secretary of Defense Clark M., 207 Cold Flare, Project, 218 College Park, Md., 198 Collins, Maj Michael (UW) , 218 Colorado, Univ. of, 219, 220 Colunbia Radiation Laboratory, 220 Comet, 199 Communications satellite, 192, 199, 215 Communications Satellite Corp. ( ~ o m ~~orp) a t , 192, 219 Computer, 198, 212 Computer Science Corp. , 224 Condon, Dr. Edward U. , 220 Congress, 201, 206, 207, 218 Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, 206, 220, 221 Congress, House of Representatives bills passed, 223 Committee on Appropriations, 215, 222 Committee on Science and Astronautics, 224 Congress, Senate, 203, 209 bills passed, 214-215, 217, 219 Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 221 Committee on Appropriations, 222 Committee on Armed Services Subcommittee on Preparedness Investigating, 199 Committee on Foreign Relations, 204, 206, 214 Copenhagen, Denmark, 212 Corddry, Charles, 201 Cornell Univ., 223, 224 Cosmos CCXXX (u.S.S.R. satellite), 197 Cosmos CCXXXI, 205 Cosmos CCXXXII, 212 Cosmos CCXXXIII, 214 Cosmos CCXXXIV, 225 Cunningham, R. Walter, 205, 226 Czechoslovakia, 208 Davis, Frank W., 200 Defense Communications Agency, 215 Defense, Dept. of (DOD), 192, 199, 201, 207, 215, 220, 224 . (iii) �Denmark, 198 Denver, Colo. 210 Diamonds, i n d u s t r i a l , 203 Disarmament, 192, 213, 222 Doeker, Robert, 203 Dorman, B ~ r n h a r d tL., 226 Dornier, 194 DOT. See Transportation, Dept. of. Downey, Calif., 216 Echo (program), 195 Educational Committee To Halt Atomic Weapons Spread, 214 Edwards AFB, Calif. 212, 215, 216 Egypt, 204 Ehricke, D r . K. A., 211 Eielson AFB, Alaska, 218 E i s e l e , Maj. Donn F. (usAF) 205, 226 Electronics Research Center (ERC) (NASA), 213 Elms, James C., 213 Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA) , 192 European Space Research Organization (ESRO), 192 ERC. See Electronics Research Center. Explorer X;rMV (IMP-E), 217 Explorer XXXVIII ( ~ a d i oAstronomy Explorer RAE-A) 196-197, F-12 (interceptor a i r c r a f t ) , 200, 223 F-104 ( ~ t a ri g f h t e r ) ( a i r c r a f t ) 214 F-106 ( i n t e r c e p t o r a i r c r a f t ) , 223 F-106X, 223 F-11lA (supersonic f i g h t e r ) 199-200, 207, 208 F-111B, 206, 207, 217 FB-11lA (supersonic bomber), 208 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 204, 218, 219 Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 198 Fisher, D r . John C. , 224 Foster, D r . John S., Jr., 199 France, 196, 201, 211, 216 French Guiana, 225 Freon TF, 202 Fulton, Fitzhugh, 216 GCA Corp. 219 Gemini (program), 209 Gemini X ( f l i g h t ) , 218 Gemini X I ( f l i g h t ) , 219 General Dynamics Corp , 206, 217 General E l e c t r i c Co. , 192, 225, 226 Geneva, Switzerland, 192, 213 , , , , , , , . 217 �Germany, West, 194, 198-199, 207, 208, 214 G e t l e r , Michael, 218 Goddard Space F l i g h t Center (GSFC) , 195, 197, 218, 2l9 Goldstein, D r . Richard M. 222 Goldstone Tracking S t a t i o n , 222 Grants, 194 Green Bank, W. Va., 209 Gromyko, Foreign Minister Andrey A. (u.S.S.R.), 209 Grwnman A i r c r a f t Engineering Corp., 217 Guppy (undersea research v e h i c l e ) , 201 Hahn, D r . Otto, 222 Hall, D r . Robert L. 224 Hamburger Flugzeugbau, 194 Harder, D r . James A. 224 Harvard College Observatory, 209 Harvard Univ. 206 Hensleigh, Walter E . , 208 mOS ( ~ i g h l yEccentric Orbiting s a t e l l i t e ) , 192 Honda Comet No. 6, 199 Honda, Minori, 199 Hornig, D r . Donald 3'. 201 Housing and Urban Development, Dept of (HID), 214 Houston, Tex., 205 HP 1506 ( p u l s a r ) , 209 Hughes A i r c r a f t Co., 207 Huguenin, D r . George R . , 209 Hunt, Graham R. 221 Hydrogen bomb, 196, 201, 2 l 1 Hynek, D r . J. Allen, 220, 224 IDSCP. See I n i t i a l Defense Communications S a t e l l i t e P r o j e c t I l l i n o i s , Univ. o f , 2x9, 224 Ilyushin-62 (u. S. S. R. a i r l i n e r ) , 212 I n d i a , 204 Informatics Inc. 220 Information r e t r i e v a l , 198 I n i t i a l Defense Communications S a t e l l i t e P r o j e c t (IDSCP) 215 INTELSAT I11 (communications s a t e l l i t e ) , 192 Interagency A i r c r a f t Noise Abatement Program, 198 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Business Machines Corp. (IBM) 219 Federal Systems Div. 225 I n t e r n a t i o n a l cooperation, 197, 201 I n t e r n a t i o n a l cooperation, space, 208 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Geophysical Year, 216 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Polar Year, 216 Ionosphere, 192, 219 , , , , , . , , , , , , . �I r a q , 204ISIS-A ( ~ n t e r n a t i o n a lS a t e l l i t e f o r Ionospheric s t u d i e s ) , 192 I s r a e l , 204 I t a l y , 204, 214 I T T World Communications, Inc., 198 5-2 (rocket engine), 205 Japan, 199, 204, 216 Japanese Defense Agency, 216 J e t Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) ( ~ a ~l e c h ) ,196, 198, 222 Johns Hopkins Univ., 226 Johnson, President Lyndon B. 192, 195, 203, 204, 209, 213 J u p i t e r (planet ) , 197 Kapustin Yar, U.S.S.R., 197 Kennedy I n t e r n a t i o n a l Airport, 212 Kennedy Space Center (KSC), 193, 224, 225 Kiesinger, Chancellor Kurt G. (west ~ e r m a n ~ 198 ), Kluttz , J e r r y , 217 -218 Knight, Maj W i l l i a m J. (USAF), 212 Kosygin, Premier Alexey N. (u. S. S. R. ), 192 Kurashiki Astronomical Observatory, 199 Landes, France, 216 Langley Research Center ( L ~ R C , ) 226 D i g i t a l Computer Complex Group, 212 F l i g h t Control Research F a c i l i t y , 212 Lankard, J. P., 219 Larson, Arthur, 214 Laser, 219-220 Launch Complex 34, 204, 225 Leasco Systems and Research Corp., 220 L i t t l e Dipper ( c o n s t e l l a t i o n ) , 209 Lockheed A i r c r a f t Corp., 214, 226 Lockheed Missiles & Space Co., 194, 203 Low, Robert J. 220 LTy Aerospace Corp. 217 Lunar Module (LM) , 225-226 Luxembourg, 204 McCarthy, Sen. Eugene J., 206 Macomber, Frank, 200 McCormick, Leander, 194 McDivitt, L/C James A. (USCIF), 216 MacDonald, D r . James E. 220, 224 McDonnell Douglas Corp., 192, 217 Magnetic f i e l d , 216 Mallick, Donald L. , 216 Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL), 215, 223 , . , , , �Manned space f l i g h t , 194, 225-226 Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), 212, 218 Marder, Murrey, 208 Mariner V probe), 211 -n'et ) 198, 210, 211, 221 Marshall Space F l i g h t Center (MSFC), 192, 2l8 Martin Marietta Corp. 211 Maryland, Univ. o f , 226 Massachusetts I n s t i t u t e of Technology (MIT) 221 Matthews, N. Whitney, 195 Max Planck I n s t i t u t e , 208 May, T. R., 200 Melbourne, F l a . , 200 Mercury (program), 209 Mesa Verde National Park, 198 Messerschmitt -B'dlkow, 194 Meteorology, 199 Michigan, Univ. o f , 219 Michoud Assembly F a c i l i t y , 223, 226 MiG-23 (Foxbat ) (u. S. S. R. f i g h t e r a i r c r a f t ) 223 Milky Way ( c o n s t e l l a t i o n ) , 197 M i l l e r , F r e d e r i c , 193 Minut eman I11 ( m i s s i l e ) 206 M i s s i l e , 192, 206, 207 M i s s i s s i p p i Test F a c i l i t y , 226 MIT. See Massachusetts I n s t i t u t e of Technology. Mojave, C a l i f . 199 Molniya 1-9 (u. S. S. R. communications s a t e l l i t e ) , 199 Montreal, Canada, 202, 212 Moon, 198, 203, 217 Morrison, Prof. Joseph L., 221 MOSCOW, u.s.s.R., 19.2, 212 MSC. See Manned Spacecraft Center. MSFC. See Marshall Space F l i g h t Center. Mueller, D r . George E. 202 Murder on Pad 34, 209 Mururoa A t o l l , 196, 201, 211 W e r s , Boyd C. 11, 211 Myskowski, Edwin T. 194 NASA Off i c e of Space F l i g h t and Applications (OSSA) 197 NASA S c i e n t i f i c and Technical Information F a c i l i t y , 198, 220 Nathan, D r . Robert, 198 National Academy of Sciences (ws), 195 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) anniversary, 192 enu us , , , , , , , , , (vii) �National Aeronautics and Space Administration (continued) award, 212 budget, 195, 214-215, 217, 221-222 c o n t r a c t , 192, 194, 220, 224-226 cooperation, 200, 218 cooperation, i n t e r n a t i o n a l , 208 employment, 192, 217-218 g r a n t , 194 launch s a t e l l i t e 196-197 sounding r o c k e t , 219-221, 226 personnel, 193, 195, 196, 201, 208, 211, 225, 226 program, 210 Apollo, 202-205, 218, 225-226 Human Factors Systems, 194 NERVA, 201, 221-222 space biology, 213-214 t e s t , 225 National Armed Forces Museum (proposed), 207 National Park Service, 198 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 209 Natural Environment Panel, 198 Naval A i r F a c i l i t y , C a l i f . 205 NC-4 ( f l y i n g b o a t ) , 221 NERVA. See Nuclear Engine f o r Rocket Vehicle Application. NERVA XE-1 (nuclear engine), 200 Netherlands, 199, 204, 214 New York, N. Y., 212 Newport News ( ~ a). Ship Building Co. 217 Nike-Apache (sounding rocket ) 219 Nike-Cajun (sounding r o c k e t ) , 219 Nike -Tomahawk ( sounding rocket ) 226 Nitze, Paul H. 206 North American Rockwell Corp. 192, 202, 211, 216, 217 North A t l a n t i c Treaty Organization (NATO), 198-199 North Carolina, Univ. of, 221 North Pole, 218 Northrop Systems Laboratories, 194 Northwe s t e r n Univ. 224 Nuclear clock, 222 Nuclear Engine f o r Rocket Vehicle Application (NERvA), 201, 217 2"dl-222 Nuclear n o n p r o l i f e r a t i o n t r e a t y , 192, 198, 203-204, 206-207, 21fl Nuclear r e a c t o r , 200 Nuclear submarine, 196, 207, 220 Ocean Science and Engineering, Inc., 196 , , , , , , , , ( v i i i) �Oceanography, 196, 217 Orbiting Primate Experiment, 194 OV 1-15 (research satellite), 207 OV 1-16, 207 Pacific Ocean, 196, 201, 211 Pakistan, 204 Pan American World Airways, Inc., 212 Parachute, 205 Pastore, Sen. John O., 214 Patents, 194-195,200 Pennsylvania, Univ. of, 208 Perrin AFB, Tex., 205 Peru, 208 Phoebus 2A (nuclear reactor), 200 Phoenix (missile) , 207 Physics, 19'7 Plesetsk Cosmodrome, U. S.S.R. , 214 Portsmouth, Ohio, 216 Poseidon (missile), 206 Press comment Apollo AS-204 accident, 209 C-5 aircraft, 193, 200 disarmament, 192-193, 208 National Academy of Sciences, 195 research and development, 195, 201 SST, 218 Press conference, 212 Pulsar, 209, 223 Radiation, 218 Radio signal, 196-197 RAND Corp. , The, 216 RCA Communications, Inc. , 198 Read, Cdr. Albert Cushing (USN), 221 Reentry, 211, 213 Reid, Dr. Henry J. , 226 Research and development, 195, 201-202, 215 Rickover, m a n G. (USN), 207, 220 Roberts, Chalmers M. , 204 Romania, 201 Rover (program), 200 Rusk, Secretary of State Dean, 206 Ryan Aeronautical Co. , 215 Sagan, Dr. Carl, 224 Sakharov, Prof. Andrey D., 205 Salisbury, John W., 221 VIA �Santa Monica, C a l i f . , 216 Saturn I ( b o o s t e r ) , 192 Saturn I Workshop ( s p a c e c r a f t ) , 210 Saturn I B (uprated Saturn I) ( b o o s t e r ) , 192, 225 Saturn V, 192, 210, 215, 226 S c h i r r a , Capt. Walter M., Jr. (USN) 205, 226 Schweickart, Russell L., 216 S c i e n t i s t s , 195, 201 S c o t t , L/C David R. (USAF), 216 Scout ( sounding rocket ) 208 Scrimp, P r o j e c t , 223 Seamans, D r . Robert C . , Jr,, 201 The S e c u r i t y of Japan and Prospects f o r 1970 (study), 216 S e c u r i t y Research Council, 216 S e n t i n e l ( a n t i b a l l i s t i c m i s s i l e system), 206, 223 Serpukov, U. S. S. R. 197 Smit hsonian I n s t i t u t i o n , 207 S o l a r f l a r e , 203 Sonic boom, 195, 198, 204 Sorokin, D r . P e t e r P., 219-220 Sounding r o c k e t , 202, 219-221 South A f r i c a , 204 SP-5B artin in ~ a r l i n )( f l y i n g boat ) 207 Space biology, 194, 203, 213-214 Space Disturbance Forecast Center, 203 Space program, n a t i o n a l , 210 Space r a c e , 226-227 Space rescue t r e a t y , 209 Spacecraft d e b r i s , 213 Spain, 204 Spectrometer, 215-216 S t a f f o r d , Maj. Thomas P. (usAF), 255 Stanford Linear Accelerator (sLAc) 197 Stanford Univ. 224 S u i t l a n d , Md., 199 sun, 197 Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., 201 Sunspots 198 Supersonic t r a n s p o r t (SST), 204, 213, 218 Survey S a t e l l i t e ( SURSAT ) 200 Sweden, 204 Sweeney, D r . Stephen B. 208 Switzerland, 204 Sydney, Univ. o f , 223 S y r i a , 204 , , , , , , , , , �Taylor, D r . J. H. , 209 Telescope, 194 Television, 198, 199 T e l l e r , D r . Edward, 214 Terzian, D r . Yervent, 223 Thrust -Augmented Delta ( b o o s t e r ) , 196 Thule AFB, Greenland, 198 T i t a n I11 ( b o o s t e r ) , 210 Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, 199 Tolansky, Samuel, 203 Topping, Seymore, 222 TOS-E ( ~ i rso Operational S a t e l l i t e ) , 192 Trans World A i r l i n e s , Inc. , 224 Transportation, Dept. of (DOT), 198, 219 Unidentified f l y i n g object (UFO), 194, 216, 220, 224 United A i r Lines, 213 United Kingdom (u. K. ) , 204, 214, 222 United Nations (u.N. ) , 224 S e c u r i t y Council, 199, 206 General Assembly, 204, 209 U n i v e r s i t i e s , 194, 210 Uranium, 216 USAF Space and M i s s i l e Systems Organization, 225 U.S. A i r Force (usAF), 212, 222 a i r c r a f t , 193, 198-200, 204, 207, 208, 214, 223 c o n t r a c t , 225 cooperat ion, 200, 218 launch s a t e l l i t e , 207 MOL, 215, 223 nuclear propulsion, 200 organization, 193 personnel, 224 r e s e a r c h and development, 193, 2ll, 221 t e s t , 198, 200 t r a i n i n g , 205 ~ O s 194, , 200 U.S. Army- (USA), 222 U. S. N a v y (USN) 206, 207, 21'7, 22l, 222 U. S. S. R. (union of Soviet S o c i a l i s t ~ e p u b l i c s,) 194 agreement, 192, 203, 206, 208-209, 213, 215-216, a i r c r a f t , 201, 203, 212, 223 a i r l i n e s , 203, 212 communications s a t e l l i t e , 199 cooperation, 197 , 222 �U. S. S. R. (Union of Soviet S o c i a l i s t ~ e p u b l i c s )(continued) launch s a t e l l i te Cosmos, 19, 205, 212, 214, 225 ~ o l n i ~ 1-9, a 199. nuclear nonproliferation t r e a t y , 192, 198, 204 science and technology, 205-206, 211 space program, 226-227 submarine 207 Vandenberg AFB, C a l i f . , 207 Vanguard ( ~ r o ~ r a m 195 ), Venezuela, 208 Venus ( p l a n e t ) , 211, 222 Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke, 194 Veronique (sounding rocket), 226 Vestine, D r . Ernest Harry, 216 VFX-1 ( i n t e r c e p t o r a i r c r a f t ) , 217, 223 VFX-2, 223 Virginia, Univ. o f , 194 V/STOL a i r c r a f t , 2.19 Wallops S t a t i o n (NASA), 208, 219 Warsaw, Poland, 208 Washington, D. C. 192 Webb, James E. 208, 210 WEFAX (weather Facsimile Experiment ) 199 Weightlessness 194 Western Test Range (WTR) 196, 212 We s t e r n Union I n t e r n a t i o n a l 198 Weston, Ill., 197 Wheeler, Gen. E a r l G. (USA), 199 White Sands Missile Range (w), 220, 221 White, W i l l i a m S., 192 Whittaker, P h i l i p N. , 226 Wiesner, D r . Jerome B., 206 World Weather Watch, 199 See White Sands Missile Range. WSMR. Wykes, Raymond P., 195 XV-5B (V/STOL a i r c r a f t ) , 215 X-15 (rocket research a i r c r a f t ) , 213 XB-70 (supersonic a i r c r a f t ) , 192, 204 XB-70A, 216 Y zllowst one National Park, 198 Yosemite National Park, 198 Young, C d r John W. (US?), 225 Zohar, D r . Shalhav, 222 Zond N (u. S. S. R. space probe), 194 , , , , , , , . ( x i i) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000126 Title A name given to the resource "Astronautics and Aeronautics July 1968: A Chronology on Science, Technology, and Policy (HHR-23)." Description An account of the resource Comment draft. Text drafted by Science and Technology Division, Library of Congress. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Library of Congress. Science and Technology Division NASA Historical Division (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-08-01 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn Project (U.S.) Science and state Space race Technology and state Type The nature or genre of the resource Chronologies (list) Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 27, Folder 38 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000119_000149 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/17925 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/20/1270/spc_stnv_000127.pdf 48e78e5743d43af1a7d62da633359e1e PDF Text Text COMMENT DRAFT NOT F O R RE:LEASE "4RONOLC)GY ON SC;ICE;IJCE, TZCTdI!TOLO=r31, llND POLICY (HER-23) Text D r a f t e d by Scien-e and Technology Division Library of Congress NASA H i s t o r i c a l Division ( ~ 9 ) Office o f Policy N a t i o n a l Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D.C. 20546 �S E P T E Y B E R 1959 �L/G Samuel C. P h i l l i p s , Apollo I1rograln D i r e c t o r , became Commander o f A i r Force Space and M i s s i l e Systems Iljv. (SAMSO). c:cli. { ' h i l l i p s had been D i r e c t o r of Minuteman program b e f o r e %zsignment 1 c NASA i n <T:~nuary1064 a s Deputy D i r e c t o r of Apollo Program. (NASA 11111, 7/31/69) September 1: . S. l'cllll John:;ton r e t i r e d a s head of Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i on' s N a t i o n a l A i l . ,irid Spacc Museunl. 11 lie would r e p r e s e n t ANA. on NRC. \ ( ~ 89/69, , September ------- 2: U.S.S.R. launched Cosmos CCXCVII from P l e s e t s k i n t o o r b i t w i t h 309-km (19.2. ~ - m i ) a p o g e e , 7 ? ? E i G ~ ~ 8 - m i )p ? r i g e e , 89.6-min p e r i o d , and 72.8' i n c l i n a t i o n . S a t e l l i t e r e e n t e r e d Sept . 1 0 . (GSFC SSR ---3 9/15/69; 9/3/69, 8 ) -, . Qatron Corp. announced it had r e c e i v e d $275,030 c o n t r a c t from GSFC t o b u i l d s e v e r a l r e c o r d e r - r e c e i v e r switching a.nd p r e p r o g r r a x a b l e p a t c h systems f o r Apollo program. ( W --S t a r , 9/2/69, ~ 1 6 ) September 3: -------- NASA's FIL-10 l i f t i n g body v e h i c l e , p i l o t e d by NASA Z e s t p i l o t W i l l i a m H. Dana, reached 81,030-f't a l t i t u d e and mach 1 . 4 2 a f t e r a i r - l a u n c h from B-52 a i r c r a f t west of Rosanond, C a l i f . Primary o b j e c t i v e o f f l i g h t , 2bth i n s e r i e s and f i r s t w i t h new engine, was t o (NASA P r o j o f f ) o b t a i n s t a b i l i t y , c o n t r o l , and engine d a t a . . Tokyo Univ. s c i e n t i s t s s u c c e s s f u l l y launched f o u r - s t a g e Ltmbda r o c k e t i n p r e p a r a t i o n f o r l a u n c h of J a p a n ' s f i r s t s a t e l l i t e i n l a t e September. (UPI, W -----) News 8/4/69; H a r r i s o n , W P o s t , 9/24/69, ~ 9 ) ---- . K3PC announced c o n t r a c t awards: McDonnell Douglas A s t r o n a u t i c s Co. was awarded $97,340,003 c o s t - p l u s - f ixed-f ee/award-fee c o n t r a c t t o provide f o r two S a t u r n V Workshops--one f o r l a u n c h i n 1972 and second f o r backup. McDonnell Douglas a l s o r e c e i v e d $87,450,033 c o s t - p l u s - f i x e d f e e l a w a r d - f e e c o n t r a c t m o d i f i c a t i o n f o r continued work on two a i r l o c k mxiules f o r Apollo A p p l i c a t i o n s (AA) prograrn c l - a s t e r , i n c l u d i n g t e s t s , checkout, documentation, and l o g i s t i c s s u p p o r t . Boeing Co. r e c e i v e d $25,130,376 c o n t r a c t m o d i f i c a t i o n extending p e r i o d f o r completion o f S a t u r n V 1 s t s t a g e (s-IC-15) from June 30, 1970, t o June 30, 1971. (MSFC Releases 69-199, 69-203, 69-291) �S --e ~ t e r n b e rj: Swedish a i r c r a f t c o n s t r u c t o r Iias Fancher had s a i d t h a t i n 1 9 4 4 A d o f t l i t l e r t o o k d e l i v e r y of f i r s t Junkers 390 a i r c r a f t w i t h 14,403-1-1p engine c o n s t r u c t e d s p e c i a l l y t o bomb New York, Wash 3 indon D a i l y N ~ w sr e p o r t e d . Fancher, p i l o t on a i r c r a f t ' s nonstop t c c t f l i g h t ----bctweeii Ger~narlyanti South America, s a i d plane weighed 93 t o n s w i t h bombs and had planned range f o r nonstop f l i g h t s f r a n Bordeaux i n occupied France t o New York and r e t u r n . A i r c r a f t , d e l i v e r e d t o o l a t e f o r u s e i n war, had been burned by Germans. Comparable a i r c r a f t was n o t b u i l t u n t i l 1955, Fancher s a i d . (W -- News, 9/3/69) September 4: ---- Some NRSA s c i e n t i s t s were h e l p i n g t h e i r communit ier, sncl h i d i n g t h e i r a i d p r o j e c t s "as t h o t h e y were s i n f u l , " Roy Crornley s a i d i n Washington D a i l y News. S c i e n t i s t s were u s i n g space-acquired s k i l l s --------" t o h e l p t h e i r fellolni men i n ways t h e y were u n i q u e l y q u a l i f i e d . " Proj e c t s i n c l u d e d a p p l y i n g systems a n a l y s i s t o a i r p o l l u t i o n problem, p l a n n i n g s c h o o l expansion t o n e e t p a p u l a t i o n expansion, a p p l y i n g systems concept t o town mznagement and t o c i t y p o l i c e f o r c e problems, developing new concepts f o r a i r p o r t p l a n n i n g and new t e c h n i q u e f o r vandalism prevent i o n , d e v e l o p i n g improved communications systems f o r c i t y emergency dep a r t m e n t s , and h e l p i n g an agency develop ways of e v a l u a t i n g p r o p o s a l s L ews f o r s t u d y and development c o n t r a c t s w i t h p r i v a t e i n d u s t r y . (W ) 'li 9/4/69, 23) - Mariner V I September ---- 5: F i r s t measurement o f Mars W dayglou, made d u r i n g ---Mars f l y b y J u l y 31, was r e p o r t e d i n ---Science by Univ. of Colorado a s t r o g e o p h y s i c i s t s C. A. Barth, C. W. Hord, J . B. Pearce, K. K. K e l l y , A. I. S t e w a r t , G. E. Thanas, and G. P. Anderson; Johns Hopkins p h y s i c i s t W. G. F a s t i e ; and J P L ' s 0 . F. Raper. h i s s i o n f e a t u r e s from i o n i z e d carbon d i o x i d e and carbon monoxide were measured i n 1,9130 !? t o b,393 $? s p e c t r a l r e g i o n . Lyman a l p h a 1,216 R l i n e of a t o n i c hydrogen and 1,304 f?, 1,356 !?, and 2,972 f? l i n e s of atomic oxygen were observed. Prime o b j e c t i v e of experim2nt was t o s e a r c h f o r n i t r o g e n i n Martian atmosphere. F i r s t a n a l y s i s had s h o w no evidence of n i t r o g e n emissions i n UV spectrum of upper atmosphere. (--s9 c i e n c e 9/5/69, 1004-5) A s t r o n a u t s Frank Borman, James A. L o v e l l , J r . , and William A. Anders were n m e d winners of 1969 Harmon I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s t r o n a u t ' s Trophy f o r D?c?mber 1968 Apollo ---- 8 mission. Maj. J e r a u l d R. Gentry (uSJF) was awarded A v i a t o r ' s Trophy f o r t e s t i n g HL-10 l i f t i n g - b o d y v e h i c l e . (UPI, w s t a r , 9/7/69, A7) Snptenber 6: ------ �Se tember L -- 6 : - - - - Apollo 11 a s t r o n a u t s a t t e n d e d c e l e b r a t i o n s i n t h e i r hometo%ms. I n Wapalroneta, Ohio, N e i l A. Armstrong was cheered by crowd e s t i m a t e d a t 10 t i m e s normal 7,030 p o p u l a t i o n , addressed teen-age r a l l y , and l e d parade i n c l u d i n g (bv. James A. Rhodes, D r . A l b e r t Sabin ( d e v e l o p ~ rof o r a l p o l i o v a c c i n e ) and comedian Bob Hope--all Ohioans. Edwin E. A l d r i n , J r . , on second v i s i t t o hometown a s a s t r o n a u t , p r e s e n t e d Montclair, N.J., L i b r a r y w i t h autographed photo of plaque l e f t on moon; L i b r a r y named i t s s c i e n c e c o l l e c t i o n i n h i s honor. Astronaut Michael C o l l i n s , who was born i n Rome, I t a l y , v i s i t e d New Orleans, La., a s h i s adopted honetown. He a t t e n d e d luncheon i n h i s honor and v i s i t e d NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility. ( W P o s t , 9/7/69, ~ 3 ) -- September 7: S e l f - t e s t i n g - a n d - r e p a i r i n g (STAR) computer t o d i r e c t imma,nned s p a c e c r a f t on m u l t i y e a r m i s s i o n s t o o u t e r p l a n e t s and i n t e r g a l a c t i c space had p a s s e d p r e l i m i n a r y t e s t s and would b e g i n f u l l - s c a l e ground o p e r a t i o n a t JPL d u r i n g week, JPL anno3mced. Bzlieved f i r s t computer capable o f d e t e c t i n g i t s own f a i l u r e s and r e p a i r i n g i t s e l f , STAR had been developed by D r . A l g i r d a s A. A v i z i e n i s , JPL computer e x p e r t , who was t r y i n g f o r 9% p r o b a b i l i t y t h a t it would l a s t 1 5 y r s , t o c o n t r o l o p e r a t i o n s t o Neptune o r P l u t o i n s o l a r system Grand Tours scheduled f o r l a t e 1970s. During 9-to-11-yr minimum l i f e t i m e , STAR would a u t o m a t i c a l l y s w i t c h on dp t o t h r e e backup u n i t s t o r e p l a c e d e f e c t i v e p a r t s . By 1974, more modest model might r e p l a c e d e f e c t i v e p a r t s t w i c e f o r use on s h o r t e r m i s s i o n s l i k e one t o J u p i t e r . STAR could a l s o a i d i n h o s p i t a l and s u p e r s o n i c - a i r c r a f t automation. (JPL Release 5 32) September-- 8 : NASA's 3 6 3 - f t - t a l l S a t u r n V l a u n c h v e h i c l e , t i p p e d with Apollo 1 2 s p a c e c r a f t scheduled t o c a r r y a s t r o n a u t s toward moon Nov. 1 4 , was p l a c e d on l a u n c h pad a t KSC. (AP, W P o s t , 9/9/69, ~ 2 ) . MSFC announced s e l e c t i o n of McDonnell Douglas Corp. t o r e c e i v e 11-mo, $2,893,986 c o n t r a c t f o r p r e l i m i n a r y d e s i g n and p l a n n i n g f o r 12-man e a r t h - o r b i t a l space s t a t i o n f o r p o s s i b l e mid-1970 launch. S t a t i o n - i n i t i a l element o f l a r g e space base and means of i n v e s t i g a t i n g e f f e c t s o f l o n g - d u r a t i o n space f l i g h t on man--would have 10-yr l i f e t i m e , s u b j e c t t o expendables r e s u p p l y and crew r o t a t i o n . P a r a l l e l e f f o r t was b e i n g conducted by MSC hnd n o r t h American Rockwell Corp. (MSFC Release 69204) . Mexicall P r e s i d e n t Gustavo Diaz 0rd.az announced i n Coahuila, Mexico, t h a t P r e s i d e n t Nixon had a c c e p t e d i n v i t a t i o n f o r Apollo 11 a s t r o n a u t s t o s t a r t round-the-world t o u r i n Mexico. He r e p e a t e d c o n g r a t u l a t i o n s t o -- �September ------ 8 (continued) Government and U.S. people 011 Apollo 11 s u c c e s s . " ~ h eUnited S t a t e s Gave proof o f i t s g r e a t n e s s when it achieved t h i s triumph, but it became even g r e a t e r when t h e y understood it and a c c e p t e d it a s a triumph o f a l l humanity." P r e s i d e n t Nixon was i n Mexico t o a t t e n d d e d i c a t i o n o f Arnistad Dam on Rio Grande. 9/15/69, 1241) -- (g, September 9: ----- NASA's X-24A l i f t i n g - b o d y v e h i c l e , p i l o t e d by Maj. J e r a u l d R . Gentry ( ~ % ~ ) , r e a c h e mach d 0.6 a f t e r a i r - l a u n c h from B-52 a i r c r a f t a t 40,003-ft a l t i t u d e over South Rogers Lake Bed, C a l i f . Purposes of f l i g h t , f o u r t h i n s e r i e s , were t o e v a l u a t e s t a b i l i t y and c o n t r o l d e r i v a t i v e s a t upper f l a p p o s i t i o n s , determine h a n d l i n g q u a l i t i e s , and o b t a i n flow v i s u a l i z a t i o n motion p i c t u r e s o f t u f t s on v e h i c l e ' s a f t p o r t i o n . (NASA P r o j o f f ) . Aerobee 150 M I sounding r o c k e t , launched by NASA from WSMR w i t h VAN-22 b o o s t e r , c a r r i e d C o r n e l l Univ. psyload t o 97.8-mi (157.4-km) a l t i t u d e t o examine sky i n f a r i n f r a r e d (5~-1,600&), u s i n g copper-doped-germanium, t w o gallium-doped-germsnium, and indium-antimonide d e t e c t o r s . Loss o f r e s i d u a l helium a t 1 6 2 s e c s d i s a b l e d a t t i t u d e - c o n t r o l system. Timing f a i l e d i n e x p e r i m e n t a l payload and no u s e f u l s c i e n t i f i c d a t a were o b t a i n e d . Some u s e f u l e n g i n e e r i n g d a t a were c o l l e c t e d . (NASA Rpt SKL) . FRC announced award of $1.8-million NASA c o n t r a c t t o North American Rockwell Corp. f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n of new s u p e r c r i t i c a l a i r c r a f t wing. Wing, which u t i l i z e d a i r f o i l shape w i t h f l a t t o p and r e a r edge curved downward, had been developed by D r . Richard T. vlhitcomb and t e s t e d a t LaRC. Wind t u n n e l t e s t s i n d i c a t e d new shape could a l l o w h i g h l y e f f i c i e n t c r u i s e f l i g h t a t n e a r l y 630 mph a t 45,003-f.t a l t i t u d e . By i n c r e a s i n g c r u i s e speeds w i t h o u t i n c r e a s i n g power, wing might s i g n i f i c a n t l y reduce o p e r a t i o n a l c o s t o f subsonic j e t t r a n s p o r t f l i g h t s and a l l o w f a s t e r t r a v e l , lower f u e l conswnpfion and c o s t s , i n c r e a s e d o p e r a , t i o n a l r a n g e , o r i n c r e a s e d payload. Wing would be mounted on modified Navy F - J f i g h t e r a i r c r a f t a t FRC f o r f l i g h t - t e s t i n g . (FRC Releases 4-69, 15-69) . Former , NASA Apollo Program D i r e c t o r , M/G Samuel C. P h i l l i p s (usAF) r e c e i v e d D i s t i n g u i s h e d S e r v i c e Medal f r ~ mS e c r e t a r y of t h e A i r Force, D r . Robert C . Seariisns, Jr., i n Pentagon ceremonies. Award was f o r achievements w i t h NASA from December 1964 t o August 1969. Gen. P h i l l i p s had l e f t NASA t o becone commander of USAF Spsce and M i s s i l e Systems O r g a n i z a t i o n (SAMSO) i n Los Angeles. (AFJ, 9 / q / 6 9 , 8) �3t7ptember 9: A t Apollo-- 11 splashdown p a r t y a t Shoreham H o t e l i n Washington, i7.C.--attended by Apollo 11 a s t r o n a u t s and wives--NASA A d m i n i s t r a t o r , D r . 'Tllomas 0 . P a i n e , announced new Apollo Achievement Award o f l a p e l He p r e s e n t e d awards t o NASA A s s o c i a t e Adminixtrsbutton and c e r t i f i c a t e . t o r f o r Manned S p w e F l i g h t , D r . George E . Mueller; former Apollo Progravl I l i r e c t o r , L/G Samuel C. P h i l l i p s (USAF); and Deputy D i r e c t o r of Apc,llo P r o c r m George H. Hage. ( ~ e a l e ,W S t a r , 9/10/69, FI.) - - . At f i r s t day ceremonies f o r commemorative moon l a n d i n e stamp i n W ? s h i n ~ t o n , , D. C. Postmaster General Winton M. Blount p r e s e n t e d Apollo 11 Astron3ut s K c . i l A. Armstrong, Edwin E. A l d r i n , Jr. and M ickiael C o l l i n s and IASA , Yi'irnini~trator, D r . Thomas 0. Paine, w i t h albums c o n t a i n i n g 32 s t a a p ; each. Yc s a i d : " I n t h e l a r g e s t sense we pay t r i b u t e t o d a y t o t h e s r i r i t of' man. We cannot s e p a r a t e t h e accomplisk~rnentsof Apollo 11 fro111t h o s e o f Vostok 1; we cannot s e p a r a t e t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n s of Michael C o l l i n s , o r Edwin A l d r i n o r N c i l Armstrbng from t h o s e of 'i)ddard and E i n s t e i n , Kepler and Newton, Copernicus and G a l i l e o . We knob t h i z . And i n t h e knowing a g a i n we f i n d hope. For i f men of a l l n a t i o n s , t o g e t h e r , can achieve dominion over t h e heavens, men o f a l l n a t i o n s , t o g e t h e r , can a c h i e v e peace on e a r t h f o r a l l men f o r a l l t h e . " Armstrong s a i d a s t r o n a u t s had d e f e r r e d c a n c e l l a t i o n of startlps u n t i l t h e y were r e u n i t e d i n CM, J u l y 22. They had t h e n grasped c a n c e l e r simult a n e o u s l y and p r e s s e d it upon d i e - p r o o f v e r s i o n of comemorative stamp a f f i x e d t o m a d d r e s s e d envelope. C a n c e l l a t i o n 3 a t e remained J u l y 23, day o f l u n a r l a n d i n g . (PO Dept Release 135 ; Shandler, W S t a r , 9/10/69, -43) September 1 0 : Nike-Apache sounding r o c k e t launched by NASA from NASA Wallops S t a t i o n c a r r i e d Univ. of Illinois-GCA Corp. payload t o 127.L-mi (205-km) a l t i t u d e t o measure e l e c t r o n d e n s i t y , c o l l i s i o n frequency, and t e m p e r a t u r e i n lower ionosphere on q u a r t e r l y world day. Payload i n cluded dual-frequency p r o p a g a t i o n experiment. Rocket a l t i t u d e was nominal b u t range was o n l y o n e - f o u r t h t h a t p r e d i c t e d . Instrwnznt performance was e x c e l l e n t and good d a t a were expected from a l l e x p e r i msnts. (NASA Rpt SRL) . P a u l G. Dembling, NASA General Counsel s i n c e January 1967, became NASA Deputy A s s o c i a t e A d m i n i s t r a t o r . Dernbling, who had j o i n e d NACA i n 1915, had been p r i n c i p s l d r a f t e r of b i l l which became N a t i o n a l Aeronautics and Spsce Act o f 1958 aqd had r e c e i v e d USA D i s t i n g u i s h e d S e r v i c e Medal i n 1958 f o r c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o d e v e l o p n ~ n to f l e g a l framework o f U.S. a e r o n a u t i c a l and space a c t i v i t i e s . (NASA Release 69-131) �September 10: Study of lunar samples was "bringing to light as msny mysteries as it unravels," New York Times editorial said. Theorists were cautious, with evidence from one small area, Tranquility Base. "It is likely-that the picture will become still-more complex when a representative ,collection of samples becomes available from ten, twenty or thirty areas spread over the entire lunar surface. But even the limitations of the present data suggest strongly that the moon is very different from earth, and therefore has much to teach human science about the origin and evolution of the solar system. The case for intensive scientific study of the moon--conducted in part by geologists and other scientists sent there for on-the-spot invcstigntion--is strong." (KT-, /10/69, 40) September ----11: Press conference on results of Mariner VI (launched Feb. T a n d Mariner ----VII (launched March 27) was Keld at U-SA IHq. Some 203 TV pictures of Mars were taken by two Msriners, including 57 high- and medium-resolution views of selected Mvlsrtian surface areas from altitude of only few hundred miles. Spacecraft smpled Martian atmosphere for temperature, pressure, and chemical constituency and measured surface temperatures in effort to correlate thermal characteristics with features observed in TV pictures. Data indicated Mars was heavily cratered, bleak, cold, dry, nearly airless, and generally hostile to any earth-style life forms. Dr. Robert B. Leighton of Cal Tech said success of TV experiment on spacecraft could be easily shown by comparing actual picture return with projected picture return. "we got nine times the number of far encounter pictures that were originally proposed [few years ago], 2O p3r cent mDre near encounter pictures than were proposed, and 1,103 digital pictures which were entirely imp~ssibleaccording to Mars seemed schemes at the time of the proposal . . . . After Mariner to be like the moon. At last Mariners 6 and 7 have shown Mars to be like Mars and have brought out Marsf own characteristic features, some of them unknown and unrecognized elsewhere in the solar system." Dr. Robert P. Sharp of Cal Tech said Martian terrain could be divided into three types--crater, featureless, and chaotic. Cratered terrain was widespread and common on Mars and resembled moon. Featureless terrain was represented by Hellas area, which appeared to be upland area, 150-nli-wide zone that gently sloped into flat featureless floor. Chaotic terrain had series of "short ridges, little valleys, an3 irregalar, jumbled topography." Chaotic and featureless terrain appeared to be distinctly Martian, suggesting "that on Mars we have either s difference in processes that are operating on the surface or within the crust or ws have a difference of material from one place to �September ---- 11 ( c o n t i n u e d ) arlotller on Mars and d i f f e r e n t t h a n on t h e moon, o r , more l i k e l y , a We a l s o have good r e a s o n f o r b e l i e v i n g t h a t c o ~ n b i n a t i o nof b o t h . t h e e v o l u t i o n a r y h i s t o r y h a s been somewhat d i f f e r e n t . Again, t h e r e a r e s c a r s on t h e f a c e of Mars t h a t we do not s e e on t h e f a c e of t h e moon. And t h e r e have perhaps been episod i c e v e n t s i n Martian h i s t o r y t h 3 t a r e unique t o t h e p l a n e t Mars. We end up w i t h t h e conclusion t h a t Mars i s i t s own p l a n e t . " D r . George C. Pimentel of LJniv. of C a l i f o r n i a a t Berkeley s a i d r e e v a l u a t i o n of i n i t i a l d a t a from i n f r a r e d spectrometer had shown i n f r a r e d s p e c t r a l f e a t u r e s e a r l i e r a s c r i b e d t o methane and aqmonia were a c t u a l l y due t o p r e v i o u s l y undiscovered a b s o r p t i o n s of s o l i d carbon d i o x i d e . R e f l e c t i o n peak recorded t h r e e t i m e s i n atmosphere o f f Mars' b r i g h t l i m b showed presence of s o l i d carbon d i o x i d e a t h i g h a l t i t u d e s and a t l a t i t u d e s n o r t h of' p o l a r cap. Broad a,bsorption n e a r 9 ~ ~ r e c o r d eon d b r i g h t l i m b was a s c r i b e d t o s o l i d s i l i c a o r s i l i c a t e m a t e r i a l and broad a b s o r p t i o n s n e a r 1 2 , k r e c o r d t J n e a r dark limb were t e x t a t i v e l y a s c r i b e d i n p a r t t o s o l i d carban d i o x i d e abave ground. F u r t h e r e x p e r i m e n t a l work was i n p r o g r e s s t o r e f i n e t h e r m a l map. I n i t i a l r e s u l t s o f dV spectrometer experiment were d e t e c t i o n o f i o n i z e d carban d i o x i d e , carbon monoxide, atomic hydrogen, and oxygen. Nitrogen and n i t r i c oxide were n o t d e t e c t e d and no evidence was found o f c l o u d s , b l u e h a z e , o r any a p p r e c i a b l e atmospheric a b s o r p t i o n of UV r a d i a t i o n . D r . Charles A. B ? r t h of Univ. o f Colorado s a i d i m p ~ r t a n t p o i n t " i s t h a t t h e atmosphere of Mars i s d i f f e r e n t t h a n t h e atmosphere o f t h e e a r t h . I f I showed you a spectrum t a k e n t h e same way from t h e upper atmosphere of t h e e a r t h , we would s e e a p l e n t i f u l number o f n i t r o g e n bands. We could s e e emissions from n i t r i c oxide. We could s e e emissions from atomic n i t r o g e n . None of t h o s e f e a t u r e s i s p r e s e n t " i n t h e atmosphere of Mars. D r . Norman H. Horowitz of JPL p r e s e n t e d b i o l o g i c a l i m p l i c a t i o n s here i s n o t h i n g i n t h e new d a t a t h a t o f Mariner 1959 r e s u l t s . encourages t h e b e l i e f t h a t Mars i s a body o f l i f e . But t h e r e s u l t s The Mariner 6 and 7 d a t a s t r e n g t h e n d o n ' t exclude t h i s p o s s i b i l i t y t h e p r e v i o u s c o n c l u s i o n t h a t t h e s c a r c i t y of water on Mars i s t h e most Mars s e r i o u s l i m i t i n g f a c t o r f o r l i f e a s we know it on t h i s p l a n e t i s a c o l d d e s e r t by t e r r e s t r i a l s t a n d a r d s . If t h e r e i s l i f e on Mars, it must be a form of l i f e t h a t can u t i l i z e water i n t h e form of water v a-p x o r i c e . And it i s p o s s i b l e t~ mske even e x t e n s i o n s o f o u r own t e r r e s t r i a l l i f e , e v o l u t i o n a r y a d a p t a t i o n s , b e i n g a b l e t o l i v e under " ( ~ r a n s c r i ~ NASA t; News ele ease) these conditions.. ... .. . .... .... .. �September 11: ------ President Nixon announced intention to nominate Secor D. Browne to be member of Civil Aeronautics Board for remainder of term expiring Dec. 31, 1974. He would replace John H. Crooker, who had resigned effective Sept. 30. Browne would also be designated CAB Chairman. (PT,, 9/15/69, 1249) September 12: NfiSA began distribution, at MSC, cf about 18 lbs ( e . 2 k n s ) of lunar material to 106 U.S. scientific investigators and 36 in eight other countries for university, industrial, and government laboratory analyses. Lot comprised one-third of lunar samples returned by Apollo 1 1. Another 15% would be kept as examples of Tranquility Base material. Remainder would be held for later scientific experiments, with small amount possibly available on loan for public display. Material had been quarantined in LRL since its July 25 return; tests on animal and plant life had shown no ill effects. Interaeency Committee on Back Contamination had approved release of samples to principal investigators or their representatives whose plans for safeguarding material had been approved by MSC officials. Preliminary LRL examinations had disclosed two basic rock types, compacted lunar soil and igneous rocks; rocks had been on lunar surface from 10 to 150 million yrs; and igneous rocks had crystallized from 3 to 4 billion yrs ago. Approximately 3 kgs of sanples would be destroyed during experiments; residues and remaining 5.1 kgs would be returned to NASA. Results of analyses were to be reported early in 1970. Among measurements to be made were those of: pnysical properties of rocks or soil to help in understanding optical observations of moon from earth and future seismic experiments; mineralogy and petrology to show mineral content, amount of water present when rocks crystallized, and how surfaces were eroded by particles; chemical composition of rocks and fines to determine concentration of 92 elements occurring on earth and in meteorites, times of crystallization 01 igneous rocks, and periods rocks had lain on lunar surface. Studies of rare gases in soil would furnish first data on isotopic compositions of solar materials. Biologists and organic chemists would determine structures and abundances of carbon conpounds in and on lunar surface 2nd their origin; catalog microstructures in terms of organized elements and microfossils; and define presence or absence of viable lunar organisms. (WSA Release 69-133) . Spencer M. Beresford, former special counsel of House Committee on Science and Astronautics, was appointed NASA General Counsel succeeding P a u l G. Denbling, new XASA Deputy Associate Administrator [see Sept. 101. (NASA Release 69-173) �w h i t e l[ouse announced P r e s i d e n t ' s Science A d v i s e r , Septertlber 1<': O r . l ~ > Ac. DuUridge, would v i s i t f o u r Western and two E s s t e r n E u ~ o l ) ~ acr oi u n t r i e s i n September and October t o d i s c u s s arrangements f o r i n t e r n a t i o n a l s c i e n t i f i c and t e c h n o l o g i c a l c o o p e r a t i o n and e x p l o r e s p e ~ , i f i cpo:: si b i l i t i e s f o r s t r e n g t h e n i n g e x i s t i n g arrangements. 6 /~~/ L ; ( J ,1 ~ 5 1 ) (z, . Keuterc s a i d NASA had a c c e p t e d o f f e r of French s c u l p t o r Marcel Recher t o b u i l d 1'40-f't "Platform f o r t h e Conquest of t h e ~ o s m o s "a t KSC a s memorial t o f i r s t 1una.r l a n d i n g . Recher was l o o k i n g f o r sponsor t o c o n t r i b u t e $145,003 f o r p r o j e c t . (W ----) Post 9/11/69, A ? ) 1 5 debut of Boeirlg 747 would be delayed by s i x t o e i g h t weeks, Boeing Co. s a i d . P r a t t & Whitney Div. of United A i r c r a f t Corp. had encountered problems i n meeting performance g o a l s i n 362-passenger a i r c r a f t s engines. (NX, 9/13/69, 46) , Dec. Septenber 1 3 : Aerospace Corp. announced e l e c t i o n of D r . T . K e i t h Glennan, P r e s i d e n t Emeritus o f Case I n s t i t u t e o f Technology and f i r s t NASA A d m i n i s t r a t o r ( 1 9 5 8 - 1 9 ~ 1 )a~s Chairman of Board of T r u s t e e s . Sherrod E. Skinner r e t i r e d a s Chairman and L/G James H. D o o l i t t l e ( U S - 4 ~ Ret. , ), Vice Chairman, a l s o r e t i r e d d u r i n g annual meeting of Board of T r u s t e e s . Skinner and Gen. D o o l i t t l e were awarded USAF E x c e p t i o n a l S e r v i c e Award by Under S e c r e t a r y of t h e A i r Force john L. McLucas i n E l Segundo, CRY 9/25/69, ~ 7 8 1 3 ) C a l i f . ceremony S e p t . 1 2 . (Aerospace Release; - , . Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n Curator o f Meteoritics, D r . Kurt F r e d r i k s s o n , a r r i v e d i n Washington, D . C . , c a r r y i n g 1 0 g r o f l u n a r m a t e r i a l from LRL i n n i t r o g e n - f i l l e d p l a s t i c bag i n s i d e s t e e l b r i e f c a s e . One of s i x men i n U.S. who ha? s t u d i e d l u n a r samples, he l a t e r s a i d Smiths o n i a n s c i e n t i s t D r . Bryan H. Mason, c u r r e n t l y i n A u s t r a l i a , would ( ~ o n r o y ,W --,News 9/16/69, 5 ) r e c e i v e a n o t h e r 10-gr s e t . - NASA announced a v a i l a b i l i t y o f E a r t h Photographs from September 1 4 : Gemini V I Through -X I 1 (NASA S P - I ~ ~ ) c, o l l e c t i o n of b e s t 250 p i c t u r e s t a k e n between 1965 and 1967 from a l t i t u d e s between 99 and 550 m i a s Gemini s p a c e c r a f t o r b i t e d e a r t h . F i r s t and l a s t views were of Cape Kennedy, w i t h views of p r i n c i p a l a r e a s w i t h i n 30° l a t i t u d e o f e q u a t o r (NASA Release 69-129) between. �Space Task Group p r e s e n t e d r e p o r t The Post-Apollo Spzce September 15 : D i r e c t i o n s f o r t h e F u t u r e t o P r e s i d e n t Nixon a t White ilouse. Frogran: ---I t recommended b a s i c g o a l of b a l a y e d manned and unmanned space program ~ > o n d u c t e df o r a l l mankind, w i t h emphasis on i n c r e a s e d u t i l i z a t i o n o f :p:i~,e L, ~ p - i b i l i t i e sf o r s e r v i c e s t o man through expanded space a p p l i c a t ionc. ,)romr?rn; enhance-nent of U.S. defense p o s t u r e f o r world peace and . ; i . , i ~ r i t ythrouch e x p l o i t a t i o n of space t e c h n i q u e s f o r m i l i t a r y m i s s i o n s ; c o n t i n u i n g s t r o n g progran of l u n a r and p l a n e t a r y e x p l o r a t i o n , astronomy, pliy::ics, and e a r t h and l i f e s c i e n c e s ; development o f new systems and t e c h n o l o r y f o r space o p e r a t i o n s , emphasizing commonality, r e u s a b i l i t y , and economy through developmant of new space t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c a p a b i l i t y and s p s c e s t a t i o n modules; and promotion of world community t h r o u g h program of broad i n t e r n a t i o n a l p a r t i c i p a t i o n and c o o p e r a t i o n . As f o c u s f o r development of new c a p a b i l i t y , Task Group r e c o m ~ e n d e d U.S. a c c e p t long-range g o a l of manned p l a n e t a r y e x p l o r a t i o n w i t h manned Mars mission b e f o r e end of century. A c t i v i t i e s l e a d i n g t o g o a l should i n c l u d e i n i t i a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n on d u a l theme of e x p l o i t i n g e x i s t i n g c a p a b i l i t y and developing new one w h i l e m a i n t a i n i n g program balance w i t h i n a v a i l a b l e r e s o u r c e s ; o p e r a t i o n a l phase u s i n g new s y s t e m and c a p a b i l i t i e s i n earth-moon space, w i t h men l i v i n g agd working i n t h a t environment f o r extended p e r i o d s ; and manned e x p l o r a t i o n m i s s i o n s o u t o f earth-moon space, u s i n g experience of e a r l i e r two phases. Schedule and b u d g e t a r y i m p l i c a t i o n s o f phases were s u b j e c t t o P r e s i d e n t i a . 1 c h o i c e , w i t h d e t a i l e d progran t o be determined i n normal a n n u a l budget and progrartl review. R e p ~ r to u t l i n e d t h r e e p o s s i b l e NASA p r o g r a m f o r manned Mars l a n d i n g b e f o r e c e n t u r y ' s end. Option I would launch manned m i s s i o n i n mid-lgUUs and would e s t a b l i s h o r b i t i n g l u n a r s t a t i o n , 50-man e a r t h o r b i t i n g space b a s e , and l u n a r s u r f a c e base. Funding would r i s e from c u r r e n t $ 4 - b i l l i o n l e v e l t o $8- t o $ 1 0 - b i l l i o n l e v e l i n 1980. D e c i s i o n t o proceed w i t h development o f space s t a t i o n , e a r t h - t o - o r b i t s h u t t l e , and space t u g would be r e q u i r e d i n FY 1971. Option I1 would i n c l u d e Mars mission l a u n c h i n 1986, allowing f o r e v a l u a t i o n of unmanned Mars m i s s i o n r e s u l t s b e f o r e f i n a l d e s i g n a t i o n of l a n d i n g d a t e and r e q u i r e about $ 9 - b i l l i o n maximum annual e x p e n d i t u r e i n e a r l y 1980s. Option 111 would i n c l u d e i n i t i a l developnent of space s t a t i o n and r e u s a b l e s h u t t l e s , a s i n Options I and 11, b u t wauld d e f e r d e c i s i o n on manned Mars l a n d i n g d a t e w h i l e m a i n t a i n i n g g o a l o f a f t e r 1990 but b e f o r e c l o s e of c e n t u r y . Concurrent developnent of space t r a n s p o r t a t i o n s y s t e x and modular space s t a t i o n s would r e q u i r e r i s e i n 1976 a n n u a l e x p e n d i t u r e s t o $5.7 b i l l i o n , w h i l e t h e i r development i n s e r i e s would e n t a i l $1- t o 5 - b i l l i o n funding l e v e l . �Septt1ml)er 15 ( c o ~ i t i n u e d ) Iiec~nmmertded1101) o p t j orls were : (A) program o f f u l l m i l i t a r y sparSF. c a p a b i l i t y i l l c a s e of o v e r t t h r e a t t o n a t i o n a l s e c u r i t y , ( B ) development of' c7Tfurt,r t o c o ~ ~ er lrt known and a cccpt ecl p r o j e c t i o n s of s e c u r i t y t,E~resf, 311cL i n c r e a s e i n development a c t i v i t i e s if t h r e a t i n c r e a s e d , and ( c ) pror:ram of lower l e v e l systenl deployment w i t h technology arld support e f f o r t n e c e s s a r y f o r contingency planning on assumption t h a t l e s s e n i n ~ o f world t e n s i o n s would recl~lce emphasis on na.tiona1 d e f e n s e . A t White House b r i e f i n g f o l l o w i n g p r e s e n t r t i o n , p r e s s s e c r e t s r y lio~laldL . Z i e g l e r s a i d P r e s i d e n t Nixon had concurred i n Task Group' r e j e c t i o n of two o t h e r , extreme space p r o g r a m , one t o l s n d men on iilarr, a s roan a s p o s s i b l e , r e g a r d l e s s o f c o s t , and one t o e l i m i n a t e manned f l ic:11t program a f t e r completion o C Apollo. IIe d i d not know dncn P r e s i d e n t would make d e c i s i o n on course t o f o l l o w , b u t b u d g e t s r y cons i t i c r a t i o n s would be major f a c t o r . ( ~ e x;t PI), 9 / 2 2 / ~ 9 , l;)31; IJYT. <?/lG/G9, 1) A - - - . __I IT. S . S. R . l a i ~ n c h e dCosmos C C X C V I I I from Baikonur i n t o o r b i t w i t h 1 6 2 - k m (1~33. ( - m i ) spogee, 127-km (78.9-mi) p e r i g e e , 87. 3-min p e r i o d , and 1 1 9 . ~ ~ i u c l i u a t ioll. S a t e l l i t e r e e n t e r e d same day. (GSPC -' SSR 7/15/63; < l , ' l ( ~ /9, & 81 ) @, . Llulnr Kock Conference was h e l d a t Smithsonia.n I n s t i t u t i o n , w i t h p a r t i c i p s . tion of E r . Thomas 0. P?.ine, NASA Administra.tor; D r . I-Ienry J. Smith, NqSA Llep~ltyA s s o c i a t e A d m i n i s t r a t o r ( S c i e n c e ) ; and Lunar Receiving L a b ~ r a t c r ys c i e n t i s t s . During conference NASA r e l e a s e d PET Swnnary ofAp?llo 11 Lu.nzr S a n p l e s , r e p o r t of 63-day p r e l i m i n a r y examination of ~ ! _ ~ ) S C ----~ - A11~ l~u n~a rO samples i n LRL by u n i v e r s i t y and Government s c i e n t i s t s on NASA P r e l i m i n a r y E x a n i n a t i o n Team (PET). Regort confirmed e x i s t e n c e of unexplained e r o s i o n p r o c e s s on l u n a r s u r f 2ce i n d i c a t e d i n Ranger, Lunar O r b i t e r , and Surveyor p h o t o s , " u n l i k e ally p r o c e s s s o f a r observed on e a r t h " ; s a i d unique chemical composition ( t h a t o f s i l i c a t e l i q u i d ) o f T r a n q u i l i t y Base f i n e s and igneous r o c k s " i m p l i e s e i t h e r t h e camgosition of t h e r o c k from vinich t h e l i q u i d was d e r i v e d d i f f e r s s i g n i f i c a n t l y from t h a t of .the m ~ n t l e of t h e e a r t h , o r t h a t t h e mechanism by which t h e l i q u i d was formed d i f f e r s from analogous t e r r e s t r i a l p r o c e s s e s " ; and concluded t h e r e ??as "very good chance t h a t t h e t i m e of c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n of some of t h e Apollo 11 r o c k s may d a t e back t o t i m e s e a r l i e r t h a n t h e o l d e s t r o c k s on e a r t h . " Samples could be d i v i d e d i n t o f i n e - and medium-grained c r y s t a l l i n e o f igneous o r i g i n , b r e c c i a s of conplex o r i g i n , and f i n e s . C r y s t a l l i n e r o c k s d i f f e r e d from any t e r r e s t r i a l r o c k and from m2teorS.tes i n mo3al mineralogy and b u l k chemistry. E r o s i o n had �September 15 -- (c>ontinued) lie(-ornmended T)OI) o p t i orls were : ( A ) program o f f u l l m i l i t a r y spa.cc: c - a p n b i l i t y i n c a s e of o v e r t t h r e a t t o n a t i o n a l s e c u r i t y , ( B ) deveJoprnr>rlt ui' erfor1,c t o courlter known and a(-vepted p r o j e c t i o n s o f s e c u r i t y t,hrest, alld i n c r e a s e i n development a c t i v i t i e s if t h r e a t i n c r e a s e d , and ( c ) prar:r-am of lower l e v e l systenl deployment w i t h technology arld support e f C o r t n e c e s s a r y f o r contingency planning on assumption t h a t l e s s e n i n ~ o f world t e n s i o n s would reclilce emphasis on n a t i o n a l d e f e n s e . A t White House b r i e f i n g followirlg p r e s e n t q t i o n , p r e s s s e c r e t a r y R o ~ ~ s lL. d Z i e g l e r s a i d P r e s i d e n t Nixon had concurred i n Ta s k Group ' r e j e c t i o n o f two o t h e r , extreme space p r o g r a m , one t o l a n d men on i 4 ~ r s a s FOOII a s p o s s i b l e , r e g a r d l e s s of c o s t , and one t o e l i m i n a t e msnned fl iivlit program a f t e r completion of Apollo. lie d i d n o t know ~ir1t.n P r e s i d e n t would make d e c i s i o n on course t o f o l l o w , b u t b u d i r t s r y cons i c l c r a t i o n ~would be major f a c t o r . ( T P X ~ ; PD, 9/22/69, 1;"31-; IJYT, 9/11;/(:9, 1) - - . IJ.S. S.R . la1.mched Cosmos C C X C V I I I from B3ikonur i n t o o r b i t w i t k ~lG2-kr1 (103. (-mi ) 3 p ~ g e e ,127-km (78.9-mi) p e r i g e e , 87. ;-min p e r i o d , and 49. G O F n c l i l l a t i o ~ l . S s t e l l i t e r e e n t e r e d s3me day. (GSFC -7SSR 9/15/69; ~1,/1'3/6'3, 81 ) m, . LIu!l3r riozli Conference was h e l d a t Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n , > i i t h p s r t i c i p ? t i o n o f E r . Thomas 0. P s i n e , NASA Arlministrator; D r . IIenry J. Smith, WAS.% l'leputy A s s o c i a t e A d m i n i s t r a t o r ( s c i e n c e ) ; and Lunar Receiving L a b - r a t c r . ~s c i e n t i s t s . During conference NASA r e l e a s e d PET Sumnary of " -A p l l o 1 1 Lunar S a n p l e s , r e p ~ of t 63-clay p r e l i m i n a r y examination of - ---Ibs of A ~----o l l o11 l u n a r samples i n LRL by u n i v e r s i t y and Government s 2 i e n t i s t s on NASA P r e l i m i n a r y Exanination Team (PET). Report confirmed e x i s t e n c e of unexplained e r o s i o n p r o c e s s on l u n a r s u r f a c e i n d i c a t e d i n Ranger, Lunar O r b i t e r , and Surveyor photos, " u n l i k e any p r o c e s s s o f a r observed on e a r t h " ; s a i d unique chemical composition ( t h a t o f s i l i c a t e l i q u i d ) o f T r a n q u i l i t y Base f i n e s and igneous r o c k s " i m p l i e s e i t h e r t h e composition of t h e r o c k from which t h e l i q u i d was d e r i v e d d i f f e r s s i g n i f i c a n t l y from t h a t of t h e mantle of t h e e a r t h , o r t h a t t h e mechanism by which t h e l i q u i d was formed d i f f e r s from analogou-s t e r r e s t r i a l p r o c e s s e s f f ; and concluded t h e r e Tras "very good chance t h a t t h e t i m e of c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n o f some of t h e Apollo 11 r o c k s may d a t e back t o t i m e s e a r l i e r t h a n t h e o l d e s t r o c k s on e a r t h . " Ssrrlples could be d i v i d e d i n t o f i n e - alnd medium-grained c r y s t a l lLne o f igneous o r i g i n , b r e c c i a s o f cornplex o r i g i n , and f i n e s . C r y s t a l l i n e r o c k s d i f f e r e d from any t e r r e s t r i a l r o c k and from rrl3teor5.tes i n modal mineralogy and b u l k chemistry. Erosion had - �Se tember 15 ( continu ed) P -- o c c u r r e d on l u n a r s u r f a c e b u t t h e r e was no evidence it was caused by s u r f a c e w a t e r . Probable presence of assemblage i r o n - t r o i l i t e - i l m e n i t e and absence of any h y d r a t e d phase i n d i c a t e d c r y s t a l l i n e r o z k s were formed under extremely low p a r t i a l p r e s s u r e s of oxygen, w a t e r , and c u l f u r . Absence of h y d r a t e d m i n e r a l s sug5ested absence o f any s u r f a c e water a t T r a n q u i l i t y Base s i n c e rocks were exposed. Rocks and f i n e s showed evidence o f shock o r impact metamorphism; a l l r o c k s d i s p l a y e d g l a s s - l i n e d s u r f a c e p i t s p a s s i b l y caused by impact o f s m a l l p a r t i c l e s ; and f i n e m z t e r i a l and b r e c c i a c o n t a i n e d g a s e s t h a t i n d i c a t e d t h e y were d e r i v e d from s o l a r wind. Measurements on igneous r o c k i n d i c a t e d c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n 3 b i l l i o n t o 5 b i l l i o n yrs ago. Rocks had been w i t h i n one meter of s u r f a c e f o r 20 m i l l i o n t o 160 m i l l i o n s y r s . L e v e l of indigenous v o l a t i l i z a b l e and/or p y r o l y z a b l e o r g a n i c m s t e r i a l wss extremely low. A l l r o c k s and f i n e s were g e n e r a l l y s i m i l a r chemically. Major and minor c o n s t i t u e n t s were sane a s i n t e r r e s t r i a l igneous r o c k s 2nd ~ n e t e o r i t e s , b u t d i f f e r e n c e s i n composition were s i g n i f i c a n t . E l e ments t h a t were e n r i c h e d i n i r o n m e t e o r i t e s were n o t observed o r were v e r y low i n occurrence. No evidence of b i o l o g i c a l m a t e r i a l had been found. T r a n q u i l i t y Bzse s o i l was f i n e g r a i n e d , g r a n u l a r , cohesive, and w i t h hardness i n c r e a s i n g a t s i x - i n c h depth. it was s i m i l a r i n appearance and behavior t o s o i l a t Surveyor l a n d i n g sites. (program; Text ; ---' Science 9/19/69) . NASA announced withdrawal of t h r e e Apollo range i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n s h i p s - USNS Redstone, Mercu_ry_, and Huntsville--from t r a c k i n g network s u p p o r t i n g Apollo f l i g h t s . Remaining t r a c k i n g s h i p , USNS Vanguard, would be c o n t i n u e d on s t a t i o n i n A t l a n t i c about 1 , 0 0 0 m i s o u t h e a s t of Bermu-da. NASA s a i d r e d u c t i o n of Apollo s h i p support was based on h i g h s u c c e s s o f Apollo m i s s i o n s , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e i r e x c e l l e n t "launch on t i m e " (NASA Release 69-133) record. . ------ House passed H . J . R . 775, t o a u t h o r i z e P r e s i d e n t " t o award a p p r o p r i a t e medals honoring t h o s e a s t r o n a u t s whose p a r t i c u l a r e f f o r t s and c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e w e l f a r e of t h e Nation and of mankind have been excep(CJ, ~ 8 7 0 - 2 ) t i o n a l l y m e r i t o r i o u s . 'I September 1 6 : A s t r o n a u t s N e i l A. Armstrong, Edwin E. A l d r i n , J r . , and Michael C o l l i n s r e p o r t e d on Apollo 11 m i s s i o n t o j o i n t s e s s i o n of Congress c a l l e d i n t h e i r honor. A s t r o n a u t Armstrong s a i d : "Several weeks ago I enjoyed t h e warmth of r e f l e c t i o n on t h e t r u e meanings of t h e s p i r i t of Apollo. I s t o o d i n t h e h i g h l a n d s o f t h i s Nation, n e a r �September 1 6 ( c o n t i n u e d ) t h e C o n t i n e n t a l D i v i d e , i n t r o d u c i n g t o my sons t h e wonders of n a t u r e qnd p l e a s u r e s of l o o k i n g f o r d e e r and f o r e l k . I n t h e i r enthusiasm f o r t h e view t h e y f r e q u e n t l y stumbled on t h e rocky t r a i l s , b u t when t h e y looked o n l y t o t h e i r f o o t i n g , t h e y d i d not s e e t h e e l k . To t h o s e of you who have advocated l o o k i n g h i g h we owe o u r s i n c e r e g r a t i t u d e , f o r you have g r a n t e d u s t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o s e e some of t h e g r a n d e s t views of t h e C r e a t o r . To t h o s e of you who have been o u r honest c r i t i c s , we a l s o t h a n k , f o r you have reminded us t h a t we d a r e not f o r g e t t o wstch t h e trail. " A s t r o n a u t A l d r i n s a i d : "Our s t e p s i n space have been a symbol o f t h i s c o u n t r y ' s way o f L i f e a s we open o u r doors and windows t o t h e world t o view o u r s u c c e s s e s and f a i l u r c s and a s we s h a r e w i t h a l l n a t i o n s our d i s c o v e r y . The S a t u r n , Columbia, and Eagle, and t h e e x t r a v e h i c u l a r m o b i l i t y u n i t have proved.. . t h a t t h i s Nation can produce equipment of t h e h i g h e s t q u a l i t y and d e p e n d a b i l i t y . T h i s should g i v e a l l o f us hope and i n s p i r a t i o n t o overcome some of t h e more d i f f i c u l t problems h e r e on ? a r t h . The Apollo l e s s o n i s t h a t n a t i o n a l g o a l s can be met where t h e r e i s a s t r o n g enough w i l l t o do so. " A s t r o n a u t C o l l i n s s a i d : "We have t a k e n t o t h e moon t h e wealth of t h i s Nation, t h e v i s i o n of i t s p o l i t i c a l l e a d e r s , t h e i n t e l l i g e n c e o f i t s s c i e n t i s t s , t h e d e d i c a t i o n of i t s e n g i n e e r s , t h e c a r e f u l craftsmans h i p of i t s workers, and t h e e n t h u s i a s t i c support of i t s p e o p l e . We have brought back r o c k s . And I t h i n k it i s a f a i r t r a d e . For j u s t a s t h e R o s e t t a s t o n e r e v e a l e d t h e language of a n c i e n t Egypt, s o may t h e s e r o c k s unlock t h e mystery of t h e o r i g i n of t h e mom, of our e a r t h , and even of o u r s o l a r system. " A s t r o n a u t s p r e s e n t e d Congress w i t h two U. S. f l a g s which p r e v i o u s l y had flown o v e r Senate and House of C a p i t o l and had been c a r r i e d t o moon aboard Apollo 1 1 spacecraft. 9/16/69, ~ 9 3 7 - 9 ) (s, . At Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n ceremony a t t e n d e d by Apollo 11 A s t r o n a u t s , NASA A d m i n i s t r a t o r , D r . Thomas 0. P a i n e , p r e s e n t e d two-pound, g r e y , l u n a r r o c k of igneous, b r e c c i a t y p e t o Smithsonian S e c r e t a r y , D r . S. D i l l o n R i p l e y , f o r Smithsonian c o l l e c t i o n . It would be s e a l e d i n n i t r o g e n - f i l l e d c o n t a i n e r covered by t h r e e - f o o t g l a s s bubble and d i s p l a y e d t o p u b l i c beginning S e p t . 17 f o r i n d e f i n i t e p e r i o d i n A r t s and I n d u s t r i e s Building. A t p r e s e n t a t i o n , A s t r o n a u t Edwin E. A l d r i n , J r , , s a i d : "Every human b e i n g , every animal who has looked up i n t o t h e heavens h a s seen t h a t rock. It i s a f o r t u n a t e t i m e f o r mankind t o l o o k up and be a b l e t o say, ' h e r e i s t h e moon. ' " (Smiths o n i a n Release SI-150-69; S h e l t o n , W P o s t , 9/17/69, ~ 1 ) -- �S e n a t e passed H . J . R . 775, " t o a u t h o r i z e t h e P r e s i d e n t t o 16: award, i n t h e naze o f Congress, Congressional Space Medals o f Honor t o t h o s e a s t r o n a u t s whose p s r t i c u l a r e f f o r t s and c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e welfare of t h e Nation and of mankind have been e x c e p t i o n a l l y m e r i t o r i o u s . " (g, 9/16/69, ~ 1 0 6 3 0 ) September - . New ---- -- Yorli Times e d i t o r i a l commented on Apollo 11 and Mariner V I and V I I : "The unprecedented advances i n t h e s t u d y b o t h o f t h e moon and of M3rs d u r i n g t h e p a s t few weeks have produced a s t u n n i n g crop of s u r p r i s e s about b o t h c e l e s t i a l bodies. On t h e c l o s e s t examination y e t , t h e s e neighbors i n space have proved f a r more complex and s t r a n g e t h a n p r e v i o u s t h e o r i e s have l e d men t o b e l i e v e . And t h e m a g n i f i c e n t , l i f e l e s s d e s o l a t i o n of t h e l u n a r and Martian s u r f a c e s emphasizes more t h a n e v e r how wonderful it i s and how l i t t l e s c i e n c e u n d e r s t a n d s why it i s t h a t t h i s t h i r d p l a n e t from t h e sun i s s o u n i q u e l y g r e e n , v i b r a n t and overrunning w i t h l i f e . " 9/16/69, 40) (m, September 17: Spsce Task Group r e p o r t t o P r e s i d e n t on post-Apollo spsce program [ s e e S e p t . 151 was r e l e a s e d a t White House p r e s s conference by Vice P r e s i d e n t S p i r o T . Agnew and Space Task Force Group msrnbers D r . Thomas 0. P a i n e , NASA A d m i n i s t r a t o r ; D r . Robert C. Seaxans, J r . , S e c r e t a r y of t h e A i r Force; D r . Lee A. DuBridge, P r e s i d e n t i a l Science A d v i s e r ; and Willim A. Anders, NASC Executive S e c r e t a r y . Vice P r e s i d e n t Agnew s a i d Group had r e j e c t e d " c r a s h program of t h e magnitude t h a t would t u r n l o o s e every b i t of o u r t e c h n o l o , ? i c a l a b i l i t y " t o a c h i e v e q u i c k e s t p o s s i b l e manned Mars l a n d i n g because " t h e r e a r e competing p r i o r i t i e s i n a d i f f i c u l t time of i n f l a t i o n . " Group had a l s o r e j e c t e d "foregoing t h e s u b s t a n t i a l b e n e f i t s t h a t have come out o f t h e Apollo p r o g r a z , t h e b e n e f i t s of N a t i o n a l p r e s t i g-e . " D r . Paine s a i d a l l t h r e e o p t i o n s recommended t o P r e s i d e n t i n r e p o r t would e n a b l e NASA t o "hold t o g e t h e r t h e team" and g r o v i d e "major c h a l l e n g e . " D r . DuBridge s a i d a l l t h r e e o p t i o n s h e l d "heavy emphasis on e a r t h a p p l i c a t i o n s , s a t e l l i t e s , f o r s t u d y i n g t h e geology, t h e geography, t h e atmosphere of t h e oceans o f t h e e a r t h and b r i n g i n g space t e c h n o l o g y d i r e c t l y and immediately t o t h e b e n e f i t o f t h e p e o p l e on e a r t h . A 1 1 t h r e e programs a l s o . . . i n c l u d e heavy emphasis on s c i e n t i f i c programs, t o extend o u r s c i e n t i f i c knowledge o f t h e e a r t h i t s e l f , of t h e moon, through a d d i t i o n a l l u n a r e x p e d i t i o n s , i n t e r p l a n e t a r y spsce and a d d i t i o n a l s c i e n t i f i c i n f o r m a t i o n about t h e moon and t h e p l a n e t s . " He a l s o c i t e d emphasis on i n t e r n a t i o n a l collaboration. (Transcript ) �September 17 ( c o n t i n u e d ) NASA r e l e a s e d America's Next Decade i n Space: A Report f o r t h e Space Task Group. Major p o i n t s had been i n c o r p o r a t e d i n Task Group r e p o r t [ s e e Sept. 151. ( ~ e x t ) . First day of p u b l i c d i s p l a y of l u n a r r o c k a t Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n a t t r a c t e d 8,200 v i s i t o r s , i n c l u d i n g former NASA A d m i n i s t r a t o r James E . Webb. Webb s a i d : he rock r e p r e s e n t s a l l t h e work and a l l t h e submergence of p e r s o n a l ambitions t h a t thousands p u t i n t o t h e space e f f o r t . It proves we have t h e s c i e n t i f i c , t e c h n i c a l and managerial c a p a b i l i t y o f expanding our space v a l u e s f o r use urlder t h e s e a , on t h e l a n d and i n t h e a i r . " (Schaden, W S t a r , 9/18 '63, - ~4 . S e n a t e adopted by 85-0 v o t e a ~ e n d m e n t o f f e r e d by Sen. William Proxmire (D- is ) t o S. 2546, FY 1970 m i l i t a r y procurement a u t h o r i z a t i o n , which would r e q u i r e s t u d y and review by Comptroller General o f p r o f i t s made by Government a g e n c i e s , i n c l u d i n g NASA, on c o n t r a c t s f o r which t h e r e (CR, ~ 1 0 7 4 3 - 5 2 ) had been no f o r m a l l y a d v e r t i s e d c o m p e t i t i v e b i d d i n g . . - . Rep. George A. Goodling (R-pa. ) i n t r o d u c e d H.R. 13838 " t o p r o v i d e f o r t h e distribution t o t h e several States, f o r display t o t h e public.. samples of t h e l u n a r r o c k s and o t h e r l u n a r m a t e r i a l s brought back by t h e Apollo 11 mission. " 9/17/69, ~ 8 0 9 8 ) . (s, . h he space age i s h e r e t o s t a y , b u t t h e p r e c i s e New York Times e d i t o r i a l : c o n t o u r s o f how f a r and how f a s t t h i s n a t i o n w i l l go i n t h e decades ahead w i l l have t o be determined on a pragmatic b a s i s , almost y e a r by y e a r and A d m i n i s t r a t i o n by A d m i n i s t r a t i o n . 9/17/69, 40) (m, September 1 8 : U.S.S.R. launched Cosmos CCXCIX from Baikonur i n t o o r b i t w i t h 2l9-Xrn (136.1-mi) apogee, 2 0 7 - k m ' m - m i ) p e r i g e e , 89.2-min (GSFC p e r i o d , and 64.9' i n c l i n a t i o n . S a t e l l i t e r e e n t e r e d Sept. 22. SSR, 9130169; E , 9/19/69, 8 1 ) -- . NASA's HL-10 l i f t i n g - b o d y v e h i c l e , p i l o t e d by NASA t e s t p i l o t John A . Manke, reached 79,000-ft a l t i t u d e and mach 1 . 3 9 a f t e r a i r - l a u n c h from B-52 a i r c r a f t west of Rosamond, C a l i f . Parpose of f l i g h t , 25th i n s e r i e s and 1 2 t h u s i n g engine, was t o o b t a i n s t a b i l i t y and c o n t r o l d a t a a t v a r i o u s a n g l e s o f a t t a c k i n speed range around mach 1 . 2 . (NASA P r o j o f f ) �- September 1 8 : NASA and AEC announced s u c c e s s f u l completion of NERVA n u c l e a r e x p e r i m e n t a l r o c k e t engine ( X E ) t e s t i n g i n J a c k a s s F l a t s , Nev. T e s t s , conducted from March through August, had i n c l u d e d 28 s u c c e s s f u l engine s t a r t u p s and 3 h r s 48 min cumulative o p e r a t i n g t i m e , w i t h 3.5 min a t f u l l power (55,000-lb t h r u s t ) . XE program had explored wide v a r i e t y of o p e r a t i n g modes and p r e s s u r e and temp-rature c o n d i t i o n s , demonstrated automatic s t a r t u p s u s i n g boot s t r a p t e c h n i q u e s , demonstrated s t a b i l i t y o f n u c l e a r r o c k e t engine performance, and v a l i d a t e d d e s i g n and o p e r a t i o n o f engine t e s t s t a n d No. 1. XE engine r u n s concluded s e r i e s of s u c c e s s f u l t e c h n o l o g y t e s t s over s e v e r a l y e a r s . Design and development o f f l i g h t - r a t e d 7 5 , 0 0 0 - l b - t h r u s t NERVA r o c k e t was being i n i t i a t e d on b a s i s o f i n f o r m a t i o n produced. Nuclear r o c k e t p r o g r m was managed (NASA Release 69-134; b y AEC-NASA S p x e Nuclear P r o p u l s i o n O f f i c e . AEC-NAS4 Release M - 2 l 6 ) . . NASA A d m i n i s t r a t o r , D r . Thomas 0 . Paine, and Chairman o f I n d i a n Spsce Research O r g a n i z a t i o n , D r . Vikrarn A. S a r a b h a i , on b3half of I n d i a and U.S. s i g n e d agreement a t XASA Hq. t o p r o v i d e d i r e c t TV b r o a d c a s t s from s a t e l l i t e t o soTe 5,030 s m a l l I n d i a n v i l l a , g e s . Broadcasts would b f i r s t from s a t e l l i t e t o sfla11 r e c e i v e r s withoat ground r e l a y . E x p e r i ment would u t i l i z e ATS-F, s i x t h i n NASA s e r i e s of A p p l i c a t i o n s Technology S a t e l l i t e s , scheduled f o r mid-1972 launch. I n d i a would u s e e x p e r i m e n t a l ground s t a t i o n a t Ahmedabad and o t h e r s t o t r a n s m i t TV programs t o s a t e l l i t e , which would r e l a y them t o v i l l a g e r e c e i v e r s . I n c r e a s e d onboard power and deployable s a t e l l i t e antenna w i t h h i g h (NASA Release p o i n t i n g a c c u r a c y m2de d i r e c t b r o a d c a s t p o s s i b l e . 69-135) S e n a t e began c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f 1I.R. 11271, FY 1970 NASA a u t h o r i z a t i o n b i l l passed by House June 1 0 and r e p o r t e d w i t h amendment i n form of s u b s t i t u t e b i l l by S e n a t e Committee on A e r o n a u t i c a l and Spsce S c i e n c e s June 24. Sen. William Proxmire (D- is.) i n t r o d u c e d new earmarked f o r S e c t i o n 7: " O f t h e funds a u t h o r i z e d . . . $ 3 30,030,000 o p e r a t i o n of t h e Apollo m i s s i o n s s h a l l not be o b l i g a t e d o r expended u n t i l t h e A d m i n i s t r a t o r , i n c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h t h e S t a t e Department, has f u l l y explored t h e p o s s i b i l i t i e s of i n t e r n a t i o n a l cooperation and c o s t - s h a r i n g i n space e x p l o r a t i o n , and h a s r e p o r t e d t o Congress on t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e s e e f f o r t s . " E f f o r t s should i n c l u d e p o s s i b i l i t y o f e s t a b l i s h i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l consortium w i t h NASA a s manager of o p e r a t i o n s o r p o s s i b i l i t y of b r i n g i n g space e x c l u s i v e l y w i t h i n U.N. j u r i s d i c t i o n agd c o n t r o l , e s t a b l i s h i n g "United Nations Space Council 9/18/69, S10895 modeled a f t e r t h e World Health Organization. " 907 ) ... (g, �Sqtember 18: P r e s i d e n t Nixon addrcs::cd 24th s e s s i o n of U . N . General Assembly: "Of a l l man's g r e a t ~ n t e r p r i s e s ,none l e n d s i t s e l f more l o g i c a l l y o r more compellingly t o i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o o p e r a t i o n t h a n t h e v e n t u r e i n t o space. Iiere, t r u l y , mankind i s one: a s f e l l o w creatures from t h e p l a n e t E a r t h , e x p l o r i n g t h e heavens t h a t a l l o f u s enjoy. Tlie journey of Apollo 1 1 t o t h e moon and back was not an end, but t h e beginning. here w i l l be new journcys of d i s c o v e r y . Beyond t h i s , we a r e J u s t beginning t o comprehend t h e b e n e f i t s t h a t space technology can y i e l d h e r e on e a r t h . And t h e p o t e n t i a l i s enormous. For example, we a r e now developing e a r t h r e s o u r c e survey s a t e l l i t e s , w i t h t h e f i r s t e x p e r i m e n t a l s a t e l l i t e t o be launched sometime e a r l y i n t h e decade of t h e s e v e n t i e s . P r z s e n t i n d i c a t i o n s a r e t h a t t h e s e s a t e l l i t e s should be capable of y i e l d i n g d a t a which could a s s i s t i n a s w i d e l y v a r i e d t a s k s a s t h e s e : t h e l o c a t i o n of schools of f i s h i n t h e oceans, t h e l o c a t i o n o f m i n e r a l d e p o s i t s on l a n d , t h e h e a l t h of a g r i c u l t u r a l crops. "I f e e l it i s o n l y r i g h t t h a t we should s h a r e b a t h t h e a d v e n t u r e s and t h e b e n e f i t s o f space. As a n example of our p l a n s , we have d e t e r mined t o t a k e a c t i o n s w i t h r e g a r d t o e a r t h r e s o u r c e s s a t e l l i t e s . . The purpose. i s t h a t t h i s program w i l l be d e d i c a t e d t o produce i n f o r mation not o n l y f o r t h e United S t a t e s , but a l s o f o r t h e world community. We s h a l l be p u t t i n g s e v e r a l p r o p o s a l s i n t h i s r e s p e c t b e f o r e t h e United N a t i o n s . These a r e among t h e p o s i t i v e , c o n c r e t e s t e p s we i n t e n d t o t a k e toward i n t e r n a t i o n a l i z i n g man ' s e p i c v e n t u r e i n t o space- -and adventure t h a t belongs n o t t o one n a t i o n but t o a l l mankind. " 9/22/69, 127581) .. .. (g, . Post O f f i c e Dept. announced d e l a y i n d e l i v e r y of moon l a n d i n g stamp f i r s t day c o v e r s because of "unprecedented number o f r e q u e s t s . " P r o c e s s i n g crew of 100--more t h a n t w i c e number normally employed--were working l o n g e r s h i f t s w i t h more s p e c i a l c a n c e l i n g equipment t h a n e v e r b e f o r e t o handle "response from people a l l over t h e world." (PO Dept P h i l a t e l i c Release 50) . L i s t of U. S. a t t e m p t s d u r i n g 1969 t o e f f e c t c o o p e r a t i v e space agreement w i t h U.S.S.R. was e n t e r e d i n Congressional Record: A p r i l 30, NASA A d m i n i s t r a t o r , D r . Thomas 0 . P a i n e , forwarded copy Space F l i g h t I n v e s t i g a t i o n s t o o f O p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r P a r t i c i p a t i o ni nAcademician D r . Anatoly A. Blagonravov and a s s u r e d him t h a t p r o p o s a l s by S o v i e t s c i e n t i s t s of experiments t o f l y on NASA s p a c e c r a f t would be welcomed. Supplements t o NASA document were t o be s e n t r o u t i n e l y t o S o v i e t Academy. �September 8 (continued) -- -- - 1 Msy 29, D r . Paine i n v i t e d Academician Blagonravov t o a t t e n d Apollo -11 launch and t o d i s c u s s , i n f o r m a l l y , mutual i n t e r e s t s i n c o ~ p e r ative -- s p m e p r o j e c t s . D r . Blagonravov had d e c l i n e d . Augl~st ;'1, D r . Paine i n v i t e d Academician P r o f . M s t i s l a v V . K~:ldysh t o send S o v i e t s c i e n t i s t s t o S e p t . 11-21 b r i e f i n g a t NASA H q . f o r i n v e s t i g a t o r s who might wish t o propose experiments f o r 1973 Viking m i s s i o n s t o Mzrs, D r . Paine s u g s e s t e d meeting s e r v e a s o p p o r t u n i t y f o r d i s c u s ~ i o n o f p l a n e t a r y e x p l o r a t i o n p l a n s c o n t r i b u t i n g t o c o o r d i n a t e d e f f o r t s benef i c i a l t o both c o u n t r i e s . P r o f . Keldysh had d e c l i n e d , but asked f o r c o p i e s o f meeting m a t e r i a l s s o S o v i e t s c i e n t i s t s might develop p r o p o s a l s . He had s u g 2 e s t e d p o s s i b i l i t y o f l a t e r d i s c u s s i o n s . (g, 9/18/69, S l 0 9 j - G) . . S e n a t e swore i n Sen. Ralph T . Smith (R-111.) t o s e r v e unexpired term of ) and adopted r e s o l u t i o n a s s i g n i n g l a t e Sen. E v e r e t t T . Dirksen (R-111. him t o S e n a t e Connittee on A e r o n a u t i c a l and Space Sciences t o r e p l a c e Sen. Charles McC. Mathias (R-Md. ) , r e a s s i g n e d t o Government Operat i o n s Co~nmittee. (g, 9/18/69, ~ 1 0 7 6 3 ) S e n a t e passed by v o i c e v o t e S. 1857, FY 1 9 / 0 NSF a u t h o r i z a t i o n of $487,150,000. ( -C R , 9/18/69, 510764-70) . Senate p a s s e d by r e c o r d v o t e o f 8 1 t o 5, S. 2546, FY 1970 m i l i t a r y Procurenent a u t h o r i z a t i o n which i n c l u d e d amendment r e q u i r i n g s t u d y a n 3 r e v i e w by Comptroller General of p r o f i t s on Governnent c o n t r a c t s f o r which t h e r e had been no a d v e r t i s e d c o q e t i t i v e b i d d i n g [ s e e S e p t . 171. (~ 2 9/18/69, , ~10838-91) September 19: Canadian Black Brant IV sounding r o c k e t was launched by NASA f r a n B a r r s i r a do I n f e r n o , N a t a l , B r a z i l , c a r r y i n g MSC-Univ. of C a l i f o r n i a payload t o p r o v i d e d e t a i l e d s c i e n t i f i c measurements of charged p a r t i c l e s environment i n South A t l a n t i c A n m a l y r s g i o n . Secondary o b j e c t i v e s were t o measure magnetic f i e l d s t r e n g t h and Rocket f l i g h t - e v a l u a t e payload t e l e m e t r y - s y s t em performance r e a c h e d 532-mi (856-km) a l t i t u d e , w i t h performance h i g h e r t h a n expected. A l l experiments performed s a t i s f a c t o r i l y and d a t a were o b t a i n e d on a l l channels. ( K ~ S ARpt SRL) . . Senate passed by v o i c e v o t e H . R . 11271, FY 1970 NASA a u t h o r i z a t i o n of $3.716 b i l l i o n , a l l o c a t i n g $3.020 b i l l i o n f o r R&D, $58.2 m i l l i o n f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n o f f a c i l i t i e s , and $637.4 m i l l i o n f o r r e s e a r c h a n 3 grogram �September 19 ( c o n t i n u e d ) m z n s ~ e ~ n m t .T o t a l was $250.85 m i l l i o n l e s s t h a n had been passed by I i o ~ s e:June 1 0 [ s e e a l s o June 251. Senate i n s i s t e d on i t s amendments S10g7(7-93, 11032; T e x t ) and r e q u e s t e d conference w i t h House. (z, . White 1lo;ise auln~uncedApollo 11 a s t r o n a u t s would make 22-nation t o u r s ' t a r t i n s S e p t . 29, t o s t r e s s U.S. w i l l i n g n e s s t o s h a r e space knogledge. I t i n e r a r y would i n c l u d e Mexico City; Bogota, Colombia; B ~ e n o sA i r e s , A r g e n t i n a ; Kio 3e J a n e i r o , B r a z i l ; Lss Palmzs, Canary I s l a n d s ; Madrid; P a r i s ; Amzter~tam2nd B r u s s e l s ; Oslo; Cologne, Germany; B e r l i n ; London; Rom.?; Belgrade, Yugoslavia; Ankara, Turkey; Kinshasa, Congo; Teheran, I r a n ; Ijoabzy, I n d i a ; Dacca, P a k i s t a n ; Bangkok, Thailand; Darwin and Sydney, A u s t r a l i a ; Guam; S e o u l ; Tokyo; Honolulu; and r e t u r n t o H o u s t o ~ , T e u . , Nov. 5. A d d i t i o n z l t r i p t o Ottawa and Montreal, Canada, was p l s n n x i f o r December. (UPI, 9/23/69, 5 ) z, . U . K . ' s f i r s t l u n a r samples--3 oz of moon d u s t i n 16 contamination-proof b 3 x e s - - a r r i v e d i n London and were shown t o s c i e n t i s t s a n 3 p r e s s a t Science Research Council. D r . S. 0. A g r e l l of Cxmbridge Univ. and D r . P. E. Clegg o f Lon3on Univ. had f l o - m t o MSC t o c o l l e c t them. (AP, Kansas They would be s c r u t i n i z e d by 1 4 B r i t i s h r e s e a r c h tearns. C i t y Tim?s 9/23/69) ------, . French s c i e n t i s t s , u s i n g " w o r l d ' s m ~ s tp o d e r f u l l a s e r " a t L i m e i l l Weapons Research Center o f French Atonic Egergy Commission near P a r i s , had g e n e r a t e d s u c c e s s i o n of t i n y thermonuclear e x p l o s i o n s , Walter S u l l i v a n s s i d i n New Times. --York - --- It was important s t e p toward taming hydrogen bomb energy and u n d e r l i n e d concern o f s c i e n t i s t s t h a t l a s e r s might s i m p l i f y d e s i g n o f d e v a s t a t i n g n u c l e a r weapons. (NF, 9/19/69, 1 ) . Repor5 o f P r e s i d e n t Nixon's Task Group on Space and Apollo 11 a s t r o n a u t s ' speeches t o Congress [ s e e S e p t . 161 h z i "brodght s G e r a t i o n a l i t y back t o t h e d i s c u s s i o n of w h i t h e r t h e spsce program," WashinGon Post e d i t o r i a l s a i d . Acceptance by P r e s i d e n t o f r?,zomnenlation " w o ~ l de l i m i n a t e t a l k of abandoning msnned spsce f l i g h t , which would bz a f o o l i s h course of a c t i o n , o r o f proceeding t o x a r d Mzrs i n a c r a s h e f f o r t t o g e t t h e r e a s q u i c k l y a s p o s s i b l e . " It -das important " f o r t h e n a t i o n t o p ~ s hahead on t h e im-nediate r?conmendations o f t h e Task Group--exploring t h e moan, developing t h e t o o l s t h a t a r e needed f o r s y s t e n s t i c e x p l o i t a t i o n o f o u r space t r a v e l c a p a b i l i t y , and e x t r a c t i n g f r o n t h e space program more b e n e f i t s f o r t h o s e o f u s who 3 r e earthb3und." (W ___Post 3 9/19/69) --- ---- �Washington Sunday S t a r commented on d i s p l a y of moon rocks September 21: h he l u n a r chunk does indeed l o o k l i k e a t Sqithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n : s o n e t h i n g t h a t , if it t u r n e d up i n a Bethesda [ ~ d] . backyard, would not draw a second g l a n c e . And y e t it i s somsthing t h a t , u n t i l two It i s a promise o f unimagined months ago, no man had seen before. t h i n g s t o come." Judging by crowds queued up, "Smithsonian has booked i t s b e s t a c t s i n c e t h e Mona L i s a came t o town s i x y e a r s ago. " (W S t a r 9/21/69, c l ) ... -, . Parade magazine c a l l e d f o r e s t a b l i s h m e n t of J u l y 4, 1976--200th a n n i v e r s a r y o f U.S.--as n a t i o n a l d e a d l i n e f o r conquering some of e a r t h ' s s o c i a l l l ~ a v i n gh a r n e s s e d our s p e c i a l strengths--money, men, m z t e r i a l s problems. and t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n a l genius t o c o n t r o l them--we conquered space b e f o r e 1970. Why can we n o t conquer some of o u r s o c i a l problems on e a r t h by 1976?11 ( p a r a d e , 9/21/69, 1) . h he n o t i o n has o c c u r r e d t o more t h a n one person t h a t NASA, having reached t h e moon and now f e a r i n g i t s way t o t h e p l a n e t s p o s s i b l y blocked by budg e t a r y o b s t a c l e s , might f i n d t h e r e q u i s i t e new worlds t o conquer r i g h t h e r e , a t home," W i l l i a m Hines s a i d i n Washingtnn Sunday S t a r . It was "fundamental p r e c e p t of modern technology t h a t a n y t h i n g which can be imagined can be accomplished. A c u r e f o r cancer, an end t o poirerty, a cleanup o f t h e environment, t e r m i n a t i o n of t h e Vietnam war, even e f f e c t i v e n u c l e a r disarmament? I f it i s conceivable it i s a c h i e v a b l e . " While NASA could be depended on t o g i v e good account of i t s e l f i n s c i e n t i f i c and e n g i n e e r i n g s i t u a t i o n s , " i t s a b i l i t y t o handle problems w i t h a b i g ' p e o p l e ' component i s l a r g e l y u n t e s t e d . " S i n c e "peopleproblems" were predominant t h e s e days, maybe NASA wouldn't work o u t so w e l l a f t e r a l l . " D J . ~on t h e second t h o u g h t , no o t h e r government agency i s showing much f l a i r f o r coping with t h e human element, e i t h e r . " ( W S t a r , 9/21/69, ~ 4 ) USAF launched u n i d e n t i f i e d s a t e l l i t e from Vandenberg AFB September 22 : by Thorad-Agena b o o s t e r i n t o o r b i t w i t h 157.2-mi (253-km) apogee, 1 1 0 . 0 - n i (177-km) p e r i g e e , 88.7-min p e r i o d , and 850' i n c l i n a t i o n . (GSFC 9/30/69; UPI, W P o s t , 9/23/69, ~ 2 0 ) E, . P r e s i d e n t Nixon announced appointment of NAS P r e s i d e n t , D r . P h i l i p Handler, t o P r e s i d e n t f s Science ~ d v i s o r y -Conxittee. He would r e p l a c e D r . F r e d e r i c k S. S e i t z , P r e s i d e n t of R o c k e f e l l e r Univ. i n New York. (PD, 9/29/69, 1335; -2 W News 9/23/69, 44) - �Septel~lbcr ------22: F r e s i d e n t Nixon announced e s t a b l i s h m e n t of s e r i e s of P r e s i t i a r l t i a l t a s k f o r c e s , i n c l u d i n g Task Force on Oceanography, t o review p u b l i c and p r i v a t e e f f o r t s i n oceanography and suggest a c t i o n s t o a c c e l e r a t e development of " i n c r e a s i n g l y important a r e a of e x p l o r a t i o n " ; and Task Force on Science P o l i c y , t o review p r e s e n t p o l i c y and make recommendations f o r f u t u r e scope and d i r e c t i o n . (PD, 9/29/69, 1304) Septe~nber23: - U. S. S.R. launched Cosmos CCC i n t o o r b i t w i t h 189-km - ( r i l i apogee, 51.5' i n c l i n a t i o n . 183-krn (113.7 - m i ) p e r i g e e , 89.0-min p e r i o d , and S a t e l l i t e r e e n t e r e d Sept Ti. (GSFC SSR 9130169; S m , 9/25/69, 1 0 s ) . -, . Aerobee 150 M I sounding r o c k e t , launched by NASA from WSMR w i t h VAM-20 b o o s t e r , c a r r i e d Univ. of Hawaii payload t o 108.4-mi (174.4-krn) a l t i t u d e . O b j e c t i v e s were t o o b t a i n h i g h - r e s o l u t i o n s p z c t r a of s o l a r d i s c from 1 , 8 0 0 8 t o 2,000 8 , u s i n g h i g h - r e s o l u t i o n e c h e l l e :;r' ',in[; s p e c t r o g r a p h Rocket and p o i n t e d by Univ. of Colorado b i a x i a l p o i n t i n g cont,r !I i n s t r u m e n t s f u n c t i o n e d s a t i s f a c t o r i l y and photographic s p e c t r a were (NASA Rpt SRL) o b t a i n e d on b o t h camera c y c l e s . . . P r e s i d e n t Nixon announced d e c i s i o n t o c o n t i n u e development of SST. " T ~ e sup2rsoni.c t r a n s p o r t i s going t o be b u i l t . The q u e s t i o n i s whether i n t h e y e a r s ahead t h e people of t h e world w i l l b2 f l y i n g i n American s u p e r s o n i c t r a n s p o r t s o r i n t h e t r a n s p o r t s of o t h e r n a t i o n s . .whether t h e United S t a t e s , a f t e r s t a r t i n g and s t o p p i n g t h i s program. finally I have made t h e d e c i s i o n t h a t we should go d e c i d e s t o go ahead ahead.. .because I want t h e United S t a t e s t o continue t o l e a d t h e world i n a i r t r a n s p o r t . And it i s e s s e n t i a l t o b u i l d t h i s p l a n e i f we a r e t o naintain t h a t leadership I have made t h e d e c i s i o n , a l s o , because t h r o u g h t h i s p l a n e we a r e going t o be a b l e t o b r i n g t h e world c l o s e r t o g e t h e r i n a t r u e p h y s i c a l and t i m e s e n s e . . . . This i s a massive s t r i d e forward i n t h e f i e l d of t r a n s p o r t . " P r e s i d e n t s a i d p r o t o t y p e would be flown i n 1972. 9/29/69, 1309) . .. .... ... .... (g, . P r e s i d e n t Nixon would a s k Congress t o a p p r o p r i a t e $662 m i l l i o n over f i v e y e a r s t o a s s i s t i n SST developxent, S e c r e t a r y of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n John A. Volpe announced. F e d e r a l Government would spend e s t i m a t e d $761 m i l l i o n through FY 1974, i n c l u d i n g $99 i n i l l i o n i n funds a l r e a d y a2pro-g-i-ted, t o c o n s t r ~ c tand f l i g h t - t e s t two p r o t o t y p e Boeing SST mo3els. T o t a l developxent c o s t was e s t i m a t e d $1.5 b i l l i o n , w i t h $ 1 . 3 - b i l l i o n Government p a r t i c i p a t i o n t o be r e p a i d from s a l e of approximately 300 a i r c r a f t capable of c a r r y i n g 303 passengers each a t maximidm 1,800-mph speeds. ( D ~ TRelease 21069) �USA Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory helium-f i l l e d balloon L ':j ~ a : ; u c c e s s f u l l y launched f r o n WSMR, c a r r y i n g 7 0 - l b s c i e n t i f i c psyloa,d t o mcasurc ozone c o n c e n t r a t i o n , cosmic r a d i a t i o n , and atmospheric p r e s s u r e , t e m p e r a t u r e , and d e n s i t y a t 160,000-ft a l t i t u d e . The 6 0 3 - f t t a l l , 1 , 7 0 3 - l b b a l l o o n d r i f t e d t o New Mexico where it r e l e a s e d payload f o r r e c c v e r y on ground. Da,ta would be used f o r number o f WSMR p r o j e c t s . ( ~ S A FPIO: UPI, W News, 9/24/63, ( 2 ) St.pt cn1bi.r ------ . Associated P r e s s quoted Col. Edwin E . A l d r i n (USAF, R e t . ) a s s a y i n g NASA had r e j e c t e d h i s p r o p o s a l t o pastpone Apollo 1 2 and run it i n tandem w i t h Apollo 1 3 s o crews could p r o t e c t o r r e s c u e each o t h e r i n emergency. A l d r i n was f a t h e r of Apollo 11 Astronaut Edwin E. A l d r i n , J r . , and a NASA s a f e t y c o n s u l t a n t . NASA Manned Space F l i g h t S a f e t y D i r e c t o r Jerome F. Lederer had c a l l e d p r o p o s a l i m p r a c t i c a l , "tremendously expensive, and I d o n ' t know if it could be done. " Lederer had s a i d t h e r e was no q u e s t i o n t h a t a s t r o n a u t r e s c u e c a p a b i l i t y from l u n a r s u r f a c e o r o r b i t a l emergency must be provided, but it was "out of t h e p i c t u r e f o r Apollo. " ( ~ a u g h l a n d ,AP, W S t-a r , 9/22/69, ~ 4 ) . ~ 6 d 6 r a t i o nA6ronautique I n t e r n a t i o n a l e posthumously awarded i t s h i g h e s t honor--Gold Medal--to NASA t e s t p i l o t Joseph A. Walker f o r " h i s many e n d u r i n g c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e advancement of a v i a t i o n made d u r i n g a 21-year f l i g h t r e s e a r c h c a r e e r marked by e x t r a o r d i n a r y p e r f e c t i o n and v a l o r . " Award was r e c e i v e d by h i s widow a t Edwards AFB ceremony. As FRC c h i e f r e s e a r c h p i l o t , Wa.1ker had flown X-15 t o i t s h i g h e s t a l t i t u d e , 354,233 f t (67 m i ) ; was f i r s t man t o f l y LLRV a s t r o n a u t t r a i n i n g c r a f t ; was a u t h o r of 20 t e c h n i c a l p a p e r s and a r t i c l e s ; and had t a u g h t Apollo 11 (FRC Release 17-69) corrimsnder N e i l A. Arms-trong a t FRC. . MSFC announced. award of $19,073,032 n o d i f i c a t i o n t o IBM c o n t r a c t f o r f a b r i c a t i o n , checkout, and d e l i v e r y of 8 instrument u n i t s f o r S a t u r n IS and S a t u r n V b o o s t e r s . M o d i f i c a t i o n r e v i s e d d e l i v e r y s c h e d u l e , extended performance p e r i o d 15 mos, and provided f o r assessment of (MSFC Release 69-214) c e r t a i n MSFC e n g i n e e r i n g change r e q u e s t s . . FAA, A i r T r a n s p o r t Assn., and manufacturers McDonnell Douglas Corp., Bendix Corp., and Wilcox-Sierra s u c c e s s f u l l y f l i g h t - t e s t e d t h r e e s e p a r a t e b ~ compatible t d e v i c e s composing a i r c r a f t c o l l i s i o n avoidance system (CAS) capable of i s s u i n g microsecond warning. T e s t s were h e l d a t Mart i n - M a r i e t t a A i r p o r t , Baltimore CAS i n c l u d e d cesium atoinic clock s o p r e c i s e t h a t watch of s i m i l a r cons t r u c t i o n would l o s e o n l y one second i n 67 y r s . System o p e r a t e d l i k e b a l l o o n a r o m d a i r c r a f t which, when p e n e t r a t e d by s i m i l a r l y equipped p l a n e , provided p i l o t s with command t o make e v a s i v e . �September -------- 23 ( c o n t i n u e d ) msneuver. A l l a i r c r a f t would need system f o r it t o be e f f e c t i v e . System, product of $12-million, 13-yr R%D, could be o p e r a t i o n a l by 191. ( ~ a r b r o u ~ hW , -S9 t a r 9/24/69? A 7 ) . I'aris p r e s s conference P r e s i d e n t i a l Science A d v i s e r , D r . Lee A . DuHridge, and French M i n i s t e r f o r I n d u s t r i a l and S c i e n t i f i c Developm?nt F r a n c o i s X. O r t o l i announced p l a n s t o i n c r e a s e flow of s c i e n t i s t s and s p e c i a l i s t s between France and U.S. t o broaden s c i e n t i f i c and t e c h n i c a l c o o p e r a t i o n i n wide a r e a s , i n c l u d i n g n u c l e a r r e s e a r c h f o r p e a c e f u l purpDses. (W P o s t , 9/24/69> ~ 2 2 ) I11 September - 24: observatory Two photometers on board NASA's OGC V o r b i t i n g g e o p h y s i c a l (launched Msrch 4, 1958) had s u c c e s s f u l l y scanned. Lyman- . a l p h a r a d i a t i o n , NASA announced. Data were expected t o p r o v i d e new i n f o r m a t i o n on Lyman-alpha emission frorn Milky Way and t o h e l p determine what p o r t i o n of observed r a d i a t i o n was from geocorona and what p o r t i o n OGO - V had p o i n t e d a t sun and spun was f r o n o u t e r space. On S e p t . 1 2 slowly while scanning m i r r o r i n Univ. of P a r i s experiment r o t a t e d , c o v e r i n g 30" of c e l e s t i a l s p h e r e . On S e p t . 1 4 s p a c e c r a f t r e t u r n e d t o norms1 t h r e e - a x i s - s t a b i l i z e d o p e r a t i o n , where it would r2mai.n u n t i l December when second s e r i e s of maneuvers would be conducted t o cover remaining p o r t i o n of sky and provide f i r s t complete mapping o f e x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l Lymsn-alpha r a d i a t i o n . Univ. of Colorado photometer, which provided broader coverage of Lymsn-alpha r a d i a t i o n a t 180' t o Univ. of P a r i s experiment, would b2 used t o confirm measurements and verify calibration levels. OGO V had 1 8 of 24 onboard experiments s t i l l o p e r a t i n g . It had p r o v i d e d f i r s t measurements of e l e c t r i c f i e l d s i n e a r t h ' s bow shock and comprehensive d a t a on p a r t i c l e s and f i e l d s i n e a r t h ' s magnetosphere. (NASA P r o j Off; NASA Release 69-137) . U. S. S.R. launched Cosmos C C C I from Baikonur i n t o ' o r b i t w i t h ;r/g-krn (173.4-mi) apogee, 192-km (119.3-mi) p e r i g e e , 89.2-min p e r i o d , and 65.4' i n c l i n a t i o n . S 2 t e l l i t e r ? e n t e r e d Oct 2. (GSFC SSR, 9/30/69; 10/15/69; 9/25/69, 1 0 6 ) my . . . NASA's X-2bA l i f t i n g - b o d y v e h i c l e , p i l o t e d by Maj J e r a u l d R. Gentry (USAF), r e a c h e d mach 0.62 a f t e r a i r - l a u n c h from B-52 a i r c r a f t a t 4~ , 0 0 0 - f t a l t i t u d e over South Rogers Lske Bed, C a l i f . Purpose of f l i g h t , f i f t h i n s e r i e s , was t o o b t a i n d a t a on u p p e r - f l a p c o n t r o l e f f e c t i v e n e s s , h a n d l i n g q u a l i t i e s d u r i n g change from l o w e r - f l a p t o u p p e r - f l a p c o n t r o l , and e f f e c t of rudder p o s t i o n on a i r flow around t a i l . (NASA P r o j o f f ) �Septeiul~er2 ' : Aerobee 150 M I sounding r o c k e t , launched by NAS4 f r o n bJSMR w i t 1 1 VAM-20 b o o s t e r , c a r r i e d Univ. of Colorado L s b a r a t o r y f o r Atmospheric and Spact. I-'~iysicspayload t o l2$-mi (193.5-km) a l t i t u d e . O b j e c t i v e was t o o b t a i n l ~ i g h - r e s o l u t i o n s p e c t r a of Carbon IV resonance doublet a t l , 5 ' + 8 8 and 1,550 8 u s i n g h i g h - r e s o l u t i o n , narrow-band s p e c t r o g r a p h w i t h t ~ c l i e l l ea:: p r i n c i p l e d i s p e r s i n g element and SPARCS s o l a r p o i n t i n g c o n t r o l . (NASA Rpt SRL) Rdcket and i n s t r u m e n t s f u n c t i o n e d s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . . Bert Greenglass, former head o f Apollo program Control O f f i c e a t KSC, and l a t e r Deputy D i r e c t o r of Management Systems Div. i n NASA O f f i c e of Technology U t i l i z a t i o n , had joined HUD a s D i r e c t o r of Management Information and Program Control Systems. (W -2S t a r 9/24/69) Board of I n v e s t i g a t i o n which probed Feb. 17 d e a t h of S e a l a b 111 Aquanaut Berry L. Cannon had concluded p r o b s b l e cause was carbon d i o x i d e p o i s o n i n g due t o f a u l t y d i v i n g g e a r , USN announced. Gear had l a c k e d s u b s t a n c e f o r f i l t e r i n g carbon d i o x i d e from exhaled b r e a t h . A s s o c i a t e d P r e s s s a i d S e a l a b I11 p r o j e c t had been "shelved'' bzcause of i n s u f f i c i e n t funds f o r FY 1970 and quoted USN spokesman a s s a y i n g it would be continued l a t e r . S e a l a b h a b i t a t was undergoing r e p a i r s n e a r San F r a n c i s c o . P r o j e c t had (DOD R e l e a s e 794-69; W Star-, been suspended s i n c e Cannon d e a t h . 9/24/69, A9) . Shswbury, England, innkeeper J a c k Warner had asked U.S. Government f o r l i c e n s e t o open f i r s t pub on moon,Associated P r e s s s a i d . He wauld c a l l it The Space Inn o r The L u n a t i c Tavern. (W S t a r , 9/24/69, 8 1 6 ) September 25: Ap9llo 9 c o m ~ s n d e rJames A . McDivitt was a p p o i n t e d Manager of Apollo ~ ~ 3 c e c r a f t - ~ r o ~ r aartn MSC, r e p l a c i n g George M. Low who was t e n p o r a r i l y on s p e c i a l assignment t o MSC D i r e c t o r t o p l a n f u t u r e L4SC p r o g r a m and work on o r g a n i z a t i o n a l m a t t e r s . (MSC Release 69-66) . E a s t Germany's P e o p l e ' s chamber unanimously r a t i f i e d n u c l e a r n o n p r o l i f e r a t i o n t r e a t y . West Germany had not y e t signed. ( P I n q , 9/25/69) . House Conmittee on Science and A s t r o n a u t i c s r e p o r t e d f a v o r a b l y S. 1287, which a u t h o r i z e d a p p r o p r i a t i o n s f o r FYs 1970, 1971, and 1972 f o r m e t r i c system study. (g, 9/25/69, ~ 8 4 8 8 ) �(Glazing discovered on I unar s u r f a c e by Apollo 11 a s t r o n a u t s St ~ember t 26 : was analyz,ed i n Science by Thomas G o l d of C o r n e l l Univ., s e n i o r i n v e s t i g a t o r f o r c l osr-up photography. Glossy s u r f a c e s s i m i l a r t o g l a s s found clumped i n c e n t e r s of s m a l l l u n a r c r a t e r s appeared t o have been swept i n a f t e r c r a t e r s had been formed. Glazed a r e a s were a l s o c o n c e n t r a t e d toward t o p s of p r o t u b e r a n c e s and, i n some c a s e s , d r o p l e t s appeared t o h&ve r u n down i n c l i n e d s u r f a c e and congealed on s i d e s . Glazing phenomena might have o r i g i n a t e d from e f f e c t of exhaust of LM descent s t a g e , s p l a s h i n g of l i q u i d drops from l a r g e r impact elsewhere, shock h e a t i n g o r v o l canism on moon, same impact t h a t c r e a t e d c r a t e r s i n which g l a z i n g was found, o r i n t e n s e r a d i a t i o n h e a t i n g . I n t e n s e r a d i a t i o n was most probable c a u s e , Gold s a i d . Source could have been impact f i r e b a l l on moon, impact f i r e b a l l on e a r t h , o r most l i k e l y , s o l a r o u t b u r s t i n g e o l o g i c a l l y r e c e n t times. ( S c i e n c e , 9/26/69, 1345-9) . I n a d d r e s s a t Clarkson College of Technology i n P o t s d m , N . Y . , D r . Thornas 0 . P a i n e , NASA A d m i n i s t r a t o r , s a i d : "We know t h a t hydrogen bombs work ( u n f o r t u n a t e l y ) --the Lord made t h e Universe t h a t way. And, of c o u r s e , we know t h a t ( f o r t u n a t e l y ) f u s i o n energy keeps t h e sun s h i n i n g e v e r y day. Our g r e a t v i s i o n a r y dream i s t o f i n d out how t o unlock t h i s energy f o r s p a c e s h i p p r o p u l s i o n . T h i s i s a g r e a t c h a l l e n g e but c o n s i d e r t h e new t o o l s t h a t we have a v a i l a b l e : g i a n t magnetic f i e l d s w i t h superconducting magnets, tremendous power d e n s i t i e s from l a s e r s , t h e g r e a t energy of n u c l e a r power, and new h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e m a t e r i a l s . These, w i t h new plasma dynamic developments, may u s h e r i n f u s i o n power i n t h e e i g h t i e s , t h e n i n e t i e s , o r i n t h e n e x t c e n t u r y . Harnessing f u s i o n power f o r p r o p u l s i o n i s an even f a r t h e r - o u t c h a l l e n g e , but it could prove t o be one of t h e more d i r e c t a p p l i c a t i o n s . We won't have t o convert t h e f u s i o n energy t o e l e c t r i c i t y ; j u s t f u s e a couple of deuterium atoms and t h e n l e t them b l a s t out t h e back of t h e v e h i c l e ! "So f u s i o n remains a t a n t a l i z i n g promise f o r t h e f u t u r e I f we e v e r do a c h i e v e such p r o p u l s i o n , w e ' l l be a b l e t o move w i t h some e a s e out from our l i t t l e 8,003-mile-diameter S o l a r System. A l l of t h e 9 p l a n e t s , 32 moons and 1603 known a s t e r o i d s w i l l come w i t h i n r e a c h of o u r v e h i c l e s . And, indeed, i f we could a c h i e v e high e f f i c i e n c i e s i n a f u s i o n p r o p u l s i o n p r o c e s s , we could t a l k of e v e n t u a l r e l a t i v i s t i c v e l o c i t i e s , of t i m e conpression, and of t r a v e l t o t h e n e a r e s t s t a r s . " ( ~ e x) t .... . Venus, " l e a s t understood o f t h e i n n e r p l a n e t s , " should be U. S. space prggram p r i o r i t y t a r g e t , K i t t Peak n a t i o n a l Observatory p h y s i c i s t D r . Donald M. Hunten and Harvard Univ. p h y s i c i s t D r . Richard M. Goody s a i d i n Science. Some fundamental d a t a were a v a i l a b l e ; q u a n t i t a t i v e t h e o r i e s had been s t a t e d ; q u e s t i o n s about atmosphere could be answered �Sc~l~iJ~~m 26l ~ (cc7or n t i n u e d ) - by i 7 c a s i g l e m i s s i o n s ; and g e o p h y s i s t s ' i n t e r e s t had been aroused and ~>ff'ercd s p e c i a l i z e d knowledge needed t o understand complex p r o c e -o- u ~ s . ti!~t NASA kiaJ no p r e s e n t p l a n s f o r i n v e s t i g a t i o n of Venus ' lower atmosphere. U n c e r t a i n t y a s t o S o v i e t i n t e n t j o n s had been c i t e d a s r c a s o n f o r g i v i n g Venus low p r i o r i t y . But u n t i l c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h U:S.S.R. and o t h e r European c o u n t r i e s could b e g i n , "we have no choice but t o base our judgment upon our own s c i e n t i f i c and t e c h n i c a l a b i l i t i e s and d e s i r e s . Our program should be f l e x i b l e enough t o acconvnodatc new i n f o r m a t i o n from any s o u r c e ; i f it s t r e t c h e s o u r c a p a b i l i t y and imagination t o t h e l i m i t , we need not f e a r i t s u l t i m a t e v a l u e . " (S c i e n c e 9/26/69, 1317-23) - --, . -----Wall S t r e e t J o u r n a l e d i t o r i a l : "While i s t r a t i o n ' s a p p r o v a l of a go-ahead on t h e r e w i l l be debate on t h e Admint h e supersonic t r a n s p o r t , t h e I ' r e s i d e n t p l a i n l y picked t h e proper method f o r f i n a n c i n g f u r t h e r development of t h e c o n t r o v e r s i a l p l a n e . E a r l i e r t h e r e had been t a l k of s e t t i n g up 3 s p e c i a l SST a u t h o r i t y t h a t would r a i s e money by s e l l i n g Governmentc_.:iaranteedbonds t o t h e p u b l i c . The i d e a never had much t o recom-nend i t . A t t,lie moment t h e SST f a c e s an u n c e r t a i n econornic f u t u r e . . I f the p l a n e i s a f l o p , t h e Government would be s t u c k one way o r t h e o t h e r . . . .t h e b m d p l a n would e a s e t h e c u r r e n t p r e s s u r e on t h e F e d e r a l budget. Gut it a l s o would f o o l a t l e a s t p a r t o f t h e p u b l i c about t h e f i n a n c i a l Whether one e s p e c i a l l y r i s k t h a t t h e Government a c t u a l l y i s assuming r e l i s h e s t h e n o t i o n o r n o t , s u p e r s o n i c t r a v e l i s s u r e t o cone sooner o r l a t e r . I n heading toward t h a t development, t h e A d m i n i s t r a t i o n i s wise t o avoid f i n a n c i a l s u b t e r f u g e . " (WSJ, 9/26/69) .. .... Evidence f o r d e t e c t i o n of high-energy cosmic g % m a r a d i a t i o n Se tember i2J" 0 i n ) f r m p a i n t source i n c o n s t e l l a t i o n S a g i t t a r i u s was r e p o r t e d i n Nature. ----Case Western Reserve Univ. p h y s i c i s t s G. M. F r y e , J r . , J . A. S t a i b , and A . D . Zych and Univ. of Melbourne ( ~ u s t r a l i a )p h y s i c i s t s V . D . Hopper, W. R . Rawlinson, and J. A. Thomas - p r e s e n t e d p r e l i m i n a r y r s s u l t s from c o l l a b o r a t i v e program i n which two h i g h - a l t i t u d e b a l l o o n f l i g h t s were made from Parkes, A u s t r a l i a , Feb. 5-6 and Feb. 2 6 - q . Object was f i r s t such p o i n t source of gamma r a y s d e t e c t e d i n heavens. Research was supported by NASA, NSF, and A u s t r a l i a n Research Grants Conmittee. ( ~ a t u r e ,9/F(/69, 1320-1; S u l l i v a n , NYT, - 10/2/69, 33) . S a t e l l i t e system which combined n a v i g a t i o n a l and a i r t r a f f i c c o n t r o l and c o l l i s i o n p r e v e n t i o n had been proposed t o FAA and D3D by TRW I n c . Systems Group, Washington Evening S t a r r e p o r t e d . P r o p o s a l c a l l e d f o r f o u r s a t e l l i t e s , one i n permanent o r b i t w i t h o t h e r s r e v o l v i n g around it a t lower a l t i t u d e s . A i r c r a i ' t would r a d i o d i s t i n c t s i g n a l t o s a t e l l i t e s and i t s �Scpt elilber ?/ ( c o n t i n u e d ) ----- p o s i t i o n r g l a t i v e t o two o r more s a t e l l i t e s would bs determined by g r o u r ~ d cornput e r s t h a t could f i g u r e p r e c i s e l a t i t u d e and l o n g i t u d e o f a i r c r a f t , w i t h i n 50 f t . System, based on d e l i c a t e measurement of time f o r a i r c r s f ' t J L' iil;ll3ls t o r e a c h s a t e l l i t e , would c o s t e s t i m a t e d $100 m i l l i o n , could bc: i l l o l > ? r a t i o n by mid-1970s, and was a l s o being proposed t o a v i a t i o n i n d u s t r y . (Lannan, W S t a r , 3/?7/69, ~11) Septt'mbt3r ----- --28: --- I n t e l e p h o n e c a l l t o Apollo 11 comnander N e i l A . Armstrong on c>ve of R p-----o l l o 11 a s t r o n a u t s ' round-the-world t o u r , P r z s i d e n t Nixon asked a . s t r o n a u t s t o i n v i t e f o r e i g n c o u n t r i e s t o b'scone " p a r t n e r s i n space" w i t h U. S. fie a l s o i n v i t e d a s t r o n a u t s and wives t o White IIouse d i n n e r Nov. 5. (UPI, W --S t a r , 9/29/69, ~ 3 ) . WashingLon Post columnist F r a n k l i n R. Bruns, J r . , s a i d 1 0 days a , f t e r i s s u a n c e of moon l a n d i n g a i r m a i l stamp i n Washington, D . C . , "an a l r e a d y t i r e d c i t y p o s t o f f i c e crew had j u s t passed t h e two-million f i r s t day cover mark." Post O f f i c e had gone " a l l o ~ t "t o c o o p s r a t e w i t h t h o s e o f o t h e r c o u n t r i e s i n r e t u r n i n g covers and w i t h Voice of America, NASA, and r e g u l a r s e r v i c e r s . There was l i t t l e doubt t h a t "new f i r s t day cover r e c o r d i s i n t h e making." (W P o s t , 9/28/69, -- ~ 9 ) Septelnb?r 29: ------ Apollo 11 a s t r o n a u t s and wives a r r i v e d i n Mexico C i t y f o r s t a r t of 39-day t o u r o f 22 c o u n t r i e s [ s e e S e p t . 191. (AP, B -9Sun 9/30/69, A l ) . P r e s i d e n t Nixon approved H . J . R . 7 7 5 , t o a u t h o r i z e P r e s i d e n t t o award Congressional Space Medals o f Honor t o a s t r o n a u t s [ s e e S e p t . 151. (CR, -- 10/6/69, 1362) 30: USAF launched u n i d e n t i f i e d s a t e l l i t e from Vandenberg AFB by Thorad-Agena D b o o s t e r i n t o o r b i t w i t h 303.2-mi (488-km) apogee, 233.5-mi (482-km) p e r i g e e , 93.8-min p e r i o d , and 69.6' i n c l i n a t i o n . (GSFC -SSR, 9/30/69; -SBD, 10/7/69, 1 6 2 ) September --- . NASA's . EL-10 l i f t i ~ g - b o d yv e h i c l e , p i l o t e d by Maj P e t e r Hoag (USAF), reached msch 0 . 9 a f t e r a i r - l a u n c h from B-52 a i r c r a f t a t 45,003-ft a l 5 i t u d e over FRC. Purposes of f l i g h t , 26th i n s e r i e s and f i r s t pz~weredf l i g h t f o r Maj. Hoag, were t o provide p i l o t t r a i n i n g and o b t a i n s t a b i l i t y and c o n t r o l d a t a . Winds r o s e f r o n 5 k n o t s a t l a u n c h t o 23 k n o t s a t touchdown, but d i d not i n t e r f e r e w i t h f l i g h t . (NASA P r o j o f f ) �September 3d: I n speech b e f o r e Chicago Executive Club i n Chicago, I l l . , Vice P r e s i d e n t S p i r o T . Agnew s a i d o p e r a t i o n of m i l i t a r y systems i n space " t o enhance t h e n a t i o n a l defense" m l s t be one o b j e c t i v e o f U.S. f u t u r e space program t o ensure " t h e r e w i l l be no b l i n d r e l i a n z e on good f a i t h . " Vice P r e s i d e n t +4gnew a l s o was chsirman o f NASC and o f P r e s i d e n t ' s Space Task Group. ' Two 4uz:;tions drsrnirlated s p e c u l a t i o n oTrer n a t i o n a l spsce p o l i c y , lie s a i d : Way s p a c e ? Rnil Why Mars?. " ~ a r sh o l d s t h e g r e a t e s t prornise of a c a p a b i l i t y t o s u s t a i n human l i f e . It i s a p o t e n t i a l r e s o u r c e and r e s e r v e . More important f o r t h e p r e s e n t i s t h e f a c t t h a t t h e mind o f America Punztions b e t t e r when it f o c u s e s upon a c l e a r t a r g e t . Msnned e x p l o r a t i o n o f t h s S o l a r System i s t o o n 3 b J l o ~ st o c a p t u r e t h e p ~ b l i c ' s a t t e n f i o : ~ . A rnmned l a n d i n g on Msrs i s a s u r d e r s t a n d s b l e a c h s l l e n g e t o t h e c i t z e n a s it i s t o t h e s c i e n t i s t . It i s a t e s t t h a t can be p u t i n a t i m e frame and i t s s r t i c i p s t i o n can be a p p r e c i a t e d by a l l . " ( ~ e x t ) . NSFC arnounced s e l e c t i o n of Bzndix Corp. and Boeing Co. f o r f u r t h e r coni2et it i v e n e g o t i a t i o n s on c o s t - p l u s - i n c e n t i v e - f e e c o n t r a c t f o r d e s i g n , develo?rne-nt, t e s t , and d e l i v e r y of f o u r msnuled l u n a r r o v i n g vel?icles f o r f l i g h t t o l u n a r s u r f a c e aboard d e s c e n t s t a g e of Apollo LM [ s e e J u l y 111. F i r s t o g e r a t i o n a l ve'hicle wollld be d e l i v e r e d i n e a r l y 1971 f o r l a u n ? h l a t e t h a t y e a r . MSFC a l s o had awarded $233,430 - o n t r a c t t o Bryson C o n s t r u c t i o ~ and $224,889 c a n t r a c t t o M i l l e r and Berry f o r constru:tion o f two c l e a n r o a n s f o r Apollo t e l e s c o p e Mount (ATM)assembly and t e s t and h ~ d c a l l e d f o r b i d s f o r che-kout s t s t i o n c o n s t r u c t i o n . Bids were due Oct. 21. (W?C ? e l e a s e s 69-223; 69-221) . F e d e r a l E l e c t r i c Corp, IT&T Corp. s u b s l d i a r j r , announced it had r e z e i v e d $21,321,680 NASA c o n t r z c t f o r c o a t i n u e d work a s KS? prime c o n t r a c t o r . (UPI, W -9S t a r 9/39/69, u) . Washington A i r l i n e s had t e r m i n a t e d f i r s t and o n l y STOL s e r v i c e between Xashin&on and Eklt imbre a f t e r one ;rear s : ~ dwould 1 i c p i d : t t e I t s t h r e e D o r n i e r a i r e r a % , Washington Post s a i d . Com;mny had l o s t n e a r l y $5,000 weekly and c a r r i e d 25,009 p a s s e n g e r s i n s t e a d of t a r g e t e d 108,000 s i n c e i n a u g u r a t i o n o f s e r v i c e Bept. 23-25, 1968. ( ~ a m u e l s o n ,-W P o s t , 9,/30/69) During September: D r . Robert C. Seamans, d s f e n d s d . ~ r a l l ~oef Safeguard iZB4 defense J r . , S e c r e t a r y o f t h e A i r Force, a.nd z l s o d i s c u s s e d u s e o f space f o r s t r a t e g i c d e t e r r e n c e , w r i t i n g i n Air --- ~ o r c e / ~ ~ aDci gee s t : "1n t e r m s o f s e c u r i t y , t h e space age p r e s e n t s dangers--bu-t it a l s o a f f o r d s oppor- �During September ( c o n t i n u e d ) t u n i t i e s f o r i n c r e a s i n g s t r a t e g i c s t a b i l i . t y . " Dangers stemmed f r o n wzapons p l a c e d i n o r b i t : "It might be p o s s i b l e t o t r i g g e r such weapons w i t h v e r y l i t t l e warning, t h u s i n c r e a s i n g t h e r i s k o f s u r p r i s e a t t a c k . " Outer Spsce T r e a t y of 1957 might h e l p a v o i d t h i s danger, "while p r o v i d i n g u s o p p a r t u n i t i e s f o r o t h e r s o r t s of m i l i t a r y systems t h a t could s t r e n g t h e n d e t e r r e n c e r a t h e r t h a n weaken it." Each generat i o n of space vehicl-es would provide a d d i t i o n a l improvements i n monitor "We a r e now warking on a s a t e l l i t e early-warning i n g enemy a c t i v i t i e s . system t h a t would d e t e c t m i s s i l e s a s t h e y a r e launched from l a n d o r s e a . " D i s p e r s e d bomber f o r c e "would be a b l e t o t a k e o f f f r o n i t s b s s e s b e f o r e t h e impzct of enemy weapons, even i f t h e t i m e o f f l i g h t of t h e l a t t e r were g r e a t l y reduced." (AF/SD, 9/69, 61-4) . . USAF magazine Airman p u b l i s h e d i n t e r v i e w with S e c r e t a r y o f t h e A i r Force, D r . Robert C. Seamans, Jr former NASA Deputy A d m i n i s t r a t o r . N4S.4 USAF X-15 program had been h i g h l y s u c c e s s f u l i n p r o v i d i n g d a t a f o r mzuy d i s c i p l i n e s and "very good t e s t bzd" f o r atmospheric probe i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n . XB-70 program, i n i t i a t e d a s msnned s u ~ e r s o n i cbombi n g system, was " v e r y b o l d s t e p " i n speeds over mach 3. When t e c h n o l o g i c a l d i f f i c u l t i e s and r i s i n g c o s t s r e s u l t e d i n d e c i s i o n a g a i n s t X B - 7 0 product i o n , NASA w i t h USAF had i n i t i a t e d e x p e r i m e n t a l program. D r . Seamans f e l t USAF was n o t u s i n g KAS-4 e x p e r t i s e t o f u l l e s t e x t e n t and t h a t it needed new manned boinber, new f i g h t e r , and modernization o f a i r d e f e n s e . He was not convinced USAF had y e t e s t a b l i s h e d " b e s t r e l a t i o n s h i p s w i t h i n d u s t r y t o g e t t h e s e t h i n g s done. " ( ~ i r m s n , 9/69, 7-91 ., here a p p e a r s t o be much more t o be squeezed from Apollo t h a n j u s t t h e i n c a l c u l a b l e v a l u e of n a t i o n a l p r e s t i g e o r s c i e n t i f i c d i s c o v e r y , " a b i l i t y t o mine t h e s e . Michael G e t l e r wrote i n ~ ~ a c e / ~ e r o n a u t i c s"The s u p p o r t i n g t a l e n t s , t o judge t h e i r v a l u e o u t s i d e msnned space f l i g h t and d i s s e m i n a t e and a p p l y them may w e l l prove t h e most t e l l i n g and measurable argument i n t h e d e b a t e which i s bound t o c o n t i n u e over A p o l l o ' s r e a l v a l u e . " Apollo had cornbined " m ~ c ho f what we have with what we do b e s t . Though complex, it was manageable. It had c l e a r g o a l s , was w e l l f'unded, enjoyed f a i r l y widespread p u b l i c s u p p o r t , and dangled t h e element o f competition i n f r o n t o f o u r i n v o l u n t a r y r e f l e x . Most i m p c r t a n t l y , it t a p p e d an i n d u s t r i a l base and a n enthusiasm f o r g a d g e t r y t h a t arc? unmstched anywhere Because many o f t o d a y ' s c h a l l e n g e s c o n f r o n t humsn n a t u r e and n o t t e c h n o l o g y , Apollo can b? made t o seem i r r e l e v a n t . I n f a c t , however, we a r e n o t l e f t a l o n e w i t h o u r b e h a v i o r a l t r o u b l e s . There i s s t i l l an economy t o keep sound, i n d u s t r y and commerce t o be k e p t c o m p e t i t i v e , and a .... �D u r i x-----September --- (continued) government t o be made more e f f i c i e n t . F a i l u r e t o t a k e t h i s e x t r a o r d i n a r y p r o j e c t a p a r t , p i e c e by p i e c e , and examine i t s u s e f u l n e s s i n t h e s e a r e a s would indeed be w a s t e f u l . " 9/69, 42-53) (Yh, . A--t l a s p u b l i s h e d t r a n s l a t i o n o f a r t i c l e i n -L'Espresso, Rome, by I t a l i a n n o v e l i s t A l b e r t o Moravia on i m p l i c a t i o n s of &pollo ---- 11. "In Colwnbus's days, men were o f f e r e d f i n i t e g o a l s , l i k e t h e d i s c o v e r y o f America; o r t h e y were o f f e r e d s p i r i t u a l aims, l i k e t h e s e a r c h f o r goodness, t r u t h and beauty. A t t h a t t i m e , no one could have guessed t h a t Columbus's d i s c o v e r y was o n l y a beginning. Thst o t h e r d i s c o v e r i e s would f o l l o w , a second America, a t h i r d , a f o u r t h , and s o on t h r o u g h m i l l i o n s o f y e a r s and b i l l i o n s of k i l o m e t e r s . But t o d a y t h a t i s Conpared t o our new s e t o f g o a l s , t h e aims o f Marx and happening. communism a r e p u r e imagination. For t h e f i r s t t i m e t h e r e a l and t h e r a t i o n a l a r e about t o becone one. We a r e now a t t h e end of h i s t o r y - and p o s t - h i s t o r y i s j u s t beginning. " ( ~ t l a s 9/69, 40-3) -, . A t l a s s a i d i t s " ~ a l kof t h e World" s e c t i o n had "got a l i t t l e h o a r s e " on s u b j e c t o f ---Apollo 11. It quoted "a few o f t h e more unusualmoont h o u g h t s " from i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r e s s . E l Tiempo i n Bogota had r e p o r t e d Colonbian wool f a b r i c s were used i n Apollo 11 s p a c e c r a f t u p h o l s t e r y . Canada' s Kitchener Waterloo Record had saidhad touched down on moon w i t h l e g s made i n Canada by Montreal f i r m . -7Oiga i n Lima Peru, had s a i d when S p u t n i k went i n t o o r b i t "it was n o t e d t h a t Pedro P a u l e t Mostajo had i n v e n t e d a j e t - p r o p e l l e d r o c k e t back i n 1595. " A t l a s commented t h a t " t h i s could go on f o r e v e r . " (3- ~ t l a s 9/69, 10) p - . I n A s t r o p h y s i>c- - -a l J o u r n a l P r i n c e t o n Univ. a s t r o n o n e r s J. P. O s t r i k e r and J. E. Gunn r e p o r t e d r e s u l t s o f q u a n t i t a t i v e e x p l o r a t i o n o f p u l s a r model. Assuming s e a t of p u l s a r phenomenon was r o t a t i n g neutron s t a r w i t h d i p o l a r msgnetic f i e l d n o t p a r a l l e l t o r o t a t i o n a x i s , t h e y showed such s t a r s would emit l a r g e a m o - ~ n t sof msgnetic-dipole and g r a v i t a t ional-quadrupole radia-tion, t h a t t h e s e energy l o s s e s were a s s o c i a t e d w i t h l o s s e s of a n g u l a r momentum and i n c r e a s e s i n r o t a t i o n p e r i o d s , and t h a t e m i t t e d , low-frequency magnetic-dipole r a d i a t i o n was e f f i c i e n t a t a c c e l e r a t i n g charged p a r t i c l e s t o r e l a t i v i s t i c e n e r g i e s . E x p l i c i t e x p r e s s i o n f o r p e r i o d a s f u n c t i o n o f time allowed c a l c u l a t i o n o f age o f Crab Nebula and p r e d i c t i o n o f unobserved second d e r i v a t i v e o f p e r i o d . Luminosity o f nebula and high$&-energy e l e c t r o n s being i n j e c t e d i n t o it were deterinined and found t o be i n good agreement w i t h independent o b s e r v a t i o n s . I n extreme c a s e s , a c c e l e r a t i o n mechanism c o u l d produce p r o t o n s w i t h e n e r g i e s i n e x c e s s o f most e n e r g e t i c �D u r i n g e----p t ember --- (continued) c o s n i c r a y s y e t observed. A f t e r determining msgnetic decay time t o be about 4 m i l l i o n y r s , r e p o r t p r e d i c t e d few p u l s a r s should be found with p e r i o d s over 1 . 5 secs. ( ~ s t> r- - o- - ~, , h ~ s iJco au rl n a l 9/69, 1395-1417 ) -- �Scc Atomic Energy Commission. AEC-NASA Space Nuclear Propulsion Off'ice, 373 Aerobee 150 M I (sounding r o c k e t ) , 361, 378, 381 A e r o n a u t i c s , 351, 379, 395 Aerospace Corp. , 366 Agnew, Vice Prssiderit S p i r o T . , 371, 385 Agrzenent, 373 A g r e l l , D r . S. O . , 376 A h ~ e d a b s d I n d i a , 37 3 AIAA. See American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronailtics and A s t r o n a u t i c s . A i r t r a f f i c c o n t r o l , 393-394 A i r Transport Assn. of America, 379 A i r t r a n s p a r t a t i o n , 378 AirzraFL, 358, 359, 361, 355, 372, 378, 380, 393, 394, 385, 3% A l d r i n , Col. Edwin E . (US.@, R e t . ) , 379 A l d r i n , L / C ddwin E., Jr. (USAF) 360, 362, 369-370 A l v i z i e r i i s , D r . A l g i r d s s A. , 360 American I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and A s t r o n s l ~ t i c s (ATAA), 358 America's --------- Next Decade i n Spsce: ---------A Report f o r t h e Space Task G r o ~ p , 372 Amistad Dam, 361 Ams terd%m, Netherlands, 376 Anders, L/C Villiam A. (usAF), 359, 371 Anderson, G . P . , 359 Ankara, Turkey, 376 A n t i b a l l i s t i c m i s s i l e (ABV s ~ s t e z ) ,395 Apollo (program), 358, 352, 369, 371, 373 Apallo ----- 9 mission, 359 Apollo --11 mission, 359 comnemorative stamp, 362, 374, 394 Congress, r e p o r t t o , 369-370 i m p l i c a t i o n s o f , 361, 359-370, 374, 387 p r e s s conment, 397 Apollo 1 2 ,nission, 379 Apol10 1 3 mission, 379 Apallo Achievenent Awsrd (NASA), 362 Apollo A p p l i c a t i o n s (AA) program, 358 Apollo T e l e s -ope Mmnt (ATM) 385 Aquanaut, 331 Armstrong, N e i l A . , 350, 362, 369-370, 379, 394 A s t r o n a u t , 381 Apollo ------- 11 mission cormnsmorative stamp, 362, 374, 384 Congress, r e p o r t t o , 369-370 awards and honors, 359, 360 Congressionsl Space Medal of ilonar, 369, 371, 394 AEC. , , ---- , �Astronaut (continued) g ~ o J w i l 1t o u r , 360-361, 376, 384 hanetow11 c e l e b r a t i o n , 389 m2,norial c c u l p t u r e , 365 Niuon, P r e s i d e n t Richard V., mzssage, 394 Sa i t h s o n i a n I n s t i t u t i o n ceremony, 370 Rstrono!ny, 359, 337-389 RTM. See Apollo Telescope M o ~ n t . Atomic Energy Com~nission (AEC), 373 ATS-F ( ~ ~ ~ l iiocn sa Technology t s a t e l l i t e ) , 373 A u s t r a l i a , 383 A u s t r a l i a n Research Grants Committee, 383 A v i a t o r ' s Trophy, 359 Awards, 359, 361, 362, 365 B-52 ( S t r a t o f o r t r e s s ) , 358, 351, 372, 390, 394 B c k contaminat i o n , 365 Faikonur, U.S.S.R., 358, 390 B l l o o n , 379, 393 = l t i n o r e , Md. 395 Bangkok, T h a i l a n d , 376 Eiarr3ira do I n f e r n o , N a t a l , B r a z i l , 375 B z r t h , D r . Cnarles A. 359, 364 Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 376 Bendix Corp., 379, 395 B s r e s f o r d , Spencer M . , 365 Black Brarlt IV ( ~ m a d i a nsoun3ing r o c k e t ) 375 Blagonravov, D r . Anat o l y A. 374-375 B l o ~ n t , Post?l%ster General Winton M. 352 W e i n g Co., 358, 378, 395 Bdeing 747 ( j e t t r a n s p o r t ) , 355 Bogota, Colonbia, 376 m a b a y , I n d i a , 376 Bordeaux, France, 359 Bar~nzn, L/C Prank (US.!@), 359 Browne, Secor D . 335 Bruns, F r a n k l i n R . , J r . , 394 B r u s s e l s , Belgiun, 376 Bryson C o n s t r d c t i o n Co., I n o . , 385 Bdenos A i r e s A r g e a t i n s , 376 C a l i f o r n i a I n s t i t u t e o f Technology ( ~ a ~l e a h ) ,359-363, 363-354 C a l i f o r n i a , Univ. o f , 375 Berkeley, 364 Cambridge Univ., 376 Can8da, 375 , , , , , , , (ii) �- SEPTEMBER 1959 Cannon, Berry L. , 331 Cape Kennldy, 356 CAS. See C o l l i s i o n avoidance system. Case I n s t i t u t e of Technology, 3G6 Case Western Rsserve Univ., 383 Chicago Executive Club, 385 Cnicago, I l l . , 385 C i v i l Aeronautics b a r d , 365 Clarkson College o f Technology, 382 Clegg, D r . P. E . , 376 Coshuila, Mex., 360 C o l l i n s , Col. Michael (us.~F),380, 362, 369-370 C o l l i s i o n avoidance system ( a s ) , 379, 383-384 Cologne, Germany, 376 Colorado, Univ. o f , 359, 354, 378 Laboratory f o r Atmospheric and Space Physics, 381 Comp~t e r 363 Congress, 370, 373, 376 Congress , House of Representatives, 370 b i l l s introduced, 372 b i l l s passed, 369, 375 Cornnittee on Science and A s t r o n a u t i c s , 381 Congress, Senate, 370 b i l l s passed, 371, 375 Connittee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 373, Connitt ee on Governm2nt Operations, 375 Congressionsl Space Medzls of Hmor, 359, 371, 384 Copernicus, Nicolaus, 362 Cornell Univ., 361, 382 Cosmos -- CCXCVII (u.s.s.R. s a t e l l i t e ) , 355 Cosnos C C X C ~ ~ I ~ I 368 , Cosmos CCXCIX, 372 ---Cosaos CCC, 379 Cosaos CS'ZI, 380 -Crab x e b ~ l a ,337 Cronley, Roy, 359 Crooker, John H. 365 Dacca, Pakistan, 376 Dsna, William H . , 358 Darwin, A u s t r a l i a , 376 Defense, Dspt. of ( D ~ D ) , 368, 383 Dlmbling, Paul G. 352 Diaz Ordaz, P r e s i d e n t Gustavo, 360 Dirksen, Sen. E v e r e t t M., 375 , ----- , , (iii) 375 �SEPTEMBER 1969 I ~ i s t i n g u i s h e dS e r v i c e Medal, 361 D i s t i n g u i s h e d S e r v i c e M2dzl (NASA), 362 D03. See Defense, Dept. of D a o l i t t l e , L/G J a a z s 11. (USAF, Ret. ) , 366 DuBridge, D r . Lee A , , 366, 371, 380 E w--t h---Pnotogrdphs from Gemini VI Through X I 1 (NASA S P - ~ T ~ 355 ), Edwards AFB, C a l i f . , 379 E i n s t e i n , A l b e r t , 362 EL Scgundo, C a l i f . 365 E ~ c z p t i o n s lS e r v i c e Awsrd ( U S . ~ ) 356 , E h t r a t e r r e s t r i a l l i f e , 364 FAA. Sce F e d e r a l A v i a t i o n A d m i n i s t r a t i o n . Fancher, Has, 359 F a s t i e , William C., 359 F e d e r a l A v i a t i o n ~ d m i n i s t r aito n (FAA), 379, 353 F e d e r a l E l e c t r i c Corp. 385 ~ 6 d 6 r ai to n A6ranzu.t i q u e I n t e r n a t i o n a l e , 379 F l i g h t Research Center (FRC) (NASA), 361, 379 F r ? d r i k s s o n , D r . Kurt, 356 Frsnch Atomic E n 2 r g y Comnission, 376 F r y e , G. M . , J r . , 393 Fusion energy, 382 G z l i l e i , G a l i l e o , 362 Gamaz r a y , 383 GCA Corp. , 352 Gemini (program), 366 Gentry, Maj J e r a u l d R . (USAF) 359, 361, 384 Gemsay, E a s t , 381 Germany, West, 331 G e t l e r , Michael, 356-387 Goddsrd, D r . Robert H . , 362 Soddard Space F l i g h t Center (GSFC), 359 Gold, Thanas, 332 372 Goodling, Rep. George A. Goody, D r . Richard M . , 332 Greenglass, B e r t , 381 GSFC. See Goddard Space F l i g h t Center. Guzm, 376 Gunn, J . E. 387-388 Hsge, George H . , 382 Hamon I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s t r o n a u t ' s Trophy, 359 Harvard [Jniv., 382 Hawaii, Univ. o f , 378 Y i l t e r , Adolf, 359 - ------ , , . , , , �SEPTEMBER 1969 IIines , W i l l i a m , 377 HL-10 ( l i f ting-body v e h i c l e ) , 358, 359, 372, 394 Hoag, Maj. P e t e r (USAF), 384 Horolul-u, Hawaii, 376 Ho?per, V . D . , 383 Hord, C. W . , 359 IIoroQitz D r . Normzn H. 3tj4 Hoilsing and Urban Uev.elopment (Hun), Dept o f , 381 110- sto on, Tex. 376 Yunten, D r . Donald M . , 392 :Eydrogen bomb, 376 I l l i n o i s , Univ. o f , 352 l n l i a n Space Research Organization, 373 I n t e r a g e n c y C o n x i t t e e on Back Contamination, 365 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Business Mschines Corp. (IBY) 379 I n t e r n a t i o n a l c o o p e r a t i o n , 362, 366, 380 I n t e r n a t i o n a l c o o p e r a t i o n , spac?, 371, 374-375, 376, 383 I o n o s p h s r e , 362 I'r&T Corp. 385 J a c k a s s F l a t s , Nef., 373 Japan, 358 J e t P r o p u l s i o n L2boratory (JPL) ( ~ a ~l e c h ) ,359, 350, 364 Johns Hopkins Univ., 359 J o h n s t o n , S. P a u l , 359 JPL. See J e t P r o p n l s i o n Laboratory. J u n k e r s 393 ( b o n b e r ) , 359 J u p i t e r ( p l a n e t ) , 350 Keldysh, P r o f . M s t i s l a v V., 375 K e l l y , K. K . , 359 Kennedy Spsce Center (KSC), 360, 366, 335 Kepler, Johann, 362 Kinshasa, Congo, 376 K i t t P?ak X s t i o n a l Observatory, 392 KSC. See Kennedy Space Center. L z ~ b d s( ~ a p n s s er o ~ k e t ) ,358 Lsngly Research Center ( L ~ R C )361 , L a s e r , 376 Las PaLmzs, Canary I s l a n d s , 376 L e d e r e r , Jerofle F . , 379 night on, D r . ~ o b e r tB., 353 L i f t i n g body v e h i c l e , 359, 361, 372, 384 Lims, Peru, 387 L i m e i l l Weapons Research Center, 376 See h n s r Landing Research V e h i c l e . LSRV. , , , . , , �SEPTEMBER 1969 Lonlon, U . K . , 376 London Univ., 376 Los h g e l e s , C a l i f . , 361 L o v e l l , Capt. James A , , Jr. (USN), 359, 363 Low, George M . , 391 LRL. See Lunar Receiving Laboratory. f i ~ n a rL ~ n d i n gResearch Vehicle (LT~v),379 I,~lnar Module (LV) 382, 395, ?37 h l n a r Recziving Laboratory (LYL) 3 5 , 365, 368 Lunzr Rock Conference, 363-369 L J - I r~o ~ v i n g v e h i c l e , 395 Lyman-alphs r a d i a t i o n , 330 McDivitt , L / C ,Tamss A. (US.LLF),391 Mcllonnell n o ~ g l a sA s t r o n a u t i c s Co. 358 McDonnell Douglas Corp., 360, 379 McLucas, John L . , 366 Mzdrid, Spzin, 376 Mznke , John A. 37 2 Mznned spac? f l i g h t , 367-339, 376, 395 Manned S p a c e c r a f t Center ( N ~ c ) ,363, 355, 375, 376, 381 VI ( ~ a r p s r o b e ) , 359, 363-354 Mariner ----Mariner---VII ( ~ s r sp r o b e ) , 363-364 Mars T p l a n e t ) , 385 atnosphere, 359, 353-364 e x p l o r a t i o n of manned, 367, 385 unmanned, 3C7 l i f e on, 364 photographs, 363-354 s u r f a c e , 363 w s t e r on, 364 ? 4 z r s h a l l Space F l i g h t Center (MSFC) 358, 360, 379, 395 M s r t i n - M s r i e t t a A i r p o r t , Baltimore, 379 Nsson, D r . Bryan H . , 366 J l z t h i a s , Sen. Caarles McC., 375 Melbourne, Univ. o f , 383 M ? t r i c system, 351 Msxico, 360-351 M3xico C i t y , Mexico, 376, 334 M i c y o ~ dAssembly F a c i l i t y , 360 Milky Way ( c o n s t e l l a t i o n ) , 33J M i l l e r and Berry, 385 Minuternan ( m i s s i l e ) , 358 M i s s i l e , 358, 335-356 M o n t c l a i r , N.J., L i b r a r y , 360 , , , , - , �SEPTEMBER 1969 Montreal., Canada, 376, 387 M~on b a s e , ?kt;-( e x p l o r a t i o n o f , 371, 376 landing manned conmemorative stamp, 362, 374, 384 i m p l i c a t i o n s o f , 369-370, 374, 397 memorial s c u l p t u r e , 366 L l ~ n a rLanding Receiving L2boratory (LRL) 365, 366, 368 l u n s r r o v i n g v e h i c l e , 395 photographs, 368 s u r f a c e , 371 g l a z i n g , 382 sample, 363, 365, 366, 368-369, 370, 376 e x h i b i t , 37 2, 377 t s v e r n , 391 Moravia, A l b e r t o , 387 MSC. See Mmned S p a c e c r a f t Center. MSFC. See M a r s h a l l Space F l i g h t Center. Mueller, D r . George E . 362 N-4S4 P r e l i m i n a r y Examination Team (PZ'T) 363 , , , N a t i o n a l Academy of Sciences (N--IS), 377 N a t i o n a l Aeronautics and Space A c t , 362 X a t i o n s l Aeronailtics and Space Administration (NASA), awards and honors, 359, 362 budget, 367 Senate c o n s i d e r a t ion a u t h o r i z a t i o n , 373, 375 c o n t r a c t , 358, 350, 361, 379, 385 c o o p e r a t i o n , 37 3, 336 cooperat i o n , i n t e r n a t i o n a l , 373-375, 376 f a c i l i t i e s , 375 launch s o ~ n d i n gr o c k e t , 361, 362, 378, 391 l i f t i n g - b o d y v e h i c l e , 358, 361, 372, 384 l u n a r samples. See Moon. m e m ~ r i a l , l u n a r l a n d i n g , 366 p e r s o n n e l , 358, 351, 362, 365, 366, 331 programs a e r o n a u t i c s , 336 Ap0110, 358, 352, 369, 371, 373, 379 Apollo A p 2 l i c a t i o n s (AA) 395 , ( v i i) 377 �Nzt i o n a l Aeronautics and Space A d n i n i s t r a t i o n ( c o n t i n u e d ) Apollo Telescope Mo-~nt(ATM) 385 Gzlnini, 366 manned spzce f l i g h t , 367-368, 385 Mzriner, 353-364, 371 NL;IVA, 173 RAD, 375 t r a c k i n g , 369 Viking, 375 space r e s c u e , 379 S p c e T a s k Group r z p o r t , 367-368, 371, 376, 385 N a t i o x a l A e r o n a u t i c s a n 3 Space Council (NASC) 395 N a t i o n a l A i r a n 1 Space Vusewn, 358 N a t i o x a l Research C o ~ n c i l(NRC) 358 Nat i o n s 1 Science Foandzt i o n (NSF) 375, 383 & a ti o n a l s e c u r i t y , 353 N?y~tun? ( p l a n e t ) 353 See Nuclear E n ~ i n ef o r Rocket Vehicle A p p l i c a t i o n . NER7CA. Neiq :\Ie.iico, 379 New O r l e a n s , Lz. 350 Newton, S i r I s a a c , 352 Nike-Apache ( s ~ u n d i nr a~z k e t ) 352 Nixon, P r e s i d e n t Richard M. ap2ointments and n m i n a t i o n s by, 365, 377 a s t r o n a u t gaod w i l l . t o n , 360-361, 334 Congressional Space Mxizl of Honor approved, 334 Space Task Grodp r e p o r t t o , 371, 376 s u p z r s o n i c t r a n s p o r t , 378 t a s k f o r c e s , 378 U.N. a d d r e s s , 374 i\Torth -4merican Rockwzll Corp., 350 NRC. See N a t i o n a l Research Coluncil. NSB. See N a t i o n a l Science Fo7mdation. Nuclear Engine f o r Rozket V e h i c l e A p 2 l i c a t i o n (NERVA), 373 Nuclear n o n p r o l i f e r a t i o n t r e 3 t y , 331 O ~ e a n o g r a p h y , 378, 391 0120 J ( o r b i t i n g g e o p h y s i c a l o b s e r v a t o r y ) , 383 --O r t o l i , F r a n c o i s X . , 333 Oslo, NorwAy, 376 O s t r i k e r , J . P. 397-383 O t t a $ ~ a , Canada, 376 Pains, D r . Thlmss O . , 362, 335, 373, 332 P a r i s , France, 376, 393 P a r i s , Univ. o f , 339 , , , , , , , , (viii) �P a r k e s , A u s t r a l i a , 393 Faillet Mostajo, Pedro, 387 P e a r c e , J. B. , 359 See N4S.4 PreLiminary Examination Team. PE'I!. PET Sum-nary o f-----Apollo ll Limar Sam l e s 368 Phillips, Smuel C ? d ; - $ l , 362 Pimentel, Dr. George C . , 364 P l e s e t s k , U.S.S.R., 358 P l u t o ( p l a n e t ) 360 The Space Program: D -Poat-Apollo -i r e c t-i o n s f-o r t h-e F u t -u r e P a s t O f f i c e Dept., 362, - 3 Potsdam, N . Y . , 382 P r a t t & Wnitney Div., United k i r c r a f t Corp., 365 P r e s i d e n t ' s Science Advisory C o n n i t t e e , 37'7 P r s s s connent A p o l l o 11 f l i g h t , 371 l u n a r r o z k s%mples, 377 Mariner V I , 371 Mzriner ------ V I I , 371 space program, n a t i o n a l , 372, 376 s u p e r s o n i c t r a n s p o r t (SST), 393 P r e s s confer?nce Mariner V I 363-364 Mariner V I I ,. -363-364 _ - Space Task G r o ~ pr e p o r t , 371 P r i n c e t o n Univ., 397 Praxrnire, Sen. William, 372 P d l s s r 397-333 Q a t r o n Corp. 359 R a d i a t i o n , 332, 383 Rzp?r, 0 . F . , 359 Rswlinson, W. R . , 383 Recher, Mzrcsl, 365 R h ~ A e s , Gov. James A , , 369 Rio fie Zaneiro, B r a z i l , 376 R i p l e y , D r . S. D i l l o n , 370 R o - k e f e l l e r Univ., 377 Ron?, I t a l y , 360, 376 Rosmond, C a l i f . , 355, 372 S a b i n , D r . A l b e r t , 360 Safeguard ( a n t i b a l l i s t i c m i s s i l e system), 395-386 S a g i t t a r i u s ( c o n s t e l l a t i o n ) , 333 See USAF Space a n 3 M i s s i l e S y s t e m Organization. S4M.50. S s r a b ' i s i , D r . Vikram A . , 373 ---- , A ---,--, , , --- 367-368, 371 �SEPTEMBER 1969 Syturn IE ( b o o s t e r ) , 379 S3tur-n V ( b o o s t e r ) , 358, 363, 379 S z t u r n \I \fl~rlcshop( s p s c e c r a f t ) , 358 G-ience, 378 Science Research C o - ~ n c i l ,376 S n i e n t i s t s 389 Sealkb I11 (underwater l a b o r a t a r ~ ) , 381 Semlsns, S e t r z t a r y of the A i r Force D r . Robert C . , S e i t e , D r . F r e d e r i c k S . , 377 S e l f - t e s t i n g - a ~ i d r e p a i r i n g (STAR) compu-ber, 360 S?oill, j7G Shsrp, D r . Robert P. 3G3 S h z w b ~ r y ,U. K . , 381 , J r . , 361, 371, 395-335 , , Skinner, S.lerr3.l E. 366 S:nith, D r . rienry J . , 363 Smith, Sen. Ralph T . , 375 Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n , 358, 366, 370, 377 Sounding r o z k e t , 360-361, 375, 378, 391 Sozth A t l a n t i c Anomaly r e g i o n , 375 South Rogers Lake Bed, C a l i f . , 351, 383 Space biology, 364 Space law t r e a t y , 335 Space, m i l i t a r y use o f , 335 -386 Space program, n a t i o n a l , 367-368, 371-372, 376, 377, 332-333, Space r s s c u e , 379 Space r e s u l t s , 359, 371, 376, 386-397 Space s h u t t l e , r e u s a b l e , 367 Space s t a t i o n , 360, 367 Space Task Group, 367-358, 371, 372, 376, 395 Space t u g , 367 Spectrometer experimsnt , 364 ST. See Supersonic t r a n s p o r t . S t a i b , J. A . , 393 Stamp, connemorative, 362, 374, 384 STm. See S e l f - t e s t i n g - a n 5 r e p a i r i n g eanpater. S t a t e , Dept. o f , 373 S t e w a r t , A. I. 359 STOL z i r c r a f t , 335 S s ~ l l i v a n Walter 376 Supersonic t r a n s p o r t (SST), 378, 393 Sydney, A u s t r a l i a , 376 Task Force on Ozeanography, 378 Task Force on Science P o l i c y , 378 , , , 385 �Tellerctn , I r a n , 376 Tt?Levision, 363, 373 Tt~omas, 11. K., 359 Tho,nas, J. A . , 383 Thorad-Agena ( b o o s t e r ) , 377 Ti~orad-Agena D, 334 Tyli~k?, Japan, 376 'Cckyo U l i v . , 353 Trackin2 s h i p , 369 T r a n q u i l i t y R?se (moon), 363, 368-369 'TRX Tn:. Syztens C:ro~p, 393-334 linidentif'ied s a t e l l i t e , 37'7, 394 United A i r c r a f t Corp. P r d t t & Whitney Div., 365 United Kingdon (u.K.), 376 United Nations (u.N. ), 373 General Asseinbly, 374 U a i t e d Nations Space Co.mci.1 (proposeq), 373 USW Space and M i s s i l e Systenzs Organization (s~wo), U. S. A i r Force?. ( ~ ~ ~ 4 . 3 ' ) a i r c r a f t , 335 awrrd, 366 c a o p e r a t i o n , 396 laimch s a t e l l i t e , 377, 39'4 U. S. Amy (USA) Atmospheric Sciences Labora'tory, 379 U. S. Comytroller General, 372 U.S. Navy (USN), 381 USNS H - ~ n-stv i l l e 3G9 U'VS Mercurv. ----&a -359 ' USNS Redstone, 369 USXS Vanpa.rd, 369 . U. S. ST.m9ion o f S o a i e t S o c i a l i s t Republics) c o o p e r a t i o n , space, 374-375, 333 launch s a te l l i t e Cosnos, 358, 368, 372, 378, 333 spsce prograT, 393 Vandenberg AFB, C a l i f . 377, 394 Venus ( p l a n e t ) 382-383 Viking, P r o j e c t 375 Volpe, S e c r e t a r y of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n .Tolis A, 378 Walker, Joseph A. 379 J , , , , , 358, 361 �Wallops S t a t i o r ~( ~ 4 ~ , 4 ) 362 , Wapkoneta, 511. .%O War:it.r, <l:tr-k, 381 Wa~;l~iri;toriA i rl incs, 385 lllzsl~in$on, D . C . , j G j , 384, 385 Wll i t e :io+~::e, j66, 3G7-369 ~Vllite'Ssrici:; Missile Range (WSVR), 361, 378, 379 W i l c ~ x - S i e r r a Div. of American Standard, Inc , 379 Xing, a i r c r a f t , 351 World Health Organizstion, 37 3 WS,?4R. See 'dnite Sarlds M i s s i l e Range. X-15 (rocket r e s e a r c h a i r c r a f t ) , 356 X - 2 4 ~( l i f t i n g - b o d y v e h i c l e ) , 361, 383 XB-70 ( s ~ ~ e r s o n si icr c r a r t ) , 386 XF ( n u c l e a r r o c k e t e n g i n e ) , 373 Z i e g l e r , Ronald L., 359 Zych, A. D . , 383 , . (xii) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saturn V Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/60" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Saturn V Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saturn V Collection Description An account of the resource <p>The Saturn V was a three-stage launch vehicle and the rocket that put man on the moon. (Detailed information about the Saturn V's three stages may be found<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_first_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_second_stage.html">here,<span> </span></a>and<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/rocketpark/saturn_v_third_stage.html">here.</a>) Wernher von Braun led the Saturn V team, serving as chief architect for the rocket.</p> <p>Perhaps the Saturn V’s greatest claim to fame is the Apollo Program, specifically Apollo 11. Several manned and unmanned missions that tested the rocket preceded the Apollo 11 launch. Apollo 11 was the United States’ ultimate victory in the space race with the Soviet Union; the spacecraft successfully landed on the moon, and its crew members were the first men in history to set foot on Earth’s rocky satellite.</p> <p>A Saturn V rocket also put Skylab into orbit in 1973. A total of 15 Saturn Vs were built, but only 13 of those were used.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context spc_stnv_000127 Title A name given to the resource "Astronautics and Aeronautics September 1969: A Chronology on Science, Technology, and Policy (HHR-23)." Description An account of the resource Comment draft. Text drafted by Science and Technology Division, Library of Congress. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Library of Congress. Science and Technology Division NASA Historical Division (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-10-01 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Subject The topic of the resource Saturn Project (U.S.) Science and state Space race Technology and state Type The nature or genre of the resource Chronologies (list) Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Saturn V Collection Box 33, Folder 16 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Language A language of the resource en Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Relation A related resource spc_stnv_000119_000149 Is Referenced By A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/18239