1 20 2 https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/1/1/loc_hilt_0000001_0000005a.pdf 51dbdfa00d4588ca87e07e24892dc802 PDF Text Text • • GEORGE C. MARSHAL L SP ACE FLI G HT C E~T E R HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA Memorandum TO All Employees FROM Manager. Mission Operatio ns Office. PM-MO - MGR SUBJECT Abbrevi ated Apo llo 11 TiIne line DATE July 9. 19 69 In reply refer to: PM-M O - M c;R -114 -6 9 Because of the importance and hist o ri c al significance of the Apollo 11 Mission, we have prepared an abbreviat ed Apo llo 11 timeline fr o m Liftoff Splas hdown to help you in fo llowing this miss i on from day t o day. to This timelinc is based on a nOITlinallifto ff time o f 8:32 a. m . eDT o n July 16, 1 969. which cor r es p onds t o a 72° Launch Azimuth . A space is left in th e t ime li ne (COT, Actual) to allow you to make any c o rrections t o this nominal time. Highlights of this mission include the LM Lunar touchdown at 3: 19 p.:m. CDT o n Sunday, July 20 . and then a t 1 ;17 a. m. CD T o n Monday. Astronaut Neil Armstrong is scheduled to be t he first ma n t o step o nto the moonrs surfac e . Liftoff from the lunar surface is schedu l ed to occur just 21 hours 36 minutes after touchdown, o r 12;55 p. m. COT, Monday , Ju ly 21. The Mission p r oCHe for Apollo II is: Laun ch Phase Earth Par king Orbit Translunar Coast (TLC) Lunar Orbit (LO) L M Undocked from CSM T r ansearth Coast to Splashdown hrs:min 0: II 2:33 7 3: 10 59:30 27:45 59:53 Ground E lapsed T im e (GET) T -O to 0: 11 0: 11 to 2 :44 2 :44 t o 7 5 : 54 75:54 to 135:2 4 1 00: 15 t o 128:0 0 1 35 :2 4 to 195: 17 The Flight Crew Co r Apollo 1 1 is: Commander ( C DR) Command Module Pilot (eMP) Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) Ne il Armstrong Michael Co lli ns Edwin Aldrin TV transm ission times were not available and will be annou n ced dur i n g the mission . A list oC a c ronyms is includ e d Cor your informa t io n . If addi ti onal information is required. please contact Mr . Beutjer . PM-MO-H. 4 5 3 - 2260 . F. A. Speer Di stribut i on: SDL- 5 . . Fe _ y ........ 11 ( A ...... U60) • �• ~OlLO I ~ '/ • AS-506 LUNAR LANDING Abbreviated Timeline prepared by MISSION OPERATIONS OFFICE MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER HuntsYille, Alabama • �• LIST OF ACRONYMS AOS APS Acquisition of Sig. nal Ascent Pro pu l sion Suhsysto ·m C DI-! Constant Delta Alliludc Conlmander Command Module COITlma nd Module Pilot Check out Coe llipti c Sequence Initiation COITlmand Service Module CDP CM CM P c/o CSl CSM OOl DPS DST Descent Orbit Insertion Descent Propulsion Subsystem Daylight Saving Time EASEP El EVA EO l Early Apo llo Scientific Equipment Package Earth (atmosphere) Inte rface Extravehi cu lar Activity Earth Orbit Insertion GET Ground Elapsed Time lVT Intravehi c ular Transfer LM LMP LPO LV Lunar Module Lunar Module Pilot Lunar Orbit Lunar Orbit Insertion Loss of Signal Lunar Parking Orbit Launch V e hicle MCC MSFN Midcourse Correction Manned Space Flight Network PDl Powered Descent Initiat e RCS RNDZ Reacti o n Co ntr o l System Rendezvous SM SPS SS Se rvic e Modu le Servi ce Propuls io n System Solar Wind Compo sition Sunrise Sunset TEC TEl TLC TLI TPl TV Trans Earth Coast T ran searth In sertion Trans Lunar Coast Translunar Inserti o n Terminal Phase Initi at io n Te levision LO LOl LOS SWC SR • �• AB BREVIATED APOLLO 1 1 TIMEUNE LUNAR 1A NO ING (BASED ON A NOMINAL LIFTOFF OF 8:32 a.m. GET Wed nesda Jut 16 CDT CDr Actual 100,00 , 00 00:02:41 00:02:42 8 : J2 a 8 ,3 5 8 , 35 00:09: 11 8:4 1 8 , 41 8, 44 8 : 44 11 : 16 11,22 11:47 11 : 57 12: 4 2p 1, 12 1,33 8 : 17 10 : 0 2 00,09,1 5 00,11,40 00:11 : 43 02:44:26 02,49,46 03,15 03,25 04,09,45 04:39:45 05,01 11, 45 13,30 EVENT Li ftoff S- IC /S - I I Separation S-II Ignition 5-1 1 /5 - 1V8 Separalion S-IVB Ign i tion S-IVB Cutoff ~: OI ( 100 om ) S- IV B Reigni t ion - TLI S-IV8 Cutoff LV/ CSM Se parat i on CSM/LM Docking LM Ejection GET 76,19 78 , 27 80,09 , 30 cor ON JULY 16, 1969) cor cor Actus 1 EVENT Saturday, J uly 19 (c ont 'd) 12:S1p AOs:85 Min. ( 55-43) 2:59 AOS:85 Mi n ., ( 55 - 43) 4 :4 2 _ LOI 2 (S4x66 ) (SR+12) REV (SPS: 16 . 4sec ) 80,37 81 : 32 81:46 82 , 35 83:41 83,45 84:33 CSM/LM Evasive ( SPs : 3seC) 1 85 , 00 6: 1S AOS : 72 Min . (55- 33)* Clear Tunne l - Ope n Hatch LMP IVT To 1M (Housekeep ing Chore s ) AOS:72 Min . (SR+39) LMP IVT To CSM Close LM Ha tch AOS:72 Mi n ( SR+3S) Beg i n Res t (9 Hour s ) 1 5 S- IVB Slingshot MCCI (SPS) Begin Rest (9 Hours) Sunday, July 20 (Luna r La nding Da y) 5 : 32a End Rest Thur s day, Ju ly 17 6,56 AOS:72 Min (SR+37 ) 10 _ lMP IVT To 1M 22,30 7: 02a End Rest 6,56 26 , 45 8 , 54 11:17 HCC2 ADS: 72 Mi n (SR+ 36 ) 11 ) 7,00 Begin Rest (10 Hours) 8,57 9:32 p 1M Powe r ON 9 : 22 CDR I VT To 1M 9:52 LMP IVT To CSM _ 1MP IVT To LM 10,07 Friday , July 18 _ Close CSM & 1M Hat c h 10:27 47:00 7: J2 a End Rest 10,53 ADS : 71 Min ( SR+37 ) 12 53 ,5 5 11 ,37 2:2 7p Dep l oy Landing Gear MCC3 4,32 11 , 54 56,00 Cl ear Tunnel - Open Hat c h GO/NO - GO For Und oc king 4,47 56 ,15 LM P I V! To 1M 12 : 47p - Undoc ki ng II 4 , 52 56,20 CDR I VT To 1M 12:51 ADS ( CSM/1M):71 Min(SR+36) 56,28 5, 00 1M Famil i arization L 12 CSM Separat i on Burn(RCS:8sec ) 5 7 , 45 1, 50 6 : 17 LM P IVT To CSM GO/NO -GO For DOl 57,50 CDR I VT To CSM 2,11 6: 22 001 (DPS 2S . 5sec )(9x5S) 2 , 49 58, 00 Close 1M Hatch 6 : 32 AOS(CSM) : 72 Min( SR+36) ~ 60,00 8,32 Begin Rest (9 Hour s ) 2,51 AOS (LM) Cont i nuous l y (22 Hours 51 Min.) 102,35,13 POI ( DPS:l1 Mi n 5Ssec) 102:47: 11 , Touchdown( Lun.St a y21:3 6 :15) 1M Checkout & Si mulated ~~~___s ~a~t~u~r~d~a~Yw,~J~u~l~y~IZ9~-c____________-" R~ev 102:50 69:00 5 : 32a End Rest Countdown 70 : 00 6 : J2 200,000 nm From Earth 103:50 4 : 22 Photograph Lunar Su rface · 4 : 47 70:55 7: 27 MCC4 104 : 15 AOS(CSM) : 71 Min(SR+3 6) 15 71:18 7: 50 En te r Moon ' s Shadow 104: 2-2 4:54 GO/NO- GO For Lunar 73: 52 10 : 24 Leave }1oon' s Shadow Surface Operations ' 105 : 30 6, 02 75 : 35 12 : 07p GO/NO - GO For LOl l Begin Rest -1M (4 Ho urs) 6 , 45 1106,13 75 : 46 12:1 S LOSLM / CSM AOS(CSM) : 72 Min ( SR+3S) 16 75 : 54:2S 12: 2 7 _ LOll (59x170) 1 107 ,05,)3 7,38 CSM Plane Change( sps: .8 g'·l· 7 , 52 (SPS:360sec) 11107,20 Begin Rest -CSM (4 Hours) • Even t pe r forme d outside range of MSFN "" After LOI2: Lunar day is aporo x. 72 mi n I on)". Lunar night is approx. 46 mi n l Oll~ 94,00 94 , 24 95,50 96,22 96 , 25 96,50 97 , 20 97,35 97,55 9S: 21 99 , 05 99,22 100,15 100:19 100 , 39 , 50 101: IS 101,38,48 102, 17 '1 102 •' 19 �= ABBREVIATED APOLLO 11 TlMELINE (CONTINUED) GET 109 , 30 110,09 110:32 111:21 CDT CDr Actual Sunday. Jul y 20 (Cont'd) lO:02 p 10,41 11,04 11,53 EVENT End Rest - 1M REV GET 127:28:08 1 127 ,36,57 Min(SR+34) Begin Prep.For Egress. End Rest-CSM Hatch. Start EVA (2 Hr. 40 Min) 1: 17 1,27 1,45 1 :47 1:52 1: 56 113:40 113:55 114: 08 114,42 11 5: 00 115 ,10 116,04 116: 12 116 : 18 116:20 116: 24 117 , 20 9 , 42 121,10 10,32 122:00 123,56 12,28p 124,23,26 12,55 124: 30 :44 1, 03 1 :42 125 : 10 125, 21, 19 1 :53 125,50,28 2,22 125,54 2,26 2 : 29 i..S: S7 126,19 , 37 2 , 52 126 , 58 , 08 3,30 1' 7,13,08 3:45 cor cor 4 : 00p 4:09 AOS(~SM) , 72 Actua 1 EVENT • Rndz MCC2:LM ReS • Be gin LM ReS Braking AOS(CSM & LM)72 Mi n (SR+32) 4,32 6 , 23 6:42 7,17 8,22 8,25 Docking AOS : 72 Mi n( SR+3 2) CDR IVT To CSM 3.1 sec) 135:24:34 11:57 AOS:72 Min(SR+3 1) • TEl (SPS: 149 sec) TV Deployment (CDR) (CDR) 1M Inspection(CDR/LMP) 135 , 35 137,00 147 , 00 150 , 24 II 28 LMP I VT To CSM ADS:7l Min(SR+32) 1M Jett is on(CSM-RC S: Initial EVA(CDR).TV On Sample Cotlect i on(CDR) Initial EVA (LMP) SWC Deployment (LMP) Bulk Sample Collection REV (5 Maneuvers) 127,53 128,00 129 , 51 130: 10 1 130 , 45 Monday, July 21 1 131 , 50 AOS(CSH): 71 Min(SR+34) 19 131 , 53,05 Depress Cab i n, Open 112 :45 112,55 113,13 113,15 113,20 113: 24 Page 2 Tue sday. July 22 0:07a ADS : Continuously 1,32 Beg in Rest (10 Hour s) End Rest 11:32 2,56p MCC5 EASEP Deployment (CDR/ LMP) AOS (CSM):72 Min (SR+34) Documented Sample Collection(CDR/LMP) Wednesday. Ju l y 23 160,00 Terminate EVA (LMP) 0: 32a Begin Rest (10 Hours) 170,00 10,32 End Rest Terminate EVA (CDR) Close Hatch, Repress 172:00 12: 32p MCC6 182,00 10,32 Begin Rest (7 Hours ) Cabin. End EVA AOS(CSM) , 72 Min(SR+34) Cab i n Depress Duen Hatch-Jettison Equipment Thursday. July 24 Begin Rest - CSM(4 Hr. 5 : 32a End Rest 189,00 50 Min) 192:06 8,38 MeC7 ReDress Cabin - 1M 194 , 50 Begin Rest-LM(4 Hr. 11 : 22 CH / SM Separation 195,03 , 27 11 , 35 E1 (400 KFT) 40 Min) 195 , 03 , 45 11 , 36 Enter S- Band Blackout End Rest-CSM 195,04 , 49 11: 37 End Rest - LM Peak G Exit S-Band Bl ackout AOS(eSM):72 Min(SR+32) 12 195 , 06,51 11,39 Drogue Chute Dep l oy APS Lift o ff( 7 Min 18 Sec) 195,11,39 11 , 44 195,12,27 11:44 Main Chute Dep l oy Orbit Ins ertion(10x45) LOS (LM) 195: 17:22 11,49 Splashdown (25 Min Pr i or to SR Loca l • CS I :1M RCS(45 Sec) 1 Time) • Plane Change:LM RCS AOS(CSM):72 Min(SR+32) 26 AOS(LM),69 Min(SR.35) CDH:LM ReS (1.9 Sec) TPI :LM ReS (22.4 Sec) • Rndz Mec :L~ ReS 29 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Heinz Hilten Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/29" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Heinz Hilten Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Heinz Hilten Collection Description An account of the resource At the start of the Second World War, Heinz Hilten (1909 to 2013) was drafted into the German army, where he worked with von Braun’s V-2 rocket team at Peenemünde. In 1954, Hilten made his way to America, where he rejoined von Braun. Hilten helped plan the growth of Alabama’s Redstone Arsenal until 1960, when he began designing laboratories, control centers, test stands, and administrative buildings for the newly minted Marshall Space Flight Center; Hilten also helped design the Saturn rocket program. Hilten was also a founding member of the Huntsville Symphony Orchestra. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Abbreviated timeline of the Apollo 11 mission. Subject The topic of the resource Apollo 11 (Spacecraft) George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Project Apollo (U.S.) Space flight Huntsville (Ala.) Madison County (Ala.) Description An account of the resource The timeline includes a memorandum from Friedjof A. Speer, manager of the Missions Operations Office, to employees of Marshall Space Flight Center. Speer notes that "astronaut Neil Armstrong is scheduled to be the first man to step onto the moon's surface." The timeline outlines the entire mission from liftoff at 8:32 AM on Wednesday, July 16, 1969 to splashdown at 11:49 AM on Thursday, July 24, 1969. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-07-09 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Type The nature or genre of the resource Memorandums Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context loc_hilt_000001_000005 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969 Language A language of the resource en Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Heinz Hilten Collection University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama https://digitalprojects.uah.edu/files/original/1/52/loc_hilt_0000006_0000042.pdf 94ebf56693fc08ca3fd96cd86d9fe518 PDF Text Text .-.. ~ . - ~- • Remarks by Dr. We rnher von Braun. Dir ec t or George C. Marshall Spa ce Flight Center National Ae r onautics and Space Administration Huntsville. Alabama A l abam a Legislature Montgomery, Alabarna J une 20, 19 61, 11:00 a.m. Your Excellency Gove rnor Patterson, Lieutenant Governor Boutwell, Speaker Ashwo rth and gentlemen of this joint session of the Legislature of Alabama: I want you to know that it is a very real honor for me, a citizen of A l abama . to add r es 5 you today in the Capit a l City of our Great State . 1 deeply appreciate your thoughtfulness in inviting me to be with you in this historic C a pitol Bu ilding . It is my privilege to know a number of you pe r sonally , and I wish I knew tTlore of you. I'm su r e that if the appropriations for the George C. Marshall Spa ce Flight Center carne directly from the Legi s i"at ure of Alabama ins te ad of the Congress I would know many more of you. I have been privileged for some time, of cou r se, to know Governor John Patterson. In fact, I enjoyed a ve ry pleasant luncheon and conve r sation in Washington wi t h the Gove rn or not so long ago. • �• <. 2 Also, I frequently see and talk with our own representatives from Madison County: Senator Dave Archer, Representative Roscoe Roberts and Representative Luke Reynolds. I should like to give a little public credit to Dave and Roscoe and Luke for the tremendous help they have been to the Marshall Space Flight Center and the U. S. Army at Huntsville. They have frequently helped pull us over the rough spots as the rocket and space exploration business in Alabama began to have more and more impact on the State and South. I am. glad to say, too, that you gentlemen of the Legislature have responded ITlore than once to our expanding needs. And thanks to the persuasiveness of our Madison County delegation -- and your own good judgement and conscience - - I as we wanted you to. ~m glad to add that you responded We are delighted, of course, that you did, and we are grateful. As you may recall, some of my former German colleagues and I carne to Alabama from Ft. Bliss, Texas , some ten or ~leven years ago, and six years ago this past spring we were awarded our Alnerican citizenship. I want to take advantage of this occasion to express my sincere appreciation to the many fine citizens of this State for the warm, truly Southern hospitality which they have extended to us. We like -- and we are proud of -- our Alabama friends and neighbors. • �-" 3 As you will remember, during the past few years all of us in Alabama have shared some exciting. history-making moments together. First there were the pioneering Redstone and Jupiter missile programs~ then our laounching of the Free World's first satellite around the earth, built right here in Alabama; then our launching of the Free World's first satellite around the sun, again built right here in Alabama; then only a few weeks ago came our launching of the Free World's first man into space. And, 1 hasten to add, with the Saturn deep space rocket and other programs now underway at the Marshall Center. we expect to ring up a few more firsts before too long. Even now a lot of people still ask me, "Why do you want to go to the moon? II I like to remind them about one of this country's most famous scientists. When wise old Ben Franklin sent up his kite that day in the thunderstorm, he got his knuckles singed by electricity. Franklin learn by this experiment? from the clouds would shock him. Not much. What did Only that electricity But because Ben was curious about the world around him, his simple research -- plus a few other experiments conducted elsewhere -- stirred up a lot of interest. A burst of attention was then focussed on electrical research, and as a result, old Ben Franklin's kite sparks flew around the world. Today, we can't drive a tractor, fly an airplane, light a house, or send a satellite into space without electricity. • �, 4 My point here is that as wise as Ben Franklin was, he didn't have the faintest idea of the great benefits that were in store for mankind as a result of the first faltering experiments that he and others about that time carried out. But Franklin did have scientific curiosity. It was curiosity that made him go fly a kite that day. not some mysterious. prophetic knowledge that he was about to help pave the way for va'st new benefits for all mankind. So when somebody tells you to go fly a kite, don't punch him in the nose. Who knows? You too might discover electricity. Incidentally, as you know, Benjamin Franklin was not only a s.c ientist and inventor, but he was also a great statesman and politician. In fact, he would be equally as much at home -- were he alive today -with the employees of the Marshall Space Flight Center as he would with the m.em.bers of our Legislature. And after reading som.ething of som.e of the rem.arkably skillful operations conducted around Goat Hill here lately. I wouldn't be surprised if we couldn't learn m.ore fro.m. Franklin about our business than you could learn from. hitn about yours. It is curiosity that sets m.an apart . • It is curiosity that m.akes hitn learn. This has been true throughout history .... first curiosity; then learning; then advancement. • �• 5 But the guy who is curious -- the restless searcher for new knowledge -- never knows where his curiosity will lead him. All he knows is that SQIne time, in Borne way. the knowledge he digs up will better the lot of his fellow man. For instance, the great bacteriologist, Sir Alexander Fleming. found one day that certain bacteria were killed by a mold. This "accidental discovery -- which happened because Fleming was curious about mold -gave us penicillin. He didn't have the faintest idea that what he saw under his microscope that day would end up by saving many, many thousands of h~an liv es. It's always that way. • We just never know what the next bit of information will bring f orth. That's why we want to -- and why we must -- explore space. !tIS our next frontier, our newest challenge. and the greatest unknown today. I am convinced that the exploration of outer space will produce undream e d of benefits for all of us. And the very fact that nobody knows for sure what all of these benefits will be opens new prospects and excites our imagination to further progress . It has been said (Henry Ward Beecher) that lithe soul without imagination is what an observatory would be without a telescope. II Now how are we going to space? �6 I'd like now to show you a few slides of actual space hardware and d i scuss with you some promising methods we plan t o US~ to get out there. The other day The President said we should go to the moon. Well, he's not alone. Let us just hope that somebody named Ivan Ivanovich or Yuri Gagarin doesn't get there first. How are we going to get there? And when? F i rst, l e t me say here and now that this country has nothing to be ashamed o f in c omparison with the Soviets in space exploration to date. This c omparison may have been valid three years ago, but today we have orbited many more scientific satellites than they; and from them we have gleaned a great deal more new flcientific information from. the universe than anyone else. The area where we are obviously behind is in the field of big boosters .... the big push. That is the bottleneck. That',s why I should like to talk with you today about our efforts in big space booster development. I shall discuss two in particular: The Saturn and Nova . But, before I go into that let me say that we're all highly gratified , of course, at Alan Shepard's successful and historic voyage aboard the Mercury-Redstone rocket. • �7 LIGHTS OFF SLIDE I But to achieve this we had to fall back on that old reliable Alabama-made Redstone rocket. The Redstone . taking off on the left , was first developed as a weapon . It has never yet been fired in anger . But when we got into trouble (and maybe angry) because the Russ.ians beat us up there with the Sputniks, we had to call on the Redstone to put the first American earth satellites into orbit. In the middle is the Jupiter C which lofted Explorer satellites I , III, and IV. Then after Yuri Gagarin 1 s orbit ... . in an effort to stay in the man-in-space race .. .. we again relied on that old reliable Redstone to boost our first American • into space. You see it on the right -with the space capsule on top. Following the Mercury-Redstone will be the Mercury-Atlas which will'J?lace an American in orbit later this year. Well, as to How and When . .. . to put it sinlply the United States now has a whole stable-full of other good rockets to do the job with; and from all indications we're going to accelerate our most vital space exploration programs and tinletables rapidly and forcefully. I should like now to talk with you about two big space exploration vehicles . SLIDE Z �8 First the Saturn . Thanks to a little clever fCfking .... and with the cooperation of the Governor's press secretary .... we see the Saturn deep space rocket right on the lawn of our Capitol building. This particular ve rs ion of Saturn stands about 18 stories. high . The Saturn rocket not only compares in size with the Capitol, but I suspe,ct a comparison in internal complexity and perhaps an ability to shift courses might be made, With the belp of private industry and universities around the country, the Saturn space carrier vehicle is under development here in Alabama for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Several versions of the Saturn are being considered. smallest -- 80 called Even the is the world's largest known rocket. SLIDE 3 Here is a cutaway of the Saturn booster showing· the fuel and oxygen tanks. There are eight tanks six feet in diameter surrounding one tank in the middle of the cluster that is nine feet in diameter. of the outer tanks -- and the middle t ank - - hold liquid oxygen . Four The remaining carry the kerosene. You can't see them all here. but the booster has eight keroseneoxygen engines. each of which can develop 188.000 pounds of thrust. By "thrust" we mean lifting force. • �., • 9 The Saturn represents a four-fold jwnp in thrust power .... from the 360. 000 pound thrust Atlas to the 1.5 million pound thrust Saturn. This is equal to the energy developed by almost all the 100, 000 or more automobiles in Montgomery, Alabama. This particular first stage will be used to boost the first two versions of the Saturn rocket now under consideration into space. For our purposes, we call the three versions of the Saturn the C-l, C-2. and C-3. SLIDE 4 Here is the second stage of the first -- or C-l -- version of Saturn. This stage will be powered by six hydrogen-oxygen engines, each developing 15, 000 pounds thrust. These new hydrogen engines represent the first step forward in advanc ed li quid propellants . Our earlier space vehicles generally used sorne type of kerosene as fuel. This stage is some 17 feet in diarneter and about 40 feet tall. SLIDE 5 A new developrnent in liquid rocket engines is underway to power this, t he number two stage. of the second -- or C-2 -- Saturn vehicle, Four new hydrogen engines. each developing 200,000 pounds thrust, will be combined to give this stage a total of 800,000 pounds thrust. This new engine will be a really big step in the development of hydrogen engines ... , frorn 15,000 pounds to 200, 000 pounds thrust. SLIDE 6 • �.. 10 Here at a glance you can get a good look at the three Saturns. The first version, . on the left, can put la, 000 pounds of payload into low earth orbit. earth. It is also designed· to put three men into orbit around the The £irst launching of the Saturn C - l . without a payload,. is schedul ed for the last quarter of this year. about 180 feet tal1 . With payload, it stands It weighs about 1, 000, 000 pounds at liftoff. The second Saturn, in the middle, will be about 210 feet high. It will have three stages and will be capable of orbiting manned or un- manned payloads of more than 44, 000 pounds around the earth, soft -lan d a 3,000 pound payload on the moon and back to earth, or put instruments • on Mars or Venus. The third Saturn shown here is a rather radical departure over the other versions in that the booster will be powered by two huge new kerosene engines, each of which develops 1. 5 million pounds of thrust. This Saturn booster, then, will be twice as powerful -- with three million pounds thrust - - as the earlier version. The second stage will have the same four 200,000 pound hydrogen engines, and the third will have six hydrogen engines with 15,000 pounds thrust each. • 1,6, OOtIt can put"*, 000, 000 pounds into earth orbit, or fly a multiple crew around the moon or send 24,000 pounds on a one-way trip to Mars. Ten launchings of research and development vehicles are scheduled in the current Saturn program. �:: . 11 We expect the Saturn deep space rocket to be the major rocket for U. S. space exploration for a number of years. It is the first large rocket to be developed in the U. S. for scientific peaceful research. SLIDE 7 When the Saturn puts men into space it will carry a spacecraft known as Apollo. Here you see the Saturn booster out in space separating from the remaining stage and the Apollo. The Apollo is not only an extension of the Mercury-man-in-space program, it has other capabilitie.8. For instance, men can use it to observe the surface and envirorunent of the moon before a manned landing takes place. The Apollo is also sufficiently flexible to serve as a manned orbiting laboratory .... a laboratory where man can perform useful space research in a low earth orbit. This orbiting laboratory is a necessary step leading toward a permanent {nanned space station. This will be the main application of the Saturn rocket ... . man into space. SLIDE 8 Here is a promising plan to recover Saturn boosters and thus save a lot on money. Rockets are usually considered expendable, but by using this unique Rogalla kite -- called a paraglider -- _we think we can return boosters and some upper stages to land and fly them again. • �• IZ The paraglider would actually be guided down from the ground -as you see here -- through a radio remote cont r ol system. Lines attaching the kite to the booster can be pulled in or let out to cont r ol the kite as it descends and finally approaches the landing strip. SLIDE 9 The special barge was built because it's about the only way -- at present, anyway -- that we can get the Saturn booster from the Marsha ll Center to Cape Canaveral. However, due to an accident at the Wheeler lock on the Tennessee River not long ago , it looks as if we're going to have to use two water - going vessels temporarily. name of this barge -- to get it to the lock. WeI ll use the Palaernon -- the ITlQve it by a whee led transporter around the lock. then re-load on a former Navy barge and proceed to the Cape. It 1 s a 2,200 mile trip by river. the intercoastal waterway that runs across the southern tip of Alabama. the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. The skipper of this unusual craft describes the barge as a crOBB between a mine sweeper, a garbage scow and a blimp hanger. SLIDE 10 Moving the upper stages of Saturn by air is a possibility. A rather startling proposal by Douglas Aircraft has been made to carry the Saturn second stage on top of an aircraft in piggy-back fashion. seriously looking into this scheme. We 1 r e The idea is to save time and money. �13 When I first studied this proposal I couldn't help thinking about the caterpillar who, like too many of us, never can accept a new idea. Two caterpillars were strolling along in the dust one day when a butterfly went by overhead. One caterpillar said to the other: "They'll ne ve r get me up in that thing. " SLIDE 11 Here is Saturn with a nuclear upper stage. In this concept of a nuclear rocket, hydrogen is heated by passing it through a nuclear reactor and then exhausted through a nozzle yielding about twice the propellant economy you get with a hydrogen oxygen engine. With this rn.ore efficient engine, smaller quantities of propellants will be needed, thus ITlaking ou r payloads a lot bigger. • NASA and the Marshall Space Flight Center are making a number of studies in this area. Also, NASA and the Atomic Energy Commission jointly are pushing forward the pace of the Rover development, as the nuclear rocket reactor program is called. We should fly our first prototype nuclear rocket by 1966. This first nuclear rocket will be called RIFT .... for" Reactor In Flight Test tt • Itls easy to see that we call dream up weird alphabetical abbreviations with the best of them. The RIFT nuclear vehicle will be flight-tested as a second stage of the Saturn C-3. ) . �14 SLIDE 12 As we approach manned space travel involving several men . ... and women, eventually, of course .... we must put up much bigger payloads . Incidentally. Bob Gilruth, the man in charge of the U. S. Mercury program, was asked the other day if he plans to use women astronauts in the man-in-space program . With a straight face, Bob replied: "Well, we are reserving 110. pounds of payload for recreational equipment. T o put these bigger payloads up it takes thrust. II Here is a dramatic example. The smallliquid engine you see creates 188, 000 pounds thrust. Eight of these make up the Saturn first stage which produces, as you now know. ' 1. 5 million pounds. Then , at one stroke. comes a single engine that produces the same amount of thrust - - · 1. 5 million pounds - - that the whole Saturn engine~ cluster produces . Both are kerosene engines . To express myself in more familiar terms, this big rocket engine produces 33, 000 , 000 horsepower, compared with these two diesel locomotive units at the left which together produce only about 4, 000 horsepowe r . Now by clustering a batch of these big engines you can see that we can really • achieve power. SLIDE 13 And h ere is where we will need it. possible Nova space vehicle concepts. Saturn. This slide depicts one of the Nova is the next big step beyond • �15 By clustering the Saturn C-3 boosters -- those first stages with the two 1. 5 million pound single chamber engines -- on the left we come up with this clustered Nova vehicle in the center. For very high speed it would be advantageous to increase the propellant capacity of the top stage. Thus Nova would offer us an escape payload of up to 140, 000 pounds. By "escape" we mean escape from the earth's gravity . With Nova, we could land a locomotive on the moon if anyone wanted one there. What is more important, this Nova space rocket can put a spacecraft -- like the one on the right -- with three men on the moon and return them to earth, and at the same time leave 40, 000 pounds of supplies and equipment to support a manned lunar station . • With a nuclear third stage, it could go into orbit around Mars and return to earth later on. Nova vehicles of this class give us the most direct approach to manned lunar and planetary exploration. LIGHTS ON Before Nova, though, comes Saturn. I might mention here that the Saturn space rocket will be shown to the public for the first time on July 1. In fact you can see two fully assembled Saturn rockets which we will display at an open house we are having to celebrate the first anniversary of the Marshall Center. �16 We will also erect a Mercury~Redstone capsule like the one Al Shepard rode in. rocket, complete with a spa.ce We would be most happy to have any of you who can to visit us that day. We hope it will provide you and the public with a pretty good .- and rather interesting -- look at Alabama's major role in the national space program. We will conduct four live, that is hot, static tests of a Saturn engine for you. Also; for the first time each of the 10 space research laboratories of the Marshall Center will be opened to the general public. 8: 30 to 3: 30. Our open house will be from I'd like to remind you that Huntsville - - for the first time in several years -- is on Central Standard Tirne this swnmer . As a reward for our cooperation in staying on standard time, however, they give us the privilege of going to work at seven o'clock in the morning . July 1 is on Saturday, so I s,;!ggest you come up to Huntsville for a visit to the space center and leave your politics ba.ck here. Now .... what will it take for this country to regain lost prestige and once more asswne its place as the scientific and technological leader among nations? More particularly, what can the people of Alabama do? What can the people in this room do? These slides you have just seen show how much the national space program depends upon the work going on here in the State of Alabanla. Just as important for the country's well-being, of course, is the enormous national defense effort being carried out at Huntsville by the Army Ordnance Missile Command and the Army Ordnance Guided Missile School. • �• 17 The 25. 000 persons employed at Huntsville who carryon this work receive an annual payroll of about $200, ODD, DOD, The total money spent by these agencies each year is nearly Z. 2 billion dollars. and about 16 per cent of this (or 350 million dollars) is spent in Alabama with companies and educational institutions throughout the state. I haven't mentioned this to Dave Archer yet, but when the ~igure of 25, 000 arsenal and Marshall Center employees was ITlentioned in a ITleeting in Huntsville th e other day. somebody suggested: "With all these voters around here, why don't we elect a Senator frOrri Redstone Arsenal?" The Marshall Center is now in the process of hiring more than • 1600 new employees. engineers Most of the people we need and ~ scientists. 60 urgently are graduate In other words, highly skilled and e ducated men and women . Although a substantial nwnber of our present technical people are products of Alabama's educational system , most of ther;,., frankly. have come f rom e lsewhere ... . from all 50 states and several other countries, as a matter of fact. • �18 You've heard and seen something now about the kind of people we need and what we need them for. We need the best, and we need them for one of the most vital jobs in the history of free men. This. I submit, is substantial evidence to show that opportunity is indeed knocking on Alabama's door, and knocking hard, just as oppor tunity knocked on California's door a few decades ago when the aircraft industry was beginning to blossom. The question today is. II Will Alabama open the door?" As a proud citizen of this state and of this count ry I I feel a responsibility to raise this question with you and to discuss it openly and frankly. Shakespeare said. "There is a tide in the affairs of men, which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune". now -- but is passing fast. For Alabama. the tide is at flood My appeal to you is to recognize this and to take action today while the opportunity is still available. I am sure there are very few problems in Alabama which could not be solved with more money -- the proper capital investment at this time can produce that money for the State of Alabama. Now what investment am I s peaking of? I am speaking of an investment in people -- strong. capable, educated people! Opportunity goes where the best people go, and the best people go where good education goes. • �19 Unless we get -- and keep -- many more bright young men and women very soon to help us carry the present load, our programs -- and Alabama -- will suffer. , This danger was sensed last winter by a keen Washington official during his visit with us. We were asking for rn.ore funds for construction of facilities, and he raised the question as to whether it was really .smart for the Federal Government to continue to build up its facilities in a place which has much difficulty in obtaining the right kind of senior personnel to operate these facilities, like a business: You see, a goverrunent agency functions much Success is not guaranteed by past successes; no one in Washington is assuring our future; if we begin to falter -- as we most certainly will without the right kind of personnel -- serious consequences will surely r~esu1t. To lTlake Huntsville lTlore attractive to technical and scientific people across the country -- and to further develop the people we have now - - the acadelTlic and research environment of Huntsville and AlabatTla lTlust be Unproved and Unproved UnlTlediately. As lTlany of you know, the University of AlabalTla has a University Center in Huntsville, which is definitely a step in the right direction. In addition they have just opened a slTlall Research Institute closely affiliated with this Center. • �20 As this Institute grows. large corporations will be encouraged to establish research organizations nearby to form an industrial research park as a part of the University complex, which in turn will give birth to major new industries throughout the State. Unless, however, large swns of lTloney can be found immediately to improve and enlarge this University complex, its real value may come too late to help us attract and develop the kind of people we must have. The citizens of Alabama should recognize even more fully that the United States, as well as the other leading countries of the world, now lives in a technological age. The efforts along this line that have been taken in the past -- in developing our technological manpower and other industrial resources -- will not, I repeat , will not suffice to keep pace with the other states and nati ons today. It's the university climate that brings the business. What do you think attracted the aircraft industry to the Los Angeles area? The desert and smog? No, it was U. C. L. A. and Cal Tech and the Art Institute and St. Mary's and The University of Southern California. Was it beans that brought great electronic and other industri es to Boston? It was the Educational Triangle of Boston University, Harvard and M. 1. T. A friend of mine said last week that if M. 1. T. was as close to Huntsville as are the University of Alabama and Auburn University that M. 1. T . would own Redstone Arsenal. • �21 Let's be honest with ourselves about it: it's not water, or real estate. or labor. or power, or cheap taxes that brings industry to a state or city. It's brainpower. make it rich. Nowadays, brainpower dwnped in a desert will Right now you could run a profitable electronics firm on the moon, if the company liked the climate. Educational c1hnate, that is. Without question, such a climate is the most important resource in attracting new people and new ideas. process. si~gle It's a self-generating Once you get it started, it snowballs. The top people in industry and goverrunent today like to improve themselves. them. TheY llike flourishing research institutions. They thrive on 1£ they have a bachelor's degree, they want a master's. If they • have a master's, they want a Ph. D. to teach and do research. are not satisfied. And if they have a Ph. D. they want So our young engineers with bachelor's degrees If they could get advanced degrees and remain near an academic environment, they would stay with us. Lacking such opportunities they want to move on to California and Massachusetts. While we are trying to bootleg young engineers from other states ... because w e don't produce them here .... the same states are stealing our senior scientists, �22 The State of Alabama ... . in this case I you .... has a very real responsibility to promote the advancement of science and higher education. In short, itls up to you to create the right climate. In Huntsville we are trying to create a vigorous and varied educational and research clilnate. The seed is sown with the University Center and the infant Research Institute. But the seed is starving. It needs s o mething green .... Money. To be specific. the Research Institute needs .... at this very moment . . . . three million dollars for buildings and equipment. Following this first investment the Institute will not only be self-sustaining, but will enrich the State both financially and culturally. Let me remind you of something: the rocket and missile business at Huntsville pours 350 million dollars annually into the State of Alabama. That's more ~ than a hundred dollars a year per man, woman and child. The only reason that Alabarrta has this bonanza at all is because the Army had a big chunk of spare real estate that served the immediate purpose of providing a home. We've lived in that home for more than ten years now, and it's about time we got a schoolhouse. And everything that goes with it. For a three million dollar investment now, I promise you that you'll reap billions. Easily billions. is more than a third of a billion. 350 million dollars, don't forget, �23 The President has asked the Congress for from seven to nine billion dollars for space for the next five years alone. that dough will e nd up in Alabama . A big hunk of End up in Alabama, that is I if Alabama can attract the kind of people we have to have . provide them , with a decent educational. scientific and cultural climate . and make them want to stay. If Alabama does this. then the prosperity and culture of the entire state will g r ow and fl ou rish . If Alabama doesn't . ... Well, I'd hate to see those Saturn and Nova r ockets begin that long and lucrative trip to the moon from the State of California. • Now, it is not my place to tell you what to change or how to change it . but I tru s t you may take this warning seriously. I' m not a s king for something next year, or n ext month, or next week, or tomorrow . I'm asking that you -- each of you, individually and collectively -- do something now . On one hand , you have the greatest opportunity fo r wealth , prosperity and culture ever offered to this state and seldom to any other state . While on the other, you face the greatest of dangers . . . . n ot only the danger of a ggress ion and lo ss of prestige, but also the danger of economic competition from other cities • . states and nations all over the world . �Z4 When a prospective employee looks at us he does not try to decide whether to liv e in Huntsville or Montgomery , he is choosing between Alabama and Los Angeles. New York or Boston. It is your decision whether you want to make Alabama attractive enough to stay in this race. I do not believe you will back away from this competition . I believe I know the citizens of my state well enough to say with full confidence that they will accept this challenge with the gusto of Macbeth as he said: "Lay on, Macduff. and damn'd be hiIn that first cries. 'Hold, enough! II' • I �I • "'_-.. • . -- ~ ~- , , .~ ~ # ! 4 Q • • ��SATURN C-I FIRST STAGE C-2 FIRST STAGE �SATUR!'\ C-I SECOND STAGE • �'~------~--------- SATURN c- 2 SECOND STAGE • �Story Bldg -- • ��- MAT '- • -, ;T 0'- • ",~ " • ~ �• �• �• ��MODULAR NOVA CONCEPT . "'~ '=""lP � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Heinz Hilten Collection Relation A related resource <a href="http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/29" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">View the Heinz Hilten Collection finding aid in ArchivesSpace</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Heinz Hilten Collection Description An account of the resource At the start of the Second World War, Heinz Hilten (1909 to 2013) was drafted into the German army, where he worked with von Braun’s V-2 rocket team at Peenemünde. In 1954, Hilten made his way to America, where he rejoined von Braun. Hilten helped plan the growth of Alabama’s Redstone Arsenal until 1960, when he began designing laboratories, control centers, test stands, and administrative buildings for the newly minted Marshall Space Flight Center; Hilten also helped design the Saturn rocket program. Hilten was also a founding member of the Huntsville Symphony Orchestra. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Transcript of a speech given by Wernher von Braun to the Alabama Legislature. Subject The topic of the resource Aerospace industries Alabama. Legislature George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Saturn Project (U. S.) University of Alabama in Huntsville University of Alabama in Huntsville. Research Institute Huntsville (Ala.) Madison County (Ala.) Description An account of the resource Von Braun, then the director of Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, delivered this speech to the legislature in 1961. In the speech, he emphasizes that Alabama must take advantage of its position in the aerospace industry and create a robust "academic and research environment" in Huntsville to attract businesses that "will give birth to major new industries throughout the state." He exhorts the legislature to fund the newly established University of Alabama Research Institute (now part of the University of Alabama in Huntsville), arguing that "the Institute will not only be self-sustaining, but will enrich the State both financially and culturally." The legislature later approved von Braun's request of $3 million for the Research Institute, enabling the purchase of 200 acres of land for the campus and the construction of the Institute in 1964. The speech includes copies of slides von Braun used during his presentation, including diagrams of Saturn and Nova rockets as well as a mockup of a Saturn rocket on the lawn of the state capitol in Montgomery. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Von Braun, Wernher, 1912-1977 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Heinz Hilten Collection Box 2 University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives, Special Collections, and Digital Initiatives, Huntsville, Alabama Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961-06-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This material may be protected under U. S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S. Code) which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. Though the University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections has physical ownership of the material in its collections, in some cases we may not own the copyright to the material. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in our collections. Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Photographs Speeches Transcripts Still Image Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context loc_hilt_000006_000042 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1960-1969